小學(xué)英語語法優(yōu)秀教案
發(fā)表時間:2020-12-09高考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)定語從句。
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Unit7TheSea
語法剖析
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句;引導(dǎo)詞前有介詞的定語從句
1.觀察下列句子:?
TheplacewhereIwentlastsummeristheMountainTai.我去去的地方是泰山。?
IrememberthedayswhenIstayedinThailand.我還記得在泰國的那些日子。?
ThereasonwhyJackissohappyisthathepassedtheexam.杰克之所以那么高興是因為他通過了考試。?
我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了用關(guān)系代詞that,which,who/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句?;貞浺幌乱?guī)則,我們可以判斷,以上的三個句子不可以用這幾個關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。因為,關(guān)系代詞要在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語,而這幾個句子中,定語從句部分均不缺這兩種成分,所以,應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系副詞where,when和why。顯然,where的先行詞應(yīng)該是表示地點的名詞或代詞,when的先行詞是表示時間的名詞或代詞;而why的先行詞應(yīng)該是表示原因的名詞reason。
2.我們對上面的三個句子作些改變:?
TheplacetowhichIwentlastsummeristheMountainTai.?
IrememberthedaysinwhichIstayedinThailand.?
ThereasonforwhichJackissohappyisthathepassedtheexam.?
可以看出,上面的三個句子都需要代詞來引導(dǎo),并作介詞的賓語。所以,我們要用關(guān)系代詞which或that。但是,that是不能跟在介詞之后引導(dǎo)定語從句的。因此,這三個句子都用which來作引導(dǎo)詞。
3.介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前的注意事項:?
(1)有的介詞是定語從句中詞組的固定搭配拆開的結(jié)果,即用什么介詞由從句中的動詞決定。如:?
Heistheboywho/whomIwastalkingto.他是我剛才與之交談的男孩。?
→HeistheboytowhomIwastalking.?
(2)有的介詞是根據(jù)句意添加上去的,即用什么介詞由先行詞決定。如:?
Thisisthesubjectonwhichhemadegreatprogress.這就是他取得巨大進步的科目。?
Heemployed30men,ofwhom12werefromhishometown.他雇了30個人,其中有12個是他的老鄉(xiāng)。?
(3)定語從句中的詞組若是十分密切的固定搭配,一般不可拆開。如:?
Isthisthepenthat/whichyouarelookingfor?這是你在找的那枝筆嗎??
Thebabywho/whommysistertakescareofissolovely.我姐姐照顧的那個嬰兒是如此的可愛。(4)表時間的“介詞+which”=when;表地點的“介詞+which”=where;表原因的“for+which”=why。
復(fù)習(xí)英語中的比較結(jié)構(gòu)?
1.比較結(jié)構(gòu)通常有下列表現(xiàn)形式:?
(1)表述兩者或兩者以上在某方面相似:as...as...?
(2)表述兩者或兩者以上在某方面程度不同:notas...as...;more...than...?
(3)表述某人或某物在某方面的獨特或獨一無二:themost+adj.?如:?
MikeisastallasourP.E.teacher.麥克和體育老師一樣高。?
IamnotastallasMike,thatis,heistallerthanI.
?我不如麥克高,也就是說,他比我高。?
Mikeisthetallestboyinourclass,thatis,nooneistallerthanhim.
?麥克是我們班上最高的男生,就是說,沒人比他更高。
2.幾種特殊的比較結(jié)構(gòu):
(1)表述某人或某物在某方面無與倫比:?
Won’tfindamore...=bethemost... 如:?
Mickisthetallestboyinourclass,thatis,youwon?tfindatallerboyhere!
?麥克是我們班上最高的男生,就是說,在這里,你不會見到比他更高的男生了。?
(2)表述“越……就越……”:themore...,themore... 如:?
Themoreheeats,thefatterhebecomes;thefatterhebecomes,thelessconfidenthewillbe.
?吃得越多,他就越胖;變得越胖,他就越?jīng)]有自信。?
(3)表述某人或某物在某方面的程度成倍數(shù)關(guān)系:?
①倍數(shù)+as...as:是……的幾倍?
②倍數(shù)+more...than:比……程度強/多幾倍?
③倍數(shù)+the+抽象名詞(表示“量度、程度”等意義的詞):是……的幾倍 如:?
“長江的長度是這條河的三倍”有三種表達(dá)方式:?
TheChangjiangRiveristhreetimesaslongasthisriver.?
TheChangjiangRiveristwicelongerthanthisriver.?
TheChangjiangRiveristhreetimesthelengthofthisriver.www.lvshijia.net
延伸閱讀
高考語法專題:定語從句
高考語法專題:定語從句
考綱新研讀
考查的重點是介詞+關(guān)系代詞which,whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句;非限制性定語從句也時有考查。
1.限制性定語從句
句子作定語,由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),被修飾部
分叫先行詞。
(1)關(guān)系代詞:that,which,who,whom,whose,在句子中
作主語或賓語,作賓語時可省略。
that,指人或物:
Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
Thefinger(that)Iputintomymouthwasnottheone
(that)I
haddippedintothecup.
which,指物:
Achemical’sshopisashopwhichsellsmedicine.(作主語)
Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.(作賓語)
who,whom,whose,指人,分別做主語、賓語和定語:
Themanwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisournewheadmaster.
Who’stheman(whom)youjusttalkedto?
Thisistheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.
介詞后指人用whom,指物用which。
介詞可提前,也可在后;在后時可用who,that,也可省略:
Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.
=Thisistheroom
(which/that)welivedinlastyear.
Who’sthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?=Who’sthe
man(who/whom/that)youjustshookhandswith?
但是固定搭配,介詞不能提前:
Isthisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor?
(2)關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why,在定語從句中分別作時間、地點
和原因狀語。
when,指時間:
Istillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)IfirstcametoBeijing.
比較:IstillrememberthedaythatIspentinBeijing.
where,指地點:
Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)Ilivedtwoyearsago.
比較:ThisisthehousethatIboughttwoyearsago.
why,指原因:在“reason”后:
Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthatthecarbrokedownontheway.
比較:Thereasonthathegaveusisnotreasonable.
(3)thesame...as;such...as引導(dǎo)的定語從句:
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
Youshouldpaymoreattentiontosuchmistakesasyoumadelast
time.
Thisissuchaninterestingbookaseveryonelikestoread.
(4)定語從句典例:
LiHuaisoneoftheboyswhoareneverlateforschool.
(who指boys)
李華是從不遲到的男孩之一。
LiHuaistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoisneverlateforschool.
(who指one)
李華是男孩中唯一從不遲到的。
Isthisnewteachingbuildingtheoneyouvisitedlastnight?
(變?yōu)殛愂鼍浜螅琲s移到building之后。)
Isthisthenewteachingbuildingyouvisitedlastnight?
(變?yōu)殛愂鼍浜?,is移到this之后。)
Whoisthemanthatistalkingwithourteacher?
