定語(yǔ)從句高中教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2020-12-09高考語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題:定語(yǔ)從句。
高考語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題:定語(yǔ)從句
考綱新研讀
考查的重點(diǎn)是介詞+關(guān)系代詞which,whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句也時(shí)有考查。
1.限制性定語(yǔ)從句
句子作定語(yǔ),由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),被修飾部
分叫先行詞。
(1)關(guān)系代詞:that,which,who,whom,whose,在句子中
作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。
that,指人或物:
Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
Thefinger(that)Iputintomymouthwasnottheone
(that)I
haddippedintothecup.
which,指物:
Achemical’sshopisashopwhichsellsmedicine.(作主語(yǔ))
Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.(作賓語(yǔ))
who,whom,whose,指人,分別做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ):
Themanwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisournewheadmaster.
Who’stheman(whom)youjusttalkedto?
Thisistheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.
介詞后指人用whom,指物用which。
介詞可提前,也可在后;在后時(shí)可用who,that,也可省略:
Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.
=Thisistheroom
(which/that)welivedinlastyear.
Who’sthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?=Who’sthe
man(who/whom/that)youjustshookhandswith?
但是固定搭配,介詞不能提前:
Isthisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor?
(2)關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why,在定語(yǔ)從句中分別作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)
和原因狀語(yǔ)。
when,指時(shí)間:
Istillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)IfirstcametoBeijing.
比較:IstillrememberthedaythatIspentinBeijing.
where,指地點(diǎn):
Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)Ilivedtwoyearsago.
比較:ThisisthehousethatIboughttwoyearsago.
why,指原因:在“reason”后:
Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthatthecarbrokedownontheway.
比較:Thereasonthathegaveusisnotreasonable.
(3)thesame...as;such...as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
Youshouldpaymoreattentiontosuchmistakesasyoumadelast
time.
Thisissuchaninterestingbookaseveryonelikestoread.
(4)定語(yǔ)從句典例:
LiHuaisoneoftheboyswhoareneverlateforschool.
(who指boys)
李華是從不遲到的男孩之一。
LiHuaistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoisneverlateforschool.
(who指one)
李華是男孩中唯一從不遲到的。
Isthisnewteachingbuildingtheoneyouvisitedlastnight?
(變?yōu)殛愂鼍浜?,is移到building之后。)
Isthisthenewteachingbuildingyouvisitedlastnight?
(變?yōu)殛愂鼍浜?,is移到this之后。)
Whoisthemanthatistalkingwithourteacher?
(為避免重復(fù),用that不用who)
(5)定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn):
A.that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:
Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.
(that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,that作賓語(yǔ),可省略。)
ThefactthattheChineseinventedthecompassisknownto
all.
(that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句,that不作成分,不能省略,句子
介紹的是fact的具體內(nèi)容。)
B.用that不用which:兩者都可表物,大部分情況可通用,但下
列情況例外:
先行詞為all,few,much,little,nothing,everything,anything等:
Allthatmustbedonehasbeendone.
ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.
先行詞被all,few,little,any,thevery,theonly,first,second,
last或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí):
That’stheonlythingthatwecandonow.
ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.
先行詞既有人也有物時(shí):
Myfatherandhisteachertalkedofthingsandpersons(that)
theyrememberedintheschool.
C.用which不用that:指物,在介詞后或引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:
I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.
Thatwastheway(inwhich)shelookedafterus.
Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedalloverthe
world.
2.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ),而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
只是附加說(shuō)明,如果去掉,主句意思仍然清楚。非限制性定語(yǔ)從
句用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi),由which,who,whom,whose,where,when、
等引導(dǎo):
Hisbrother,whoisaPLAman,wrotetohim.(只有一個(gè)哥哥)
HisbrotherwhoisaPLAmanwrotetohim.(不只一個(gè)哥哥)
Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedalloverthe
world.
We’llputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbeso
busy.
Hetookoutapieceofpaper,onwhichwerewrittensomewords.
Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.
比較:“他有兩個(gè)女兒,其中一個(gè)是護(hù)士?!?br>
Hehastwodaughters,oneofwhomworksasanurse.
(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
Hehastwodaughters,andoneofthemworksasanurse.(并列句)
另外,as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,可代替整個(gè)句子,as指熟知的內(nèi)容,引導(dǎo)的句子可在句首、句中和句尾;而which指沒(méi)想到的事情或客觀事實(shí),且只能在句尾。比較:
Asisknowntoall,TaiwanbelongstoChina.
Theearth,asweknow,goesaroundthesun.
Heisagainsttheidea,ascanbeexpected.
HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoesn’tlike.
Sheremarried,aswehadexpected.
3.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
(1)介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾物時(shí)用which不用that,
修飾人時(shí)用whom不用who。例如:
Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.
Who’sthecomradewithwhomyoujustshookhands?
(2)注意:固定搭配,介詞不能提前。例如:
Isthisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor?
(3)既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
例如:
Behaviorisamirrorinwhicheveryoneshowshisimage.
Lifeisapieceofwhitepaper,onwhicheveryonecanputone
ortwooftheirownwordsdown.
Theyarrivedatanoldchurch,infrontofwhichstoodabig
crowdofpeople.
Alsopresentweretwoofhiscolleagues,oneofwhomwas
injured.
高考新剖析
1.Aperson__________e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeableto
sendorreceiveanye-mails.[年高考天津卷]
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever
2.Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,________wasverykind
ofhim.[年高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
C
A
3.Wewentthroughaperiod_________communicationswerevery
difficultintheruralareas.[2008年高考上海卷]
A.whichB.whose
C.inwhichD.withwhich
4.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut__________he
saidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythat
C.inthewayD.thewaywhich
5.Anyway,thatevening,__________I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,
IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.
A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which
6.GeorgeOrwell,__________wasEricArthur,wrotemany
politicalnovelsandessays.
A.therealnameB.whathisrealname
C.hisrealnameD.whoserealname
C
A
D
D
7.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?
—Thereisnooneelse__________,isthere?
A.whototurntoB.shecanturnto
C.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn
8.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,__________shewenton
tohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.
A.afterthatB.fromthat
C.fromwhichD.afterwhich
9.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,__________
wasbeyondhiswildestdream.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
10.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,__________hewent
ontoBeijingUniversity.
A.afterwhichB.afterthat
C.inwhichD.inthat
B
D
A
A
精題新探究
__________isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywas
completelybetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.
A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It
2.Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames__________Ihaveeverseen.
A.whereB.thatC.whatD.which
3.Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear,__________uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.
A.inwhichB.forwhich
C.withwhichD.ofwhom
4.Children,inmyopinion,__________creativeabilityisunthinkablyrich,isseldomtakennoticeofbyus,__________shouldbetrainedinthatarea.
A.which;thatB.whose;which
C.which;whichD.whose;that
C
B
D
B
5.Atlast,thethiefhadtohandineverything__________hehad
stolentothepolice.
A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that
6.__________isknowntotheworld,China’sLiuXiangbecame
thefirstAsianinhistorytowinthemen’s110mhurdlesatthe
OlympicGames.
A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It
7.Idon’tknowthereason__________youwereabsentfromthe
meeting,butIamnotsurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason
__________youhaven’ttoldme.
A.why;thatB.that;why
C.because;whyD.ofwhich;that
8.Whenshecamebackfromabroad,Lucytoldusaboutthe
citiesandthepeople__________shehadvisited.
A.thatB.whoC.whereD.which
D
C
A
A
9.Becauseofthetrafficjam__________Iwascaught,Iwaslatefor
themeeting.
A.bywhichB.inwhich
C.thatD.where
10.Inmyhometown,thereisamysteriousdarkhole,__________
depthhasneverbeenmeasured.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose
11.Onthewhole,thetime__________thestudentsdevotetothe
gameintheInternetcafeswithoutdoubthasagreateffectonthe
studyintheschool.
