小學(xué)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2021-05-022011屆中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí):形容詞、副詞復(fù)習(xí)?。
形容詞、副詞?
(一)知識(shí)概要?
形容詞的用法很活躍,在英語(yǔ)中用處也很多,但英語(yǔ)中修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語(yǔ)和詞組有時(shí)不同,要特別加以注意。下面將初中學(xué)習(xí)階段中遇到的修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組歸納如下:many,no,several,some,afew,alot,lots,plenty,plentyof,alotof,alargenumberof,enough。而修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或詞組如下:much,no,some,alot,agreatdeal,lots,plenty,alotof,plentyof。?其中some,no,alotof,plentyof既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。?英語(yǔ)中形容詞與副詞有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)之分,其規(guī)則如下:?
構(gòu)詞法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)加er,或estTall
youngtaller?
younger
tallest
youngest
只加r或stnice?
large
nicer
larger
nicest?
largest
重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)雙寫該字母加er、estbig?
fat?
hot
bigger
fatter
hotter
biggest?
fattest
hottest
不規(guī)則變化的形容詞或副詞:?
原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)
goodbetterbest
Wellbetterbest
badworseworst
badlyworseworst
manymoremost
mostmoremost
littlelesslest
farfarther
further
farthest
furthest
oldolder?
elder
oldest?
eldest
要注意的是許多形容詞同時(shí)又是副詞,如:back,all,alone,either,far,high,slow等。而有些形容詞則要經(jīng)過一定變化才能轉(zhuǎn)為副詞,其規(guī)律如下:?
構(gòu)詞法形容詞副詞
一般加lyCareful
kind
carefully
kindly
尾是y時(shí)將y變成i加lyHappy
busy
easy
Happily
busily
easily
其他true
terrible
full
possible
shy
whole
truly
terribly
fully
possibly
shyly
wholly
在學(xué)習(xí)過程中要注意其變化。?
此外并不是所有副詞都可以修飾比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形容詞。能修飾比較級(jí)的有:much,yet,far,still,agreatdeal,even和alittle.能修飾最高級(jí)的有:thevery,muchthe,far等。?
(二)正誤辨析?
[誤]Theyounglikesplayingfootballverymuch.?
[正]Theyounglikeplayingfootballverymuch.?
[析]定冠詞加形容詞表示一類人,應(yīng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時(shí)則要看作單數(shù),如:Thebeautifulisnotalwayskindness.美麗并不總代表善良。?
[誤]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstareover.?
[正]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstisover.?
[析]意為:"危險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)過去,最困難的狀況已結(jié)束。"用定冠詞加最高級(jí)形容詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)形式。?
[誤]Itisthegoldageoftheyoung.?
[正]Itisthegoldenageoftheyoung.?
[析]golden在英語(yǔ)中多用于比喻,如:goldenhair金發(fā),guldenvoice金嗓子。而gold多用于表達(dá)金質(zhì)的,如:agoldbar金條,agoldcoin金幣,但goldfish金魚例外。
[誤]Sheisawarmheartwoman.?
[正]Sheisawarm?heartedwoman.?
[析]英語(yǔ)形容詞的構(gòu)詞法很多,其中之一是由形容詞,或數(shù)詞,加名詞加ed構(gòu)成,如:?warm?hoarted熱心腸的,white?haired白毛的?
[誤]Thereisanalivefishinthepool.?
[正]Thereisalivingfishinthepool.?
[析]在初中范圍內(nèi)所學(xué)到的以a字母開頭的形容詞一般不能作定語(yǔ),只能作表語(yǔ)。如:Thefishisalive.(魚還活著)這樣的形容詞有:alive,alike,alone,asleep,afraid,awake等。?
[誤]Theillmannearlydied.?
[正]Thesickmannearlydied.?
[析]ill一般不作定語(yǔ)來(lái)形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表語(yǔ)時(shí)則都可以。如:Heisillsick,ill作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則另有他意,如:illluck(厄運(yùn)),illnature(天性惡劣),illtemper(心緒不好)?
[誤]Ihaveimportantsomethingtotellyou.?
[正]Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.?
[析]不定代詞something,anyone,somebody…在用形容詞修飾時(shí),形容詞應(yīng)放其后。但要注意thing則不是不定代詞,不符合上述規(guī)律。如:Ihaveanimportantthingtotellyou.?
[誤]IllbefreeonnextSunday.?
[正]IllbefreenextSunday.?
[析]在表達(dá)將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候:nextSunday,nextweek,nextyear或lastSundaylastweek,lastyear前都不加介詞。?
[誤]Thegirlistwo?yearold.?
[正]Thegirlistwoyearsold.?
[正]Sheisatwo?year?oldgirl??
[析]由連字符連接若干名詞、數(shù)詞……組成的形容詞,在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要記住兩點(diǎn),其一是這些詞中的名詞都不要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:two?thousand?wordreport(兩千字的報(bào)告);其二是這樣構(gòu)成的形容詞只能作定語(yǔ),即用于名詞之前,而不能作表語(yǔ)。?
[誤]TheforeignerslikethoselittlebeautifulChinesepaintings.?
[正]TheforeignerslikethosebeautifullittleChinesepaintings.?
[析]在名詞前若有幾個(gè)形容詞作修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序如下。?
1.指示代詞,定冠詞2.數(shù)量詞3.性質(zhì)詞4.大小?5.形狀6.老少,新舊7.顏色8.材料?
但要注意的是英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣是一個(gè)名詞前的形容詞一般不要多于三個(gè)。?
如:Whataprettylittlewhitehorse!?
ThosefirstfewshortEnglishstorieswerenotdifficulttounderstand.?
[誤]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishgoodistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.
[正]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.
[析]good是形容詞,這里是修飾動(dòng)詞speak的,所以應(yīng)用副詞well,但well作形容詞講時(shí)只作身體好。如:Heiswell.(他身體很好)。Heisgood.(他是個(gè)好人)。?
[誤]Thechildrenplayonthegrassnappyly.?
[正]Thechildrenplayonthegrasshappily??
[析]多音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時(shí)應(yīng)將y變?yōu)閕再加ly.?
[誤]Theteacherlookedangryatthestudents.?
[正]Theteacherlookedangrilyatthestudents.?
[析]英語(yǔ)中感觀動(dòng)詞后面要接形容詞,這時(shí)它是修飾主語(yǔ)的,如:Thefoodsmellsgood.食物聞起來(lái)很香。Theteacherlookedangry老師看起來(lái)很生氣。?而此句的意思為:"老師生氣地看著學(xué)生",所以應(yīng)用副詞形式。?
[誤]Heworkedwithmefriendly.?
[正]Hewasfriendlytome.?
[析]不是所有結(jié)尾是ly的詞都是副詞,但friendly是形容詞,這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ovely,lonely,costly,lively…monthlyweekly…。但其中有些詞既是副詞,又是形容詞,如:early,hourly,monthly…?
[誤]Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofyourfriends.?
[正]Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofyourfriends.?
[析]free作為形容詞意為"自由的,有空閑的,免費(fèi)的"。作為副詞講則是"免費(fèi)"之意。而freely作為副詞則是"自由的,隨便的"。這些要注意的詞還有:?hard努力,艱苦hardly幾乎不late遲,晚?lately最近的,最新的near近nearly幾乎?like像likely幾乎?
[誤]Theymusthavearrivedtillnow.?
[正]Theymusthavearrivedbynow.?
[析]bynow是用于表達(dá)到目前為止某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,所以應(yīng)用瞬間動(dòng)詞。而tillnow是強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,所以一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。?musthave+過去分詞是對(duì)過去某一事情所作的肯定推測(cè)。?
[誤]Someonecalledyourightnow.?
[正]Someonecalledyoujustnow.?
[析]justnow有兩個(gè)意思,其一是"剛才",其二是"現(xiàn)在",而rightnow只能用于現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。just則用于完成時(shí)態(tài),如:Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.?
[誤]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericaatpresent.?
[正]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericapresently.?
[析]presently有兩個(gè)意思:其一是最近,不久,其二在美語(yǔ)中是現(xiàn)在之意,與atpresent相同。而forthepresent為暫時(shí),如:IteachEnglishintheschoolforthepresent.
[誤]Illbebackatthemoment.?
[正]Illbebackinamoment.?
[析]atthemoment其意為"現(xiàn)在,當(dāng)時(shí)",而inamoment意為"馬上過一會(huì)",與inaminute意思相近。?
[誤]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereintime.?
[正]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereontime.?
[析]ontime為"準(zhǔn)時(shí)",而intime有兩個(gè)含意。其一是"及時(shí)",如:Thedoctorarrivedintime。其二是"將來(lái),終究"。?
[誤]Imetanoldfriendsometimeslastmonth.?
[正]Imetanoldfriendsometimelastmonth.?
[析]Sometime過去,或者將來(lái)某時(shí)。?Sometimes有時(shí)?
如:SometimesIgotoschoolbybus.?Sometime一些時(shí)間?
如:Ineedsometimetodomyhomework.?Sometimes幾次?
如:IwenttoShanghaisometimesthismonth.?
attimes有時(shí),偶爾?
atalltimes經(jīng)常?
someothertime改天?
[誤]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?
[正]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysbefore.?
[正]Imetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?
*ago用在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中時(shí),主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過去時(shí),而before用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)則主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞宜用完成時(shí)態(tài)。?
[誤]Hestudiedveryhard.andattheendhepassedtheexam.?
[正]Hestudiedveryhard,andintheendhepassedtheexam.?
[析]intheend=atlast意為"最終,終于",表達(dá)經(jīng)過若干努力而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。而attheend是在某事的結(jié)束時(shí)如何如何,如:Attheendofclass,theteachergaveussomestorybooks。?
[誤]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueachthreedays.?
[正]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueverythreedays.?
[析]everythreedays為"每三天",即每隔二天,而everyotherday為每隔一天。
[誤]Hedidntgotothecinemayesterday.andIdidntgo,too.?
[正]HedidntgotothecinemayesterdayandIdidntgoeither.?
[析]英語(yǔ)中表示"也",有4個(gè)字,also,aswell,too,either,但either用于否定句中,而前3個(gè)用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too與aswell一般要用在句尾,而also則可用于句中。如:Shewenttothepartyandherboyfriendwenttheretoo.又如:Ivealsoreadherothernovels.?
[誤]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?
[正]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?
[析]anyway為"不管怎么"講,"無(wú)論如何",如:Whataterribleaccident,anywaynoonewashurt.?
anyway為"任何方式"。這種常見的錯(cuò)誤還發(fā)生在以下幾組詞中,如:?
everyday日常的everyday每天?
faraway遙遠(yuǎn)的faraway遠(yuǎn)離?
altogether總計(jì)alltogether一塊,大家一起?
already已經(jīng)allready全準(zhǔn)備好了?
[誤]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.?
[正]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.?
[析]anytime是副詞而anytime中的time是名詞。?
[誤]Shesaidnearlynothing.?
[正]Shesaidalmostnothing.?
[析]nearly與almost的含意相近,在很多場(chǎng)合可以互換,但在否定詞前用almost。
[誤]Therearetoomuchmistakesinyourhomework.?
[正]Therearetoomanymistakesinyourhomework.?
[析]toomuch后接不可數(shù)名詞,如:Thereistoomuchwaterfortheflowers.而toomany后加可數(shù)名詞,muchtoo后面加形容詞,如:ItismuchtoodifficulttolearnEnglishwell.?
[誤]Itislateenoughthatwecangohomenow.?
[正]Itislateenoughforustogohomenow.?
[析]要注意的是enough后面一般不接從句而接不定式,或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):forsomebodytodosomething。?
[誤]Thetwinsareveryalike.?
[正]Thetwinsaremuchalike.?
[析]用a為首字母的形容詞不能用very修飾,一般要用much來(lái)修飾。?
[誤]-Howlongdoeshewritetohisparents??
-Onceaweek.?
[正]-Howoftendoeshewritetohisparents??
-Onceaweek.?
[析]英文與中文表達(dá)法不同,隔多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間辦一次某事,實(shí)際上問的是該事發(fā)生的頻率,所以要用howoften。?
[誤]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Illcallupyou.?
[正]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Illcallyouup.?
[析]當(dāng)動(dòng)詞詞組的賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)則一定要放于動(dòng)詞之后,如果是名詞則可以放在詞組其后。?如:IwanttowatchTV.PleaseturnontheTV.也可以講:PleaseturntheTVon.?
[誤]Hedrovequicklyhisnewcar.?
[正]Hedrovehisnewcarquickly.?
[析]副詞在句中的位置很活,但主要有以下幾種用法:①實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前,如:Hequicklygivemetheanswer.②在be動(dòng)詞之后,如:Thelittleboyisoftenlateforclass.③第一助動(dòng)詞之后,如:Thisbookhasalmostbeenfinished.④在單獨(dú)使用的be動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之前,如:Canyouhelpmethisafternoon??Icertainlycan.?但是無(wú)論如何也不能將副詞置于動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間,如果是賓語(yǔ)從句或是很長(zhǎng)的名詞
詞組作賓語(yǔ)則才可以這樣用:?
Heheardclearlywhattheteachersaid.?
[誤]Thechildrencamelateyesterdaytothecinema.?
[正]Thechildrencamelatetothecinemayesterday.?
[析]表示一定長(zhǎng)度的時(shí)間的副詞不應(yīng)放于句中,可放于句尾。如果表示強(qiáng)調(diào)則可放于句首。
[誤]Youhavefewnewbooks,haventyou??
[正]youhavefewnewbooks,haveyou??
[析]英語(yǔ)中的數(shù)量形容詞有兩組。修飾可數(shù)名詞的有few(很少,幾乎沒有),afew(有一些,幾個(gè));修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle(很少,幾乎沒有),alittle(有一點(diǎn),有一些)。要注意的是當(dāng)few和little用于句中時(shí)應(yīng)看作否定句,而afew和alittle用于句中時(shí)則應(yīng)看作是肯定句。
[誤]Hespentquitelittlemoneyonhisfood.?
[正]Hespentquitealittlemoneyonhisfood.?
[析]quitea為一固定用法,其意為"十分,相當(dāng),所以"。quiteafew=many,quitealittle=much而onlyalittle=little,onlyafew=few.
[誤]Doyouwanttohavemanybread??
[正]Doyouwanttohavesomebread??
[析]some與any都可以用作形容詞、副詞或代詞,在一般情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于疑問句和否定句,但在希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí),應(yīng)用some。其次是some可以用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]Pleasetellmewheretheshoesshopis??
[正]Pleasetellmewheretheshoeshopis.?
[析]在用名詞作修飾詞來(lái)修飾另一名詞時(shí),這個(gè)作修飾詞的名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,如:?
ashoeshop鞋店
afruitshop水果店
abookshop書店?
apostoffice郵局
apolicestation警察局
abusstop汽車站?
[誤]Heisweakatphysics.?
[正]Heisweakinphysics.?
[析]在表達(dá)擅長(zhǎng)于作某事時(shí)用begoodatsomething,而其反意詞為bebadatsomething,但beweakinsomething。?