(為避免重復(fù),用that不用who)
(5)定語從句應(yīng)注意的幾點:
A.that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句的區(qū)別:
Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.
(that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,that作賓語,可省略。)
ThefactthattheChineseinventedthecompassisknownto
all.
(that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句,that不作成分,不能省略,句子
介紹的是fact的具體內(nèi)容。)
B.用that不用which:兩者都可表物,大部分情況可通用,但下
列情況例外:
先行詞為all,few,much,little,nothing,everything,anything等:
Allthatmustbedonehasbeendone.
ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.
先行詞被all,few,little,any,thevery,theonly,first,second,
last或形容詞的最高級修飾時:
That’stheonlythingthatwecandonow.
ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.
先行詞既有人也有物時:
Myfatherandhisteachertalkedofthingsandpersons(that)
theyrememberedintheschool.
C.用which不用that:指物,在介詞后或引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句:
I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.
Thatwastheway(inwhich)shelookedafterus.
Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedalloverthe
world.
2.非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語,而非限制性定語從句
只是附加說明,如果去掉,主句意思仍然清楚。非限制性定語從
句用逗號與主句隔開,由which,who,whom,whose,where,when、
等引導(dǎo):
Hisbrother,whoisaPLAman,wrotetohim.(只有一個哥哥)
HisbrotherwhoisaPLAmanwrotetohim.(不只一個哥哥)
Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedalloverthe
world.
We’llputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbeso
busy.
Hetookoutapieceofpaper,onwhichwerewrittensomewords.
Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.
比較:“他有兩個女兒,其中一個是護士?!?br>
Hehastwodaughters,oneofwhomworksasanurse.
(非限制性定語從句)
Hehastwodaughters,andoneofthemworksasanurse.(并列句)
另外,as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,可代替整個句子,as指熟知的內(nèi)容,引導(dǎo)的句子可在句首、句中和句尾;而which指沒想到的事情或客觀事實,且只能在句尾。比較:
Asisknowntoall,TaiwanbelongstoChina.
Theearth,asweknow,goesaroundthesun.
Heisagainsttheidea,ascanbeexpected.
HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoesn’tlike.
Sheremarried,aswehadexpected.
3.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
(1)介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾物時用which不用that,
修飾人時用whom不用who。例如:
Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.
Who’sthecomradewithwhomyoujustshookhands?
(2)注意:固定搭配,介詞不能提前。例如:
Isthisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor?
(3)既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
例如:
Behaviorisamirrorinwhicheveryoneshowshisimage.
Lifeisapieceofwhitepaper,onwhicheveryonecanputone
ortwooftheirownwordsdown.
Theyarrivedatanoldchurch,infrontofwhichstoodabig
crowdofpeople.
Alsopresentweretwoofhiscolleagues,oneofwhomwas
injured.
高考新剖析
1.Aperson__________e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeableto
sendorreceiveanye-mails.[年高考天津卷]
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever
2.Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,________wasverykind
ofhim.[年高考全國卷Ⅱ]
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
C
A
3.Wewentthroughaperiod_________communicationswerevery
difficultintheruralareas.[2008年高考上海卷]
A.whichB.whose
C.inwhichD.withwhich
4.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut__________he
saidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythat
C.inthewayD.thewaywhich
5.Anyway,thatevening,__________I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,
IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.
A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which
6.GeorgeOrwell,__________wasEricArthur,wrotemany
politicalnovelsandessays.
A.therealnameB.whathisrealname
C.hisrealnameD.whoserealname
C
A
D
D
7.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?
—Thereisnooneelse__________,isthere?
A.whototurntoB.shecanturnto
C.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn
8.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,__________shewenton
tohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.
A.afterthatB.fromthat
C.fromwhichD.afterwhich
9.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,__________
wasbeyondhiswildestdream.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
10.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,__________hewent
ontoBeijingUniversity.
A.afterwhichB.afterthat
C.inwhichD.inthat
B
D
A
A
精題新探究
__________isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywas
completelybetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.
A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It
2.Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames__________Ihaveeverseen.
A.whereB.thatC.whatD.which
3.Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear,__________uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.
A.inwhichB.forwhich
C.withwhichD.ofwhom
4.Children,inmyopinion,__________creativeabilityisunthinkablyrich,isseldomtakennoticeofbyus,__________shouldbetrainedinthatarea.
A.which;thatB.whose;which
C.which;whichD.whose;that
C
B
D
B
5.Atlast,thethiefhadtohandineverything__________hehad
stolentothepolice.
A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that
6.__________isknowntotheworld,China’sLiuXiangbecame
thefirstAsianinhistorytowinthemen’s110mhurdlesatthe
OlympicGames.
A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It
7.Idon’tknowthereason__________youwereabsentfromthe
meeting,butIamnotsurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason
__________youhaven’ttoldme.
A.why;thatB.that;why
C.because;whyD.ofwhich;that
8.Whenshecamebackfromabroad,Lucytoldusaboutthe
citiesandthepeople__________shehadvisited.
A.thatB.whoC.whereD.which
D
C
A
A
9.Becauseofthetrafficjam__________Iwascaught,Iwaslatefor
themeeting.
A.bywhichB.inwhich
C.thatD.where
10.Inmyhometown,thereisamysteriousdarkhole,__________
depthhasneverbeenmeasured.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose
11.Onthewhole,thetime__________thestudentsdevotetothe
gameintheInternetcafeswithoutdoubthasagreateffectonthe
studyintheschool.
A.inwhichB.onwhich
C.whenD.that
12.Canyouthinkofsomecases_________studentsobviouslyknow
theproblemsbutcan’tworkthemout?
A.asB.whereC.whyD.which
B
D
D
B
13.Alicestoodinfrontofthewindow,__________shecouldwatch
herclassmatesplayingfootball.
A.fromthereB.where
C.fromwhereD.there
14.Shekepttellingherfathertopayattentiontohisownhealth,
__________,infact,didn’thelpatall.
A.whichB.heC.itD.while
15.JackieRobinsonWilliamshopedtobecomeasfamousasthe
player__________hewasnamed.
A.afterwhomB.which
C.aswhoD.that
C
A
A
高考英語定語從句語法專題教案
高考英語定語從句語法專題教案
高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)金子般的學(xué)案語法部分:定語從句(新人教版)
1.定語從句:修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句,一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。
2.先行詞:被定語從句修飾的那個名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。
3.關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞:who,whom,whose,which,that,as等;關(guān)系副詞:where,when,why等。關(guān)系詞常有三個作用:引導(dǎo)定語從句;代替先行詞;在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分。
例如:HarryPotteristhemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveread.(thatIhaveread是定語從句;novel是先行詞;that是關(guān)系代詞,代替先行詞novel,在從句中作haveread的賓語。)
關(guān)系詞指代人或物以及在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?br>
關(guān)系詞指代人或物定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?br>
關(guān)系
代詞that[]人或物[]主語、賓語、[][]
表語或狀語
which物或主句內(nèi)容主語、賓語或定語
who人主語或賓語
whom人賓語
whose人或物定語
as人或物或主句內(nèi)容主語或賓語
關(guān)系
副詞when時間狀語
where地點狀語
why原因狀語
4.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句形式上不用逗號和主句隔開,是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確,翻譯成先行詞的定語,“……的……”。非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號分開,通常翻譯成主句的并列句。關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
Hisbrotherwhoisnowalawyeralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他那個現(xiàn)在是律師的哥哥總是鼓勵他上大學(xué)。(他還有其他的哥哥)
Hisbrother,whoisnowalawyer,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他的哥哥,現(xiàn)在是律師,總是鼓勵他上大學(xué)。(他只有一個哥哥)
一、關(guān)系代詞的使用
①Sheisthewoman(whom/that/who)Iwantedtoseeyesterday.
