高中英語定語從句教案

高三英語教案：《定語從句要點(diǎn)專題精講》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)。

經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們，成功是留給有準(zhǔn)備的人。高中教師在教學(xué)前就要準(zhǔn)備好教案，做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。教案可以讓學(xué)生更好地進(jìn)入課堂環(huán)境中來，幫助高中教師更好的完成實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)。關(guān)于好的高中教案要怎么樣去寫呢？下面是由小編為大家整理的“高三英語教案：《定語從句要點(diǎn)專題精講》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)”，希望能對(duì)您有所幫助，請(qǐng)收藏。

本文題目：高三英語語法教案：定語從句要點(diǎn)專題精講

【考綱解讀】

定語從句在歷年的高考全國(guó)卷及各地卷的單項(xiàng)填空中，都是考試熱點(diǎn)。在今后的高考試題中，定語從句仍是考查的重點(diǎn)。

定語從句常被考查的知識(shí)有：(1)九個(gè)不同的關(guān)系代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句;(2)七個(gè)不同的關(guān)系代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句;(3)對(duì)as，which，that，what代詞的理解區(qū)分及運(yùn)用?？疾橥峭ㄟ^關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來實(shí)現(xiàn)，并考查定語從句、狀語從句、名詞性從句的區(qū)別?？傊瑢?duì)定語從句的考查主要集中在關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇上，我們尤其要注意“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】

一、定語從句的意義?

形容詞性從句一般稱為定語從句，在句子中起定語作用，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，有時(shí)可修飾一個(gè)句子。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。?

定語從句的位置：一般置于先行詞之后，由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。??

二、關(guān)系詞的用法?

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有which，that，who，whom，whose。?

關(guān)系副詞有when，where，why等。?

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞不僅有連接先行詞和從句的作用，而且在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。

1.關(guān)系代詞的用法：?

1)由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句?

關(guān)系代詞who只能指人，在從句中作主語或賓語。如：?

A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.?

教師是傳授知識(shí)的人。(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語)?

The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.?

能夠做此工作的人將獲得1000美元。(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語)?

2)由whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句?

關(guān)系代詞whom只能指人，是who的賓格，在從句中作賓語，在口語中常常省略。如：?

The man whom you met on the street is my father.?

你在街上碰到的那個(gè)人是我父親。(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作賓語，可以省略)?

The woman (whom)you talked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow.?

昨天和你談話的那位婦女后天來這兒。(關(guān)系代詞whom在從句中作賓語，可以?省略)??

3)由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句?

關(guān)系代詞that在從句中既可以作主語，又可作賓語;既可指人，又可指物。如：?

She is the woman that often comes here.?

她就是常常來這兒的那個(gè)婦女。(關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語，指人)?

The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather.?

桌子上的那本書是我祖父寫的。(關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語，指物。此句中的that可以用which替換)?

Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能為你做點(diǎn)什么呢?(關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作賓語，指物。此句中的that不能用which替換)?

The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飛機(jī)。(這句的關(guān)系代詞that不能用which替換，因?yàn)樗诖司渲屑戎溉擞种肝??

4)由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句?

關(guān)系代詞which一般指物，在從句中可作主語，也可以作賓語。如：?

He came late，which made the teacher angry.?

他來晚了，這使老師很生氣。(which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，在從句中作主語)?

That is the pencil which I lost yesterday.?

那就是我昨天丟失的鉛筆。(which引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，在從句中作賓語，which可以省略)5)由whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句?

關(guān)系代詞whose是who的所有格，在從句中作定語，既可指人，又可指物。如：?

This is the boy whose parents died last year. 這是那個(gè)父母去年去世的男孩。 (whose作定語，指人)?

注：“whose+名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中既能作主語，又能作賓語。whose 的先行詞常用來指人，但有時(shí)也可以用來指具體事物或抽象概念，這時(shí)可以與of which 結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序是：“名詞+of which”。如：?

They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.(= the back wall of which)他們來到后墻已經(jīng)倒塌的一個(gè)房子。?

He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)他寫了本書，書的名字我徹底忘了。

2.使用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)?

1)當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，許多情況下既可以用that也可以用who，但在下列情況下，宜用who而不用that。?

先行詞是one，ones，anyone時(shí)，宜用who。如：?

Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.?

任何觸犯法律的人都應(yīng)該受到?懲罰。??

先行詞為those時(shí)，宜用who。如：?

Those who want to see the film sign up here. 想看電影的人在這兒簽名。?

一個(gè)句子帶有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用that，另一個(gè)用who。?

The boy that you met at the school gate yesterday morning is our monitor who studies very hard.

昨天早上你在校門口遇到的那個(gè)男孩是我們班學(xué)習(xí)很用功的班長(zhǎng)。?

2)當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，許多情況下，既可以用關(guān)系代詞which，也可用關(guān)系代詞that，但在下列情況中，只能用關(guān)系代詞that，而不用which。?

在there+be 的句型中，句子的主語是先行詞，而且又是物。如：?

There are two novels that I want to read.我要讀的有兩本小說。?

There is no work that can be done now. 沒有什么工作現(xiàn)在能做的了。?

當(dāng)先行詞為主句的表語或者關(guān)系代詞為從句的表語時(shí)。如：?

This is the book that was bought yesterday.這就是昨天買的書。?

Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我們的學(xué)校不再是以前的學(xué)校了。

以Here is (are)開頭的句子時(shí)。如：?

Here is a film that will move anyone.這是一部將使任何人受感動(dòng)的電影。?

Here are two books that I will buy.這是我要買的兩本書。?

It is (high)time+定語從句中。如：?

It is time that we should have a rest.我們應(yīng)該休息了。?

It is high time that they started out.他們?cè)搫?dòng)身了。?

當(dāng)先行詞是way等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that或者in which在定語從句中作方式狀語時(shí)，在口語中，常可省略。如：?

This is the way that my father did this work.這就是我父親做此工作的方式。?

She admired the way in which I answered the questions.她羨慕我回答問題的方式。?

在雙重限定性定語從句中，如果一個(gè)從句用who或者which引導(dǎo)時(shí)，那么另一個(gè)從句用that引導(dǎo)。如：?

He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.?

他是我曾經(jīng)看到過跳的最高的學(xué)生。?

My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn’t far from here.?

我的弟弟在我們的城市最美麗的學(xué)校讀書，并且離這兒不遠(yuǎn)。?

當(dāng)先行詞被the last ，the very 和the only修飾時(shí)。如：?

This is the very pen that I am looking for.這正是我找的鋼筆。?

The only book I want to read is missing.我惟一想看的書不見了。?

在強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中，并且以who，which，what開頭時(shí)。如：?

Who was it that was lost ?究竟是誰迷路了?(此句中，最好不用who來代替that，避免重復(fù))What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了??

當(dāng)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞時(shí)。如：?

You are the first person that I want to ask for. 你是我要見的第一個(gè)人。?

This is the second book that I have ever written.這是我寫的第二本書。?

當(dāng)先行詞被all，every，no，some，few，little，much，both等修飾時(shí)，如：?

This is all that I want to say at the meeting.這就是我在會(huì)上要說的。?

Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值得看的書嗎??

當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。如：?

The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them.?

我聽說的那位教授和他的成就得到他們的贊美。?

Let’s talk about the persons and the things that we can remember.?

讓我們談?wù)撃軌蛳肫鸬娜撕褪隆?

當(dāng)先行詞為anything，everything，nothing時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that,不用which;但用something時(shí)，用which或者that均可。如：?

Everything we have seen in China is moving.我們?cè)谥袊?guó)看見的東西件件感人。?

I have nothing that is worth reading.我沒有什么值得一讀的東西。?

當(dāng)先行詞是疑問代詞who時(shí)。如：?

Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾見過誰能在棋藝上打敗他??

3)that，which，whom在定語從句中作賓語可以省略。如：?

This is the book (which)you were looking for yesterday. 這就是你昨天找的那本書。?

I don’t like the novel (that)you are reading.我不喜歡你看的這本小說。?

4)定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，從句的人稱、數(shù)與先行詞一致。如：?

Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.?

請(qǐng)那些年齡在四十幾歲的人于今天下午去進(jìn)行體檢。?

(先行詞those是復(fù)數(shù)，關(guān)系代詞who也就看作是復(fù)數(shù)，所以從句的謂語動(dòng)詞就用了復(fù)數(shù)形式are了)?

This is the magazine which was sent to me by post.這是通過郵局寄給我的雜志。?

(先行詞the magazine是單數(shù)，關(guān)系代詞which也就看作是單數(shù)，所以從句的謂語動(dòng)詞就用了單數(shù)形式was sent)?

5)定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不要求與主句時(shí)態(tài)一致。如：?

The story which I read last night is very interesting.?

我昨天晚上看的那則故事非常有趣。

3.關(guān)系副詞的用法?

1)when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，它的先行詞通常有time，day，morning，night，week，year 等。如：?

I still remember the time when I first became a college student.?

我仍然記得我成為大學(xué)生的那個(gè)時(shí)刻。?

Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 你知道林肯出生的日期嗎??

注：when時(shí)?？梢允÷?，特別是在某些句型和某些時(shí)間狀語中。如：?

Each time he came，he did his best to help us.每次他來，都盡他所能幫我們。?

2)where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。它的先行詞通常有place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等。如：?

This is the hotel where they are staying.這是他們住的旅館。?

I forget the house where the Smiths lived.我不記得史密斯先生住過的房子了。?

注：where有時(shí)也可以省略。如：?

This is the place (where)we met yesterday. 這是我們昨天見面的地方。?

3)why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。如：?

That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.那就是他為什么要離開的原因。?

注：why時(shí)常也可以省略。如：?

That is the real reason he did it.那就是他做此事的真正原因。

4.使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn)：?

1)這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)：?

when = on (in，at，during...)+which;?

where = in (at，on...)+which;?

why = for which.如：?

I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which)he arrived.?

他到的時(shí)候，當(dāng)時(shí)我正在北京。?

The office where (=in which)he works is on the third floor.?

他工作的辦公室在?三樓。??

This is the chief reason why (=for which)we did it.這是我們做這件事的主要原因。?

2)當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time，day等和表地點(diǎn)的place，house等時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語或賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that,缺少時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，才能用when或where，試比較：?

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.?

我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我的家鄉(xiāng)被解放的那一天。?

I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.?

我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記去年夏天我們共同度過的那段時(shí)光。?

3)when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。而why 只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。??

三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句?

在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞若是表示人時(shí)，就只能用whom;關(guān)系代詞若是表示事物時(shí)，就只能用which。

1.當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)，介詞賓語只能用which (指物)或whom 關(guān)系代詞不能省略。如：

He has found a good job for which he is qualified.?

他找到了一份他能勝任的工作。?

(qualify + 名詞+for意為“使……具有……資格”)?

The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow.?

你剛才與他談話的那個(gè)人明天主持那個(gè)會(huì)議。( talk to+名詞意為“與某人談話”)?

He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents. 他在與房東就那套公寓出租的月租金進(jìn)行磋商。(名詞+rent at+表示價(jià)格的詞意為“某物以某價(jià)格出租”)

2.當(dāng)介詞位于定語從句的末尾時(shí)，可用that/which(指物)，that/whom/who(指人)作介詞的賓語，而且作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞往往省略。如：?

This is the hero (that/who/whom)we are proud of.這就是我們引以為豪的英雄。?

This is the pen ( that/which)I wrote the letter with.這就是我用來寫信的那枝筆。

3.“復(fù)合介詞短語+關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，這種結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句常與先行詞用逗號(hào)分開，定語從句常用倒裝語序。?

He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.?

他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大高樹。?

The monkey crossed the river，in the middle of which he was almost killed.?

那只猴子過了河，在河中央它差點(diǎn)淹死。?

注意：在一些固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語中，由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。如：?

This is the pen which I’m looking for.這正是我在尋找的那枝筆。?

The boys he is looking after are very healthy. 他照看的那些小男孩都很健康。

4.介詞+關(guān)系代詞=關(guān)系副詞?

1)這就是我們?nèi)ツ曜∵^的房間。?

This is the room which we lived in last year.?

This is the room in which we lived last year.?

This is the room where we lived last year.?

2)我仍然記得我入黨的那一天。?

I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.?

I still remember the day when I joined the Party.?

通過對(duì)上述知識(shí)的掌握，對(duì)于一個(gè)句子我們可用不同的表達(dá)方法來表達(dá)。如：?

那就是他工作的大學(xué)。?

四、定語從句的種類以及區(qū)別

1.定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句，現(xiàn)將它們之間的用法及區(qū)別列表如下

限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句

和先行詞的關(guān)系密切(刪去后，影響整個(gè)句子意義的表達(dá)) 和先行詞的關(guān)系不密切(是一種補(bǔ)充說明，刪去后不影響整個(gè)句子意義的表達(dá))

不用逗號(hào)分開 一般使用逗號(hào)分開

可用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo) 不可用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)

可以省略(that，who，which在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語時(shí)可以省略) 不可以省略

可以替代(whom作賓語時(shí)，可用who或that替代) 不能替代

只可以修飾先行詞，不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分 修飾整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分，此時(shí)定語從句前有逗號(hào)分開，只能用which或as引導(dǎo)。

請(qǐng)看下面例句的不同含義：?

