小學(xué)古詩(shī)及教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2021-05-032010屆中考英語(yǔ)題型解析預(yù)測(cè)及方法指導(dǎo)。
2010中考英語(yǔ)北京題型解析預(yù)測(cè)及方法指導(dǎo)
2009年中考基本上保持了試題的連續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性,體現(xiàn)了遵循大綱,注重基礎(chǔ),彰顯能力,穩(wěn)中求活的特點(diǎn)。試題緊扣課本,貼近生活。
一、2009年北京中考英語(yǔ)試題結(jié)構(gòu)解析
英語(yǔ)學(xué)科考試試卷總分120分,考試時(shí)間為120分鐘。試題易、中、難比例為6:2:2。
試卷結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)容和題型題量分值
第
一
卷
70
分聽(tīng)力理解
1818
一、聽(tīng)對(duì)話選圖
44
二、聽(tīng)對(duì)話或獨(dú)白選擇答案
1414
語(yǔ)言知識(shí)應(yīng)用
2828
三、單項(xiàng)選擇
1616
四、完形填空
1212
閱讀理解
1224
五、閱讀短文選擇最佳選項(xiàng)
1224
第
二
卷
50
分聽(tīng)力理解
48
一、聽(tīng)對(duì)話或獨(dú)白記錄信息
48
語(yǔ)言知識(shí)應(yīng)用
10
二、完成句子
510
閱讀理解
1217
三、閱讀短文選詞填空
77
四、閱讀短文回答問(wèn)題
510
書面表達(dá)
15
五、文段表達(dá)
115
總計(jì)10
80120
對(duì)比08年,今年的考題難度增大。除了詞匯量增加到2000左右、習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)和固定搭配由95個(gè)增加到200個(gè),英語(yǔ)科目的試題結(jié)構(gòu)和分值也有調(diào)整。增加了部分聽(tīng)力和縮減了單項(xiàng)填空題目的題量和分值,增加了閱讀理解的分?jǐn)?shù)比重,同時(shí),“閱讀與表達(dá)”部分的大題由一道增加到了兩道。
二、聽(tīng)力理解解析
今年的聽(tīng)力理解題較08年的試題,分值沒(méi)有變化但是題量增大,選擇題由14道小題增加到18道;難度相應(yīng)增加。
1.聽(tīng)對(duì)話選圖題由08年的6道題減少至4道題;
2.聽(tīng)對(duì)話和獨(dú)白題的題量由08年的8道題增加至14道題,每道小題的分值由1.5分降為1分。考查范圍對(duì)比前幾年更加廣泛,考查學(xué)生的日常交流能力實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力;該部分難度比以往有所增加;
3.短文填空考查學(xué)生對(duì)短文的理解能力及提取信息的能力,較08年難度有所增加
三、語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用解析
1.單項(xiàng)填空題
1)09年單項(xiàng)填空題題量由18道題減少為16道題,但加強(qiáng)了試題的深度和難度,其中20、21、22、24、26題把語(yǔ)法和日常生活結(jié)合起來(lái),題在書外,理卻在書中。充分體現(xiàn)了“淡化語(yǔ)法,注重語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用和交際”的理念:
考點(diǎn)題號(hào)
1.代詞19,20,23
2.時(shí)態(tài)27,29,31
3.介詞21
4.連詞22
5.形容詞、副詞24,26
6.therebe句型25
7.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞28
8.主將從現(xiàn)30
9.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)32
10.非謂語(yǔ)33
11.賓語(yǔ)從句34
2)下面對(duì)09年英語(yǔ)試卷中的單項(xiàng)填空題作一詳細(xì)解析:
1)第19題考查人稱代詞的用法,人稱代詞主格作主語(yǔ)
2)第20題考查疑問(wèn)詞的使用
3)第21題考查介詞的用法,in+年、季、月
4)第22題考查并列連詞的使用,前后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以選but
5)第23題考查one…another與one…theother的區(qū)別
6)第24題從than可知考查形容詞的比較級(jí)
7)第25題考查therebe句型,這個(gè)句式中的動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致
8)第26題考查形容詞最高級(jí)的用法
9)第27、29、31題分別考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),第28題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
10)第30題考查“主將從現(xiàn)”的用法
11)第32題考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
12)第33題考查固定搭配asksbtodosth
13)第34題考查賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句的兩大原則是“時(shí)態(tài)一致、語(yǔ)序陳述”
3)原文及答案參考:
單項(xiàng)填空(共16分,每小題1分)
從下列各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
19.Mr.Wangisveryfriendly,and______likehimverymuch.
A.weB.usC.ourD.ours
20.–______wonthe100thgoldattheOlympicsforChina?–ZhangYining,she’sfromBeijing.
A.WhoB.WhatC.WhenD.Where
21.Einstein,thefamousscientist,wasborn_______March,1892.
A.atB.onC.inD.to
22.Moneyisimportant_____it’snotthemostimportantthing.
A.andB.butC.orD.so
23.Mysisterhastwoskirts.Oneisyellow,_____isblack.
A.otherB.anotherC.othersD.theother
24.LeecametoBeijingin2005.hehasbeenhere______thanyou.
A.longB.longerC.longestD.thelongest
25.There______manystudentsinthelibraryafterschooleveryday.
A.hasB.haveC.isD.are
26.Tian’anmenSquareisoneof______squaresintheworld.
A.largeB.largerC.largestD.thelargest
27.Mr.Green______tothemanagernow.You’dbettercallhimlater.
A.talkB.talkedC.istalkingD.wastalking
28.–_____youswim?–Yes,butI’mnotagoodswimmer.
A.CanB.MayC.NeedD.Must
29.They_____hertotheparty,soshewasveryhappy.
A.inviteB.invitedC.willinviteD.areinviting
30.IfIfindhisphonenumber,I______you.
A.tellB.toldC.willtellD.havetold
31.She______asananimaltrainersince2003.
A.hasworkedB.worksC.willworkD.worked
32.Thesickboy______tohospitalbythepoliceyesterday.
A.istakenB.wastakenC.takesD.took
33.TheteacheraskedBen______adifficultquestioninclass.
A.answerB.answeringC.toanswerD.answered
34.–Canyoutellme______?–Sheisinthecomputerlab.
A.whereLindawasB.whereisLinda
C.wherewasLindaD.whereLindais
答案:19~25AACBDBD26~30DCABC31~34ABCD
4)方法指導(dǎo):
以下是中考英語(yǔ)主要語(yǔ)法知識(shí)必備一覽表供參考,它的知識(shí)體系是做好單項(xiàng)填空題的重要基石,望同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中能夠據(jù)此表自我查漏補(bǔ)缺,自主提高,最終建立起腦內(nèi)知識(shí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系(四維網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)法的理論精髓之一)。
中考英語(yǔ)主要語(yǔ)法知識(shí)必備一覽表
課量分配主要內(nèi)容
第一節(jié)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
第二節(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
第三節(jié)過(guò)去完成時(shí)
第四節(jié)賓語(yǔ)從句
第五節(jié)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)
第六節(jié)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
第七節(jié)條件狀語(yǔ)從句
第八節(jié)原因狀語(yǔ)從句
第九節(jié)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
第十節(jié)目的狀語(yǔ)從句
第十一節(jié)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
第十二節(jié)比較狀語(yǔ)從句
第十三節(jié)主語(yǔ)從句
第十四節(jié)表語(yǔ)從句
第十五節(jié)定語(yǔ)從句
第十六節(jié)反意疑問(wèn)句
第十七節(jié)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
第十八節(jié)虛擬語(yǔ)氣
第十九節(jié)倒裝句
第二十節(jié)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
第二十一節(jié)助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
第二十二節(jié)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和同義詞辨析
第二十三節(jié)主謂一致
第二十四節(jié)名詞
第二十五節(jié)代詞
第二十六節(jié)數(shù)詞
第二十七節(jié)冠詞
第二十八節(jié)介詞
第二十九節(jié)形容詞、副詞及其比較級(jí)
第三十節(jié)連詞
2.完形填空
1)共12小題,每題1分。完形填空屬于較難題,09年的難度比08年稍大,通過(guò)下表我們可以清楚地看到考點(diǎn)的分布:
詞性分類題號(hào)
1.代詞35,37[工作計(jì)劃之家 WWW.Fz76.cOM]
2.名詞36,45,46
3.形容詞38,39
4.動(dòng)詞40,41,42,43
5.連詞44
2)動(dòng)詞依然成為考查的重點(diǎn),而且四題連考動(dòng)詞,難度加大。40、41、42題考查單詞間細(xì)微的差別,是很多考生平日里所欠缺的,在短期內(nèi)不易提高,需要平時(shí)的積累和反饋。43題“not/neverfailtodo注定,一定能夠”考查雙重否定,類似的句子我們?cè)凇缎赂拍?》16課里見(jiàn)過(guò):Ifyoureceivearequestlikethis,youcannotfailtoobeyit!
3)今年完形難度最大的題出自名詞(45題),makethedifference起作用,有影響。
4)原文及答案參考:
完形填空(共12分,每小題1分)
閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選擇四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。
MyfatherdiedwhenIwasafewmonthsold.Afterhisdeath,mymothermovedbacktoLouisville,Kentucky,where__35__hadgrownup.Welivedinasmallhousewithheroldersister,Marion,andtheirmother.Thiswasatimewhenbeingasingle__36___wasstillconsideredunusual.
WhenIwassmall,therewasachildren’sbookcalledTheHappyFamily,anditwasarealpieceofwork.Dadworkedalldaylogattheoffice,Momcookedinthekitchen,andbrotherandsisteralwayshadfriendssleepingover.Theimageofthefamilyinthisbookwastypical(典型的)ofthetime.Itlooked__37___likemyfamily,butluckilythatwasn’tthewayIheardit.ThewaymyAuntMarionreadittomemadethestoryreally__38__.
Kind-heartedandopen-minded,myauntwastheonewhoplayedbaseballwithme,whotookmehorsebackriding,whotookmetothefather-sondinnersandwhogavemelessonsonhowtodrive.Believingthatanything__39__wasprobablygoodfor,she__40__togetaloan(貸款)sothatIcouldgotoAfricatoworkasavolunteer,whichwasmymostimportantexperience.
Asayounggirl,AuntMarionalwaysplannedtohavealargenumberofchildrenofherown,butshenevergotmarried.This__41__thatshewasfreetospendallhertimetakingcareofme.Manypeoplesaywehavealotincommon.Shealways__42__metodomybest.Shenever__43__tomakemebelievethatIcoulddoanythingwithmylifethatIwanted,ifIonlytriedhardenough.
