高中英語定語從句教案
發(fā)表時間:2021-05-022011屆中考英語定語從句復(fù)習。
定語從句?
(一)知識概要?
定語從句并不屬于中考范圍,但由于作者在多年的教學(xué)中體會到,這一語法現(xiàn)象影響了許多學(xué)生自學(xué)英語。這些學(xué)生一般是成績較好的學(xué)生,想進行大量閱讀來提高自己的英語水平,但總是碰到一些問題,百思不得其解。苦于自己的水平只限于初中水平,無法提高,但各種補習班又都是為一些水平較差的學(xué)生開設(shè)的,所以又投師無門。為了解決這部分學(xué)生的學(xué)習困難,也為那些有志青年鋪平學(xué)習上的道路,特用這一節(jié)講述定語從句,不是從語法上講述,而是從閱讀理解方面去講述??晒┩瑢W(xué)們在學(xué)習時參考。這會對你的英語學(xué)習起到事半功倍的作用。?對于形容詞我們已十分熟悉了,如:agoodbook,形容詞good用來修飾書book。我們也可以用一個句子來修飾名詞,這種句子叫做形容詞性從句,它起修飾名詞的作用,又被叫做定語從句(Theattributiveclause)。但有一點不同的是這個從句不是像形容詞那樣放于名詞前,而是放在名詞之后。它所修飾的名詞又被叫作先行詞,如:Doyouknowthescientistwhogaveusthetalkthisafternoon?這句中的主句是Doyouknowthescientist?(你知道那位科學(xué)家嗎?)而whogaveusthetalkthisafternoon(他今天下午給我們作的報告。)是定語從句。所以這兩句話合為一體即是:你認識今天下午給我們作報告的那位科學(xué)家嗎?這里scientist叫作先行詞,而who叫作定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。who在定語從句中起主語的作用,who的數(shù)與它的先行詞相同。又如:YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo?這里先行詞是everything,而thatIdo是定語從句,此句應(yīng)譯為:你必須作我所作的一切。that叫作定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,在句中作do的賓語。?引導(dǎo)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有關(guān)系代詞:that,which,who,whom,whose和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,how。不論關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞,都應(yīng)放于先行詞和定語從句之間,起聯(lián)系作用,但它們都要在定語從句中起語法作用,充當一個成份。如關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中不是作主語便是作賓語,而關(guān)系副詞則是作狀語。我們先來看關(guān)系代詞的用法。① that的先行詞可以是人也可以是物。如:Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly?這里先行詞是machine而that是關(guān)系代詞,在定語從句中作主語。這句譯為:飛機是一種會飛的機器。又如:Ilikethebook(that)youlentmeyesterday?這里先行詞是book,關(guān)系代詞用that,它在定語從句中作lend(借)的賓語。要注意的是關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略,即:Ilikethebookyoulentmeyesterday?② which關(guān)系代詞的先行詞只能是物。它在定語從句中作主語或賓語,如:Thebookshopisashopwhichsellsbooks?這里shop是先行詞,which在從句中作主語。又如:Thebook(which)Ireadlastnightwaswonderful?這里主句是Thebookwaswonderful?而定語從句是修飾主句的主語book,即我昨晚讀的那本書,which在定語從句中作read的賓語,可以省略。?③ who,whom,whose?who在定語從句中作主語,whom是who的賓格,在定語從句中作賓語,而whose則是形容詞性物主代詞,在從句中作定語,如:ThemanwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisanAmericanfriend?昨天參觀我們學(xué)校的人是一位美國朋友。Who在定語從句中作主語。又如:Whosthatwoman(whom)youjusttalkedto?你剛才與之談話的那個女人是誰?而whom作定語從句中介詞to的賓語,可以省略,而在現(xiàn)代英語中,句首的whom也常??捎脀ho代替。?Thisisourclassmate,Mary,whosehomeisnotfarfromourschool?這是我們的同學(xué)瑪麗,她的家離我們學(xué)校不遠。?為了便于理解,我們來看看是如何將兩句話并為一句話的。?
1. Isawtheman.?Heclosedthedoor??
Isawthemanwho(that)closedthedoor?
2. Thegirlishappy?Shewontherace??
Thegirlwhowontheraceishappy?
3. ThestudentsarefromChina?Theysitinthefrontrow??
ThestudentswhositinthefrontrowarefromChina?