A.inwhichB.onwhich
C.whenD.that
12.Canyouthinkofsomecases_________studentsobviouslyknow
theproblemsbutcan’tworkthemout?
A.asB.whereC.whyD.which
B
D
D
B
13.Alicestoodinfrontofthewindow,__________shecouldwatch
herclassmatesplayingfootball.
A.fromthereB.where
C.fromwhereD.there
14.Shekepttellingherfathertopayattentiontohisownhealth,
__________,infact,didn’thelpatall.
A.whichB.heC.itD.while
15.JackieRobinsonWilliamshopedtobecomeasfamousasthe
player__________hewasnamed.
A.afterwhomB.which
C.aswhoD.that
C
A
A
延伸閱讀
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句
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Unit7TheSea
語(yǔ)法剖析
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句;引導(dǎo)詞前有介詞的定語(yǔ)從句
1.觀察下列句子:?
TheplacewhereIwentlastsummeristheMountainTai.我去去的地方是泰山。?
IrememberthedayswhenIstayedinThailand.我還記得在泰國(guó)的那些日子。?
ThereasonwhyJackissohappyisthathepassedtheexam.杰克之所以那么高興是因?yàn)樗ㄟ^(guò)了考試。?
我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了用關(guān)系代詞that,which,who/whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句?;貞浺幌乱?guī)則,我們可以判斷,以上的三個(gè)句子不可以用這幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。因?yàn)?,關(guān)系代詞要在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),而這幾個(gè)句子中,定語(yǔ)從句部分均不缺這兩種成分,所以,應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系副詞where,when和why。顯然,where的先行詞應(yīng)該是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞或代詞,when的先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞或代詞;而why的先行詞應(yīng)該是表示原因的名詞reason。
2.我們對(duì)上面的三個(gè)句子作些改變:?
TheplacetowhichIwentlastsummeristheMountainTai.?
IrememberthedaysinwhichIstayedinThailand.?
ThereasonforwhichJackissohappyisthathepassedtheexam.?
可以看出,上面的三個(gè)句子都需要代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo),并作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。所以,我們要用關(guān)系代詞which或that。但是,that是不能跟在介詞之后引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的。因此,這三個(gè)句子都用which來(lái)作引導(dǎo)詞。
3.介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前的注意事項(xiàng):?
(1)有的介詞是定語(yǔ)從句中詞組的固定搭配拆開(kāi)的結(jié)果,即用什么介詞由從句中的動(dòng)詞決定。如:?
Heistheboywho/whomIwastalkingto.他是我剛才與之交談的男孩。?
→HeistheboytowhomIwastalking.?
(2)有的介詞是根據(jù)句意添加上去的,即用什么介詞由先行詞決定。如:?
Thisisthesubjectonwhichhemadegreatprogress.這就是他取得巨大進(jìn)步的科目。?
Heemployed30men,ofwhom12werefromhishometown.他雇了30個(gè)人,其中有12個(gè)是他的老鄉(xiāng)。?
(3)定語(yǔ)從句中的詞組若是十分密切的固定搭配,一般不可拆開(kāi)。如:?
Isthisthepenthat/whichyouarelookingfor?這是你在找的那枝筆嗎??
Thebabywho/whommysistertakescareofissolovely.我姐姐照顧的那個(gè)嬰兒是如此的可愛(ài)。(4)表時(shí)間的“介詞+which”=when;表地點(diǎn)的“介詞+which”=where;表原因的“for+which”=why。
復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)中的比較結(jié)構(gòu)?
1.比較結(jié)構(gòu)通常有下列表現(xiàn)形式:?
(1)表述兩者或兩者以上在某方面相似:as...as...?
(2)表述兩者或兩者以上在某方面程度不同:notas...as...;more...than...?
(3)表述某人或某物在某方面的獨(dú)特或獨(dú)一無(wú)二:themost+adj.?如:?
MikeisastallasourP.E.teacher.麥克和體育老師一樣高。?
IamnotastallasMike,thatis,heistallerthanI.
?我不如麥克高,也就是說(shuō),他比我高。?
Mikeisthetallestboyinourclass,thatis,nooneistallerthanhim.
?麥克是我們班上最高的男生,就是說(shuō),沒(méi)人比他更高。
2.幾種特殊的比較結(jié)構(gòu):
(1)表述某人或某物在某方面無(wú)與倫比:?
Won’tfindamore...=bethemost... 如:?
Mickisthetallestboyinourclass,thatis,youwon?tfindatallerboyhere!
?麥克是我們班上最高的男生,就是說(shuō),在這里,你不會(huì)見(jiàn)到比他更高的男生了。?
(2)表述“越……就越……”:themore...,themore... 如:?
Themoreheeats,thefatterhebecomes;thefatterhebecomes,thelessconfidenthewillbe.
?吃得越多,他就越胖;變得越胖,他就越?jīng)]有自信。?
(3)表述某人或某物在某方面的程度成倍數(shù)關(guān)系:?
①倍數(shù)+as...as:是……的幾倍?
②倍數(shù)+more...than:比……程度強(qiáng)/多幾倍?
③倍數(shù)+the+抽象名詞(表示“量度、程度”等意義的詞):是……的幾倍 如:?
“長(zhǎng)江的長(zhǎng)度是這條河的三倍”有三種表達(dá)方式:?
TheChangjiangRiveristhreetimesaslongasthisriver.?
TheChangjiangRiveristwicelongerthanthisriver.?
TheChangjiangRiveristhreetimesthelengthofthisriver.
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)專(zhuān)題精講
高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)精講(配最新高考+模擬)
專(zhuān)題01定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句在歷年的高考全國(guó)卷及各地卷的單項(xiàng)填空中,都是考試熱點(diǎn)。在今后的高考試題中,定語(yǔ)從句仍是考查的重點(diǎn)。
定語(yǔ)從句常被考查的知識(shí)有:(1)九個(gè)不同的關(guān)系代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句;(2)七個(gè)不同的關(guān)系代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;(3)對(duì)as,which,that,what代詞的理解區(qū)分及運(yùn)用??疾橥峭ㄟ^(guò)關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),并考查定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句的區(qū)別??傊?,對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要集中在關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇上,我們尤其要注意“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。
一、定語(yǔ)從句的意義?
形容詞性從句一般稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)從句,在句子中起定語(yǔ)作用,修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,有時(shí)可修飾一個(gè)句子。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。?
定語(yǔ)從句的位置:一般置于先行詞之后,由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。??
二、關(guān)系詞的用法?
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有which,that,who,whom,whose。?
關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。?
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞不僅有連接先行詞和從句的作用,而且在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。
1.關(guān)系代詞的用法:?
1)由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句?
關(guān)系代詞who只能指人,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如:?
Ateacherisapersonwhopassesknowledgetothestudent.?
教師是傳授知識(shí)的人。(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ))?
Themanwhocandothisworkwillget1000dollars.?
能夠做此工作的人將獲得1000美元。(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語(yǔ))?
2)由whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句?
關(guān)系代詞whom只能指人,是who的賓格,在從句中作賓語(yǔ),在口語(yǔ)中常常省略。如:?
Themanwhomyoumetonthestreetismyfather.?
你在街上碰到的那個(gè)人是我父親。(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作賓語(yǔ),可以省略)?
Thewoman(whom)youtalkedwithyesterdaywillcomeherethedayaftertomorrow.?
昨天和你談話的那位婦女后天來(lái)這兒。(關(guān)系代詞whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ),可以?省略)??
3)由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句?