她是我昨天想看的那個女的。
②Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.
你扛著的包裹馬上要拆開。
③ObamawontheNobelPrizeforPeaceintheyear,whichwehadntexpected.
Obama在年得諾貝爾和平獎是大家都沒想到的。
④Yourparentsaretheonestowhomyoucanturnwhenyouareintrouble.
你父母是你困難時可以求助的人。
①whom/that/who指人,在限制性定語從句中作wantedtosee的賓語,可以省略。
②which/that指物,在限制性定語從句中作arecarrying的賓語,可以省略。
③which指前面主句內(nèi)容,在非限制性定語從句中作賓語,但不能省略。
④whom前有介詞to,雖然作賓語,但不能省略。
關(guān)系代詞若在限制性定語從句中作賓語并且前面無介詞時,關(guān)系代詞可省略,其他情況不可省。
(1)我,你的好朋友,當(dāng)你陷入困境的時候會幫你的。
I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.
(2)《哈利波特》是最受青少年歡迎的暢銷書之一。
HarryPotterisoneofthebest-sellersthatarepopularwithteenagers.
《哈利波特》是唯一一本讓作者成為億萬富翁的暢銷書。HarryPotteristheonlyoneofthebest-sellersthatmakestheauthorabillionaire.
(3)他通過了考試,這使我們很驚訝。
Hehaspassedtheexam,whichmakesussurprised.
眾所周知,中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.
(4)每家有臺電視,30年前我們認(rèn)為是不可能的,現(xiàn)在實現(xiàn)了。
ToownaTVsetineachfamily,whichwethinkwasimpossible30yearsago,nowhasbecometrue.
定語從句中的主謂一致問題
(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
(2)oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞;而theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)動詞。
(3)非限制性定語從句中,由關(guān)系代詞as或which代替整個主句時,從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。
(4)關(guān)系代詞和謂語動詞之間有插入語時,謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)要看關(guān)系代詞的指代。
(5)所有能做的都做了。
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(6)這就是我想要買的電影。
ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.
(7)他們在倫敦參觀的第一個地方是大本鐘。
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
(8)站在那兒的是誰?
Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
(9)Theyhavesetupacompany,whichdealswiththethingsthatarerelatedtoenvironmentprotection.
他們創(chuàng)立了一家環(huán)保公司。
(10)杭州不再是過去的杭州了。
Hangzhouisnomorethecitythatitusedtobe.
指物時,定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用that的情況:
①當(dāng)先行詞為everything,anything,nothing,theone,none,all,much,few,any,little等不定代詞時,只用that。
②當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,all,much,few,any,little,no修飾時,只用that。
③當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時,只用that。先行詞既有人又有物時,只用that。
④當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時,為避免重復(fù)要用that。
⑤有兩個定語從句時,其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個宜用that。
⑥當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語,而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時,只用that。
(11)那棵四百年的老樹很有名。
Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
(12)我們自給自足。
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
(13)這本書是關(guān)于我們要去參觀的那座有名的建筑嗎?
Isthisthebookthatreferstothefamousbuildingwhichwewillgotovisit?
只能用which的情況:
①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,只能用which。
②介詞后只用which,且不能省略。
③有兩個定語從句時,其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用that,另一個宜用which。
(14)有人愿意幫助受傷的人嗎?
Isthereanyonewhoisreadytohelptheinjuredperson?
(15)這就是那位幫助在事故中受傷的人的醫(yī)生嗎?
Isthisthedoctorthathelpedthepeoplewhowereinjuredintheaccident?
指人時,定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用who的情況:
①當(dāng)先行詞是anyone,those時,只用who。
②有兩個定語從句皆指人時,其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用that,另一個宜用who。
(16)那個門破了的教室在二樓。
Theclassroomwhosedoor/thedoorofwhich/ofwhichthedoorisbrokenisonthesecondfloor.whose可以指代人或物,在定語從句中作定語,后跟名詞。指物時,whose+名詞=ofwhich+名詞=名詞+ofwhich。
(17)我們都知道,吸煙有害健康。
①Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.
太陽照射地球,這對我們是很重要的。
②Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.
(18)①她和她妹妹穿一樣的衣服。
Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.
②這不是我們想到的那所房子。
ThishouseisnotsuchasIexpect.
(19)就像我們指出的那樣,這種物質(zhì)是有毒的。
Aswaspointedout,thiskindofsubstanceispoisonous.
關(guān)系代詞as和which
在非限制性定語從句中,as和which可代替整個主句,相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。二者的區(qū)別主要在于:
①as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以在主句前,也可以在主句后,有時還可以在插入句中,常帶有“正如……,正像……”的意思。而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后,翻譯成“這”。
②as常用于以下固定搭配中:thesame+名詞+as“和……同樣的”,such+名詞+as“像……一樣的,像……之類的”,…suchas…“這樣的人/物”。(such為代詞,作先行詞;as在從句中作賓語)
③在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中,一般也用as:
as(it)appears,as(it)seems,as(it)oftenhappens,as(it)waspointedout/said/reported/announced,as(it)wassaidearlier,asIremember(it),asiswell-known,asisknowntoall,asanybodycansee等。
(20)這就是我一直在找的書。
Thisisthebookwhich/that/不填I(lǐng)amlookingfor.
(21)他深愛對他慈愛的父母。
Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
=Helovedhisparentsdeeply,ofwhombothareverykindtohim.
(22)我沒有足夠的錢去買那條昂貴的裙子。
Idonthaveenoughmoneywithwhichtobuysuchanexpensivedress.
(23)從1998年到2004年Mike在這所大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí),在此期間,他學(xué)習(xí)很努力并當(dāng)選為學(xué)生會主席。
Mikestudiedattheuniversityfrom1998to2004,duringwhichtimehestudiedveryhardandwasmadechairmanoftheStudentsUnion.
“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom,指物時用which。
①某些帶有介詞的動詞短語,介詞可以提至關(guān)系代詞之前,但是在一些固定搭配的短語動詞中,由于動詞和介詞不可以分割,因此不能將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前,如takecareof,lookfor,lookafter,carefor等。
②“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞,有時數(shù)詞或代詞也可以放在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”之后。
③介詞+which/whom+todo結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以改為:介詞+which/whom+定語從句。
④在非限制性定語從句中,which可作定語,指先行詞(短語或句子)所表示的信息,形成“介詞+which+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),相當(dāng)于andin/at/duringthis/that+名詞。
二、關(guān)系副詞的使用
(24)我仍然記得我們第一次上學(xué)的那天。
Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichwefirstcametotheschool.