(要注意的是先行詞是students則who的數(shù)也應(yīng)看作復(fù)數(shù)。)?
4. Wearestudyingsentences?Theycontainadjectivedause??
Wearestudyingsentencesthat(which)containadjectivedause??
5. Thetaxidriverwasfriendly?Hetookmetotheairport??
Thetaxidriverwhotookmetotheairportwasfriendly??
6. Thebookwasgood?Ireadit??
ThebookthatIreadwasgood??
ThebookIreadwasgood??
7. Thepeoplewereverynice?Wevisitedthemyesterday??
Thepeoplewevisitedyesterdaywereverynice?
8. Themancalledthepolice?Hiswalletwasstolen??
Themanwhosewalletwasstolencalledthepolice?
9. Icomefromacountry?Itshistorygoesbackthousandsofyears??
Icomefromacountrywhosehistorygoesbackthousandsofyears?
10. Ihavetocalltheman?Ipickeduphisumbrellaafterthemeeting??
IhavetocallthemanwhoseumbrellaIpickedupafterthemeeting?
關(guān)系代詞whom,which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時,可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間,有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將whom與which與先行詞緊挨著書寫,而將介詞置于定語從句的后面,如:
Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears?或可以寫作:
Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears??
Hewasthemanwhom(who)youwerelookingfor?要注意的是此句的關(guān)系代詞whom可以用主格取代,而lookfor是短語動詞也不可將for放于定語從句之前。that作關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語時,不能緊跟介詞,而只能將介詞置于定語從句的后面。如:Themanthatweweretalkingabouthascometoourschool?這時不可用aboutthat…請看下面例句:?
1. Themeetingwasinteresting?Iwenttoit??
ThemeetingthatIwenttowasinteresting??
2. Themanwasverykind?Italkedtohimyesterday??
ThemanwhoItalkedtoyesterdaywasverykind?
3. Imustthankthepeople?Igotapresentfromhim??
ImustthankthepeoplewhoIgotapresentfrom?
4. Thepicturewasbeautiful?Shewaslookingatit??
Thepicturethat(which)shewaslookingatwasbeautiful?
5. Themanisstandingoverthere?Itoldyouabouthim??
ThemanwhoItoldyouaboutisstandingoverthere?
?
除關(guān)系代詞外,還有關(guān)系副詞,when,where,why,其中when用來指時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語。如:IneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametotheGreatWall?而where則指地點,如:Thisisthehousewheretheoldmanlives?請看下面例句:
1. Thecitywasbeautiful?Wespentourvacationthere??
Thecitywherewespentourvacationwasbeautiful?
?
2. Thatistherestaurant?Iwillmeetyouthere??
ThatistherestaurantwhereIwillmeetyou?
?
3. Thetownissmall?Igrewupthere??
ThetownwhereIgrewupissmall?
?
4. Thatisthedrawer?Ikeepmynewpapersthere??
ThatisthedrawerwhereIkeepmynewspapers?
?
5. Mondayistheday?Wewillcomethen??
Mondayistheday?Whenwewillcame?
?
6.?。贰茫埃礽sthetimeMyplanearrivesthen??
7∶05isthetimewhenmyplanearrives?
?
7. 1960istheyear?Therevolutiontookplacethen??
1960istheyearwhentherevolutiontookplace?
?
8. Julyisthemonth?Theweatherisusuallythehottestthen??
Julyisthemonthwhentheweatherisusuallythehottest??
在定語從句中又可分為兩大類定語從句,即限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。?
① 限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語,如果去掉的話,主句的意思就不完整,意義就表述不明。這種句型一般定語從句緊接先行詞,如:?Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited??
② 非限制性定語從句。它與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切,只是對其附加說明,也就是講即便去掉定語從句,句意也不受影響,仍然清晰明了。這樣的定語從句要在它和主句之間加一逗號分開。且關(guān)系代詞不引導(dǎo)這種非限制性定語從句,如:AbrahamLincoln,wholedtheUnitedStatesthroughtheseyears,wasshotonApril14,?。保福叮礱tatheatreinwashington?D.?。茫∮秩纾篏alileolivedinthecityofPisa,wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh???
(二)正誤辨析?
[誤]IwonttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachmeEnglish??
[正]IwonttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachesmeEnglish??