關(guān)系代詞that在從句中既可以作主語(yǔ),又可作賓語(yǔ);既可指人,又可指物。如:?
Sheisthewomanthatoftencomeshere.?
她就是常常來(lái)這兒的那個(gè)婦女。(關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語(yǔ),指人)?
Thebookthatisonthedeskwaswrittenbymygrandfather.?
桌子上的那本書(shū)是我祖父寫(xiě)的。(關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語(yǔ),指物。此句中的that可以用which替換)?
IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?我能為你做點(diǎn)什么呢?(關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作賓語(yǔ),指物。此句中的that不能用which替換)?
Thepassengerandthesuitcasesthatwerestillwaitinghadtobetransferredtoanotherplane.仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飛機(jī)。(這句的關(guān)系代詞that不能用which替換,因?yàn)樗诖司渲屑戎溉擞种肝??
4)由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句?
關(guān)系代詞which一般指物,在從句中可作主語(yǔ),也可以作賓語(yǔ)。如:?
Hecamelate,whichmadetheteacherangry.?
他來(lái)晚了,這使老師很生氣。(which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ))?
ThatisthepencilwhichIlostyesterday.?
那就是我昨天丟失的鉛筆。(which引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作賓語(yǔ),which可以省略)5)由whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句?
關(guān)系代詞whose是who的所有格,在從句中作定語(yǔ),既可指人,又可指物。如:?
Thisistheboywhoseparentsdiedlastyear.這是那個(gè)父母去年去世的男孩。(whose作定語(yǔ),指人)?
注:“whose+名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語(yǔ)從句中既能作主語(yǔ),又能作賓語(yǔ)。whose的先行詞常用來(lái)指人,但有時(shí)也可以用來(lái)指具體事物或抽象概念,這時(shí)可以與ofwhich結(jié)構(gòu)互換,詞序是:“名詞+ofwhich”。如:?
Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown.(=thebackwallofwhich)他們來(lái)到后墻已經(jīng)倒塌的一個(gè)房子。?
He’swrittenabookthenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.(=whosename)他寫(xiě)了本書(shū),書(shū)的名字我徹底忘了。
2.使用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)?
1)當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí),許多情況下既可以用that也可以用who,但在下列情況下,宜用who而不用that。?
先行詞是one,ones,anyone時(shí),宜用who。如:?
Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.?
任何觸犯法律的人都應(yīng)該受到?懲罰。??
先行詞為those時(shí),宜用who。如:?
Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsignuphere.想看電影的人在這兒簽名。?
一個(gè)句子帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用that,另一個(gè)用who。?
Theboythatyoumetattheschoolgateyesterdaymorningisourmonitorwhostudiesveryhard.
昨天早上你在校門(mén)口遇到的那個(gè)男孩是我們班學(xué)習(xí)很用功的班長(zhǎng)。?
2)當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí),許多情況下,既可以用關(guān)系代詞which,也可用關(guān)系代詞that,但在下列情況中,只能用關(guān)系代詞that,而不用which。?
在there+be的句型中,句子的主語(yǔ)是先行詞,而且又是物。如:?
TherearetwonovelsthatIwanttoread.我要讀的有兩本小說(shuō)。?
Thereisnoworkthatcanbedonenow.沒(méi)有什么工作現(xiàn)在能做的了。?
當(dāng)先行詞為主句的表語(yǔ)或者關(guān)系代詞為從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:?
Thisisthebookthatwasboughtyesterday.這就是昨天買(mǎi)的書(shū)。?
Ourschoolisnolongertheschoolthatitusedtobe.我們的學(xué)校不再是以前的學(xué)校了。
以Hereis(are)開(kāi)頭的句子時(shí)。如:?
Hereisafilmthatwillmoveanyone.這是一部將使任何人受感動(dòng)的電影。?
HerearetwobooksthatIwillbuy.這是我要買(mǎi)的兩本書(shū)。?
Itis(high)time+定語(yǔ)從句中。如:?
Itistimethatweshouldhavearest.我們應(yīng)該休息了。?
Itishightimethattheystartedout.他們?cè)搫?dòng)身了。?
當(dāng)先行詞是way等詞時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用that或者inwhich在定語(yǔ)從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí),在口語(yǔ)中,??墒÷浴H纾?
Thisisthewaythatmyfatherdidthiswork.這就是我父親做此工作的方式。?
SheadmiredthewayinwhichIansweredthequestions.她羨慕我回答問(wèn)題的方式。?
在雙重限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,如果一個(gè)從句用who或者which引導(dǎo)時(shí),那么另一個(gè)從句用that引導(dǎo)。如:?
HeisthestudentthatIhaveeverseewhocanjumphighest.?
他是我曾經(jīng)看到過(guò)跳的最高的學(xué)生。?
Mybrotherstudiesintheschoolwhichisthemostbeautifulinourcitythatisn’tfarfromhere.?
我的弟弟在我們的城市最美麗的學(xué)校讀書(shū),并且離這兒不遠(yuǎn)。?
當(dāng)先行詞被thelast,thevery和theonly修飾時(shí)。如:?
ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.這正是我找的鋼筆。?
TheonlybookIwanttoreadismissing.我惟一想看的書(shū)不見(jiàn)了。?
在強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中,并且以who,which,what開(kāi)頭時(shí)。如:?
Whowasitthatwaslost?究竟是誰(shuí)迷路了?(此句中,最好不用who來(lái)代替that,避免重復(fù))Whatwasitthatyoudidlastweek?你上周究竟做什么了??
當(dāng)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞時(shí)。如:?
YouarethefirstpersonthatIwanttoaskfor.你是我要見(jiàn)的第一個(gè)人。?
ThisisthesecondbookthatIhaveeverwritten.這是我寫(xiě)的第二本書(shū)。?
當(dāng)先行詞被all,every,no,some,few,little,much,both等修飾時(shí),如:?
ThisisallthatIwanttosayatthemeeting.這就是我在會(huì)上要說(shuō)的。?
Haveyouanybooksthatareworthreading?你有值得看的書(shū)嗎??
當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。如:?
TheprofessorandhisachievementthatIheardaboutareadmiredbythem.?
我聽(tīng)說(shuō)的那位教授和他的成就得到他們的贊美。?
Let’stalkaboutthepersonsandthethingsthatwecanremember.?
讓我們談?wù)撃軌蛳肫鸬娜撕褪隆?
當(dāng)先行詞為anything,everything,nothing時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用that,不用which;但用something時(shí),用which或者that均可。如:?
EverythingwehaveseeninChinaismoving.我們?cè)谥袊?guó)看見(jiàn)的東西件件感人。?
Ihavenothingthatisworthreading.我沒(méi)有什么值得一讀的東西。?
當(dāng)先行詞是疑問(wèn)代詞who時(shí)。如:?
Whothatyouhaveeverseencanbeathiminchess?你曾見(jiàn)過(guò)誰(shuí)能在棋藝上打敗他??
3)that,which,whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)可以省略。如:?
Thisisthebook(which)youwerelookingforyesterday.這就是你昨天找的那本書(shū)。?
Idon’tlikethenovel(that)youarereading.我不喜歡你看的這本小說(shuō)。?
4)定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的人稱(chēng)、數(shù)與先行詞一致。如:?
Thosewhoareintheirfortiesarerequiredtohaveaphysicalexaminationthisafternoon.?
請(qǐng)那些年齡在四十幾歲的人于今天下午去進(jìn)行體檢。?
(先行詞those是復(fù)數(shù),關(guān)系代詞who也就看作是復(fù)數(shù),所以從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用了復(fù)數(shù)形式are了)?
Thisisthemagazinewhichwassenttomebypost.這是通過(guò)郵局寄給我的雜志。?