限制性：她有兩個(gè)當(dāng)解放軍的兒子。?

She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.?

(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)?

非限制性：她有兩個(gè)兒子，他們都是解放軍。?

She has two sons，who are P.L.A.men.?

(She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.)?

體會(huì)下列非限制性定語從句?

Yesterday I met Li Ping，who seemed to be busy.?

昨天我遇到了李平，他看起來?很忙。??

We will put off the meeting until next week，when we won’t be so busy.?

我們將把會(huì)議推遲到下周舉行，到那時(shí)我們就不會(huì)這么忙了。

2.關(guān)系代詞which與as引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別?

which與as都可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，但它們有許多用法上的區(qū)別，現(xiàn)就此簡(jiǎn)要分析如下：??

1)which與as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別：?

which只能放在主句后面，而as引導(dǎo)的從句位置相對(duì)較靈活，可在前，可在后。如：?

As he realized，I was very useful to him.?

(在前)正像他所意識(shí)到的那樣，我對(duì)他非常有用。?

Air，as we know，is a gas.(在中)空氣，眾所周知，是一種氣體。?

He was a foreigner，as I know from his accent.?

(在后)他是個(gè)外國(guó)人，正像我從他的口音判斷的那樣。?

He came late again，which made his boss angry.?

(在后)他又來晚了，這一點(diǎn)使得老板很生氣。?

在which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞若是am，is，are，則這些系動(dòng)詞不能省略，而as后面若是這種情況，則可以省略。如：?

He is a teacher，as (is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)他是個(gè)老師，這從他的言談舉止可看清楚。?

He said he had never seen her before，which was not true.?

(was 不可省略)他說他從來沒見過她，這一點(diǎn)不對(duì)。?

當(dāng)which引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上近乎并列關(guān)系時(shí)，可以用and this，and that代替，意思是“這件事”。如：?

He changed his mind，which (and this，and that)made me very angry.?

他改變了主意，這使我很生氣。?

She has married again，which (and this，and that)was unexpected.?

出乎意料的是，她又結(jié)婚了。?

而as主要起與上下文連接的作用，表達(dá)說話人的看法、觀點(diǎn)，并指出主句內(nèi)容的出處或根據(jù)等。如：?

Einstein，as we know，is a famous scientist.愛因斯坦，眾所周知，是位偉大的科學(xué)家。?

As is announced in today’s newspaper，we must improve our style of work.?

今天的報(bào)紙上說，我們必須改進(jìn)工作作風(fēng)。?

作主語時(shí)，which既可以作系動(dòng)詞be的主語，也可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語，而as只可以作系動(dòng)詞be的主語。如:?

He married her，which was natural.?

(可用as代替which)他和她結(jié)婚，這是很自然的事。??

He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry，which made him illustrious.?

(不可用as代替which)他獲得了諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，這使他名揚(yáng)天下。?

當(dāng)定語從句位于主句之后，純粹表示主句所述的內(nèi)容，不帶有“如……那樣”的意思時(shí)，往往用which，而不用as。如：?

They were invited to the state banquet，which was a great honor to them.?

他們被邀請(qǐng)參加國(guó)宴，這對(duì)他們來說是莫大的榮幸。?

We had to sleep in our wet clothes，which was most uncomfortable.?

我們不得不穿著濕衣服睡覺，這簡(jiǎn)直太不舒服了。?

Mummy always treats me just like a baby，which I can’t bear.?

媽媽老把我當(dāng)成小孩子對(duì)待，這讓我無法忍受。?

當(dāng)定語從句有“如同……那樣”的意思時(shí)，用as比用which更常見，而這些從句幾乎成為固定說法。如：

Things will turn out contrary to one’s wishes，as is often the case.?

事與愿違，這是常有的事。?

As was natural， this inordinate hope was followed by an excessive depression.?

這種過分希望之后，接著是極度的沮喪，是很自然的事。?

Chaucer is buried in “Poet’s Corner”，as might have been expected.?

正如人們已經(jīng)預(yù)料的，喬叟被葬在“詩人角”。?

The material is elastic，as is show in the figure.這種材料有彈性，如圖所示。?

as we know眾所周知?

as has been said above/before正如前文所述?

as has been pointed out正如已經(jīng)指出的?

as might be imagined可以想像得到?

當(dāng)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞指的是先行詞本身時(shí)，只能用which。如：?

These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.?

這些蘋果樹是我三年前種下的，沒結(jié)出任何果實(shí)。?

The Thames，which is now clean enough to swim in，was polluted for over a hundred years.?

泰晤士河，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)很干凈，可以在里面游泳，它曾被污染了一百多年。?

帶介詞的典型的定語從句，必須用which，不能用as。如：?

There is a great deal of oxygen around us，without which we could not live.我們周圍有許多氧氣，沒有它我們就無法生存。?

The shed in our garden，in which we often played，has lasted for a long time.?

我們經(jīng)常玩耍的花園里的那個(gè)棚子，已經(jīng)有很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。?

2)引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí)which與as的區(qū)別：?

先行詞如為表示物的名詞或代詞，在從句中又作介詞的賓語時(shí)，只能用which。如：?

This is the pan in which I boiled the milk. 這就是我煮牛奶的鍋。?

前面有as時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用as，不用which。如：?

There are as many dictionaries as are needed.所需要的字典都有了。?

前面有such時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用as,不用which。如：?

Such women as know Tom thought he was charming.?

認(rèn)識(shí)湯姆的女人都認(rèn)為他很?迷人。??

I have never heard such stories as he tells.他講的那些故事我從沒聽過。?

He is not such a man as I expected.他不是我期望的那種人。?

前面有the same時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用as而不用which。如：?

We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.?

我們正面臨著和多年以前同樣的困難。?

This is the same wallet as I lost.這只錢包與我丟失的那只相同。?

I have the same trouble as you have.我和你有著同樣的困難。?

總之，which與as引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別要在實(shí)踐中多體會(huì)，體會(huì)多了，才能正確運(yùn)用。??五、定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞與先行詞保持一致的問題

1.one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)形動(dòng)詞。如：?

Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.《泰坦尼克號(hào)》是在好萊塢拍的最好的電影之一。?

2.the (only)one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)形動(dòng)詞。如：?

The Great Wall is the (only)one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.?

長(zhǎng)城是地球上惟一一個(gè)從月球上能夠看到的建筑。?

3.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞as或which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾主句內(nèi)容時(shí)，若as或which作主語，則從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：?

Great changes have taken place in China，as is known to all.?

中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化，眾所周知。?

4.其他情況?

I，who am your teacher，will try my best to help you.我，你的老師，要盡全力幫助你。?

To own a colour TV set in each family，which we thought was impossible twenty years ago，now becomes true.?

每家擁有一臺(tái)彩電，這在20年前我們認(rèn)為不可能的事情，現(xiàn)在變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。?

Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about??

你聽說了他們談?wù)摰娜撕褪铝藛???

【考點(diǎn)詮釋】

定語從句

考點(diǎn)1 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom”中介詞和關(guān)系代詞的選擇

介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞為歷年高考考查的重點(diǎn)，一般來講有兩個(gè)：指人時(shí)只能用whom，指物時(shí)只能用which。當(dāng)然關(guān)系代詞作定語時(shí)也可用whose。如：

①The pen with which he wrote was made in China.他寫字用的鋼筆是中國(guó)制造的。

②The train on which Tom travelled to Canada was very fast.湯姆到加拿大去時(shí)乘坐的火車速度非?？?。

③The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.那位老師對(duì)他的學(xué)生非常有耐心，他家的房子前面有一棵大樹。

考點(diǎn)2 as與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的判定

1.as引導(dǎo)的從句表示說話人對(duì)話語的看法、態(tài)度、解釋或評(píng)論。

(1)此時(shí)的as意為“正如……，正像……”。翻譯時(shí)有時(shí)可不必譯出。如：

You are clever，as all those who know you can see.你很聰明，所有認(rèn)識(shí)你的人都能看出來。

(2)在句法上，as常用作一些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(如see，know，hear，watch，remember，say，tell，show，expect，guess等)的賓語，這類動(dòng)詞與as幾乎成了一種固定搭配。如：

As we all know，China is becoming stronger and stronger.眾所周知，中國(guó)正變得越來越強(qiáng)大。

(3)as引導(dǎo)的從句可以前置(而which引導(dǎo)的從句則不可)。如：

As is a fact，Mike is expected to make a top student.這是一個(gè)事實(shí)，邁克有望成為一名頂尖的學(xué)生。

特別提示

主句中出現(xiàn)the same，such，so修飾先行詞時(shí)，要選擇as作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，此時(shí)as引導(dǎo)的是限制性定語從句。另外要注意：

(1)the same…that與the same…as引導(dǎo)的定語從句在意義上的區(qū)別：前者修飾的名詞與原物是同一個(gè)東西;而后者修飾的是與先行詞同類型的另一樣?xùn)|西。試比較：

①This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.這正是我昨天丟失的那個(gè)書包。(同一個(gè)書包)

②This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.這個(gè)書包和我昨天丟失的那個(gè)一樣。(同類型的另一個(gè))

(2)such/so…as…和such /so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)不同，as引導(dǎo)定語從句，而that引導(dǎo)狀語從句。如：

①They talked in such simple English as children could understand.他們用孩子們能聽懂的簡(jiǎn)單的英語交談。(定語從句，as代替先行詞simple English作understand的賓語)

②He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.他如此用力地關(guān)窗，結(jié)果玻璃碎了。(結(jié)果狀語從句，that引導(dǎo)的從句表示用力關(guān)窗導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果)

2.which引導(dǎo)的此類從句對(duì)主句所敘述的事情進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，表明事物的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。

(1)which此時(shí)指前面主句所提到的，常譯為“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”等。主句與從句通常要用逗號(hào)隔開，且從句只能位于被修飾句子的后面。如：

He works very well，which makes his boss satisfied.他工作干得不錯(cuò).，這使得他的老板很滿意。

(2)which在句法上一般用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語，這時(shí)它所引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間常含有并列、因果關(guān)系。如：

She succeeded in the competition，which satisfied her parents.她在比賽中取得成功，這使得她的父母很滿意。

(3)在從句中作定語或介詞的賓語時(shí)，要用which。如：He often works far into the night，by which time everyone else has left the office.他通常工作到深夜，到那時(shí)其他人

已下班了。

特別提示

高考一般不考查as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別，但近年高考試題中出現(xiàn)過這個(gè)考點(diǎn)。一般來說，如果從句的含義是順接主句的敘述，那么這兩個(gè)詞都可以使用;如果從句的含義是對(duì)主句的否定，或者語意不是順接的，則只能用which。如：

①He came late to school，which/as was what we had expected.他上學(xué)遲到了，這是我們意料中的。

②He came late to school，which surprised US a11.他上學(xué)遲到了，這讓我們所有人都很驚訝。(不可用as)

考點(diǎn)3 關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的辨別

關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語;而關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等狀語。一般來說，關(guān)系副詞在語義上相當(dāng)于”介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較：

①I’ll never forget the days which I spent with you.我不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)谝黄鸲冗^的歲月。(which在定語從句中作spent的賓語)

②I’ll never forget the days when(=in which)we studied in Beijing.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們一起在北京學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)光。(when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，studied在此處為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不再接賓語)

考點(diǎn)4 定語從句的間隔現(xiàn)象

定語從句一般緊接被它修飾的先行詞，但有時(shí)候它和先行詞之間有可能插入其他成分，使它與先行詞分隔開來，這種定語從句叫做被分隔的定語從句。在這種情況下，對(duì)關(guān)系詞的準(zhǔn)確判斷顯得相當(dāng)重要，而且在閱讀文章時(shí)會(huì)經(jīng)常遇到這種情況，在閱讀時(shí)要注意識(shí)別。一般來說，定語從句被分割開來大致有以下三種情況：在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個(gè)狀語、定語，或被謂語動(dòng)詞分隔開。如：

①Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?你還記得十年前的一天下午，我來到你家，找你借了一條鉆石項(xiàng)鏈嗎?

