高中英語定語從句教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2021-01-11高考英語定語從句用法歸納。
定語從句用法歸結(jié)
一、何謂定語?
所謂定語,就是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、說明、限制作用的成分。英語中主要有單詞、短語、句子作定語。
eg:1、Sheisabeautifulgirl.(單詞)
2、Thereareonly200computersconnectedtotheInternet.(短語)
3、Thereisamanlyingoutsidethedoor.(短語)
4、SheisagirlwhomIlove.(句子)
注意:單個(gè)詞作定語放在所修飾詞的前面,短語或者句子作定語放在所修飾詞的后面。
二、何謂定語從句?
像4中用一個(gè)句子作主句某一名詞或代詞的定語時(shí),我們稱該句子為定語從句。即定語從句在主句中作定語,該從句修飾主句中的一個(gè)名詞或代詞。
其中被修飾的詞(名詞、詞組、代詞)稱作先行詞,定語從句一般出現(xiàn)在主句中先行詞的后面。定語從句通常由一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo),引導(dǎo)詞常放在先行詞和定語從句之間。
eg:Heisthemanwhowantstoseeyou.
該句中Heistheman是主句,whowantstoseeyou為定語從句,theman為先行詞。who為引導(dǎo)詞,定語從句修飾主句中的先行詞theman。
三、引導(dǎo)詞的分類
引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,主要分為:關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,that,which等和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why.等。
四、定語從句的分類
定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。
限制性定語從句所修飾的詞代表一個(gè)或一類特定的人或事物,該種從句是不能去掉的,否則剩下的部分就沒有了意義,不能說清楚問題。
eg:Heisthemanwhowantstoseeyou.
該從句為限制性定語從句,把定語從句去掉只剩下Heistheman,沒有任何意義。后面的定語從句是修飾限制前面的先行詞的,使其具有一定的意義,故不能去掉。
非限制性定語從句則不然,它只對(duì)所修飾的詞做進(jìn)一步說明、解釋,使意思更加清晰明白,去掉之后其它部分(主句)仍然成立,仍然有意義。而且非限制性定語從句與主句之間有個(gè)明顯標(biāo)志:即用逗號(hào)將其隔開。
eg:MrSmith,whowasmyfirstEnglishteacher,retiredlastweek.
該句中的非限制性定語從句,去掉之后不影響主句的意義成立,但有了它,可使主句的意義更加清晰明白。
五、定語從句中關(guān)系代詞用法歸結(jié):
在限制性定語從句,
(1)、指人且作主語時(shí)用who/that
eg:Heisthemanwhowantstoseeyou.
(2)、指人且作賓語時(shí)用whom/that/省略
eg:Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.
(3)、指人且位于介詞后用whom,
eg:ThisisthamantowhomIreferredjustnow.
(4)、指物用that/which.
eg:Thisisthequestionwhich/thatwehavehadsomuchdiscussion.about.
(5)、指物且位于介詞后用which.
eg:Thisisthequestionaboutwhich/wehavehadsomuchdiscussion.
(6)、指人或物且作定語時(shí)用whose
eg:HeisaboywhosenameisTom.
在非限制性定語從句,
(1)、指人且作主語時(shí)用who
eg:MrSmith,whowasmyfirstEnglishteacher,retiredlastweek
(2)、指人且作賓語時(shí)用whom
Mary,whomIlove,promotedlastweek.
(3)、指物用which
eg:Thehouse,whichweboughtlastyear,isverybeautiful.
(4)that永遠(yuǎn)不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句
eg:Thehouse,thatweboughtlastyear,isverybeautiful.(X)
六、定語從句中引導(dǎo)詞如何使用?
使用原則:判斷定語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞使用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞,主要看定語從句中缺少什么成分,如果定語從句中缺少主語或賓語,則使用關(guān)系代詞,如果定語從句中缺少狀語(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因),則使用關(guān)系副詞。
eg:1、Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwestayedtogether.
2、Iwillneverforgetthedaysthatwhichwespenttogether.
分析:在1中,定語從句中不缺少主語或賓語,明顯缺少時(shí)間狀語,故使用了引導(dǎo)詞為關(guān)系副詞when.,在2中,定語從句中缺少spent的賓語thedays,而且同時(shí)又指物,故使用引導(dǎo)詞為關(guān)系代詞that/which.。
eg:3、Canyouthinkofasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?
4、Canyouthinkofasituationwhichissimilartothisone?
分析:在3中,定語從句中不缺少主語或賓語,明顯缺少地點(diǎn)狀語,故使用了引導(dǎo)詞為關(guān)系副詞where,在4中,定語從句中缺少主語,而且同時(shí)又指物,故使用引導(dǎo)詞為關(guān)系代詞that/which.。
七、在定語從句中只使用which的情況歸結(jié):
1、在非限制性定語從句中且指物時(shí),
eg:Thehouse,whichweboughtlastyear,isverybeautiful
2、在介詞后且指物時(shí)。
egThisisthevillageinwhichIwasborn.
3、先行詞本身為that時(shí),
eg:Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.
八、在定語從句中只使用that的情況歸結(jié):
1、先行詞為序數(shù)詞(含last)或數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)時(shí)或者被這些詞修飾時(shí)。
eg:Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistoworkoutaplan,
Lookattheseflowers,youcanseethetwothatyougaveme.
