小學(xué)六年級復(fù)習(xí)教案
發(fā)表時間:2021-04-302013年九年級英語下冊語法形容詞和副詞復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案。
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形容詞和副詞
目標(biāo):1、了解形容詞和副詞的考點2、通過練習(xí)鞏固形容詞和副詞的用法。
課前預(yù)習(xí):
一、形容詞
1.形容詞的位置::一放在名詞的____________,(eg.oldman)
二是常放在____________后面;(behappy)
三.如果和不定代詞搭配,則放在不定代詞的面(eg.somethingnew)。
2.常用的形容詞:
好的________壞的_______容易的_____難的_________
聰明的_______累的危險的____
安全的_____安靜的______熱鬧的
有趣的厭煩的興奮的
友好的_有禮貌的_____硬的____
2感官動詞(_______________________________+__________詞,lookwell/feelwell(除外)
二、副詞
1.____________修飾動詞或形容詞,(eg.studyhard,speakEnglishwell,terriblysorry).大多數(shù)的副詞以-ly結(jié)尾(eg.slowly,carefully)。
2.常用的副詞有:
好地________壞地/糟糕地__________快地______
慢地_______________________認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地_______粗心地
突然地______幸運地______
甚至_______很,非常_______________通常地________
幾乎_________幾乎不______________努力地___
最近:recentlylately
三、寫出以下常用的與形容詞/副詞有關(guān)的短語
與…不同_____________________遠(yuǎn)離______________________________
以…自豪__________________________害怕做____________________________
忙于做___________________________對…某人嚴(yán)格_____________________
生某人的氣擅長…____________________________
與…相似___________________________因…而出名____________
與…一樣…__________________________太多_____________________________
太__________________________________太…而不能_______________________
對…感興趣____________________________對…感到驚訝_______________________
做某事很興奮_____超過___________________________
對某人來說做某事是……的__________________________________
課堂活動:
一、原級、比較級和最高級變化規(guī)律
1.規(guī)則變化:
情況變化方法例詞
單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般情況clean-
few-
重讀閉音節(jié),
只有一個輔
音字母
hot–
fat-
thin-
輔音字母
加y結(jié)尾
early-
angry-
以字母e結(jié)尾
nice-
多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞/Interesting---
2.不規(guī)則變化的情況
good/well_______________________bad/ill/badly_____________________
much/many______________________little______________________
far_______________________
3.部分雙音節(jié)的比較級和最高級
1.tired--moretired—mosttired(累的)
2.pleased-morepleased-mostpleased
4.以形容詞+ly結(jié)尾的副詞,要加more或most構(gòu)成。
slowly–moreslowly-mostslowlyquickly-morequickly-mostquickly
happliy-morehappily-mosthappilyheavily–moreheavily—mostheavily
5.比較特殊的:
friendly—friendlier-friendliest/friendly—morefriendly—mostfriendly
clever--cleverercleverest/clever--moreclever/mostclever
shy---shyer----shyest
6.你能想出:有些單詞本身是形容詞也是副詞嗎?
①_______________________________;②________________________③___________________
④_______________________________;⑤__________________________
7.你能想出:有些單詞盡管是ly結(jié)尾,但其實是形容詞嗎?
①_______________________________;②________________________③___________________
④_______________________________
四、兩者比較常用句型歸納
1.兩者比較用比較級+than
①Heistallerthanher.②Ourclassroomisbiggerthantheirs.
2.比…更…得多。
Applesaremuchcheaperthangrapes.
在比較級前可加:much,alittle,alot,even,far,fouryears等詞修飾。
3.“越來越…”比較級+and+比較級(單音節(jié));
moreandmore+原級(多音節(jié))
Theweatherisgettingcoolerandcooler
Theflowersaremoreandmorebeautiful.
4.表示“越.......越…”:“the+比較級,the+比較級
Themoreyoueat,thefatteryou’llbe.(你吃得越多,你就會越胖)
Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou’llmake.你越認(rèn)真,犯的錯誤越少。
5.a(chǎn)s+原級+as
Sheisastallashermother.
Iplaythepianoaswellasmyteacher.
練習(xí)鞏固:
1.Mybrotheris______________________thanI.(我哥哥比我大兩歲)。
2.Mikedraws________________________thanTomdoes.Mike畫的畫比Tom畫的漂亮多了。
3.Thewaterparkisgetting__________________________________(水上公園越來越美麗了)。
4.()_____carefulyiouare,_________mistakesyouwillmake.
A.Themore,themore;B.Thefewer,themoreC.Themore,thefewer.
五.三者以上比較常用句型歸納
1.多者比較用_____________級
Whichisthebest,Lucy’s,Tom’sorLily’s?
Whostudieshardest,A,BorC?
2.最高級+in/of+地點范圍/復(fù)數(shù)名詞
Sheisthestrongestgirlinherclass.
Ofallthestudents,heisthecleverest.
3.“最….的之一”。應(yīng)使用:“Oneof+形容詞最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。
()MissLiisoneof_____ourschool
A.apopularteacherB.themostpopularteacherC.themostpopularteachers
4.“第二/三大“也用最高級?!皌hesecond/thethirdbiggest)
TheYellowRiveris______________________________riverinChina.
六、歷屆中考真題:(1-8是佛山中考真題)
()1.Sheprefersfootballbecauseshethinksit’s_________amongallsports.(2012中考)
A.interestingB.moreinterestingC.themostinteresting
()2.LiNawonthefirstplaceinthefinaltennisgame.Nobodyelseplayed_______!(2010中考)
A.wellB.betterC.best
()3.Itbecomesmuch_____________toprovideenoughenergyforabigcitywithalargerpopulation.
A.difficultB.moredifficultC.mostdifficult(2010中考)
()3.----DoyoulikethesongYouandMe?(2009中考)
----Yes,verymuch.Ihaveneverheard_________.
A.abetteroneB.agoodoneC.thebestone
()4.Withtheincreasingnumberofreaders,_______copiesofthemagazineareneeded.
A.manyB.moreC.most(2008中考)
()5.Thesmileonhisteacher’sfaceshowsthatshewas_____withmywork.(2007中考)
A.angryB.pleasedC.sad
()6.Ifyouwanttoknow__________whatawordmeans,youcanlookitupinadictionary.(2007中考)
A.exactlyB.mostlyC.hardly
()7.“Pleasedon’tbeangrywithme.”SaidAmylaughingly.Thismademeeven_____(2006中考)
A.angryB.angrierC.angriest
()8.(2012.湖南)LiHua’sshoesareas____________asZhangHui’s
A.cheapB.cheaperC.thecheapest
()9.(2012貴州)Ifthereis_____pollution,theairinourcitywillbe_____dirtier.
A.less;moreB.more;muchC.more;more
()10.(2012山東)Breakfastis____mealoftheday.Itprovidesuswithenergyafteralongnightwithoutfood.A.importantB.moreimportantC.themostimportant
()11.(2012呼和浩特)Toliveagreenlife,weshouldtrytosave________energyandproduce_____pollution.A.more,lessB.less,moreC.more,fewer.
()12.Hisgrandparentslives_______inasmallhouse,buttheydon’tfeel______
A.lonely,aloneB.alone,lonelyC.lonely,lonely
七.鞏固練習(xí):
1.他寫字不如我仔細(xì)
He____________write____________________________________me
2.他太小而不能照顧好自己。
Heis________________________________________himselfwell
3.對我們來說英語很重要
It___________________________________________________learnEnglishwell
4.中國變得越來越強大了。Chinaisgetting__________________________________________
5.你幫助我真太好了。It________________________________tohelpme.
相關(guān)推薦
2013年中考英語語法形容詞、副詞考點知識復(fù)習(xí)
老師會對課本中的主要教學(xué)內(nèi)容整理到教案課件中,大家應(yīng)該開始寫教案課件了。我們制定教案課件工作計劃,才能對工作更加有幫助!你們會寫多少教案課件范文呢?為了讓您在使用時更加簡單方便,下面是小編整理的“2013年中考英語語法形容詞、副詞考點知識復(fù)習(xí)”,僅供您在工作和學(xué)習(xí)中參考。
形容詞、副詞(一)知識概要?
形容詞的用法很活躍,在英語中用處也很多,但英語中修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語和詞組有時不同,要特別加以注意。下面將初中學(xué)習(xí)階段中遇到的修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組歸納如下:many,no,several,some,afew,alot,lots,plenty,plentyof,alotof,alargenumberof,enough。而修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或詞組如下:much,no,some,alot,agreatdeal,lots,plenty,alotof,plentyof。?其中some,no,alotof,plentyof既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。?英語中形容詞與副詞有原級、比較級、最高級之分,其規(guī)則如下:?
構(gòu)詞法原級比較級最高級加er,或estTall
youngtaller?
younger
tallest
youngest
只加r或stnice?
large
nicer
larger
nicest?
largest
重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母時雙寫該字母加er、estbig?
fat?
hot
bigger
fatterw
hotter
biggest?
fattest
hottest
不規(guī)則變化的形容詞或副詞:?
原級比較級最高級
goodbetterbest
Wellbetterbest
badworseworst
badlyworseworst
manymoremost
mostmoremost
littlelesslest
farfarther
further
farthest
furthest
oldolder?
elder
oldest?
eldest
要注意的是許多形容詞同時又是副詞,如:back,all,alone,either,far,high,slow等。而有些形容詞則要經(jīng)過一定變化才能轉(zhuǎn)為副詞,其規(guī)律如下:?
構(gòu)詞法形容詞副詞
一般加lyCareful
kind
carefully
kindly
尾是y時將y變成i加lyHappy
busy
easy
Happily
busily
easily
其他true
terrible
full
possible
shy
whole
truly
terribly
fully
possibly
shyly
wholly
在學(xué)習(xí)過程中要注意其變化。?
此外并不是所有副詞都可以修飾比較級和最高級形容詞。能修飾比較級的有:much,yet,far,still,agreatdeal,even和alittle.能修飾最高級的有:thevery,muchthe,far等。?
(二)正誤辨析?
[誤]Theyounglikesplayingfootballverymuch.?
[正]Theyounglikeplayingfootballverymuch.?
[析]定冠詞加形容詞表示一類人,應(yīng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時則要看作單數(shù),如:Thebeautifulisnotalwayskindness.美麗并不總代表善良。?
[誤]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstareover.?
[正]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstisover.?
[析]意為:"危險已經(jīng)過去,最困難的狀況已結(jié)束。"用定冠詞加最高級形容詞作主語時應(yīng)看作單數(shù)形式。?