[誤]Thisdictionaryisworthtobuy.?
[正]Thisdictionaryisworthbuying.?
[析]beworth后可接動(dòng)、名詞表達(dá)值得作某事,又可接價(jià)格、金錢表示值多少錢。?
[誤]Dontafraidofthat.?
[正]Dontbeafraidofthat.?
[析]afraid在英文中是形容詞而不是動(dòng)詞。這樣的詞組還有:?
beafraidof害怕becarefulof小心?
becertainof有把握,確定besureof確信?
begladof高興besickof厭惡?
befondof喜歡?
[誤]Theworkhasalreadybeendonewell.?
[正]Theworkhasalreadybeenwelldone.?
[析]well與badly作副詞時(shí),表示好壞,如果句子是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),則應(yīng)放在過去分詞之前,如:Thismachinehasbeenbadlydamaged.如果句子是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),則應(yīng)放于句末,如:Ididmyhomeworkwell.[誤]Weareyetintheclassroomnow.?
[正]Wearealreadyintheclassroomnow.?
[析]already主要用于肯定句,而yet多用于否定句和疑問句中,如:
Didyoufinishit?No.notyet.?
[誤]Look.Herecomeshe!?
[正]Look!Herehecomes!?
[誤]Look!Herethebuscomes!?
[正]Look!Herecomesthebus!?
[析]在句子開頭用Here時(shí),如主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞則不要用倒裝語(yǔ)序,如果主語(yǔ)是名詞則要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。?
[誤]Sheismyoldersister.?
[正]Sheismyeldersister.?
[析]elder和eldest是用來(lái)指家庭中兄弟姐妹的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系,而older,oldest則是指歲數(shù)大多少,如:SheisthreeyearsolderthanI.?
[誤]Imtired.Icantgofurther.?
[正]Imtired.Icantgofarther.?
[析]far有兩個(gè)比較級(jí)farther較遠(yuǎn)的,further進(jìn)一步的,如:Doyouneedanyfurtherexplanation?你需要進(jìn)一步的解釋嗎?當(dāng)然它也有兩個(gè)最高級(jí)。farthest和furthest.?
[誤]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsbefore.?
[正]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsago.?
[析]ago常與過去時(shí)連用,而before則多與完成時(shí)連用。?
[誤]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??
-No,notalready.?
[正]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??
-No,notyet.?
[析]仍然有三個(gè)英文字可以表達(dá)它們是already,yet與still。要注意的是already經(jīng)常用于肯定句中,如Thebushasalreadygone。而yet多用于疑問句和否定句中,如:Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?而still則常用于主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間,如:Westillcantdecidewhattodo.但也有時(shí)用于be動(dòng)詞之后,如:Heisstillhere.?
[誤]HeisveryhigherthanIam.?
[正]HeismuchhigherthanIam.?
[析]much可以用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí),而very則用來(lái)修飾形容詞原級(jí),如:Imverytired.
[誤]-CanIwalktothestation??-Youdbetternot.Itisveryfar.?
[正]-CanIwalktothestation??
-Youdbetternot,Itisalongway.?
[析]for一般用在疑問句與否定句中,如:Howfarisitfromheretothestation?又如:Itisntfar.?
[誤]IveeverbeentoAmerica.?
[正]IvebeentoAmericaonce.?
[析]once多用于肯定句,而ever則用于疑問句,否定句,及條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,如:HaveyoueverbeentoLondon??
[誤]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??
-No,Iamnotafraidso.?
[正]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??
-No,Imafraidnot.?
[析]在肯定的答語(yǔ)中我們可以用so來(lái)代替上句所講的事件,如:Doyouthinksheisagoodstudent?YesIthinkso,/Ihopeso,/Ibelieveso/Imafraidso.但在否定的答語(yǔ)中,英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法則有所不同,如,Idontthinkso而在hope,belive與afraid后則常用not,如:Ihopenot.?
[誤]Shedidntworkenoughhard,soshecouldntpasstheexam.?
[正]Shedidntworkhardenough,soshecouldntpasstheexam.?
[析]enough可以作名詞用,如:EnoughhasbeensaidforhowtolearnEnglishwell.(對(duì)于如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)講的足夠多了。)?另外它可以作為形容詞,如:Ihaveenoughmoney(ormoneyenough)tobuythisdictionary.注意enough作為形容詞時(shí)即可放于名詞前又可放于名詞后,在初中范圍的考題中多用于名詞之前。如果enough作為副詞用,那么它一定要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。?
[誤]Youcantbeverycareful.?
[正]Youcantbetoocareful.?
[析]此句話的含意是你如何小心也不過分。too…to的用法是"太……以至于不能作某事"。但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用時(shí)也常常將后面的to省去,如:Itistooexpensiveforme.那對(duì)我來(lái)講是太貴了。?
[誤]Heisgoodpastfifty.?
[正]Heiswellpastfifty.?
[析]well作為副詞用時(shí)除用于"好"之外還有"大大地、遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地",等意。往往有人對(duì)下面兩句的對(duì)或錯(cuò)有爭(zhēng)議;?
Heiswell.?
Heisgood.?
其實(shí)這兩句都是正確的表達(dá)法,只不過其含意不同。Heiswell是"他身體不錯(cuò)",而Heisgood則為"他是個(gè)好人"。?
[誤]Sheisnotashalfcleverasherbrother.?【551336.coM 合同幫幫網(wǎng)】
[正]Sheisnothalfascleverasherbrother.?
[析]在as…as結(jié)構(gòu)中要將修飾形容詞的數(shù)量詞倍數(shù)及nearly,almost,exactly…等置?于第一?個(gè)as之前。?
[誤]HeissameageasTom.?
[正]HeisthesameageasTom.?
[析]thesame…as是固定的用法,其中定冠詞the是不可省也不能換成別的詞的。?
[誤]Motherandherdaughterareexactlylike.?
[正]Motherandherdaughterareexactlyalike.?
*like作為介詞,其意為"像",應(yīng)用于looklike,belike,soundlike,其后要加賓語(yǔ)。而?alike?是形容詞,或副詞,如:YouandIthinkalike.Thetwinsaredressedalike。但alike僅作表語(yǔ)而不能用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。?
[誤]Whoistallerofthetwo??
[正]Whoisthetallerofthetwo??
[析]兩者的比較級(jí)之前要加定冠詞。?
[誤]IhavelessbooksthanTom.?
[正]IhavefewerbooksthanTom.?
[析]less是little的比較級(jí),而fewer是few的比較級(jí)。less后應(yīng)加不可數(shù)名詞而fewer后是可數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.TheclevererisMary.?
[正]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.ThecleverestisMary.?
[析]在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級(jí),在三者之間或三者以上的范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用最高級(jí)。?
[誤]Theboysatthereasquietashissister.?
[正]Theboysatthereasquietlyashissister.?
[析]as…as的用法要注意的是:①在其中間應(yīng)加形容詞或副詞的原級(jí),而不可加比較級(jí),也有的語(yǔ)法書中稱為同級(jí)比較。②要根據(jù)句意決定是加形容詞還是副詞,這要看它具體是修飾動(dòng)詞還是名詞而定,如:Heisasgoodashisfriend.?
[誤]Theharderyoustudy,andyoucanlearnmore.?
[正]Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn.?
[析]英文中如果要表達(dá)越來(lái)越怎樣,在初中范圍有兩種表達(dá)法:①比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)。②定冠詞+比較級(jí)……,如:Thenightsaregettinglongerandlonger。要注意的是多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)前要加more,這樣的用法是:moreandmore加形容詞,如:Thegirlisgrowingmoreandmorebeautiful.?
[誤]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingastolearnEnglish.?
[正]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingaslearningEnglish.?
[析]在作比較時(shí),英語(yǔ)一般要求對(duì)比的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致。如用動(dòng)名詞,應(yīng)都用動(dòng)名詞,用不定式時(shí)則都用不定式。但有時(shí)在后一個(gè)不定式前的符號(hào)to可以省略。如:Torepairtheoldoneisasmuchexpensiveas(to)buyanewone.?
[誤]Thegirlismoreclevererthantheboy.?
[正]Thegirlismuchmoreclever(muchcleverer)thantheboy.?
[析]clever有兩個(gè)比較級(jí):cleverer和moreclever,要注意的是不能用比較級(jí)來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)。?clever的兩個(gè)比較級(jí)也各有不同之處,如用在兩種不同性質(zhì)的比較時(shí)多用moreclever,如:Heismorecleverthanhonest.(他的聰明要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過其誠(chéng)實(shí)。)?
[析]Theboyisthetallesttothethree.?
[正]Theboyisthetallestofthethree.?
[析]最高級(jí)的范圍要用of加復(fù)數(shù)形式或加集合名詞。?
[誤]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionary.?
[正]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionaries.?
[析]在oneof后面最高級(jí)形容詞后要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。?
[誤]ThisdictionaryisthemuchbestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.
[正]ThisdictionaryismuchthebestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.
[析]在修飾最高級(jí)時(shí)應(yīng)用far/byfar/much加the加最高級(jí)。但very例外,如:Heistheverybestplayerintheteam.?
[誤]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercitiesinChina.?
[正]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.?
[析]在比較級(jí)中表示比較對(duì)象時(shí)如用anyother其后一般要加單數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]MostofstoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[正]MostofthestoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[正]MoststoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[析]"大多數(shù)"一詞的表達(dá)法有mostofthe+名詞,或most+名詞。當(dāng)用前一種結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),其后面的定冠詞不可少。?
[誤]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthisroom.?
[正]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthatofthisroom.?
[析]比較級(jí)用于兩句話之間時(shí),比較的部分不可省略掉,但為了避免重復(fù),一般都要用that代替前面的單數(shù)名詞,而用those代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:Thebooksinthatboxarebiggerthanthoseinthisbox。?
[誤]Heisnomorehere.Maybeheisathome.?
[正]Heisnolongerhere.Maybeheisathome.?
[析]nomore在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中多譯為:"從此再也不會(huì)了",如:Hisvoiceisnomorehere.他已經(jīng)去世了,他的聲音不可能再出現(xiàn)了。而用nolonger表達(dá)目前的狀態(tài)。要注意下面幾組句子的實(shí)際含意:?Thisroomisnocleanerthanthatone.即兩間屋子都不干凈。(兩者都不干凈)Thisroomisnotcleanerthanthatone,即這屋子不如那間干凈。(前者不如后者干凈。即一間干凈,一間不干凈。)?
(三)例題解析?
1?IthinkChineseis___thanmaths.?
A.interestingB?moreinteresting?
C.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting?
[答案]B.?
[析]在有than作比較的句子中應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。?
2?-WhatdoesLucylikebetter,singingordancing??
-Singing.ofcourse.Shesknownto___it.?
A.begoodatB.begoodforC.bebadatD.bebadfor?
[答案]A.?
[析]begoodat為固定搭配,意為"擅長(zhǎng)作某事"。初中英語(yǔ)中有些這樣的固定用法應(yīng)記牢,而不能似是而非。如:?begoodat,bebadat,bepoorin,beweekin,befitfor?
3?TheHuangHeRiverisoneof___inChina.?
A.ThelongriverB.thelongestriver?
C.thelongestriversD.thelongerriver?
[答案]C.?
[析]在oneof+定冠詞+最高級(jí)之后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。?
4?Thegirlwas___afraid___shethrewherbagaway.?
A.so,thatB.too,toC.too,thatD.enough,to?
[答案]A.?
[析]so…that為"如此怎樣以至于如何",此句意思是:小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。而too…to的意思為"如何如何,以至于不能作某事"。但to的后面是動(dòng)詞原形,而不是從句。?
5?Itwas___yesterdaythantoday.?
A.hotB.hoterC.hotterD.thehottest?
[答案]C.?
[析]用than表達(dá)比較的句中應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。?
6?Whichsubjectdoyoulike___,EnglishChineseormaths??
A.bestB.wellC.betterD.good?
[答案]A.?
[析]在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級(jí),而在三者之間或三者以上用最高級(jí)。
7?Noneofthestudentswatchedit___.?
A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefully
C.carefullyenoughD.enoughcareful?
[答案]C.?
[析]首先應(yīng)判定是選用用來(lái)修飾名詞的形容詞還是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞。這里是修飾watch這一動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)選用副詞。當(dāng)enough用來(lái)修飾副詞或形容詞時(shí)應(yīng)放于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。?
8?___sheeats,___shellbe.?
A.More…fatB.Themore…fatter?
C.More…thefatterD.Themore…thefatter?
[答案]D.?
[析]the+比較級(jí)表示"越來(lái)越……"本句應(yīng)譯為:她吃得越多,她就會(huì)越胖。?
9?IdontthinkEnglishis___Chinese.?
A.asimportantasB.notimportantas?
C.notsoimportantD.importantas?
[答案]A.?
[析]think+賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),應(yīng)采用否定主句的形式,如:中文講,"我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)",英文應(yīng)為:"我不認(rèn)為你對(duì)"。Idontthinkyouareright.所以不能選答案B。而C、D均為不正確的表達(dá)法。?
10?MissGaoisagoodEnglishteacher.Thestudentsinherclass___English.?A.areinterestedinB.areinterestingin?
C.areinterestedatD.areinterestingto?
[答案]A.?
[析]過去分詞常用來(lái)修飾人,而現(xiàn)在分詞常用來(lái)修飾物,如:aninterestingbook,實(shí)際上過去分詞含有被動(dòng)之意,如:interested其含意是"被……所吸引,感動(dòng)"。而interesting則為"使人感興趣的",如:aninterestingman一個(gè)有趣、風(fēng)趣的人。?
11?Thetwinsaretogethermostofthetime.Sotheyneverfeel_.?A.aloneB.lonelyC.happilyD.friendly?
[答案]B.?
[析]alone意為"獨(dú)自的,一個(gè)人的",它只能作表語(yǔ)不能作定語(yǔ)。Iamnotaloneindoingsuchathing.而lonely意為"寂寞的,孤單的",如:Theoldmanfeltlonely.要體會(huì)兩個(gè)詞的區(qū)別,如:Theoldmanlivedalone,buthedidntfeellonely.?
12?Whata___cough!Youseem___ill.?
A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terrible?
C.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly?
[答案]A.?
[析]terrible是形容詞,而terribly是副詞,第一個(gè)空是修飾名詞的,所以應(yīng)填入形容詞。第二個(gè)空ill是形容詞,這里terribly是用來(lái)修飾ill的。?
13?Thetwofriendswere___pleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgoteverything.?A.soB.tooC.veryD.much?
[答案]A.?
[析]這里用的是so…that的固定搭配。?
14?Whichis___,LiLeisboxorHanMeimeisbox??
A.heavyB.heavierC.moreheavierD.theheaviest?
[答案]B.?
[析]兩者之間用比較級(jí),三者或以上用最高級(jí)。?
15?YoudontlikethesamecoloursandIdontlikethem,___.?
A.tooB.alsoC.eitherD.neither?
[答案]C.?