2、先行詞為all、everything、nothing、much、little、anything、none、few、theone、only、any、no、oneof等或者被這些詞修飾時(shí),
eg:Thegoodmanwastryingtoteachusallthathehnewinthislesson.
3、先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),
eg;Theytalkedforabouthalfanhourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedinschool.
4、先行詞分別被thevery,theonly等修飾時(shí),
eg:HewastheverypersonthatIwaslookingforallthesedays.
5、在含有疑問代詞which或who的疑問句中,
eg:Whoisthamanthatyouaretalkingabout?
九、as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別歸納總結(jié):
主要遵循以下原則;
1、as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可放在句首、句中、句尾,而which只能放在句中、句尾。即which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)不能放在句首。
2、as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句時(shí)常用來指代主句的全部內(nèi)容,而which指代主句的全部內(nèi)容或部分內(nèi)容。
3、as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句時(shí)常譯為”正如”“正像,而which則常譯為“這”。
4、若主句、從句的句意不一致或者從句對(duì)主句內(nèi)容起反對(duì)、排斥、否定等作用時(shí),常用which,而句意一致時(shí),則用as.
egAsisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
Tomwasadmittedintothecollege,aswehadexpected.
Theearth,asisknowntoall,isround.
IgavehimaNewYearCard,whichheenjoyedverymuch.
Shewasmarriedagain,whichwasnotexpected.
Shewaslateagain,aswasexpected..
Themeetingwasasuccess,asweexpected
Asisoftenthecase,hewaslateforschool.
延伸閱讀
高考英語定語從句
語法復(fù)習(xí)四:定語從句
(一)定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)
1、關(guān)系代詞:who,whom,whose,which,that,as
2、關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首,主句先行詞之后,起著連接先行詞和從句的作用,同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。
e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語)
ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.(whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語)
3、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法:1)當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)用who作主語,whom作賓語;2)當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)用which,可作主語或賓語;3)先行詞為人、物時(shí)用that,可作主語或賓語;4)whose用作定語,可指人或物;5)關(guān)系副詞when(指時(shí)間,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語,where(指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語),why(指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語)。
(二)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句
1、限制性定語從句:從句與主句關(guān)系密切,去掉從句,主句意義不完整,甚至不合邏輯。
e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.(去掉定語從句,意思就不完整)
2、非限制性定語從句:從句對(duì)先行詞關(guān)系不密切,去掉定從句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號(hào)隔開,不能that用引導(dǎo)。
e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.(who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來翻譯)
(三)使用定語從句時(shí)特別注意的幾個(gè)問題
1、that與which的區(qū)別。
1)用that而不用which的情況:①先行詞為不定代詞all,anything,nothing,…;②先行詞有最高級(jí)修飾,有序數(shù)詞修飾;③先行詞有only,very,any等詞修飾;④先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。
e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他們所參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。
MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識(shí)的唯一的外國人。
2)用which而不用that的情況:①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;②代表整個(gè)主句的意思;③介詞+關(guān)系代詞。
e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格,這使他的父親很生氣。
Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.這是父親去年居住過的房子。
3)as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)的用法
①as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句通常用于thesame…as,such…as結(jié)構(gòu)中。
e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriend’s.我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。
SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我們車間使用的這種機(jī)器是中國制造的。
②as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用來修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型:asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。
e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.正如我所預(yù)料的那樣,他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。
3)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)與which的區(qū)別
①當(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時(shí),用as;反之,用which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
e.g.Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.
Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.
②當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時(shí),常用which引導(dǎo)。
e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.
2.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。
e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語說得很流利。
ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.
3.定語從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠先行詞,中間由一個(gè)定語、狀語或謂語隔開。
e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.
4.引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可以用“介詞+which”來代替。
e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
5.當(dāng)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動(dòng)詞時(shí),短語動(dòng)詞的各個(gè)固定部分不要拆開。
e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.
6.介詞在關(guān)系代詞前,只能用which和whom,且不能省略;介詞在句尾,關(guān)系代詞可有which,that,whom,口語中也可用who,且可省略。
e.g.Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.
練習(xí)、定語從句
一、把下列每對(duì)句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句:
1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.
2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.
3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.
4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.
5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.
6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.
7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.
8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.
9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.
10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.
11.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.
12.That’sthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.
13.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.
14.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaven’tbeenhandedin.
15.Isthatthewoman?Herdaughterisinmyclass.
16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.
17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.
18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.
19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.
20.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.
二、根據(jù)句子意思,在第一個(gè)空白處填入介詞,在第二個(gè)填入關(guān)系代詞whom或which:
1.Theperson________________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.
2.Thepencil________________hewaswritingbroke.
3.WuDong,________________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.
4.Thetwothings________________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.
5.Herbag,________________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.
6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,________________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.
三、選擇填空:
1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.
A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when
2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
3.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as
4.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who
5.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as
6.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when
7.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who
8.Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere?
A.whoB./C.thatD.when
9.Theman____youtalkedjustnowisaworker.
A.whoB.whomC.towhomD.towho
10.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather’sneighbour.
A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.which
11.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.
A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalking
C.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking
12.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.
A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhimC.youshowedD.whereyoushowed
13.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.
A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who
14.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.
A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which
15.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?
A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose
16.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.
A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all
17.Theforeignguests,____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.
A.mostofthemB.mostofthatC.mostofwhomD.mostofthose
18.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as
19.Iknowonlyalittleaboutthismatter;youmayask____knowsbetterthanI.
A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.theone
20.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.