(先行詞themagazine是單數(shù),關(guān)系代詞which也就看作是單數(shù),所以從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用了單數(shù)形式wassent)?
5)定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不要求與主句時(shí)態(tài)一致。如:?
ThestorywhichIreadlastnightisveryinteresting.?
我昨天晚上看的那則故事非常有趣。
3.關(guān)系副詞的用法?
1)when指時(shí)間,在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),它的先行詞通常有time,day,morning,night,week,year等。如:?
IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstbecameacollegestudent.?
我仍然記得我成為大學(xué)生的那個(gè)時(shí)刻。?
DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?你知道林肯出生的日期嗎??
注:when時(shí)常可以省略,特別是在某些句型和某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中。如:?
Eachtimehecame,hedidhisbesttohelpus.每次他來(lái),都盡他所能幫我們。?
2)where指地點(diǎn),在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。它的先行詞通常有place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。如:?
Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.這是他們住的旅館。?
IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.我不記得史密斯先生住過(guò)的房子了。?
注:where有時(shí)也可以省略。如:?
Thisistheplace(where)wemetyesterday.這是我們昨天見(jiàn)面的地方。?
3)why指原因或理由,它的先行詞只有reason。如:?
Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.那就是他為什么要離開(kāi)的原因。?
注:why時(shí)常也可以省略。如:?
Thatistherealreasonhedidit.那就是他做此事的真正原因。
4.使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn):?
1)這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu):?
when=on(in,at,during...)+which;?
where=in(at,on...)+which;?
why=forwhich.如:?
IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.?
他到的時(shí)候,當(dāng)時(shí)我正在北京。?
Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.?
他工作的辦公室在?三樓。??
Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.這是我們做這件事的主要原因。?
2)當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time,day等和表地點(diǎn)的place,house等時(shí),一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu),如果缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that,缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí),才能用when或where,試比較:?
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.?
我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我的家鄉(xiāng)被解放的那一天。?
I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.?
我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記去年夏天我們共同度過(guò)的那段時(shí)光。?
3)when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。而why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。??
三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句?
在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,關(guān)系代詞若是表示人時(shí),就只能用whom;關(guān)系代詞若是表示事物時(shí),就只能用which。
1.當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí),介詞賓語(yǔ)只能用which(指物)或whom關(guān)系代詞不能省略。如:
Hehasfoundagoodjobforwhichheisqualified.?
他找到了一份他能勝任的工作。?
(qualify+名詞+for意為“使……具有……資格”)?
Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowwillchairthemeetingtomorrow.?
你剛才與他談話的那個(gè)人明天主持那個(gè)會(huì)議。(talkto+名詞意為“與某人談話”)?
Heisbargainingwiththelandlordoverthemonthlypriceatwhichtheapartmentrents.他在與房東就那套公寓出租的月租金進(jìn)行磋商。(名詞+rentat+表示價(jià)格的詞意為“某物以某價(jià)格出租”)
2.當(dāng)介詞位于定語(yǔ)從句的末尾時(shí),可用that/which(指物),that/whom/who(指人)作介詞的賓語(yǔ),而且作介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞往往省略。如:?
Thisisthehero(that/who/whom)weareproudof.這就是我們引以為豪的英雄。?
Thisisthepen(that/which)Iwrotetheletterwith.這就是我用來(lái)寫(xiě)信的那枝筆。
3.“復(fù)合介詞短語(yǔ)+關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,這種結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常與先行詞用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),定語(yǔ)從句常用倒裝語(yǔ)序。?
Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.?
他住在一所大房子里,房前有一棵大高樹(shù)。?
Themonkeycrossedtheriver,inthemiddleofwhichhewasalmostkilled.?
那只猴子過(guò)了河,在河中央它差點(diǎn)淹死。?
注意:在一些固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中,由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不可分割,因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。如:?
ThisisthepenwhichI’mlookingfor.這正是我在尋找的那枝筆。?
Theboysheislookingafterareveryhealthy.他照看的那些小男孩都很健康。
4.介詞+關(guān)系代詞=關(guān)系副詞?
1)這就是我們?nèi)ツ曜∵^(guò)的房間。?
Thisistheroomwhichwelivedinlastyear.?
Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.?
Thisistheroomwherewelivedlastyear.?
2)我仍然記得我入黨的那一天。?
IstillrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.?
IstillrememberthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.?
通過(guò)對(duì)上述知識(shí)的掌握,對(duì)于一個(gè)句子我們可用不同的表達(dá)方法來(lái)表達(dá)。如:?
那就是他工作的大學(xué)。?
四、定語(yǔ)從句的種類(lèi)以及區(qū)別
1.定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,現(xiàn)將它們之間的用法及區(qū)別列表如下
限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
和先行詞的關(guān)系密切(刪去后,影響整個(gè)句子意義的表達(dá))和先行詞的關(guān)系不密切(是一種補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,刪去后不影響整個(gè)句子意義的表達(dá))
不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)一般使用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)
可用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)不可用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)
可以省略(that,who,which在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略)不可以省略
可以替代(whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可用who或that替代)不能替代
只可以修飾先行詞,不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分修飾整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分,此時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句前有逗號(hào)分開(kāi),只能用which或as引導(dǎo)。
請(qǐng)看下面例句的不同含義:?
限制性:她有兩個(gè)當(dāng)解放軍的兒子。?
ShehastwosonswhoareP.L.A.men.?
(MaybeshehasothersonswhoarenotP.L.A.men.)?
非限制性:她有兩個(gè)兒子,他們都是解放軍。?
Shehastwosons,whoareP.L.A.men.?
(Shehasonlytwosons.TheyarebothP.L.A.men.)?
體會(huì)下列非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?
YesterdayImetLiPing,whoseemedtobebusy.?
昨天我遇到了李平,他看起來(lái)?很忙。??
Wewillputoffthemeetinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.?
我們將把會(huì)議推遲到下周舉行,到那時(shí)我們就不會(huì)這么忙了。
2.關(guān)系代詞which與as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別?
which與as都可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,但它們有許多用法上的區(qū)別,現(xiàn)就此簡(jiǎn)要分析如下:??
1)which與as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:?
which只能放在主句后面,而as引導(dǎo)的從句位置相對(duì)較靈活,可在前,可在后。如:?
Asherealized,Iwasveryusefultohim.?
(在前)正像他所意識(shí)到的那樣,我對(duì)他非常有用。?
Air,asweknow,isagas.(在中)空氣,眾所周知,是一種氣體。?
Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.?
(在后)他是個(gè)外國(guó)人,正像我從他的口音判斷的那樣。?
Hecamelateagain,whichmadehisbossangry.?
(在后)他又來(lái)晚了,這一點(diǎn)使得老板很生氣。?
在which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若是am,is,are,則這些系動(dòng)詞不能省略,而as后面若是這種情況,則可以省略。如:?
Heisateacher,as(is)clearfromhismanner.(is可以省略)他是個(gè)老師,這從他的言談舉止可看清楚。?
Hesaidhehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.?
(was不可省略)他說(shuō)他從來(lái)沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)她,這一點(diǎn)不對(duì)。?
當(dāng)which引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上近乎并列關(guān)系時(shí),可以用andthis,andthat代替,意思是“這件事”。如:?
Hechangedhismind,which(andthis,andthat)mademeveryangry.?
他改變了主意,這使我很生氣。?
Shehasmarriedagain,which(andthis,andthat)wasunexpected.?
出乎意料的是,她又結(jié)婚了。?
而as主要起與上下文連接的作用,表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的看法、觀點(diǎn),并指出主句內(nèi)容的出處或根據(jù)等。如:?
Einstein,asweknow,isafamousscientist.愛(ài)因斯坦,眾所周知,是位偉大的科學(xué)家。?