Formorethansixtyyears,AuntMariondidn’tandstilldon’tthinkofherself.
_44__sheisforcedtocomeuptothefront,myauntwillstandinthebackinfamilyphotos,andshedoesn’tthinkthathereffortshavemademuch__45___.Ihonormyaunt,whotaughtmethethingsmy__46___couldn’t.soeveryJuneforthepast40years,ingrowingthankfulnesstomyAuntMarion,I’vesentheraFather’sDaycard.
35.A.IB.sheC.heD.we
36.A.manB.familyC.parentD.child
37.A.nothingB.anythingC.everythingD.something
38.A.surprisingB.boringC.sadD.funny
39.A.interestingB.pleasantC.impossibleD.unusual
40.A.decidedB.affordedC.offeredD.prepared
41.A.saidB.meantC.provedD.showed
42.A.allowedB.affordedC.offeredD.forced
43.A.hopedB.agreedC.stoppedD.failed
44.A.UnlessB.AlthoughC.SinceD.Before
45.A.differenceB.progressC.troubleD.sense
46.A.TeachersB.motherC.fatherD.friends
答案:35~40BCADDC41~46BBDAAC
3.完成句子
今年的完成句子和去年相比和去年的中考題相比,難度基本持平,屬于“送分題”。詳解如下:
65.重點(diǎn)句式:怎么樣(提出建議):What/Howabout?
66.重點(diǎn)句式:Itis+adj.+forsb./sth.todosth.
67.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):一……就……assoonas
68.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):不但……而且……notonly…butalso…
69.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):阻止某人做某事prevent/keep/stopsb.fromdoingsth.該短語(yǔ)在海淀09一模考試中曾出現(xiàn)過(guò):“我想我們應(yīng)該阻止人們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)合吸煙Ithinkweshouldstoppeoplefromsmokinginpublicplaces.”
方法指導(dǎo):
1.平時(shí)注意中考??季湫偷姆e累,中考考查范圍內(nèi)的基本句型大約有50個(gè),對(duì)這些句型的用法要做到非常熟練。
2.做這類題型特別要注意時(shí)態(tài)的正確使用。
四、閱讀理解
1.閱讀短文選擇最佳選項(xiàng)
題量由08年的11道題增加至12道題,分值由22分增加為24分。閱讀理解的難度比08年大,A、B兩篇基本持平,屬于送分,C篇的難度加大:1、篇幅比08年長(zhǎng),506words,而08年的C篇只有400words;2、題材是同學(xué)們不太熟悉的心理學(xué),而去年的題材是關(guān)于社會(huì)學(xué)理論的,相對(duì)較易。
2.閱讀短文選詞填空
共7小題,每題1分。該題型難度與去年持平,屬于送分題。
3.閱讀短文回答問(wèn)題
共5小題,每題2分。難度與08年持平。對(duì)于閱讀與表達(dá),我們需要做到“保四爭(zhēng)一”:保證前四題全對(duì),最后一題做對(duì)一半就行了。因?yàn)樽詈笠活}沒(méi)有真正意義上的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案,考官是酌情給分的。
4.方法指導(dǎo):
能夠讀懂原文是做好閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵,首先需要具備扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法基本功:時(shí)態(tài)和從句。中考英語(yǔ)要求掌握8種基本時(shí)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí);學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)要注意不同時(shí)態(tài)間的比較、區(qū)分,真正做到透過(guò)現(xiàn)象把握本質(zhì)(四維網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)法的理論精髓之一);從句包括:賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句。學(xué)習(xí)從句的關(guān)鍵是要抓住連接詞,從句的樞紐為連接詞,連接詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。中考閱讀理解基本上離不開(kāi)這8種時(shí)態(tài)和5種從句,時(shí)態(tài)和從句屬規(guī)律性的知識(shí),我們要學(xué)會(huì)利用規(guī)律解決問(wèn)題(四維網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)法的理論精髓之一),在閱讀時(shí)一定要做到對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)和從句能夠迅速辨認(rèn)和理解。希望同學(xué)們今后在閱讀時(shí)要有意識(shí)訓(xùn)練這種能力。其次,需要不斷提升詞匯量,注意初中常用詞組和短語(yǔ),尤其是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的積累。凡事預(yù)則立,不預(yù)則廢。只要你把這些基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)都準(zhǔn)備好了,就能在今后的閱讀理解題目上做到泰然處之。
五、書面表達(dá)
今年寫作題考的是家務(wù)勞動(dòng),屬于傳統(tǒng)話題,目的是保證讓大家有話可說(shuō)。所以寫作的重點(diǎn)不在于觀點(diǎn)的新穎,而在于語(yǔ)言的優(yōu)美。08年的寫作則緊扣時(shí)事,寫作的難度稍大?!?/p>
六、展望2010年中考
通過(guò)對(duì)2009年中考試卷的分析,我們覺(jué)得2010年北京中考英語(yǔ)的難度將會(huì)穩(wěn)中有增。對(duì)知識(shí)的考查會(huì)更加靈活,注重知識(shí)與語(yǔ)境的結(jié)合,整個(gè)試卷不是孤立地考查某些知識(shí)點(diǎn),而是通過(guò)一定的語(yǔ)境來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考查,基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)立足于課本,源于課本,但又不拘泥于課本,強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)用,貼近生活,選材豐富多樣,此種命題趨勢(shì)在2010年的中考英語(yǔ)中會(huì)得到近一步的加強(qiáng)。同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要做到“知其然,知其所以然”,真正、全面掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)的用法。
總之,我們認(rèn)為2010年中考英語(yǔ)試題,將近一步體現(xiàn)新課標(biāo)的理念,注重對(duì)學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行聽(tīng),說(shuō),讀,寫能力的全面考查,只要我們把握好了中考命題方向,掌握好做題的技巧,對(duì)學(xué)生訓(xùn)練有度,我們就會(huì)取得2010年的中考勝利。
擴(kuò)展閱讀
2010屆中考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力學(xué)習(xí)方法與應(yīng)試技巧
學(xué)習(xí)方法與應(yīng)試技巧(代前言)
聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫、譯是英語(yǔ)的五個(gè)組成部分,這五種英語(yǔ)的基本功是一個(gè)既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別的整體,其中聽(tīng)是一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)。聽(tīng)的關(guān)鍵不在于戴不戴耳機(jī),而在于怎么戴、戴多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。有些人是鴨子聽(tīng)雷,只進(jìn)耳朵不進(jìn)腦;有些人是三天打魚兩天曬網(wǎng),過(guò)段時(shí)間就不知耳機(jī)放在哪兒了,這些不良習(xí)慣都需要我們克服。聽(tīng)講究的是持之以恒和原汁原味的模仿。俗話說(shuō)熟能生巧,聽(tīng)得多了,就會(huì)給說(shuō)打下一個(gè)很好的基礎(chǔ),聽(tīng)力水平提高了,口語(yǔ)和發(fā)音也會(huì)跟著提高,,英語(yǔ)讀寫能力也會(huì)相應(yīng)提高,可謂一舉多得。
說(shuō)是與聽(tīng)密切聯(lián)系的,但是它的要領(lǐng)卻與聽(tīng)恰恰相反∶它在于你敢不敢張開(kāi)你的嘴,大聲地、哪怕是錯(cuò)誤百出地表達(dá)你的思想。張嘴的次數(shù)越多,英語(yǔ)讓你所犯的錯(cuò)誤就會(huì)越來(lái)越少。聽(tīng)和說(shuō)都需要注意積累,一些好的搭配、一些地道的用法都是從平時(shí)的不斷積累中來(lái)的。聽(tīng)和說(shuō)的另外一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)是它們都以掌握單詞的正確發(fā)音和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)為基礎(chǔ),只有勤于摹仿、不斷練習(xí)才能夠保證你學(xué)到一口地道的原汁原味的英語(yǔ)。
讀的過(guò)程中要用心讀,遇到不懂的問(wèn)題要通過(guò)各種渠道及時(shí)的搞明白,讀一遍要有一遍的效果,不能讀過(guò)去了一點(diǎn)印象都沒(méi)有,那等于是在做無(wú)用功。讀的關(guān)鍵在于“跳躍”,在于你敢不敢跳過(guò)你目前的閱讀水平去閱讀更高一個(gè)檔次的文章。在跳讀的開(kāi)始階段,你可能會(huì)遇到意想不到的阻力和打擊。但是如果你堅(jiān)持做了,而且做到底了,英語(yǔ)就會(huì)給你以應(yīng)有的回報(bào)。
當(dāng)然跳讀也要具備一定的條件和熟練程度,不具備條件而急于跳讀或已具備了條件而不去跳讀,都是不對(duì)的。至于具體條件是什么、需要達(dá)到什么樣的熟練程度,則需要我們自己在閱讀實(shí)踐中結(jié)合自己的情況不斷地去摸索。
寫是的文字表達(dá)形式,一個(gè)人的口語(yǔ)不錯(cuò),他的作文能力也一定不會(huì)低。它與說(shuō)和聽(tīng)一樣,都需要持之以恒。因?yàn)槟悴坏谔岣咦约旱挠⒄Z(yǔ)水平,而且也在鍛煉表達(dá)能力。
譯是讀和寫的結(jié)合,一個(gè)人譯的能力是建立在讀和寫的能力之上的。但是這并不等于一個(gè)人的讀和寫的能力很高,他的譯的能力就一定會(huì)很高。譯的關(guān)鍵在于實(shí)踐,因?yàn)槌死斫夂捅磉_(dá)外,譯中還包含著很多方面的技巧,而這些技巧不通過(guò)具體的翻譯實(shí)踐是很難掌握的。
聽(tīng)力測(cè)試作為對(duì)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言能力的考察,越來(lái)越受到重視。近年來(lái),全國(guó)各地加大了對(duì)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試的力度,聽(tīng)力能力的高低直接影響到了英語(yǔ)考試的總分。下面是編者根據(jù)多年來(lái)在聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn),給同學(xué)們提幾條建議,希望同學(xué)們認(rèn)真閱讀,從而對(duì)提高大家的聽(tīng)力水平有所幫助。
1.放松
放松情緒和集中精力并不矛盾,過(guò)于緊張的情緒有礙考生的正常發(fā)揮;反之,放松一下情緒,比如考前的深呼吸或閉目片刻都可使考生心情平靜下來(lái),一旦開(kāi)始播音,考生便很容易進(jìn)入答題狀態(tài)。
2.預(yù)覽
考生應(yīng)充分利用播音前及中間間歇時(shí)間預(yù)覽聽(tīng)力題的題干和選項(xiàng),并對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料的話題內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),這是考生在聽(tīng)力測(cè)試中應(yīng)掌握的一個(gè)重要步驟。
預(yù)覽有四個(gè)時(shí)機(jī):①試卷分發(fā)后,填涂姓名及準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)之后的剩余時(shí)間;②播放試音材料時(shí);③介紹每一節(jié)試題做法時(shí);④播放每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前5秒鐘。