A.whereB./C.whenD.what
21.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.onwhich
22.Nearbyweretwocanoes____theyhadcometotheisland.
A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD./
23.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim.
A.that,whatB.what,thatC.which,whatD.that,which
24.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?
A.thatB.whichC.itsD.whose
25.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.
A.whomB.whoC.towhomD.formwhom
26.Isthisschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?
A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where
27.Isthistheschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?
A.theoneB.whereC.inwhichD./
28,Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass____homesareinthecountry?
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
29.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.
A.itB.whichC.thatD.he
30.ThetrainwascrowdedandIhadtogetintoacarriage____alreadysevenotherpeople.
A.whentherewereB.whichtherewereC.thattherewereD.wheretherewere
31.Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.
A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.inthat
32.----Whatgameispopularwiththem?----The____mostistennis.
A.gametheylikeitB.gametheylikeC.bestgametheylikeD.bestgametheylikeit
33.Theystayedwithmethreeweeks,____theydrankallthewineIhad.
A.whichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichtimeD.duringwhich
34.Theroom____MrWhitelivesisnotverylarge.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
35.Don’tforgettheday____youwerereceivedintotheYouthLeague.
A.whenB.thatC.atwhichD.where
36.I’vefinishedwritingthenovel,____istobepublishednextmonth.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when
37.Hereturnedhomesafeandsoundafterafiercebattle,____wasunexpected.
A.whichB.asC.thatD.it
38.____weisknowntoall,Englishisnotverydifficulttolearn.
A.WhatB.AsC.ThatD.Which
39.Theoldmanhadthreesons,allof____diedduringWorldWarⅡ.
A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.who
40.Ihaveboughttwopens,____writewell.
A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.bothofwhichD.allofwhich
41.Doyouknowthereason____shehaschangedhermind?
A.whyB.whichC.forthatD.ofwhich
42.Hefailedintheexam,____provesthathewasn’tworkinghardenough.
A.whichB.whatC.itD.that
43.Duringtheweek____hetriedtocollectmaterialsforhisarticle.
A.followingB.followedC.tofollowD.thatfollowed
44.____wasexpected,hesucceededintheexam.
A.ItB.WhichC.AsD.That
45.Hestudiedhardandlaterbecameawell-knownwriter,____hisfatherexpected.
A.thatwaswhatB.whatwasthatC.andwhichwasD.whichwaswhat
46.Weshouldreadsuchbooks____willmakeusbetterandwiser.
A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what
47.Youmustshowmywifethesamerespect____youshowme.
A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what
48.Heisabsent____isoftenthecase.
A.whatB.whichC.whoD.as
49.Itisthefirsttime____Ihavecometoyourcity.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when
50.Who____hasthesameideaasitwilldoitinthisway.
A.whoB.thatC.whomD.which
51.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears____Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,____hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who
52.Thisistheonlybook____Icanfind.
A.thatB.whichC.itD.withwhich
53.Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.
A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich
54.Thatisoneofthosebooksthat____worthreading.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
55.Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentswhosehandwriting____thebest.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
56.Therewas____topreventtheaccident.
A.somethingcoulddoB.anythingwecoulddo
C.nothingwecouldn’tdoD.nothingwecoulddo
參考答案
語法復(fù)習(xí)四:定語從句
一、1.Thefanthatyouwantisonthedesk.2.Themanwhobroughtourtextbookshereyesterdayisinnextroom.3.Themagazinewhichhehastakenawayismine.4.Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.5.Thewomanyousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.6.TheletterIreceivedyesterdayisfrommysister.7.Theplaythatwesawlastnightwaswonderful.8.ThetrainwhichwasgoingtoNanningwaslate.9.Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismybrother.10.Thetreeheisclimbingisquitetall.11.Hereisthegirlwhosebrotherworksinthisshop.12.That’sthechildwhosedrawingwewerelookingatjustnow.13.Thisistheboywhosesisterisafavoussinger.14.Iwanttotalktotheboywhosehomeworkhasn’tbeenhandedin.15.Isthatthewomanwhosedaughterisinmyclass?16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse,infrontofwhichgrewmanybananatrees.17.Theypassedafactory,atthebackofwhichtherewerericefields.18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding,onthetopofwhichflewaflag.19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill,atthefootofwhichtherewasatemple.20.Shecameintoabigroom,inthemiddleofwhichstoodalargetable.
二、1.towhom;2.wihtwhich;3.withwhom;4.aboutwhich;5.inwhich;6.ofwhich
三、1~5ABACD6~10CDCCA11~15CCADA16~20ACCAB21~25ABBDC
26~30ADABD31~35BBDCA36~40CABCC41~45AADCD46~50BBDAB
高考英語定語從句語法專題教案
高考英語定語從句語法專題教案
高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)金子般的學(xué)案語法部分:定語從句(新人教版)
1.定語從句:修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句,一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。
2.先行詞:被定語從句修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。
3.關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞:who,whom,whose,which,that,as等;關(guān)系副詞:where,when,why等。關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用:引導(dǎo)定語從句;代替先行詞;在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。
例如:HarryPotteristhemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveread.(thatIhaveread是定語從句;novel是先行詞;that是關(guān)系代詞,代替先行詞novel,在從句中作haveread的賓語。)
關(guān)系詞指代人或物以及在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?br>
關(guān)系詞指代人或物定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?br>
關(guān)系
代詞that[]人或物[]主語、賓語、[][]
表語或狀語
which物或主句內(nèi)容主語、賓語或定語
who人主語或賓語
whom人賓語
whose人或物定語
as人或物或主句內(nèi)容主語或賓語
關(guān)系
副詞when時(shí)間狀語
where地點(diǎn)狀語
why原因狀語
4.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句形式上不用逗號(hào)和主句隔開,是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確,翻譯成先行詞的定語,“……的……”。非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開,通常翻譯成主句的并列句。關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
Hisbrotherwhoisnowalawyeralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他那個(gè)現(xiàn)在是律師的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)他上大學(xué)。(他還有其他的哥哥)
Hisbrother,whoisnowalawyer,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他的哥哥,現(xiàn)在是律師,總是鼓勵(lì)他上大學(xué)。(他只有一個(gè)哥哥)
一、關(guān)系代詞的使用
①Sheisthewoman(whom/that/who)Iwantedtoseeyesterday.