[誤]Itisthegoldageoftheyoung.?
[正]Itisthegoldenageoftheyoung.?
[析]golden在英語中多用于比喻,如:goldenhair金發(fā),guldenvoice金嗓子。而gold多用于表達(dá)金質(zhì)的,如:agoldbar金條,agoldcoin金幣,但goldfish金魚例外。
[誤]Sheisawarmheartwoman.?
[正]Sheisawarm?heartedwoman.?
[析]英語形容詞的構(gòu)詞法很多,其中之一是由形容詞,或數(shù)詞,加名詞加ed構(gòu)成,如:?warm?hoarted熱心腸的,white?haired白毛的?
[誤]Thereisanalivefishinthepool.?
[正]Thereisalivingfishinthepool.?
[析]在初中范圍內(nèi)所學(xué)到的以a字母開頭的形容詞一般不能作定語,只能作表語。如:Thefishisalive.(魚還活著)這樣的形容詞有:alive,alike,alone,asleep,afraid,awake等。?
[誤]Theillmannearlydied.?
[正]Thesickmannearlydied.?
[析]ill一般不作定語來形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表語時則都可以。如:Heisillsick,ill作定語時則另有他意,如:illluck(厄運),illnature(天性惡劣),illtemper(心緒不好)?
[誤]Ihaveimportantsomethingtotellyou.?
[正]Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.?
[析]不定代詞something,anyone,somebody…在用形容詞修飾時,形容詞應(yīng)放其后。但要注意thing則不是不定代詞,不符合上述規(guī)律。如:Ihaveanimportantthingtotellyou.?
[誤]IllbefreeonnextSunday.?
[正]IllbefreenextSunday.?
[析]在表達(dá)將來時的時候:nextSunday,nextweek,nextyear或lastSundaylastweek,lastyear前都不加介詞。?
[誤]Thegirlistwo?yearold.?
[正]Thegirlistwoyearsold.?
[正]Sheisatwo?year?oldgirl??
[析]由連字符連接若干名詞、數(shù)詞……組成的形容詞,在學(xué)習(xí)時要記住兩點,其一是這些詞中的名詞都不要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:two?thousand?wordreport(兩千字的報告);其二是這樣構(gòu)成的形容詞只能作定語,即用于名詞之前,而不能作表語。?
[誤]TheforeignerslikethoselittlebeautifulChinesepaintings.?
[正]TheforeignerslikethosebeautifullittleChinesepaintings.?
[析]在名詞前若有幾個形容詞作修飾語時,其順序如下。?
1.指示代詞,定冠詞2.數(shù)量詞3.性質(zhì)詞4.大小?5.形狀6.老少,新舊7.顏色8.材料?
但要注意的是英語的習(xí)慣是一個名詞前的形容詞一般不要多于三個。?
如:Whataprettylittlewhitehorse!?
ThosefirstfewshortEnglishstorieswerenotdifficulttounderstand.?
[誤]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishgoodistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.
[正]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.
[析]good是形容詞,這里是修飾動詞speak的,所以應(yīng)用副詞well,但well作形容詞講時只作身體好。如:Heiswell.(他身體很好)。Heisgood.(他是個好人)。?
[誤]Thechildrenplayonthegrassnappyly.?
[正]Thechildrenplayonthegrasshappily??
[析]多音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時應(yīng)將y變?yōu)閕再加ly.?
[誤]Theteacherlookedangryatthestudents.?
[正]Theteacherlookedangrilyatthestudents.?
[析]英語中感觀動詞后面要接形容詞,這時它是修飾主語的,如:Thefoodsmellsgood.食物聞起來很香。Theteacherlookedangry老師看起來很生氣。?而此句的意思為:"老師生氣地看著學(xué)生",所以應(yīng)用副詞形式。?
[誤]Heworkedwithmefriendly.?
[正]Hewasfriendlytome.?
[析]不是所有結(jié)尾是ly的詞都是副詞,但friendly是形容詞,這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ovely,lonely,costly,lively…monthlyweekly…。但其中有些詞既是副詞,又是形容詞,如:early,hourly,monthly…?
[誤]Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofyourfriends.?
[正]Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofyourfriends.?
[析]free作為形容詞意為"自由的,有空閑的,免費的"。作為副詞講則是"免費"之意。而freely作為副詞則是"自由的,隨便的"。這些要注意的詞還有:?hard努力,艱苦hardly幾乎不late遲,晚?lately最近的,最新的near近nearly幾乎?like像likely幾乎?
[誤]Theymusthavearrivedtillnow.?
[正]Theymusthavearrivedbynow.?
[析]bynow是用于表達(dá)到目前為止某一動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,所以應(yīng)用瞬間動詞。而tillnow是強調(diào)某一動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,所以一定要用持續(xù)性動詞。?musthave+過去分詞是對過去某一事情所作的肯定推測。?
[誤]Someonecalledyourightnow.?
[正]Someonecalledyoujustnow.?
[析]justnow有兩個意思,其一是"剛才",其二是"現(xiàn)在",而rightnow只能用于現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。just則用于完成時態(tài),如:Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.?
[誤]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericaatpresent.?
[正]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericapresently.?
[析]presently有兩個意思:其一是最近,不久,其二在美語中是現(xiàn)在之意,與atpresent相同。而forthepresent為暫時,如:IteachEnglishintheschoolforthepresent.
[誤]Illbebackatthemoment.?
[正]Illbebackinamoment.?
[析]atthemoment其意為"現(xiàn)在,當(dāng)時",而inamoment意為"馬上過一會",與inaminute意思相近。?
[誤]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereintime.?
[正]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereontime.?
[析]ontime為"準(zhǔn)時",而intime有兩個含意。其一是"及時",如:Thedoctorarrivedintime。其二是"將來,終究"。?
[誤]Imetanoldfriendsometimeslastmonth.?
[正]Imetanoldfriendsometimelastmonth.?
[析]Sometime過去,或者將來某時。?Sometimes有時?
如:SometimesIgotoschoolbybus.?Sometime一些時間?
如:Ineedsometimetodomyhomework.?Sometimes幾次?
如:IwenttoShanghaisometimesthismonth.?
attimes有時,偶爾?
atalltimes經(jīng)常?
someothertime改天?
[誤]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?
[正]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysbefore.?
[正]Imetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?
*ago用在時間狀語中時,主句中謂語動詞一般用過去時,而before用于時間狀語時則主句的謂語動詞宜用完成時態(tài)。?
[誤]Hestudiedveryhard.andattheendhepassedtheexam.?
[正]Hestudiedveryhard,andintheendhepassedtheexam.?
[析]intheend=atlast意為"最終,終于",表達(dá)經(jīng)過若干努力而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。而attheend是在某事的結(jié)束時如何如何,如:Attheendofclass,theteachergaveussomestorybooks。?
[誤]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueachthreedays.?
[正]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueverythreedays.?
[析]everythreedays為"每三天",即每隔二天,而everyotherday為每隔一天。
[誤]Hedidntgotothecinemayesterday.andIdidntgo,too.?
[正]HedidntgotothecinemayesterdayandIdidntgoeither.?
[析]英語中表示"也",有4個字,also,aswell,too,either,但either用于否定句中,而前3個用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too與aswell一般要用在句尾,而also則可用于句中。如:Shewenttothepartyandherboyfriendwenttheretoo.又如:Ivealsoreadherothernovels.?
[誤]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?
[正]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?
[析]anyway為"不管怎么"講,"無論如何",如:Whataterribleaccident,anywaynoonewashurt.?
anyway為"任何方式"。這種常見的錯誤還發(fā)生在以下幾組詞中,如:?
everyday日常的everyday每天?
faraway遙遠(yuǎn)的faraway遠(yuǎn)離?
altogether總計alltogether一塊,大家一起?
already已經(jīng)allready全準(zhǔn)備好了?
[誤]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.?
[正]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.?
[析]anytime是副詞而anytime中的time是名詞。?
[誤]Shesaidnearlynothing.?
[正]Shesaidalmostnothing.?
[析]nearly與almost的含意相近,在很多場合可以互換,但在否定詞前用almost。
[誤]Therearetoomuchmistakesinyourhomework.?
[正]Therearetoomanymistakesinyourhomework.?
[析]toomuch后接不可數(shù)名詞,如:Thereistoomuchwaterfortheflowers.而toomany后加可數(shù)名詞,muchtoo后面加形容詞,如:ItismuchtoodifficulttolearnEnglishwell.?
[誤]Itislateenoughthatwecangohomenow.?
[正]Itislateenoughforustogohomenow.?
[析]要注意的是enough后面一般不接從句而接不定式,或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):forsomebodytodosomething。?
[誤]Thetwinsareveryalike.?
[正]Thetwinsaremuchalike.?
[析]用a為首字母的形容詞不能用very修飾,一般要用much來修飾。?
[誤]-Howlongdoeshewritetohisparents??
-Onceaweek.?
[正]-Howoftendoeshewritetohisparents??
-Onceaweek.?
[析]英文與中文表達(dá)法不同,隔多長時間辦一次某事,實際上問的是該事發(fā)生的頻率,所以要用howoften。?
[誤]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Illcallupyou.?
[正]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Illcallyouup.?
[析]當(dāng)動詞詞組的賓語是人稱代詞時則一定要放于動詞之后,如果是名詞則可以放在詞組其后。?如:IwanttowatchTV.PleaseturnontheTV.也可以講:PleaseturntheTVon.?
[誤]Hedrovequicklyhisnewcar.?
[正]Hedrovehisnewcarquickly.?
[析]副詞在句中的位置很活,但主要有以下幾種用法:①實意動詞之前,如:Hequicklygivemetheanswer.②在be動詞之后,如:Thelittleboyisoftenlateforclass.③第一助動詞之后,如:Thisbookhasalmostbeenfinished.④在單獨使用的be動詞和助動詞之前,如:Canyouhelpmethisafternoon??Icertainlycan.?但是無論如何也不能將副詞置于動詞與賓語之間,如果是賓語從句或是很長的名詞
詞組作賓語則才可以這樣用:?
Heheardclearlywhattheteachersaid.?
[誤]Thechildrencamelateyesterdaytothecinema.?
[正]Thechildrencamelatetothecinemayesterday.?
[析]表示一定長度的時間的副詞不應(yīng)放于句中,可放于句尾。如果表示強調(diào)則可放于句首。
[誤]Youhavefewnewbooks,haventyou??