[析]在否定句中也應(yīng)用either,而不要用too,因too用于肯定句中。?
16?Jimis___atallhislessons.AndImsurehelldovery___intheexams.?
A.well,goodB.good,wellC.well,wellD.good,good?
[答案]B.?
[析]good為形容詞,如:Heisgood.他是個(gè)好人。而well作為身體狀況的好壞講時(shí)是形容詞,如:Heiswell為他身體不錯(cuò),而作為其他意思時(shí)為副詞,如:HespeaksEnglishwell.?
17?Youlook___thanbefore,why??
A.morethinB.morethinner
C.muchmorethinD.muchthinner?
[答案]D.?
[析]多音節(jié)形容詞才用more或most加形容詞來(lái)表示其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí),而thin的比較級(jí)為thinner。?
18?Letsgooutforsuppernow.Imvery___.?
A.hungryB.angryC.tiredD.thirsty?
[答案]A.?
[析]hungry-餓,angry-生氣,tired-緊,疲勞,thirsty-口渴。要注意名詞的詞義。?
19?-Canyouunderstandme??
-Sorry,Ican___understandyou.?
A.hardlyB.almostC.evenD.ever?
[答案]A.?
[析]hardly為一否定詞,用在句中時(shí)應(yīng)被看作是否定句。在答語(yǔ)中Sorry決定了其意為"聽不明白",所以只能選hardly。?
20?"___doyouwritetoyourpenfriend?"?
"Abouttwiceamonth."?
A.HowoftenB.HowsoonC.HowmuchD.Howlong?
[答案]A.?
[析]howoften用來(lái)提問某一動(dòng)作經(jīng)多久就要發(fā)生一次,也就是提問發(fā)生的頻率。howsoon是問從現(xiàn)在起還有多久。?
21?ChangjiangRiveris___riverinChina??
A.longB.longerC.longestD.thelongest?[答案]D.?
22?Illwork___Ican.?
A.sohardlyasB.sohardasC.ashardlyasD.ashardas?
[答案]D.?
[析]hard可用作形容詞和副詞,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood?又如:Itisraininghard。而hardly是副詞,其詞義是"幾乎不",如:HardlydidIsleeplastnight.我昨晚幾乎沒有睡覺。而且hardly用于句首時(shí)要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。as…as即可以用于肯定句,也可以用于否定句,但so…as則只能用于否定句中。?
23?Itisvery___tolistentohim.?
A.interestedB.interestingC.interestedinD.interest?
[答案]B.?
[析]interest作為名詞有兩個(gè)詞義,①興趣,②銀行中所講的利息。而其形容詞interesting是"使人感興趣的",而interested是"感興趣的"如:HeisinterestedinEnglish.?
24?Thingsare___worsethanIthought.?
A.moreB.fewC.veryD.much?
[答案]D.?[析]只有much可以修飾比較級(jí)。?
25?Itisoneoclock,butherfatherhasntcomeback___.?
A.alreadyB.stillC.tooD.yet?
[答案]D.?
[析]完成時(shí)的否定句尾要用yet,而already則用于肯定句。?
26?ComradeChenis___olderthanI.?
A.veryB.moreC.muchD.quite?
[答案]C.?
[析]只有much可以修飾比較級(jí)??梢孕揎棻容^級(jí)的詞還有much,far,evenalittle,byfar等。?
27?Shedidherhomework___.?
A.carefullyB.carefulC.careD.careless?
[答案]A.?
[析]這里應(yīng)填入副詞,而careless是由care加less后輟得來(lái)的,less意為"沒有",是否定之意,如:careless-不小心,homeless-無(wú)家可歸。而carefully為副詞。?
28?TheycantanswerthequestioninJapanese;wecantanswerit,___.?
A.alsoB.tooC.eitherD.neither?[答案]C.?
29?-Howareyourparents??
-Theyarevery___,thankyou.?
A.goodB.kindC.wellD.happy?
[答案]C.?
[析]由問句得知其詢問的是身體如何,所以well作為身體狀況不錯(cuò)時(shí)應(yīng)視為形容詞。?
30?Peterruns___inourclass.?
A.thefastB.fasterC.fastestD.mostfast?
[答案]C.?
[析]副詞的最高級(jí)前可以加定冠詞,也可以不加定冠詞。?
31?Wewereall___gladthatwesanganddanced.?
A.suchB.soC.veryD.quite?
[答案]B.?
[析]在so與that之間只有形容詞時(shí)不可用such。?
32?Katesings___Joan.?
A.aswellasB.asgoodasC.sogoodasD.asbetteras?
[答案]A.?[析]這里well為副詞,意為"唱得好"。?
33?Thiseggsmells___,thoughitlooksallright.?
A.goodB.wellC.badD?badly?
[答案]C.?
[析]smell為系動(dòng)詞,其后應(yīng)加形容詞,而不是副詞。同樣的詞,還有sound,feel,seem、become(變成)等等,如:Icefeelscoldinwinter.
34?Waitaminute,Ihave___totellyou.?
A.somethinginterestedB.somethinginteresting?
C.interestingsomethingD.anythinginteresting?
[答案]B.?[析]修飾不定代詞的修飾詞要放在不定代詞之后。
35?Ishallvisityou___nextyear.?
A.sometimesB.sometimeC.sometimeD.sometimes?
[答案]B.?
[析]sometimes有時(shí),sometime某一時(shí)刻,sometime一段時(shí)間,sometimes若干次?
36?Mysistersaidshewouldtrytospeak___Englisheveryday.
A.alittleB.afewC.litttleD.few?
[答案]A.?
[析]little修飾不可數(shù)名詞,而alittle意為"一些,一點(diǎn)"。?
37?Ihave___friendshereandIoftenvisitthem.?
A.fewB.littleC.afewD.alittle?
[答案]C.[析]afew意為"有些",few后面要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
38?Ofallthesebooks,doyouthink,whichoneis___??
A.interestingB.muchinteresting?
C.moreinterestingD.themostinteresting?
[答案]D.?[析]Ofallthesebooks是用來(lái)表示最高級(jí)的范圍
相關(guān)知識(shí)
中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講例析形容詞副詞
中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講例析形容詞副詞
(一)知識(shí)概要?
形容詞的用法很活躍,在英語(yǔ)中用處也很多,但英語(yǔ)中修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語(yǔ)和詞組有時(shí)不同,要特別加以注意。下面將初中學(xué)習(xí)階段中遇到的修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組歸納如下:many,no,several,some,afew,alot,lots,plenty,plentyof,alotof,alargenumberof,enough。而修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或詞組如下:much,no,some,alot,agreatdeal,lots,plenty,alotof,plentyof。?其中some,no,alotof,plentyof既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。?英語(yǔ)中形容詞與副詞有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)之分,其規(guī)則如下:?
構(gòu)詞法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)加er,或estTall
youngtaller?
younger
tallest
youngest
只加r或stnice?
large
nicer
larger
nicest?
largest
重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)雙寫該字母加er、estbig?
fat?
hot
bigger
fatter
hotter
biggest?
fattest
hottest
不規(guī)則變化的形容詞或副詞:?
原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)
goodbetterbest
Wellbetterbest
badworseworst
badlyworseworst
manymoremost
mostmoremost
littlelesslest
farfarther
further
farthest
furthest
oldolder?
elder
oldest?
eldest
要注意的是許多形容詞同時(shí)又是副詞,如:back,all,alone,either,far,high,slow等。而有些形容詞則要經(jīng)過一定變化才能轉(zhuǎn)為副詞,其規(guī)律如下:?
構(gòu)詞法形容詞副詞
一般加lyCareful
kind
carefully
kindly
尾是y時(shí)將y變成i加lyHappy
busy
easy
Happily
busily
easily
其他true
terrible
full
possible
shy
whole
truly
terribly
fully
possibly
shyly
wholly
在學(xué)習(xí)過程中要注意其變化。?
此外并不是所有副詞都可以修飾比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形容詞。能修飾比較級(jí)的有:much,yet,far,still,agreatdeal,even和alittle.能修飾最高級(jí)的有:thevery,muchthe,far等。?
(二)正誤辨析?
[誤]Theyounglikesplayingfootballverymuch.?
[正]Theyounglikeplayingfootballverymuch.?
[析]定冠詞加形容詞表示一類人,應(yīng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時(shí)則要看作單數(shù),如:Thebeautifulisnotalwayskindness.美麗并不總代表善良。?
[誤]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstareover.?
[正]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstisover.?
[析]意為:"危險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)過去,最困難的狀況已結(jié)束。"用定冠詞加最高級(jí)形容詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)形式。?
[誤]Itisthegoldageoftheyoung.?
[正]Itisthegoldenageoftheyoung.?
[析]golden在英語(yǔ)中多用于比喻,如:goldenhair金發(fā),guldenvoice金嗓子。而gold多用于表達(dá)金質(zhì)的,如:agoldbar金條,agoldcoin金幣,但goldfish金魚例外。
[誤]Sheisawarmheartwoman.?
[正]Sheisawarm?heartedwoman.?
[析]英語(yǔ)形容詞的構(gòu)詞法很多,其中之一是由形容詞,或數(shù)詞,加名詞加ed構(gòu)成,如:?warm?hoarted熱心腸的,white?haired白毛的?
[誤]Thereisanalivefishinthepool.?
[正]Thereisalivingfishinthepool.?
[析]在初中范圍內(nèi)所學(xué)到的以a字母開頭的形容詞一般不能作定語(yǔ),只能作表語(yǔ)。如:Thefishisalive.(魚還活著)這樣的形容詞有:alive,alike,alone,asleep,afraid,awake等。?
[誤]Theillmannearlydied.?
[正]Thesickmannearlydied.?
[析]ill一般不作定語(yǔ)來(lái)形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表語(yǔ)時(shí)則都可以。如:Heisillsick,ill作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則另有他意,如:illluck(厄運(yùn)),illnature(天性惡劣),illtemper(心緒不好)?
[誤]Ihaveimportantsomethingtotellyou.?
[正]Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.?
[析]不定代詞something,anyone,somebody…在用形容詞修飾時(shí),形容詞應(yīng)放其后。但要注意thing則不是不定代詞,不符合上述規(guī)律。如:Ihaveanimportantthingtotellyou.?
[誤]IllbefreeonnextSunday.?
[正]IllbefreenextSunday.?
[析]在表達(dá)將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候:nextSunday,nextweek,nextyear或lastSundaylastweek,lastyear前都不加介詞。?
[誤]Thegirlistwo?yearold.?
[正]Thegirlistwoyearsold.?
[正]Sheisatwo?year?oldgirl??
[析]由連字符連接若干名詞、數(shù)詞……組成的形容詞,在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要記住兩點(diǎn),其一是這些詞中的名詞都不要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:two?thousand?wordreport(兩千字的報(bào)告);其二是這樣構(gòu)成的形容詞只能作定語(yǔ),即用于名詞之前,而不能作表語(yǔ)。?
[誤]TheforeignerslikethoselittlebeautifulChinesepaintings.?
[正]TheforeignerslikethosebeautifullittleChinesepaintings.?
[析]在名詞前若有幾個(gè)形容詞作修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序如下。?
1.指示代詞,定冠詞2.數(shù)量詞3.性質(zhì)詞4.大小?5.形狀6.老少,新舊7.顏色8.材料?
但要注意的是英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣是一個(gè)名詞前的形容詞一般不要多于三個(gè)。?
如:Whataprettylittlewhitehorse!?
ThosefirstfewshortEnglishstorieswerenotdifficulttounderstand.?
[誤]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishgoodistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.
[正]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.
[析]good是形容詞,這里是修飾動(dòng)詞speak的,所以應(yīng)用副詞well,但well作形容詞講時(shí)只作身體好。如:Heiswell.(他身體很好)。Heisgood.(他是個(gè)好人)。?
[誤]Thechildrenplayonthegrassnappyly.?
[正]Thechildrenplayonthegrasshappily??
[析]多音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時(shí)應(yīng)將y變?yōu)閕再加ly.?
[誤]Theteacherlookedangryatthestudents.?
[正]Theteacherlookedangrilyatthestudents.?
[析]英語(yǔ)中感觀動(dòng)詞后面要接形容詞,這時(shí)它是修飾主語(yǔ)的,如:Thefoodsmellsgood.食物聞起來(lái)很香。Theteacherlookedangry老師看起來(lái)很生氣。?而此句的意思為:"老師生氣地看著學(xué)生",所以應(yīng)用副詞形式。?
[誤]Heworkedwithmefriendly.?
[正]Hewasfriendlytome.?
[析]不是所有結(jié)尾是ly的詞都是副詞,但friendly是形容詞,這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ovely,lonely,costly,lively…monthlyweekly…。但其中有些詞既是副詞,又是形容詞,如:early,hourly,monthly…?
[誤]Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofyourfriends.?
[正]Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofyourfriends.?
[析]free作為形容詞意為"自由的,有空閑的,免費(fèi)的"。作為副詞講則是"免費(fèi)"之意。而freely作為副詞則是"自由的,隨便的"。這些要注意的詞還有:?hard努力,艱苦hardly幾乎不late遲,晚?lately最近的,最新的near近nearly幾乎?like像likely幾乎?
[誤]Theymusthavearrivedtillnow.?
[正]Theymusthavearrivedbynow.?
[析]bynow是用于表達(dá)到目前為止某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,所以應(yīng)用瞬間動(dòng)詞。而tillnow是強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,所以一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。?musthave+過去分詞是對(duì)過去某一事情所作的肯定推測(cè)。?
[誤]Someonecalledyourightnow.?
[正]Someonecalledyoujustnow.?
[析]justnow有兩個(gè)意思,其一是"剛才",其二是"現(xiàn)在",而rightnow只能用于現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。just則用于完成時(shí)態(tài),如:Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.?
[誤]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericaatpresent.?
[正]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericapresently.?
[析]presently有兩個(gè)意思:其一是最近,不久,其二在美語(yǔ)中是現(xiàn)在之意,與atpresent相同。而forthepresent為暫時(shí),如:IteachEnglishintheschoolforthepresent.
[誤]Illbebackatthemoment.?
[正]Illbebackinamoment.?
[析]atthemoment其意為"現(xiàn)在,當(dāng)時(shí)",而inamoment意為"馬上過一會(huì)",與inaminute意思相近。?
[誤]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereintime.?
[正]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereontime.?
[析]ontime為"準(zhǔn)時(shí)",而intime有兩個(gè)含意。其一是"及時(shí)",如:Thedoctorarrivedintime。其二是"將來(lái),終究"。?
[誤]Imetanoldfriendsometimeslastmonth.?
[正]Imetanoldfriendsometimelastmonth.?
[析]Sometime過去,或者將來(lái)某時(shí)。?Sometimes有時(shí)?
如:SometimesIgotoschoolbybus.?Sometime一些時(shí)間?
如:Ineedsometimetodomyhomework.?Sometimes幾次?
如:IwenttoShanghaisometimesthismonth.?
attimes有時(shí),偶爾?
atalltimes經(jīng)常?
someothertime改天?
[誤]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?