3.預(yù)測(cè)
(1)聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)
?、俑鶕?jù)題干信息進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)
語(yǔ)言交際離不開(kāi)語(yǔ)境。比如:在學(xué)校,常出現(xiàn)教師和學(xué)生的談話,談?wù)搩?nèi)容通常為學(xué)習(xí)、考試、作業(yè)等問(wèn)題;在醫(yī)院,常出現(xiàn)醫(yī)生和病人的談話,談?wù)搩?nèi)容多為病情、治療、健康等問(wèn)題。如果我們從題干中獲取了某些方面的信息,就可以預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)話的語(yǔ)境、人物身份及對(duì)話的大體內(nèi)容。這種方法尤其適用于回答詢問(wèn)對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、談話人之間的關(guān)系及各自職業(yè)的試題。
②抓住關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)
對(duì)于一些詢問(wèn)說(shuō)話人行為狀態(tài)、事件原因以及推斷性的題目來(lái)說(shuō),所給選項(xiàng)的句子一般較長(zhǎng),成分也較復(fù)雜,預(yù)測(cè)語(yǔ)言信息較難。對(duì)這類題目可采用比較選項(xiàng),分清相同點(diǎn)與不同點(diǎn),特別要注意各選項(xiàng)中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞匯,從關(guān)鍵詞入手,對(duì)要聽(tīng)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。
(2)聽(tīng)中預(yù)測(cè)
①根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)
②根據(jù)信號(hào)詞進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)
(3)聽(tīng)后推測(cè)
預(yù)測(cè)活動(dòng)貫穿聽(tīng)力理解的全過(guò)程。考生在聽(tīng)完試題后應(yīng)前后聯(lián)系,利用后面聽(tīng)到的信息補(bǔ)充前面信息中有疑問(wèn)或漏聽(tīng)的信息,并對(duì)聽(tīng)前、聽(tīng)中的預(yù)測(cè)加以推理、分析和修正,從而提高理解的準(zhǔn)確度。
4.檢查
很多考生認(rèn)為聽(tīng)力測(cè)試無(wú)法檢查。但是可以利用短暫的大腦記憶存儲(chǔ)或邊聽(tīng)邊記的筆記把沒(méi)聽(tīng)清或沒(méi)記全的東西補(bǔ)齊。同樣,還可以用所掌握的語(yǔ)法或習(xí)慣表達(dá)來(lái)查漏補(bǔ)缺。例如根據(jù)短文填空,可以根據(jù)句子上下文來(lái)檢查一些形容詞、副詞的比較或最高級(jí),以及動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù),現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去式等。
中考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(一)
聽(tīng)力部分(第一節(jié))
I.聽(tīng)句子,選出句子中所包含的信息。(共5小題,每小題1分,計(jì)5分)
1.A.hatesB.hurtsC.hearts
2.A.[emailprotected]B.[emailprotected]C.[emailprotected]
3.A.workoutB.findoutC.putout
4.A.Dogsareourpets.B.Dogsareeasytotakecareof.C.Takingcareofdogsisdifficult.
5.A.Thescientistonlycaresabouthisresearch.
B.Thescientistcaresabouteverythingexcepthisresearch.
C.Thescientistcaresabouteverythingincludinghisresearch.
II.聽(tīng)句子,選出該句的最佳答語(yǔ)。(共5小題,每小題1分,計(jì)5分)
6.A.Sheisverybusy.B.Shehasmuchhomeworktoday.C.Sheisn’tfeelingwell.
7.A.Lindaismoreathletic.B.LiuYingissmarterthanLinda.C.Linda.
8.A.Forthreeyears.B.Fiveyearsago.C.Thestampsareverybeautiful.
9.A.Pleaselookattheman.B.Don’tworry.Icanhelpyou.C.Well,Idon’tcare.
10.A.Thecarisusefulatthemoment.B.Itwasinventedin1885.C.Thecarcosts0.
III.聽(tīng)對(duì)話和問(wèn)題,選擇正確的選項(xiàng)。(共5小題,每小題1分,計(jì)5分)
11.Whatistheboydoingforvacation?
A.Goinghiking.B.Goingboating.C.Visitinghisfriends.
12.WhydidtheboycalltheTVstation?
A.Becausesomepeoplehurtinacaraccident.
B.Becausethegirlfelloffthebicycle.
C.Becausesomepeoplewerefightinginthestreet.
13.Whosemustthesoccerballbelongto?
A.Grace’s.B.Mary’s.C.LiYing’s.
14.Whatspecialdayisit?
A.B.C.
15.Whatwilltheboygivethekids?
A.B.C.
IV.聽(tīng)語(yǔ)段、對(duì)話和問(wèn)題,選擇正確答案。(共10小題,每小題1分,計(jì)10分)
16.What’sthematterwiththewriter?
A.Haveaheadache.B.Haveastomachache.C.Haveafever.
17.Didthedoctorcometothehospitalatlast?
A.Yes,hedid.B.No,hedidn’t.C.Ithinkso.
18.Whereisthewomanspeaking?
A.Afactory.B.Amuseum.C.Alab.
19.Whichfloorarethegoodcars?
A.Firstfloor.B.Secondfloor.C.Thirdfloor.
20.Whatmustwedoinordertokeephealthy?
A.Eathealthyfood.B.Haveagoodlivinghabits.C.Wearwarmclothes
21.Howmanywaysdoesthewritertalkabouttopreventillnessinthepassage?
A.Three.B.Four.C.Five
22.Howdotheytalkwitheachother?
A.FacetoFace.B.ByQQ.C.Onthephone.
23.Wherearetheygoingontheschooltrip?
A.SouthHill.B.WestHill.C.EastZoo.
24.Whenaretheyleaving?
A.At7:45am.B.At8:00am.C.At8:10am.
25.Wherearetheygoingtostoponthewayback?
A.EastLake.B.EastZoo.C.SouthPark.
聽(tīng)力部分(第二節(jié))
V.聽(tīng)短文填空。(共5小題,每小題1分,計(jì)5分)
26.TheNorthSeasisaoffice.
27.TheOfficehasmovedtopartofthetown.
28.TheirnewaddressistheChurchBank.
29.Theirbusinesshoursarefromto5:00pm.
30.Theyhavemanyexcitingatspecialprices.
中考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(二)
聽(tīng)力部分(第一節(jié))
I.聽(tīng)句子,選出句子中所包含的信息。(共5小題,每小題1分,計(jì)5分)
1.A.styleB.singleC.supply
2.A.FlightNo.618B.FlightNo.608C.FlightNo.628
3.A.dealwithB.talkwithC.busywith
4.A.Mymotherwouldlikemetoclimbthetree.
B.Mymotherdoesn’twantmetoclimbthetree.
C.Mymotherdoesn’tstopmefromclimbingthetree.
5.A.Theydecidedtostayathome.B.Theydecidedtogoshopping.C.Theydidn’tgoshopping.
II.聽(tīng)句子,選出該句的最佳答語(yǔ)。(共5小題,每小題1分,計(jì)5分)
6.A.Foraday.B.Twiceaweek.C.At6:00.
7.A.Ithinkso.B.LinPingisverytall.C.I’moutgoing,too.
8.A.Iwassleepingathome.
B.Iamdoingmyhomeworkatthattime.
C.Ididsomehouseworkwithmyparents.
9.A.Athome.B.Withmymother.C.OnSunday.
10.A.Ilikeplaceswheretheweatherisalwayswarm.
B.I’dliketogoParis.
C.IhopetovisitHawaiioneday.
III.聽(tīng)對(duì)話和問(wèn)題,選擇正確的選項(xiàng)。(共5小題,每小題1分,計(jì)5分)
11.WhatshouldJaneeatmore?
A.Tofu.B.Apples.C.Beef.
12.Whatviewsdoestheboyhaveaboutgoodfriends?
A.Goodfriendsshouldhavethesameclothes.
B.Goodfriendsshouldhavedifferentinterets.
C.Goodfriendsshouldhavethesamehaircut.
13.Whatdoesthegirllooklikebefore?
A.Shehadshorthair.B.Shehadlonghair.C.Shewasquiet.
14.Wherearetheyprobablytalking?
A.B.C.
15.Whichsignisthere?
A.B.C.
IV.聽(tīng)語(yǔ)段、對(duì)話和問(wèn)題,選擇正確答案。(共10小題,每小題1分,計(jì)10分)
16.Whichfloorarethedoublerooms?
A.Onthethirdfloor.B.Onthefourthfloor.C.Onthefifthfloor.
17.Howmucharethedoubleroomseachnight?
A.0.B.0.C.0.
18.Whatplaysanimportantpartinourdialylife?
A.Telephone.B.Computer.C.Car.
19.Whenwasthecomputerinvented?
A.1876.B.1976.C.1967.
20.WhichOlympicgamesdidWangWeivolunteertoserveinthedream?
A.London.B.Beijing.C.Sydney.
21.DidLiMingknowthewaytotheSunHotel?
A.Yes,hedid.B.No,hedidn’t.C.I’mnotsure.
22.What’sthepaintingabout?
A.Abird.B.Aflower.C.Atiger.
23.Honglongisthepainting?
A.Twometers.B.Halfameter.C.Anmeter.
24.Wholostthepainting?
A.TomBrown.B.JohnBrown.C.MaryJohn.
25.What’stheaddressoftheman?
A.OnParkStreet.B.OnGuangMingRoad.C.OnParkRoad.
聽(tīng)力部分(第二節(jié))
V.聽(tīng)短文填空。(共5小題,每小題1分,計(jì)5分)
26.TheChensstayedinCopenhagenfordays.
27.Theirchildrenboughthugeinthepark.
28.Awasworkinginthepictureofthepostcard.
29.Someofthestreetswerecalled“Streets”.
30.TherewerealsosomeChineseinCopenhagen.
中考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(一)
聽(tīng)力材料
聽(tīng)力部分(第一節(jié))
第一題:聽(tīng)句子,選出句子中所包含的信息。
下面你將聽(tīng)到五個(gè)句子,每個(gè)句子讀兩遍,請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)完句子的第二遍朗讀后,從各小題所給出的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出包含所聽(tīng)到信息的選項(xiàng)。
No.1.Myheadhurtsalittle,butit’snotserious.
No.2.Tom’se-mailadressis[emailprotected].