[正]youhavefewnewbooks,haveyou??
[析]英語中的數(shù)量形容詞有兩組。修飾可數(shù)名詞的有few(很少,幾乎沒有),afew(有一些,幾個);修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle(很少,幾乎沒有),alittle(有一點,有一些)。要注意的是當(dāng)few和little用于句中時應(yīng)看作否定句,而afew和alittle用于句中時則應(yīng)看作是肯定句。
[誤]Hespentquitelittlemoneyonhisfood.?
[正]Hespentquitealittlemoneyonhisfood.?
[析]quitea為一固定用法,其意為"十分,相當(dāng),所以"。quiteafew=many,quitealittle=much而onlyalittle=little,onlyafew=few.?
[誤]Doyouwanttohavemanybread??
[正]Doyouwanttohavesomebread??
[析]some與any都可以用作形容詞、副詞或代詞,在一般情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于疑問句和否定句,但在希望得到肯定答復(fù)時,應(yīng)用some。其次是some可以用來修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]Pleasetellmewheretheshoesshopis??
[正]Pleasetellmewheretheshoeshopis.?
[析]在用名詞作修飾詞來修飾另一名詞時,這個作修飾詞的名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,如:?
ashoeshop鞋店
afruitshop水果店
abookshop書店?
apostoffice郵局
apolicestation警察局
abusstop汽車站?
[誤]Heisweakatphysics.?
[正]Heisweakinphysics.?
[析]在表達(dá)擅長于作某事時用begoodatsomething,而其反意詞為bebadatsomething,但beweakinsomething。?
[誤]Thisdictionaryisworthtobuy.?
[正]Thisdictionaryisworthbuying.?
[析]beworth后可接動、名詞表達(dá)值得作某事,又可接價格、金錢表示值多少錢。?
[誤]Dontafraidofthat.?
[正]Dontbeafraidofthat.?
[析]afraid在英文中是形容詞而不是動詞。這樣的詞組還有:?
beafraidof害怕becarefulof小心?
becertainof有把握,確定besureof確信?
begladof高興besickof厭惡?
befondof喜歡?
[誤]Theworkhasalreadybeendonewell.?
[正]Theworkhasalreadybeenwelldone.?
[析]well與badly作副詞時,表示好壞,如果句子是被動語態(tài),則應(yīng)放在過去分詞之前,如:Thismachinehasbeenbadlydamaged.如果句子是主動語態(tài),則應(yīng)放于句末,如:Ididmyhomeworkwell.?
[誤]Weareyetintheclassroomnow.?
[正]Wearealreadyintheclassroomnow.?
[析]already主要用于肯定句,而yet多用于否定句和疑問句中,如:
Didyoufinishit?No.notyet.?
[誤]Look.Herecomeshe!?
[正]Look!Herehecomes!?
[誤]Look!Herethebuscomes!?
[正]Look!Herecomesthebus!?
[析]在句子開頭用Here時,如主語是人稱代詞則不要用倒裝語序,如果主語是名詞則要用倒裝語序。?
[誤]Sheismyoldersister.?
[正]Sheismyeldersister.?
[析]elder和eldest是用來指家庭中兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系,而older,oldest則是指歲數(shù)大多少,如:SheisthreeyearsolderthanI.?
[誤]Imtired.Icantgofurther.?
[正]Imtired.Icantgofarther.?
[析]far有兩個比較級farther較遠(yuǎn)的,further進一步的,如:Doyouneedanyfurtherexplanation?你需要進一步的解釋嗎?當(dāng)然它也有兩個最高級。farthest和furthest.?
[誤]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsbefore.?
[正]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsago.?
[析]ago常與過去時連用,而before則多與完成時連用。?
[誤]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??
-No,notalready.?
[正]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??
-No,notyet.?
[析]仍然有三個英文字可以表達(dá)它們是already,yet與still。要注意的是already經(jīng)常用于肯定句中,如Thebushasalreadygone。而yet多用于疑問句和否定句中,如:Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?而still則常用于主語與謂語動詞之間,如:Westillcantdecidewhattodo.但也有時用于be動詞之后,如:Heisstillhere.?
[誤]HeisveryhigherthanIam.?
[正]HeismuchhigherthanIam.?
[析]much可以用來修飾比較級,而very則用來修飾形容詞原級,如:Imverytired.
[誤]-CanIwalktothestation??-Youdbetternot.Itisveryfar.?
[正]-CanIwalktothestation??
-Youdbetternot,Itisalongway.?
[析]for一般用在疑問句與否定句中,如:Howfarisitfromheretothestation?又如:Itisntfar.?
[誤]IveeverbeentoAmerica.?
[正]IvebeentoAmericaonce.?
[析]once多用于肯定句,而ever則用于疑問句,否定句,及條件狀語從句中,如:HaveyoueverbeentoLondon??
[誤]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??
-No,Iamnotafraidso.?
[正]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??
-No,Imafraidnot.?
[析]在肯定的答語中我們可以用so來代替上句所講的事件,如:Doyouthinksheisagoodstudent?YesIthinkso,/Ihopeso,/Ibelieveso/Imafraidso.但在否定的答語中,英語口語的習(xí)慣用法則有所不同,如,Idontthinkso而在hope,belive與afraid后則常用not,如:Ihopenot.?
[誤]Shedidntworkenoughhard,soshecouldntpasstheexam.?
[正]Shedidntworkhardenough,soshecouldntpasstheexam.?
[析]enough可以作名詞用,如:EnoughhasbeensaidforhowtolearnEnglishwell.(對于如何學(xué)好英語已經(jīng)講的足夠多了。)?另外它可以作為形容詞,如:Ihaveenoughmoney(ormoneyenough)tobuythisdictionary.注意enough作為形容詞時即可放于名詞前又可放于名詞后,在初中范圍的考題中多用于名詞之前。如果enough作為副詞用,那么它一定要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。?
[誤]Youcantbeverycareful.?
[正]Youcantbetoocareful.?
[析]此句話的含意是你如何小心也不過分。too…to的用法是"太……以至于不能作某事"。但在實際應(yīng)用時也常常將后面的to省去,如:Itistooexpensiveforme.那對我來講是太貴了。?
[誤]Heisgoodpastfifty.?
[正]Heiswellpastfifty.?
[析]well作為副詞用時除用于"好"之外還有"大大地、遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地",等意。往往有人對下面兩句的對或錯有爭議;?
Heiswell.?
Heisgood.?
其實這兩句都是正確的表達(dá)法,只不過其含意不同。Heiswell是"他身體不錯",而Heisgood則為"他是個好人"。?
[誤]Sheisnotashalfcleverasherbrother.?
[正]Sheisnothalfascleverasherbrother.
[析]在as…as結(jié)構(gòu)中要將修飾形容詞的數(shù)量詞倍數(shù)及nearly,almost,exactly…等置?于第一?個as之前。?
[誤]HeissameageasTom.?
[正]HeisthesameageasTom.?
[析]thesame…as是固定的用法,其中定冠詞the是不可省也不能換成別的詞的。?
[誤]Motherandherdaughterareexactlylike.?
[正]Motherandherdaughterareexactlyalike.?
*like作為介詞,其意為"像",應(yīng)用于looklike,belike,soundlike,其后要加賓語。而?alike?是形容詞,或副詞,如:YouandIthinkalike.Thetwinsaredressedalike。但alike僅作表語而不能用于名詞前作定語。?
[誤]Whoistallerofthetwo??
[正]Whoisthetallerofthetwo??
[析]兩者的比較級之前要加定冠詞。?
[誤]IhavelessbooksthanTom.?
[正]IhavefewerbooksthanTom.?
[析]less是little的比較級,而fewer是few的比較級。less后應(yīng)加不可數(shù)名詞而fewer后是可數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.TheclevererisMary.?
[正]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.ThecleverestisMary.?
[析]在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級,在三者之間或三者以上的范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用最高級。?
[誤]Theboysatthereasquietashissister.?
[正]Theboysatthereasquietlyashissister.?
[析]as…as的用法要注意的是:①在其中間應(yīng)加形容詞或副詞的原級,而不可加比較級,也有的語法書中稱為同級比較。②要根據(jù)句意決定是加形容詞還是副詞,這要看它具體是修飾動詞還是名詞而定,如:Heisasgoodashisfriend.?
[誤]Theharderyoustudy,andyoucanlearnmore.?
[正]Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn.?
[析]英文中如果要表達(dá)越來越怎樣,在初中范圍有兩種表達(dá)法:①比較級+and+比較級。②定冠詞+比較級……,如:Thenightsaregettinglongerandlonger。要注意的是多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級前要加more,這樣的用法是:moreandmore加形容詞,如:Thegirlisgrowingmoreandmorebeautiful.?
[誤]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingastolearnEnglish.
[正]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingaslearningEnglish.?
[析]在作比較時,英語一般要求對比的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致。如用動名詞,應(yīng)都用動名詞,用不定式時則都用不定式。但有時在后一個不定式前的符號to可以省略。如:Torepairtheoldoneisasmuchexpensiveas(to)buyanewone.?
[誤]Thegirlismoreclevererthantheboy.?
[正]Thegirlismuchmoreclever(muchcleverer)thantheboy.?
[析]clever有兩個比較級:cleverer和moreclever,要注意的是不能用比較級來修飾比較級。?clever的兩個比較級也各有不同之處,如用在兩種不同性質(zhì)的比較時多用moreclever,如:Heismorecleverthanhonest.(他的聰明要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過其誠實。)?
[析]Theboyisthetallesttothethree.?
[正]Theboyisthetallestofthethree.?
[析]最高級的范圍要用of加復(fù)數(shù)形式或加集合名詞。?
[誤]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionary.?
[正]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionaries.?
[析]在oneof后面最高級形容詞后要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。?
[誤]ThisdictionaryisthemuchbestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.
[正]ThisdictionaryismuchthebestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.
[析]在修飾最高級時應(yīng)用far/byfar/much加the加最高級。但very例外,如:Heistheverybestplayerintheteam.?
[誤]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercitiesinChina.?
[正]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.?
[析]在比較級中表示比較對象時如用anyother其后一般要加單數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]MostofstoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[正]MostofthestoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[正]MoststoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[析]"大多數(shù)"一詞的表達(dá)法有mostofthe+名詞,或most+名詞。當(dāng)用前一種結(jié)構(gòu)時,其后面的定冠詞不可少。?
[誤]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthisroom.?
[正]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthatofthisroom.?
