高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2021-01-11高考英語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞及表語(yǔ)從句。
系動(dòng)詞
1.最常用連系動(dòng)詞:be(am;is/was;are/were)。
2.表變化的系動(dòng)詞:get;turn;go;fall;become;grow;come;run。用法注意:在英語(yǔ)中,系動(dòng)詞一般只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)變化形式,沒有其他時(shí)態(tài)變化形式。但表變化的這類系動(dòng)詞除外,它們有各種時(shí)態(tài)變化。
Eg:Itisbecomingcolderandcolder.
Thefoodhasgonebad.
此處還需注意的是become和turn后接表職業(yè)的名詞時(shí)冠詞的有無(wú):
Eg:Twoyearslater,hebecameateacher.
但Twoyearslater,heturnedteacher.
另外,go表變化時(shí)一般指事情向消極、不好的方面轉(zhuǎn)化。
3.所謂“感官動(dòng)詞”:look;sound;taste;smell;feel。一般它們?cè)诰渥又凶g成:。。。起來(lái);。。。上去。此類系動(dòng)詞為高考
高頻詞。Eg:Thefoodtastedgood.食物嘗起來(lái)很香。
其中必須注意到它們本身也用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,所以在平常的教學(xué)和應(yīng)用中一定多比較、關(guān)注它們的用法。
Eg:Helookedsadlyatthepicture./Shelookedsadafterhearingthenews.
Tomtastedthefoodandittastedgood.
4.表狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞:keep;stay;remain;(依然是;保持)
Eg:Sheremainsloyaltoherfatherdespitehiscrueltytowardsher.
Whatalovelydaytoday!IlovefineweatherandIhopeitwillstayfineforsomemoredays.
Muchremainstobedone.
5.表像系動(dòng)詞:seem;appear。漢語(yǔ)意義:看起來(lái)像、似乎、好像。這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn),即如果要表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的變化,需要后接不定時(shí)來(lái)完成。
Eg:Heseemedtohavecaughtcold./WhenFathercamein,Tomseemedtobeeatingsomething.
另外此處一句型轉(zhuǎn)換也要要求學(xué)生牢記
Itseemedthathehadcaughtcold.
WhenFathercamein,itseemedthatTomwaseatingsomething.
6.終止系動(dòng)詞:prove;turnout。表達(dá)“證實(shí)、證明、結(jié)果為。。?!敝?。
Eg:Heproved(tobe)right./Theexperimentturnedoutsuccessful.
系動(dòng)詞用法應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題
1.一般地說(shuō),系動(dòng)詞無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如:
Yourhandfeelscold.
Thesouptastesgood.
Thedinnersmellsgood.
2.系動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與形容詞的比較級(jí)連用的問題。
某些含有變化意義的動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞如get,become,grow,turn等的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)可與形容詞的比較級(jí)連用,表示漸進(jìn)過(guò)程,其意思是“越來(lái)越……”。例如:
Heisgrowingtallerandtaller.
Ourlifeisgettingbetterandbetter.
Thingsaregettingworse.
3.所有半系動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要分情況討論。
英語(yǔ)中某動(dòng)詞在作系動(dòng)詞用時(shí),無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),而作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí),才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),二者不可混為一談。例如:
不能說(shuō):Theappleistastedgood.因?yàn)閠aste此時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞,“嘗起來(lái)”之意,指的是蘋果的性質(zhì),無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
但我們可以說(shuō):Theappleistastedbyme.這蘋果被我嘗了一下。(taste此時(shí)指“嘗一嘗”這一動(dòng)作,有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
因此,在平時(shí)的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)之,要有意注意半系動(dòng)詞在具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中到底是系動(dòng)詞用法還是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法,要注意區(qū)分、識(shí)別。
4.瞬間動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞能否與時(shí)間段連用的問題
英語(yǔ)中某些表示瞬間意義的系動(dòng)詞不能與“for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),howlonguntil+時(shí)間,by+時(shí)間,sofar”等直接連用。例如:
①不能說(shuō):Hehasbecomeateacherfor2years.
應(yīng)改為:Hehasbeenateacherfor2years.
②不能說(shuō):Hehasturnedwritersince3yearsago.
應(yīng)改為:Hehasbeenawritesince3yearsago.
或Itistwoyearssinceheturnedwriter.
③不能說(shuō):Hegotangryuntilhischildcamebackhome.
應(yīng)改為:Hedidn’tgetangryuntilhischildcamebackhome.