(先行詞one afternoon與定語從句被狀語ten years ago分隔開了)

②A new teacher will eOlTle tomorrow who will teach you German.明天，一位新老師將來教你們德語。(先行詞a new teacher與定語從句被謂語部分和時(shí)間狀語will come tomorrow隔開了)關(guān)系代詞在下列情況下常省略：(1)作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí);(2)作介詞的賓語，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞與介詞分開使用時(shí)，可以省略。但若是關(guān)系代詞與介詞連用，則不能省略。如：

①The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(作動(dòng)詞put的賓語)

②who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to?正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作介詞to的賓語)

③Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰那兒借的這本英文小說。(關(guān)系代詞不能省略)

有些句型結(jié)構(gòu)如同位語從句、狀語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)較相似，稍不認(rèn)真就會(huì)出錯(cuò)。

1.定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別

定語從句是對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制，屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語從句是對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一一步說明和解釋，屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如：

①He makes a promise that if he Call get the job，he will work hard to make as much money as he can for the eompany.他許諾如果他能獲得那份工作，他將努力為公司掙盡可能多的

錢。(that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句是對(duì)先行詞a promise的進(jìn)一步解釋和說明)

②Mike’s parents made a special promise to Tom that surprisedTom.邁克的父母對(duì)湯姆許下了一個(gè)特別的諾言，這使得湯姆很驚奇。(that引導(dǎo)的定語從句是對(duì)先行詞promise的修飾和限制)

2.定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別

定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判斷方法：若將句中的“It is/was…that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，說明原句是強(qiáng)

調(diào)句。如：

It was in 1 998 that the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi.在1998年，洪水毀壞了江西地區(qū)很多的房屋。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

(判斷方法：如果去掉it was和that，剩下in 1998 the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi，句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，可判定原句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

3.定語從句與狀語從句的區(qū)別

定語從句在句子中作定語，修飾名詞、代詞或句子;并且，這個(gè)被修飾的名詞、代詞或句子稱為先行詞，通常放在定語從句之前。狀語從句在句子中作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞;通常不同的狀語從句有不同的連詞，位置較靈活，通常放在句首或句末，有時(shí)也放在句中。

以where為例來說明：

①Let’s have a short meeting where we met last time.我們?cè)谏洗我娒娴牡胤介_個(gè)短會(huì)吧。(Where we met last time是地點(diǎn)狀語從句，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，表示開會(huì)的地方)

②This is the place where we had a meeting last time.這就是我們上次開會(huì)的地方。(Where we had a meeting last time是定語從句，在句中作定語修飾the place)

【試題放送】

【2012山東卷】23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.

A. them B. that

C. which D. what

【答案】

【解析】此處先行詞是two novels，后面是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句且介詞前置，因此用both of which引導(dǎo)。句意：Maria寫了兩部小說，兩部都被拍成了電視劇。

【考點(diǎn)】考查非限制性定語從句的用法。

【2012福建卷】23. The air quality in the city, ________is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.

A. that B. it C. as D. what

【考點(diǎn)】本題考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞

【答案】C

【解析】本句難點(diǎn)是把定語從句分割出來放在句首就很明了了，把句子轉(zhuǎn)換成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞放句首指的是下文所提到的一句話用as引導(dǎo)“正如在 所寫的那樣”。

【2012安徽卷】29. Alot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

A. as B. it C. which D. This

【答案】A

【解析】如果選擇B或D 就出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)句子了。本題考查非限制性定語從句,關(guān)系代詞指整個(gè)一句話Alot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。傳統(tǒng)考法是直接把從句放在句首，我不知道這里是不是算作句首，我相信學(xué)生們也會(huì)是一頭霧水吧。【as用在句首，which用在句末，正確答案應(yīng)該是A】

【考點(diǎn)】考查定語從句。

【2012北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

【答案】 B

【考點(diǎn)】非限制性定語從句，which作表語。

【2012全國(guó)II】8. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.

A. that B. which C. what D. when

【答案】B

【解析】這里that evening是先行詞，其在定語從句中作介詞about的賓語，所以用which。句意：以后我將和你談起的那個(gè)晚上，我工作到了很晚。

【考點(diǎn)】考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞。

【2012屆廣西桂林市、崇左市、百色市、防城港市高考聯(lián)合調(diào)研】32.—We’ll take the conditions into careful consideration you have attached to this contract.

—Thanks. Hope for further cooperation.

A.as B.which C.where D.what

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處the conditions是先行詞，其在定語從句中作to的賓語。故用which。

【河南省鄭州市2012屆英語信息卷(三)】13. Do you remember a certain occasion ______ you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand.

A. where B. which C. why D. when

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。根據(jù)后面的時(shí)間短語at that moment可知occasion指時(shí)間，故要使用關(guān)系副詞when，相當(dāng)于at which time。

【2012屆保定市高三第一次模擬】32. Lisa，I guess we'd better fix a navigational aid(導(dǎo)航儀)to the car_________we can find our way easily.

A. which B. that C. from which D. with which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處a navigational aid為先行詞，其在定語從句中作with的賓語。句意：麗薩，我認(rèn)為我們最好在車上安裝導(dǎo)航儀，用它我們能容易地找到路。

【2012屆河北省邯鄲市高三第一次模擬考試】26. Leave him a note at the reception desk, he will learn how to find you.

A. which B. from which C. with which D. on which

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處a note是先行詞，其在定語從句中作from的賓語。

相當(dāng)于：he will learn how to find you from the note。

【2012屆河北省普通高考模擬】26.-----How about your job-hunting?

-----No luck.Now，I’ve reached the stage________I don’t care what I do.

A. which B. where C.when D. that

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處the stage是先行詞，其在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。句意：現(xiàn)在我到了我不關(guān)心做什么的境地。

【2012屆四川省成都石室中學(xué)高三二診模擬】7.A turning point of the continuously high housing price won't appear suddenly because there must be a certain process ___ many factors lead to the change.

A.which B.what C.where D.that

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處process作先行詞，其在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where。

【2012屆四川省成都石室中學(xué)高三二診模擬】10.Jane's struggle to make a place for herself in the music circle is the kind of life story___a fascinating novel might be written.

A.where B.by whom C.for what D.about which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處life story是先行詞，其后是介詞前置的定語從句。相當(dāng)于a fascinating novel might be written about the story。

【2012屆江西省六校聯(lián)考】26. More teens are smoking in Beijing, ______ the number of primary and middle school students picking up the habit has more than doubled from previous years.

A. which B. when C. where D. that

【答案】 C

【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。Beijing 是先行詞，在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，因此用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。

【2012屆浙江杭州重點(diǎn)高中原創(chuàng)模擬】17. Judging from his face_______ there was a confident smile, we knew that he didn’t lose heart.

A. in which B. from which C. by which D. on which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法。a confident smile on his face.句意為：從他臉上自信的笑容來判斷，我們知道他沒灰心。故選D。

【2012屆浙江杭州重點(diǎn)高中原創(chuàng)模擬】19. We have spotted the location, _______ we thought is the site of Emperor Qin Shihuang.

A. that B. what C. which D. where

【答案】C 考查定語從句。分析句子可知空格出引導(dǎo)定語從句，we thought 是插入語，從句缺少主語，應(yīng)考慮用關(guān)系代詞，又是非限制性定語從句，故選C。

【2012屆浙江省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體4月調(diào)研】14. ---When did the young man save you?

---January 1st,2000, the first day of the new century,_______ I can never forget.

A. when B. which C. that D. where

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞。先行詞the first day在定語從句中作賓語。

延伸閱讀

高三英語教案：《定語從句復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

一名優(yōu)秀負(fù)責(zé)的教師就要對(duì)每一位學(xué)生盡職盡責(zé)，作為教師就要精心準(zhǔn)備好合適的教案。教案可以讓講的知識(shí)能夠輕松被學(xué)生吸收，幫助教師掌握上課時(shí)的教學(xué)節(jié)奏。那么如何寫好我們的教案呢？小編收集并整理了“高三英語教案：《定語從句復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)”，歡迎閱讀，希望您能閱讀并收藏。

本文題目：高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)教案：定語從句復(fù)習(xí)教案

出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。

18.1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

1)who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

2) whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換)。例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.　請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。

3)which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語)

The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語)

18.2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。

1)關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。

Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born.　北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?　這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

2)that代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介+which"引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略。例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.　他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.

他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。

18.3 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。

判斷改錯(cuò)：

(錯(cuò)) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

(錯(cuò)) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

(對(duì)) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

(對(duì)) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。

方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where　B. that　 C. on whichD. the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。

關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語，when 時(shí)間狀語，why 原因狀語) 。

18.4 限制性和非限制性定語從句

1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開。例如：

This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。(限制性)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.

這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。(非限制性)

2) 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.

查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.

我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。

3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.

他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。

說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

18.5 介詞+關(guān)系詞

1)介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。

2)that前不能有介詞。

3)某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住過的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

18.6 as, which 非限定性定語從句

由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太陽使地球暖起來，這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?/p>

典型例題

1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it　 B. that　 C. whichD. he

答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。

2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。

3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that　B. whichC. as　 D. it

答案B. as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：

(1)as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2) as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必須是系動(dòng)詞;若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。

as 的用法

例1. the same…as;such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。例如：

I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。

例2. as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語;例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。

18.7 先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一

1) Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2) The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)

18.8 what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever

1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything。例如：

What you want has been sent here. 你要的動(dòng)詞都送來了。

Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么，跟我沒什么關(guān)系。

2) who= the person that　 whoever= anyone who。例如：

(錯(cuò))Who breaks the law will be punished.

(錯(cuò))Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.

(對(duì))Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法，與庶民同罪。

(對(duì))Who robbed the bank is not clear. 誰搶了銀行還不清楚。

3) that 和 what

當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，通常用作關(guān)系代詞，而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，是個(gè)不充當(dāng)任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that?？墒÷浴hat只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。例如：

I think(that)you will like the stamps. 我想你會(huì)喜歡這些郵票的。

What we need is more practice. 我們需要的是更多的實(shí)踐。

18.9 關(guān)系代詞that 的用法

1)不用that的情況

a) 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。例如：

(錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b) 介詞后不能用。例如：

We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我們依賴土地獲得食物。

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

a)　在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b)　在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。

c)　先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí)，只用that。

d)　先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。.

e)　先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。例如：

All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油問題。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。

高三英語教案：《語法定語從句》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

【考綱解讀】

定語從句在歷年的高考全國(guó)卷及各地卷的單項(xiàng)填空中，都是考試熱點(diǎn)。在今后的高考試題中，定語從句仍是考查的重點(diǎn)。

定語從句常被考查的知識(shí)有：(1)九個(gè)不同的關(guān)系代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句;(2)七個(gè)不同的關(guān)系代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句;(3)對(duì)as，which，that，what代詞的理解區(qū)分及運(yùn)用?？疾橥峭ㄟ^關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來實(shí)現(xiàn)，并考查定語從句、狀語從句、名詞性從句的區(qū)別?？傊?，對(duì)定語從句的考查主要集中在關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇上，我們尤其要注意“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】

一、定語從句的意義?

形容詞性從句一般稱為定語從句，在句子中起定語作用，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，有時(shí)可修飾一個(gè)句子。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。?

定語從句的位置：一般置于先行詞之后，由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。??

二、關(guān)系詞的用法?

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有which，that，who，whom，whose。?

關(guān)系副詞有when，where，why等。?

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞不僅有連接先行詞和從句的作用，而且在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。

1.關(guān)系代詞的用法：?

1)由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句?

關(guān)系代詞who只能指人，在從句中作主語或賓語。如：?

A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.?

教師是傳授知識(shí)的人。(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語)?

The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.?

能夠做此工作的人將獲得1000美元。(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語)?

2)由whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句?

關(guān)系代詞whom只能指人，是who的賓格，在從句中作賓語，在口語中常常省略。如：?

The man whom you met on the street is my father.?

你在街上碰到的那個(gè)人是我父親。(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作賓語，可以省略)?

The woman (whom)you talked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow.?

昨天和你談話的那位婦女后天來這兒。(關(guān)系代詞whom在從句中作賓語，可以?省略)??

3)由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句?

關(guān)系代詞that在從句中既可以作主語，又可作賓語;既可指人，又可指物。如：?

She is the woman that often comes here.?

她就是常常來這兒的那個(gè)婦女。(關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語，指人)?

The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather.?

桌子上的那本書是我祖父寫的。(關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語，指物。此句中的that可以用which替換)?

Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能為你做點(diǎn)什么呢?(關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作賓語，指物。此句中的that不能用which替換)?

The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飛機(jī)。(這句的關(guān)系代詞that不能用which替換，因?yàn)樗诖司渲屑戎溉擞种肝??

4)由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句?

關(guān)系代詞which一般指物，在從句中可作主語，也可以作賓語。如：?

He came late，which made the teacher angry.?

他來晚了，這使老師很生氣。(which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，在從句中作主語)?

That is the pencil which I lost yesterday.?

那就是我昨天丟失的鉛筆。(which引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，在從句中作賓語，which可以省略)5)由whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句?

關(guān)系代詞whose是who的所有格，在從句中作定語，既可指人，又可指物。如：?

This is the boy whose parents died last year. 這是那個(gè)父母去年去世的男孩。 (whose作定語，指人)?

注：“whose+名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中既能作主語，又能作賓語。whose 的先行詞常用來指人，但有時(shí)也可以用來指具體事物或抽象概念，這時(shí)可以與of which 結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序是：“名詞+of which”。如：?

They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.(= the back wall of which)他們來到后墻已經(jīng)倒塌的一個(gè)房子。?

He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)他寫了本書，書的名字我徹底忘了。

2.使用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)?

1)當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，許多情況下既可以用that也可以用who，但在下列情況下，宜用who而不用that。?

先行詞是one，ones，anyone時(shí)，宜用who。如：?

Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.?

任何觸犯法律的人都應(yīng)該受到?懲罰。??

先行詞為those時(shí)，宜用who。如：?

Those who want to see the film sign up here. 想看電影的人在這兒簽名。?

一個(gè)句子帶有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用that，另一個(gè)用who。?

The boy that you met at the school gate yesterday morning is our monitor who studies very hard.

昨天早上你在校門口遇到的那個(gè)男孩是我們班學(xué)習(xí)很用功的班長(zhǎng)。?