她是我昨天想看的那個(gè)女的。
②Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.
你扛著的包裹馬上要拆開。
③ObamawontheNobelPrizeforPeaceintheyear,whichwehadntexpected.
Obama在年得諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)是大家都沒想到的。
④Yourparentsaretheonestowhomyoucanturnwhenyouareintrouble.
你父母是你困難時(shí)可以求助的人。
①whom/that/who指人,在限制性定語從句中作wantedtosee的賓語,可以省略。
②which/that指物,在限制性定語從句中作arecarrying的賓語,可以省略。
③which指前面主句內(nèi)容,在非限制性定語從句中作賓語,但不能省略。
④whom前有介詞to,雖然作賓語,但不能省略。
關(guān)系代詞若在限制性定語從句中作賓語并且前面無介詞時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略,其他情況不可省。
(1)我,你的好朋友,當(dāng)你陷入困境的時(shí)候會(huì)幫你的。
I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.
(2)《哈利波特》是最受青少年歡迎的暢銷書之一。
HarryPotterisoneofthebest-sellersthatarepopularwithteenagers.
《哈利波特》是唯一一本讓作者成為億萬富翁的暢銷書。HarryPotteristheonlyoneofthebest-sellersthatmakestheauthorabillionaire.
(3)他通過了考試,這使我們很驚訝。
Hehaspassedtheexam,whichmakesussurprised.
眾所周知,中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.
(4)每家有臺(tái)電視,30年前我們認(rèn)為是不可能的,現(xiàn)在實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
ToownaTVsetineachfamily,whichwethinkwasimpossible30yearsago,nowhasbecometrue.
定語從句中的主謂一致問題
(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
(2)oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞;而theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
(3)非限制性定語從句中,由關(guān)系代詞as或which代替整個(gè)主句時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。
(4)關(guān)系代詞和謂語動(dòng)詞之間有插入語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)要看關(guān)系代詞的指代。
(5)所有能做的都做了。
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(6)這就是我想要買的電影。
ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.
(7)他們?cè)趥惗貐⒂^的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
(8)站在那兒的是誰?
Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
(9)Theyhavesetupacompany,whichdealswiththethingsthatarerelatedtoenvironmentprotection.
他們創(chuàng)立了一家環(huán)保公司。
(10)杭州不再是過去的杭州了。
Hangzhouisnomorethecitythatitusedtobe.
指物時(shí),定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用that的情況:
①當(dāng)先行詞為everything,anything,nothing,theone,none,all,much,few,any,little等不定代詞時(shí),只用that。
②當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,all,much,few,any,little,no修飾時(shí),只用that。
③當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只用that。先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),只用that。
④當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時(shí),為避免重復(fù)要用that。
⑤有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí),其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個(gè)宜用that。
⑥當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語,而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時(shí),只用that。
(11)那棵四百年的老樹很有名。
Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
(12)我們自給自足。
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
(13)這本書是關(guān)于我們要去參觀的那座有名的建筑嗎?
Isthisthebookthatreferstothefamousbuildingwhichwewillgotovisit?
只能用which的情況:
①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),只能用which。
②介詞后只用which,且不能省略。
③有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí),其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用that,另一個(gè)宜用which。
(14)有人愿意幫助受傷的人嗎?
Isthereanyonewhoisreadytohelptheinjuredperson?
(15)這就是那位幫助在事故中受傷的人的醫(yī)生嗎?
Isthisthedoctorthathelpedthepeoplewhowereinjuredintheaccident?
指人時(shí),定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用who的情況:
①當(dāng)先行詞是anyone,those時(shí),只用who。
②有兩個(gè)定語從句皆指人時(shí),其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用that,另一個(gè)宜用who。
(16)那個(gè)門破了的教室在二樓。
Theclassroomwhosedoor/thedoorofwhich/ofwhichthedoorisbrokenisonthesecondfloor.whose可以指代人或物,在定語從句中作定語,后跟名詞。指物時(shí),whose+名詞=ofwhich+名詞=名詞+ofwhich。
(17)我們都知道,吸煙有害健康。
①Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.
太陽照射地球,這對(duì)我們是很重要的。
②Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.
(18)①她和她妹妹穿一樣的衣服。
Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.
②這不是我們想到的那所房子。
ThishouseisnotsuchasIexpect.
(19)就像我們指出的那樣,這種物質(zhì)是有毒的。
Aswaspointedout,thiskindofsubstanceispoisonous.