5.系動(dòng)詞能接幾種表語(yǔ)(從句)
系動(dòng)詞除了接adj.n.prep.短語(yǔ),還可接以下幾種表語(yǔ)形式:
①能接asif/asthough表語(yǔ)從句的系動(dòng)詞有:look(看起來(lái)),smell(聞起來(lái)),sound(聽起來(lái)),feel(覺得);appear(顯得),seem(似乎)。例如:
Itlooksasifwearegoingtohavesnow.看樣子天要下雪了。
Helookedasifhehadjuststeppedoutofmybookoffairytales.他看來(lái)好像剛從我的童話故事中走出來(lái)似的。
Sheseemedasif(though)shecouldn’tunderstandwhyLaurawasthere.看來(lái)她好像不能理解為什么勞拉呆在那兒。
Itsoundstomeasthoughthere’sataprunningsomewhere.我好像聽到某處水龍頭流水的聲音。
Shefeltasifherheadweresplitting.她仿佛覺得她的頭要裂開了。
Theriverappearedasifenvelopedinsmog.那條河好像籠罩在煙霧之中。
Itseemsasifitwerespringalready.好像已是春天了。
②可用于“It+系動(dòng)詞+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的有:seem,appear如:
Itseemedthathehadmadesomeseriousmistakesinhiswork.好像他在工作中犯了嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。
Itappearedthathewastalkingtohimself.好像他在自言自語(yǔ)。
③能用不定式作表語(yǔ)的系動(dòng)詞有:be,seem,,look,appear,prove,grow.
Herjobistolookafterthechildren.她的工作是照料孩子們。
Heseemsnottolookafterthechildren.他好像不是她的父親。
Helookstobeayounggirloftwenty.他看起來(lái)像是一個(gè)20歲的年輕姑娘。
Hedidn’tappeartodislikeit.看不出他憎恨此事。
Myadviceprovedtobewrong.我的建議證明是錯(cuò)誤的。
④能與there連用的系動(dòng)詞有:be,appear,seem.
Thereappearedtobeonlyoneroom.那兒好像只有一個(gè)房間。
Thereseems(tobe)noneedtogo.似乎沒有必要走。
Exercise
1.Thestorysounds_________________
A.tobetrueB.astrueC.beingtrueD.true
2.Thoseorangestaste__________
A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell
3.---Areyoufeeling___________?---Yes,I’mfinenow
A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter
4.----CanIjointheclub,Dad.----Youcanwhenyou_________abitolder.
A.getB.willgetC.getsD.willhavegot
5.---Doyoulikethematerial?----Yes,it_______verysoft.
A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt
6.IlovetogototheseasideonSummer.It_____goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.
A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makes
7.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_______bythehour.
A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay
8.Whydon’tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill_____freshforseveraldays.
A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed
9.Whatyouhavesaid_______.
A.issoundedinterestingB.soundsinterestingC.soundinterestedD.listensinterested
10.Theclassbegins.Pleasekeep________.
A.silentB.silenceC.thesilenceD.silently
11.Look!Severalpeopleinthecrowdseemed_______.
A.tobefightingB.tohavefoughtC.beingfoughtD.havingfought
12.How_____thesongshesingssounds!Ihavenever______abettervoice.
A.beautifully,soundedB.beautiful,soundedC.sweet,listenedtoD.sweet,heard
13.Herfeelingaboutthemarriage______ratherstrange.
A.islookedB.isseemedC.seemsD.isappeared
14.Thenewshirt______right.
A.doesn’tfeelB.isn’tfeltC.isn’tfeelingD.doesn’ttouch
15.Howhappyit_______formetobehomeagainaftertwentyyearsabroad!
A.givesB.feelsC.isfeltD.isgiven
16.John_____driversincetwomonthsago.
A.becameaB.hasbecomeaC.hasturnedD.hasbeena
17.It_____hefeltvery_______overthedeathoftheboy.
A.seemedthat,sadB.seemedasif,sadlyC.lookedasthough,sadD.lookedthat,sadness
18._______everyoneheretoday?
A.BeB.AreC.IsD.Am
19.HarryisolderthanI.Buthe_______youngerthanI.
A.lookB.looksC.lookedD.looking
20.It_______likethesingingofthebirds.
A.soundsB.looksC.smellsD.tastes
21.Thiskindofcaketastes_______.
A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell
22.Thechildrenalllooked_______atthebrokenmodelplaneandfeltquite_______.
A.sad,sadB.sadly,sadlyC.sad,sadlyD.sadly,sad
23.Thiskindofpaper_______nice.
A.feelB.feltC.isfeelingD.feels
24.Thismathproblemis_______andIcandoit_______.
A.easy,easilyB.easily,easilyC.easy,easyD.easily,easy
25.Coffeeisready.Howniceit_______!Wouldyoulikesome?