2)當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，許多情況下，既可以用關(guān)系代詞which，也可用關(guān)系代詞that，但在下列情況中，只能用關(guān)系代詞that，而不用which。?

在there+be 的句型中，句子的主語是先行詞，而且又是物。如：?

There are two novels that I want to read.我要讀的有兩本小說。?

There is no work that can be done now. 沒有什么工作現(xiàn)在能做的了。?

當(dāng)先行詞為主句的表語或者關(guān)系代詞為從句的表語時(shí)。如：?

This is the book that was bought yesterday.這就是昨天買的書。?

Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我們的學(xué)校不再是以前的學(xué)校了。

以Here is (are)開頭的句子時(shí)。如：?

Here is a film that will move anyone.這是一部將使任何人受感動(dòng)的電影。?

Here are two books that I will buy.這是我要買的兩本書。?

It is (high)time+定語從句中。如：?

It is time that we should have a rest.我們應(yīng)該休息了。?

It is high time that they started out.他們?cè)搫?dòng)身了。?

當(dāng)先行詞是way等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that或者in which在定語從句中作方式狀語時(shí)，在口語中，常可省略。如：?

This is the way that my father did this work.這就是我父親做此工作的方式。?

She admired the way in which I answered the questions.她羨慕我回答問題的方式。?

在雙重限定性定語從句中，如果一個(gè)從句用who或者which引導(dǎo)時(shí)，那么另一個(gè)從句用that引導(dǎo)。如：?

He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.?

他是我曾經(jīng)看到過跳的最高的學(xué)生。?

My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn’t far from here.?

我的弟弟在我們的城市最美麗的學(xué)校讀書，并且離這兒不遠(yuǎn)。?

當(dāng)先行詞被the last ，the very 和the only修飾時(shí)。如：?

This is the very pen that I am looking for.這正是我找的鋼筆。?

The only book I want to read is missing.我惟一想看的書不見了。?

在強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中，并且以who，which，what開頭時(shí)。如：?

Who was it that was lost ?究竟是誰迷路了?(此句中，最好不用who來代替that，避免重復(fù))What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了??

當(dāng)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞時(shí)。如：?

You are the first person that I want to ask for. 你是我要見的第一個(gè)人。?

This is the second book that I have ever written.這是我寫的第二本書。?

當(dāng)先行詞被all，every，no，some，few，little，much，both等修飾時(shí)，如：?

This is all that I want to say at the meeting.這就是我在會(huì)上要說的。?

Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值得看的書嗎??

當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。如：?

The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them.?

我聽說的那位教授和他的成就得到他們的贊美。?

Let’s talk about the persons and the things that we can remember.?

讓我們談?wù)撃軌蛳肫鸬娜撕褪隆?

當(dāng)先行詞為anything，everything，nothing時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that,不用which;但用something時(shí)，用which或者that均可。如：?

Everything we have seen in China is moving.我們?cè)谥袊?guó)看見的東西件件感人。?

I have nothing that is worth reading.我沒有什么值得一讀的東西。?

當(dāng)先行詞是疑問代詞who時(shí)。如：?

Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾見過誰能在棋藝上打敗他??

3)that，which，whom在定語從句中作賓語可以省略。如：?

This is the book (which)you were looking for yesterday. 這就是你昨天找的那本書。?

I don’t like the novel (that)you are reading.我不喜歡你看的這本小說。?

4)定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，從句的人稱、數(shù)與先行詞一致。如：?

Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.?

請(qǐng)那些年齡在四十幾歲的人于今天下午去進(jìn)行體檢。?

(先行詞those是復(fù)數(shù)，關(guān)系代詞who也就看作是復(fù)數(shù)，所以從句的謂語動(dòng)詞就用了復(fù)數(shù)形式are了)?

This is the magazine which was sent to me by post.這是通過郵局寄給我的雜志。?

(先行詞the magazine是單數(shù)，關(guān)系代詞which也就看作是單數(shù)，所以從句的謂語動(dòng)詞就用了單數(shù)形式was sent)?

5)定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不要求與主句時(shí)態(tài)一致。如：?

The story which I read last night is very interesting.?

我昨天晚上看的那則故事非常有趣。

3.關(guān)系副詞的用法?

1)when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，它的先行詞通常有time，day，morning，night，week，year 等。如：?

I still remember the time when I first became a college student.?

我仍然記得我成為大學(xué)生的那個(gè)時(shí)刻。?

Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 你知道林肯出生的日期嗎??

注：when時(shí)常可以省略，特別是在某些句型和某些時(shí)間狀語中。如：?

Each time he came，he did his best to help us.每次他來，都盡他所能幫我們。?

2)where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。它的先行詞通常有place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等。如：?

This is the hotel where they are staying.這是他們住的旅館。?

I forget the house where the Smiths lived.我不記得史密斯先生住過的房子了。?

注：where有時(shí)也可以省略。如：?

This is the place (where)we met yesterday. 這是我們昨天見面的地方。?

3)why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。如：?

That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.那就是他為什么要離開的原因。?

注：why時(shí)常也可以省略。如：?

That is the real reason he did it.那就是他做此事的真正原因。

4.使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn)：?

1)這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)：?

when = on (in，at，during...)+which;?

where = in (at，on...)+which;?

why = for which.如：?

I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which)he arrived.?

他到的時(shí)候，當(dāng)時(shí)我正在北京。?

The office where (=in which)he works is on the third floor.?

他工作的辦公室在?三樓。??

This is the chief reason why (=for which)we did it.這是我們做這件事的主要原因。?

2)當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time，day等和表地點(diǎn)的place，house等時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語或賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that,缺少時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，才能用when或where，試比較：?

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.?

我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我的家鄉(xiāng)被解放的那一天。?

I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.?

我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記去年夏天我們共同度過的那段時(shí)光。?

3)when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。而why 只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。??

三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句?

在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞若是表示人時(shí)，就只能用whom;關(guān)系代詞若是表示事物時(shí)，就只能用which。

1.當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)，介詞賓語只能用which (指物)或whom 關(guān)系代詞不能省略。如：

He has found a good job for which he is qualified.?

他找到了一份他能勝任的工作。?

(qualify + 名詞+for意為“使……具有……資格”)?

The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow.?

你剛才與他談話的那個(gè)人明天主持那個(gè)會(huì)議。( talk to+名詞意為“與某人談話”)?

He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents. 他在與房東就那套公寓出租的月租金進(jìn)行磋商。(名詞+rent at+表示價(jià)格的詞意為“某物以某價(jià)格出租”)

2.當(dāng)介詞位于定語從句的末尾時(shí)，可用that/which(指物)，that/whom/who(指人)作介詞的賓語，而且作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞往往省略。如：?

This is the hero (that/who/whom)we are proud of.這就是我們引以為豪的英雄。?

This is the pen ( that/which)I wrote the letter with.這就是我用來寫信的那枝筆。

3.“復(fù)合介詞短語+關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，這種結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句常與先行詞用逗號(hào)分開，定語從句常用倒裝語序。?

He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.?

他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大高樹。?

The monkey crossed the river，in the middle of which he was almost killed.?

那只猴子過了河，在河中央它差點(diǎn)淹死。?

注意：在一些固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語中，由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。如：?

This is the pen which I’m looking for.這正是我在尋找的那枝筆。?

The boys he is looking after are very healthy. 他照看的那些小男孩都很健康。

4.介詞+關(guān)系代詞=關(guān)系副詞?

1)這就是我們?nèi)ツ曜∵^的房間。?

This is the room which we lived in last year.?

This is the room in which we lived last year.?

This is the room where we lived last year.?

2)我仍然記得我入黨的那一天。?

I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.?

I still remember the day when I joined the Party.?

通過對(duì)上述知識(shí)的掌握，對(duì)于一個(gè)句子我們可用不同的表達(dá)方法來表達(dá)。如：?

那就是他工作的大學(xué)。?

四、定語從句的種類以及區(qū)別

1.定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句，現(xiàn)將它們之間的用法及區(qū)別列表如下

限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句

和先行詞的關(guān)系密切(刪去后，影響整個(gè)句子意義的表達(dá)) 和先行詞的關(guān)系不密切(是一種補(bǔ)充說明，刪去后不影響整個(gè)句子意義的表達(dá))

不用逗號(hào)分開 一般使用逗號(hào)分開

可用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo) 不可用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)

可以省略(that，who，which在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語時(shí)可以省略) 不可以省略

可以替代(whom作賓語時(shí)，可用who或that替代) 不能替代

只可以修飾先行詞，不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分 修飾整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分，此時(shí)定語從句前有逗號(hào)分開，只能用which或as引導(dǎo)。

請(qǐng)看下面例句的不同含義：?

限制性：她有兩個(gè)當(dāng)解放軍的兒子。?

She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.?

(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)?

非限制性：她有兩個(gè)兒子，他們都是解放軍。?

She has two sons，who are P.L.A.men.?

(She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.)?

體會(huì)下列非限制性定語從句?

Yesterday I met Li Ping，who seemed to be busy.?

昨天我遇到了李平，他看起來?很忙。??

We will put off the meeting until next week，when we won’t be so busy.?

我們將把會(huì)議推遲到下周舉行，到那時(shí)我們就不會(huì)這么忙了。

2.關(guān)系代詞which與as引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別?

which與as都可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，但它們有許多用法上的區(qū)別，現(xiàn)就此簡(jiǎn)要分析如下：??

1)which與as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別：?

which只能放在主句后面，而as引導(dǎo)的從句位置相對(duì)較靈活，可在前，可在后。如：?

As he realized，I was very useful to him.?

(在前)正像他所意識(shí)到的那樣，我對(duì)他非常有用。?

Air，as we know，is a gas.(在中)空氣，眾所周知，是一種氣體。?

He was a foreigner，as I know from his accent.?

(在后)他是個(gè)外國(guó)人，正像我從他的口音判斷的那樣。?

He came late again，which made his boss angry.?

(在后)他又來晚了，這一點(diǎn)使得老板很生氣。?

在which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞若是am，is，are，則這些系動(dòng)詞不能省略，而as后面若是這種情況，則可以省略。如：?

He is a teacher，as (is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)他是個(gè)老師，這從他的言談舉止可看清楚。?

He said he had never seen her before，which was not true.?

(was 不可省略)他說他從來沒見過她，這一點(diǎn)不對(duì)。?

當(dāng)which引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上近乎并列關(guān)系時(shí)，可以用and this，and that代替，意思是“這件事”。如：?

He changed his mind，which (and this，and that)made me very angry.?

他改變了主意，這使我很生氣。?

She has married again，which (and this，and that)was unexpected.?

出乎意料的是，她又結(jié)婚了。?

而as主要起與上下文連接的作用，表達(dá)說話人的看法、觀點(diǎn)，并指出主句內(nèi)容的出處或根據(jù)等。如：?

Einstein，as we know，is a famous scientist.愛因斯坦，眾所周知，是位偉大的科學(xué)家。?

As is announced in today’s newspaper，we must improve our style of work.?

今天的報(bào)紙上說，我們必須改進(jìn)工作作風(fēng)。?

作主語時(shí)，which既可以作系動(dòng)詞be的主語，也可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語，而as只可以作系動(dòng)詞be的主語。如:?

He married her，which was natural.?

(可用as代替which)他和她結(jié)婚，這是很自然的事。??

He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry，which made him illustrious.?

(不可用as代替which)他獲得了諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，這使他名揚(yáng)天下。?

當(dāng)定語從句位于主句之后，純粹表示主句所述的內(nèi)容，不帶有“如……那樣”的意思時(shí)，往往用which，而不用as。如：?

They were invited to the state banquet，which was a great honor to them.?

他們被邀請(qǐng)參加國(guó)宴，這對(duì)他們來說是莫大的榮幸。?

We had to sleep in our wet clothes，which was most uncomfortable.?

我們不得不穿著濕衣服睡覺，這簡(jiǎn)直太不舒服了。?

Mummy always treats me just like a baby，which I can’t bear.?

媽媽老把我當(dāng)成小孩子對(duì)待，這讓我無法忍受。?

當(dāng)定語從句有“如同……那樣”的意思時(shí)，用as比用which更常見，而這些從句幾乎成為固定說法。如：

Things will turn out contrary to one’s wishes，as is often the case.?

事與愿違，這是常有的事。?

As was natural， this inordinate hope was followed by an excessive depression.?

這種過分希望之后，接著是極度的沮喪，是很自然的事。?

Chaucer is buried in “Poet’s Corner”，as might have been expected.?

正如人們已經(jīng)預(yù)料的，喬叟被葬在“詩人角”。?

The material is elastic，as is show in the figure.這種材料有彈性，如圖所示。?

as we know眾所周知?

as has been said above/before正如前文所述?

as has been pointed out正如已經(jīng)指出的?

as might be imagined可以想像得到?

當(dāng)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞指的是先行詞本身時(shí)，只能用which。如：?

These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.?

這些蘋果樹是我三年前種下的，沒結(jié)出任何果實(shí)。?

The Thames，which is now clean enough to swim in，was polluted for over a hundred years.?

泰晤士河，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)很干凈，可以在里面游泳，它曾被污染了一百多年。?

帶介詞的典型的定語從句，必須用which，不能用as。如：?