No.3.Findoutwhatyouaregoodat.
No.4.Dogsaretoodifficulttotakecareof.
No.5.Thescientistcaresaboutnothingbuthisresearch.
第二題:聽(tīng)句子,選出該句的最佳答語(yǔ)。
下面你將聽(tīng)到五個(gè)句子,每個(gè)句子讀兩遍。請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)完句子的第二遍朗讀后,從各小題所給出的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出該句的最佳答語(yǔ)。
No.6.What’sthematterwithNancy?
No.7.Whodoyouthinkshouldgetthejob,LindaorLiuYing?
No.8.Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingthestamps?
No.9.Idon’tknowthewaytothestation.
No.10.Whenwasthecarinvented?
第三題:聽(tīng)對(duì)話和問(wèn)題,選擇最佳答案。
下面你將聽(tīng)到五組對(duì)話和問(wèn)題,每組對(duì)話和問(wèn)題讀兩遍。請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)完對(duì)話和問(wèn)題的第二遍朗讀后,從各小題所給出的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出正確答案。
No.11.W:Whatareyoudoingforvacation,Tony?
M:I’mvisitingmyfriendsinHongKong.
W:Thatsoundsinteresting.I’mgoinghikinginthemountains.
Q:Whatistheboydoingforvacation?
No.12.M:WhatwereyoudoingwhenIcalledtheTVstation?
W:Iwasridingmybicycletoschool.What’swrong?
M:Somepeoplehurtinacaraccident.
Q:WhydidtheboycalltheTVstation?
No.13.M:Look!Here’sasoccerball.Whosedoesitbelongto?
W:Gracelovessoccerballverymuch.IthinkitmustbelongtoGrace.
M:Oh.There’sanameonit.ItisMary’s.
Q:Whosemustthesoccerballbelongto?
No.14.M:I’vebeenherefortwomonths,butIreallymissmyhome,especiallyatthisspecialtimeoftheyear.
W:Comeon.Let’sbuysomemooncakesandenjoyourselves.
Q:Whatspecialdayisit?
No.15.W:I’dliketojointheschoolvolunteerproject.Iwillcleanupthezoo.Whataboutyou?
M:I’dliketofixupbikesandgivethemawaytokidswhoneedthem.
Q:Whatwilltheboygivethekids?
第四題:聽(tīng)語(yǔ)段、對(duì)話和問(wèn)題,選擇正確答案。
下面你將聽(tīng)到四篇聽(tīng)力材料和十個(gè)問(wèn)題,聽(tīng)力材料和問(wèn)題讀兩遍,請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)完聽(tīng)力材料和問(wèn)題的第二遍朗讀后,根據(jù)所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容,從各小題所給出的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出正確答案。
下面請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第一篇材料,并回答第16-17題。
Onenight,Iwaswokenupbyasharppaininmystomachatabout2:am.Icalledupmyfriendandhedrovemetothehospital.WhenIgottothehospital,thenurseletmesitdownandwaitforadoctor.Isatdownandwaited,butthedoctordidn’tcome.Luckily,mystomachachedisappearedlaterandIwenthome.
Questions:No.16.What’sthematterwiththewriter?
No.17.Didthedoctorcometothehospitalatlast?
下面請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第二篇材料,并回答第18-19題。
Goodmorning!WelcometotheScienceMuseum.I’mMrsBlack,andIwillbeyourguidetoday.OK,onthefirstfloortherearesomesciencelabs.Wewillspendanhourhere.Thenwewillgotothesecondfloor.Therewecanlearnaboutthehistoryofcars.Wehavehalfanhourtoseesomegoodcars.Onthethirdfloorwewilllearnsomethingaboutspace.Wewillspendanhourthere.Pleasefollowme.
Questions:No.18.Whereisthewomanspeaking?
No.19.Whichfloorarethegoodcars?
下面請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第三篇材料,并回答第20-21題。
ManystudentsaregettingH1N1fluthesedays.Inordertokeephealthy,wemusthavegoodlivinghabits.First,it’simportanttowashourhandsasoftenaspossible,especiallybeforewehavemeals.Cleanhandswillhelpustopreventillnesses.Thenwe’dbetterexerciseregularlyandsleepwell.Ithinkweshouldalsoopenthewindowstoletthefreshairin,Finally,whenwefeelsick,wemustgotoseethedoctoratonce.
Ibelievewecankeepawayfromillnessesifweformgoodlivinghabits.
Questions:No.20.Whatmustwedoinordertokeephealthy?
No.21.Howmanywaysdoesthewritertalkabouttopreventillnessinthepassage?
下面請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第四篇材料,并回答第22-25題。
W:CouldIspeaktoJohn,please?
M:Speaking.
W:ThisisAlana.AreyougoingontheschooltriptoSouthHilltomorrow?
M:Yes,Iam.Why?
W:Well,Iwasn’tinschoolyesterday,andIneedsomeinformation.
M:Whatdoyouwanttoknow?
W:Whenwillthebusleave?
M:At8:am.Butwehavetobeatschoolby7:45am.
W:OK.WhenshallwegettoSouthHill?
M:We’llbethereataround10:00amandwe’llhavelunchat12:30pm.
W:Andwhenshallweleavetocomeback?
M:WewillleaveSouthHillat3:00pm,andwe’llstopatEastLakeonthewayback.
W:Soundslikeaninterestingday.Seeyoutomorrow.
M:Seeyou.
Questions:No.22.Howdotheytalkwitheachother?
No.23.Wherearetheygoingontheschooltrip?
No.24.Whenaretheyleaving?
No.25.Wherearetheygoingtostoponthewayback?
聽(tīng)力部分(第二節(jié))
聽(tīng)短文填空。
下面你將聽(tīng)到一篇短文,短文讀兩遍,請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)完短文的第二遍朗讀后,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和提示,在信息表中相應(yīng)的橫線上填入所缺的信息。
Hello!ThisistheNorthSeasTravelOffice.I’msorrythatthereisnoonetoansweryourcallatthemoment.TheNorthSeasTravelOfficehasmovedtoanotherpartofthetown.Pleaseringusat8478696.That’sournewtelephonenumber.OurnewaddressisclosetotheChurchBank.OurnewofficewillopenforbusinessonJune26.Andourbusinesshoursarefrom9:00amto5:00pm.Wehopetoseeyousoonatournewaddress.Wehavemanyexcitingholidaysatspecialprices.Ifyouspend0onyourholiday,youwillgetatravelbag.ThankyouforcallingtheNorthSeasTravelOffice.
中考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(二)
聽(tīng)力材料
聽(tīng)力部分(第一節(jié))
第一題:聽(tīng)句子,選出句子中所包含的信息。
下面你將聽(tīng)到五個(gè)句子,每個(gè)句子讀兩遍,請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)完句子的第二遍朗讀后,從各小題所給出的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出包含所聽(tīng)到信息的選項(xiàng)。
No.1.Idon’tlikethecolor,butIlikethestyle.
No.2.ItistheFlightNo.628toChina.
No.3.Howdidwedealwiththemoney?
No.4.Mymothertriedtostopmefromclimbingthetree.
No.5.Theydecidedtogotothemallsinsteadofstayingathome.
第二題:聽(tīng)句子,選出該句的最佳答語(yǔ)。
下面你將聽(tīng)到五個(gè)句子,每個(gè)句子讀兩遍。請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)完句子的第二遍朗讀后,從各小題所給出的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出該句的最佳答語(yǔ)。
No.6.Howoftendoyoueatfruit?
No.7.LinPingisalittlemoreoutgoingthanme.
No.8.Whatwereyoudoingatnineyesterday?
No.9.WhenareyouleavingforLondon?
No.10.Wherewouldyouliketogoonvacation?
第三題:聽(tīng)對(duì)話和問(wèn)題,選擇最佳答案。
下面你將聽(tīng)到五組對(duì)話和問(wèn)題,每組對(duì)話和問(wèn)題讀兩遍。請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)完對(duì)話和問(wèn)題的第二遍朗讀后,從各小題所給出的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出正確答案。
No.11.M:Whydoyoulookweak,Jane?
W:Ialwaysfeeltiredanddon’tfeellikestudying.
M:Youshouldeathotyangfoods,likebeef.
Q:WhatshouldJaneeatmore?
No.12.M:MyfriendwearsthesameclothesandhasthesamehaircutasIdo.WhatshouldIdo?
W:Itisbecausethathelikesyouverymuch,Ithink.
M:Ithinkgoodfriendsshouldhavedifferentinterests.
Q:Whatviewsdoestheboyhaveaboutgoodfriends?
No.13.M:Youhavelonghairnowandaredifferentfrombefore.
W:Yes,Iusedtohaveshorthair.
M:Doyouthinkwhichisbetter?
W:Shorthairisbetter.
Q:Whatdoesthegirllooklikebefore?
No.14.M:Goodafternoon,madam.WhatcanIdoforyou?
W:I’dliketocheckoutRoom501.
M:Allright.Here’sthebill.
Q:Wherearetheyprobablytalking?
No.15.M:Oh,howbeautifulthepicturesare!
W:Yes,Ihaven’tseensuchbeautifulpicturesbefore.
M:Let’stakesomephotosinfrontofthem.
W:No,wemustn’t.Lookatthesign,please.
Q:Whichsignisthere?
第四題:聽(tīng)語(yǔ)段、對(duì)話和問(wèn)題,選擇正確答案。
下面你將聽(tīng)到四篇聽(tīng)力材料和十個(gè)問(wèn)題,聽(tīng)力材料和問(wèn)題讀兩遍,請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)完聽(tīng)力材料和問(wèn)題的第二遍朗讀后,根據(jù)所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容,從各小題所給出的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出正確答案。
下面請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第一篇材料,并回答第16-17題。
Hi,Peter.Thankyouverymuchforyourtelephonecall.I’mgladtotellyouthatwehavetwodoubleroomsforyounow.TheroomsareonthefifthfloorandyoucanhaveagoodlookattheRedSea.Thepriceforeachroomis0eachnight.Everymorningfrom7:00to9:30,yourbreakfastisfree,butyouhavetopayforyourlunchandsupperifyoueatinourhotel.
Questions:No.16.Whichfloorarethedoublerooms?
No.17.Howmucharethedoubleroomseachnight?
下面請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第二篇材料,并回答第18-19題。
Inventionshavechangedourlifegreatly.Oneofthemostusefulinventionsisthetelephone.ItwasinventedbyBellin1876.Itplaysanimportantpartinourdailylife.Anotherimportantinventionisthecomputerwhichwasinventedin1976.WecansurftheInternettogetinformation.Italsomakesourlifecolorful.