[析]比較級用于兩句話之間時,比較的部分不可省略掉,但為了避免重復(fù),一般都要用that代替前面的單數(shù)名詞,而用those代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:Thebooksinthatboxarebiggerthanthoseinthisbox。?
[誤]Heisnomorehere.Maybeheisathome.?
[正]Heisnolongerhere.Maybeheisathome.?
[析]nomore在現(xiàn)代英語中多譯為:"從此再也不會了",如:Hisvoiceisnomorehere.他已經(jīng)去世了,他的聲音不可能再出現(xiàn)了。而用nolonger表達(dá)目前的狀態(tài)。要注意下面幾組句子的實際含意:?Thisroomisnocleanerthanthatone.即兩間屋子都不干凈。(兩者都不干凈)Thisroomisnotcleanerthanthatone,即這屋子不如那間干凈。(前者不如后者干凈。即一間干凈,一間不干凈。)?
(三)例題解析?
1?IthinkChineseis___thanmaths.?
A.interestingB?moreinteresting?
C.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting?
[答案]B.?
[析]在有than作比較的句子中應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級。?
2?-WhatdoesLucylikebetter,singingordancing??
-Singing.ofcourse.Shesknownto___it.?
A.begoodatB.begoodfor
C.bebadatD.bebadfor?
[答案]A.?
[析]begoodat為固定搭配,意為"擅長作某事"。初中英語中有些這樣的固定用法應(yīng)記牢,而不能似是而非。如:?begoodat,bebadat,bepoorin,beweekin,befitfor?
3?TheHuangHeRiverisoneof___inChina.?
A.ThelongriverB.thelongestriver?
C.thelongestriversD.thelongerriver?
[答案]C.?
[析]在oneof+定冠詞+最高級之后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。?
4?Thegirlwas___afraid___shethrewherbagaway.?
A.so,thatB.too,toC.too,thatD.enough,to?
[答案]A.?
[析]so…that為"如此怎樣以至于如何",此句意思是:小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。而too…to的意思為"如何如何,以至于不能作某事"。但to的后面是動詞原形,而不是從句。?
5?Itwas___yesterdaythantoday.?
A.hotB.hoter
C.hotterD.thehottest?
[答案]C.?
[析]用than表達(dá)比較的句中應(yīng)用比較級。?
6?Whichsubjectdoyoulike___,EnglishChineseormaths??
A.bestB.well
C.betterD.good?
[答案]A.?
[析]在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級,而在三者之間或三者以上用最高級。?
7?Noneofthestudentswatchedit___.?
A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefully
C.carefullyenoughD.enoughcareful?
[答案]C.?
[析]首先應(yīng)判定是選用用來修飾名詞的形容詞還是用來修飾動詞的副詞。這里是修飾watch這一動詞,應(yīng)選用副詞。當(dāng)enough用來修飾副詞或形容詞時應(yīng)放于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。?
8?___sheeats,___shellbe.?
A.More…fatB.Themore…fatter?
C.More…thefatterD.Themore…thefatter?
[答案]D.?
[析]the+比較級表示"越來越……"本句應(yīng)譯為:她吃得越多,她就會越胖。?
9?IdontthinkEnglishis___Chinese.?
A.asimportantasB.notimportantas?
C.notsoimportantD.importantas?
[答案]A.?
[析]think+賓語從句時,應(yīng)采用否定主句的形式,如:中文講,"我認(rèn)為你不對",英文應(yīng)為:"我不認(rèn)為你對"。Idontthinkyouareright.所以不能選答案B。而C、D均為不正確的表達(dá)法。?
10?MissGaoisagoodEnglishteacher.Thestudentsinherclass___English.?A.areinterestedinB.areinterestingin?
C.areinterestedatD.areinterestingto?
[答案]A.?
[析]過去分詞常用來修飾人,而現(xiàn)在分詞常用來修飾物,如:aninterestingbook,實際上過去分詞含有被動之意,如:interested其含意是"被……所吸引,感動"。而interesting則為"使人感興趣的",如:aninterestingman一個有趣、風(fēng)趣的人。?
11?Thetwinsaretogethermostofthetime.Sotheyneverfeel___.?
A.aloneB.lonely
C.happilyD.friendly?
[答案]B.?
[析]alone意為"獨自的,一個人的",它只能作表語不能作定語。Iamnotaloneindoingsuchathing.而lonely意為"寂寞的,孤單的",如:Theoldmanfeltlonely.要體會兩個詞的區(qū)別,如:Theoldmanlivedalone,buthedidntfeellonely.?
12?Whata___cough!Youseem___ill.?
A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terrible?
C.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly?
[答案]A.?
[析]terrible是形容詞,而terribly是副詞,第一個空是修飾名詞的,所以應(yīng)填入形容詞。第二個空ill是形容詞,這里terribly是用來修飾ill的。?
13?Thetwofriendswere___pleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgoteverything.?A.soB.too
C.veryD.much?
[答案]A.?
[析]這里用的是so…that的固定搭配。?
14?Whichis___,LiLeisboxorHanMeimeisbox??
A.heavyB.heavier
C.moreheavierD.theheaviest?
[答案]B.?
[析]兩者之間用比較級,三者或以上用最高級。?
15?YoudontlikethesamecoloursandIdontlikethem,___.?
A.tooB.also
C.eitherD.neither?
[答案]C.?
[析]在否定句中也應(yīng)用either,而不要用too,因too用于肯定句中。?
16?Jimis___atallhislessons.AndImsurehelldovery___intheexams.?
A.well,goodB.good,well
C.well,wellD.good,good
[答案]B.?
[析]good為形容詞,如:Heisgood.他是個好人。而well作為身體狀況的好壞講時是形容詞,如:Heiswell為他身體不錯,而作為其他意思時為副詞,如:HespeaksEnglishwell.?
17?Youlook___thanbefore,why??
A.morethinB.morethinner
C.muchmorethinD.muchthinner?
[答案]D.?
[析]多音節(jié)形容詞才用more或most加形容詞來表示其比較級或最高級,而thin的比較級為thinner。?
18?Letsgooutforsuppernow.Imvery___.?
A.hungryB.angry
C.tiredD.thirsty?
[答案]A.?
[析]hungry-餓,angry-生氣,tired-緊,疲勞,thirsty-口渴。要注意名詞的詞義。?
19?-Canyouunderstandme??
-Sorry,Ican___understandyou.?
A.hardlyB.almost
C.evenD.ever?
[答案]A.?
[析]hardly為一否定詞,用在句中時應(yīng)被看作是否定句。在答語中Sorry決定了其意為"聽不明白",所以只能選hardly。?
20?"___doyouwritetoyourpenfriend?"?
"Abouttwiceamonth."?
A.HowoftenB.Howsoon
C.HowmuchD.Howlong?
[答案]A.?
[析]howoften用來提問某一動作經(jīng)多久就要發(fā)生一次,也就是提問發(fā)生的頻率。howsoon是問從現(xiàn)在起還有多久。?
21?ChangjiangRiveris___riverinChina??
A.longB.longer
C.longestD.thelongest?
[答案]D.?
22?Illwork___Ican.?
A.sohardlyasB.sohardas
C.ashardlyasD.ashardas?
[答案]D.?
[析]hard可用作形容詞和副詞,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood?又如:Itisraininghard。而hardly是副詞,其詞義是"幾乎不",如:HardlydidIsleeplastnight.我昨晚幾乎沒有睡覺。而且hardly用于句首時要采用倒裝語序。as…as即可以用于肯定句,也可以用于否定句,但so…as則只能用于否定句中。?
23?Itisvery___tolistentohim.?
A.interestedB.interesting
C.interestedinD.interest?
[答案]B.?
[析]interest作為名詞有兩個詞義,①興趣,②銀行中所講的利息。而其形容詞interesting是"使人感興趣的",而interested是"感興趣的"如:HeisinterestedinEnglish.?
24?Thingsare___worsethanIthought.?
A.moreB.few
C.veryD.much?
[答案]D.?
[析]只有much可以修飾比較級。?
25?Itisoneoclock,butherfatherhasntcomeback___.?
A.alreadyB.still
C.tooD.yet?
[答案]D.?
[析]完成時的否定句尾要用yet,而already則用于肯定句。?
26?ComradeChenis___olderthanI.?
A.veryB.more
C.muchD.quite?
[答案]C.?
[析]只有much可以修飾比較級??梢孕揎棻容^級的詞還有much,far,evenalittle,byfar等。?
27?Shedidherhomework___.?
A.carefullyB.careful
C.careD.careless?
[答案]A.?
[析]這里應(yīng)填入副詞,而careless是由care加less后輟得來的,less意為"沒有",是否定之意,如:careless-不小心,homeless-無家可歸。而carefully為副詞。?
28?TheycantanswerthequestioninJapanese;wecantanswerit,___.?A.alsoB.too
C.eitherD.neither?
[答案]C.?
29?-Howareyourparents??
-Theyarevery___,thankyou.?
A.goodB.kind
C.wellD.happy?
[答案]C.?
[析]由問句得知其詢問的是身體如何,所以well作為身體狀況不錯時應(yīng)視為形容詞。?30?Peterruns___inourclass.?
A.thefastB.faster
C.fastestD.mostfast?
[答案]C.?
[析]副詞的最高級前可以加定冠詞,也可以不加定冠詞。?
31?Wewereall___gladthatwesanganddanced.?
A.suchB.so
C.veryD.quite?
[答案]B.?
[析]在so與that之間只有形容詞時不可用such。?
32?Katesings___Joan.?
A.aswellasB.asgoodas
C.sogoodasD.asbetteras?
[答案]A.?
[析]這里well為副詞,意為"唱得好"。?
33?Thiseggsmells___,thoughitlooksallright.?
A.goodB.well
C.badD?badly?
[答案]C.?
[析]smell為系動詞,其后應(yīng)加形容詞,而不是副詞。同樣的詞,還有sound,feel,seem、become(變成)等等,如:Icefeelscoldinwinter.?
34?Waitaminute,Ihave___totellyou.?
A.somethinginterestedB.somethinginteresting?
C.interestingsomethingD.anythinginteresting?
[答案]B.?
[析]修飾不定代詞的修飾詞要放在不定代詞之后。?
35?Ishallvisityou___nextyear.?
A.sometimesB.sometime
C.sometimeD.sometimes?
[答案]B.?
[析]sometimes有時,sometime某一時刻,sometime一段時間,sometimes若干次?