[析]在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞作主語時,從它本身看不出其數(shù)的形式,這時要由它的先行詞決定。這里who應(yīng)由theperson單數(shù)決定,應(yīng)該用單數(shù)謂語動詞。又如:Iwhoamastudent?wanttofindasparetimejob?這里的who應(yīng)與I是一致的,所以其謂語動詞應(yīng)該用am。?
[誤]WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplewhowemetduringtheSecondWorldWar??
[正]WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplethatwemetduringtheSecondWorldWar??
[析]這里的關(guān)系代詞不要用who,因為其先行詞有兩個一個是things(物),而另一個是people(人),這時既不可用who,又不可用which,因前者只能用于先行詞是人的情況下,而后者則用于先行詞是物的情況下,所以只能用that,因為它的先行詞既可以是人又可以是物。?
[誤]Thebook,thatIboughtyesterday,wasverygood?
[正]Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,wasverygood??
[析]先行詞與定語從句被逗號分割開來時,即作為非限制性定語從句。在非限制性定語從句中which,when,who,whom,where,when,whose等都可以和限制性定語從句中的作用一樣,而獨有that不易用于非限制性定語從句。?
[誤]ThedictionarywhichIlentityesterdayisaveryusefultool??
[正]ThedictionarywhichIlentyesterdayisaveryusefultool??
[析]關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中是要起語法作用的,它不是作主語就是作賓語。雖然在作賓語時它的位置由原來的賓語位置移到了句首,但它的作用依然存在,而且在原賓語位置上不能再出現(xiàn)賓語。?
[誤]TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhichcomesfromAmerica
[正]TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhocomesfromAmerica
[析]theone,anyone,those作代詞并且是指某人、物時,其關(guān)系代詞不能用which應(yīng)用who。?
[誤]Thisistheroominthattheoldmanlives??
[正]Thisistheroominwhichtheoldmanlives??
[正]Thisistheroomwhichtheoldmanlivesin??
[正]Thisistheroomthattheoldmanlivesin??
[析]that不能緊跟在介詞后作介詞賓語,但如果介詞不前置仍放于句尾,則可用that作引導(dǎo)詞,而且可以省略。如:Thisistheroomtheoldmanlivesin??
[誤]Icandoeverythingwhichisgoodforyou??
[正]Icandoeverythingthatisgoodforyou??
[析]在先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代詞時,雖然它們指的是物體,但不要用which而用that作定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。?
[誤]Theonlythingwhichthestudentscandoisstudyinghard??
[正]Theonlythingthatthestudentscandoisstudyinghard??
[析]在先行詞前有only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof等詞修飾時,雖然先行詞指的是物,也不要用which作關(guān)系代詞,而要用that。?
[誤]ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmwhichIveeverseen??
[正]ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmthatIveeverseen??
[析]在先行詞是序數(shù)詞,或由序數(shù)詞修飾時,其關(guān)系代詞不可用which?這樣的用法還有在形容詞最高級修飾的先行詞之后,如:ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverseen
[誤]HeisfromAfrica,thatwecanseefromthecolouroftheskin??
[正]HeisfromAfrica,aswecanseefromthecolouroftheskin??
[析]當as或which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,它可能沒有明確的先行詞,它們所指代的是前面整個句子。如例題應(yīng)譯為他是從非洲來這個事情是可以從其膚色上看出的。?
精選閱讀
中考英語定語從句復(fù)習歸納
中考英語定語從句復(fù)習歸納
(一)知識概要?