There is a great deal of oxygen around us，without which we could not live.我們周圍有許多氧氣，沒有它我們就無法生存。?

The shed in our garden，in which we often played，has lasted for a long time.?

我們經(jīng)常玩耍的花園里的那個(gè)棚子，已經(jīng)有很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。?

2)引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí)which與as的區(qū)別：?

先行詞如為表示物的名詞或代詞，在從句中又作介詞的賓語時(shí)，只能用which。如：?

This is the pan in which I boiled the milk. 這就是我煮牛奶的鍋。?

前面有as時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用as，不用which。如：?

There are as many dictionaries as are needed.所需要的字典都有了。?

前面有such時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用as,不用which。如：?

Such women as know Tom thought he was charming.?

認(rèn)識(shí)湯姆的女人都認(rèn)為他很?迷人。??

I have never heard such stories as he tells.他講的那些故事我從沒聽過。?

He is not such a man as I expected.他不是我期望的那種人。?

前面有the same時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用as而不用which。如：?

We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.?

我們正面臨著和多年以前同樣的困難。?

This is the same wallet as I lost.這只錢包與我丟失的那只相同。?

I have the same trouble as you have.我和你有著同樣的困難。?

總之，which與as引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別要在實(shí)踐中多體會(huì)，體會(huì)多了，才能正確運(yùn)用。??五、定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞與先行詞保持一致的問題

1.one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)形動(dòng)詞。如：?

Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.《泰坦尼克號(hào)》是在好萊塢拍的最好的電影之一。?

2.the (only)one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)形動(dòng)詞。如：?

The Great Wall is the (only)one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.?

長(zhǎng)城是地球上惟一一個(gè)從月球上能夠看到的建筑。?

3.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞as或which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾主句內(nèi)容時(shí)，若as或which作主語，則從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：?

Great changes have taken place in China，as is known to all.?

中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化，眾所周知。?

4.其他情況?

I，who am your teacher，will try my best to help you.我，你的老師，要盡全力幫助你。?

To own a colour TV set in each family，which we thought was impossible twenty years ago，now becomes true.?

每家擁有一臺(tái)彩電，這在20年前我們認(rèn)為不可能的事情，現(xiàn)在變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。?

Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about??

你聽說了他們談?wù)摰娜撕褪铝藛???

【考點(diǎn)詮釋】

定語從句

考點(diǎn)1 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom”中介詞和關(guān)系代詞的選擇

介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞為歷年高考考查的重點(diǎn)，一般來講有兩個(gè)：指人時(shí)只能用whom，指物時(shí)只能用which。當(dāng)然關(guān)系代詞作定語時(shí)也可用whose。如：

①The pen with which he wrote was made in China.他寫字用的鋼筆是中國(guó)制造的。

②The train on which Tom travelled to Canada was very fast.湯姆到加拿大去時(shí)乘坐的火車速度非?？臁?/p>

③The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.那位老師對(duì)他的學(xué)生非常有耐心，他家的房子前面有一棵大樹。

考點(diǎn)2 as與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的判定

1.as引導(dǎo)的從句表示說話人對(duì)話語的看法、態(tài)度、解釋或評(píng)論。

(1)此時(shí)的as意為“正如……，正像……”。翻譯時(shí)有時(shí)可不必譯出。如：

You are clever，as all those who know you can see.你很聰明，所有認(rèn)識(shí)你的人都能看出來。

(2)在句法上，as常用作一些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(如see，know，hear，watch，remember，say，tell，show，expect，guess等)的賓語，這類動(dòng)詞與as幾乎成了一種固定搭配。如：

As we all know，China is becoming stronger and stronger.眾所周知，中國(guó)正變得越來越強(qiáng)大。

(3)as引導(dǎo)的從句可以前置(而which引導(dǎo)的從句則不可)。如：

As is a fact，Mike is expected to make a top student.這是一個(gè)事實(shí)，邁克有望成為一名頂尖的學(xué)生。

特別提示

主句中出現(xiàn)the same，such，so修飾先行詞時(shí)，要選擇as作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，此時(shí)as引導(dǎo)的是限制性定語從句。另外要注意：

(1)the same…that與the same…as引導(dǎo)的定語從句在意義上的區(qū)別：前者修飾的名詞與原物是同一個(gè)東西;而后者修飾的是與先行詞同類型的另一樣?xùn)|西。試比較：

①This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.這正是我昨天丟失的那個(gè)書包。(同一個(gè)書包)

②This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.這個(gè)書包和我昨天丟失的那個(gè)一樣。(同類型的另一個(gè))

(2)such/so…as…和such /so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)不同，as引導(dǎo)定語從句，而that引導(dǎo)狀語從句。如：

①They talked in such simple English as children could understand.他們用孩子們能聽懂的簡(jiǎn)單的英語交談。(定語從句，as代替先行詞simple English作understand的賓語)

②He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.他如此用力地關(guān)窗，結(jié)果玻璃碎了。(結(jié)果狀語從句，that引導(dǎo)的從句表示用力關(guān)窗導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果)

2.which引導(dǎo)的此類從句對(duì)主句所敘述的事情進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，表明事物的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。

(1)which此時(shí)指前面主句所提到的，常譯為“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”等。主句與從句通常要用逗號(hào)隔開，且從句只能位于被修飾句子的后面。如：

He works very well，which makes his boss satisfied.他工作干得不錯(cuò).，這使得他的老板很滿意。

(2)which在句法上一般用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語，這時(shí)它所引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間常含有并列、因果關(guān)系。如：

She succeeded in the competition，which satisfied her parents.她在比賽中取得成功，這使得她的父母很滿意。

(3)在從句中作定語或介詞的賓語時(shí)，要用which。如：He often works far into the night，by which time everyone else has left the office.他通常工作到深夜，到那時(shí)其他人

已下班了。

特別提示

高考一般不考查as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別，但近年高考試題中出現(xiàn)過這個(gè)考點(diǎn)。一般來說，如果從句的含義是順接主句的敘述，那么這兩個(gè)詞都可以使用;如果從句的含義是對(duì)主句的否定，或者語意不是順接的，則只能用which。如：

①He came late to school，which/as was what we had expected.他上學(xué)遲到了，這是我們意料中的。

②He came late to school，which surprised US a11.他上學(xué)遲到了，這讓我們所有人都很驚訝。(不可用as)

考點(diǎn)3 關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的辨別

關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語;而關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等狀語。一般來說，關(guān)系副詞在語義上相當(dāng)于”介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較：

①I’ll never forget the days which I spent with you.我不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)谝黄鸲冗^的歲月。(which在定語從句中作spent的賓語)

②I’ll never forget the days when(=in which)we studied in Beijing.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們一起在北京學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)光。(when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，studied在此處為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不再接賓語)

考點(diǎn)4 定語從句的間隔現(xiàn)象

定語從句一般緊接被它修飾的先行詞，但有時(shí)候它和先行詞之間有可能插入其他成分，使它與先行詞分隔開來，這種定語從句叫做被分隔的定語從句。在這種情況下，對(duì)關(guān)系詞的準(zhǔn)確判斷顯得相當(dāng)重要，而且在閱讀文章時(shí)會(huì)經(jīng)常遇到這種情況，在閱讀時(shí)要注意識(shí)別。一般來說，定語從句被分割開來大致有以下三種情況：在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個(gè)狀語、定語，或被謂語動(dòng)詞分隔開。如：

①Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?你還記得十年前的一天下午，我來到你家，找你借了一條鉆石項(xiàng)鏈嗎?

(先行詞one afternoon與定語從句被狀語ten years ago分隔開了)

②A new teacher will eOlTle tomorrow who will teach you German.明天，一位新老師將來教你們德語。(先行詞a new teacher與定語從句被謂語部分和時(shí)間狀語will come tomorrow隔開了)關(guān)系代詞在下列情況下常省略：(1)作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí);(2)作介詞的賓語，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞與介詞分開使用時(shí)，可以省略。但若是關(guān)系代詞與介詞連用，則不能省略。如：

①The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(作動(dòng)詞put的賓語)

②who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to?正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作介詞to的賓語)

③Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰那兒借的這本英文小說。(關(guān)系代詞不能省略)

有些句型結(jié)構(gòu)如同位語從句、狀語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)較相似，稍不認(rèn)真就會(huì)出錯(cuò)。

1.定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別

定語從句是對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制，屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語從句是對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一一步說明和解釋，屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如：

①He makes a promise that if he Call get the job，he will work hard to make as much money as he can for the eompany.他許諾如果他能獲得那份工作，他將努力為公司掙盡可能多的

錢。(that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句是對(duì)先行詞a promise的進(jìn)一步解釋和說明)

②Mike’s parents made a special promise to Tom that surprisedTom.邁克的父母對(duì)湯姆許下了一個(gè)特別的諾言，這使得湯姆很驚奇。(that引導(dǎo)的定語從句是對(duì)先行詞promise的修飾和限制)

2.定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別

定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判斷方法：若將句中的“It is/was…that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，說明原句是強(qiáng)

調(diào)句。如：

It was in 1 998 that the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi.在1998年，洪水毀壞了江西地區(qū)很多的房屋。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

(判斷方法：如果去掉it was和that，剩下in 1998 the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi，句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，可判定原句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

3.定語從句與狀語從句的區(qū)別

定語從句在句子中作定語，修飾名詞、代詞或句子;并且，這個(gè)被修飾的名詞、代詞或句子稱為先行詞，通常放在定語從句之前。狀語從句在句子中作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞;通常不同的狀語從句有不同的連詞，位置較靈活，通常放在句首或句末，有時(shí)也放在句中。

以where為例來說明：

①Let’s have a short meeting where we met last time.我們?cè)谏洗我娒娴牡胤介_個(gè)短會(huì)吧。(Where we met last time是地點(diǎn)狀語從句，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，表示開會(huì)的地方)

②This is the place where we had a meeting last time.這就是我們上次開會(huì)的地方。(Where we had a meeting last time是定語從句，在句中作定語修飾the place)

【試題放送】

【2012山東卷】23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.

A. them B. that

C. which D. what

【答案】

【解析】此處先行詞是two novels，后面是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句且介詞前置，因此用both of which引導(dǎo)。句意：Maria寫了兩部小說，兩部都被拍成了電視劇。

【考點(diǎn)】考查非限制性定語從句的用法。

【2012福建卷】23. The air quality in the city, ________is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.

A. that B. it C. as D. what

【考點(diǎn)】本題考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞

【答案】C

【解析】本句難點(diǎn)是把定語從句分割出來放在句首就很明了了，把句子轉(zhuǎn)換成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞放句首指的是下文所提到的一句話用as引導(dǎo)“正如在 所寫的那樣”。

【2012安徽卷】29. Alot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

A. as B. it C. which D. This

【答案】A

【解析】如果選擇B或D 就出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)句子了。本題考查非限制性定語從句,關(guān)系代詞指整個(gè)一句話Alot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。傳統(tǒng)考法是直接把從句放在句首，我不知道這里是不是算作句首，我相信學(xué)生們也會(huì)是一頭霧水吧?！綼s用在句首，which用在句末，正確答案應(yīng)該是A】

【考點(diǎn)】考查定語從句。

【2012北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

【答案】 B

【考點(diǎn)】非限制性定語從句，which作表語。

【2012全國(guó)II】8. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.

A. that B. which C. what D. when

【答案】B

【解析】這里that evening是先行詞，其在定語從句中作介詞about的賓語，所以用which。句意：以后我將和你談起的那個(gè)晚上，我工作到了很晚。

【考點(diǎn)】考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞。

【2012屆廣西桂林市、崇左市、百色市、防城港市高考聯(lián)合調(diào)研】32.—We’ll take the conditions into careful consideration you have attached to this contract.

—Thanks. Hope for further cooperation.

A.as B.which C.where D.what

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處the conditions是先行詞，其在定語從句中作to的賓語。故用which。

【河南省鄭州市2012屆英語信息卷(三)】13. Do you remember a certain occasion ______ you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand.

A. where B. which C. why D. when

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。根據(jù)后面的時(shí)間短語at that moment可知occasion指時(shí)間，故要使用關(guān)系副詞when，相當(dāng)于at which time。

【2012屆保定市高三第一次模擬】32. Lisa，I guess we'd better fix a navigational aid(導(dǎo)航儀)to the car_________we can find our way easily.

A. which B. that C. from which D. with which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處a navigational aid為先行詞，其在定語從句中作with的賓語。句意：麗薩，我認(rèn)為我們最好在車上安裝導(dǎo)航儀，用它我們能容易地找到路。

【2012屆河北省邯鄲市高三第一次模擬考試】26. Leave him a note at the reception desk, he will learn how to find you.

A. which B. from which C. with which D. on which

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處a note是先行詞，其在定語從句中作from的賓語。

相當(dāng)于：he will learn how to find you from the note。

【2012屆河北省普通高考模擬】26.-----How about your job-hunting?

-----No luck.Now，I’ve reached the stage________I don’t care what I do.

A. which B. where C.when D. that

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處the stage是先行詞，其在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。句意：現(xiàn)在我到了我不關(guān)心做什么的境地。

【2012屆四川省成都石室中學(xué)高三二診模擬】7.A turning point of the continuously high housing price won't appear suddenly because there must be a certain process ___ many factors lead to the change.