Questions:No.18.Whatplaysanimportantpartinourdialylife?
No.19.Whenwasthecomputerinvented?
下面請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第三篇材料,并回答第20-21題。
WangWeihadadreamlastnight.InthedreamhevolunteeredtoserveintheLondonOlympicgames.Hetriedhisbesttohelpthepeoplefromdifferentcountries.WhenhefoundaChinesefriend,LiMing,hewasveryexcited.LiMingdidn’tknowthewaytotheSunHotel.ThenWangWeihelpedhimtofindit.WangWeiwasveryhappy.Hesmiledandsmiledhappily.Thenhewokeup.
Questions:No.20.WhichOlympicgamesdidWangWeivolunteertoserveinthedream?
No.21.DidLiMingknowthewaytotheSunHotel?
下面請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第四篇材料,并回答第22-25題。
M:Excuseme.Ilostmypainting.
W:Isee.I’llhavetofilloutthislostandfoundreportforyou.Itisapainting,isn’tit?
M:That’sright.
W:Canyoutellmeanythingaboutit?
M:Yes.It’sfamouspainting,worth5,500dollars.It’saboutatiger.It’stwometerslongandhalfameterwide.
W:Andwheredidyouleaveit?
M:I’msureIleftitattheteahouse.
W:Andwhenwasthat?
M:Atabout1:30,Ithink.
W:Don’tworry.I’msureitwillbereturned.Nowcouldyougivemeyourname?M:JohnBrown.
W:Andyourdress,MrBrown.?
M:20ParkRoad.
W:Andyourtelephonenumber,please?
M:46712390.
Questions:No.22.What’sthepaintingabout?
No.23.Honglongisthepainting?
No.24.Wholostthepainting?
No.25.What’stheaddressoftheman?
聽(tīng)力部分(第二節(jié))
聽(tīng)短文填空。
下面你將聽(tīng)到一篇短文,短文讀兩遍,請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)完短文的第二遍朗讀后,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和提示,在信息表中相應(yīng)的橫線上填入所缺的信息。
TheChenswenttoEuropeforaholiday.TheyvisitedCopenhagen,thecapitalofDenmark,andstayedthereforthreedays.WhiletheywereinCopenhagen,theywenttoafamouspark.Theirchildrenboughthugeicecreamsandenjoyedthemselvesinthepark.MaryChenboughtapostcard.Therewasapictureonthecard.Inthepicture,apolicemanwasworking.Someofthestreetswerefullofcars,trucksandbicycles,butsomewerecalled“WalkingStreets”.becausepeoplecouldwalkalongthemsafely.Copenhagenwascleananditwasnotverynoisyorbusy.SomeoftheshopkeeperstherespokeEnglishandthereweresomeChineserestaurants.
2010屆中考英語(yǔ)連詞總復(fù)習(xí)
2010屆中考英語(yǔ)連詞總復(fù)習(xí)
?
(一)知識(shí)概要?
連詞是一種在句子與句子之間,短語(yǔ)之間以及名詞等其他詞語(yǔ)之間起連接作用的虛詞,它不能單獨(dú)作句子的成份。按其意義可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。?并列連詞連接的雙方是對(duì)等的。常有的并列連詞有and,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,aswellas等。但如果連接的兩部分意義不趨向一致,意義有轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞有:but,however,while(而),only(只不過(guò))。還有表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞,如:or,orelse,otherwise…再有的是連接雙方,互為因果,或表示前因后果的連詞有:for,so,therefore(因此),then等。?從屬連詞在初中范圍內(nèi)常常用來(lái)連接名詞性從句,如:that,if,whether,其次用來(lái)連接狀語(yǔ)從句。其中有原因狀語(yǔ)從句,常用的連接詞有:whenwhile,as,since,before,after,once,assoonas,until,till連接條件狀語(yǔ)的連詞有:if,unless,aslongas等,而原因狀語(yǔ)的連接詞有because,since,as,nowthat(既然)。目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、地點(diǎn)等狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有:sothat,so…that,such…that,as…as,than,where…它們?cè)诰渥优c文章中幾乎無(wú)處不見(jiàn)。?具體用法見(jiàn)下表。?
連詞用法一覽表
種類功用例句
并列連詞連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞HeknowsneitherEnglishnorFrench.
短語(yǔ)Areyougoingbybusoronfoot?
分句Marywasagoodgirl,butshehadoneshortcoming.
從屬連詞引導(dǎo):狀語(yǔ)從句Illdoitasyoutoldme.
Youwillbelateunlessyouhurry.
連接代詞和連接副詞主語(yǔ)從句Whathesaidprovedtrue.
Whenwellstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.
表語(yǔ)從句Thisiswhyhedidntcomeyesterday.
Thatiswherehelives.
賓語(yǔ)從句ThemanaskedmewhichIlikedbest.?
Icantunderstandwhysheissolate.
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞定語(yǔ)從句Nicotineisadrugthatgetsoneintothehabitofsmoking.?
HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.
(二)正誤辨析?
[誤]Bothmyparentsarenothere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.?
[正]Neitherofmyparentsishere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.?
[析]在英語(yǔ)中both一般用于肯定句中,如用于否定句中,其意義也不同于漢語(yǔ),如:Bothofusarenotright.在英語(yǔ)中應(yīng)被理解為"我們倆不都對(duì)。"而Neitherofusisright。才能被理解為"我們倆無(wú)一正確"。?
[誤]Heorhisparentshassometicketsforthefilm.?
[正]Heorhisparentshavesometicketsforthefilm.?
[析]由or連接兩主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與相臨近的那一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。?
[誤]Youshouldstudyhard,andyouwontpasstheexam.?
[正]Youshouldstudyhard,oryouwontpasstheexam.?
[析]or作為連詞,這里的意思為"否則"。又如:Hurryup,oryoullbelateforschool.
[誤]Thoughheispoor,butheisreadytohelpothers.?
[正]Thoughheispoor,heisreadytohelpothers.?
[正]Heispoor,butheisreadytohelpothers.?
[析]"雖然……但是"是中文中的常用結(jié)構(gòu),但在英文中用了"雖然"則不要用"但是",用了"但是"則不能再用"雖然",二者只可用其一。?
[誤]EitheryouorIareonduty.?
[正]EitheryouorIamonduty.?
[析]either…or連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與相臨近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng),這也叫作就近原則。類似的用法還有or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等。?
[誤]TomisourEnglishteacherandteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.?
[正]TomisourEnglishteacherandisteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.?
[析]并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略,以免重復(fù),但不是所有詞都可作任意的省略的。當(dāng)你連接的是兩個(gè)系動(dòng)詞時(shí),后面的那個(gè)系動(dòng)詞不可省略,也就是講連接的部分不可省略。?
[誤]Myfatherlikesswimmingandtocollectstamps.?
[正]Myfatherlikesswimmingandcollectingstamps.?
[析]由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)部分要保持相等的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。如是動(dòng)名詞則都用動(dòng)名詞,如用不定式則都應(yīng)用不定式,這是初學(xué)者要注意的一點(diǎn)。?
[誤]Myfatherisreadinganewspaper,Iamdoingmyhomework.?
[正]MyfatherisreadinganewspaperwhileIamdoingmyhomework.?
[析]兩個(gè)并列句中間不可用逗號(hào)連接,要用并列連詞來(lái)連接。?
[誤]MyfatheraskedmethatifIwantedtolearnhowtodrive.?
[正]MyfatheraskedmeifIwantedtolearnhowtodrive.?
[析]賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞只能有一個(gè)不能重復(fù)使用。?
[誤]WewillgobothtoBeijingandShanghai.?
[正]WewillgotobothBeijingandShanghai.?
[析]用both…and…作連接詞時(shí),其相連接的部分結(jié)構(gòu)也要相同。?
[誤]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersisgoingtodance.?
[正]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersaregoingtodance.?
[析]由notonly…butalso…連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),其重點(diǎn)在其后面的那一個(gè)主語(yǔ),所以謂語(yǔ)形式應(yīng)采用就近原則。?
[誤]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsarecoming.?
[正]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsiscoming.?
[析]由aswellas連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與aswellas后面的名詞無(wú)關(guān),而與前面的名詞相一致。?
[誤]Tomdoesnotswimnorplayfootball.?
[正]Tomdoesnotswimorplayfootball.?
[析]nor主要用于連接句子的對(duì)等連詞,如在否定句中連接某一部分時(shí)要用or,但要注意句子的含意,如:Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacoworahorse.這個(gè)動(dòng)物既不像牛也不像馬。Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacowbutahorse.這個(gè)動(dòng)物不像牛而像馬。?
[誤]Forthereisnolightintheclassroom.Thestudentsmusthavegonehome.
[正]Thestudentsmusthavegonehome,forthereisnolightintheclassroom.
[析]由for引出的原因狀語(yǔ)從句在使用時(shí)要注意不能將該從句置于句首,而應(yīng)置于主句之后,并在主句與從句之間加一逗號(hào)。更要注意的是because,as,since與for4個(gè)表示原因的連詞中because是因果關(guān)系,是最強(qiáng)的一個(gè),而for是最弱的一個(gè)。有些語(yǔ)法書中干脆把for叫做并列連詞
[誤]MybrotherwillpasstheEnglishexamisnoquestion.?
[正]ThatmybrotherwillpasstheEnglishexamisnoquestion.?
[析]主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that是不可省略的。這一點(diǎn)不要和賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞相提并論。
[誤]Thismapwillshowyouhowwillyougettothehotel.?
[正]Thismapwillshowyouhowyouwillgettothehotel.?
[析]名詞性從句作賓語(yǔ)從句使用時(shí),最重要的一點(diǎn)是要用陳述語(yǔ)句。特別要注意的是那些使用雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,如:tell,ask,show…?
[誤]Whiletheclockstruchten,allthelightswentout.?
[正]Whentheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.?
[析]while是強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作在同時(shí)進(jìn)行中,如:WhileIamdoingmyhomework,myfatherisreadinganewspaper.而這里的when是"正當(dāng)某某時(shí)刻","就在這一時(shí)間點(diǎn)上",其重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)在某一特定時(shí)刻某動(dòng)作的發(fā)生。?
[誤]WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.?
[正]WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.?
[析]這里用when表達(dá)在一個(gè)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行中,另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生了。正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作用一進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),而突然發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般時(shí)態(tài)。?
[誤]WhileIheardthebadnewsIfeltsad.?
[正]WhenIheardthebadnews,Ifeltsad.?
[析]while不能表達(dá)一點(diǎn)兒的時(shí)間,即瞬時(shí)某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)。?