關(guān)系代詞as和which
在非限制性定語從句中,as和which可代替整個(gè)主句,相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。二者的區(qū)別主要在于:
①as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以在主句前,也可以在主句后,有時(shí)還可以在插入句中,常帶有“正如……,正像……”的意思。而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后,翻譯成“這”。
②as常用于以下固定搭配中:thesame+名詞+as“和……同樣的”,such+名詞+as“像……一樣的,像……之類的”,…suchas…“這樣的人/物”。(such為代詞,作先行詞;as在從句中作賓語)
③在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中,一般也用as:
as(it)appears,as(it)seems,as(it)oftenhappens,as(it)waspointedout/said/reported/announced,as(it)wassaidearlier,asIremember(it),asiswell-known,asisknowntoall,asanybodycansee等。
(20)這就是我一直在找的書。
Thisisthebookwhich/that/不填I(lǐng)amlookingfor.
(21)他深愛對(duì)他慈愛的父母。
Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
=Helovedhisparentsdeeply,ofwhombothareverykindtohim.
(22)我沒有足夠的錢去買那條昂貴的裙子。
Idonthaveenoughmoneywithwhichtobuysuchanexpensivedress.
(23)從1998年到2004年Mike在這所大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí),在此期間,他學(xué)習(xí)很努力并當(dāng)選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席。
Mikestudiedattheuniversityfrom1998to2004,duringwhichtimehestudiedveryhardandwasmadechairmanoftheStudentsUnion.
“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom,指物時(shí)用which。
①某些帶有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語,介詞可以提至關(guān)系代詞之前,但是在一些固定搭配的短語動(dòng)詞中,由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不可以分割,因此不能將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前,如takecareof,lookfor,lookafter,carefor等。
②“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞,有時(shí)數(shù)詞或代詞也可以放在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”之后。
③介詞+which/whom+todo結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以改為:介詞+which/whom+定語從句。
④在非限制性定語從句中,which可作定語,指先行詞(短語或句子)所表示的信息,形成“介詞+which+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),相當(dāng)于andin/at/duringthis/that+名詞。
二、關(guān)系副詞的使用
(24)我仍然記得我們第一次上學(xué)的那天。
Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichwefirstcametotheschool.
(25)十年前我住的房子已經(jīng)被推倒了。
Thehousewhere/inwhichIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
(26)我不知道他今天看起來不高興的原因。
Idontknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhelooksunhappytoday.
關(guān)系副詞的分類和作用
①when指時(shí)間,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語;when=表示時(shí)間的介詞(in/at/on/during…)+which。
②where指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,where=表示地點(diǎn)的介詞(in/at/on/under…)+which。
③why指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語,why=表示原因的介詞(for)+which。
(27)他回答這個(gè)問題的方式是令人驚訝的。
Thewayinwhich/that/不填heansweredthequestionwassurprising.
(28)Thewaywhich/thatheexplainedtouswasquitesimple.
在以theway為先行詞的定語從句中,若theway在從句中充當(dāng)狀語,則通常由inwhich或that引導(dǎo),而且通??梢允÷?。若theway在從句中充當(dāng)賓語,則通常由which或that引導(dǎo)。
(29)中國是風(fēng)箏的起源地,并從那里傳播到日本、韓國、泰國和印度。
Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,fromwherekitesspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.
有時(shí)為了表達(dá)更清楚,可以在關(guān)系副詞where/when前加上介詞to,from等。
Thereisonepointthatwemustinsiston.
有一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)我們必須堅(jiān)持。(定語從句可還原為:wemustinsistonthepoint,所以先行詞point在定語從句中作賓語,故用that/which或省略。)
Werejusttryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.
我們正努力做到能讓雙方坐下來對(duì)話。(定語從句可還原為:atthepointbothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk,故先行詞point在定語從句中作狀語,所以關(guān)系詞用where/atwhich。)
一些特殊的先行詞如situation,point,case,activity,scene及period,festival,occasion等要注意具體情況具體分析,作主語、賓語和表語用that/which,作狀語用where/when/介詞+which。
三、關(guān)系代/副詞的選擇技巧
(30)我會(huì)記住我們一起度過的日子。
Iwillrememberthedaysthat/which/省略wespenttogether.
(根據(jù)把定語從句還原成wespentthedaystogether,判斷出thedays作spent的賓語)
(31)6月7日是我們開始高考的日子。
June7isthedaywhen/onwhichwebegintotakethecollegeentranceexamination.
(根據(jù)把定語從句還原成webegintotakethecollegeentranceexaminationontheday,判斷出ontheday作狀語。)
(32)這是他工作過10年的地方。
Thisistheplacewhere/inwhichheworkedfortenyears.
(根據(jù)把定語從句還原成heworkedintheplacefortenyears,判斷出intheplace作狀語。)
①用還原法:將先行詞放入定語從句中,找到它的原有位置,判斷它做什么成分以及判斷先行詞指人還是指物。
②一般說來,作主語、賓語或表語時(shí),用關(guān)系代詞;作狀語時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞或介詞+which;作定語時(shí),用whose。
四、定語從句和其他句型之間的關(guān)系
Heissuchagoodboythateveryonelikeshim.(不缺句子成分,that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句)
他是如此好的一位男孩以至于大家都喜歡他。
Heissuchagoodboyaseveryonelikes.(likes缺賓語,用as充當(dāng)并引導(dǎo)定語從句)
他是一個(gè)大家都喜歡的男孩。
Thegreatwhitesharkissofierceafishaseatsmostoftheothers.(as充當(dāng)eats的主語,并引導(dǎo)定語從句)
大白鯊是大多數(shù)魚都吃的一種兇狠的魚。
區(qū)別such/so…as…引導(dǎo)的定語從句和such/so…that…引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句判斷用that還是as,只要看從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整即可。如果從句缺了主語或賓語就是定語從句;如果從句的結(jié)構(gòu)完整,就是結(jié)果狀語從句。
區(qū)別非限制性定語從句與并列句
—Hewrotealotofnovels,noneof______werepopular.