[正]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysbefore.?
[正]Imetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?
*ago用在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中時(shí),主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過去時(shí),而before用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)則主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞宜用完成時(shí)態(tài)。?
[誤]Hestudiedveryhard.andattheendhepassedtheexam.?
[正]Hestudiedveryhard,andintheendhepassedtheexam.?
[析]intheend=atlast意為"最終,終于",表達(dá)經(jīng)過若干努力而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。而attheend是在某事的結(jié)束時(shí)如何如何,如:Attheendofclass,theteachergaveussomestorybooks。?
[誤]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueachthreedays.?
[正]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueverythreedays.?
[析]everythreedays為"每三天",即每隔二天,而everyotherday為每隔一天。
[誤]Hedidntgotothecinemayesterday.andIdidntgo,too.?
[正]HedidntgotothecinemayesterdayandIdidntgoeither.?
[析]英語(yǔ)中表示"也",有4個(gè)字,also,aswell,too,either,但either用于否定句中,而前3個(gè)用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too與aswell一般要用在句尾,而also則可用于句中。如:Shewenttothepartyandherboyfriendwenttheretoo.又如:Ivealsoreadherothernovels.?
[誤]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?
[正]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?
[析]anyway為"不管怎么"講,"無(wú)論如何",如:Whataterribleaccident,anywaynoonewashurt.?
anyway為"任何方式"。這種常見的錯(cuò)誤還發(fā)生在以下幾組詞中,如:?
everyday日常的everyday每天?
faraway遙遠(yuǎn)的faraway遠(yuǎn)離?
altogether總計(jì)alltogether一塊,大家一起?
already已經(jīng)allready全準(zhǔn)備好了?
[誤]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.?
[正]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.?
[析]anytime是副詞而anytime中的time是名詞。?
[誤]Shesaidnearlynothing.?
[正]Shesaidalmostnothing.?
[析]nearly與almost的含意相近,在很多場(chǎng)合可以互換,但在否定詞前用almost。
[誤]Therearetoomuchmistakesinyourhomework.?
[正]Therearetoomanymistakesinyourhomework.?
[析]toomuch后接不可數(shù)名詞,如:Thereistoomuchwaterfortheflowers.而toomany后加可數(shù)名詞,muchtoo后面加形容詞,如:ItismuchtoodifficulttolearnEnglishwell.?
[誤]Itislateenoughthatwecangohomenow.?
[正]Itislateenoughforustogohomenow.?
[析]要注意的是enough后面一般不接從句而接不定式,或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):forsomebodytodosomething。?
[誤]Thetwinsareveryalike.?
[正]Thetwinsaremuchalike.?
[析]用a為首字母的形容詞不能用very修飾,一般要用much來(lái)修飾。?
[誤]-Howlongdoeshewritetohisparents??
-Onceaweek.?
[正]-Howoftendoeshewritetohisparents??
-Onceaweek.?
[析]英文與中文表達(dá)法不同,隔多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間辦一次某事,實(shí)際上問的是該事發(fā)生的頻率,所以要用howoften。?
[誤]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Illcallupyou.?
[正]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Illcallyouup.?
[析]當(dāng)動(dòng)詞詞組的賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)則一定要放于動(dòng)詞之后,如果是名詞則可以放在詞組其后。?如:IwanttowatchTV.PleaseturnontheTV.也可以講:PleaseturntheTVon.?
[誤]Hedrovequicklyhisnewcar.?
[正]Hedrovehisnewcarquickly.?
[析]副詞在句中的位置很活,但主要有以下幾種用法:①實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前,如:Hequicklygivemetheanswer.②在be動(dòng)詞之后,如:Thelittleboyisoftenlateforclass.③第一助動(dòng)詞之后,如:Thisbookhasalmostbeenfinished.④在單獨(dú)使用的be動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之前,如:Canyouhelpmethisafternoon??Icertainlycan.?但是無(wú)論如何也不能將副詞置于動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間,如果是賓語(yǔ)從句或是很長(zhǎng)的名詞
詞組作賓語(yǔ)則才可以這樣用:?
Heheardclearlywhattheteachersaid.?
[誤]Thechildrencamelateyesterdaytothecinema.?
[正]Thechildrencamelatetothecinemayesterday.?
[析]表示一定長(zhǎng)度的時(shí)間的副詞不應(yīng)放于句中,可放于句尾。如果表示強(qiáng)調(diào)則可放于句首。
[誤]Youhavefewnewbooks,haventyou??
[正]youhavefewnewbooks,haveyou??
[析]英語(yǔ)中的數(shù)量形容詞有兩組。修飾可數(shù)名詞的有few(很少,幾乎沒有),afew(有一些,幾個(gè));修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle(很少,幾乎沒有),alittle(有一點(diǎn),有一些)。要注意的是當(dāng)few和little用于句中時(shí)應(yīng)看作否定句,而afew和alittle用于句中時(shí)則應(yīng)看作是肯定句。
[誤]Hespentquitelittlemoneyonhisfood.?
[正]Hespentquitealittlemoneyonhisfood.?
[析]quitea為一固定用法,其意為"十分,相當(dāng),所以"。quiteafew=many,quitealittle=much而onlyalittle=little,onlyafew=few.?
[誤]Doyouwanttohavemanybread??
[正]Doyouwanttohavesomebread??
[析]some與any都可以用作形容詞、副詞或代詞,在一般情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于疑問句和否定句,但在希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí),應(yīng)用some。其次是some可以用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]Pleasetellmewheretheshoesshopis??
[正]Pleasetellmewheretheshoeshopis.?
[析]在用名詞作修飾詞來(lái)修飾另一名詞時(shí),這個(gè)作修飾詞的名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,如:?
ashoeshop鞋店
afruitshop水果店
abookshop書店?
apostoffice郵局
apolicestation警察局
abusstop汽車站?
[誤]Heisweakatphysics.?
[正]Heisweakinphysics.?
[析]在表達(dá)擅長(zhǎng)于作某事時(shí)用begoodatsomething,而其反意詞為bebadatsomething,但beweakinsomething。?
[誤]Thisdictionaryisworthtobuy.?
[正]Thisdictionaryisworthbuying.?
[析]beworth后可接動(dòng)、名詞表達(dá)值得作某事,又可接價(jià)格、金錢表示值多少錢。?
[誤]Dontafraidofthat.?
[正]Dontbeafraidofthat.?
[析]afraid在英文中是形容詞而不是動(dòng)詞。這樣的詞組還有:?
beafraidof害怕becarefulof小心?
becertainof有把握,確定besureof確信?
begladof高興besickof厭惡?
befondof喜歡?
[誤]Theworkhasalreadybeendonewell.?
[正]Theworkhasalreadybeenwelldone.?
[析]well與badly作副詞時(shí),表示好壞,如果句子是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),則應(yīng)放在過去分詞之前,如:Thismachinehasbeenbadlydamaged.如果句子是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),則應(yīng)放于句末,如:Ididmyhomeworkwell.?
[誤]Weareyetintheclassroomnow.?
[正]Wearealreadyintheclassroomnow.?
[析]already主要用于肯定句,而yet多用于否定句和疑問句中,如:
Didyoufinishit?No.notyet.?
[誤]Look.Herecomeshe!?
[正]Look!Herehecomes!?
[誤]Look!Herethebuscomes!?
[正]Look!Herecomesthebus!?
[析]在句子開頭用Here時(shí),如主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞則不要用倒裝語(yǔ)序,如果主語(yǔ)是名詞則要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。?
[誤]Sheismyoldersister.?
[正]Sheismyeldersister.?
[析]elder和eldest是用來(lái)指家庭中兄弟姐妹的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系,而older,oldest則是指歲數(shù)大多少,如:SheisthreeyearsolderthanI.?
[誤]Imtired.Icantgofurther.?
[正]Imtired.Icantgofarther.?
[析]far有兩個(gè)比較級(jí)farther較遠(yuǎn)的,further進(jìn)一步的,如:Doyouneedanyfurtherexplanation?你需要進(jìn)一步的解釋嗎?當(dāng)然它也有兩個(gè)最高級(jí)。farthest和furthest.?
[誤]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsbefore.?
[正]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsago.?
[析]ago常與過去時(shí)連用,而before則多與完成時(shí)連用。?
[誤]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??
-No,notalready.?
[正]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??
-No,notyet.?
[析]仍然有三個(gè)英文字可以表達(dá)它們是already,yet與still。要注意的是already經(jīng)常用于肯定句中,如Thebushasalreadygone。而yet多用于疑問句和否定句中,如:Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?而still則常用于主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間,如:Westillcantdecidewhattodo.但也有時(shí)用于be動(dòng)詞之后,如:Heisstillhere.?
[誤]HeisveryhigherthanIam.?
[正]HeismuchhigherthanIam.?
[析]much可以用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí),而very則用來(lái)修飾形容詞原級(jí),如:Imverytired.
[誤]-CanIwalktothestation??-Youdbetternot.Itisveryfar.?
[正]-CanIwalktothestation??
-Youdbetternot,Itisalongway.?
[析]for一般用在疑問句與否定句中,如:Howfarisitfromheretothestation?又如:Itisntfar.?
[誤]IveeverbeentoAmerica.?
[正]IvebeentoAmericaonce.?
[析]once多用于肯定句,而ever則用于疑問句,否定句,及條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,如:HaveyoueverbeentoLondon??
[誤]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??
-No,Iamnotafraidso.?
[正]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??
-No,Imafraidnot.?
[析]在肯定的答語(yǔ)中我們可以用so來(lái)代替上句所講的事件,如:Doyouthinksheisagoodstudent?YesIthinkso,/Ihopeso,/Ibelieveso/Imafraidso.但在否定的答語(yǔ)中,英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法則有所不同,如,Idontthinkso而在hope,belive與afraid后則常用not,如:Ihopenot.?
[誤]Shedidntworkenoughhard,soshecouldntpasstheexam.?
[正]Shedidntworkhardenough,soshecouldntpasstheexam.?
[析]enough可以作名詞用,如:EnoughhasbeensaidforhowtolearnEnglishwell.(對(duì)于如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)講的足夠多了。)?另外它可以作為形容詞,如:Ihaveenoughmoney(ormoneyenough)tobuythisdictionary.注意enough作為形容詞時(shí)即可放于名詞前又可放于名詞后,在初中范圍的考題中多用于名詞之前。如果enough作為副詞用,那么它一定要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。?
[誤]Youcantbeverycareful.?
[正]Youcantbetoocareful.?
[析]此句話的含意是你如何小心也不過分。too…to的用法是"太……以至于不能作某事"。但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用時(shí)也常常將后面的to省去,如:Itistooexpensiveforme.那對(duì)我來(lái)講是太貴了。?
[誤]Heisgoodpastfifty.?
[正]Heiswellpastfifty.?
[析]well作為副詞用時(shí)除用于"好"之外還有"大大地、遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地",等意。往往有人對(duì)下面兩句的對(duì)或錯(cuò)有爭(zhēng)議;?
Heiswell.?
Heisgood.?
其實(shí)這兩句都是正確的表達(dá)法,只不過其含意不同。Heiswell是"他身體不錯(cuò)",而Heisgood則為"他是個(gè)好人"。?
[誤]Sheisnotashalfcleverasherbrother.?
[正]Sheisnothalfascleverasherbrother.?
[析]在as…as結(jié)構(gòu)中要將修飾形容詞的數(shù)量詞倍數(shù)及nearly,almost,exactly…等置?于第一?個(gè)as之前。?
[誤]HeissameageasTom.?
[正]HeisthesameageasTom.?
[析]thesame…as是固定的用法,其中定冠詞the是不可省也不能換成別的詞的。?
[誤]Motherandherdaughterareexactlylike.?
[正]Motherandherdaughterareexactlyalike.?
*like作為介詞,其意為"像",應(yīng)用于looklike,belike,soundlike,其后要加賓語(yǔ)。而?alike?是形容詞,或副詞,如:YouandIthinkalike.Thetwinsaredressedalike。但alike僅作表語(yǔ)而不能用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。?
[誤]Whoistallerofthetwo??
[正]Whoisthetallerofthetwo??
[析]兩者的比較級(jí)之前要加定冠詞。?
[誤]IhavelessbooksthanTom.?
[正]IhavefewerbooksthanTom.?
[析]less是little的比較級(jí),而fewer是few的比較級(jí)。less后應(yīng)加不可數(shù)名詞而fewer后是可數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.TheclevererisMary.?
[正]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.ThecleverestisMary.?
[析]在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級(jí),在三者之間或三者以上的范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用最高級(jí)。?
[誤]Theboysatthereasquietashissister.?
[正]Theboysatthereasquietlyashissister.?
[析]as…as的用法要注意的是:①在其中間應(yīng)加形容詞或副詞的原級(jí),而不可加比較級(jí),也有的語(yǔ)法書中稱為同級(jí)比較。②要根據(jù)句意決定是加形容詞還是副詞,這要看它具體是修飾動(dòng)詞還是名詞而定,如:Heisasgoodashisfriend.?
[誤]Theharderyoustudy,andyoucanlearnmore.?
[正]Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn.?
[析]英文中如果要表達(dá)越來(lái)越怎樣,在初中范圍有兩種表達(dá)法:①比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)。②定冠詞+比較級(jí)……,如:Thenightsaregettinglongerandlonger。要注意的是多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)前要加more,這樣的用法是:moreandmore加形容詞,如:Thegirlisgrowingmoreandmorebeautiful.?
[誤]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingastolearnEnglish.?
[正]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingaslearningEnglish.?
[析]在作比較時(shí),英語(yǔ)一般要求對(duì)比的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致。如用動(dòng)名詞,應(yīng)都用動(dòng)名詞,用不定式時(shí)則都用不定式。但有時(shí)在后一個(gè)不定式前的符號(hào)to可以省略。如:Torepairtheoldoneisasmuchexpensiveas(to)buyanewone.?
[誤]Thegirlismoreclevererthantheboy.?
[正]Thegirlismuchmoreclever(muchcleverer)thantheboy.?
[析]clever有兩個(gè)比較級(jí):cleverer和moreclever,要注意的是不能用比較級(jí)來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)。?clever的兩個(gè)比較級(jí)也各有不同之處,如用在兩種不同性質(zhì)的比較時(shí)多用moreclever,如:Heismorecleverthanhonest.(他的聰明要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過其誠(chéng)實(shí)。)?
[析]Theboyisthetallesttothethree.?
[正]Theboyisthetallestofthethree.?
[析]最高級(jí)的范圍要用of加復(fù)數(shù)形式或加集合名詞。?
[誤]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionary.?
[正]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionaries.?
[析]在oneof后面最高級(jí)形容詞后要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。?
[誤]ThisdictionaryisthemuchbestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.
[正]ThisdictionaryismuchthebestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.
[析]在修飾最高級(jí)時(shí)應(yīng)用far/byfar/much加the加最高級(jí)。但very例外,如:Heistheverybestplayerintheteam.?
[誤]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercitiesinChina.?
[正]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.?