(25)十年前我住的房子已經(jīng)被推倒了。
Thehousewhere/inwhichIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
(26)我不知道他今天看起來不高興的原因。
Idontknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhelooksunhappytoday.
關(guān)系副詞的分類和作用
①when指時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語;when=表示時間的介詞(in/at/on/during…)+which。
②where指地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語,where=表示地點的介詞(in/at/on/under…)+which。
③why指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語,why=表示原因的介詞(for)+which。
(27)他回答這個問題的方式是令人驚訝的。
Thewayinwhich/that/不填heansweredthequestionwassurprising.
(28)Thewaywhich/thatheexplainedtouswasquitesimple.
在以theway為先行詞的定語從句中,若theway在從句中充當(dāng)狀語,則通常由inwhich或that引導(dǎo),而且通??梢允÷?。若theway在從句中充當(dāng)賓語,則通常由which或that引導(dǎo)。
(29)中國是風(fēng)箏的起源地,并從那里傳播到日本、韓國、泰國和印度。
Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,fromwherekitesspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.
有時為了表達(dá)更清楚,可以在關(guān)系副詞where/when前加上介詞to,from等。
Thereisonepointthatwemustinsiston.
有一個觀點我們必須堅持。(定語從句可還原為:wemustinsistonthepoint,所以先行詞point在定語從句中作賓語,故用that/which或省略。)
Werejusttryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.
我們正努力做到能讓雙方坐下來對話。(定語從句可還原為:atthepointbothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk,故先行詞point在定語從句中作狀語,所以關(guān)系詞用where/atwhich。)
一些特殊的先行詞如situation,point,case,activity,scene及period,festival,occasion等要注意具體情況具體分析,作主語、賓語和表語用that/which,作狀語用where/when/介詞+which。
三、關(guān)系代/副詞的選擇技巧
(30)我會記住我們一起度過的日子。
Iwillrememberthedaysthat/which/省略wespenttogether.
(根據(jù)把定語從句還原成wespentthedaystogether,判斷出thedays作spent的賓語)
(31)6月7日是我們開始高考的日子。
June7isthedaywhen/onwhichwebegintotakethecollegeentranceexamination.
(根據(jù)把定語從句還原成webegintotakethecollegeentranceexaminationontheday,判斷出ontheday作狀語。)
(32)這是他工作過10年的地方。
Thisistheplacewhere/inwhichheworkedfortenyears.
(根據(jù)把定語從句還原成heworkedintheplacefortenyears,判斷出intheplace作狀語。)
①用還原法:將先行詞放入定語從句中,找到它的原有位置,判斷它做什么成分以及判斷先行詞指人還是指物。
②一般說來,作主語、賓語或表語時,用關(guān)系代詞;作狀語時,用關(guān)系副詞或介詞+which;作定語時,用whose。
四、定語從句和其他句型之間的關(guān)系
Heissuchagoodboythateveryonelikeshim.(不缺句子成分,that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句)
他是如此好的一位男孩以至于大家都喜歡他。
Heissuchagoodboyaseveryonelikes.(likes缺賓語,用as充當(dāng)并引導(dǎo)定語從句)
他是一個大家都喜歡的男孩。
Thegreatwhitesharkissofierceafishaseatsmostoftheothers.(as充當(dāng)eats的主語,并引導(dǎo)定語從句)
大白鯊是大多數(shù)魚都吃的一種兇狠的魚。
區(qū)別such/so…as…引導(dǎo)的定語從句和such/so…that…引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句判斷用that還是as,只要看從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整即可。如果從句缺了主語或賓語就是定語從句;如果從句的結(jié)構(gòu)完整,就是結(jié)果狀語從句。
區(qū)別非限制性定語從句與并列句
—Hewrotealotofnovels,noneof______werepopular.
—Itsthesamewithhiswife.Shewrotesomeplays,butnoneof______wasasuccess.
A.these;themB.which;which
C.those;which D.which;them
此題應(yīng)選D。很容易誤選A、B。選對該題的關(guān)鍵是:要注意前面一句的noneof…沒有并列連詞(說明它才是非限制性定語從句,所以其后填which),而后面一句的noneof…前有一并列連詞but(說明它與前面一句構(gòu)成并列句,所以其后填them)。
區(qū)別定語從句與名詞性從句
①Asisknowntoall,themoontravelsaroundtheearth.
②Itisknowntoallthatthemoontravelsaroundtheearth.
③Thatthemoontravelsaroundtheearthisknowntoall.
④Whatisknowntoallisthatthemoontravelsaroundtheearth.
①as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;
②it作形式主語,that引導(dǎo)主語從句;
③that引導(dǎo)主語從句;
④what引導(dǎo)主語從句,that引導(dǎo)表語從句。
區(qū)別定語從句與地點狀語從句
①Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamarkintheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.
②Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.
③Pleaseputthebookintheplacewhereyougotit.
④Pleaseputthebookwhereyougotit.
①定語從句修飾place;②地點狀語從句;③定語從句修飾place;④地點狀語從句。
區(qū)別定語從句與強調(diào)句、狀語從句
①Itwasthissmallvillage(that/which)wegottoknoweachother.
②Itwasinthissmallvillagethatwegottoknoweachother.
③Itwas1914whenthewarbrokeout.
④Itwasin1914thatthewarbrokeout.
⑤Itwas1914,whenthewarbrokeout.
①定語從句;②強調(diào)句;③時間狀語從句;④強調(diào)句;⑤非限制性定語從句。
定語從句中含有插入語
①Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,whichIthinkisofgreatimportancetoscience.
②TheChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtodevelopthewestofChina,which,Idaresay,willbenefitthepeoplethere,especiallythosewhoarestillleadingapoorlife.
①Ithink作插入語;②Idaresay作插入語。
高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)――定語從句
一名合格的教師要充分考慮學(xué)習(xí)的趣味性,作為教師就要好好準(zhǔn)備好一份教案課件。教案可以讓學(xué)生更好的消化課堂內(nèi)容,幫助教師掌握上課時的教學(xué)節(jié)奏。您知道教案應(yīng)該要怎么下筆嗎?下面是小編為大家整理的“高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)――定語從句”,歡迎大家與身邊的朋友分享吧!