A.which B.what C.where D.that

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處process作先行詞，其在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where。

【2012屆四川省成都石室中學(xué)高三二診模擬】10.Jane's struggle to make a place for herself in the music circle is the kind of life story___a fascinating novel might be written.

A.where B.by whom C.for what D.about which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處life story是先行詞，其后是介詞前置的定語從句。相當(dāng)于a fascinating novel might be written about the story。

【2012屆江西省六校聯(lián)考】26. More teens are smoking in Beijing, ______ the number of primary and middle school students picking up the habit has more than doubled from previous years.

A. which B. when C. where D. that

【答案】 C

【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。Beijing 是先行詞，在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，因此用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。

【2012屆浙江杭州重點(diǎn)高中原創(chuàng)模擬】17. Judging from his face_______ there was a confident smile, we knew that he didn’t lose heart.

A. in which B. from which C. by which D. on which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法。a confident smile on his face.句意為：從他臉上自信的笑容來判斷，我們知道他沒灰心。故選D。

【2012屆浙江杭州重點(diǎn)高中原創(chuàng)模擬】19. We have spotted the location, _______ we thought is the site of Emperor Qin Shihuang.

A. that B. what C. which D. where

【答案】C 考查定語從句。分析句子可知空格出引導(dǎo)定語從句，we thought 是插入語，從句缺少主語，應(yīng)考慮用關(guān)系代詞，又是非限制性定語從句，故選C。

【2012屆浙江省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體4月調(diào)研】14. ---When did the young man save you?

---January 1st,2000, the first day of the new century,_______ I can never forget.

A. when B. which C. that D. where

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞。先行詞the first day在定語從句中作賓語。

高三英語教案：《定語從句備考復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

一名優(yōu)秀的教師在每次教學(xué)前有自己的事先計(jì)劃，作為高中教師就要在上課前做好適合自己的教案。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠聽懂教師所講的內(nèi)容，減輕高中教師們?cè)诮虒W(xué)時(shí)的教學(xué)壓力。高中教案的內(nèi)容具體要怎樣寫呢？下面是小編精心收集整理，為您帶來的《高三英語教案：《定語從句備考復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)》，希望能為您提供更多的參考。

【2012年高考命題預(yù)測(cè)】

定語從句也是高考英語的重要語法，是歷年考查的熱點(diǎn)。2012年高考對(duì)定語從句的考查主要體現(xiàn)在：1、關(guān)系代詞that和which的區(qū)別;2、關(guān)系代詞which和as的區(qū)別;3、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句;4、定語從句與其他從句的區(qū)別。

【重難點(diǎn)突破】

【概述】定語從句是一種作定語用的從句，修飾主句中的一個(gè)名詞或代詞;定語從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞。

⒈ 定語從句要跟在先行詞的后面。

⒉ 定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種。

⒊ 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有兩種：

關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等

關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why 等

⒋ 關(guān)系詞的作用：引導(dǎo)定語從句;代替先行詞;在定語從句中作成分。

一、 定語從句中關(guān)系詞的使用：

⒈ 如果修飾人，一般用關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose 或that。在定語從句中作主語的一般用who或that, 作賓語的一般用whom, who或that, 作定語并具有物主性質(zhì)的用whose。(在定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞可省略)關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

(2011?四川卷)17.The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.【B】

A.which B.whose C.when D.where[來源:Zxxk.Com]

(2011?福建卷)24.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.【A】

A.which B.where C.what D.who

⒉ 如果修飾事物，用關(guān)系代詞which 和that，作賓語時(shí)可省略。作介詞賓語時(shí)，如果介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前，則用which (不能省) ，而不用that(關(guān)系代詞that既能代人，又能代物)。whose也可用來指物(此時(shí)可用of which來代替)，在定語從句中作定語。

(2011?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷)31.The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination.【C】

A.that B.which C.whose D.what

(2011?江西卷)34.She showed he visitors around the museum, the construction______ has taken more than three years.【C】

A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to which

3. when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，有時(shí)也可用介詞+which來代替。

(2011?天津卷)10.The days are gone _____ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.【A】

A.when B.that C.where D.which[來源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)ZXXK]

4. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，有時(shí)也可用介詞+which來代替。

(2011?陜西卷)11.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 【B】

A.which B.where C.who D.that

5. why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，?？捎胒or+ which來代替。

Do you know the reason why/for which he came so late?

判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。

判斷改錯(cuò)：

(錯(cuò)) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

(錯(cuò)) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

(對(duì)) This is the mountain village (which) I visited la st year.

(對(duì)) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。

方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where　B. that　 C. on whichD. the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。

關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語，when 時(shí)間狀語，why 原因狀語) 。

二、 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

限制性定語從句與主句的關(guān)系密切，對(duì)先行詞有修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句的意義將不完整或失去意義;非限制性定語從句與主句的關(guān)系不太密切，只對(duì)先行詞有附加說明作用，如去掉，主句的意思仍完整;限制性定語從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)分開，修飾的先行詞可是名詞，名詞詞組或代詞;而非限制性定語從句常用逗號(hào)和主句隔開，可修飾主句的某一個(gè)詞，也可以修飾整個(gè)句子。另外，在關(guān)系詞的使用上：限制性定語從句作賓語時(shí)可以省略，在非限制性定語從句中不可省略;限制性定語從句中可用that，而非限制性定語從句中不可使用that。

(2011?浙江卷)8.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently .【A】

A.which B.what C.them D.those

(2011?湖南卷)25.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ____ she spoke fluently. 【C】

A.who B.whom C.which D.that

(2010重慶)28. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world. 【C】

A. where B. which C. whose D. that

(10全國(guó)Ⅱ)16. I refuse to accept the blame for something _____was someone else’s fault. 【B】

A. who B. that C. as D. what

定語從句的常見考點(diǎn)：

⒈ one of + the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞　后面定語從句中謂語單復(fù)數(shù)情況：

跟定語從句所靠近的那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞在數(shù)上保持一致，通常用復(fù)數(shù)。但如果這一結(jié)構(gòu)前面有the only之類的限定語，后面定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞則要用單數(shù)形式。

This is one of the books that are required for study at school.

He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.

⒉ 定語從句中用that而不用which的情況：

1)、先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，如：everything, anything, any, something, little, much等。

We should do all that is useful to the people.

2)、先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, much等詞修飾時(shí)。

I have read all the books that you gave me.　。

3)、先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.

4)、先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)。

This is the very book that I want to find.

5)、先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。

They are talking about the factory, the leaders and the workers that they visited yesterday.

6)、主句是以who 或which 開頭的疑問句時(shí)。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate?

7)、關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時(shí)。

My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.

⒊ 定語從句中宜用which而不用that 的情況：

1)、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí)。

Is this the room in which he lives?

2)、在非限制性定語從句中。

(2011?浙江卷)8.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently .【A】

A.which B.what C.them D.those

3)、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語時(shí)。

Here is the English grammar book which, as I had told you, will help improve your English.

在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系詞用了that，另一個(gè)宜用which。

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened to us.

給你看看我從新開放的圖書館借來的一本小說。

⒋ 關(guān)系代詞as 和which的選用：

在形式上as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面;在意義上，as定語從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系，常譯為“正如…，就象…”，而which定語從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，或which從句是對(duì)主句的評(píng)論。

The room hasn’t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very dirty.

He was late again, as we had expected.他又遲到了，正如我們所料。

另外，在such…as…, the same…as…, as…as, so…as等結(jié)構(gòu)中，as引導(dǎo)定語從句，此時(shí)不能用which代替。(這種定語從句常采用省略形式)

I have never seen such a lazy man as you.我從來沒見過你這樣懶的人。

Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.　這個(gè)大石塊太大沒人能把它舉起來。

⒌ 先行詞為situation、case、occasion、point時(shí)，常用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。

Can you point out a situation where this word can be used?　你能指出這個(gè)單詞使用的場(chǎng)合嗎

You have got to the point where a change is needed.　你已經(jīng)發(fā)展到非改不可的地步了。

⒍ 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要和先行詞的性、數(shù)保持一致。

(2011?山東卷)32.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.【D】

A.they B.where C.what D.that

⒎ 定語從句中不要重復(fù)了關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞所替代的部分。

誤：Thi s is the place that I have visited it.

這就是我參觀過的那個(gè)地方。

應(yīng)去掉it, 因that 代替先行詞the place 在定語從句中作visit的賓語，再加it就是多余的了。

⒏ 定語從句中不要加多余的關(guān)系副詞或介詞。

誤：The house where he lives in needs repairing.

應(yīng)刪去關(guān)系副詞where, 因?yàn)閣here在這里的意思是in which, 否則介詞in就重復(fù)了?；虮Ａ魒here, 刪去從句里的in.

由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1. 由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句主要用于正式文體，在非正式文體中通常將介詞放至句末。如：This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是這個(gè)人。This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是這個(gè)人。

2. 直接用于介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞which不能換成that，直接用于介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞whom不能換成who。但若介詞用于句末，則用作賓語的which, whom也可換成that, who，或者省略不同。如：這是一個(gè)我們討論了許多的問題。(which不能換成that，也不能省略)This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 這是一個(gè)我們討論了許多的問題。(which可以換成that，也可以省略)

3. 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why根據(jù)情況有時(shí)可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which”。如： That is the day when [=on which] he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。That is the house where [=in which] he lived. 那就是他住過的房子。That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必須道歉的原因。4. 在很正式的文體中，“介詞

4. +關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句可緊縮成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：在那兒孩子們有個(gè)玩耍的花園。正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)正：There the children had a garden in which they could play. (較正式)正：There the children had a garden to play in. (較口語化)注：這類“介詞+關(guān)系代詞++不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞不能沒有，也不能放在句末。如不能說There the children had a garden which to play in.

定語從句關(guān)系詞省略的6種情形

定語從句中關(guān)系詞省略的6種情形關(guān)系詞有時(shí)可以省略，但這只限于限制性定語從句中，在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞則不可省略。

一、關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)的省略當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which和that在定語從句中用作動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞位于句末時(shí)的介詞賓語時(shí)，可以省略。如：在定語從句中用作動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞位于句末時(shí)的介詞賓語時(shí)，可以省略。如：Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎? Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 剛才和你講話的人是誰?

二、關(guān)系代詞作表語時(shí)的省略當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中用作表語時(shí)，可以省略。如：China is not the country (that) it was. 中國(guó)已不是過去的中國(guó)了。(that作表語)

三、關(guān)系代詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)的省略當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中用作賓語補(bǔ)足時(shí)，可以省略。如：I’m not the madman (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所認(rèn)為的那個(gè)瘋子。(that作賓語補(bǔ)語)

四、關(guān)系副詞when的省略用作時(shí)間狀語的關(guān)系副詞when通常不能省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于day, year, time等少數(shù)幾個(gè)詞后時(shí)可以省略(也可換成that)也可換成。如：That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出國(guó)了。I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們見面的那一天。

五、關(guān)系副詞where的省略用作地點(diǎn)狀語的關(guān)系副詞where通常不能省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少數(shù)幾個(gè)詞后時(shí)可以省略(也可換成that)。如：This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 這就是他們昨天碰頭的地方。Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 你有沒有一個(gè)什么地方可以讓我躺一個(gè)小時(shí)?

六、關(guān)系副詞why的省略關(guān)系副詞why通常只用于the reason后引導(dǎo)定語從句，且通常可換成that或for which，均可省略。如：That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came.

這就是他來的原因。

Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 給我舉出一個(gè)我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助你的理由。 absent, nothing couldn’t be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。

定語從句的考查

一、疑問句中考查定語從句

1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week?

A. whereB. the one　C. on whichD. /

【解析】答案是D。命題人經(jīng)常利用疑問句的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)來干擾學(xué)生的正確選擇。遇到這類定語從句時(shí)，最好的辦法是先把疑問句還原成陳述句，然后判斷誰是先行詞，再看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑詈蟠_定正確答案。

二、倒裝句中考查定語從句

2. We came to a place， ________ stood a big tower.

A. whichB. thatC. /D. where

【解析】正確答案是D。為了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒裝語序。倒裝的使用使定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)變得較為特殊，因此對(duì)于使用倒裝語序的定語從句，應(yīng)先把倒裝語序還原成正常語序，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)就比較清晰了。

三、 拆分詞組和固定搭配

3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.

A. of whichB. whereC. to doD. that

4. Why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life?

A. whichB. on whichC. whenD. where

【解析】正確答案分別是D和A。一些詞組和搭配被拆開后，句子的含義就變得難以理解。首先把拆開的詞組復(fù)原是理解此類定語從句的關(guān)鍵。上述句子中包含以下詞組：make use of， play a part (in)。

四、添加插入語或狀語

5. The scientist has made another discovery， _______ I belie ve is of great importance.

A. thatB. /C. whichD. why

【解析】應(yīng)選擇C。這類句子主要利用插入語或狀語的添加來增加試題的難度。常見的插入語有：I think (suppose， expect， believe， imagine)， in my opinion， to tell you the truth等。做這類題目時(shí)，最佳的辦法是先刪去插入語或狀語，這樣句子的主干部分就一目了然了。

五、插入非謂語動(dòng)詞

6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________

the radio for me?