[誤]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootball,orothersgotothelibrary.
[正]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootball,whileothersgotothelibrary.
[析]while在此處意為"而,然而"。?
[誤]Shesangwhenshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.?
[正]Shesangasshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.?
[析]as用于句中時(shí),其要點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的同時(shí)進(jìn)行。這里用when雖然不能講是語(yǔ)法上的錯(cuò)誤,但則看不出來(lái)小女孩因獨(dú)自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。?
[誤]Ifinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?
[正]Ididntfinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?
[正]Ididmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?
[析]until用在句中時(shí)其含義是某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某時(shí)結(jié)束,那么句中的動(dòng)詞則一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如果要用瞬間,或截止性動(dòng)詞時(shí)一定要用否定句式。因截止性動(dòng)作的否定式應(yīng)看作是持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作。如離開(kāi)leave是瞬間動(dòng)作,因一出門即為離開(kāi)了,而不離開(kāi)則是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的。?
[誤]IhavestudiedEnglishwhenIwastwelve.?
[正]IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwastwelve.?
[析]since引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句是表達(dá)了一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),而這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)是主句動(dòng)作的啟始點(diǎn),所以主句一般要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。?
[誤]Becausehedidntstudyhard,sohedidntpasstheexam.?
[正]Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhard.?
[析]because與so在英文中兩者不能并用的,只能在句中用其一。?
[誤]Hewassuchexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.?
[正]Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.?
[析]so與such的用法可以分為四種情況,①用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,其格式是such+不定冠詞+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如:Itissuchabeautifulbookthateverychildlikesit.也可以用so,其格式是so+形容詞+不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如:Itwassobeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.②在不可數(shù)名詞前或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前這時(shí)只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherthatwewanttoswim.又如:Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheycanpasstheexameasily.③在few,little,much,many這4個(gè)字前只能用so而不能用such,如:IhavesomuchmoneythatIcanbuyeverythingIwant.④當(dāng)that前只有形容詞或副詞時(shí),這時(shí)只能用so,如:Sheissobeautifulthateveryonelikesher.HeransofastthatIcouldntkeepupwithhim.?
[誤]Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.
[正]Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastocatchthefirstbus.?
[正]Hegotupsoearlierthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.?
[析]so…that與sothat的用法有相同之處,那就是其后接從句,而soasto其后要接不定式,即動(dòng)詞原形。這樣的詞組還有:inorderto。?
[誤]Iwanttobuysamestampthatyouhave.?
[正]Iwanttobuythesamestampasyouhave.?
[析]thesame…as(that)這是個(gè)固定用法,在same前的定冠詞是不能少的。而thesame…that意為"我要的就是那一個(gè)"。而thesame…as為"要的是和……一樣的東西"。
[誤]BeforeIdonotgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.?
[正]BeforeIgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.?
[析]這種錯(cuò)誤是由于受中文的影響。在中文中可以講"我沒(méi)給你答案前"。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。?
(三)例題解析?
1?WeboughtGrannyapresent,___shedidntlikeit.?
A.butB.and
C.orD.so?
[答案]A.?
[析]由于句意的原因,應(yīng)選擇轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。?
2?Runquickly,___wellmisstheearlytrain.?
A.andB.but
C.soD.or?
[答案]D.?
[析]or這里應(yīng)譯為:否則。?
3?Illgivethebooktohim___h(yuǎn)ecomesback.?
A.sinceB.assoonas
C.beforeD.until?
[答案]B.?
[析]assoonas引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。?
4?Dontcrosstheroad___thelightturnsgreen.?
A.whenB.while
C.untilD.as?
[答案]C.?
[析]until應(yīng)譯為"直到……才",因?yàn)榍懊娴钠硎咕錇榉穸ň?。又如:Shedidnotgotobeduntilhermothercameback.應(yīng)譯為"直到她媽媽回來(lái)她才睡覺(jué)"。?
5?MissGaohasbeenateacher___1990.?
A.beforeB.after
C.sinceD.in?
[答案]C.?
[析]因?yàn)橹骶錇橥瓿蓵r(shí),所以應(yīng)用since表示該動(dòng)作的啟始點(diǎn)。?
6?-Whichwouldyoulikebetter,tea___milk??
-Tea,please.?
A.butB.and
C.orD.with?
[答案]C.?
[析]在疑問(wèn)句與否定句中應(yīng)用or來(lái)表示一種選擇。?
7?Welovespring___theresbeautifulflowerseverywhere.?
A.thoughB.but
C.orD.because?
[答案]D.?
[析]因?yàn)檫@里表示的是因果關(guān)系。?
8?Pleaseleave___7∶00,thenyoullbeabletoget___thereearlier.?
A.till,inB.from,/
C.before,/D.behind,to?
[答案]C.?
[析]before為在7∶00之前離開(kāi)。?
9?Theteacherdidntbeginthelesson___allthestudentsstoppedtalking.?
A.untilB.after
C.ifD.because?
[答案]A.?
[析]這句應(yīng)譯為"直到所有的學(xué)生都停止講話老師才開(kāi)始上課"。因begin為瞬間動(dòng)詞,所以應(yīng)用否定句。?
10?Bettydidntgotoseethefilmyesterday___shewasill.?
A.butB.until
C.ifD.because?
[答案]D.?
[析]這里是表示因果關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)用because。因?yàn)樗×怂晕慈タ措娪啊?
11?Youmuststartrightnow,___youllmissthetrain.?
A.forB.and
C.soD.or?
[答案]D.?
[析]or譯為"否則"。本句句意為:你必須馬上走了,否則要趕不上火車了。?
12?___h(yuǎn)eisachildofsix,hecanreadandwrite.?
A.WhoseB.If
C.ThoughD.Because?
[答案]C.?
[析]這種狀語(yǔ)從句在英語(yǔ)中稱為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)譯為:雖然他才是個(gè)6歲的孩子,他卻可以讀書和寫字。?
13?Ilikefish,___chicken,___eggs.?
A.and,andB.and,with
C./,andD.and,/?
[答案]C.?
[析]在有若干個(gè)名詞或動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí),每一個(gè)詞之間只用逗號(hào)連接,只在最后兩個(gè)詞之間加and。如:Theoldmanpassedthestreet,wentintoashopandboughtsomefood。
14?Takethisdictionarywithyou___youmayuseitinclass.?
A.whenB.inorderto
C.butD.sothat?
[答案]D.?
[析]sothat應(yīng)譯為"為的是"。本句句義為:帶上字典,為的是在上課時(shí)可能有用。而inorderto其后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式,如:Takethisdictionarywithyouinordertouseitinclass。?
15?Ihope___willbefinetomorrow.?
A.itB.what
C.whetherD.when?
[答案]A.?
[析]hope后接的是賓語(yǔ)從句,而且賓語(yǔ)從句中少主語(yǔ),應(yīng)用it來(lái)代替天氣。?
16?___shewasnotwell,Idecidedtogowithouther.?
A.ThoughB.As
C.WhenD.Becauseof?
[答案]B.?
[析]as這里應(yīng)譯為"由于"。全句意為:由于她不舒服,我決定不帶她去了。而becauseof其后不能接從句只能接賓語(yǔ)。如:Becauseoftheheavyrain,wedecidednottogo。
17?Myauntboughtme___manystorybooksthatIspentalotoftimethem.?
A.such…onB.such…in
C.too…inD?so…on?
[答案]D.?
[析]因many前只能用so來(lái)修飾,所以只能選擇D選項(xiàng)。而spend…onsomething為在某事上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢。如:Shespentalotofmoneyonherclothes。?
18?Motherwascooking___she___aknockatthedoor.?
A.when,listentoB.while,listenedto?
C.while,heardD.when,heard?
[答案]D.?
[析]when在這里應(yīng)譯為:就在那時(shí),那一刻,那一瞬間。?
19?Speakslowly,___wecanunderstandyou.?
A.andB.or
C.ifD.because?
[答案]A.?
[析]and這里是并列連詞,應(yīng)譯為:請(qǐng)講慢些這樣我們就會(huì)明白你的意思。?
20?YoulllearnEnglishwell___youputyourheartintoit.?
A.ifB.so
C.untilD.or?
[答案]A.?
[析]本句譯為:如果你將心放在學(xué)習(xí)上,你就會(huì)將英語(yǔ)學(xué)好。這里的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象是從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。?
21?Iwontletyouin___youshowmeyourpass.?
A.untilB.for
C.sinceD.because?
[答案]A.?
22?Shedidntgotoschool___shewasill.?
A.whyB.because
C.whereD.but?
[答案]B.?
2010屆中考英語(yǔ)介詞總復(fù)習(xí)?
2010屆中考英語(yǔ)介詞總復(fù)習(xí)?
(一)知識(shí)概要?
介詞在英語(yǔ)中用法很活,也無(wú)一定規(guī)律可循。在初中范圍內(nèi)還應(yīng)學(xué)一個(gè)記住一個(gè),特別是那些和動(dòng)詞的特殊搭配。這樣長(zhǎng)期下去不斷學(xué)習(xí)自然會(huì)總結(jié)出一套自己的規(guī)律來(lái)。下面是一般的規(guī)律,可幫助學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)參考,千萬(wàn)不要作為定律去背誦,照搬。?
介詞表示時(shí)間表示地點(diǎn)方位表示原因方式其他
about大約在……時(shí)間?aboutfiveoclock在周圍,大約多遠(yuǎn)?aboutfivekilometres關(guān)于、涉及?
talkaboutyou
above高出某一平面?
abovesealevel
across橫過(guò)walkacrossthestreet對(duì)面acrossthestreet
after在……之后?
aftersupper
跟……后面?
oneafteranother
追趕
runafteryou
against背靠逆風(fēng)?
againstthewall,againstthewind
反對(duì)?
beagainstyou
among三者以上的中間?
amongthetrees
at在某時(shí)刻?
atten
在小地點(diǎn)?
attheschoolgate
表示速度?
athighspeed
向著,對(duì)著?
atme
before在……之前?
beforelunch
位于……之前?
sitbeforeme
behind位于……之后?
behindthetree
below低于……水平?
belowzero
不合格?
belowthestandard
by到……時(shí)刻,在……時(shí)刻之前
?byfiveoclock
緊挨著?
sitebysite
乘坐交通工具?byair,bybick被由?
wasmadebyus
during在……期間duringtheholidays
for延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?
forfiveyears
向……去?
leaveforShanghai為了,對(duì)于
begoodforyou
from從某時(shí)到……某時(shí)?frommorningtillnight來(lái)自何方?
fromNewYork
由某原料制成bemadefrom
來(lái)自何處?
whereareyoufrom
in在年、月、周較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)?inaweek在里面?
intheroom
用某種語(yǔ)言?inEnglish穿著
inred
into進(jìn)入……里面?
walkinto
除分?
divideinto
變動(dòng)?
turnintowater
near接近某時(shí)?nearfiveyears在……附近?nearthepark
of用某種原料制成?
bemadeof
屬于……性質(zhì)?
amapofU.S.A
on某日、某日的上下午onSundayafternoon在……上面?
onthedesk靠吃……為生liveonrice關(guān)于?abookonPhysics
over渡過(guò)一整段時(shí)間?workovernight在上方
overthedesk
超過(guò),高于?overfivepairs
past超過(guò)某一時(shí)刻?
tenpastfive
經(jīng)過(guò)某地?
walkpastthepark
since從某時(shí)以來(lái)?
since1980
原因?