高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)――定語從句(一)定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)
1、關(guān)系代詞:who,whom,whose,which,that,as
2、關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首,主句先行詞之后,起著連接先行詞和從句的作用,同時在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。
e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語)
ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.(whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語)
3、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法:1)當(dāng)先行詞為人時用who作主語,whom作賓語;2)當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個句子時用which,可作主語或賓語;3)先行詞為人、物時用that,可作主語或賓語;4)whose用作定語,可指人或物;5)關(guān)系副詞when(指時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語,where(指地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語),why(指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語)。
(二)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句
1、限制性定語從句:從句與主句關(guān)系密切,去掉從句,主句意義不完整,甚至不合邏輯。
e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.(去掉定語從句,意思就不完整)
2、非限制性定語從句:從句對先行詞關(guān)系不密切,去掉定從句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號隔開,不能that用引導(dǎo)。
e.g.Tomsfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.(who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,整個句子可分成兩句來翻譯)
(三)使用定語從句時特別注意的幾個問題
1、that與which的區(qū)別。
1)用that而不用which的情況:①先行詞為不定代詞all,anything,nothing,;②先行詞有最高級修飾,有序數(shù)詞修飾;③先行詞有only,very,any等詞修飾;④先行詞既有人又有物時。
e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他們所參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。
MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識的唯一的外國人。
2)用which而不用that的情況:①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;②代表整個主句的意思;③介詞+關(guān)系代詞。
e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格,這使他的父親很生氣。
Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.這是父親去年居住過的房子。
3)as引導(dǎo)定語從句時的用法
①as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句通常用于thesameas,suchas結(jié)構(gòu)中。
e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriends.我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。
SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我們車間使用的這種機器是中國制造的。
②as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用來修飾整個句子。通常用下列句型:asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。
e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.正如我所預(yù)料的那樣,他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。
3)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時與which的區(qū)別
①當(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時,用as;反之,用which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
e.g.Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.
Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.
②當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時,常用which引導(dǎo)。
e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesntlikeatall.
2.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時,從句的謂語動詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。
e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.住在樓下的那個人英語說得很流利。
ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.
3.定語從句有時不直接緊靠先行詞,中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。
e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcantunderstand.
4.引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有時可以用介詞+which來代替。
e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.
5.當(dāng)定語從句中謂語動詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動詞時短語動詞的各個固定部分不要拆開。
e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.
6.介詞在關(guān)系代詞前,只能用which和whom,且不能省略;介詞在句尾,關(guān)系代詞可有which,that,whom,口語中也可用who,且可省略。
e.g.Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.
練習(xí)、定語從句一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句:
1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.
2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.
3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.
4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydontstudyhard.
5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.
6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.
7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.
8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.
9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.
10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.
11.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.
12.Thatsthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.
13.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.
14.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaventbeenhandedin.
15.Isthatthewoman?Herdaughterisinmyclass.
16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.
17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.
18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.
19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.
20.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.
二、根據(jù)句子意思,在第一個空白處填入介詞,在第二個填入關(guān)系代詞whom或which:
1.Theperson________________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.
2.Thepencil________________hewaswritingbroke.
3.WuDong,________________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.
4.Thetwothings________________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.
5.Herbag,________________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.
6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,________________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.
三、選擇填空:1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.
A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when
2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
3.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as
4.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who
5.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as
6.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when
7.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who
8.Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere?
A.whoB./C.thatD.when
9.Theman____youtalkedjustnowisaworker.
A.whoB.whomC.towhomD.towho
10.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfathersneighbour.
A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.which
11.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.
A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalking
C.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking
12.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.
A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhimC.youshowedD.whereyoushowed
13.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.
A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who
14.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.
A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which
15.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?
A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose
16.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.
A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all
17.Theforeignguests,____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.
A.mostofthemB.mostofthatC.mostofwhomD.mostofthose
18.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as
19.Iknowonlyalittleaboutthismatter;youmayask____knowsbetterthanI.
A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.theone
20.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.
A.whereB./C.whenD.what
21.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.onwhich
22.Nearbyweretwocanoes____theyhadcometotheisland.
A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD./
23.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim.
A.that,whatB.what,thatC.which,whatD.that,which
24.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?
A.thatB.whichC.itsD.whose
25.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.
A.whomB.whoC.towhomD.formwhom
26.Isthisschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?
A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where
27.Isthistheschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?
A.theoneB.whereC.inwhichD./
28,Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass____homesareinthecountry?
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
29.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.
A.itB.whichC.thatD.he
30.ThetrainwascrowdedandIhadtogetintoacarriage____alreadysevenotherpeople.
A.whentherewereB.whichtherewereC.thattherewereD.wheretherewere
31.Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.
A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.inthat
32.----Whatgameispopularwiththem?----The____mostistennis.
A.gametheylikeitB.gametheylikeC.bestgametheylikeD.bestgametheylikeit
33.Theystayedwithmethreeweeks,____theydrankallthewineIhad.
A.whichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichtimeD.duringwhich
34.Theroom____MrWhitelivesisnotverylarge.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
35.Dontforgettheday____youwerereceivedintotheYouthLeague.
A.whenB.thatC.atwhichD.where
36.Ivefinishedwritingthenovel,____istobepublishednextmonth.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when
37.Hereturnedhomesafeandsoundafterafiercebattle,____wasunexpected.
A.whichB.asC.thatD.it
38.____weisknowntoall,Englishisnotverydifficulttolearn.
A.WhatB.AsC.ThatD.Which
39.Theoldmanhadthreesons,allof____diedduringWorldWarⅡ.
A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.who
40.Ihaveboughttwopens,____writewell.
A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.bothofwhichD.allofwhich
41.Doyouknowthereason____shehaschangedhermind?
A.whyB.whichC.forthatD.ofwhich
42.Hefailedintheexam,____provesthathewasntworkinghardenough.
A.whichB.whatC.itD.that
43.Duringtheweek____hetriedtocollectmaterialsforhisarticle.
A.followingB.followedC.tofollowD.thatfollowed
44.____wasexpected,hesucceededintheexam.
A.ItB.WhichC.AsD.That
45.Hestudiedhardandlaterbecameawell-knownwriter,____hisfatherexpected.
A.thatwaswhatB.whatwasthatC.andwhichwasD.whichwaswhat
46.Weshouldreadsuchbooks____willmakeusbetterandwiser.
A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what
47.Youmustshowmywifethesamerespect____youshowme.
A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what
48.Heisabsent____isoftenthecase.
A.whatB.whichC.whoD.as
49.Itisthefirsttime____Ihavecometoyourcity.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when
50.Who____hasthesameideaasitwilldoitinthisway.
A.whoB.thatC.whomD.which
51.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears____Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,____hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who
52.Thisistheonlybook____Icanfind.
A.thatB.whichC.itD.withwhich
53.Idontlike____youspeaktoher.
A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich
54.Thatisoneofthosebooksthat____worthreading.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
55.Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentswhosehandwriting____thebest.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
56.Therewas____topreventtheaccident.
A.somethingcoulddoB.anythingwecoulddo
C.nothingwecouldntdoD.nothingwecoulddo
---------------------
作者:iteye_13575
來源:CSDN
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/iteye_13575/article/details/82270326
版權(quán)聲明:本文為博主原創(chuàng)文章,轉(zhuǎn)載請附上博文鏈接!