定語從句并不屬于中考范圍,但由于作者在多年的教學(xué)中體會到,這一語法現(xiàn)象影響了許多學(xué)生自學(xué)英語。這些學(xué)生一般是成績較好的學(xué)生,想進行大量閱讀來提高自己的英語水平,但總是碰到一些問題,百思不得其解??嘤谧约旱乃街幌抻诔踔兴?,無法提高,但各種補習班又都是為一些水平較差的學(xué)生開設(shè)的,所以又投師無門。為了解決這部分學(xué)生的學(xué)習困難,也為那些有志青年鋪平學(xué)習上的道路,特用這一節(jié)講述定語從句,不是從語法上講述,而是從閱讀理解方面去講述??晒┩瑢W(xué)們在學(xué)習時參考。這會對你的英語學(xué)習起到事半功倍的作用。對于形容詞我們已十分熟悉了,如:agoodbook,形容詞good用來修飾書book。我們也可以用一個句子來修飾名詞,這種句子叫做形容詞性從句,它起修飾名詞的作用,又被叫做定語從句(Theattributiveclause)。但有一點不同的是這個從句不是像形容詞那樣放于名詞前,而是放在名詞之后。它所修飾的名詞又被叫作先行詞,如:Doyouknowthescientistwhogaveusthetalkthisafternoon?這句中的主句是Doyouknowthescientist?(你知道那位科學(xué)家嗎?)而whogaveusthetalkthisafternoon(他今天下午給我們作的報告。)是定語從句。所以這兩句話合為一體即是:
你認識今天下午給我們作報告的那位科學(xué)家嗎?這里scientist叫作先行詞,而who叫作定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。who在定語從句中起主語的作用,who的數(shù)與它的先行詞相同。又如:YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo這里先行詞是everything,而thatIdo是定語從句,此句應(yīng)譯為:你必須作我所作的一切。that叫作定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,在句中作do的賓語。引導(dǎo)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有關(guān)系代詞:that,which,who,whom,whose和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,how。不論關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞,都應(yīng)放于先行詞和定語從句之間,起聯(lián)系作用,但它們都要在定語從句中起語法作用,充當一個成份。如關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中不是作主語便是作賓語,而關(guān)系副詞則是作狀語。我們先來看關(guān)系代詞的用法。①that的先行詞可以是人也可以是物。如:Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly這里先行詞是machine而that是關(guān)系代詞,在定語從句中作主語。這句譯為:飛機是一種會飛的機器。又如:Ilikethebook(that)youlentmeyesterday這里先行詞是book,關(guān)系代詞用that,它在定語從句中作lend(借)的賓語。要注意的是關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略,即:Ilikethebookyoulentmeyesterday②which關(guān)系代詞的先行詞只能是物。它在定語從句中作主語或賓語,如:Thebookshopisashopwhichsellsbooks這里shop是先行詞,which在從句中作主語。又如:Thebook(which)Ireadlastnightwaswonderful這里主句是Thebookwaswonderful而定語從句是修飾主句的主語book,即我昨晚讀的那本書,which在定語從句中作read的賓語,可以省略。③who,whom,whose?who在定語從句中作主語,whom是who的賓格,在定語從句中作賓語,而whose則是形容詞性物主代詞,在從句中作定語,如:ThemanwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisanAmericanfriend昨天參觀我們學(xué)校的人是一位美國朋友。Who在定語從句中作主語。又如:Whosthatwoman(whom)youjusttalkedto?你剛才與之談話的那個女人是誰?而whom作定語從句中介詞to的賓語,可以省略,而在現(xiàn)代英語中,句首的whom也常??捎脀ho代替。Thisisourclassmate,Mary,whosehomeisnotfarfromourschool這是我們的同學(xué)瑪麗,她的家離我們學(xué)校不遠。為了便于理解,我們來看看是如何將兩句話并為一句話的。?
1.Isawtheman.Heclosedthedoor??
Isawthemanwho(that)closedthedoor?
2.Thegirlishappy.Shewontherace??
Thegirlwhowontheraceishappy.?
3.ThestudentsarefromChina.Theysitinthefrontrow.??
ThestudentswhositinthefrontrowarefromChina?
(要注意的是先行詞是students則who的數(shù)也應(yīng)看作復(fù)數(shù)。)?
4.Wearestudyingsentences.Theycontainadjectivedause.??
Wearestudyingsentencesthat(which)containadjectivedause??
5.Thetaxidriverwasfriendly.Hetookmetotheairport.??
Thetaxidriverwhotookmetotheairportwasfriendly.??
6.Thebookwasgood.Ireadit??
ThebookthatIreadwasgood.??
ThebookIreadwasgood.??
7.Thepeoplewereverynice.Wevisitedthemyesterday.??
Thepeoplewevisitedyesterdaywereverynice.?
8.Themancalledthepolice.Hiswalletwasstolen.??
Themanwhosewalletwasstolencalledthepolice?
9.Icomefromacountry.Itshistorygoesbackthousandsofyears.??
Icomefromacountrywhosehistorygoesbackthousandsofyears.?
10.Ihavetocalltheman.Ipickeduphisumbrellaafterthemeeting.??
IhavetocallthemanwhoseumbrellaIpickedupafterthemeeting.?
關(guān)系代詞whom,which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時,可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間,有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將whom與which與先行詞緊挨著書寫,而將介詞置于定語從句的后面,如:
Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears或可以寫作:
Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears??