[析]在比較級(jí)中表示比較對(duì)象時(shí)如用anyother其后一般要加單數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]MostofstoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[正]MostofthestoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[正]MoststoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[析]"大多數(shù)"一詞的表達(dá)法有mostofthe+名詞,或most+名詞。當(dāng)用前一種結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),其后面的定冠詞不可少。?
[誤]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthisroom.?
[正]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthatofthisroom.?
[析]比較級(jí)用于兩句話之間時(shí),比較的部分不可省略掉,但為了避免重復(fù),一般都要用that代替前面的單數(shù)名詞,而用those代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:Thebooksinthatboxarebiggerthanthoseinthisbox。?
[誤]Heisnomorehere.Maybeheisathome.?
[正]Heisnolongerhere.Maybeheisathome.?
[析]nomore在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中多譯為:"從此再也不會(huì)了",如:Hisvoiceisnomorehere.他已經(jīng)去世了,他的聲音不可能再出現(xiàn)了。而用nolonger表達(dá)目前的狀態(tài)。要注意下面幾組句子的實(shí)際含意:?Thisroomisnocleanerthanthatone.即兩間屋子都不干凈。(兩者都不干凈)Thisroomisnotcleanerthanthatone,即這屋子不如那間干凈。(前者不如后者干凈。即一間干凈,一間不干凈。)?
(三)例題解析?
1?IthinkChineseis___thanmaths.?
A.interestingB?moreinteresting?
C.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting?
[答案]B.?
[析]在有than作比較的句子中應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。?
2?-WhatdoesLucylikebetter,singingordancing??
-Singing.ofcourse.Shesknownto___it.?
A.begoodatB.begoodfor
C.bebadatD.bebadfor?
[答案]A.?
[析]begoodat為固定搭配,意為"擅長(zhǎng)作某事"。初中英語(yǔ)中有些這樣的固定用法應(yīng)記牢,而不能似是而非。如:?begoodat,bebadat,bepoorin,beweekin,befitfor?
3?TheHuangHeRiverisoneof___inChina.?
A.ThelongriverB.thelongestriver?
C.thelongestriversD.thelongerriver?
[答案]C.?
[析]在oneof+定冠詞+最高級(jí)之后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。?
4?Thegirlwas___afraid___shethrewherbagaway.?
A.so,thatB.too,toC.too,thatD.enough,to?
[答案]A.?
[析]so…that為"如此怎樣以至于如何",此句意思是:小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。而too…to的意思為"如何如何,以至于不能作某事"。但to的后面是動(dòng)詞原形,而不是從句。?
5?Itwas___yesterdaythantoday.?
A.hotB.hoter
C.hotterD.thehottest?
[答案]C.?
[析]用than表達(dá)比較的句中應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。?
6?Whichsubjectdoyoulike___,EnglishChineseormaths??
A.bestB.well
C.betterD.good?
[答案]A.?
[析]在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級(jí),而在三者之間或三者以上用最高級(jí)。?
7?Noneofthestudentswatchedit___.?
A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefully
C.carefullyenoughD.enoughcareful?
[答案]C.?
[析]首先應(yīng)判定是選用用來(lái)修飾名詞的形容詞還是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞。這里是修飾watch這一動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)選用副詞。當(dāng)enough用來(lái)修飾副詞或形容詞時(shí)應(yīng)放于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。?
8?___sheeats,___shellbe.?
A.More…fatB.Themore…fatter?
C.More…thefatterD.Themore…thefatter?
[答案]D.?
[析]the+比較級(jí)表示"越來(lái)越……"本句應(yīng)譯為:她吃得越多,她就會(huì)越胖。?
9?IdontthinkEnglishis___Chinese.?
A.asimportantasB.notimportantas?
C.notsoimportantD.importantas?
[答案]A.?
[析]think+賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),應(yīng)采用否定主句的形式,如:中文講,"我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)",英文應(yīng)為:"我不認(rèn)為你對(duì)"。Idontthinkyouareright.所以不能選答案B。而C、D均為不正確的表達(dá)法。?
10?MissGaoisagoodEnglishteacher.Thestudentsinherclass___English.?A.areinterestedinB.areinterestingin?
C.areinterestedatD.areinterestingto?
[答案]A.?
[析]過去分詞常用來(lái)修飾人,而現(xiàn)在分詞常用來(lái)修飾物,如:aninterestingbook,實(shí)際上過去分詞含有被動(dòng)之意,如:interested其含意是"被……所吸引,感動(dòng)"。而interesting則為"使人感興趣的",如:aninterestingman一個(gè)有趣、風(fēng)趣的人。?
11?Thetwinsaretogethermostofthetime.Sotheyneverfeel___.?
A.aloneB.lonely
C.happilyD.friendly?
[答案]B.?
[析]alone意為"獨(dú)自的,一個(gè)人的",它只能作表語(yǔ)不能作定語(yǔ)。Iamnotaloneindoingsuchathing.而lonely意為"寂寞的,孤單的",如:Theoldmanfeltlonely.要體會(huì)兩個(gè)詞的區(qū)別,如:Theoldmanlivedalone,buthedidntfeellonely.?
12?Whata___cough!Youseem___ill.?
A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terrible?
C.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly?
[答案]A.?
[析]terrible是形容詞,而terribly是副詞,第一個(gè)空是修飾名詞的,所以應(yīng)填入形容詞。第二個(gè)空ill是形容詞,這里terribly是用來(lái)修飾ill的。?
13?Thetwofriendswere___pleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgoteverything.?A.soB.too
C.veryD.much?
[答案]A.?
[析]這里用的是so…that的固定搭配。?
14?Whichis___,LiLeisboxorHanMeimeisbox??
A.heavyB.heavier
C.moreheavierD.theheaviest?
[答案]B.?
[析]兩者之間用比較級(jí),三者或以上用最高級(jí)。?
15?YoudontlikethesamecoloursandIdontlikethem,___.?
A.tooB.also
C.eitherD.neither?
[答案]C.?
[析]在否定句中也應(yīng)用either,而不要用too,因too用于肯定句中。?
16?Jimis___atallhislessons.AndImsurehelldovery___intheexams.?
A.well,goodB.good,well
C.well,wellD.good,good?
[答案]B.?
[析]good為形容詞,如:Heisgood.他是個(gè)好人。而well作為身體狀況的好壞講時(shí)是形容詞,如:Heiswell為他身體不錯(cuò),而作為其他意思時(shí)為副詞,如:HespeaksEnglishwell.?
17?Youlook___thanbefore,why??
A.morethinB.morethinner
C.muchmorethinD.muchthinner?
[答案]D.?
[析]多音節(jié)形容詞才用more或most加形容詞來(lái)表示其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí),而thin的比較級(jí)為thinner。?
18?Letsgooutforsuppernow.Imvery___.?
A.hungryB.angry
C.tiredD.thirsty?
[答案]A.?
[析]hungry-餓,angry-生氣,tired-緊,疲勞,thirsty-口渴。要注意名詞的詞義。?
19?-Canyouunderstandme??
-Sorry,Ican___understandyou.?
A.hardlyB.almost
C.evenD.ever?
[答案]A.?
[析]hardly為一否定詞,用在句中時(shí)應(yīng)被看作是否定句。在答語(yǔ)中Sorry決定了其意為"聽不明白",所以只能選hardly。?
20?"___doyouwritetoyourpenfriend?"?
"Abouttwiceamonth."?
A.HowoftenB.Howsoon
C.HowmuchD.Howlong?
[答案]A.?
[析]howoften用來(lái)提問某一動(dòng)作經(jīng)多久就要發(fā)生一次,也就是提問發(fā)生的頻率。howsoon是問從現(xiàn)在起還有多久。?
21?ChangjiangRiveris___riverinChina??
A.longB.longer
C.longestD.thelongest?
[答案]D.?
22?Illwork___Ican.?
A.sohardlyasB.sohardas
C.ashardlyasD.ashardas?
[答案]D.?
[析]hard可用作形容詞和副詞,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood?又如:Itisraininghard。而hardly是副詞,其詞義是"幾乎不",如:HardlydidIsleeplastnight.我昨晚幾乎沒有睡覺。而且hardly用于句首時(shí)要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。as…as即可以用于肯定句,也可以用于否定句,但so…as則只能用于否定句中。?
23?Itisvery___tolistentohim.?
A.interestedB.interesting
C.interestedinD.interest?
[答案]B.?
[析]interest作為名詞有兩個(gè)詞義,①興趣,②銀行中所講的利息。而其形容詞interesting是"使人感興趣的",而interested是"感興趣的"如:HeisinterestedinEnglish.?
24?Thingsare___worsethanIthought.?
A.moreB.few
C.veryD.much?
[答案]D.?
[析]只有much可以修飾比較級(jí)。?
25?Itisoneoclock,butherfatherhasntcomeback___.?
A.alreadyB.still
C.tooD.yet?
[答案]D.?
[析]完成時(shí)的否定句尾要用yet,而already則用于肯定句。?
26?ComradeChenis___olderthanI.?
A.veryB.more
C.muchD.quite?
[答案]C.?
[析]只有much可以修飾比較級(jí)。可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞還有much,far,evenalittle,byfar等。?
27?Shedidherhomework___.?
A.carefullyB.careful
C.careD.careless?
[答案]A.?
[析]這里應(yīng)填入副詞,而careless是由care加less后輟得來(lái)的,less意為"沒有",是否定之意,如:careless-不小心,homeless-無(wú)家可歸。而carefully為副詞。?
28?TheycantanswerthequestioninJapanese;wecantanswerit,___.?A.alsoB.too
C.eitherD.neither?
[答案]C.?
29?-Howareyourparents??
-Theyarevery___,thankyou.?
A.goodB.kind
C.wellD.happy?
[答案]C.?
[析]由問句得知其詢問的是身體如何,所以well作為身體狀況不錯(cuò)時(shí)應(yīng)視為形容詞。?30?Peterruns___inourclass.?
A.thefastB.faster
C.fastestD.mostfast?
[答案]C.?
[析]副詞的最高級(jí)前可以加定冠詞,也可以不加定冠詞。?
31?Wewereall___gladthatwesanganddanced.?
A.suchB.so
C.veryD.quite?
[答案]B.?
[析]在so與that之間只有形容詞時(shí)不可用such。?
32?Katesings___Joan.?
A.aswellasB.asgoodas
C.sogoodasD.asbetteras?
[答案]A.?
[析]這里well為副詞,意為"唱得好"。?
33?Thiseggsmells___,thoughitlooksallright.?
A.goodB.well
C.badD?badly?
[答案]C.?
[析]smell為系動(dòng)詞,其后應(yīng)加形容詞,而不是副詞。同樣的詞,還有sound,feel,seem、become(變成)等等,如:Icefeelscoldinwinter.?
34?Waitaminute,Ihave___totellyou.?
A.somethinginterestedB.somethinginteresting?
C.interestingsomethingD.anythinginteresting?
[答案]B.?
[析]修飾不定代詞的修飾詞要放在不定代詞之后。?
35?Ishallvisityou___nextyear.?
A.sometimesB.sometime
C.sometimeD.sometimes?
[答案]B.?
[析]sometimes有時(shí),sometime某一時(shí)刻,sometime一段時(shí)間,sometimes若干次?
36?Mysistersaidshewouldtrytospeak___Englisheveryday.?
A.alittleB.afew
C.litttleD.few?
[答案]A.?
[析]little修飾不可數(shù)名詞,而alittle意為"一些,一點(diǎn)"。?
37?Ihave___friendshereandIoftenvisitthem.?
A.fewB.little
C.afewD.alittle?
[答案]C.?
[析]afew意為"有些",few后面要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。?
38?Ofallthesebooks,doyouthink,whichoneis___??
A.interestingB.muchinteresting?
C.moreinterestingD.themostinteresting?
[答案]D.?
[析]Ofallthesebooks是用來(lái)表示最高級(jí)的范圍
中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納:形容詞副詞
中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納:形容詞副詞
課題:形容詞副詞的比較等級(jí)
重點(diǎn):形容詞副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
難點(diǎn):倍數(shù)的表達(dá)
一、以練習(xí)導(dǎo)課
27.—Yourroomisverydirty.Youshouldkeepit_____.
—OK.I’llsweepitrightaway.
A.cleanB.dryC.quietD.warm
33.TheInternetisreally_________tous.Wecandownloadalotofthingsfromit,
A.UsefulB.difficultC.differentD.safe
23—whyareyoudrivingso____.Tony?Imfeelingsick.
—Sorry,butthetrainisleavingin20minutes.Wehavetohurry.
A.oftenB.fastC.hardD.slowly
30.Idon’tthinkfastfoodisgoodforourhealth,soI_______gotoMacDonald.
A.seldomB.alwaysC.usuallyD.often
24.Nomatterwhathappens,thefactthatHuangyanIslandbelongstoChinawillchange.
A.everB.neverC.stillD.hardly
22.—Howoftendoyouexercise?
—ever.BecauseIamverybusywithmywork.
A.HardlyB.NearlyC.AlwaysD.Almost[來(lái)
31.Helenwassoexcitedatthenewsthatshecouldsayaword.
A.everB.almostC.hardlyD.always
28.TheflowersmellsandIlikeitverymuch.[中國(guó)教育出版*^#@網(wǎng)]A.wellB.goodC.badD.badly
24.Thefirelastnightdestroyedmanybuildings.,noonewaskilled.
A.ActuallyB.SimplyC.LuckilyD.Immediately
30.---didyougotothecinematosee3DTitanniclastnight?
----No,I________gotothecinema.Theticketsaretooexpensive
A.hardlyB.nearlyC.stillD.only
40.—Sonia,doyouthinkyouaredifferentfromLinda?
—Yes.Im______atdrawingthanher.
A.betterB.goodC.wellD.best
形容詞副詞的用法
形容詞的用法:1、形容詞修飾名詞,作定語(yǔ)
2、形容詞跟在系動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)
3、形容詞+不定式,作后置定語(yǔ)
副詞的用法:1、副詞修飾實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、形容詞和其他副詞
2、表示時(shí)間、程度的副詞可修飾整個(gè)句子
3、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等連接副詞(即Wh-和How類的特殊疑問詞)引導(dǎo)從句或后跟不定式
從形容詞到副詞的變化此類副詞修飾實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。
1、一般情況下,給形容詞后+ly
2、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的形容詞變y為i,再+ly
二、形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)
(一)形容詞副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成
1.單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成
規(guī)則
構(gòu)成方式
原級(jí)
比較級(jí)
最高級(jí)
一般情況
加-er或-est
new
long
newer
longer
newest
longest
以e結(jié)尾的詞
加-r或-st
fine
late
finer
later
finest
latest
以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的詞
變y為i再加-er或-est
early
happy
earlier
happier
earliest
happiest
重讀閉音節(jié)的詞末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母
先雙寫輔音字母,再加-er或-est
hot
thin
fat
hotter
thinner
fatter
hottest
thinnest
fattest
2.多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在其前面加more或most。如:
原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)
usefulmoreusefulthemostuseful
difficultmoredifficultthemostdifficult
deliciousmoredeliciousthemostdelicious
happilymorehappilythemosthappily
carefullymorecarefullythemostcarefully
3.不規(guī)則變化
原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)
good/wellbetterthebest
bad/badlyworsetheworst
many/muchmorethemost
littlelesstheleast
farfarther/furtherthefarthest/furthest
(二)比較級(jí)
1.比較級(jí)可以單獨(dú)使用:
Bemorecarefulnexttime.下次小心點(diǎn)。
2.比較級(jí)+than,表示兩者相比,than后可以跟:
a.名詞或代詞:Heisolderthanme/I.他年齡比我大。
b.動(dòng)名詞:Skiingismoreexcitingthanskating.滑雪比滑冰更刺激。
c.從句:Iwasabettersingerthanhewas.我唱歌比他好。
(三)比較級(jí)的修飾詞
1.常修飾比較級(jí)的詞:rather,much,still,even,far,alot,alittle,abit等
2.比較級(jí)前表數(shù)量:
Mysisteristenyearsyoungerthanme.我妹妹比我小十歲。
3.the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí): 表示越…越...;
比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí):表示越來(lái)越...
Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyoullmake.越努力,進(jìn)步越大。
1)nomorethan至多、不超過、不比...更。如:
TheofficialscouldseenomorethantheEmperor.官員們看到的最多和皇帝一樣多。
2)more...than...意為:與其.....不如.....;morethan意為:不僅僅...,不止...
如:Sheismoreshythanunfriendly,Ithink.
我認(rèn)為與其說她不友好,不如說她害羞。
Therearemorethantwothousandpeopleinthehall.
3)lessthan不到…不太:Itwasreadyinlessthanaweek.
4)nolessthan多達(dá)、不少于、和...一樣:Nolessthan2millionpeoplecame.
5)moreorless基本上大體上大約或多或少
Theworkismoreorlessfinished.這項(xiàng)工作基本上完成了。
4.a(chǎn)s+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as:和.....一樣
1)not…so/as…as:與....不一樣
如:Hecannotrunso/asfastasyou.他沒你跑得快對(duì)比:thesame...as...與....相同;bedifferentfrom...與.....不同
2)當(dāng)as…as中間有名詞時(shí)采用以下格式:
①as+形容詞+a+單數(shù)名詞/;
Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.這個(gè)例子和另外一個(gè)一樣好。
②as+many/much+名詞。例如:
Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan.你能搬多少紙,我也能。
3)as+形容詞+as+數(shù)量詞=數(shù)量詞+形容詞
如:Sheisastallas1.6metres.=Sheis1.6meterstall.
Yourroomisthesamesizeasmine. 你的房間和我的一樣大。
4)倍數(shù)的表達(dá)
①....once/twice/基數(shù)詞+times+as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as...
如:Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。
②...once/twice/基數(shù)詞+times+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than...
aslongas只要,有....之久;asfaras到....地點(diǎn),就....而言;
assoonas一....就;aswellas既...又;
asgoodas(=verynearly)幾乎,簡(jiǎn)直,與....簡(jiǎn)直一樣
--Howfarapartdotheylive?---____Iknow,theyliveinthesameneighborhood.
A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.AswellasD.Asoftenas
Themanwaslyingontheground,___dead.
A.aspossibleasB.aswellasC.assoonasD.asgoodas
5.The+比較級(jí)+ofthetwo+名詞表示兩個(gè)中較.....的
如:Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.
用介詞by表示相差的程度如;
Imissedthelasttrainbyoneminute.我差一分鐘就趕上了最后一班火車。
34.Sometimeswalkingiseven________thandrivingduringthebusytraffictime.
A.fastB.fasterC.slowD.slower
39.--Thecakeistooexpensive.Wouldyouliketoshowmea_______one?
--Sure.Hereyouare.
A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapest
26.—Healthismoney.
—ButIthinkitismoney.
A.asimportantasB.moreimportantthanC.soimportantthanD.thesameas
25.Ithinkthesecardsarethanthosecards.
A.niceB.nicerC.nicestD.thenicest
28.–Susan,youknowwhat?Wecanhaveadog!
–Great!ButIprefertohaveacat.Itismuch_______tolookafter.
A.easyB.easierC.easiest
29.—Whichdoyoulike,summerorwinter?
—Iprefersummer.
A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best
30.—Steveisgoodatwritingshortstories.
—Soheis.Buthewrites_______thanus.Sohecan’tgetgoodgradesinwriting.
A.mostcarefullyB.morecarefullyC.lesscarefullyD.leastcarefully
32.Welostthematchbecausetheyhad______players.theyhadelevenandwehadonlynine.
A.strongerB.youngerC.fewerD.more
28.Iworkhardthisterm,butPeterworksmuch____.
A.hardB.harderC.hardestD.thehardest
22.Hisgrandparentslive____inasmallhouse,buttheydon’tfeel_____.
A.lonely;aloneB.a(chǎn)lone;lonelyC.lonely;lonelyD.a(chǎn)lone;alone
34.TheweatherinGuiyanginsummeris______thanthatinTongren.They’redifferent.
A.coolB.muchcoolerC.hotD.muchhotter
34._____exerciseyoutake,_____you’llbe.
A.Thefewer,thefatterB.Theless,thefatterC.Theless,themorefatter
23.Farmershavebecome______inourhometowninrecentyears.
A.moreandmorerichB.richerandricherC.morerichandmorerich
(四)最高級(jí)
11.the+最高級(jí)+in/of的比較范圍
1)最高級(jí)前通常必須用定冠詞the,例如:
TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠
注意:形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級(jí)的含義,只表示"非常"。例如:
Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem.這是個(gè)很重要的問題
2)最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見的詞有:序數(shù)詞,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally,notquite,nothinglike等
如:Thishatisnearly/almostthebiggest.這帽子差不多是最大的了。
3)否定+比較級(jí)=最高級(jí)
如:Thereisnogreaterlovethanthatofamanwholaysdownhislifeforfriends.
為朋友而放棄生命的愛是最偉大的愛。
◎注意:序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級(jí)。例如:
Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.非洲是第二大洲。
4)最高級(jí)的意義有時(shí)可以用比較級(jí)表示出來(lái)。例如:
Mikeisthemostintelligentinhisclass.或者:
Mikeismoreintelligentthananyotherstudentsinhisclass.
2.形容詞最高級(jí)可用作表語(yǔ),這時(shí)定冠詞the可以省略。
例句:Ithinkherplanisbest.我認(rèn)為她的計(jì)劃最好。
3.形容詞最高級(jí)還可和at構(gòu)成許多短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),如atbest,atleast,atmost等。
例句:I’llbewithyouatlatestbyten.我最遲十點(diǎn)鐘就來(lái)陪你。
enough的用法:即可做形容詞,又可做副詞用
1.做形容詞時(shí),修飾名詞enoughfood
2.做副詞時(shí),修飾形容詞和其他副詞,且后置。
Braveenough足夠勇敢strangelyenough很奇怪...
3.Enoughtodosth足夠做某事
4.cannot...enough/cannot(never等否定詞)...too表示再....也不為過
例:Treesaregoodforhumanbeing,sowecan’tplantthem___many.
A.soB.suchC.tooD.enough
Inarelayrace,aplayercan’trunfast__
A.soB.tooC.muchD.enough
1、形容詞副詞比較等級(jí)的變化規(guī)則以及不規(guī)則變化的幾個(gè)詞
2、形容詞副詞的比較級(jí):比較級(jí)+than
as...as...結(jié)構(gòu),(注意:此結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)形容詞副詞的原級(jí))
much,alittle,even,quite,abit等修飾比較級(jí)
倍數(shù)的表達(dá)
3、形容詞副詞的最高級(jí):the+最高級(jí)+in...
The+最高級(jí)+of...
4、形容詞/副詞enough的用法
()1Yourroomis_______thanmine.
A.threetimebigB.threetimesbig
C.threetimesbiggerD.biggerthreetimes
()2Whenspringcomes,itgets_______.
A.warmandwarmB.colderandcolder
C.warmerandwarmerD.shorterandshorter
()3______hereadthebook,_______hegotinit.
A.Themore;themoreinterestingB.Theless;themoreinteresting
C.Themore;themoreinterestedD.More;moreinterested
()4Ilike______oneofthetwobooks.
A.theolderB.oldestC.theoldestD.older
()5Whichdoyoulike_______,teaorcoffee?
A.wellB.betterC.bestD.most
()6Thisworkis_______formethanforyou.
A.difficultB.mostdifficultC.muchdifficultD.moredifficult
()7Whojumped_______ofall?
A.farB.fartherC.farthestD.themostfar
()8LiLeiis_______studentinourclass.
A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest
2013年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法形容詞、副詞考點(diǎn)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)
老師會(huì)對(duì)課本中的主要教學(xué)內(nèi)容整理到教案課件中,大家應(yīng)該開始寫教案課件了。我們制定教案課件工作計(jì)劃,才能對(duì)工作更加有幫助!你們會(huì)寫多少教案課件范文呢?為了讓您在使用時(shí)更加簡(jiǎn)單方便,下面是小編整理的“2013年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法形容詞、副詞考點(diǎn)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)”,僅供您在工作和學(xué)習(xí)中參考。
形容詞、副詞(一)知識(shí)概要?
形容詞的用法很活躍,在英語(yǔ)中用處也很多,但英語(yǔ)中修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語(yǔ)和詞組有時(shí)不同,要特別加以注意。下面將初中學(xué)習(xí)階段中遇到的修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組歸納如下:many,no,several,some,afew,alot,lots,plenty,plentyof,alotof,alargenumberof,enough。而修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或詞組如下:much,no,some,alot,agreatdeal,lots,plenty,alotof,plentyof。?其中some,no,alotof,plentyof既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。?英語(yǔ)中形容詞與副詞有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)之分,其規(guī)則如下:?
構(gòu)詞法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)加er,或estTall
youngtaller?
younger
tallest
youngest
只加r或stnice?
large
nicer
larger
nicest?
largest
重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)雙寫該字母加er、estbig?
fat?
hot
bigger
fatterw
hotter
biggest?
fattest
hottest
不規(guī)則變化的形容詞或副詞:?
原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)
goodbetterbest
Wellbetterbest
badworseworst
badlyworseworst
manymoremost
mostmoremost
littlelesslest
farfarther
further
farthest
furthest
oldolder?
elder
oldest?
eldest
要注意的是許多形容詞同時(shí)又是副詞,如:back,all,alone,either,far,high,slow等。而有些形容詞則要經(jīng)過一定變化才能轉(zhuǎn)為副詞,其規(guī)律如下:?
構(gòu)詞法形容詞副詞
一般加lyCareful
kind
carefully
kindly
尾是y時(shí)將y變成i加lyHappy
busy
easy
Happily
busily
easily
其他true
terrible
full
possible
shy
whole
truly
terribly
fully
possibly
shyly
wholly
在學(xué)習(xí)過程中要注意其變化。?
此外并不是所有副詞都可以修飾比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形容詞。能修飾比較級(jí)的有:much,yet,far,still,agreatdeal,even和alittle.能修飾最高級(jí)的有:thevery,muchthe,far等。?
(二)正誤辨析?
[誤]Theyounglikesplayingfootballverymuch.?
[正]Theyounglikeplayingfootballverymuch.?
[析]定冠詞加形容詞表示一類人,應(yīng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時(shí)則要看作單數(shù),如:Thebeautifulisnotalwayskindness.美麗并不總代表善良。?
[誤]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstareover.?
[正]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstisover.?
[析]意為:"危險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)過去,最困難的狀況已結(jié)束。"用定冠詞加最高級(jí)形容詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)形式。?
[誤]Itisthegoldageoftheyoung.?
[正]Itisthegoldenageoftheyoung.?
[析]golden在英語(yǔ)中多用于比喻,如:goldenhair金發(fā),guldenvoice金嗓子。而gold多用于表達(dá)金質(zhì)的,如:agoldbar金條,agoldcoin金幣,但goldfish金魚例外。
[誤]Sheisawarmheartwoman.?
[正]Sheisawarm?heartedwoman.?
[析]英語(yǔ)形容詞的構(gòu)詞法很多,其中之一是由形容詞,或數(shù)詞,加名詞加ed構(gòu)成,如:?warm?hoarted熱心腸的,white?haired白毛的?
[誤]Thereisanalivefishinthepool.?
[正]Thereisalivingfishinthepool.?
[析]在初中范圍內(nèi)所學(xué)到的以a字母開頭的形容詞一般不能作定語(yǔ),只能作表語(yǔ)。如:Thefishisalive.(魚還活著)這樣的形容詞有:alive,alike,alone,asleep,afraid,awake等。?
[誤]Theillmannearlydied.?
[正]Thesickmannearlydied.?
[析]ill一般不作定語(yǔ)來(lái)形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表語(yǔ)時(shí)則都可以。如:Heisillsick,ill作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則另有他意,如:illluck(厄運(yùn)),illnature(天性惡劣),illtemper(心緒不好)?
[誤]Ihaveimportantsomethingtotellyou.?
[正]Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.?
[析]不定代詞something,anyone,somebody…在用形容詞修飾時(shí),形容詞應(yīng)放其后。但要注意thing則不是不定代詞,不符合上述規(guī)律。如:Ihaveanimportantthingtotellyou.?
[誤]IllbefreeonnextSunday.?
[正]IllbefreenextSunday.?
[析]在表達(dá)將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候:nextSunday,nextweek,nextyear或lastSundaylastweek,lastyear前都不加介詞。?
[誤]Thegirlistwo?yearold.?
[正]Thegirlistwoyearsold.?
[正]Sheisatwo?year?oldgirl??
[析]由連字符連接若干名詞、數(shù)詞……組成的形容詞,在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要記住兩點(diǎn),其一是這些詞中的名詞都不要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:two?thousand?wordreport(兩千字的報(bào)告);其二是這樣構(gòu)成的形容詞只能作定語(yǔ),即用于名詞之前,而不能作表語(yǔ)。?
[誤]TheforeignerslikethoselittlebeautifulChinesepaintings.?
[正]TheforeignerslikethosebeautifullittleChinesepaintings.?
[析]在名詞前若有幾個(gè)形容詞作修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序如下。?
1.指示代詞,定冠詞2.數(shù)量詞3.性質(zhì)詞4.大小?5.形狀6.老少,新舊7.顏色8.材料?
但要注意的是英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣是一個(gè)名詞前的形容詞一般不要多于三個(gè)。?
如:Whataprettylittlewhitehorse!?
ThosefirstfewshortEnglishstorieswerenotdifficulttounderstand.?
[誤]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishgoodistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.
[正]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.
[析]good是形容詞,這里是修飾動(dòng)詞speak的,所以應(yīng)用副詞well,但well作形容詞講時(shí)只作身體好。如:Heiswell.(他身體很好)。Heisgood.(他是個(gè)好人)。?
[誤]Thechildrenplayonthegrassnappyly.?
[正]Thechildrenplayonthegrasshappily??