Asisannouncedintoday’snewspaper,wemustimproveourstyleofwork.?
今天的報(bào)紙上說(shuō),我們必須改進(jìn)工作作風(fēng)。?
作主語(yǔ)時(shí),which既可以作系動(dòng)詞be的主語(yǔ),也可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ),而as只可以作系動(dòng)詞be的主語(yǔ)。如:?
Hemarriedher,whichwasnatural.?
(可用as代替which)他和她結(jié)婚,這是很自然的事。??
Hewona/theNobelPrizeinchemistry,whichmadehimillustrious.?
(不可用as代替which)他獲得了諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng),這使他名揚(yáng)天下。?
當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句位于主句之后,純粹表示主句所述的內(nèi)容,不帶有“如……那樣”的意思時(shí),往往用which,而不用as。如:?
Theywereinvitedtothestatebanquet,whichwasagreathonortothem.?
他們被邀請(qǐng)參加國(guó)宴,這對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)是莫大的榮幸。?
Wehadtosleepinourwetclothes,whichwasmostuncomfortable.?
我們不得不穿著濕衣服睡覺(jué),這簡(jiǎn)直太不舒服了。?
Mummyalwaystreatsmejustlikeababy,whichIcan’tbear.?
媽媽老把我當(dāng)成小孩子對(duì)待,這讓我無(wú)法忍受。?
當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句有“如同……那樣”的意思時(shí),用as比用which更常見(jiàn),而這些從句幾乎成為固定說(shuō)法。如:
Thingswillturnoutcontrarytoone’swishes,asisoftenthecase.?
事與愿違,這是常有的事。?
Aswasnatural,thisinordinatehopewasfollowedbyanexcessivedepression.?
這種過(guò)分希望之后,接著是極度的沮喪,是很自然的事。?
Chaucerisburiedin“Poet’sCorner”,asmighthavebeenexpected.?
正如人們已經(jīng)預(yù)料的,喬叟被葬在“詩(shī)人角”。?
Thematerialiselastic,asisshowinthefigure.這種材料有彈性,如圖所示。?
asweknow眾所周知?
ashasbeensaidabove/before正如前文所述?
ashasbeenpointedout正如已經(jīng)指出的?
asmightbeimagined可以想像得到?
當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞指的是先行詞本身時(shí),只能用which。如:?
Theseappletrees,whichIplantedthreeyearsago,havenotborneanyfruit.?
這些蘋(píng)果樹(shù)是我三年前種下的,沒(méi)結(jié)出任何果實(shí)。?
TheThames,whichisnowcleanenoughtoswimin,waspollutedforoverahundredyears.?
泰晤士河,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)很干凈,可以在里面游泳,它曾被污染了一百多年。?
帶介詞的典型的定語(yǔ)從句,必須用which,不能用as。如:?
Thereisagreatdealofoxygenaroundus,withoutwhichwecouldnotlive.我們周?chē)性S多氧氣,沒(méi)有它我們就無(wú)法生存。?
Theshedinourgarden,inwhichweoftenplayed,haslastedforalongtime.?
我們經(jīng)常玩耍的花園里的那個(gè)棚子,已經(jīng)有很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。?
2)引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)which與as的區(qū)別:?
先行詞如為表示物的名詞或代詞,在從句中又作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),只能用which。如:?
ThisisthepaninwhichIboiledthemilk.這就是我煮牛奶的鍋。?
前面有as時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用as,不用which。如:?
Thereareasmanydictionariesasareneeded.所需要的字典都有了。?
前面有such時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用as,不用which。如:?
SuchwomenasknowTomthoughthewascharming.?
認(rèn)識(shí)湯姆的女人都認(rèn)為他很?迷人。??
Ihaveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.他講的那些故事我從沒(méi)聽(tīng)過(guò)。?
HeisnotsuchamanasIexpected.他不是我期望的那種人。?
前面有thesame時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用as而不用which。如:?
Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.?
我們正面臨著和多年以前同樣的困難。?
ThisisthesamewalletasIlost.這只錢(qián)包與我丟失的那只相同。?
Ihavethesametroubleasyouhave.我和你有著同樣的困難。?
總之,which與as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別要在實(shí)踐中多體會(huì),體會(huì)多了,才能正確運(yùn)用。??五、定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞保持一致的問(wèn)題
1.oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)形動(dòng)詞。如:?
TitanicisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathavebeenproducedinHollywood.《泰坦尼克號(hào)》是在好萊塢拍的最好的電影之一。?
2.the(only)oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)形動(dòng)詞。如:?
TheGreatWallisthe(only)oneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.?
長(zhǎng)城是地球上惟一一個(gè)從月球上能夠看到的建筑。?
3.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞as或which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾主句內(nèi)容時(shí),若as或which作主語(yǔ),則從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:?
GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.?
中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化,眾所周知。?
4.其他情況?
I,whoamyourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyou.我,你的老師,要盡全力幫助你。?
ToownacolourTVsetineachfamily,whichwethoughtwasimpossibletwentyyearsago,nowbecomestrue.?
每家擁有一臺(tái)彩電,這在20年前我們認(rèn)為不可能的事情,現(xiàn)在變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。?
Haveyouheardofthepersonsandthingsthatarebeingtalkedabout??
你聽(tīng)說(shuō)了他們談?wù)摰娜撕褪铝藛幔??
定語(yǔ)從句
考點(diǎn)1“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom”中介詞和關(guān)系代詞的選擇
介詞后作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞為歷年高考考查的重點(diǎn),一般來(lái)講有兩個(gè):指人時(shí)只能用whom,指物時(shí)只能用which。當(dāng)然關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)也可用whose。如:
①ThepenwithwhichhewrotewasmadeinChina.他寫(xiě)字用的鋼筆是中國(guó)制造的。
②ThetrainonwhichTomtravelledtoCanadawasveryfast.湯姆到加拿大去時(shí)乘坐的火車(chē)速度非???。
③Theteacherinfrontofwhosehousestandsatalltreeisverypatientwithhisstudents.那位老師對(duì)他的學(xué)生非常有耐心,他家的房子前面有一棵大樹(shù)。
考點(diǎn)2as與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的判定
1.a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的從句表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)話語(yǔ)的看法、態(tài)度、解釋或評(píng)論。
(1)此時(shí)的as意為“正如……,正像……”。翻譯時(shí)有時(shí)可不必譯出。如:
Youareclever,asallthosewhoknowyoucansee.你很聰明,所有認(rèn)識(shí)你的人都能看出來(lái)。
(2)在句法上,as常用作一些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(如see,know,hear,watch,remember,say,tell,show,expect,guess等)的賓語(yǔ),這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞與as幾乎成了一種固定搭配。如:
Asweallknow,Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.眾所周知,中國(guó)正變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。
(3)as引導(dǎo)的從句可以前置(而which引導(dǎo)的從句則不可)。如:
Asisafact,Mikeisexpectedtomakeatopstudent.這是一個(gè)事實(shí),邁克有望成為一名頂尖的學(xué)生。
特別提示
主句中出現(xiàn)thesame,such,so修飾先行詞時(shí),要選擇as作關(guān)系代詞,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),此時(shí)as引導(dǎo)的是限制性定語(yǔ)從句。另外要注意:
(1)thesame…that與thesame…as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句在意義上的區(qū)別:前者修飾的名詞與原物是同一個(gè)東西;而后者修飾的是與先行詞同類(lèi)型的另一樣?xùn)|西。試比較:
①ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.這正是我昨天丟失的那個(gè)書(shū)包。(同一個(gè)書(shū)包)
②ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.這個(gè)書(shū)包和我昨天丟失的那個(gè)一樣。(同類(lèi)型的另一個(gè))
(2)such/so…as…和such/so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)不同,as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,而that引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。如:
①TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishaschildrencouldunderstand.他們用孩子們能聽(tīng)懂的簡(jiǎn)單的英語(yǔ)交談。(定語(yǔ)從句,as代替先行詞simpleEnglish作understand的賓語(yǔ))