Hewasthemanwhom(who)youwerelookingfor要注意的是此句的關(guān)系代詞whom可以用主格取代,而lookfor是短語動詞也不可將for放于定語從句之前。that作關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語時,不能緊跟介詞,而只能將介詞置于定語從句的后面。如:Themanthatweweretalkingabouthascometoourschool.這時不可用aboutthat…請看下面例句:
1.Themeetingwasinteresting.Iwenttoit.??
ThemeetingthatIwenttowasinteresting.??
2.Themanwasverykind.Italkedtohimyesterday.??
ThemanwhoItalkedtoyesterdaywasverykind?
3.Imustthankthepeople.Igotapresentfromhim.??
ImustthankthepeoplewhoIgotapresentfrom.?
4.Thepicturewasbeautiful.Shewaslookingatit.??
Thepicturethat(which)shewaslookingatwasbeautiful.?
5.Themanisstandingoverthere.Itoldyouabouthim.??
ThemanwhoItoldyouaboutisstandingoverthere?
除關(guān)系代詞外,還有關(guān)系副詞,when,where,why,其中when用來指時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語。如:IneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametotheGreatWall.而where則指地點,如:Thisisthehousewheretheoldmanlives.請看下面例句:
1.Thecitywasbeautiful.Wespentourvacationthere.??
Thecitywherewespentourvacationwasbeautiful?
2.Thatistherestaurant.Iwillmeetyouthere.??
ThatistherestaurantwhereIwillmeetyou?
3.Thetownissmall.Igrewupthere.??
ThetownwhereIgrewupissmall.?
4.Thatisthedrawer.Ikeepmynewspapersthere.??
ThatisthedrawerwhereIkeepmynewspapers.?
5.Mondayistheday.Wewillcomethen.??
MondayisthedayWhenwewillcame?
6.7:05isthetime.Myplanearrivesthen.??
7:05isthetimewhenmyplanearrives.?
7.1960istheyear.Therevolutiontookplacethen.??
1960istheyearwhentherevolutiontookplace.?
8.Julyisthemonth.Theweatherisusuallythehottestthen.??
Julyisthemonthwhentheweatherisusuallythehottest.?
在定語從句中又可分為兩大類定語從句,即限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。?
①限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語,如果去掉的話,主句的意思就不完整,意義就表述不明。這種句型一般定語從句緊接先行詞,如:Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.??
②非限制性定語從句。它與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切,只是對其附加說明,也就是講即便去掉定語從句,句意也不受影響,仍然清晰明了。這樣的定語從句要在它和主句之間加一逗號分開。且關(guān)系代詞不引導(dǎo)這種非限制性定語從句,如:AbrahamLincoln,wholedtheUnitedStatesthroughtheseyears,wasshotonApril14,1865atatheatreinwashingtonD.C.又如:GalileolivedinthecityofPisa,wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh.
中考定語從句復(fù)習導(dǎo)學(xué)案
中考定語從句復(fù)習導(dǎo)學(xué)案
學(xué)科英語課題專項復(fù)習賓語從句
4.28二.知識運用:中考熱點習題(一)
1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake
2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen
3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictionarytoday.
A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are
4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.
A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay
5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.
A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled
習題(二)
1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
2Idontknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.
A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
4Shedidntknow___backsoon.
A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe
5.Idontknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.
A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when
6.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?
A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow
三.小結(jié):賓語從句用法
四.作業(yè):完成今天的課時作業(yè)
課型新課時1教案序號修改日期
學(xué)習
目標1.專項復(fù)習賓語從句用法
2.通過復(fù)習形賓語從句的構(gòu)成及用法,達到靈活運用各種知識的能力
3.通過自主合作,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生合作意識,團結(jié)協(xié)作精神.
重點
難點重點:賓語從句用法
難點:賓語從句的時態(tài)
內(nèi)容設(shè)計區(qū)導(dǎo)學(xué)設(shè)計、
錯題更正區(qū)
一.語法聚焦:賓語從句在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句常由that引導(dǎo),在口語中常省略。當主句中謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r態(tài)時,從句中謂語動詞不受主句中謂語動詞時態(tài)的影響,按需要可以使用任何時態(tài)。如:
Shesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.
Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.
當主句謂語是過去時態(tài),而賓語從句敘述某一客觀真理(事實)時,賓語從句的時態(tài)則用一般現(xiàn)在時。如:
Theteachertoldus(that)nothingdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.