36?Mysistersaidshewouldtrytospeak___Englisheveryday.?
A.alittleB.afew
C.litttleD.few?
[答案]A.?
[析]little修飾不可數(shù)名詞,而alittle意為"一些,一點"。?
37?Ihave___friendshereandIoftenvisitthem.?
A.fewB.little
C.afewD.alittle?
[答案]C.?
[析]afew意為"有些",few后面要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。?
38?Ofallthesebooks,doyouthink,whichoneis___??
A.interestingB.muchinteresting?
C.moreinterestingD.themostinteresting?
[答案]D.?
[析]Ofallthesebooks是用來表示最高級的范圍
2011屆中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí):形容詞、副詞復(fù)習(xí)?
形容詞、副詞?
(一)知識概要?
形容詞的用法很活躍,在英語中用處也很多,但英語中修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語和詞組有時不同,要特別加以注意。下面將初中學(xué)習(xí)階段中遇到的修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組歸納如下:many,no,several,some,afew,alot,lots,plenty,plentyof,alotof,alargenumberof,enough。而修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或詞組如下:much,no,some,alot,agreatdeal,lots,plenty,alotof,plentyof。?其中some,no,alotof,plentyof既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。?英語中形容詞與副詞有原級、比較級、最高級之分,其規(guī)則如下:?
構(gòu)詞法原級比較級最高級加er,或estTall
youngtaller?
younger
tallest
youngest
只加r或stnice?
large
nicer
larger
nicest?
largest
重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母時雙寫該字母加er、estbig?
fat?
hot
bigger
fatter
hotter
biggest?
fattest
hottest
不規(guī)則變化的形容詞或副詞:?
原級比較級最高級
goodbetterbest
Wellbetterbest
badworseworst
badlyworseworst
manymoremost
mostmoremost
littlelesslest
farfarther
further
farthest
furthest
oldolder?
elder
oldest?
eldest
要注意的是許多形容詞同時又是副詞,如:back,all,alone,either,far,high,slow等。而有些形容詞則要經(jīng)過一定變化才能轉(zhuǎn)為副詞,其規(guī)律如下:?
構(gòu)詞法形容詞副詞
一般加lyCareful
kind
carefully
kindly
尾是y時將y變成i加lyHappy
busy
easy
Happily
busily
easily
其他true
terrible
full
possible
shy
whole
truly
terribly
fully
possibly
shyly
wholly
在學(xué)習(xí)過程中要注意其變化。?
此外并不是所有副詞都可以修飾比較級和最高級形容詞。能修飾比較級的有:much,yet,far,still,agreatdeal,even和alittle.能修飾最高級的有:thevery,muchthe,far等。?
(二)正誤辨析?
[誤]Theyounglikesplayingfootballverymuch.?
[正]Theyounglikeplayingfootballverymuch.?
[析]定冠詞加形容詞表示一類人,應(yīng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時則要看作單數(shù),如:Thebeautifulisnotalwayskindness.美麗并不總代表善良。?
[誤]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstareover.?
[正]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstisover.?
[析]意為:"危險已經(jīng)過去,最困難的狀況已結(jié)束。"用定冠詞加最高級形容詞作主語時應(yīng)看作單數(shù)形式。?
[誤]Itisthegoldageoftheyoung.?
[正]Itisthegoldenageoftheyoung.?
[析]golden在英語中多用于比喻,如:goldenhair金發(fā),guldenvoice金嗓子。而gold多用于表達(dá)金質(zhì)的,如:agoldbar金條,agoldcoin金幣,但goldfish金魚例外。
[誤]Sheisawarmheartwoman.?
[正]Sheisawarm?heartedwoman.?
[析]英語形容詞的構(gòu)詞法很多,其中之一是由形容詞,或數(shù)詞,加名詞加ed構(gòu)成,如:?warm?hoarted熱心腸的,white?haired白毛的?
[誤]Thereisanalivefishinthepool.?
[正]Thereisalivingfishinthepool.?
[析]在初中范圍內(nèi)所學(xué)到的以a字母開頭的形容詞一般不能作定語,只能作表語。如:Thefishisalive.(魚還活著)這樣的形容詞有:alive,alike,alone,asleep,afraid,awake等。?
[誤]Theillmannearlydied.?
[正]Thesickmannearlydied.?
[析]ill一般不作定語來形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表語時則都可以。如:Heisillsick,ill作定語時則另有他意,如:illluck(厄運),illnature(天性惡劣),illtemper(心緒不好)?
[誤]Ihaveimportantsomethingtotellyou.?
[正]Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.?
[析]不定代詞something,anyone,somebody…在用形容詞修飾時,形容詞應(yīng)放其后。但要注意thing則不是不定代詞,不符合上述規(guī)律。如:Ihaveanimportantthingtotellyou.?
[誤]IllbefreeonnextSunday.?
[正]IllbefreenextSunday.?
[析]在表達(dá)將來時的時候:nextSunday,nextweek,nextyear或lastSundaylastweek,lastyear前都不加介詞。?
[誤]Thegirlistwo?yearold.?
[正]Thegirlistwoyearsold.?
[正]Sheisatwo?year?oldgirl??
[析]由連字符連接若干名詞、數(shù)詞……組成的形容詞,在學(xué)習(xí)時要記住兩點,其一是這些詞中的名詞都不要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:two?thousand?wordreport(兩千字的報告);其二是這樣構(gòu)成的形容詞只能作定語,即用于名詞之前,而不能作表語。?
[誤]TheforeignerslikethoselittlebeautifulChinesepaintings.?
[正]TheforeignerslikethosebeautifullittleChinesepaintings.?
[析]在名詞前若有幾個形容詞作修飾語時,其順序如下。?
1.指示代詞,定冠詞2.數(shù)量詞3.性質(zhì)詞4.大小?5.形狀6.老少,新舊7.顏色8.材料?
但要注意的是英語的習(xí)慣是一個名詞前的形容詞一般不要多于三個。?
如:Whataprettylittlewhitehorse!?
ThosefirstfewshortEnglishstorieswerenotdifficulttounderstand.?
[誤]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishgoodistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.
[正]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.
[析]good是形容詞,這里是修飾動詞speak的,所以應(yīng)用副詞well,但well作形容詞講時只作身體好。如:Heiswell.(他身體很好)。Heisgood.(他是個好人)。?
[誤]Thechildrenplayonthegrassnappyly.?
[正]Thechildrenplayonthegrasshappily??
[析]多音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時應(yīng)將y變?yōu)閕再加ly.?
[誤]Theteacherlookedangryatthestudents.?
[正]Theteacherlookedangrilyatthestudents.?
[析]英語中感觀動詞后面要接形容詞,這時它是修飾主語的,如:Thefoodsmellsgood.食物聞起來很香。Theteacherlookedangry老師看起來很生氣。?而此句的意思為:"老師生氣地看著學(xué)生",所以應(yīng)用副詞形式。?
[誤]Heworkedwithmefriendly.?
[正]Hewasfriendlytome.?
[析]不是所有結(jié)尾是ly的詞都是副詞,但friendly是形容詞,這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ovely,lonely,costly,lively…monthlyweekly…。但其中有些詞既是副詞,又是形容詞,如:early,hourly,monthly…?
[誤]Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofyourfriends.?
[正]Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofyourfriends.?
[析]free作為形容詞意為"自由的,有空閑的,免費的"。作為副詞講則是"免費"之意。而freely作為副詞則是"自由的,隨便的"。這些要注意的詞還有:?hard努力,艱苦hardly幾乎不late遲,晚?lately最近的,最新的near近nearly幾乎?like像likely幾乎?
[誤]Theymusthavearrivedtillnow.?
[正]Theymusthavearrivedbynow.?
[析]bynow是用于表達(dá)到目前為止某一動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,所以應(yīng)用瞬間動詞。而tillnow是強調(diào)某一動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,所以一定要用持續(xù)性動詞。?musthave+過去分詞是對過去某一事情所作的肯定推測。?
[誤]Someonecalledyourightnow.?
[正]Someonecalledyoujustnow.?
[析]justnow有兩個意思,其一是"剛才",其二是"現(xiàn)在",而rightnow只能用于現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。just則用于完成時態(tài),如:Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.?
[誤]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericaatpresent.?
[正]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericapresently.?
[析]presently有兩個意思:其一是最近,不久,其二在美語中是現(xiàn)在之意,與atpresent相同。而forthepresent為暫時,如:IteachEnglishintheschoolforthepresent.
[誤]Illbebackatthemoment.?
[正]Illbebackinamoment.?
[析]atthemoment其意為"現(xiàn)在,當(dāng)時",而inamoment意為"馬上過一會",與inaminute意思相近。?
[誤]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereintime.?
[正]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereontime.?
[析]ontime為"準(zhǔn)時",而intime有兩個含意。其一是"及時",如:Thedoctorarrivedintime。其二是"將來,終究"。?
[誤]Imetanoldfriendsometimeslastmonth.?
[正]Imetanoldfriendsometimelastmonth.?
[析]Sometime過去,或者將來某時。?Sometimes有時?
如:SometimesIgotoschoolbybus.?Sometime一些時間?
如:Ineedsometimetodomyhomework.?Sometimes幾次?
如:IwenttoShanghaisometimesthismonth.?
attimes有時,偶爾?
atalltimes經(jīng)常?
someothertime改天?
[誤]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?
[正]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysbefore.?
[正]Imetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?
*ago用在時間狀語中時,主句中謂語動詞一般用過去時,而before用于時間狀語時則主句的謂語動詞宜用完成時態(tài)。?
[誤]Hestudiedveryhard.andattheendhepassedtheexam.?
[正]Hestudiedveryhard,andintheendhepassedtheexam.?
[析]intheend=atlast意為"最終,終于",表達(dá)經(jīng)過若干努力而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。而attheend是在某事的結(jié)束時如何如何,如:Attheendofclass,theteachergaveussomestorybooks。?
[誤]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueachthreedays.?
[正]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueverythreedays.?
[析]everythreedays為"每三天",即每隔二天,而everyotherday為每隔一天。
[誤]Hedidntgotothecinemayesterday.andIdidntgo,too.?
[正]HedidntgotothecinemayesterdayandIdidntgoeither.?
[析]英語中表示"也",有4個字,also,aswell,too,either,但either用于否定句中,而前3個用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too與aswell一般要用在句尾,而also則可用于句中。如:Shewenttothepartyandherboyfriendwenttheretoo.又如:Ivealsoreadherothernovels.?