[析]多音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時(shí)應(yīng)將y變?yōu)閕再加ly.?
[誤]Theteacherlookedangryatthestudents.?
[正]Theteacherlookedangrilyatthestudents.?
[析]英語(yǔ)中感觀動(dòng)詞后面要接形容詞,這時(shí)它是修飾主語(yǔ)的,如:Thefoodsmellsgood.食物聞起來(lái)很香。Theteacherlookedangry老師看起來(lái)很生氣。?而此句的意思為:"老師生氣地看著學(xué)生",所以應(yīng)用副詞形式。?
[誤]Heworkedwithmefriendly.?
[正]Hewasfriendlytome.?
[析]不是所有結(jié)尾是ly的詞都是副詞,但friendly是形容詞,這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ovely,lonely,costly,lively…monthlyweekly…。但其中有些詞既是副詞,又是形容詞,如:early,hourly,monthly…?
[誤]Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofyourfriends.?
[正]Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofyourfriends.?
[析]free作為形容詞意為"自由的,有空閑的,免費(fèi)的"。作為副詞講則是"免費(fèi)"之意。而freely作為副詞則是"自由的,隨便的"。這些要注意的詞還有:?hard努力,艱苦hardly幾乎不late遲,晚?lately最近的,最新的near近nearly幾乎?like像likely幾乎?
[誤]Theymusthavearrivedtillnow.?
[正]Theymusthavearrivedbynow.?
[析]bynow是用于表達(dá)到目前為止某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,所以應(yīng)用瞬間動(dòng)詞。而tillnow是強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,所以一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。?musthave+過去分詞是對(duì)過去某一事情所作的肯定推測(cè)。?
[誤]Someonecalledyourightnow.?
[正]Someonecalledyoujustnow.?
[析]justnow有兩個(gè)意思,其一是"剛才",其二是"現(xiàn)在",而rightnow只能用于現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。just則用于完成時(shí)態(tài),如:Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.?
[誤]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericaatpresent.?
[正]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericapresently.?
[析]presently有兩個(gè)意思:其一是最近,不久,其二在美語(yǔ)中是現(xiàn)在之意,與atpresent相同。而forthepresent為暫時(shí),如:IteachEnglishintheschoolforthepresent.
[誤]Illbebackatthemoment.?
[正]Illbebackinamoment.?
[析]atthemoment其意為"現(xiàn)在,當(dāng)時(shí)",而inamoment意為"馬上過一會(huì)",與inaminute意思相近。?
[誤]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereintime.?
[正]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereontime.?
[析]ontime為"準(zhǔn)時(shí)",而intime有兩個(gè)含意。其一是"及時(shí)",如:Thedoctorarrivedintime。其二是"將來(lái),終究"。?
[誤]Imetanoldfriendsometimeslastmonth.?
[正]Imetanoldfriendsometimelastmonth.?
[析]Sometime過去,或者將來(lái)某時(shí)。?Sometimes有時(shí)?
如:SometimesIgotoschoolbybus.?Sometime一些時(shí)間?
如:Ineedsometimetodomyhomework.?Sometimes幾次?
如:IwenttoShanghaisometimesthismonth.?
attimes有時(shí),偶爾?
atalltimes經(jīng)常?
someothertime改天?
[誤]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?
[正]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysbefore.?
[正]Imetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?
*ago用在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中時(shí),主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過去時(shí),而before用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)則主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞宜用完成時(shí)態(tài)。?
[誤]Hestudiedveryhard.andattheendhepassedtheexam.?
[正]Hestudiedveryhard,andintheendhepassedtheexam.?
[析]intheend=atlast意為"最終,終于",表達(dá)經(jīng)過若干努力而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。而attheend是在某事的結(jié)束時(shí)如何如何,如:Attheendofclass,theteachergaveussomestorybooks。?
[誤]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueachthreedays.?
[正]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueverythreedays.?
[析]everythreedays為"每三天",即每隔二天,而everyotherday為每隔一天。
[誤]Hedidntgotothecinemayesterday.andIdidntgo,too.?
[正]HedidntgotothecinemayesterdayandIdidntgoeither.?
[析]英語(yǔ)中表示"也",有4個(gè)字,also,aswell,too,either,但either用于否定句中,而前3個(gè)用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too與aswell一般要用在句尾,而also則可用于句中。如:Shewenttothepartyandherboyfriendwenttheretoo.又如:Ivealsoreadherothernovels.?
[誤]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?
[正]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?
[析]anyway為"不管怎么"講,"無(wú)論如何",如:Whataterribleaccident,anywaynoonewashurt.?
anyway為"任何方式"。這種常見的錯(cuò)誤還發(fā)生在以下幾組詞中,如:?
everyday日常的everyday每天?
faraway遙遠(yuǎn)的faraway遠(yuǎn)離?
altogether總計(jì)alltogether一塊,大家一起?
already已經(jīng)allready全準(zhǔn)備好了?
[誤]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.?
[正]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.?
[析]anytime是副詞而anytime中的time是名詞。?
[誤]Shesaidnearlynothing.?
[正]Shesaidalmostnothing.?
[析]nearly與almost的含意相近,在很多場(chǎng)合可以互換,但在否定詞前用almost。
[誤]Therearetoomuchmistakesinyourhomework.?
[正]Therearetoomanymistakesinyourhomework.?
[析]toomuch后接不可數(shù)名詞,如:Thereistoomuchwaterfortheflowers.而toomany后加可數(shù)名詞,muchtoo后面加形容詞,如:ItismuchtoodifficulttolearnEnglishwell.?
[誤]Itislateenoughthatwecangohomenow.?
[正]Itislateenoughforustogohomenow.?
[析]要注意的是enough后面一般不接從句而接不定式,或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):forsomebodytodosomething。?
[誤]Thetwinsareveryalike.?
[正]Thetwinsaremuchalike.?
[析]用a為首字母的形容詞不能用very修飾,一般要用much來(lái)修飾。?
[誤]-Howlongdoeshewritetohisparents??
-Onceaweek.?
[正]-Howoftendoeshewritetohisparents??
-Onceaweek.?
[析]英文與中文表達(dá)法不同,隔多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間辦一次某事,實(shí)際上問的是該事發(fā)生的頻率,所以要用howoften。?
[誤]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Illcallupyou.?
[正]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Illcallyouup.?
[析]當(dāng)動(dòng)詞詞組的賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)則一定要放于動(dòng)詞之后,如果是名詞則可以放在詞組其后。?如:IwanttowatchTV.PleaseturnontheTV.也可以講:PleaseturntheTVon.?
[誤]Hedrovequicklyhisnewcar.?
[正]Hedrovehisnewcarquickly.?
[析]副詞在句中的位置很活,但主要有以下幾種用法:①實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前,如:Hequicklygivemetheanswer.②在be動(dòng)詞之后,如:Thelittleboyisoftenlateforclass.③第一助動(dòng)詞之后,如:Thisbookhasalmostbeenfinished.④在單獨(dú)使用的be動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之前,如:Canyouhelpmethisafternoon??Icertainlycan.?但是無(wú)論如何也不能將副詞置于動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間,如果是賓語(yǔ)從句或是很長(zhǎng)的名詞
詞組作賓語(yǔ)則才可以這樣用:?
Heheardclearlywhattheteachersaid.?
[誤]Thechildrencamelateyesterdaytothecinema.?
[正]Thechildrencamelatetothecinemayesterday.?
[析]表示一定長(zhǎng)度的時(shí)間的副詞不應(yīng)放于句中,可放于句尾。如果表示強(qiáng)調(diào)則可放于句首。
[誤]Youhavefewnewbooks,haventyou??
[正]youhavefewnewbooks,haveyou??
[析]英語(yǔ)中的數(shù)量形容詞有兩組。修飾可數(shù)名詞的有few(很少,幾乎沒有),afew(有一些,幾個(gè));修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle(很少,幾乎沒有),alittle(有一點(diǎn),有一些)。要注意的是當(dāng)few和little用于句中時(shí)應(yīng)看作否定句,而afew和alittle用于句中時(shí)則應(yīng)看作是肯定句。
[誤]Hespentquitelittlemoneyonhisfood.?
[正]Hespentquitealittlemoneyonhisfood.?
[析]quitea為一固定用法,其意為"十分,相當(dāng),所以"。quiteafew=many,quitealittle=much而onlyalittle=little,onlyafew=few.?
[誤]Doyouwanttohavemanybread??
[正]Doyouwanttohavesomebread??
[析]some與any都可以用作形容詞、副詞或代詞,在一般情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于疑問句和否定句,但在希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí),應(yīng)用some。其次是some可以用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]Pleasetellmewheretheshoesshopis??
[正]Pleasetellmewheretheshoeshopis.?
[析]在用名詞作修飾詞來(lái)修飾另一名詞時(shí),這個(gè)作修飾詞的名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,如:?
ashoeshop鞋店
afruitshop水果店
abookshop書店?
apostoffice郵局
apolicestation警察局
abusstop汽車站?
[誤]Heisweakatphysics.?
[正]Heisweakinphysics.?
[析]在表達(dá)擅長(zhǎng)于作某事時(shí)用begoodatsomething,而其反意詞為bebadatsomething,但beweakinsomething。?
[誤]Thisdictionaryisworthtobuy.?
[正]Thisdictionaryisworthbuying.?
[析]beworth后可接動(dòng)、名詞表達(dá)值得作某事,又可接價(jià)格、金錢表示值多少錢。?
[誤]Dontafraidofthat.?
[正]Dontbeafraidofthat.?
[析]afraid在英文中是形容詞而不是動(dòng)詞。這樣的詞組還有:?
beafraidof害怕becarefulof小心?
becertainof有把握,確定besureof確信?
begladof高興besickof厭惡?
befondof喜歡?
[誤]Theworkhasalreadybeendonewell.?
[正]Theworkhasalreadybeenwelldone.?
[析]well與badly作副詞時(shí),表示好壞,如果句子是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),則應(yīng)放在過去分詞之前,如:Thismachinehasbeenbadlydamaged.如果句子是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),則應(yīng)放于句末,如:Ididmyhomeworkwell.?
[誤]Weareyetintheclassroomnow.?
[正]Wearealreadyintheclassroomnow.?
[析]already主要用于肯定句,而yet多用于否定句和疑問句中,如:
Didyoufinishit?No.notyet.?
[誤]Look.Herecomeshe!?
[正]Look!Herehecomes!?
[誤]Look!Herethebuscomes!?
[正]Look!Herecomesthebus!?
[析]在句子開頭用Here時(shí),如主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞則不要用倒裝語(yǔ)序,如果主語(yǔ)是名詞則要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。?
[誤]Sheismyoldersister.?
[正]Sheismyeldersister.?
[析]elder和eldest是用來(lái)指家庭中兄弟姐妹的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系,而older,oldest則是指歲數(shù)大多少,如:SheisthreeyearsolderthanI.?
[誤]Imtired.Icantgofurther.?
[正]Imtired.Icantgofarther.?
[析]far有兩個(gè)比較級(jí)farther較遠(yuǎn)的,further進(jìn)一步的,如:Doyouneedanyfurtherexplanation?你需要進(jìn)一步的解釋嗎?當(dāng)然它也有兩個(gè)最高級(jí)。farthest和furthest.?
[誤]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsbefore.?
[正]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsago.?
[析]ago常與過去時(shí)連用,而before則多與完成時(shí)連用。?
[誤]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??
-No,notalready.?
[正]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??
-No,notyet.?
[析]仍然有三個(gè)英文字可以表達(dá)它們是already,yet與still。要注意的是already經(jīng)常用于肯定句中,如Thebushasalreadygone。而yet多用于疑問句和否定句中,如:Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?而still則常用于主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間,如:Westillcantdecidewhattodo.但也有時(shí)用于be動(dòng)詞之后,如:Heisstillhere.?
[誤]HeisveryhigherthanIam.?
[正]HeismuchhigherthanIam.?
[析]much可以用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí),而very則用來(lái)修飾形容詞原級(jí),如:Imverytired.
[誤]-CanIwalktothestation??-Youdbetternot.Itisveryfar.?
[正]-CanIwalktothestation??
-Youdbetternot,Itisalongway.?
[析]for一般用在疑問句與否定句中,如:Howfarisitfromheretothestation?又如:Itisntfar.?
[誤]IveeverbeentoAmerica.?
[正]IvebeentoAmericaonce.?
[析]once多用于肯定句,而ever則用于疑問句,否定句,及條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,如:HaveyoueverbeentoLondon??
[誤]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??
-No,Iamnotafraidso.?
[正]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??
-No,Imafraidnot.?
[析]在肯定的答語(yǔ)中我們可以用so來(lái)代替上句所講的事件,如:Doyouthinksheisagoodstudent?YesIthinkso,/Ihopeso,/Ibelieveso/Imafraidso.但在否定的答語(yǔ)中,英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法則有所不同,如,Idontthinkso而在hope,belive與afraid后則常用not,如:Ihopenot.?
[誤]Shedidntworkenoughhard,soshecouldntpasstheexam.?
[正]Shedidntworkhardenough,soshecouldntpasstheexam.?
[析]enough可以作名詞用,如:EnoughhasbeensaidforhowtolearnEnglishwell.(對(duì)于如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)講的足夠多了。)?另外它可以作為形容詞,如:Ihaveenoughmoney(ormoneyenough)tobuythisdictionary.注意enough作為形容詞時(shí)即可放于名詞前又可放于名詞后,在初中范圍的考題中多用于名詞之前。如果enough作為副詞用,那么它一定要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。?
[誤]Youcantbeverycareful.?
[正]Youcantbetoocareful.?
[析]此句話的含意是你如何小心也不過分。too…to的用法是"太……以至于不能作某事"。但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用時(shí)也常常將后面的to省去,如:Itistooexpensiveforme.那對(duì)我來(lái)講是太貴了。?
[誤]Heisgoodpastfifty.?
[正]Heiswellpastfifty.?
[析]well作為副詞用時(shí)除用于"好"之外還有"大大地、遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地",等意。往往有人對(duì)下面兩句的對(duì)或錯(cuò)有爭(zhēng)議;?
Heiswell.?
Heisgood.?
其實(shí)這兩句都是正確的表達(dá)法,只不過其含意不同。Heiswell是"他身體不錯(cuò)",而Heisgood則為"他是個(gè)好人"。?
[誤]Sheisnotashalfcleverasherbrother.?
[正]Sheisnothalfascleverasherbrother.
[析]在as…as結(jié)構(gòu)中要將修飾形容詞的數(shù)量詞倍數(shù)及nearly,almost,exactly…等置?于第一?個(gè)as之前。?
[誤]HeissameageasTom.?
[正]HeisthesameageasTom.?
[析]thesame…as是固定的用法,其中定冠詞the是不可省也不能換成別的詞的。?
[誤]Motherandherdaughterareexactlylike.?
[正]Motherandherdaughterareexactlyalike.?
*like作為介詞,其意為"像",應(yīng)用于looklike,belike,soundlike,其后要加賓語(yǔ)。而?alike?是形容詞,或副詞,如:YouandIthinkalike.Thetwinsaredressedalike。但alike僅作表語(yǔ)而不能用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。?