②Heshutthewindowwithsuchaforcethattheglassbroke.他如此用力地關(guān)窗,結(jié)果玻璃碎了。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,that引導(dǎo)的從句表示用力關(guān)窗導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果)
2.which引導(dǎo)的此類(lèi)從句對(duì)主句所敘述的事情進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,表明事物的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。
(1)which此時(shí)指前面主句所提到的,常譯為“這一點(diǎn),這件事”等。主句與從句通常要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),且從句只能位于被修飾句子的后面。如:
Heworksverywell,whichmakeshisbosssatisfied.他工作干得不錯(cuò).,這使得他的老板很滿意。
(2)which在句法上一般用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ),這時(shí)它所引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間常含有并列、因果關(guān)系。如:
Shesucceededinthecompetition,whichsatisfiedherparents.她在比賽中取得成功,這使得她的父母很滿意。
(3)在從句中作定語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要用which。如:Heoftenworksfarintothenight,bywhichtimeeveryoneelsehaslefttheoffice.他通常工作到深夜,到那時(shí)其他人
已下班了。
特別提示
高考一般不考查as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別,但近年高考試題中出現(xiàn)過(guò)這個(gè)考點(diǎn)。一般來(lái)說(shuō),如果從句的含義是順接主句的敘述,那么這兩個(gè)詞都可以使用;如果從句的含義是對(duì)主句的否定,或者語(yǔ)意不是順接的,則只能用which。如:
①Hecamelatetoschool,which/aswaswhatwehadexpected.他上學(xué)遲到了,這是我們意料中的。
②Hecamelatetoschool,whichsurprisedUSa11.他上學(xué)遲到了,這讓我們所有人都很驚訝。(不可用as)
考點(diǎn)3關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的辨別
關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ);而關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等狀語(yǔ)。一般來(lái)說(shuō),關(guān)系副詞在語(yǔ)義上相當(dāng)于”介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較:
①I(mǎi)’llneverforgetthedayswhichIspentwithyou.我不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)谝黄鸲冗^(guò)的歲月。(which在定語(yǔ)從句中作spent的賓語(yǔ))
②I’llneverforgetthedayswhen(=inwhich)westudiedinBeijing.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們一起在北京學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)光。(when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),studied在此處為不及物動(dòng)詞,后面不再接賓語(yǔ))
考點(diǎn)4定語(yǔ)從句的間隔現(xiàn)象
定語(yǔ)從句一般緊接被它修飾的先行詞,但有時(shí)候它和先行詞之間有可能插入其他成分,使它與先行詞分隔開(kāi)來(lái),這種定語(yǔ)從句叫做被分隔的定語(yǔ)從句。在這種情況下,對(duì)關(guān)系詞的準(zhǔn)確判斷顯得相當(dāng)重要,而且在閱讀文章時(shí)會(huì)經(jīng)常遇到這種情況,在閱讀時(shí)要注意識(shí)別。一般來(lái)說(shuō),定語(yǔ)從句被分割開(kāi)來(lái)大致有以下三種情況:在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間插入一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ),或被謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分隔開(kāi)。如:
①DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?你還記得十年前的一天下午,我來(lái)到你家,找你借了一條鉆石項(xiàng)鏈嗎?
(先行詞oneafternoon與定語(yǔ)從句被狀語(yǔ)tenyearsago分隔開(kāi)了)
②AnewteacherwilleOlTletomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.明天,一位新老師將來(lái)教你們德語(yǔ)。(先行詞anewteacher與定語(yǔ)從句被謂語(yǔ)部分和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)willcometomorrow隔開(kāi)了)關(guān)系代詞在下列情況下常省略:(1)作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí);(2)作介詞的賓語(yǔ),當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞與介詞分開(kāi)使用時(shí),可以省略。但若是關(guān)系代詞與介詞連用,則不能省略。如:
①Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(作動(dòng)詞put的賓語(yǔ))
②whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)?(作介詞to的賓語(yǔ))
③PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那兒借的這本英文小說(shuō)。(關(guān)系代詞不能省略)
有些句型結(jié)構(gòu)如同位語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)較相似,稍不認(rèn)真就會(huì)出錯(cuò)。
1.定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一一步說(shuō)明和解釋?zhuān)瑢儆诿~性從句的范疇。如:
①HemakesapromisethatifheCallgetthejob,hewillworkhardtomakeasmuchmoneyashecanfortheeompany.他許諾如果他能獲得那份工作,他將努力為公司掙盡可能多的
錢(qián)。(that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞apromise的進(jìn)一步解釋和說(shuō)明)
②Mike’sparentsmadeaspecialpromisetoTomthatsurprisedTom.邁克的父母對(duì)湯姆許下了一個(gè)特別的諾言,這使得湯姆很驚奇。(that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞promise的修飾和限制)
2.定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別
定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判斷方法:若將句中的“Itis/was…that/who”去掉,而句子不缺成分,結(jié)構(gòu)完整,說(shuō)明原句是強(qiáng)
調(diào)句。如:
Itwasin1998thattheflooddestroyedmanyhousesinJiangxi.在1998年,洪水毀壞了江西地區(qū)很多的房屋。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
(判斷方法:如果去掉itwas和that,剩下in1998theflooddestroyedmanyhousesinJiangxi,句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,可判定原句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
3.定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
定語(yǔ)從句在句子中作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞、代詞或句子;并且,這個(gè)被修飾的名詞、代詞或句子稱(chēng)為先行詞,通常放在定語(yǔ)從句之前。狀語(yǔ)從句在句子中作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞;通常不同的狀語(yǔ)從句有不同的連詞,位置較靈活,通常放在句首或句末,有時(shí)也放在句中。
以where為例來(lái)說(shuō)明:
①Let’shaveashortmeetingwherewemetlasttime.我們?cè)谏洗我?jiàn)面的地方開(kāi)個(gè)短會(huì)吧。(Wherewemetlasttime是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句,在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),表示開(kāi)會(huì)的地方)
②Thisistheplacewherewehadameetinglasttime.這就是我們上次開(kāi)會(huì)的地方。(Wherewehadameetinglasttime是定語(yǔ)從句,在句中作定語(yǔ)修飾theplace)
23.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof________havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.
A.themB.that
C.whichD.what
此處先行詞是twonovels,后面是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句且介詞前置,因此用bothofwhich引導(dǎo)。句意:Maria寫(xiě)了兩部小說(shuō),兩部都被拍成了電視劇。
考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法。
23.Theairqualityinthecity,________isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.
A.thatB.itC.asD.what
本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞
C
本句難點(diǎn)是把定語(yǔ)從句分割出來(lái)放在句首就很明了了,把句子轉(zhuǎn)換成isshowninthereport,theairqualityinthecityhasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.就能直接看到非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞放句首指的是下文所提到的一句話用as引導(dǎo)“正如在所寫(xiě)的那樣”。
29.Alotoflanguagelearning,hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.
A.asB.itC.whichD.This
A
如果選擇B或D就出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)句子了。本題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系代詞指整個(gè)一句話Alotoflanguagelearningishappeninginthefirstyearoflife。傳統(tǒng)考法是直接把從句放在句首,我不知道這里是不是算作句首,我相信學(xué)生們也會(huì)是一頭霧水吧。
考查定語(yǔ)從句。
26.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
B
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,which作表語(yǔ)。
8.Thatevening,_____Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when
B
這里thatevening是先行詞,其在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞about的賓語(yǔ),所以用which。句意:以后我將和你談起的那個(gè)晚上,我工作到了很晚。
考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。
32.—We’lltaketheconditionsintocarefulconsiderationyouhaveattachedtothiscontract.