?。╥swas) 老師告訴我們世上無難事只怕有心人。
引出名詞性從句的連詞whether和if,在引出賓語從句時,用法和意義相同。但是只能引出賓語從句和不在句首的主語從句,而whether除了引出賓語從句外,還可引出主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。例如:
Wedontknowwhether(if)itisright.
Thequestioniswhethersheshoulddothat.作成分
Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.試比較:
Idontknowifitistrue.我不知道這事是否真實。從句
IshallgothereifIhavetime.如果我有時間,我將到那兒去。從句。
2015中考英語復(fù)習定語從句考點跟蹤
第35講 定語從句
1.Istillrememberthecollegeandtheteachers__C__IvisitedinLondonyearsago.(2013,安徽)
A.what B.who C.that D.which
2.Theteachersandthestudents__A__cametovisitNanjingMuseumarefromEngland.(2013,合肥)
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whose
3.WhenRobinsonCrusoegottotheisland,thefirstthing__B__hedidwastolookforsomefood.(2014,廣東)
A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom
4.“Underground”istheonlywordintheEnglishlanguage__B__beginsandendswiththeletters“und”.(2014,河南)
A.whatB.thatC.whoD.whom
5.Helikeslowcarbonlife.Helivesinthehouse__C__hebuilthimselfoutoftrash.(2014,十堰)
A.whereB.what
C.whichD.inwhich
近五年來,安徽中考對定語從句的考查頻率不高,但同學(xué)們?nèi)孕枳⒁?,可?015年中考會設(shè)相關(guān)試題。初中階段對定語從句的考查主要集中在定語從句的功能,結(jié)構(gòu)和關(guān)系詞的用法上,重點考查由that,which,who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
高頻考向一 定語從句的關(guān)系詞
定語從句在句中作定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系代詞who,whom,that,which,whose或關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等引出。
①who,whom,that代替的先行詞是指人的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。如:
Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他是想見你的那個人嗎?
Heistheman(who/whom/that)Isawyesterday.他是昨天我看到的那個人。
②which,that代替的先行詞是指代事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。如:
Marylikesmusicthat/whichisquietandgentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。
Thecoat(that/which)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放桌子上的外套是藍色的。
③whose用來指人或物。(只用作定語)如:
Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.請把封面是綠色的那本書遞給我。
④關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why,它們在句中作狀語。如:
Illneverforgetthedayswhenwestudiedtogether.我永遠忘不了我們一起學(xué)習的那些日子。
Thisisthecitywheremyfatherworkedtenyearsago.這是我爸十年前工作的城市。
Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?
你知道他上學(xué)遲到的原因嗎?
—DoyouknowMoYan?
—Ofcourse.Heisthefamouswriter______wontheNobelPrizein2012.
A.whoB.whomC.which
解析:考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。先行詞是writer,指人,且在從句中作主語,故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who。
答案:__A__
Pleasepassmethecartoonbook______hasaMickeyMouseonthecover.
A.whomB.whoseC.whoD.which
解析:先行詞是book,指物,因此關(guān)系詞用which.
答案:__D__
Thisistheprimaryschool______Istudiedthreeyearsago.
A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which
解析:先行詞school在定語從句中作studied的地點狀語。
答案:__A__
高頻考向二 關(guān)系詞只能用that而不用which的情況
①當先行詞前被形容詞最高級修飾時。如:
ThisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgamesthatIhaveeverseen.這是我所看過的最激烈的一場足球賽。
②當先行詞前有一個序數(shù)詞修飾時。如:
Thefirstthingthatyoucoulddowastoturnoffthelight.你首先要做的就是關(guān)燈。
③當先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,none等不定代詞時(something后也可用which)。如:
AllthatwehavetodoforourstudentsistotellthemhowtospeakEnglishinclass.我們要為學(xué)生做的所有的事情就是告訴他們?nèi)绾卧谡n上說英語。
ImgoingtobuyeverythingthatIneed.我要去買我所需要的一切東西。
④當先行詞前面有only,all,any,no等詞修飾時。如:
ThatsallthatIwanttosay.這就是我想說的全部。
⑤當先行詞既有人又有物時。如:
Theyaretalkingaboutthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.他們正在談?wù)撍麄兯芑貞浧饋淼娜嘶蚴隆?/p>
ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplace______Iveevervisited.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what
解析:在先行詞place前有形容詞最高級best修飾,關(guān)系詞只能用that。
答案:__A__
Lookattheboyandhisdog______arecomingthisway.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom
解析:先行詞是由人與物組成時,關(guān)系代詞用that。
答案:__C__
高頻考向三 關(guān)系詞只能用who(whom)而不用that的情況
①當先行詞為all,any或其合成詞或afew且指人時。如:
Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.任何違法的人都會受到懲罰。
②當先行詞為that,this,those或these且指人時。如:
Thosewhohadntboughttheticketsforthetraincrowdedinthewaitinghall.那些還沒買著票的人擁擠在候車廳里。
③當先行詞在定語從句中作賓語或表語時,在口語中用who或whom引導(dǎo)均可,但如直接位于介詞后作賓語時,只能用whom。如:
Theguest(who/whom)Illfirstintroducetoyouisalittlegirl.我首先要介紹給你們的客人是一位小姑娘。
Imetafewfriendsofmine,amongwhomwasmyoldclassmate.我遇見幾位朋友,其中一位是我的老同學(xué)。
Successwillbelongtothose______neversay“impossible”.