Sinceyouwereill
through經(jīng)過(guò)某一時(shí)期?throughhislife通過(guò)、穿過(guò)某地?
throughtheforest
till?until直到某時(shí)為止?tillfiveoclock
to差多少時(shí)間?
fivetoten
問(wèn),到,去往?
toShanghai
面對(duì)面?
facetoface
給予giveabooktome
under在……下面?
underthedesk
少于?
underten
在……管制之下undertherule
with用某種工具?withapen帶著,具有
withme
without沒(méi)有?
withoutair
(二)正誤辨析?
[誤]Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.?
[正]Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.?
[析]at用于具體時(shí)刻之前,如:sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。
[誤]Dontsleepatdaytime??
[正]Dontsleepindaytime.?
[析]in要用于較長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間之內(nèi),如:inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。?
[誤]WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.?
[正]WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.?
[析]inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改為on,如:onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th?
[誤]Hebecameawritterathistwenties??
[正]Hebecameawritterinhistwenties??
[析]這句話應(yīng)譯為:他在20多歲時(shí)就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時(shí)間段中要用介詞in來(lái)表示,而在具體歲數(shù)時(shí)用at來(lái)表示。?
[誤]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.?
[正]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.?
[析]在具體年歲前用at,如:attheageof12,atyourage,等等。?
[誤]Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.?
[正]Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.?
[析]具體某一天要用介詞on,又如:onNewYearsDay?
[誤]ImlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.?
[正]ImlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.?
[析]在節(jié)日的當(dāng)天用on,而全部節(jié)日期間用at,Christmas是圣誕節(jié)期間,一般要有兩周或更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。?
[誤]Ihaventseeyouduringthesummerholidays.?
[正]Ihaventseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.?
[析]during表示在某一段時(shí)間之內(nèi),所以一般不與完成時(shí)搭配,如:Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段時(shí)間,可以用于完成時(shí),如:Ihaventseeyouforalongtime.而through用來(lái)表示時(shí)間時(shí)則為"整整,全部的時(shí)間"。如:Itrainedthroughthenight.?而since則是表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間,一般要與完成時(shí)連用。?
[誤]Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.?
[正]Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.?
[析]On加動(dòng)名詞表示"一……就"。本句的譯文應(yīng)是:我一進(jìn)入教室就聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這個(gè)好消息了。又如:onhearing…一聽(tīng)見(jiàn),onarrival一到達(dá)就……(on表示動(dòng)作的名詞)?
[誤]Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.?
[正]Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.?
[析]atthebegining與attheend都是指某事物的開(kāi)始與結(jié)束部分,均不指時(shí)間范圍,而inthebeginning則是指開(kāi)始一段時(shí)間。intheend=atlast是指"最終,終于"之意。?
[誤]Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.?
[正]Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.?
[析]by引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示了動(dòng)作的截止點(diǎn),其意思為"不遲于某一時(shí)刻將工作做完",所以主句一般是完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)然可以有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),如:Illbetherebyfiveoclock.而till則表達(dá)其一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻,但句中的動(dòng)詞一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,而瞬間的截止性動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用其否定句式,如:Iwontfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.?
[誤]HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.?
[正]HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.?
[正]HecametoLondontwoweeksago.?
[析]before一般要與完成時(shí)連用,而ago則與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。?
[誤]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.?
[正]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.?
[析]since用來(lái)表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始時(shí)間,所以其引出的從句中應(yīng)為過(guò)去時(shí),而不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)
[誤]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.?
[正]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.?
[析]中文經(jīng)常講兩小時(shí)之后來(lái)取,兩天內(nèi)會(huì)修好,而這個(gè)介詞在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二,①after多用于過(guò)去時(shí),如:IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加時(shí)間是表達(dá)一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間范圍,如:afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)完成某事時(shí),一定要用介詞in。?
[誤]Threedaysafterhedied.?
[正]Afterthreedayshedied.?
[正]Threedayslaterhedied.?
[析]after與later都可以用來(lái)表達(dá)一段時(shí)間之后,但它們所處的位置不同,after在時(shí)間詞前,而later在時(shí)間詞后。?
[誤]Shehidherselfafterthetree.?
[正]Shehidherselfbehindthetree.?
[析]after多用來(lái)表達(dá)某動(dòng)作之后,所以有的語(yǔ)法書中稱它為動(dòng)態(tài)介詞,如:Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind則多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。?
[誤]Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.?
[正]Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.?
[析]樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)出的果實(shí),樹(shù)葉要用on,而其他外來(lái)的人、物體均要用inthetree.?
[誤]ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.?
[正]ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.?
[析]在表達(dá)地理位置時(shí)有3個(gè)介詞:in,on,to。in表示在某范圍之內(nèi);on表示與某地區(qū)接壤;to則表示不相接。如:JapanistotheeastofChina.?
[誤]IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.?
[正]IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.?
[析]at用來(lái)表達(dá)較小的地方,而in用來(lái)表達(dá)較大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillage。?
[誤]HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.?
[正]HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.?
[析]在門牌號(hào)碼前要用at,并要注意它的慣用法:attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。?
[誤]ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.?
[正]ThereisacolourTVsetinthecornerofthehall.?
[析]在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用in,而墻的外角用at,如:Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.?
[誤]ThisweekendIllstayinUncleWangs.?
[正]ThisweekendIllstayatUncleWangs.?
[析]要注意英文的特殊表達(dá)法,如:atatailorsshop(裁縫店)=atatailors,?atthedoctors(去看病)atthebooksellers(在書店)atuncleWangs(在王叔叔家)
[誤]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontodaysnewspaper??
[正]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintodaysnewspaper??
[析]在報(bào)紙上的新聞要用in,而在具體某一版上,或某一頁(yè)上則要用on。?
[誤]TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.?
[正]SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.?
[析]這里的school應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程,即開(kāi)學(xué)之意。要注意,有些活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所當(dāng)表達(dá)正在從事該種活動(dòng)時(shí)不要加冠詞,如:attable(吃飯),WhenIcametoTomshome,theywereattable.還有:atdesk(學(xué)習(xí)),atwork(工作)atschool(上學(xué)),inhospital(住醫(yī)院)atchurch作禮拜?如加上定冠詞則另有他意,如:attheschool即在學(xué)校工作或辦事,inthehospital即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。?
[誤]Inmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.?
[正]Onmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.?
[析]譯文為:在去車站的路上我買了份報(bào)紙,為的是消磨時(shí)光?"在……的路上"應(yīng)用ononesway…。而intheway有擋道之意,如:Pleasemovethechairitisintheway。
[誤]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeinto.?
[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.?
[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.?
[析]in是表達(dá)一個(gè)靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),在與break連用時(shí)其后不加介詞賓語(yǔ),而into則是動(dòng)態(tài)介詞,與break連用時(shí)要加介詞賓語(yǔ)。?
[誤]IllleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.?
[正]IllleaveBeijingforShanghai.?
[正]IllleaveforShanghai.?
[析]leavefor是離開(kāi)某地去某處的固定搭配,不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有:startfor動(dòng)身前往某處,setoutfor,sailfor。?
[誤]Imsorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.?
[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.?
[析]getin,與getout是兩個(gè)相反的詞組。getin為上車,而getout為下車,但語(yǔ)法家認(rèn)為這里的in與out為副詞,所以其后不能接名詞,我們可以講Wedbettergetin.或Wedbettergetout.還有一組詞組有關(guān)上下車:geton/off(atrain,aship,astruck)getinto/outof(acar,taxi…)?
[誤]Becareful?Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.
[正]Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.
[析]over與above在作為比某物高的意思時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時(shí),即正上方時(shí)則要用above.而泛指上方時(shí)用over.?
[誤]Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.?
[正]Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.?
[析]over還有一意為"跨越,橫跨"。?
[誤]TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.?
[正]TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.?
[析]在垂直下方要用below.?也就是講above與below互為反意詞,over與under也是反意詞。
[誤]Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.?
[正]Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.?
[析]infrontof是在物體外部的前面,而inthefrontof是在物體內(nèi)部的前面,如:Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.?
[誤]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.?
[正]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.?
[析]across作為介詞有兩個(gè)主要意思:①橫過(guò),如:Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②對(duì)面,如:Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三維空間中的穿越。across則多用于平面上的橫過(guò)。如:Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.?
[誤]Thesunsetstowardthewest.?
[正]Thesunsetsinthewest.?
[析]towards也可用作toward,它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運(yùn)動(dòng),但不一定到達(dá),如:Herantoward(s)themountain.而在表示方位east,west,north,south時(shí),其前面要用in。要注意的是這4個(gè)詞可以用作副詞,如:Iwentsouth.也可用作名詞,如:Iwenttothesouth.也可用作形容詞,如:IwenttothesouthpartofChina.?
[誤]Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose??
[正]Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose??
[析]beside是"在……旁邊",如:Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是"除……之外,不僅……而且……,除了……以外還有……",如:IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except則是從同一類物體中去掉某一部分,如:IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同種類的事物,如:Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat則要加從句。?
[誤]CanIwritetheexampaperwithink??
[正]CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen??
[正]CanIwritetheexampaperinink??
[析]with后要加拿得起來(lái)放得下的工具,而墨水、顏料等原料則要用in。?
[誤]Imearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.?
[正]Imearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.?
[析]在交通工具前加介詞by,但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞,否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。?bytaxi=inataxi
bytrain=inatrain
bybicycle=onabicycle?
byship=onaship
byboat=inaboat
bybus=onabus?
byplane=onaplane
byair空運(yùn)
byland陸運(yùn)?
bysea海運(yùn)
onfootonhorseback?
byphonebyletterbyradio?
byairmailbyhand?
[誤]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.?
[正]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.?
[析]madeof是指由原材料到成品過(guò)程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化,而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.?
[誤]ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.?
[正]ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.?