A.looksB.smellsC.soundsD.feels
26.Inwinterthedays_______colderandcolder.
A.getsB.gettingC.gotD.get
參考答案:
1—26DABACBCBBAADCABDACBAADDABD
表語(yǔ)從句
表語(yǔ)從句的表現(xiàn)形式
1.由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。如:“that”,“whether”
Thequestioniswhetherweshouldaskthemforhelp.
Thetroubleisthathehasneverdonetheworkbefore.
2.由連接代詞引導(dǎo)。如:“what”“who”“whom”“whose”“which”
Guilinisnotwhatitusedtobe.
Whatshewantstoknowiswhichdresssheshouldbuy.
3.由連接副詞引導(dǎo)。如:“when”“why”“where”“how”“because”
ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.
Thatiswhyhedidn’tpasstheexam
4.另可由asif,asthough引導(dǎo)。如:
Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain
表語(yǔ)從句兩大要素:
1.除that外的所有引導(dǎo)詞都有自己的意義。
2.除that,whether外的所有引導(dǎo)詞都須在從句中充當(dāng)相應(yīng)的成分。
一些引導(dǎo)詞的用法
(一)that在表語(yǔ)從句中,又。
Thefactisthathehasn’tyetrecoverfromillness.
Thereasonwhyhehastogoisthathismotherisillinbed.
比較在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法。
TherearesomefilmsthatI’dliketosee.
SheistheonlyoneamongusthatknowsFrench.
結(jié)論:that在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),指事物,也可指人,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略。
(二)What在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),表示“什么,什么樣子,或所……的(人或事)
1.Thequestioniswhatcausedtheaccident.
2.Thatmountainisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.
3.Whathetoldyouwaswhathadbeendiscussedatthemeeting.
(三)Which在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí),常充當(dāng)定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)。表示“其中哪一個(gè)“。如:
Ireadaboutitinsomebookoranother,butwhatIdon’tknowiswhich(book)itis.
比較在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法。
Chinaisacountrywhichhasahistoryof2000years.
Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords
結(jié)論:which在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),指事物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)??墒÷?br>
(四)當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為reason,或者是why由引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí),與它們相關(guān)的表語(yǔ)從句用that來(lái)引導(dǎo),而不能由because引導(dǎo);because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只能用于It/That/Thisis/wasbecause…
句型中.如:
ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatImissedthetrain.
Iwaslate.It/That/ThiswasbecauseImissedthetrain.
(五)whether在表語(yǔ)從句中表“是否”,但不充當(dāng)句子的成分。if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句.如:
Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon
(六)①asif從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣的情況。當(dāng)說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為句子所述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)。如:Itsoundsasifitisraining.聽起來(lái)像是在下雨。Hetalksasifheisdrunk.從他談話的樣子來(lái)看他是醉了。
②asif從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況。當(dāng)說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為句子所述的是不真實(shí)的或極少有可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時(shí)。從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的形式如下:
(1)如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
如:Youlookasifyoudidn’tcare.你看上去好像并不在乎。
Hetalksasifheknewwhereshewas.他說(shuō)話的樣子,好像他知道她在哪里似的。
(2)從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had+過(guò)去分詞”。
如:HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.他說(shuō)起羅馬來(lái)好像他以前去過(guò)羅馬似的。
Thegirllistenedasifshehadbeenturnedtostone那女孩傾聽著,像已經(jīng)變成了石頭似的。
(3)從句表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。
如:Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.他張開嘴好像要說(shuō)什么。
Itlooksasifitmightsnow.看來(lái)好像要下雪了。
(七)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表語(yǔ)從句
在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示,should可省略。常見的詞有:advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea等。
Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.
Exercise
1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.
A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether
2.Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.
A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof
3.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s________youleftit
A.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethere
4.Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTed
A.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget
5.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.
A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填
6.Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.
A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what
7.Thatis_____wewerelatelasttime.
A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what
8.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.
A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough
9.—Ifellsick!
--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because
10.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.
A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother’sbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill
11.—Hewasbornhere.
--Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.
A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how
12.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.
A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why
13.Thequestionis____itisworthvisiting.
A.ifB.asifC.whetherD.how
14.Thisis_____ithappened.
A.whatB.whenC.thatD.how
15.Thisis____thecitylies.
A.whichB.whatC.whereD.when
16.Hewasill.Thatis____hedidn’tcomeyesterday.
A.whenB.whyC.howD.that
17.Thatwas___IwasthirteenIenteredtheNo.1MiddleSchool.
A.becauseB.whyC.howDwhen
18.Theproblemis____wecanmastermodernscienceandtechnologyinashorttime.