[誤]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?
[正]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?
[析]anyway為"不管怎么"講,"無論如何",如:Whataterribleaccident,anywaynoonewashurt.?
anyway為"任何方式"。這種常見的錯誤還發(fā)生在以下幾組詞中,如:?
everyday日常的everyday每天?
faraway遙遠(yuǎn)的faraway遠(yuǎn)離?
altogether總計alltogether一塊,大家一起?
already已經(jīng)allready全準(zhǔn)備好了?
[誤]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.?
[正]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.?
[析]anytime是副詞而anytime中的time是名詞。?
[誤]Shesaidnearlynothing.?
[正]Shesaidalmostnothing.?
[析]nearly與almost的含意相近,在很多場合可以互換,但在否定詞前用almost。
[誤]Therearetoomuchmistakesinyourhomework.?
[正]Therearetoomanymistakesinyourhomework.?
[析]toomuch后接不可數(shù)名詞,如:Thereistoomuchwaterfortheflowers.而toomany后加可數(shù)名詞,muchtoo后面加形容詞,如:ItismuchtoodifficulttolearnEnglishwell.?
[誤]Itislateenoughthatwecangohomenow.?
[正]Itislateenoughforustogohomenow.?
[析]要注意的是enough后面一般不接從句而接不定式,或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):forsomebodytodosomething。?
[誤]Thetwinsareveryalike.?
[正]Thetwinsaremuchalike.?
[析]用a為首字母的形容詞不能用very修飾,一般要用much來修飾。?
[誤]-Howlongdoeshewritetohisparents??
-Onceaweek.?
[正]-Howoftendoeshewritetohisparents??
-Onceaweek.?
[析]英文與中文表達(dá)法不同,隔多長時間辦一次某事,實際上問的是該事發(fā)生的頻率,所以要用howoften。?
[誤]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Illcallupyou.?
[正]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Illcallyouup.?
[析]當(dāng)動詞詞組的賓語是人稱代詞時則一定要放于動詞之后,如果是名詞則可以放在詞組其后。?如:IwanttowatchTV.PleaseturnontheTV.也可以講:PleaseturntheTVon.?
[誤]Hedrovequicklyhisnewcar.?
[正]Hedrovehisnewcarquickly.?
[析]副詞在句中的位置很活,但主要有以下幾種用法:①實意動詞之前,如:Hequicklygivemetheanswer.②在be動詞之后,如:Thelittleboyisoftenlateforclass.③第一助動詞之后,如:Thisbookhasalmostbeenfinished.④在單獨使用的be動詞和助動詞之前,如:Canyouhelpmethisafternoon??Icertainlycan.?但是無論如何也不能將副詞置于動詞與賓語之間,如果是賓語從句或是很長的名詞
詞組作賓語則才可以這樣用:?
Heheardclearlywhattheteachersaid.?
[誤]Thechildrencamelateyesterdaytothecinema.?
[正]Thechildrencamelatetothecinemayesterday.?
[析]表示一定長度的時間的副詞不應(yīng)放于句中,可放于句尾。如果表示強調(diào)則可放于句首。
[誤]Youhavefewnewbooks,haventyou??
[正]youhavefewnewbooks,haveyou??
[析]英語中的數(shù)量形容詞有兩組。修飾可數(shù)名詞的有few(很少,幾乎沒有),afew(有一些,幾個);修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle(很少,幾乎沒有),alittle(有一點,有一些)。要注意的是當(dāng)few和little用于句中時應(yīng)看作否定句,而afew和alittle用于句中時則應(yīng)看作是肯定句。
[誤]Hespentquitelittlemoneyonhisfood.?
[正]Hespentquitealittlemoneyonhisfood.?
[析]quitea為一固定用法,其意為"十分,相當(dāng),所以"。quiteafew=many,quitealittle=much而onlyalittle=little,onlyafew=few.
[誤]Doyouwanttohavemanybread??
[正]Doyouwanttohavesomebread??
[析]some與any都可以用作形容詞、副詞或代詞,在一般情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于疑問句和否定句,但在希望得到肯定答復(fù)時,應(yīng)用some。其次是some可以用來修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]Pleasetellmewheretheshoesshopis??
[正]Pleasetellmewheretheshoeshopis.?
[析]在用名詞作修飾詞來修飾另一名詞時,這個作修飾詞的名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,如:?
ashoeshop鞋店
afruitshop水果店
abookshop書店?
apostoffice郵局
apolicestation警察局
abusstop汽車站?
[誤]Heisweakatphysics.?
[正]Heisweakinphysics.?
[析]在表達(dá)擅長于作某事時用begoodatsomething,而其反意詞為bebadatsomething,但beweakinsomething。?
[誤]Thisdictionaryisworthtobuy.?
[正]Thisdictionaryisworthbuying.?
[析]beworth后可接動、名詞表達(dá)值得作某事,又可接價格、金錢表示值多少錢。?
[誤]Dontafraidofthat.?
[正]Dontbeafraidofthat.?
[析]afraid在英文中是形容詞而不是動詞。這樣的詞組還有:?
beafraidof害怕becarefulof小心?
becertainof有把握,確定besureof確信?
begladof高興besickof厭惡?
befondof喜歡?
[誤]Theworkhasalreadybeendonewell.?
[正]Theworkhasalreadybeenwelldone.?
[析]well與badly作副詞時,表示好壞,如果句子是被動語態(tài),則應(yīng)放在過去分詞之前,如:Thismachinehasbeenbadlydamaged.如果句子是主動語態(tài),則應(yīng)放于句末,如:Ididmyhomeworkwell.[誤]Weareyetintheclassroomnow.?
[正]Wearealreadyintheclassroomnow.?
[析]already主要用于肯定句,而yet多用于否定句和疑問句中,如:
Didyoufinishit?No.notyet.?
[誤]Look.Herecomeshe!?
[正]Look!Herehecomes!?
[誤]Look!Herethebuscomes!?
[正]Look!Herecomesthebus!?
[析]在句子開頭用Here時,如主語是人稱代詞則不要用倒裝語序,如果主語是名詞則要用倒裝語序。?
[誤]Sheismyoldersister.?
[正]Sheismyeldersister.?
[析]elder和eldest是用來指家庭中兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系,而older,oldest則是指歲數(shù)大多少,如:SheisthreeyearsolderthanI.?
[誤]Imtired.Icantgofurther.?
[正]Imtired.Icantgofarther.?
[析]far有兩個比較級farther較遠(yuǎn)的,further進一步的,如:Doyouneedanyfurtherexplanation?你需要進一步的解釋嗎?當(dāng)然它也有兩個最高級。farthest和furthest.?
[誤]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsbefore.?
[正]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsago.?
[析]ago常與過去時連用,而before則多與完成時連用。?
[誤]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??
-No,notalready.?
[正]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??
-No,notyet.?
[析]仍然有三個英文字可以表達(dá)它們是already,yet與still。要注意的是already經(jīng)常用于肯定句中,如Thebushasalreadygone。而yet多用于疑問句和否定句中,如:Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?而still則常用于主語與謂語動詞之間,如:Westillcantdecidewhattodo.但也有時用于be動詞之后,如:Heisstillhere.?
[誤]HeisveryhigherthanIam.?
[正]HeismuchhigherthanIam.?
[析]much可以用來修飾比較級,而very則用來修飾形容詞原級,如:Imverytired.
[誤]-CanIwalktothestation??-Youdbetternot.Itisveryfar.?
[正]-CanIwalktothestation??
-Youdbetternot,Itisalongway.?
[析]for一般用在疑問句與否定句中,如:Howfarisitfromheretothestation?又如:Itisntfar.?
[誤]IveeverbeentoAmerica.?
[正]IvebeentoAmericaonce.?
[析]once多用于肯定句,而ever則用于疑問句,否定句,及條件狀語從句中,如:HaveyoueverbeentoLondon??
[誤]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??
-No,Iamnotafraidso.?
[正]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??
-No,Imafraidnot.?
[析]在肯定的答語中我們可以用so來代替上句所講的事件,如:Doyouthinksheisagoodstudent?YesIthinkso,/Ihopeso,/Ibelieveso/Imafraidso.但在否定的答語中,英語口語的習(xí)慣用法則有所不同,如,Idontthinkso而在hope,belive與afraid后則常用not,如:Ihopenot.?
[誤]Shedidntworkenoughhard,soshecouldntpasstheexam.?
[正]Shedidntworkhardenough,soshecouldntpasstheexam.?
[析]enough可以作名詞用,如:EnoughhasbeensaidforhowtolearnEnglishwell.(對于如何學(xué)好英語已經(jīng)講的足夠多了。)?另外它可以作為形容詞,如:Ihaveenoughmoney(ormoneyenough)tobuythisdictionary.注意enough作為形容詞時即可放于名詞前又可放于名詞后,在初中范圍的考題中多用于名詞之前。如果enough作為副詞用,那么它一定要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。?
[誤]Youcantbeverycareful.?
[正]Youcantbetoocareful.?
[析]此句話的含意是你如何小心也不過分。too…to的用法是"太……以至于不能作某事"。但在實際應(yīng)用時也常常將后面的to省去,如:Itistooexpensiveforme.那對我來講是太貴了。?
[誤]Heisgoodpastfifty.?
[正]Heiswellpastfifty.?
[析]well作為副詞用時除用于"好"之外還有"大大地、遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地",等意。往往有人對下面兩句的對或錯有爭議;?
Heiswell.?
Heisgood.?
其實這兩句都是正確的表達(dá)法,只不過其含意不同。Heiswell是"他身體不錯",而Heisgood則為"他是個好人"。?
[誤]Sheisnotashalfcleverasherbrother.?
[正]Sheisnothalfascleverasherbrother.?
[析]在as…as結(jié)構(gòu)中要將修飾形容詞的數(shù)量詞倍數(shù)及nearly,almost,exactly…等置?于第一?個as之前。?
[誤]HeissameageasTom.?
[正]HeisthesameageasTom.?
[析]thesame…as是固定的用法,其中定冠詞the是不可省也不能換成別的詞的。?
[誤]Motherandherdaughterareexactlylike.?
[正]Motherandherdaughterareexactlyalike.?
*like作為介詞,其意為"像",應(yīng)用于looklike,belike,soundlike,其后要加賓語。而?alike?是形容詞,或副詞,如:YouandIthinkalike.Thetwinsaredressedalike。但alike僅作表語而不能用于名詞前作定語。?
[誤]Whoistallerofthetwo??