A.whomB.whatC.whoD.which
解析:先行詞those,故關(guān)系代詞用who。
答案:__C__
一、單項選擇。
1.Everyonehashisaiminlife.However,youcantgetfatononemouthful.Startwiththeeasiestthing__B__youcancontrol.(2014,哈爾濱)
A.whoB.thatC.which
2.Shirleyisthegirl__C__taughtmehowtouseWechat.(2014,龍東)
A.whomB.whichC.who
3.Yesterdaywasmybirthday.MyfriendsentmeaCD__C__ismadebyHanGeng.(2014,安順)
A.whoB.whatC.whichD.whom
4.Allthestudentsliketheteachers__B__canunderstandthemwell.(2014,孝感)
A.whatB.whoC.whomD.which
5.Couldyoutellmetheresultofthediscussion__A__youhadmadeinthemeetingjustnow?(2014,白銀)
A.thatB.whenC.howD.who
6.AfterMandelawasfree(自由的)in1990,hechosetoshakehandswiththepeople__D__wantedtokillhim.(2014,臨沂)
A.whoseB.whichC./D.who
7.AWechat(微信)isaninvention__A__canhelppeopletalktofriends,sharephotos,ideasandfeelingsfreely.(2014,梅州)
A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.how
8.Lilydoesntknow______sheandherfriendscandotohelpthelittleboy__D__parentshavelefttheirhometownformakingmoney.(2013,蘭州)
A.that;thoseB.how;who
C.what;whoD.what;whose
9.Istillrememberthecollegeandtheteachers__C__IvisitedinLondonyearsago.(2013,安徽)
A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which
10.—Doyouknowthegirl__B__withourEnglishteacheroften?
—Yes,hernameisHelen.(2013,鄂州)
A.whomtotalkB.whotalks
C.whoistalkingD.whomtalks
11.Afriendissomeone__A__says,“What!Youtoo?IthoughtIwastheonlyone!”(2013,河南)
A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose
12.—Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?
—Ilikemusic__D__Icandanceto.(2013,宜賓)
A.becauseB.whenC.whoD.that
13.Illneverforgetthelesson__B__lastyear.(2013,三亞)
A.thatIlearnB.thatIlearned
C.whatIlearnD.whatIlearned
14.Sheisthegirl__D__inventiongotthefirstprizeintheschoolcompetition.(2013,荊州)
A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose
15.—Doyouknowthekidwith__D__Bobistalkingoverthere?
—Yes,itsmycousin.(2012,黃石)
A.whoB.thatC.不填D.whom
16.Therewillbeaflowershowinthepark__D__wevisitedlastweek.(2012,廣東)
A.whoB.whenC.whatD.which
二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
17.Thewomanisinred.Sheismyaunt.(合并為一句)
Thewoman__who_____is__inredismyaunt.
18.Jerrylikesthesongs.Theymakehimexcited.(合并為一句)
Jerrylikesthesongs__that/which_____make__himexcited.
19.Idontknowthegirlunderthetree.(改為含定語從句的復(fù)合句)
Idontknow__the_____girl_____who_____is__underthetree.
20.Thewomanwithabookinherhandisourmathteacher.(改為含定語從句的復(fù)合句)
Thewoman__who_____has_____a_____book__inherhandisourmathteacher.