A. who;repairedB. that;repaired

C. whom;repairing　D. that;repair

【解析】D項(xiàng)正確。非謂語動(dòng)詞是英語中難度較大的語法項(xiàng)目之一，因而在定語從句中加入非謂語動(dòng)詞就成了學(xué)生最易失分的題目。對(duì)付這類題目最有效的辦法就是將句子還原。如：我們可以把幾個(gè)句子中的定語從句進(jìn)行還原，還原后的句子應(yīng)是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.

典型高考英語陷阱題詳解

1. The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.

A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were

【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，將A 、B中的 which 和 it 誤認(rèn)為是其后句子的主語。

【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一 個(gè)由"介詞+which"引出的非限制性定語從句，而在該從句中，主語是 high mountains，around which 是表語，所以句子謂語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)were，而不是用單數(shù) was.請(qǐng)做以下類例題目(答案均為C)：

(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.

A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are

(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.

A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are

(3) Next month we'll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese food.

A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are

2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, "Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?"

A. that B. which C. where D. what

【陷阱】容易誤選 B，認(rèn)為 around 是介詞，選 which 用以代替前面的名詞 hospital，在此用作介詞 around 的賓語。

【分析】最佳答案為C。以上語法分析并不算錯(cuò)，但問題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒有這樣一個(gè)醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買藥治我的手傷?這樣的語境顯然有點(diǎn)不合情理，因?yàn)槿藗兺ǔＪ窃卺t(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為"在附近";其后的 where 引導(dǎo)定語從句用以修飾其前的地點(diǎn)名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷?

3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)形式主語。

【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句。比較下面一題：

_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

此題答案選 A，it 為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的 that 從句。

再比較下面一組題，其中第(1)題選 B，第(2)題選 D：

(1) ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.

A. Which B. As C. That D. It

(2) ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.

A. Which B. As C. That D. It

4. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.

A. that B. who C. as D. whom

【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的such，再聯(lián)系到選項(xiàng)中的 that，便認(rèn)為這是考查such ... that ...句式。況且，這樣理解意思也還通順。

【分析】最佳答案為C，不是A，因?yàn)樵趕uch ... that ... (如此......以至......)結(jié)構(gòu)中，that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，若在上句填入 such ... that ...，句末的動(dòng)詞 like 缺賓語。選C的理由如下：as 用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾其前的名詞 boy，同時(shí) as 在定語從句中用作動(dòng)詞 like 的賓語，句意為"所有老師都喜歡的一位好男孩"。有的同學(xué)可能還會(huì)問，假若選A，能否將其后的 that 視為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞呢?不能，因?yàn)楫?dāng)先行詞受到 such 的修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 as 來引導(dǎo)，而不用that.比較下面一題，答案為A，因?yàn)?like 后有自己的賓語 him：

David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.

A. that B. who C. as D. whom

請(qǐng)?jiān)僮鲆韵略囶}(答案選D)：

It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.

A. like B. that C. which D. as

5. The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

【陷阱】容易誤選 C，用 them 代指 the buses.

【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 為非限制性定語從句，修飾 the buses.類似地，以下各題也選D：

(1) His house, for _______ he paid , 000, is now worth , 000.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

(2) Ashdown forest, through _______ we'll be driving, isn't a forest any longer.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

(3) This I did at nine o'clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

類似地，以下各題選 whom，不選 them：

(4) George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.

A. that B. him C. them D. whom

(5) Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.

A. that B. who C. them D. whom

(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.

A. that B. who C. them D. whom

6. He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.

A. whom B. them C. which D. who

【陷阱】容易誤選 B，用 them 代指 students.

【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 為非限制性定語從句。假若在many of... 的前面加上連詞and，則選答案B。比較以下各題(答案均選A)：

(1) He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

(2) He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.

A. them B. which C. what D. that

(3) He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.

A. whom B. them C. which D. who

(4) He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other.

A. them B. whom C. which D. who

7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.

A. whom B. them C. which D. who

【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。

【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞 invited 并不是一個(gè)完整的謂語，而是一個(gè)過去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在 invited 前加上助動(dòng)詞 were，則是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，答案便應(yīng)選A.比較：

(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

答案選B，none of them carried out in their work 是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的 carried out 為過去分詞。

(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

答案選A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定語從句，注意與上例比較句中多了一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞were.

(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

答案選B，由于兩句之間增加了一個(gè)并列連詞but，使得該句成了一個(gè)并列句。

8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

【陷阱】容易誤選B，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。

【分析】最佳答案是A.與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞 seated 不是謂語，而是一個(gè)過去分詞，因?yàn)?seat 作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞。比較以下相似題：

(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

選B. whose parents were seated together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因?yàn)槠浜笥型暾闹^語 were seated.

(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

選A.因?yàn)榫渲杏胁⒘羞B詞and，整個(gè)句子為并列句。

(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

選A. their parents sitting together joking 為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

選B. whose parents sat together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因?yàn)榫渲杏型暾闹^語 sat.

(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

選B. whose parents were sitting together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因?yàn)榫渲杏型暾闹^語 were sitting.

9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，誤這是非限制性定語從句。

【分析】正確答案為D，注意逗號(hào)前是一個(gè)條件狀語從句，逗號(hào)后是該狀語從句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情況，用作主句的主語。類似地，下面幾道題也選 that，而不選 which：

(1) If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.

A. as B. which C. and it D. that

(2) If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

(3) Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.

A. that B. which C. and it D. so

(4) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

10. She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she's spent working as a secretary in our company.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

【陷阱】容易誤選B，機(jī)械地認(rèn)為時(shí)間名詞后必須用關(guān)系副詞when，地點(diǎn)名詞后用關(guān)系副詞 where.

【分析】正確答案為A.在時(shí)間名詞和地點(diǎn)名詞后是否用關(guān)系副詞要看它在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。一般說來，若用作主語或賓語，用關(guān)系代詞;若用作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。上面一題中的動(dòng)詞 spent 缺賓語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 which或that.比較下面一題，由于空格后的句子不缺少主語或賓語，所以選關(guān)系副詞when：

She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

請(qǐng)?jiān)僮鲆唤M試題(答案均選A)：

(1) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

選A，which 在定語從句中用作動(dòng)詞 bought 的賓語。

(2) Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

選A，which 在定語從句中用作主語。

(3) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.

A. where B. when C. that D. which

選A，where 在定語從句中用作狀語。

【高考真題剖析】

(2011?江蘇卷)24.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _____ the audience can buy ice-cream.

A.When B.Where C.that D.which

答案【A】考查定語從句。非限定性定語從句____ the audience can buy ice-cream.中不缺少成分，先行詞an interval表時(shí)間，所以選擇A。

(2011?浙江卷)8.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently .

A.which B.what C.them D.those

答案【A】考查定語從句。非限定性定語從句each of____ uses it somewhat differently .中介詞of后缺少賓語。所以選擇A。

(2010重慶)28. In china, the number of cities is increa sing ________development is recognized across the world.

A. where B. which C. whose D. that

答案【C】考查定語從句。development與先行詞cities之間是所屬關(guān)系，所以選whose。句意是：在中國(guó)，城市的數(shù)量在增加，城市的發(fā)展被全世界意識(shí)到。所以選擇C。

(10福建)24. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.

A. that B. where C. which D. whose24. 答案：B

考點(diǎn)：定語從句

解析：先行詞為planet，表示地點(diǎn)，故用where。

(10湖南) 28. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.

A. who B. where C. when D. which

28. 答案：A

考點(diǎn)：考查定語從句。

解析：該空引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾表示人的先行詞the students，且在從句中作met的賓語，故選關(guān)系代詞who，即A項(xiàng)。

(10江西) 31 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.

A where B who C which D what

答案：A

考點(diǎn)：考察定語從句。

解析：先行詞為centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺賓語或主語, 故要填狀語, 表地點(diǎn)用where。

(10山東)24. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.

A. that B. which C. whose D. What

答案：C

考點(diǎn)：本題考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。

解析：句意應(yīng)為“那就是那臺(tái)零部件小得幾乎看不見的新機(jī)器?！笨崭裉幰龑?dǎo)定語從句并且在從句中作定語使用，所以使用whose。

38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.

A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which

答案：C

考點(diǎn)：此處考查的是介詞加疑問詞引導(dǎo)從句

解析：考察介詞+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy whichthat

we may return to in the near future.

(10天津)8. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?

You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.

A. as B. which C. where D. that

答案：C.

考點(diǎn)：考查定語從句。

句意：—你能相信我理一次發(fā)得花20美元嗎?—你應(yīng)該到我去的那家理發(fā)店試試，只需要15美元。

解析：句中the barber’s 是先行詞，從句中g(shù)o 是不及物動(dòng)詞，所選關(guān)系代詞在從句中作狀語，所以要用where。

(10四川)10.After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decision.

A.that B.which C.when D.where

答案：B

考點(diǎn)：考查定語從句。

解析：此處應(yīng)為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，which代替前邊整個(gè)句子。句意為：“大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我們休假一段時(shí)間去旅游，這結(jié)果證明是一個(gè)明智的決定。”

(10全國(guó)Ⅰ)24. As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather.

A. which B. where C. what D. that

24題 答案：A

句意：還是孩子的時(shí)候，Jack 在以他祖父命名的鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。

解答：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)此題考察從句，空格設(shè)置在名詞school后，且school后有逗號(hào)，此題考察非限定性定語從句。定語從句所修飾的先行詞是school，它在定于從句中做主語，因此使用關(guān)系代詞，選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)系代詞只有which和that，由于是非限定性定語從句，不能使用that，因此選擇A。

(10江蘇)32. The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.

A. that B. it C. what D. which

選D定語從句表示咖啡屋的墻

(陜西)11. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.

A. where B. which C. its D . Whose

11. 答案：D.

考點(diǎn)：考查定語從句。[來源:學(xué)*科*網(wǎng)Z*X*X*K]

解析：所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是the old temple，關(guān)系詞在從句中做roof的定語，用關(guān)系代詞whose，選D。其余選項(xiàng)與題意不符。

(10全國(guó)Ⅱ)16. I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.

A. who B. that C. as D. what[來源:Zxxk.Com]

答案：B

考點(diǎn)：定語從句。

解析：不定代詞something作主語，用that引導(dǎo)。

(10湖北)77. My mother was so proud of all ________(我所做的)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)

77. 答案：that I had done

考點(diǎn)：定語從句

解析：先行詞是 “all”的時(shí)候，定語從句只能由 “that”引導(dǎo)，又因?yàn)橹骶涫且话氵^去時(shí)，“我”所做的事情是過去已經(jīng)完成的事情，所以要用過去完成時(shí)。

80. ________(正如我們強(qiáng)調(diào)的那樣)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)

80. 答案：As we have stressed

考點(diǎn)：非限定性定語從句

解析：當(dāng)句子以整個(gè)主句作為先行詞，又放在主句前的非限定性定語從句只能由 “as”來引導(dǎo)，主句的內(nèi)容作定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語

(北京)27. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.

A. what B. whose C. which D. that

27. 答案：B

考點(diǎn): 本題考查定語從句關(guān)系副詞的選擇。

解析：不愛運(yùn)動(dòng)或者飲食熱量偏高的孩子們會(huì)很快發(fā)胖。較簡(jiǎn)單。本定語從句不缺成分，為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，因此只能在考慮填關(guān)系副詞。A中的What不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。選B. whose誰的，符合題意。

(重慶)28. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.

A. where B. which C. whose D. that

28. 答案C

考點(diǎn)：考查定語從句。

解析： development與先行詞cities之間是所屬關(guān)系，所以選whose。句意是：在中國(guó)，城市的數(shù)量在增加，城市的發(fā)展被全世界意識(shí)到。

(10浙江)3.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village home s for a better life in the city.

A.whom B.which C.them D.those

答案：A

考點(diǎn)：本題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。

解析：由many之后的逗號(hào)和選項(xiàng)特征，此處是主從句關(guān)系，排除C、D項(xiàng)。由于先行詞是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意為：這里居住著將近1000人，他們中的許多人都背井離鄉(xiāng)去城市追求更好的生活。

真題練習(xí)

(09安徽)1. A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.

A. how B. whom

C. when D. which

【答案】C

(09安徽)2. Many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.

A. their B. whose

C. of them D. with whom

【答案】B

(09北京)3. —What do you think of teacher ,Bob?

—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting .

A. where B. which C. when D. that

【答案】B

(09福建)4. It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.

A. that B. when C. which D. where

【答案】D 考查定語從句。先行詞是situation，指物，亦可指地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where，選D。

(09湖南)5.I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.

A. which B. of which C. that D. whose

【答案】D 考查定語從句。先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)定語，意思為這個(gè)城市的名字。

(09江西)6. The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.

A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which

【答案】B 考查定語從句。The house ( which / that I grew up in ) , 主語后面緊跟的是定語從句。

(09海南)7. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.

A. them B. who

C. whom D. these

【答案】C。 考查定語從句中的非限制性定語從句。句意為：她帶著她的三個(gè)朋友，他們?nèi)齻€(gè)中沒有一個(gè)人我曾見過。表示“部分的詞語+of+關(guān)系代詞” 在非限制性定語從句指人只能用whom。

(09山東)8. Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.