—Itsthesamewithhiswife.Shewrotesomeplays,butnoneof______wasasuccess.
A.these;themB.which;which
C.those;which D.which;them
此題應(yīng)選D。很容易誤選A、B。選對(duì)該題的關(guān)鍵是:要注意前面一句的noneof…沒有并列連詞(說明它才是非限制性定語從句,所以其后填which),而后面一句的noneof…前有一并列連詞but(說明它與前面一句構(gòu)成并列句,所以其后填them)。
區(qū)別定語從句與名詞性從句
①Asisknowntoall,themoontravelsaroundtheearth.
②Itisknowntoallthatthemoontravelsaroundtheearth.
③Thatthemoontravelsaroundtheearthisknowntoall.
④Whatisknowntoallisthatthemoontravelsaroundtheearth.
①as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;
②it作形式主語,that引導(dǎo)主語從句;
③that引導(dǎo)主語從句;
④what引導(dǎo)主語從句,that引導(dǎo)表語從句。
區(qū)別定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句
①Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamarkintheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.
②Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.
③Pleaseputthebookintheplacewhereyougotit.
④Pleaseputthebookwhereyougotit.
①定語從句修飾place;②地點(diǎn)狀語從句;③定語從句修飾place;④地點(diǎn)狀語從句。
區(qū)別定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句、狀語從句
①Itwasthissmallvillage(that/which)wegottoknoweachother.
②Itwasinthissmallvillagethatwegottoknoweachother.
③Itwas1914whenthewarbrokeout.
④Itwasin1914thatthewarbrokeout.
⑤Itwas1914,whenthewarbrokeout.
①定語從句;②強(qiáng)調(diào)句;③時(shí)間狀語從句;④強(qiáng)調(diào)句;⑤非限制性定語從句。
定語從句中含有插入語
①Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,whichIthinkisofgreatimportancetoscience.
②TheChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtodevelopthewestofChina,which,Idaresay,willbenefitthepeoplethere,especiallythosewhoarestillleadingapoorlife.
①Ithink作插入語;②Idaresay作插入語。
高考語法專題:定語從句
高考語法專題:定語從句
考綱新研讀
考查的重點(diǎn)是介詞+關(guān)系代詞which,whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句;非限制性定語從句也時(shí)有考查。
1.限制性定語從句
句子作定語,由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),被修飾部
分叫先行詞。
(1)關(guān)系代詞:that,which,who,whom,whose,在句子中
作主語或賓語,作賓語時(shí)可省略。
that,指人或物:
Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
Thefinger(that)Iputintomymouthwasnottheone
(that)I
haddippedintothecup.
which,指物:
Achemical’sshopisashopwhichsellsmedicine.(作主語)
Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.(作賓語)
who,whom,whose,指人,分別做主語、賓語和定語:
Themanwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisournewheadmaster.
Who’stheman(whom)youjusttalkedto?
Thisistheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.
介詞后指人用whom,指物用which。
介詞可提前,也可在后;在后時(shí)可用who,that,也可省略:
Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.
=Thisistheroom
(which/that)welivedinlastyear.
Who’sthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?=Who’sthe
man(who/whom/that)youjustshookhandswith?
但是固定搭配,介詞不能提前:
Isthisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor?
(2)關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why,在定語從句中分別作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)
和原因狀語。
when,指時(shí)間:
Istillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)IfirstcametoBeijing.
比較:IstillrememberthedaythatIspentinBeijing.
where,指地點(diǎn):
Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)Ilivedtwoyearsago.
比較:ThisisthehousethatIboughttwoyearsago.
why,指原因:在“reason”后:
Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthatthecarbrokedownontheway.
比較:Thereasonthathegaveusisnotreasonable.
(3)thesame...as;such...as引導(dǎo)的定語從句:
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
Youshouldpaymoreattentiontosuchmistakesasyoumadelast
time.
Thisissuchaninterestingbookaseveryonelikestoread.
(4)定語從句典例:
LiHuaisoneoftheboyswhoareneverlateforschool.
(who指boys)
李華是從不遲到的男孩之一。
LiHuaistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoisneverlateforschool.
(who指one)
李華是男孩中唯一從不遲到的。
Isthisnewteachingbuildingtheoneyouvisitedlastnight?
(變?yōu)殛愂鼍浜?,is移到building之后。)
Isthisthenewteachingbuildingyouvisitedlastnight?
(變?yōu)殛愂鼍浜螅琲s移到this之后。)
Whoisthemanthatistalkingwithourteacher?
(為避免重復(fù),用that不用who)
(5)定語從句應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn):
A.that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句的區(qū)別:
Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.
(that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,that作賓語,可省略。)
ThefactthattheChineseinventedthecompassisknownto
all.
(that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句,that不作成分,不能省略,句子
介紹的是fact的具體內(nèi)容。)
B.用that不用which:兩者都可表物,大部分情況可通用,但下
列情況例外:
先行詞為all,few,much,little,nothing,everything,anything等:
Allthatmustbedonehasbeendone.
ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.
先行詞被all,few,little,any,thevery,theonly,first,second,
last或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí):
That’stheonlythingthatwecandonow.
ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.
先行詞既有人也有物時(shí):
Myfatherandhisteachertalkedofthingsandpersons(that)
theyrememberedintheschool.
C.用which不用that:指物,在介詞后或引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句:
I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.
Thatwastheway(inwhich)shelookedafterus.
Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedalloverthe
world.
2.非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語,而非限制性定語從句
只是附加說明,如果去掉,主句意思仍然清楚。非限制性定語從
句用逗號(hào)與主句隔開,由which,who,whom,whose,where,when、
等引導(dǎo):
Hisbrother,whoisaPLAman,wrotetohim.(只有一個(gè)哥哥)
HisbrotherwhoisaPLAmanwrotetohim.(不只一個(gè)哥哥)
Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedalloverthe
world.
We’llputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbeso
busy.
Hetookoutapieceofpaper,onwhichwerewrittensomewords.
Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.
比較:“他有兩個(gè)女兒,其中一個(gè)是護(hù)士。”
Hehastwodaughters,oneofwhomworksasanurse.
(非限制性定語從句)
Hehastwodaughters,andoneofthemworksasanurse.(并列句)
另外,as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,可代替整個(gè)句子,as指熟知的內(nèi)容,引導(dǎo)的句子可在句首、句中和句尾;而which指沒想到的事情或客觀事實(shí),且只能在句尾。比較:
Asisknowntoall,TaiwanbelongstoChina.
Theearth,asweknow,goesaroundthesun.
Heisagainsttheidea,ascanbeexpected.
HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoesn’tlike.
Sheremarried,aswehadexpected.
3.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
(1)介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾物時(shí)用which不用that,
修飾人時(shí)用whom不用who。例如:
Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.
Who’sthecomradewithwhomyoujustshookhands?
(2)注意:固定搭配,介詞不能提前。例如:
Isthisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor?
(3)既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
例如:
Behaviorisamirrorinwhicheveryoneshowshisimage.
Lifeisapieceofwhitepaper,onwhicheveryonecanputone
ortwooftheirownwordsdown.
Theyarrivedatanoldchurch,infrontofwhichstoodabig
crowdofpeople.
Alsopresentweretwoofhiscolleagues,oneofwhomwas
injured.
高考新剖析
1.Aperson__________e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeableto
sendorreceiveanye-mails.[年高考天津卷]
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever
2.Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,________wasverykind
ofhim.[年高考全國卷Ⅱ]
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
C
A
3.Wewentthroughaperiod_________communicationswerevery
difficultintheruralareas.[2008年高考上海卷]
A.whichB.whose
C.inwhichD.withwhich
4.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut__________he
saidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythat
C.inthewayD.thewaywhich
5.Anyway,thatevening,__________I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,
IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.
A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which
6.GeorgeOrwell,__________wasEricArthur,wrotemany
politicalnovelsandessays.
A.therealnameB.whathisrealname
C.hisrealnameD.whoserealname
C
A
D
D
7.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?
—Thereisnooneelse__________,isthere?
A.whototurntoB.shecanturnto
C.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn
8.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,__________shewenton
tohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.
A.afterthatB.fromthat
C.fromwhichD.afterwhich
9.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,__________
wasbeyondhiswildestdream.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
10.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,__________hewent
ontoBeijingUniversity.
A.afterwhichB.afterthat
C.inwhichD.inthat
B
D
A
A
精題新探究
__________isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywas
completelybetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.
A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It
2.Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames__________Ihaveeverseen.
A.whereB.thatC.whatD.which
3.Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear,__________uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.
A.inwhichB.forwhich
C.withwhichD.ofwhom
4.Children,inmyopinion,__________creativeabilityisunthinkablyrich,isseldomtakennoticeofbyus,__________shouldbetrainedinthatarea.
A.which;thatB.whose;which
C.which;whichD.whose;that
C
B
D
B
5.Atlast,thethiefhadtohandineverything__________hehad
stolentothepolice.
A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that
6.__________isknowntotheworld,China’sLiuXiangbecame
thefirstAsianinhistorytowinthemen’s110mhurdlesatthe
OlympicGames.
A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It
7.Idon’tknowthereason__________youwereabsentfromthe
meeting,butIamnotsurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason
__________youhaven’ttoldme.
A.why;thatB.that;why
C.because;whyD.ofwhich;that
8.Whenshecamebackfromabroad,Lucytoldusaboutthe
citiesandthepeople__________shehadvisited.
A.thatB.whoC.whereD.which
D
C
A
A
9.Becauseofthetrafficjam__________Iwascaught,Iwaslatefor
themeeting.
A.bywhichB.inwhich
C.thatD.where
10.Inmyhometown,thereisamysteriousdarkhole,__________
depthhasneverbeenmeasured.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose
11.Onthewhole,thetime__________thestudentsdevotetothe
gameintheInternetcafeswithoutdoubthasagreateffectonthe
studyintheschool.
A.inwhichB.onwhich
C.whenD.that
12.Canyouthinkofsomecases_________studentsobviouslyknow
theproblemsbutcan’tworkthemout?
A.asB.whereC.whyD.which
B
D
D
B
13.Alicestoodinfrontofthewindow,__________shecouldwatch
herclassmatesplayingfootball.