牛津高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí):定語從句
牛津高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí):定語從句
(一)定義
1)在復(fù)合句中(一個句子的某一成分由句子承當(dāng)),修飾某一名詞或代詞從句叫定語從句或形容詞從句;在句中起定語的作用.
2)被定語從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞antecedent
1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.
先行詞關(guān)系代詞定語從句
2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.
先行詞關(guān)系代詞定語從句
(二):關(guān)系代詞的作用;
1.連接主句和從句。
2.代表被修飾的先行詞。
3.在定語從句做一個句子成分。
eg.ThisistheroomwhichIlivedinlastyear.
先行詞關(guān)系代詞定語從句
(三):定語從句中有關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,which,that,as.
關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等引導(dǎo)定語從句。
(四):用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞
關(guān)系代詞起代詞的作用,關(guān)系副詞起副詞的作用,因此同樣的先行詞,選用什么樣的關(guān)系詞,要由它在定語從句中擔(dān)任的邏輯作用來決定。
關(guān)系代詞
詞行
先行詞
充當(dāng)成分
who
人
主、賓、表
Whom
人
賓
That
人物
主、賓、表
Which
物
主、賓、表
As
物
主、賓
Whose=ofwhomofwhich
人物
定語
關(guān)系副詞
When=atinonduringwhich
時間
狀
Where=atintowhich
地點
狀
Why=forwhich
原因
狀
that在口語中可以代替關(guān)系副詞
以上三者
狀Thisistheplacewherewework.(vi.)(關(guān)系詞所做的成分關(guān)鍵是有從句中的動詞來決定的)
Thisistheplacewhichwevisited.(vt.)
種類
先行詞
關(guān)聯(lián)詞
例句
說明
定
語
從
句
(人)在從句中做主語或賓語
物在從句中做主語或賓語
who
which
Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.
這就是救了孩子生命的醫(yī)生。
SheisthenewstudentwhomIwanttointroducetoyou.
她就是我要介紹給你的新學(xué)生Pleasepassmethebookwhichislyingonthetable.
請遞給我擺在桌上的那本書。
ThenovelwhichTomboughtisveryinteresting.
湯姆買的小說很有意思。
Canyoulendmethemagazineaboutwhichyoutalkedyesterday?
你能把昨天談到的那本雜志借給我嗎?
who在從句中做主語
whom在從句中做賓語,口語中who可以代替whom,也可以被省去,但做介詞賓語時只能用whom
which在從句中做主語。
which充當(dāng)賓語時可以省去。
which做介詞賓語不可省
定
語
從
句
人
或
物
的
whose
TheprofessorwhosedaughterteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams
那位教授是威廉斯他的女兒教你英語。
Theprofessor,thedaughterofwhomteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams.
Thebikewhosebrakewasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.
那輛壞了閘的自行車現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)修好了。
=Thebikethebrakeofwhichwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired
whose在從句中做定語
指某人的也可以用…ofwhom代替whose
指物時也可以用…ofwhich代替whose
人
或
that
ThewomanthatisplayingthepianoisMissZhang.
正在彈鋼琴的那位婦女是張小姐。
I’dliketoseethefilmsthatarejustonshow.
我想看那些剛上映的電影。
that指人做主語
that指物做主語種類
先行詞
關(guān)聯(lián)詞
例句
說明
物
all,littlemuch和some,anyevery,no構(gòu)成的合成代詞
人
或
物
that
that
Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberintheschool.
他們談起他們所記得起的學(xué)校里的人和事,談了大約有半個小時。
I’lltellyouall(that)Iknowaboutit.
我要告訴你我所知道這件事的一切情況。
Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?
有什么我可以幫助做的事嗎?
I’vebroughteverything(that)youneed.
我把你需要的東西都拿來了。
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.
這是我看過的最好的一部電影。
Thefirstplacethatwe’llvisitisBeijingLibrary.
我們要參觀的第一個地方是北京圖書館
先行詞分別表示人和物,關(guān)系代詞要用that,不用who或which
先行詞表示物,關(guān)系代詞用that不用which,在從句中做賓語可省去。如果先行詞是人時,關(guān)系代詞不受制約,用that或who(whom)
均可
先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時定語從句用that引導(dǎo)。
定
語
從
句
人
或
物
that
Heistheonlypersonthatisbelievable.
他是唯一可靠的人。
Johnistheverypersonthatshewantstosee.
約翰正是她要見的人。
WhoisthemanthatistalkingwithTom?
正在和湯姆談話的人是誰?
Whichofthebooksthatyouboughtiseasytoread?
你買的那些書中哪一本容易讀。
先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame等修飾時用關(guān)系代詞that.
當(dāng)主句以who、which開頭的特殊疑問句時,定語從句要用that
時
間
when
Hecameatatimewhenwe.neededhimmost.他在我們最需要的時候來了。
We’llneverforgetthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
我們永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記中華人民共和國成立的那一天。
在定語從句中作時間狀語
注:先行詞是time,minute,moment,nexttime很少用關(guān)系副詞when,可用that但通常省去。
地點
where
Thisistheroomwhereheputupforthenight.
這就是他渡過夜晚的那房子。
在定語從句中作地點狀語
原因
理由
why
Iknowthereasonwhyshestudiessowell.
我知道她學(xué)習(xí)好的原因。
在定語從句中作原因狀語Thisistheplacewherework.(vi.)(關(guān)系詞所做的成分關(guān)鍵是有從句中的動詞來決定的)
Thisistheplacewhichwevisited.(vt.)
(五):限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句 從句與先行詞的關(guān)系 從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語,如果省去,主句的意思就會不完整或不明確。 從句只是對先行詞的附加說明,如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整 標(biāo)點 從句和主句之間不用逗號分開 從句和主句之間通常用逗號分開 關(guān) 系 代 詞 指人who(that)whom 指物which(that) 人和物whose 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省去 指人who(作主語)whom(做賓語) 指物which 人和物的whose 關(guān)系代詞一般不可省 修飾 從句只修飾一個名詞或代詞 可以修飾一個名詞或代詞也可修飾整個主句 翻譯 定語從句譯在被修飾詞的前面 定語從句通常被譯成另一個獨立的句子
非限制性
形式上
無逗號
有逗號
內(nèi)容上
先行詞不是唯一的
先行詞是唯一的,定語從句可有可無。
關(guān)系詞
可用that,why.作賓語可以省略
不可用that,why。關(guān)系詞一律不省。
先行詞
名詞或代詞
名詞或代詞,也可以使整個句子
漢語翻譯
譯作定語
譯成并列句
1.二者差異比較
限制定語從句緊跟先行詞,同先行詞之間一般不加逗號,僅修飾先行詞,可以由關(guān)系代詞.關(guān)系副詞或that來引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語從句僅作補充或說明,用逗號與主句隔開,既可修飾先行詞,又可修飾整個主句,不可用that引導(dǎo)。
Hehasabrotherwhoisaphysicist.
Hehasabrother,whoisaphysicist.(只有一個)
HereturnedallthebookswhicharewritteninEnglish.