—Thanks.Hopeforfurthercooperation.
A.a(chǎn)sB.whichC.whereD.what
B
考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。此處theconditions是先行詞,其在定語(yǔ)從句中作to的賓語(yǔ)。故用which。
13.Doyourememberacertainoccasion______youwereintroubleandatthatmomentIgaveyouahand.
A.whereB.whichC.whyD.when
D
考查定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)后面的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)atthatmoment可知occasion指時(shí)間,故要使用關(guān)系副詞when,相當(dāng)于atwhichtime。
32.Lisa,Iguesswedbetterfixanavigationalaid(導(dǎo)航儀)tothecar_________wecanfindourwayeasily.
A.whichB.thatC.fromwhichD.withwhich
D
考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。此處anavigationalaid為先行詞,其在定語(yǔ)從句中作with的賓語(yǔ)。句意:麗薩,我認(rèn)為我們最好在車(chē)上安裝導(dǎo)航儀,用它我們能容易地找到路。
26.Leavehimanoteatthereceptiondesk,hewilllearnhowtofindyou.
A.whichB.fromwhichC.withwhichD.onwhich
B
考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。此處anote是先行詞,其在定語(yǔ)從句中作from的賓語(yǔ)。
相當(dāng)于:hewilllearnhowtofindyoufromthenote。
26.-----Howaboutyourjob-hunting?
-----Noluck.Now,I’vereachedthestage________Idon’tcarewhatIdo.
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.that
B
考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。此處thestage是先行詞,其在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。句意:現(xiàn)在我到了我不關(guān)心做什么的境地。
7.Aturningpointofthecontinuouslyhighhousingpricewontappearsuddenlybecausetheremustbeacertainprocess___manyfactorsleadtothechange.
A.whichB.whatC.whereD.that
C
考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。此處process作先行詞,其在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故用where。
10.Janesstruggletomakeaplaceforherselfinthemusiccircleisthekindoflifestory___afascinatingnovelmightbewritten.
A.whereB.bywhomC.forwhatD.a(chǎn)boutwhich
D
考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。此處lifestory是先行詞,其后是介詞前置的定語(yǔ)從句。相當(dāng)于afascinatingnovelmightbewrittenaboutthestory。
26.MoreteensaresmokinginBeijing,______thenumberofprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentspickingupthehabithasmorethandoubledfrompreviousyears.
A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that
C
考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。Beijing是先行詞,在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),因此用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
17.Judgingfromhisface_______therewasaconfidentsmile,weknewthathedidn’tloseheart.
A.inwhichB.fromwhichC.bywhichD.onwhich
D
考查定語(yǔ)從句介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法。aconfidentsmileonhisface.句意為:從他臉上自信的笑容來(lái)判斷,我們知道他沒(méi)灰心。故選D。
19.Wehavespottedthelocation,_______wethoughtisthesiteofEmperorQinShihuang.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
C考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知空格出引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,wethought是插入語(yǔ),從句缺少主語(yǔ),應(yīng)考慮用關(guān)系代詞,又是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,故選C。
14.---Whendidtheyoungmansaveyou?
---January1st,2000,thefirstdayofthenewcentury,_______Icanneverforget.
A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where
B
考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。先行詞thefirstday在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。
定語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)精選
經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們,成功是留給有準(zhǔn)備的人。作為教師就要好好準(zhǔn)備好一份教案課件。教案可以保證學(xué)生們?cè)谏险n時(shí)能夠更好的聽(tīng)課,幫助教師更好的完成實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)。我們要如何寫(xiě)好一份值得稱(chēng)贊的教案呢?小編收集并整理了“定語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)精選”,希望對(duì)您的工作和生活有所幫助。
定語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)精選
(一)關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選用原則
1.關(guān)系代詞
(2006北京)Women_____drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose_____don’t.
A.who;/B./;whoC.who;whoD./;/
(2005北京春)Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_____wevisitedthreemonthsago.
A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what
(匯編)He’sbeensenttotheplace_____needshimmost.
A.whereB.thatC.whatD.it
(2006福建)Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse____roofisunderrepair.
A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that
(2008陜西)Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,_____weremadeofsmalldiamonds.
A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich
2.關(guān)系副詞
(2003北京)Wearelivinginanage____manythingsaredoneoncomputer.
A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when
(2008山東)Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.
A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when
(2005福建)---Isthatsmalltownyouoftenreferto?
---Right,justtheone_____youknowIusedtoworkforyears.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what
(2007福建)Thevillagehasdevelopedalot_____welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.
A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where
(2008安徽)Alltheneighboradmirethisfamily_____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.
A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that
(2004上海春)Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace_____,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.
A.whichB.whereC.thereD.what
(匯編)Iwouldlikeyoutogivemethereason______youwereabsentfromtheimportantmeetingyesterday.
A.thatB.whichC.whyD.forthat
(2007天津)Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity_____sightmattersmorethanhearing.
A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where
(匯編)Iworkinabusiness_____almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.
A.howB.whichC.whereD.that
(2007江西)Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareersheneededtodecidewhattodo.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
(2007陜西)Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases______beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.
A.whichB.asC.whyD.where
(匯編)He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation______heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.
A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why
3.關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的跨越
(匯編)Doyoustillremembertheday______wewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?
A.whichB.atwhichC.forwhichD.onwhich
(2005廣東)Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.
A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that
(2008上海)Wewentthroughaperiodcommunicationwereverydifficultintheruralareas.
A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich
4.介詞+關(guān)系代詞
(2005全國(guó)Ⅰ)Ihavemanyfriends,_____somearebusinessmen.
A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom
(2007北京)Weshouldn’tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof_____arehealthy.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom
(2007四川)Itisreportedthattwoschools,______arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.
A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhich
(2005天津)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from____effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.
A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what
(2005重慶)Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,_____hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.
A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime
(2007江蘇)Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,_____hewentontoBeijingUniversity.
A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat
(匯編)Davidisapleasantyoungman_____youcangetonverywell.
A.withwhomB.whoC.withthatD.whom
(2005江西)Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs_____theyarebeingtrained.
A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich
(2007重慶)Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree_____theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.
A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich
(二)限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別意義
(翻譯)Herbrotherwho/thatisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.
比較:Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.
(三)定語(yǔ)從句中的特殊情形
1.只用that
(匯編)Thefirstthing_____you’llhavetodoistotakearest.
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.this
(匯編)Thisistheonlyanswer_____right.
A.whichwethinkisB.whatwethinkitisC.thatwethinkisD.whatwethinkseems
(匯編)All_____canbedonehasbeendone.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.ofwhich
(匯編)Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings_____theyrememberatschool.
A.whichB.inwhichC.whereD.that
(匯編)Whoistheman_____isstandingbythegate?
A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom
2.which與as
(2003北京)NewYork,____lastyear,isaniceoldcity.
A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisitedC.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited
(2008江蘇)TheScienceMuseum,______wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where
(2006浙江)Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst___Ireallyenjoyed.
A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which
(2007上海)Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,__wasbeyondhiswildestdream.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
(匯編)Edisonmadealotofinventions,_____ofgreatimportance.
A.whichIthinkareB.whichIthinktheyareC.whichIthinktheyD.Ithinkwhichare
(2004北京)isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
(2001全國(guó))isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.what
*比較:(匯編)_____hasbeenannouncedthatweshallhaveanotherexamnextweek.
A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.What
(匯編)Iam_____youcanimagineshortenoughofmoney.