[誤]Whoistallerofthetwo??
[正]Whoisthetallerofthetwo??
[析]兩者的比較級(jí)之前要加定冠詞。?
[誤]IhavelessbooksthanTom.?
[正]IhavefewerbooksthanTom.?
[析]less是little的比較級(jí),而fewer是few的比較級(jí)。less后應(yīng)加不可數(shù)名詞而fewer后是可數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.TheclevererisMary.?
[正]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.ThecleverestisMary.?
[析]在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級(jí),在三者之間或三者以上的范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用最高級(jí)。?
[誤]Theboysatthereasquietashissister.?
[正]Theboysatthereasquietlyashissister.?
[析]as…as的用法要注意的是:①在其中間應(yīng)加形容詞或副詞的原級(jí),而不可加比較級(jí),也有的語(yǔ)法書中稱為同級(jí)比較。②要根據(jù)句意決定是加形容詞還是副詞,這要看它具體是修飾動(dòng)詞還是名詞而定,如:Heisasgoodashisfriend.?
[誤]Theharderyoustudy,andyoucanlearnmore.?
[正]Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn.?
[析]英文中如果要表達(dá)越來(lái)越怎樣,在初中范圍有兩種表達(dá)法:①比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)。②定冠詞+比較級(jí)……,如:Thenightsaregettinglongerandlonger。要注意的是多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)前要加more,這樣的用法是:moreandmore加形容詞,如:Thegirlisgrowingmoreandmorebeautiful.?
[誤]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingastolearnEnglish.
[正]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingaslearningEnglish.?
[析]在作比較時(shí),英語(yǔ)一般要求對(duì)比的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致。如用動(dòng)名詞,應(yīng)都用動(dòng)名詞,用不定式時(shí)則都用不定式。但有時(shí)在后一個(gè)不定式前的符號(hào)to可以省略。如:Torepairtheoldoneisasmuchexpensiveas(to)buyanewone.?
[誤]Thegirlismoreclevererthantheboy.?
[正]Thegirlismuchmoreclever(muchcleverer)thantheboy.?
[析]clever有兩個(gè)比較級(jí):cleverer和moreclever,要注意的是不能用比較級(jí)來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)。?clever的兩個(gè)比較級(jí)也各有不同之處,如用在兩種不同性質(zhì)的比較時(shí)多用moreclever,如:Heismorecleverthanhonest.(他的聰明要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過其誠(chéng)實(shí)。)?
[析]Theboyisthetallesttothethree.?
[正]Theboyisthetallestofthethree.?
[析]最高級(jí)的范圍要用of加復(fù)數(shù)形式或加集合名詞。?
[誤]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionary.?
[正]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionaries.?
[析]在oneof后面最高級(jí)形容詞后要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。?
[誤]ThisdictionaryisthemuchbestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.
[正]ThisdictionaryismuchthebestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.
[析]在修飾最高級(jí)時(shí)應(yīng)用far/byfar/much加the加最高級(jí)。但very例外,如:Heistheverybestplayerintheteam.?
[誤]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercitiesinChina.?
[正]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.?
[析]在比較級(jí)中表示比較對(duì)象時(shí)如用anyother其后一般要加單數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]MostofstoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[正]MostofthestoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[正]MoststoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[析]"大多數(shù)"一詞的表達(dá)法有mostofthe+名詞,或most+名詞。當(dāng)用前一種結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),其后面的定冠詞不可少。?
[誤]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthisroom.?
[正]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthatofthisroom.?
[析]比較級(jí)用于兩句話之間時(shí),比較的部分不可省略掉,但為了避免重復(fù),一般都要用that代替前面的單數(shù)名詞,而用those代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:Thebooksinthatboxarebiggerthanthoseinthisbox。?
[誤]Heisnomorehere.Maybeheisathome.?
[正]Heisnolongerhere.Maybeheisathome.?
[析]nomore在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中多譯為:"從此再也不會(huì)了",如:Hisvoiceisnomorehere.他已經(jīng)去世了,他的聲音不可能再出現(xiàn)了。而用nolonger表達(dá)目前的狀態(tài)。要注意下面幾組句子的實(shí)際含意:?Thisroomisnocleanerthanthatone.即兩間屋子都不干凈。(兩者都不干凈)Thisroomisnotcleanerthanthatone,即這屋子不如那間干凈。(前者不如后者干凈。即一間干凈,一間不干凈。)?
(三)例題解析?
1?IthinkChineseis___thanmaths.?
A.interestingB?moreinteresting?
C.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting?
[答案]B.?
[析]在有than作比較的句子中應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。?
2?-WhatdoesLucylikebetter,singingordancing??
-Singing.ofcourse.Shesknownto___it.?
A.begoodatB.begoodfor
C.bebadatD.bebadfor?
[答案]A.?
[析]begoodat為固定搭配,意為"擅長(zhǎng)作某事"。初中英語(yǔ)中有些這樣的固定用法應(yīng)記牢,而不能似是而非。如:?begoodat,bebadat,bepoorin,beweekin,befitfor?
3?TheHuangHeRiverisoneof___inChina.?
A.ThelongriverB.thelongestriver?
C.thelongestriversD.thelongerriver?
[答案]C.?
[析]在oneof+定冠詞+最高級(jí)之后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。?
4?Thegirlwas___afraid___shethrewherbagaway.?
A.so,thatB.too,toC.too,thatD.enough,to?
[答案]A.?
[析]so…that為"如此怎樣以至于如何",此句意思是:小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。而too…to的意思為"如何如何,以至于不能作某事"。但to的后面是動(dòng)詞原形,而不是從句。?
5?Itwas___yesterdaythantoday.?
A.hotB.hoter
C.hotterD.thehottest?
[答案]C.?
[析]用than表達(dá)比較的句中應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。?
6?Whichsubjectdoyoulike___,EnglishChineseormaths??
A.bestB.well
C.betterD.good?
[答案]A.?
[析]在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級(jí),而在三者之間或三者以上用最高級(jí)。?
7?Noneofthestudentswatchedit___.?
A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefully
C.carefullyenoughD.enoughcareful?
[答案]C.?
[析]首先應(yīng)判定是選用用來(lái)修飾名詞的形容詞還是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞。這里是修飾watch這一動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)選用副詞。當(dāng)enough用來(lái)修飾副詞或形容詞時(shí)應(yīng)放于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。?
8?___sheeats,___shellbe.?
A.More…fatB.Themore…fatter?
C.More…thefatterD.Themore…thefatter?
[答案]D.?
[析]the+比較級(jí)表示"越來(lái)越……"本句應(yīng)譯為:她吃得越多,她就會(huì)越胖。?
9?IdontthinkEnglishis___Chinese.?
A.asimportantasB.notimportantas?
C.notsoimportantD.importantas?
[答案]A.?
[析]think+賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),應(yīng)采用否定主句的形式,如:中文講,"我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)",英文應(yīng)為:"我不認(rèn)為你對(duì)"。Idontthinkyouareright.所以不能選答案B。而C、D均為不正確的表達(dá)法。?
10?MissGaoisagoodEnglishteacher.Thestudentsinherclass___English.?A.areinterestedinB.areinterestingin?
C.areinterestedatD.areinterestingto?
[答案]A.?
[析]過去分詞常用來(lái)修飾人,而現(xiàn)在分詞常用來(lái)修飾物,如:aninterestingbook,實(shí)際上過去分詞含有被動(dòng)之意,如:interested其含意是"被……所吸引,感動(dòng)"。而interesting則為"使人感興趣的",如:aninterestingman一個(gè)有趣、風(fēng)趣的人。?
11?Thetwinsaretogethermostofthetime.Sotheyneverfeel___.?
A.aloneB.lonely
C.happilyD.friendly?
[答案]B.?
[析]alone意為"獨(dú)自的,一個(gè)人的",它只能作表語(yǔ)不能作定語(yǔ)。Iamnotaloneindoingsuchathing.而lonely意為"寂寞的,孤單的",如:Theoldmanfeltlonely.要體會(huì)兩個(gè)詞的區(qū)別,如:Theoldmanlivedalone,buthedidntfeellonely.?
12?Whata___cough!Youseem___ill.?
A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terrible?
C.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly?
[答案]A.?
[析]terrible是形容詞,而terribly是副詞,第一個(gè)空是修飾名詞的,所以應(yīng)填入形容詞。第二個(gè)空ill是形容詞,這里terribly是用來(lái)修飾ill的。?
13?Thetwofriendswere___pleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgoteverything.?A.soB.too
C.veryD.much?
[答案]A.?
[析]這里用的是so…that的固定搭配。?
14?Whichis___,LiLeisboxorHanMeimeisbox??
A.heavyB.heavier
C.moreheavierD.theheaviest?
[答案]B.?
[析]兩者之間用比較級(jí),三者或以上用最高級(jí)。?
15?YoudontlikethesamecoloursandIdontlikethem,___.?
A.tooB.also
C.eitherD.neither?
[答案]C.?
[析]在否定句中也應(yīng)用either,而不要用too,因too用于肯定句中。?
16?Jimis___atallhislessons.AndImsurehelldovery___intheexams.?
A.well,goodB.good,well
C.well,wellD.good,good
[答案]B.?
[析]good為形容詞,如:Heisgood.他是個(gè)好人。而well作為身體狀況的好壞講時(shí)是形容詞,如:Heiswell為他身體不錯(cuò),而作為其他意思時(shí)為副詞,如:HespeaksEnglishwell.?
17?Youlook___thanbefore,why??
A.morethinB.morethinner
C.muchmorethinD.muchthinner?
[答案]D.?
[析]多音節(jié)形容詞才用more或most加形容詞來(lái)表示其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí),而thin的比較級(jí)為thinner。?
18?Letsgooutforsuppernow.Imvery___.?
A.hungryB.angry
C.tiredD.thirsty?
[答案]A.?
[析]hungry-餓,angry-生氣,tired-緊,疲勞,thirsty-口渴。要注意名詞的詞義。?
19?-Canyouunderstandme??
-Sorry,Ican___understandyou.?
A.hardlyB.almost
C.evenD.ever?
[答案]A.?
[析]hardly為一否定詞,用在句中時(shí)應(yīng)被看作是否定句。在答語(yǔ)中Sorry決定了其意為"聽不明白",所以只能選hardly。?
20?"___doyouwritetoyourpenfriend?"?
"Abouttwiceamonth."?
A.HowoftenB.Howsoon
C.HowmuchD.Howlong?
[答案]A.?
[析]howoften用來(lái)提問某一動(dòng)作經(jīng)多久就要發(fā)生一次,也就是提問發(fā)生的頻率。howsoon是問從現(xiàn)在起還有多久。?
21?ChangjiangRiveris___riverinChina??
A.longB.longer
C.longestD.thelongest?
[答案]D.?
22?Illwork___Ican.?
A.sohardlyasB.sohardas
C.ashardlyasD.ashardas?
[答案]D.?
[析]hard可用作形容詞和副詞,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood?又如:Itisraininghard。而hardly是副詞,其詞義是"幾乎不",如:HardlydidIsleeplastnight.我昨晚幾乎沒有睡覺。而且hardly用于句首時(shí)要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。as…as即可以用于肯定句,也可以用于否定句,但so…as則只能用于否定句中。?
23?Itisvery___tolistentohim.?
A.interestedB.interesting
C.interestedinD.interest?
[答案]B.?
[析]interest作為名詞有兩個(gè)詞義,①興趣,②銀行中所講的利息。而其形容詞interesting是"使人感興趣的",而interested是"感興趣的"如:HeisinterestedinEnglish.?
24?Thingsare___worsethanIthought.?
A.moreB.few
C.veryD.much?
[答案]D.?
[析]只有much可以修飾比較級(jí)。?
25?Itisoneoclock,butherfatherhasntcomeback___.?
A.alreadyB.still
C.tooD.yet?
[答案]D.?
[析]完成時(shí)的否定句尾要用yet,而already則用于肯定句。?
26?ComradeChenis___olderthanI.?
A.veryB.more
C.muchD.quite?
[答案]C.?
[析]只有much可以修飾比較級(jí)??梢孕揎棻容^級(jí)的詞還有much,far,evenalittle,byfar等。?
27?Shedidherhomework___.?
A.carefullyB.careful
C.careD.careless?
[答案]A.?
[析]這里應(yīng)填入副詞,而careless是由care加less后輟得來(lái)的,less意為"沒有",是否定之意,如:careless-不小心,homeless-無(wú)家可歸。而carefully為副詞。?
28?TheycantanswerthequestioninJapanese;wecantanswerit,___.?A.alsoB.too
C.eitherD.neither?
[答案]C.?
29?-Howareyourparents??
-Theyarevery___,thankyou.?
A.goodB.kind
C.wellD.happy?
[答案]C.?
[析]由問句得知其詢問的是身體如何,所以well作為身體狀況不錯(cuò)時(shí)應(yīng)視為形容詞。?30?Peterruns___inourclass.?
A.thefastB.faster
C.fastestD.mostfast?
[答案]C.?
[析]副詞的最高級(jí)前可以加定冠詞,也可以不加定冠詞。?
31?Wewereall___gladthatwesanganddanced.?
A.suchB.so
C.veryD.quite?
[答案]B.?
[析]在so與that之間只有形容詞時(shí)不可用such。?
32?Katesings___Joan.?
A.aswellasB.asgoodas
C.sogoodasD.asbetteras?
[答案]A.?
[析]這里well為副詞,意為"唱得好"。?
33?Thiseggsmells___,thoughitlooksallright.?
A.goodB.well
C.badD?badly?
[答案]C.?
[析]smell為系動(dòng)詞,其后應(yīng)加形容詞,而不是副詞。同樣的詞,還有sound,feel,seem、become(變成)等等,如:Icefeelscoldinwinter.?
34?Waitaminute,Ihave___totellyou.?
A.somethinginterestedB.somethinginteresting?
C.interestingsomethingD.anythinginteresting?
[答案]B.?
[析]修飾不定代詞的修飾詞要放在不定代詞之后。?
35?Ishallvisityou___nextyear.?
A.sometimesB.sometime
C.sometimeD.sometimes?
[答案]B.?
[析]sometimes有時(shí),sometime某一時(shí)刻,sometime一段時(shí)間,sometimes若干次?
36?Mysistersaidshewouldtrytospeak___Englisheveryday.?
A.alittleB.afew
C.litttleD.few?
[答案]A.?
[析]little修飾不可數(shù)名詞,而alittle意為"一些,一點(diǎn)"。?
37?Ihave___friendshereandIoftenvisitthem.?
A.fewB.little
C.afewD.alittle?
[答案]C.?
[析]afew意為"有些",few后面要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。?
38?Ofallthesebooks,doyouthink,whichoneis___??
A.interestingB.muchinteresting?
C.moreinterestingD.themostinteresting?
[答案]D.?
[析]Ofallthesebooks是用來(lái)表示最高級(jí)的范圍