Hereturnedallthebooks,whicharewritteninEnglish.Iwillwearnoclotheswhichwillbeoutofordinary.
Iwillwearnoclothes,whichwillbeoutofordinary.
Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.
Mysister,wholivesnextdoor,isadoctor.
I’msureIknowthepersonwhoservedme.
Tom,whoservedus,istheowneroftherestaurant.
Astudentwhostudieshardwillmakegoodprogress.
Thestudent,wholivesfarfromschool,istheleaderoftheirfootballmatch.
(六)關(guān)系代詞that和which的區(qū)別
1.只能用that的情況
(1)如果先行詞是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none,few.等不定代詞,關(guān)系代詞一般只用that,不用which。例如:
Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.
Everythingthatwesawwasinteresting.
I’minterestedineverythingthatIdon’tknow.
Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.
(2)如果先等詞被all,littlenoneany,only,few,much,no,some,very等詞修飾,關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which.
例如:Ireadallthebooksthatyougavetome.
ThisistheonlymoneythatIhaveinmypocket.
AllthemoneythatwascollectedwasgiventotheHopeProject.
(3)如果先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾或者先行詞是最高級時,關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which。
ThisisthefirstbookthatwaswritteninEnglish.
ThisisthelastfactorythatIvisited.
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
ThisisthefunniestthingthatIeverheard.
(4)如果先等詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾,關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which.
ThisistheonlybookthatIreallylike.
Hewastheonlypersonintheofficethatwasinvitedtotheball.
(5)先行詞有兩個,一個指人,一個指物,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。而不用who,which.
例如:Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.
Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.
(6)who,which開頭的特殊疑問句中,關(guān)系代詞用that.
Whoisthepersonthatisstandingthere?
WhichofusthatknowsEnglishdoesn’tknowthis?
whichofthenoveldoyoulikebest?
(7)關(guān)系代詞作表語時,關(guān)系代詞用that.
Ittookusmanyyearstomakethecitythatitistoday.
Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.
Chinaisn’tthecountryitusedtobe.
(8)先行詞是奇數(shù)詞或是序數(shù)詞時,關(guān)系代詞用that.
YesterdayIcaughttwofish.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillaliveinthebasinofwater.
(9)當(dāng)主句“therebe“開頭時,關(guān)系代詞要用that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾該句型的主語。
Therearefourdesksinthemiddleoftheofficethatareusedfortheteachers.
(10)當(dāng)先行詞是“tobe“后面的表語時關(guān)系代詞用that.
Thisisthedictionarythatwasboughtinthebookstoreyesterday.
2.只能用which的情況
1)非限制性定語從句中,不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。如:
Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostofwhom、arewelleducated.
Beijing,whichischina’scapital,isrichinculture.
2)those/that+名詞后的定語從句用which引導(dǎo)。不能用關(guān)系代詞that。
Thatpenwhichhetookismine.
Ashopshouldkeepthosegoodswhichsellswell.
3)介詞后只用which
Thisistheroominwhichhelived.
Idon’tknowthemantowhomyoutalked.
Thechaironwhichheissittingismadeofwood.
(4)which還有一種特殊用法,它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個主句,代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中,which可以作主語,也可以作賓語或表語,不用that..例如:
Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.
(5)先行詞是that時,關(guān)系代詞要用which.
What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?
(6)關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語時,益用關(guān)系代詞which.
HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelptoimproveyourEnglish.
3.只用who,whom.而不用that的情況
(1)如果先行詞是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,those,ones等時,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用who或whom,不用which.that。例如:
Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?
Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.
(2)當(dāng)先行詞是指人的集合名詞時,如果作這個名詞著眼于集體的整體,關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員,則用who。
Mr.Smithcametovisitmyfamily,whowerewatchingTVthen.
Ourclass,whichisaverygoodone,waspraisedagainatthemeeting.
(3)當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語或者在被分割的定語從句中,宜用關(guān)系代詞who
Pro.WangiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusatalkonhowtolearnEnglish.
(4)當(dāng)先行詞用-body或-one構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時,關(guān)系代詞用who
We’dbetternotbelieveinanyonewhowedon’tknow.
(5)當(dāng)先行詞是一個限定性的表示人的特定名詞時,常用who
Theaunt/unclewhocametoseeuslastweekismybrother’ssister.
(七).“介詞+關(guān)系代詞“是一個普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)
(1)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞“可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句?!敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等,關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或which,不可用that。其中whom代表人,which代表物
Whoisthecomradewithwhomyoushookhands?
Heworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisariver
Givemethebookthecoverofwhichisred(thecoverofwhich=whosecover)
Heisthemanwhosefatherisateacher.=Heisthemanthefatherofwhomisateacher.
ThisistheneighborhoodfromwhomIborrowedthebicycle.
(2)fromwhere為“介詞+關(guān)系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu),但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句(不常用)。例如:
Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown..
(3)***關(guān)系代詞前的介詞如何確定?
A.依據(jù)定語從句中動詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配
Mr.Smithboughtanewhouseonwhichhespentallhismoney.
B.依據(jù)先行詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配確定
Therewasnowayinwhichitcouldbeboughtbacktotheearth.(inthisway)
C.根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思確定
Thegaswithwhichdoctorscansavethepatientsiscalledoxygen.
Thegaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.
(4)***注意關(guān)系代詞的位置
介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時,只能用which和whom不能用that代替,也不可省略;介詞在句尾時,關(guān)系代詞可which,that,whom,who,都行,而且還可以省略。
ThisisthedrawerinwhichIputmyletters.
=Thisisthedrawer(which/that)Iputmylettersin.
HaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotelettersthismorning?
=Haveyouseenthepen(which/that)Iwroteletterswiththismorning?
所以一個句子有時有多種用法
如:那就是他工作的大學(xué)
Thisisthecollegeatwhichheworks.
Thisisthecollegethat/whichheworksat.
Thisisthecollegewhereheworks.
但像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短語動詞,在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如:
Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.
Thisisthebookwhich/thatIamlookingfor.
ThisisthegirlIhavebeenlookingforthewholeafternoon.
(八)whose引導(dǎo)從句的意義
1)指人=ofwhom表示所修飾的“某(些)人的用做所修飾的先行詞的所有格。
Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.
2)指物=ofwhich表所修飾的“某物的“
Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.
Iliveintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth
(whose+從句可以用“ofwhich+從句”代替)
(九)As與which是有區(qū)別的
A)相同之處:都可以用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代前面的主句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。which可做賓語或表語
Hefailedoncemoreinthematch,whichwasagreatpity.
Hesucceededinthecomposition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.
B)區(qū)別:
1)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活,可以位于主句前面.中間或后面,一般用逗號與主句隔開,但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。例如:
1)Asweallknow,Galileo’stheoryoffallingobjectsisright.
=Galileo’stheoryoffallingobjects,asweallknow,isright
=Galileo’stheoryoffallingobjectsisright,asweallknow.
2)Hewasthrownintoprison,whichgotroundthroughoutourvillage
3)Asisexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.