A.whichB.thatC.asD.who
(匯編)HemustbefromAfrica,_____canbeseenfromhisskin.
A.thatB.asC.whoD.what
(2000上海春)Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice_____peopleexpected.
A.likeB.asC.thatD.which
(匯編)Ihaveboughtthesamedress_____sheiswearing.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.than
*比較:(匯編)Heissuchagoodboy_____everyonelikeshim.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.as
3.關(guān)系詞的省略
(匯編)Isthisvillage_____youvisitedlastyear?
A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.theone
(2005上海春)Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessforhiswork?
A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained
(1996上海)Idon’tlike_____youspeaktoher.
A.thewayinthatB.thewayC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich
(2004湖北)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut____hesaidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich
*(2001北京春)---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?
---Yes.Igaveittoher______Isawher.
A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.Once
*(四)定語(yǔ)從句與其他語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的綜合考查
1.先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致性
(匯編)I,____yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.
A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis
(匯編)“Those____toseethenewfilmwritedownyournames,please”
A.wantB.whoC.thatwantsD.whowant
(匯編)BeihaiParkisoneofthemostbeautifulparks_____builtabout300yearsagoinBeijing.
A.whichwasB.wherewereC.thatwereD.thatwas
(2002上海春)Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.
A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen
2.allthat(定語(yǔ)從句)與what(名詞性從句)
(匯編)Is_____youwanttosay?
A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatallD.whatall
(2007上海春)Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewas_____kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.
A.thatB.allthatC.allwhatD.which
(匯編)All____yousaidatthemeeting____nothingtodowiththeproblem.
A.what,haveB.that,hasC.which,haveD.what,has
3.定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的that
(匯編)Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentfromtheclass_____hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.
A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because
4.定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的綜合
(2007山東)----Wheredidyougettoknowher?
-----Itwasonthefarm______weworked.
A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where
高考英語(yǔ)備考定語(yǔ)從句
2011高考英語(yǔ)備考(考點(diǎn)聚焦+名題導(dǎo)解)定語(yǔ)從句
一、考點(diǎn)聚焦
1、功能:相當(dāng)于形容詞,修飾名詞或代詞,在句中作定語(yǔ)
2、位置:定語(yǔ)從句置于被修飾詞之后
Thosewhoarewillingtoattendtheparty,signhereplease.
3、先行詞:被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞稱(chēng)為先行詞
(1)先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞,如:some-,any-,every-和no與-boy,-thing的合成詞;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞,人稱(chēng)代詞也同樣可作先行詞。
(2)先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。必須注意兩點(diǎn):
①先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。
Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.
②關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分,其意思就是先行詞的意義,所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。
Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit(them)inChina.
4、關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的都稱(chēng)關(guān)系詞
關(guān)系代詞:who,whom,which,that,whose,as。
關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why。that偶爾也作關(guān)系副詞。
5、確定關(guān)系詞的步驟
(1)先找關(guān)系詞,看先行詞指的是什么。
(2)看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?br>
6、在定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí),下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which
(1)先行詞被①形容詞最高級(jí)②序數(shù)詞③數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修飾時(shí)。
(2)先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時(shí)。
(3)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。
Hewaslookingpleasantlyattechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.
(4)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。
Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.
(5)當(dāng)主句中含有疑問(wèn)詞which時(shí)。
Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?
7、宜用which而不用that的情況
(1)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中
(2)在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)
(3)當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)
(4)當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)
8、關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí),也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞
(1)當(dāng)主句是therebe句型時(shí),關(guān)系詞用who。
(2)先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞用who。
(3)當(dāng)主句是who作疑問(wèn)詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞用that。
Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?
(4)whom在從句中只作賓語(yǔ),可被who取代。
9、whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物,在從句中作定語(yǔ)。如:
DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?
Thereisaroom,whosewindowfacestheriver.
Thereisaroom,thewindowofwhichfacestheriver.
10、關(guān)系代詞as,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。
(1)先行詞被such和thesame修飾,或句型asmany(much)中,從句都用as引導(dǎo)。
Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.
Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsage.
注意:區(qū)別①such…that…引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。Theyaresuch
lovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch.②thesame…that…引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.
(2)無(wú)先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句用as和which引導(dǎo)。
區(qū)別:①意義上:as含有“這點(diǎn)正如……一樣”。②位置上:as從句可置句首,也可在另處。
Hedidn’tpasstheexam,aswehadexpected.
Thereislotsofairinloosesnow,whichcankeepthecoldout.
Asisknown,theearthisround,notflat.
11、關(guān)系副詞when與where、why、that
when指時(shí)間=in/at/on/duringwhich
where指地點(diǎn)=in/at/from/which
why指原因=forwhich
當(dāng)先行詞為way、day、reason、time時(shí),可用that作關(guān)系副詞。(非正式場(chǎng)合)
Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/hetalks.
當(dāng)time作先行詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞可以省掉。
ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.
12、必須注意的問(wèn)題
(1)關(guān)系詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句中謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)。
(2)注意區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
①定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分,復(fù)合句。
②強(qiáng)調(diào)it無(wú)意義,that/who不是引導(dǎo)詞。
③強(qiáng)調(diào)itis/was和that/who后如果句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,講不通則不是。
Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.(定語(yǔ)從句)
Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
(3)定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。
①定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱(chēng)為關(guān)系詞,that充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。有時(shí)可省略。
②同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞,that不能充當(dāng)任何成分,不可省。
Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位語(yǔ))
Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheir.(定語(yǔ))
(4)關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。
①關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ),前無(wú)介詞時(shí)。
②關(guān)系詞作表語(yǔ)。
(5)限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯。
(6)關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞,關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。
(7)幾個(gè)特殊的定語(yǔ)從句句型:
①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarks
inthematch.(句中one為先行詞)
Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(句中students為先行詞)
②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?
Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?
③Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.
④Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
選擇填空
1.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.
A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where
解析:答案為C。本題考查分隔定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞的選擇。作好本題的關(guān)鍵是要能辨認(rèn)出該定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞thehours和關(guān)系詞被介詞短語(yǔ)tome所分隔。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞hours,并且關(guān)系詞在從句中用作狀語(yǔ),故應(yīng)選擇表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞when。
2.___________isknowntoeverybody,thenoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
解析:答案為B。本題考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語(yǔ)從句。as作“正如……”解時(shí),引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。當(dāng)as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常用于下列短語(yǔ):asisknown、asissaid、asisreported、asisannounced等。要注意掌握作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法。
3.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown___________hegrewupasachild.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
解析:答案為B。本題考查限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞短語(yǔ)thesmalltown,且關(guān)系詞不作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)而作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),因此定語(yǔ)從句必須用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。要注意分清先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?,然后選擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。
4.TheEnglishplaymystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.
A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
解析:答案為C。考定語(yǔ)從句。主句部分應(yīng)是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.從句補(bǔ)全為獨(dú)立句子應(yīng)是mystudentsactedintheplay。所以應(yīng)選inwhich,其余介詞不妥。
5.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousersshehadwipedherhands.
A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that
解析:答案為A。本題考地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句,用where引導(dǎo)。句意是“她的褲子上她擦過(guò)手的地方有臟痕”。此處不能用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,排除C,本題易被誤認(rèn)為考定語(yǔ)從句,意為“在她擦過(guò)手的褲子上有臟痕”。定語(yǔ)從句修飾trousers,也只能用where。B和D可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,但只作主、賓等成分。定語(yǔ)從句缺少狀語(yǔ),不缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ),故不可用。
6.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,thesailingtimewas226days.
A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich
解析:答案為A。本題考定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系代詞which指代thejourney,定語(yǔ)從句恢復(fù)為獨(dú)立句子應(yīng)是:Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days,故選ofwhich。