[正]Whoisthetallerofthetwo??
[析]兩者的比較級之前要加定冠詞。?
[誤]IhavelessbooksthanTom.?
[正]IhavefewerbooksthanTom.?
[析]less是little的比較級,而fewer是few的比較級。less后應(yīng)加不可數(shù)名詞而fewer后是可數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.TheclevererisMary.?
[正]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.ThecleverestisMary.?
[析]在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級,在三者之間或三者以上的范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用最高級。?
[誤]Theboysatthereasquietashissister.?
[正]Theboysatthereasquietlyashissister.?
[析]as…as的用法要注意的是:①在其中間應(yīng)加形容詞或副詞的原級,而不可加比較級,也有的語法書中稱為同級比較。②要根據(jù)句意決定是加形容詞還是副詞,這要看它具體是修飾動詞還是名詞而定,如:Heisasgoodashisfriend.?
[誤]Theharderyoustudy,andyoucanlearnmore.?
[正]Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn.?
[析]英文中如果要表達(dá)越來越怎樣,在初中范圍有兩種表達(dá)法:①比較級+and+比較級。②定冠詞+比較級……,如:Thenightsaregettinglongerandlonger。要注意的是多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級前要加more,這樣的用法是:moreandmore加形容詞,如:Thegirlisgrowingmoreandmorebeautiful.?
[誤]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingastolearnEnglish.?
[正]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingaslearningEnglish.?
[析]在作比較時,英語一般要求對比的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致。如用動名詞,應(yīng)都用動名詞,用不定式時則都用不定式。但有時在后一個不定式前的符號to可以省略。如:Torepairtheoldoneisasmuchexpensiveas(to)buyanewone.?
[誤]Thegirlismoreclevererthantheboy.?
[正]Thegirlismuchmoreclever(muchcleverer)thantheboy.?
[析]clever有兩個比較級:cleverer和moreclever,要注意的是不能用比較級來修飾比較級。?clever的兩個比較級也各有不同之處,如用在兩種不同性質(zhì)的比較時多用moreclever,如:Heismorecleverthanhonest.(他的聰明要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過其誠實。)?
[析]Theboyisthetallesttothethree.?
[正]Theboyisthetallestofthethree.?
[析]最高級的范圍要用of加復(fù)數(shù)形式或加集合名詞。?
[誤]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionary.?
[正]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionaries.?
[析]在oneof后面最高級形容詞后要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。?
[誤]ThisdictionaryisthemuchbestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.
[正]ThisdictionaryismuchthebestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.
[析]在修飾最高級時應(yīng)用far/byfar/much加the加最高級。但very例外,如:Heistheverybestplayerintheteam.?
[誤]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercitiesinChina.?
[正]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.?
[析]在比較級中表示比較對象時如用anyother其后一般要加單數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]MostofstoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[正]MostofthestoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[正]MoststoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[析]"大多數(shù)"一詞的表達(dá)法有mostofthe+名詞,或most+名詞。當(dāng)用前一種結(jié)構(gòu)時,其后面的定冠詞不可少。?
[誤]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthisroom.?
[正]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthatofthisroom.?
[析]比較級用于兩句話之間時,比較的部分不可省略掉,但為了避免重復(fù),一般都要用that代替前面的單數(shù)名詞,而用those代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:Thebooksinthatboxarebiggerthanthoseinthisbox。?
[誤]Heisnomorehere.Maybeheisathome.?
[正]Heisnolongerhere.Maybeheisathome.?
[析]nomore在現(xiàn)代英語中多譯為:"從此再也不會了",如:Hisvoiceisnomorehere.他已經(jīng)去世了,他的聲音不可能再出現(xiàn)了。而用nolonger表達(dá)目前的狀態(tài)。要注意下面幾組句子的實際含意:?Thisroomisnocleanerthanthatone.即兩間屋子都不干凈。(兩者都不干凈)Thisroomisnotcleanerthanthatone,即這屋子不如那間干凈。(前者不如后者干凈。即一間干凈,一間不干凈。)?
(三)例題解析?
1?IthinkChineseis___thanmaths.?
A.interestingB?moreinteresting?
C.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting?
[答案]B.?
[析]在有than作比較的句子中應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級。?
2?-WhatdoesLucylikebetter,singingordancing??
-Singing.ofcourse.Shesknownto___it.?
A.begoodatB.begoodforC.bebadatD.bebadfor?
[答案]A.?
[析]begoodat為固定搭配,意為"擅長作某事"。初中英語中有些這樣的固定用法應(yīng)記牢,而不能似是而非。如:?begoodat,bebadat,bepoorin,beweekin,befitfor?
3?TheHuangHeRiverisoneof___inChina.?
A.ThelongriverB.thelongestriver?
C.thelongestriversD.thelongerriver?
[答案]C.?
[析]在oneof+定冠詞+最高級之后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。?
4?Thegirlwas___afraid___shethrewherbagaway.?
A.so,thatB.too,toC.too,thatD.enough,to?
[答案]A.?
[析]so…that為"如此怎樣以至于如何",此句意思是:小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。而too…to的意思為"如何如何,以至于不能作某事"。但to的后面是動詞原形,而不是從句。?
5?Itwas___yesterdaythantoday.?
A.hotB.hoterC.hotterD.thehottest?
[答案]C.?
[析]用than表達(dá)比較的句中應(yīng)用比較級。?
6?Whichsubjectdoyoulike___,EnglishChineseormaths??
A.bestB.wellC.betterD.good?
[答案]A.?
[析]在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級,而在三者之間或三者以上用最高級。
7?Noneofthestudentswatchedit___.?
A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefully
C.carefullyenoughD.enoughcareful?
[答案]C.?
[析]首先應(yīng)判定是選用用來修飾名詞的形容詞還是用來修飾動詞的副詞。這里是修飾watch這一動詞,應(yīng)選用副詞。當(dāng)enough用來修飾副詞或形容詞時應(yīng)放于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。?
8?___sheeats,___shellbe.?
A.More…fatB.Themore…fatter?
C.More…thefatterD.Themore…thefatter?
[答案]D.?
[析]the+比較級表示"越來越……"本句應(yīng)譯為:她吃得越多,她就會越胖。?
9?IdontthinkEnglishis___Chinese.?
A.asimportantasB.notimportantas?
C.notsoimportantD.importantas?
[答案]A.?
[析]think+賓語從句時,應(yīng)采用否定主句的形式,如:中文講,"我認(rèn)為你不對",英文應(yīng)為:"我不認(rèn)為你對"。Idontthinkyouareright.所以不能選答案B。而C、D均為不正確的表達(dá)法。?
10?MissGaoisagoodEnglishteacher.Thestudentsinherclass___English.?A.areinterestedinB.areinterestingin?
C.areinterestedatD.areinterestingto?
[答案]A.?
[析]過去分詞常用來修飾人,而現(xiàn)在分詞常用來修飾物,如:aninterestingbook,實際上過去分詞含有被動之意,如:interested其含意是"被……所吸引,感動"。而interesting則為"使人感興趣的",如:aninterestingman一個有趣、風(fēng)趣的人。?
11?Thetwinsaretogethermostofthetime.Sotheyneverfeel_.?A.aloneB.lonelyC.happilyD.friendly?
[答案]B.?
[析]alone意為"獨自的,一個人的",它只能作表語不能作定語。Iamnotaloneindoingsuchathing.而lonely意為"寂寞的,孤單的",如:Theoldmanfeltlonely.要體會兩個詞的區(qū)別,如:Theoldmanlivedalone,buthedidntfeellonely.?
12?Whata___cough!Youseem___ill.?
A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terrible?
C.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly?
[答案]A.?
[析]terrible是形容詞,而terribly是副詞,第一個空是修飾名詞的,所以應(yīng)填入形容詞。第二個空ill是形容詞,這里terribly是用來修飾ill的。?
13?Thetwofriendswere___pleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgoteverything.?A.soB.tooC.veryD.much?
[答案]A.?
[析]這里用的是so…that的固定搭配。?
14?Whichis___,LiLeisboxorHanMeimeisbox??
A.heavyB.heavierC.moreheavierD.theheaviest?
[答案]B.?
[析]兩者之間用比較級,三者或以上用最高級。?
15?YoudontlikethesamecoloursandIdontlikethem,___.?
A.tooB.alsoC.eitherD.neither?
[答案]C.?
[析]在否定句中也應(yīng)用either,而不要用too,因too用于肯定句中。?
16?Jimis___atallhislessons.AndImsurehelldovery___intheexams.?
A.well,goodB.good,wellC.well,wellD.good,good?
[答案]B.?
[析]good為形容詞,如:Heisgood.他是個好人。而well作為身體狀況的好壞講時是形容詞,如:Heiswell為他身體不錯,而作為其他意思時為副詞,如:HespeaksEnglishwell.?
17?Youlook___thanbefore,why??
A.morethinB.morethinner
C.muchmorethinD.muchthinner?
[答案]D.?
[析]多音節(jié)形容詞才用more或most加形容詞來表示其比較級或最高級,而thin的比較級為thinner。?
18?Letsgooutforsuppernow.Imvery___.?
A.hungryB.angryC.tiredD.thirsty?
[答案]A.?
[析]hungry-餓,angry-生氣,tired-緊,疲勞,thirsty-口渴。要注意名詞的詞義。?
19?-Canyouunderstandme??
-Sorry,Ican___understandyou.?
A.hardlyB.almostC.evenD.ever?
[答案]A.?
[析]hardly為一否定詞,用在句中時應(yīng)被看作是否定句。在答語中Sorry決定了其意為"聽不明白",所以只能選hardly。?
20?"___doyouwritetoyourpenfriend?"?
"Abouttwiceamonth."?
A.HowoftenB.HowsoonC.HowmuchD.Howlong?
[答案]A.?
[析]howoften用來提問某一動作經(jīng)多久就要發(fā)生一次,也就是提問發(fā)生的頻率。howsoon是問從現(xiàn)在起還有多久。?
21?ChangjiangRiveris___riverinChina??
A.longB.longerC.longestD.thelongest?[答案]D.?
22?Illwork___Ican.?
A.sohardlyasB.sohardasC.ashardlyasD.ashardas?
[答案]D.?
[析]hard可用作形容詞和副詞,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood?又如:Itisraininghard。而hardly是副詞,其詞義是"幾乎不",如:HardlydidIsleeplastnight.我昨晚幾乎沒有睡覺。而且hardly用于句首時要采用倒裝語序。as…as即可以用于肯定句,也可以用于否定句,但so…as則只能用于否定句中。?