4)Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknownbyeveryone.
5)Hewaslateagain,whichmademeunhappy
6)Asyouknow,heisgoodatEnglish.
2.)as有“如”、“正如”、“像”、“正像”的含義,which沒有。后面的謂語動詞多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report等。
Bobdidanexcellentjob,aswehadexpected.
Ourteamwonthegame,whichmadeushappy.
Asisknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.
Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.
Wearefacingtheproblemswhichwefacedyearsago.
Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.
Wehopetogetthetoolwhichheisusing.
3.)as在引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句多與such或thesame連用,可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。
thesame…assuch….as
Thisisthesamestoryashetoldme.
Ihopetogetsuchabookasheisusing
4).as也可單獨使用,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,作用相當(dāng)于which??纱硪粋€句子。例如:
Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.
5).as做主語時,其后必跟系動詞,而which無此限制
Themeetingwasputoff,aswaswhatwewanted.
Hewasmurdered,asseemedtrue.
6)as引導(dǎo)從句時,從句語義必須和主句一致
Shewasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected
Shewasmarriedagain,aswasunexpected7
7)thesame…as與thesame..that的區(qū)別:前者修飾的是原物同樣的
而后者修飾的就是先行詞
ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.這和我丟的那一只手表是一樣的。
ThisisthedamewatchthatIlost.著就是我丟的那一只手表。
(十)什么時候that可以省略?
1)引導(dǎo)同位語從句,主語從句,表語從句不能省略,且不做成分。
Thename“whitewater”comesfromthefactthatthewaterinthesestreamsandriverslookswhitewhenitmovesquickly.
It’sknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.(that置后可一省略)
Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.(有時可省,一般不省)
2)賓語從句中可以省略
Idon’tthink(that)youareright.
3)that只有在定語從句中做成分,可做主、賓、表語。
(十一)關(guān)系代詞做主語,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于先行詞而不是關(guān)系代詞。
Iwanttoseethefilmthatisonshow.
Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhardwillnotpastheexam.
(十二)oneofthe…與theoneofthe…做先行詞時謂語不一致。
LiBaiisoneofthegreatestpoetsthathavelivedinChina.
LiBaiistheoneofthegreatestpoetsthathaslivedinChina.
ThisisoneofthebooksthatIhavebeenwritteninChinese.
ThisistheonlyoneofthebooksthathasbeenwritteninChinese.
Heisoneoftheboyswhoarewillingtodoit.
Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoiswillingtodoit.
(十三).關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1.關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句
關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時間.地點或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語,where充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語,why充當(dāng)原因狀語。
1)when表示時間,充當(dāng)時間狀語when=on/in/of/at…+which
IstillrememberthedaywhenIjointheparty
IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.
但注意:
1.當(dāng)先行詞是表地點:place,room,mountain,airport等時間:time,day,year,month,week,等原因:reason等名詞時,并且分別在句中做地點、時間、原因狀語時,應(yīng)用where,when,why引導(dǎo)。但是如果如果表示時間地點原因的名詞不做狀語,而是做主語,賓語,或者表語時,必須用關(guān)系代詞that/which來引導(dǎo)而不是用where等。
Istillrememberthedaythatwespenttogether。
May1isthedaythatIwillneverforget。
TheYangtzeGorgesisabeautifulplace(that/which)peopleallovertheworldlookforwardtovisiting.
長江三峽是個美麗的地方,全世界的人都渴望來參觀。
Themoment(that/which)Iturnedaround,shehadleftanddisappearedinthecrowd.
Isthisthereasonthathegaveusforbeinglate?
Thisisthefactorythatwevisited
Thatisthehousethathelivedin..
Theplacethatwehadbeentowasfar.
Theshopthat/whichwesawisbeautiful.
2.當(dāng)先行詞為bythetime,anytime,theway,everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime時,關(guān)系詞不用when而用that.或省略
ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.
ThefirsttimeIsawhimwasin1980
Bythetimehewas14hehadlearnedadvancedmathematics
但如果time前無修飾語,關(guān)系詞用thatwhen均可
Iwillneverforgotthetimewhen(that)wemetforthefirsttime.
3.當(dāng)先行詞為way時,關(guān)系詞用inwhich,that,或省略.
Thisisthewaythat/inwhich/不加hesmiles.
但注意:
4.why表示原因(現(xiàn)行詞只有一個reason),做原因狀語。Why=forwhich
Thatisthereasonwhyhewaslate.
(十四)學(xué)生容易出現(xiàn)的問題。
1.在定語從句中多加了賓語,如:
SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome.
SomeoftheboysIinviteddidn’tcome.
Isthisthehorseyoudrewityesterday?
Isthisthehorseyoudrewyesterday?
2.把定語從句的動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)弄錯。
Thosewhohasfinishedmayleavetheclassroomnow.
Theykeyopenstheroomismissing.
Thosewhohavefinishedmayleavetheclassroomnow.
ThisisoneoftheriversinChinawhichflowsnorthward.
ThisisoneoftheriversinChinawhichflowsnorthward.
3.省略了定語從句中做主語的關(guān)系代詞。
Childreneatalotofsugaroftengetbadteeth.
Childrenwhoeatalotofsugaroftengetbadteeth.
Theykeyopenstheroomismissing.
Theykeywhich/thatopenstheroomismissing.
4.定語從句中加了多余的關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞。
Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing.
Thehousewherehelivesneedsrepairing.
Thehousewhich/thathelivesinneedsrepairing.
Thisisthetimeatwhenhe’smorelikelytobein.
Thisisthetimewhenhe’smorelikelytobein.
Thisisthetimeatwhichhe’smorelikelytobein.
(十五)代有插入語的定語從句who與whom的選用。
擔(dān)主語成分時用who,擔(dān)賓格成分時用whom
方法:要區(qū)分是定語從句中的插入語還是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。
Jasonisamanwho(Ibelieved)ishonest.(去掉仍成立)
JasonisamanwhomIbelievetobehonest.
做賓語
Thegirlwhowesupposedwasdrownedcameback.
Thegirlwhowesupposedtobedrownedcameback.
(十六)什么時候宜用非限制性定語從句
1)當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞時,通常用非限制性定語從句,它本身就具有特殊性,無需在加限定。
Shenzhen,whichisinSouthChina,isdevelopingrapidly.
Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotagarden.
Mr.Smithboughtanewhouseonwhichhespentallhismoney.
2)當(dāng)先行詞是具有某一特征的人或者物中的一個,但跟非限制從句時則表示唯一的一個,compare:Herroomhasawindowwhichfacessouth.
Herroomhasawindow,whichfacessouth.
IhaveabrotherwhoisworkinginBeijing.
Ihaveabrother,whoisworkinginBeijing.
3.當(dāng)先行詞表示類屬意義,即表示某類動物,事物或人時,其后所跟的定語從句一般是非限制性的。
Asleepisausefulanimal,whosewoolhasmanyuses.
Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isnowplayedallovertheworld.