[析]關(guān)于某方面的書籍、報(bào)告等有兩個(gè)介詞,其中on表示某專業(yè)用書,about則為某方面的普通讀物,如:Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知識(shí)。?
[誤]Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.?
[正]Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.?
[析]keytothedoor門的鑰匙。相同用法還有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth.千萬(wàn)不要用of。?
[誤]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.?
[正]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.?
[析]haveinterestin是在某方面有興趣。?
[誤]Ididntdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.?
[正]Ididntdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.?
[析]beangrywith其后接人,而beangryat其后接事。如:Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.?
[誤]Hewasgoodforskating.?
[正]Hewasgoodatskating.?
[析]begoodat為"擅長(zhǎng)某事",而begoodforsomebody為對(duì)某人很好。?
[誤]Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.?
[正]Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.?
[析]這句話應(yīng)譯為:你真太好了,幫助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是對(duì)某人態(tài)度好。如:Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.?
[誤]Myparentswereverypleasedatme.?
[正]Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.?
[正]Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.?
[析]bepleasedwith后加somebody,而bepleasedat后加something。?
[誤]Heisagreewithme.?
[正]Heagreeswithme.?
[誤]Heagainstsme.?
[正]Heisagainstme.?
[析]同意agree為動(dòng)詞,而反對(duì)against則為介詞。在使用中一定要注意。?
[誤]Ihaventheardlettersfromhim.?
[正]Ihaventheardfromhim.?
[析]hearfrom即為:從某人處得到信件。不要再加letter了。?
[誤]Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend??
[正]Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend??
[析]作為"拜訪"講callat其后接地點(diǎn),如:MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend?而callon其后接人。?
[誤]Doyouknowthegirlonwhite??
[正]Doyouknowthegirlinwhite??
[析]inwhite為穿一身白。與in有關(guān)的詞組有:inbed(睡覺(jué)),inhospital(住院),inahurry(匆匆忙忙),indanger(危險(xiǎn)中),injoy(高興),ingoodhealth(身體好),inlove(戀愛(ài)),introuble(困境),與之相反的是outof,如:outoftrouble(擺脫困境),outofdate(過(guò)時(shí)了),outoforder(出故障)?
[誤]Helookedatmeatsurprise.?
[正]Helookedatmeinsurprise.?
[析]surprise的用法一般有三種。①用于句首,Toonessurprise,如:Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat,如:Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.?
[誤]Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.?
[正]Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.?
[析]becauseof后接名詞,如:Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.?
(三)例題解析?
1?-Thankyou___thebeautifulflowers!?
-Notatall.?
A?inB?onC?atD?for?
[答案]D.?
[析]由于某事向某人道謝應(yīng)用for。?
2?Canyouanswerthisquestion___English??
A?byB?inC?withD?from
?
[答案]B.?
[析]in表示用語(yǔ)言、聲音、或材料,如:Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.
3?Look___themap___China___thewall,please.?
A?after,of,inB?at,of,in
C?after,in,onD?at,of,on?
[答案]D.?
[析]lookat為"看",而onthewall為"在墻表面掛著",而inthewall則是"在墻內(nèi)",如:Thereisholeinthewall.墻上有個(gè)洞。?
4?-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon??
-Hearrivedthere___theeveningofDecember6th.?
A?atB?inC?onD?to
[答案]C.?
[析]intheevening/afternoon這兩個(gè)詞組不論是在其前或后加上任何修飾詞都應(yīng)將介詞換為on,如:onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。?
5?Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmile___ourteachersface.?
A?offB?nearC?onD?between
[答案]C.?
6?Thetwinsgotonwell___theirclassmates.?
A?toB?inC?withD?about
?
[答案]C.?
[析]getonwellwith與人相處很好。?
7?-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.?
-Isee.Illcome___Saturdayevening.?
A?inB?atC?onD?for
?
[答案]C.?
8? Letshurry,orwellbelate___school??
A? toB? atC? withD? for
?
[答案]D.?
[析]belatefor,而comelateto,如:Dontcomelatetoschool??
9? Theywillhaveamathstest___twodays??
A? forB? atC? inD? after
?
[答案]C.?
[析]三天之內(nèi)應(yīng)用in,而不要受中文影響用after,afterthreedays是個(gè)不定的時(shí)間范圍,即沒(méi)有一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間。5天、6天、10天全是afterthreedays。?
10? Mybrotherjoinedthearmy___??
A? 1989,MarchB? inMarch,1989
C? March,1989D? 1989,inMarch?
[答案]B.?
[析]在月份、年、前用介詞in,而日子前用on。?
11? Hecouldntworkoutthemathsproblem___yourhelp??
A? withoutB? underC? forD? with
?
[答案]A.?
[析]在某人幫助下應(yīng)用with,如:WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily? 而要是沒(méi)有你的幫助則用withoutyourhelp??
12? Grannytookonelookatus___h(yuǎn)erglasses??
A? byB? throughC? onD? in
?
[答案]B.?
[析]through為穿過(guò)……。?
13? Wehadourbreakfast___aquarter___seven??
A? /,toB? in,toC? at,toD? on,to
?
[答案]C.?
[析]具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)前用at,而差幾分幾點(diǎn)用to,這里應(yīng)譯為:我在差一刻七點(diǎn)吃的早飯。
14? IlearnFrench___theradioeveryday??
A? onB? inC? fromD? at
?
[答案]A.?
[析]從收音機(jī)中聽(tīng)到某事應(yīng)用詞組ontheradio。?
15? Itsgoodmannerstowait___line??
A? inB? onC? atD? with
?
[答案]A.?
[析]inline為排隊(duì)。?
16? HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnt___lastterm??
A? bytheendofB? attheendof
C? totheendofD? tilltheendof?
[答案]A.?
[析]bytheendof為動(dòng)作的截止時(shí)間,與完成時(shí)態(tài)相配合?
17? Themanagerwasverysatisfied___h(yuǎn)iswork??
A? inB? onC? aboutD? with
?
[答案]D.?
[析]besatisfiedwith為固定搭配。?
18? JohnhitJack___face??
A? ontheB? intheC? onhisD? inhis
?
[答案]B.?
[析]英文中的某些動(dòng)詞其后要接人,然后加介詞+the+身體部位,如:Hecaughttheboybythearm。?
19? Iwasborn___thenight___September15,1978?
?A? in,onB? at,onC? at,inD? on,of?
[答案]D.?
[析]在時(shí)間前加介詞時(shí)應(yīng)以最小的時(shí)間單位為準(zhǔn)。?
20? Itsabadmannertolaugh___peoplewhentheyare___trouble??
A? over,inB? at,inC? in,atD? at,for
?
[答案]B.?
[析]laughat嘲笑某人,laughover笑著談?wù)撃橙嘶蚰呈?,introuble陷入困境。
21? Icantdothisworkwell___Tomshelp??
A? underB? forC? withoutD? from
?
[答案]C.?
22? Dontshout___theoldwoman。? Youshouldbemorepolite___h(yuǎn)er?
A? to,atB? at,toC? in,forD? from,for
?
[答案]B.?
[析]shoutat為"沖某人喊叫",而bepolitetosomebody為"對(duì)某人和氣。"?
23? Wemustbestrict___ourselves___everything?
A? with,inB? in,withC? with,toD? to,of
?
[答案]A.?
[析]bestrictwith對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求。?
24? Hewenttothefootballmatch___lunchlastSunday??
A? toB? withoutC? behindD? between
?
[答案]B.?
[析]withoutlunch未吃午飯。?
25? ThepeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded___1949??
A? withB? onC? sinceD? in
?
[答案]D.?
[析]在年代前用in。因句子是過(guò)去時(shí)而不是完成時(shí),所以不能用since。?
26? MrBlackgottoHangzhou___afewdays??
A? inB? afterC? onD? at
?
[答案]B.?
[析]這句話應(yīng)譯為:幾天之后Mr? Black到達(dá)了杭州。而不是在幾天之內(nèi)一定要做完某事,所以選B。?
27? -Hastheteachergivenyouanyadvice___yourEnglishstudy??
-Yes,hehas??
A? fromB? withC? onD? in
?
[答案]C.?
[析]給予某一方面問(wèn)題的忠告其介詞用on。?
28? Youmaydepend___h(yuǎn)im? Heis___h(yuǎn)onestman??
A? on,aB? in,anC? on,anD? at,the
?
[答案]C.?
[析]dependon為"依靠某人或某事",而honest的首字母h不發(fā)音。?
29??。撸撸適yjoy,Icananswerthisquestion??
A? WithB? ToC? ByD? For
?
[答案]B.?
[析]Toonesjoy意為"使我高興的是。"?
30? Theteacheraskedthestudentstolook___thewordinthedictionary?
A? forB? atC? upD? after
?
[答案]C.?
[析]lookfor尋找,lookat看,lookafter照顧,lookup查字典。?
31? Alittlemonkeyisplaying___atreeandtherearealotofbananas___it
A? on,onB? in,onC? on,inD? in,in
?
[答案]B.?
[析]樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)出的果實(shí)為onthetree? 而其他外來(lái)之物要用inthetree,表達(dá)在樹(shù)上。?
32?Igotoschool___buseverymorning.
?A.inB.byC.onD.at
?[答案]B.
?[析]by后直接加交通工具,表示乘某種交通工具去某地。
?33?Noonelikesaperson___badmanners.
?A.withoutB.onC.outofD.with
?[答案]D.
?[析]withbadmanners有不良習(xí)慣的人。
?34?Thepolicemanwassurprised___thenews.
?A.intoB.forC.atD.outof
?[答案]C.
?[析]besurprisedat對(duì)某事吃驚。
?35?Hehadtosellnewspapers___seven.
?A.atanageofB.attheagesofC.attheageofD.atageof
?[答案]C.
?[析]attheageof在幾歲時(shí)。
?36?Thelittlegirlcouldnthelp___whenshesawalargedog.
?A.criedB.tocryC.cryingD.cries
?[答案]C.
?[析]couldnthelp+動(dòng)名詞表示情不自禁地去做某事,或禁不住做某事。
?37?Jackwasborn___M(jìn)arch1st,1978.
?A.onB.inC.atD.of
?[答案]A.
?[析]日期,時(shí)間前的介詞按其表達(dá)語(yǔ)中的最小單位計(jì)算。
?38?Edisonwasveryinterested___sciencewhenhewasaboy.
?A.toB.onC.inD.about
?[答案]C.
?[析]beinterestedinsomething對(duì)某事感興趣。
?39?Theteacherwasverysatisfied___h(yuǎn)eranswer.?
A.inB.onC.forD.with
?[答案]D.
?40?Thestoryhappened___Beijing.
?A.inB.withC.forD.on
?[答案]A.