23?Itisvery___tolistentohim.?
A.interestedB.interestingC.interestedinD.interest?
[答案]B.?
[析]interest作為名詞有兩個詞義,①興趣,②銀行中所講的利息。而其形容詞interesting是"使人感興趣的",而interested是"感興趣的"如:HeisinterestedinEnglish.?
24?Thingsare___worsethanIthought.?
A.moreB.fewC.veryD.much?
[答案]D.?[析]只有much可以修飾比較級。?
25?Itisoneoclock,butherfatherhasntcomeback___.?
A.alreadyB.stillC.tooD.yet?
[答案]D.?
[析]完成時的否定句尾要用yet,而already則用于肯定句。?
26?ComradeChenis___olderthanI.?
A.veryB.moreC.muchD.quite?
[答案]C.?
[析]只有much可以修飾比較級??梢孕揎棻容^級的詞還有much,far,evenalittle,byfar等。?
27?Shedidherhomework___.?
A.carefullyB.carefulC.careD.careless?
[答案]A.?
[析]這里應(yīng)填入副詞,而careless是由care加less后輟得來的,less意為"沒有",是否定之意,如:careless-不小心,homeless-無家可歸。而carefully為副詞。?
28?TheycantanswerthequestioninJapanese;wecantanswerit,___.?
A.alsoB.tooC.eitherD.neither?[答案]C.?
29?-Howareyourparents??
-Theyarevery___,thankyou.?
A.goodB.kindC.wellD.happy?
[答案]C.?
[析]由問句得知其詢問的是身體如何,所以well作為身體狀況不錯時應(yīng)視為形容詞。?
30?Peterruns___inourclass.?
A.thefastB.fasterC.fastestD.mostfast?
[答案]C.?
[析]副詞的最高級前可以加定冠詞,也可以不加定冠詞。?
31?Wewereall___gladthatwesanganddanced.?
A.suchB.soC.veryD.quite?
[答案]B.?
[析]在so與that之間只有形容詞時不可用such。?
32?Katesings___Joan.?
A.aswellasB.asgoodasC.sogoodasD.asbetteras?
[答案]A.?[析]這里well為副詞,意為"唱得好"。?
33?Thiseggsmells___,thoughitlooksallright.?
A.goodB.wellC.badD?badly?
[答案]C.?
[析]smell為系動詞,其后應(yīng)加形容詞,而不是副詞。同樣的詞,還有sound,feel,seem、become(變成)等等,如:Icefeelscoldinwinter.
34?Waitaminute,Ihave___totellyou.?
A.somethinginterestedB.somethinginteresting?
C.interestingsomethingD.anythinginteresting?
[答案]B.?[析]修飾不定代詞的修飾詞要放在不定代詞之后。
35?Ishallvisityou___nextyear.?
A.sometimesB.sometimeC.sometimeD.sometimes?
[答案]B.?
[析]sometimes有時,sometime某一時刻,sometime一段時間,sometimes若干次?
36?Mysistersaidshewouldtrytospeak___Englisheveryday.
A.alittleB.afewC.litttleD.few?
[答案]A.?
[析]little修飾不可數(shù)名詞,而alittle意為"一些,一點"。?
37?Ihave___friendshereandIoftenvisitthem.?
A.fewB.littleC.afewD.alittle?
[答案]C.[析]afew意為"有些",few后面要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
38?Ofallthesebooks,doyouthink,whichoneis___??
A.interestingB.muchinteresting?
C.moreinterestingD.themostinteresting?
[答案]D.?[析]Ofallthesebooks是用來表示最高級的范圍
初中英語語法整理:形容詞副詞
初中英語語法整理:形容詞副詞
形容詞,副詞的比較級:表示“比…更…”(-er)
(一):一般直接在單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞,副詞尾+;tallLong
(二):以e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞,副詞詞尾直接+_______;nice______wide_______
(三):“以_____+______結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞,副詞先___變____,再加____。
busy______early______easy________busy_______
(四):以______音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母(輔元輔)的單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的形
詞,副詞,要_____最后一個輔音,再+______。big_____hot_____red____thin_____
(五):多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)的形同此,副詞,一般在此類詞前面+__________構(gòu)成最高級形式。interesting_________relaxing___________exciting__________carefully___________
注意:(1)比較級的句子中最常見的一個詞than比。(2)比較級常用于兩者的比較。
形容詞,副詞的最高級:表示“最……”(-est)
(一):一般直接在單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞,副詞尾+;
tallLongOldLow
(二):以e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞,副詞詞尾直接+___________;
nice______wide_______large_______fine______
(三):“以_____+______結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞,副詞先___變____,再加____。
busy______early______easy________busy_______
(四):以______音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母(輔元輔)的單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的形容詞,副詞,要_____最后一個輔音,再+______。
big_____hot_____red____thin_____
(五):多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)的形同此,副詞,一般在此類詞前面+__________構(gòu)成最高級形式。interesting_________relaxing_________exciting__________carefully___________
不規(guī)則變化。
good/well-better---bestbad/badly---worse---worstmany/much----more---most
好的更好的最好的壞的更壞的最壞的許多的更多的最多的
(原級)(比較級)(最高級)(原級)(比較級)(最高級)(原級)(比較級)(最高級)
far---farther---farthestlittle/few---less---least
遠(yuǎn)的更遠(yuǎn)的最遠(yuǎn)的少的更少的最少的
(原級)(比較級)(最高級)(原級)(比較級)(最高級)
注意:(1)一般形容詞的最高級前面會有the,而副詞的最高級前面一般不會+the。
(2)含有最高級句子中常??梢钥吹給f,in,oneof…之類表示范圍的詞。
(3)最高級通常是三者以上的比較。
在解題時,我們只有充分理解了句子的意思才能很好的選擇使用比較級和最高級
練習(xí)
一)、寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級和最高級
old__________young______________tall_______________long_______________
short____________strong_____________big_____________small_______________
fat____________thin____________heavy_______________light________________
nice_____________good____________beautiful________________________
low_______________high_____________slow_____________fast________________
late_____________early_____________far______________well________________
二)、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式:
1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.2.Tomisas________(fat)asJim.
3.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.
4.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.
5.Whosepencil-boxis__________(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.
6.Mary’shairisas__________(long)asLucy’s.
7.Ben______(jump)________(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.
8.________Nancysing__________(well)thanHelen?Yes,she_____.
9.Fangfangisnotas_________(tall)astheothergirls.
10.Myeyesare__________(big)than________(she)..
11.Whichis___________(heavy),theelephantorthepig?
12.Whogetsup_________(early),TimorTom?
13._____thegirlsgetup_______(early)thantheboys?No,they______.
14.Jimruns_____(slow).ButBenruns_____(slow).
15.Thechilddoesn’t______(write)as____(fast)asthestudents.
三)、翻譯句子:
1、誰比Jim年紀(jì)大?是你。________is_________thanJim?________are
2、誰比David更強壯?是GaoShan._________________thanDavid?GaoShan________.
3、誰的鉛筆更長,他的還是她的?我想是她的。
_______pencilis_________,______or________?________is,Ithink.
4、誰的蘋果更重,你的姐姐的還是你的弟弟的?我的弟弟的。
_______apples________________,your_______oryour_______?My____________.
as….as和什么一樣,中間加形容詞原級。如Thecarisasnewasyours.這個車和你的一樣新。IamastallasLily。我和莉莉一樣高.。tall是形容詞原級。
5、你和你的叔叔一樣高嗎?是的。_________________as_________asyouruncle?Yes,Iam.
6、他和他的朋友Jim一樣年輕。He____as______as____________Jim.
8.YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚。YangLinggoestobed______thanSuYangeveryday.
9.我跳得和Mike一樣遠(yuǎn)。Ijumpas_______asMike.
10.Tom比你跑得快嗎?不是的,他和我跑得一樣快。
____Tom__________thanyou?No,he_______.He_____as_____as_____.
11.多做運動,你會更強壯。Domoreexercise,you’ll____________soon.
12.我的科學(xué)很好,但是語文不好。
I______________atScience.ButIdon’t_________wellinChinese.
14.我喜歡游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。
Ilike_______.Allmy____________________thanme.
18.你足球踢得比你的同班同學(xué)好嗎?不,他們踢得和我一樣好。
___you____football_____thanyourclassmates?No,they____as____asme.
19.我母親比我父親年紀(jì)小。My________________thanmy______.
20.她的毛衣和我的一樣重。_____sweater_____as_______as_____.
22.ImtallerthanMike.(該成用原級的比較)Im_________as________asMike.
用形容詞或副詞的比較級或最高級填空。
1.I’mtall,Lilyis____thanme,Tonyis____thanLily,soTonyisthe______.
譯:____________________________________________________________________.
2.Liuzhouisabigcity,Nanningis_____thanLiuzhou.Shanghaiisthe_______cityinChina.譯:______________________________________________________________________.
3.Whichis_______(big),ShanghaiorHongKong?譯_______________________________?
4.Whichis________(old),myfather,mygrandfatherorme?
譯______________________________________________________?
5.Bettyis_______(young)girlinourclass.譯:__________________________________.
6.Thebookis__________(interesting)ofthethreebooks.
譯:________________________________________________.
7.Ourschoolisoneofthe___________(famous)schoolsinLiuzhou.
譯:__________________________________________________________.
8.Itisthe______(good)waytogotothecity.Takingthebusis________(easy)thantakingtheplane.譯:________________________________________________________
9.Bettyisa__________(beautiful)girl,Lilyisalsovery___________.ButIthinkBettyis__________thanLily.譯:___________________________________________________.
10.Damingworkshardinourclass,heisthe_________(hard)studentinourclass.
譯:_____________________________________________________________________.
11.Hecanrun_________(fast)inourschool.Buthecan’trun_________thanhisbrother.
譯:______________________________________________________________________.
12.Whocansing_______(good)ofall(所有)?譯:____________________________________
13.Wholives____________(close)tothebusstop?Lilei,Bamingoryou?
譯:___________________________________________________________.
14.Allofthegirlsthinklionisthe________________(dangerous)animalintheworld.
譯:__________________________________________________.
15.Theredcaris_________(expensive),thebluecaris__________thantheredcar,buttheblackcaristhe_____________oneinthecarshop.
譯:____________________________________________________________________.
16.Chenglongisoneofthe____________(famous)starintheworld.
譯:______________________________________________________________________.