A. who B. which C. when D. that

【答案】B非限制性定語從句，指代前面一個(gè)句子，故用which.

(09陜西)9. Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.

A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which

【答案】C 考查定語從句，先行詞是Gun control，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中做介詞的賓語，介詞前置，介詞與從句動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成搭配argue about sth，選C。

(09四川)10. She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

【答案】D 考查定語從句的用法。her stay為先行詞，可以理解為抽象的一段時(shí)間(她呆在那里期間)，when指代her stay在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語。

(09天津)11. A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever[來源:Z_xx_k.Com]

【答案】C

(09天津)12 I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _____ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.

A. as B. which C. when D. though

【答案】A

(09浙江)13.I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.

A. which B. where C. how D. why

【答案】B

(09重慶)14. Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.

A. why B. what

C. that D. where

【答案】D

(09全國(guó)2 )15. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.

A. which B. that C. where D. it

【答案】A 考查非限制性定語從句(這兒的which指代前面整句話內(nèi)容。

(2011全國(guó)卷I) 31.The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.

A.that B.which C.whose D.what

(2011全國(guó)卷II)7.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

A.this B.that C.what D.which

(2011北京卷)26.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset.

A.who B.which C.what D.that

(2011上海卷) 39.You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.

A.which B.where C.when D.as

(2011山東卷)32.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.

A.they B.where C.what D.that

(2011江西卷)34.She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years.

A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to which

(2011江蘇卷)24.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.

A.when B.where C.that D.which

(2011安徽卷)28.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.

A.when B.which C.where D.while

(2011浙江卷)8.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it somewhat differently.

A.which B.what C.them D.those

(2011浙江卷)10.A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

A.when B.that C.where D.there

(2011福建卷)24.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.

A.whic h B.where C.what D.who

(2011四川卷)17.The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.

A.which B.whose C.when D.where

(2011天津卷)10.The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

A.when B.that C.where D.which

(2011陜西卷)11.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

A.which B.where C.who D.that

(2011湖南卷)25.Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently.

A.who B.whom C.which D.that

【鞏固練習(xí)】

1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure.

A. which B. what

C. as D. those

2.Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?

A. that B. where

C. in which D. the one

3.Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A. that B. where

C. which D. the one

4.Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?

A. that B. where

C. which D. the one

5.The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.

A. that B. where

C. in which D. in that

6.The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into

ice.

A. at which B. on that

C. in which D. of what

7.This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..

A. how you have observed B. what you have observed

C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed

8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.

A. because B. why

C. that D. whether

9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.

A. all which B. that

C. all that D. which

10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.

A. whose B. of which

C. in which D. on which

11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.

A. as B. that

C. which D. what

12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.

A. which B. it

C. that D. what

13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.

A. which B. whom

C. who D. that

14. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.

A. who is singing B. is singing

C. sang D. was singing

15. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.

A. learn B. who

C. that learns D. who learn

16. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out.

A. that against B. that against

C. who is against D. who are against

17. Didn’t you see the man __________?

A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now

C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now

18. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day?

A. that you talked B. you talked about it

C. which you talked with D. you talked about

19. Is there anything __________ to you?

A. that is belonged B. that belongs

C. that belong D. which belongs

20. ---- “How do you like the book?”

---- “It’s quite different from __________ I read last month.”

A. that B. which

C. the one D. the one what

21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except __________ who had already taken them.

A. the ones B. ones

C. some D. the others

22. The train __________ she was travelling was late.

A. which B. where

C. on which D. in that

23. He has lost the key to the drawer __________ the papers are kept.

A. where B. in which

C. under which D. which

24. Antarctic __________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.

A. which B. where

C. that D. about which

25. It’s the third time __________ late this month.

A. that you arrived B. when you arrived

C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived

26. It was in 1969 __________ the American astronaut succeeded in

landing on the moon.

A. that B. which

C. when D. in which

27. May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never

forget.

A. which B. when

C. on which D. about which

28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __________ live my grandparents and some relatives.

A. which B. that

C. who D. where

29. The hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside.

A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at

C. we stayed D. in that we stayed

30. Is it in that factory __________ “Red Flag” cars are produced?

A. in which B. where

C. which D. that

31. It is the Suez Canal __________ separates Asia __________ Africa.

A. which, to B. where, from

C. that, from D. that, with

32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, __________ was a small canoe, with a boy in it.

A. there B. where

C. it D. which

33. He is not __________ a fool __________.

A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks

C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks

34. Is that the reason __________ you are in favour of the proposal?

A. which B. what

C. why D. for that

35. He must be from Africa, __________ can be seen from his skin.

A. that B. as

C. who D. what

36. He has two sons, __________ work as chemists.

A. two of whom B. both of whom

C. both of which D. all of whom

37. I, __________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.

A. who is B. who am

C. that is D. what is

38. He is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned.

A. who B. that

C. from which D. from whom

39. ---- Do you know the town at all?

---- No, this is the first time I __________ here.

A. was B. have been

C. came D. am coming

40. I don’t like __________ you speak to her.

A. the way B. the way in that

C. the way which D. the way of which

41. The two things __________ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.

A. about which B. of which

C. in which D. for which

42. The dinner was the most expensive meal we __________.

A. would have B. have had

C. had never had D. had ever had

43. Do you know which hotel __________?

A. she is staying B. she is staying in

C. is she staying D. is she staying in

44. There is only one thing __________ I can do.

A. what B. that

C. all D. which

45. Who can think of a situation __________ this idiom can be used?

A. which B. that

C. where D. in that

46. I have many books, some of __________ are on chemistry.

A. them B. that

C. which D. those

47. They were interested __________ you told them.

A. in which B. in that

C. all that D. in everything

48. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, __________ much help for knowing space.

A. which we think it is B. which we think are of

C. of which we think is D. I think which is of

49. The great day we looked forward to __________ at last.

A. come B. came

C. coming D. comes

50. I like the second football match __________ was held last week.

A. which B. who

C. that D. /

參考答案：

1—5 AADBA 6—10 ABCCA 11—15 AADAD

16—20 CDDBC 21—25 ACBDC 26—30 AADAD

31—35 CABCB 36—40 BBDBA 41—45 BDBBC

46—50 CDBBC

高三英語定語從句公開課教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

古人云，工欲善其事，必先利其器。作為教師就要早早地準(zhǔn)備好適合的教案課件。教案可以保證學(xué)生們?cè)谏险n時(shí)能夠更好的聽課，使教師有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單易懂的教學(xué)思路。你知道如何去寫好一份優(yōu)秀的教案呢？下面的內(nèi)容是小編為大家整理的高三英語定語從句公開課教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)，僅供您在工作和學(xué)習(xí)中參考。

語法專題十二　定語從句(一)
Ⅰ.定義
定語從句，起形容詞的作用，在句中常用來修飾名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞稱為先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞稱為關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起引導(dǎo)作用;二是在意義上代替先行詞,并在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。其中關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that,as；關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why。
eg.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.
Thepenwhichmyunclegavemeismissing.
Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.
Thefactorywheremyfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.
Perhapsthedaywillcomewhenpeoplewillbeabletobreathecleanairincities.

Ⅱ.關(guān)系代詞
1.先行詞是人，作主語，關(guān)系代詞用who,that
eg.Heisaman（）neverleavestoday’sworktilltomorrow.
Theboy()isstandingthereismycousin.
2.先行詞是人，作賓語，關(guān)系代詞用whom,who,that,
eg.Hereistheman()you’vebeenexpectingtomeet.
Theman()youmetyesterdayisMr.Smith.
3.先行詞是物，作主語，關(guān)系代詞用which,that
eg.Thetrain（）hasjustleftisforGuangzhou.
Childrenliketoreadbooks()havewonderfulpictures.
4.先行詞是物，作賓語，關(guān)系代詞用which,that,或省略
eg.Thebook()youborrowedyesterdayisreallyinteresting.
Thepen()myunclegavemeismissing.
5.先行詞是人、物，作定語，關(guān)系代詞用whose
eg.Heistheprofessor()namewasJackson.
China,（）populationisthelargestintheworld,isdevelopingveryfast.
Ⅲ.關(guān)系副詞
1.先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞，在定從中作時(shí)間狀語，關(guān)系代詞用when
eg.Ican’trememberthedate()hewentabroad.
I’llneverforgettheday()Ijoinedthearmy.
2.先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，在定從中作地點(diǎn)狀語，關(guān)系代詞用where;其中注意表示抽象概念的地點(diǎn)名詞，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度時(shí)，也需用where
eg.Thisisthevillage（）UncleWangoncelived.
Theyhavereachedthepoint()theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.
He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation()heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.
3.先行詞是reason，在定從中作原因狀語，關(guān)系代詞用why
eg.Idon’tknowthereason()hewaslate.
Noneofusknowthereason()Tomwasabsentfromthemeeting.
4.引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞也可以用“適當(dāng)介詞+which”來代替。
eg.October1,1949wasthedaywhen（=）thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
Thisisthefactorywhere（=）weworkedayearago.
Idon’tbelievethereasonwhy(=)hewaslateforschool.

Ⅳ.關(guān)系代詞thatwhich的區(qū)別:
⒈只用that的情況
①先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代詞時(shí)。
eg.Thereisnothing()canpreventhimfromdoingit.
②先行詞被any,only,few,no,very,little等修飾時(shí)。
eg.Thisistheverybook()I’mlookingfor.
③先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。
eg.Thefirstplace()theyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.
Thisisthebestfilm()Ihaveeverseen.
④先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。
eg.Hetalkedaboutthingsandpersons()theyrememberedintheschool.
⑤先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)。
eg.Mr.Smithistheonlyforeigner()heknows.
⑥句中已有who或which,為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)。
eg.Whoistheman()isstandingbesideTom?
⒉不能用that的情況：
①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；
eg.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,()madehisfatherveryangry.
②介詞+關(guān)系代詞。
eg.Thisistheroomin（）myfatherlivedlastyear.

Ⅴ.as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)的用法(as相當(dāng)于thatwhich)
①as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句通常用于thesame…as,such…as結(jié)構(gòu)中。
eg.Thisisthesamebook()Ilentyou.
Suchmachines()areusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.
②as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置靈活，用來修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。
eg.()Iexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.
Taiwan,()weallknow,belongstoChina.

Ⅵ.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的主要區(qū)別:
限制性定語從句:一般緊跟在先行詞后面,不用逗號(hào)把從句與先行詞分隔開來。使先行詞的意思十分明確,成為特定的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就會(huì)失去意義不能成立,或意思不清楚,不能說明問題。通常譯為定語。
非限制性定語從句:通常由逗號(hào)與句子其他成分隔開。只是對(duì)先行詞作進(jìn)一步的說明,沒有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清楚。通常譯為并列的句子。
eg.Iwastheonlypersoninouroffice（）wasinvited.（去掉定語從句，意思就不完整）
Tom’sfather,（）isoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.（整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來翻譯）

Ⅶ.分隔定語從句
即先行詞與關(guān)系代詞、副詞之間被介詞短語，同位語，謂語等分隔開來。
此種定語從句，在選擇關(guān)系詞時(shí)，要注意找準(zhǔn)先行詞。
eg.Thereisanexpressioninhiseyes（）Ican’tunderstand.
Iwastheonlypersoninmyoffice()wasinvitedtotheimportantball.
IsuggestyouchoosesomeoneIthink()isverykindandfriendly.

選擇填空：
1.ItwasApril29,2011　PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.
A.that　B.whenC.sinceD.before
2.)Gutteroilisillegallyrecycledcookingoil,　containschemicalsthatareharmfultothehumanbodyandcanevencausecancer.
A.itB.whichC.whereD.that
3.Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,　theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
4.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses　arebuiltclosetoeachother.
A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that
5.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,　itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while
6.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof　-------usesitsomewhatdifferently.
A.whichB.whatC.themD.those
7.Abankistheplace　theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there
8.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents　------allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who
9TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,　------isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.
A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which
10.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction------　hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.
A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich
11.Theschoolshop,　customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.
A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where
12.Hewassopleasedwithall　wehaddoneforhim　hewroteusalettertopraiseforit.
A.what;whatB.what;thatC.that;whatD.that;that
13.Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,　isknowntoeverybody.
A.itB.asC.thatD.what
14.　isoftenthecasewithelderpeople,mygrandma,talkedaboutmynewhairstyleforatleast50minutesnonstop.
A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It
15.Aftergraduatingfromhighschool,youwillreachapointinyourlife　-------youneedtodecidewhattodo.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
16.Thenovelwascompletedin1978,　theeconomicsystemhasseengreatchanges.
A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen
17.Booksbringusintothepresenceofthegreatestminds　haveeverlived.
A.whichB.whoC.不填D.that
18.Theworld　ismadeupofmatter.
A.inthatweliveB.onwhichwelive
C.whereweliveinD.welivein
19.Davidissuchagoodboy　alltheteacherslike.
A.thatB.whoC.asD.whom
20.Isthisthereason　atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
A.heexplainedB.whatheexplained
C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained
21.HewasveryangryandIcanstillremembertheway　hespoketome.
A.howB.thatC.whatD.which
22.That’sthenewmachine　partsaretoosmalltobeseen.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what
23.I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool　-------ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.
A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which