A.fromthereB.where
C.fromwhereD.there
14.Shekepttellingherfathertopayattentiontohisownhealth,
__________,infact,didn’thelpatall.
A.whichB.heC.itD.while
15.JackieRobinsonWilliamshopedtobecomeasfamousasthe
player__________hewasnamed.
A.afterwhomB.which
C.aswhoD.that
C
A
A
高考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)定語從句
每個(gè)老師需要在上課前弄好自己的教案課件,到寫教案課件的時(shí)候了。教案課件工作計(jì)劃寫好了之后,才能使接下來的工作更加有序!你們到底知道多少優(yōu)秀的教案課件呢?下面是小編幫大家編輯的《高考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)定語從句》,希望能對(duì)您有所幫助,請(qǐng)收藏。
Unit7TheSea
語法剖析
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句;引導(dǎo)詞前有介詞的定語從句
1.觀察下列句子:?
TheplacewhereIwentlastsummeristheMountainTai.我去去的地方是泰山。?
IrememberthedayswhenIstayedinThailand.我還記得在泰國的那些日子。?
ThereasonwhyJackissohappyisthathepassedtheexam.杰克之所以那么高興是因?yàn)樗ㄟ^了考試。?
我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了用關(guān)系代詞that,which,who/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句。回憶一下規(guī)則,我們可以判斷,以上的三個(gè)句子不可以用這幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。因?yàn)?,關(guān)系代詞要在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語,而這幾個(gè)句子中,定語從句部分均不缺這兩種成分,所以,應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系副詞where,when和why。顯然,where的先行詞應(yīng)該是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞或代詞,when的先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞或代詞;而why的先行詞應(yīng)該是表示原因的名詞reason。
2.我們對(duì)上面的三個(gè)句子作些改變:?
TheplacetowhichIwentlastsummeristheMountainTai.?
IrememberthedaysinwhichIstayedinThailand.?
ThereasonforwhichJackissohappyisthathepassedtheexam.?
可以看出,上面的三個(gè)句子都需要代詞來引導(dǎo),并作介詞的賓語。所以,我們要用關(guān)系代詞which或that。但是,that是不能跟在介詞之后引導(dǎo)定語從句的。因此,這三個(gè)句子都用which來作引導(dǎo)詞。
3.介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前的注意事項(xiàng):?
(1)有的介詞是定語從句中詞組的固定搭配拆開的結(jié)果,即用什么介詞由從句中的動(dòng)詞決定。如:?
Heistheboywho/whomIwastalkingto.他是我剛才與之交談的男孩。?
→HeistheboytowhomIwastalking.?
(2)有的介詞是根據(jù)句意添加上去的,即用什么介詞由先行詞決定。如:?
Thisisthesubjectonwhichhemadegreatprogress.這就是他取得巨大進(jìn)步的科目。?
Heemployed30men,ofwhom12werefromhishometown.他雇了30個(gè)人,其中有12個(gè)是他的老鄉(xiāng)。?
(3)定語從句中的詞組若是十分密切的固定搭配,一般不可拆開。如:?
Isthisthepenthat/whichyouarelookingfor?這是你在找的那枝筆嗎??
Thebabywho/whommysistertakescareofissolovely.我姐姐照顧的那個(gè)嬰兒是如此的可愛。(4)表時(shí)間的“介詞+which”=when;表地點(diǎn)的“介詞+which”=where;表原因的“for+which”=why。
復(fù)習(xí)英語中的比較結(jié)構(gòu)?
1.比較結(jié)構(gòu)通常有下列表現(xiàn)形式:?
(1)表述兩者或兩者以上在某方面相似:as...as...?
(2)表述兩者或兩者以上在某方面程度不同:notas...as...;more...than...?
(3)表述某人或某物在某方面的獨(dú)特或獨(dú)一無二:themost+adj.?如:?
MikeisastallasourP.E.teacher.麥克和體育老師一樣高。?
IamnotastallasMike,thatis,heistallerthanI.
?我不如麥克高,也就是說,他比我高。?
Mikeisthetallestboyinourclass,thatis,nooneistallerthanhim.
?麥克是我們班上最高的男生,就是說,沒人比他更高。
2.幾種特殊的比較結(jié)構(gòu):
(1)表述某人或某物在某方面無與倫比:?
Won’tfindamore...=bethemost... 如:?
Mickisthetallestboyinourclass,thatis,youwon?tfindatallerboyhere!
?麥克是我們班上最高的男生,就是說,在這里,你不會(huì)見到比他更高的男生了。?
(2)表述“越……就越……”:themore...,themore... 如:?
Themoreheeats,thefatterhebecomes;thefatterhebecomes,thelessconfidenthewillbe.
?吃得越多,他就越胖;變得越胖,他就越?jīng)]有自信。?
(3)表述某人或某物在某方面的程度成倍數(shù)關(guān)系:?
①倍數(shù)+as...as:是……的幾倍?
②倍數(shù)+more...than:比……程度強(qiáng)/多幾倍?
③倍數(shù)+the+抽象名詞(表示“量度、程度”等意義的詞):是……的幾倍 如:?
“長江的長度是這條河的三倍”有三種表達(dá)方式:?
TheChangjiangRiveristhreetimesaslongasthisriver.?
TheChangjiangRiveristwicelongerthanthisriver.?
TheChangjiangRiveristhreetimesthelengthofthisriver.