A.ifB.thatC.whatD.how
19.–Doesn’tMr.Smithliveonthisstreet?
-No.Thisis____Mr.Brownlives.
A.whichB.whereC.howD.that
20.Thereasonwhyhehasbeensuchasuccessis____henevergivesup.
A.whatB.whereC.howD.that
21.–whatisthatbuilding?
-___thegardenequipmentisstored
A.that’swhereB.ThereisinwhichC.thebuildingisD.That’sthebuildingwhich
22.Ourvillageisnolonger____overtwentyyearsago.
A.whatwasitB.whatitwasC.thevillagewhatwasD.whatwasthevillage
23.___youarethefirstonehere.
A.itseemsthatasifB.itseemsasifthatc.itseemsasifD.Itseemsthatasthough
24.Myhopeis___hewillbecomeadoctorinthefuture.
A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.what
25.Hetreatedmeasthough/asif_____hisownson.
A.IamB.IwouldbeC.IwasD.Iwere
that/what的區(qū)別
1._______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwithyourstudies.
A.What;howareyouB.That;howyouareC.How;thatyouareD.What;howyouare
2.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.
A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat
3.Americawas__________wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.
A.whatB.whereC.theplaceD.therewhere
4.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.Itisnolonger_________.
A.whatitusedtobeB.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeingD.whatitwasusedtobe
5.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.
A.What…thatB.That…whatC.What…whatD.That…what
6.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such
高考練習(xí)
1—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff?
A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where
2.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella____Igotwetthrough.
A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show
3.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas______wedidthismorning.
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what
4.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?
---Oh,that’s_____.
A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedabout
C.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited
5.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich
6..Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.(2004)
A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how
7.Thedoctor’sadviceisthatthepatient______abouthisrealphysicalcondition.
A.benottoldB.notbetoldC.willnotbetoldD.mustnotbetold
表語(yǔ)從句參考答案
1-25DBACCACDDCCBCBCBDDBDABCCD
That與what的區(qū)別:DBAAAC
高考練習(xí)ABDAABB[實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告網(wǎng) Www.sxw9.CoM]
相關(guān)知識(shí)
高考英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句
語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)四:定語(yǔ)從句
(一)定語(yǔ)從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)
1、關(guān)系代詞:who,whom,whose,which,that,as
2、關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首,主句先行詞之后,起著連接先行詞和從句的作用,同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。
e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語(yǔ))
ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.(whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語(yǔ))
3、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法:1)當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)用who作主語(yǔ),whom作賓語(yǔ);2)當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)用which,可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);3)先行詞為人、物時(shí)用that,可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);4)whose用作定語(yǔ),可指人或物;5)關(guān)系副詞when(指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),where(指地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)),why(指原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ))。
(二)限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
1、限制性定語(yǔ)從句:從句與主句關(guān)系密切,去掉從句,主句意義不完整,甚至不合邏輯。
e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.(去掉定語(yǔ)從句,意思就不完整)
2、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:從句對(duì)先行詞關(guān)系不密切,去掉定從句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號(hào)隔開,不能that用引導(dǎo)。
e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.(who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來(lái)翻譯)
(三)使用定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)特別注意的幾個(gè)問題
1、that與which的區(qū)別。
1)用that而不用which的情況:①先行詞為不定代詞all,anything,nothing,…;②先行詞有最高級(jí)修飾,有序數(shù)詞修飾;③先行詞有only,very,any等詞修飾;④先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。
e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他們所參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這部電影是我看過(guò)的最好的一部。
MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識(shí)的唯一的外國(guó)人。
2)用which而不用that的情況:①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;②代表整個(gè)主句的意思;③介詞+關(guān)系代詞。
e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格,這使他的父親很生氣。
Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.這是父親去年居住過(guò)的房子。
3)as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的用法
①as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常用于thesame…as,such…as結(jié)構(gòu)中。
e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriend’s.我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。
SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我們車間使用的這種機(jī)器是中國(guó)制造的。
②as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型:asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。
e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.正如我所預(yù)料的那樣,他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。
3)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)與which的區(qū)別
①當(dāng)主句和從句語(yǔ)義一致時(shí),用as;反之,用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
e.g.Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.
Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.
②當(dāng)非限制定語(yǔ)從句為否定時(shí),常用which引導(dǎo)。
e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.
2.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。
e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很流利。
ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.
3.定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠先行詞,中間由一個(gè)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)隔開。
e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.
4.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可以用“介詞+which”來(lái)代替。
e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
5.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí),短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各個(gè)固定部分不要拆開。
e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.
6.介詞在關(guān)系代詞前,只能用which和whom,且不能省略;介詞在句尾,關(guān)系代詞可有which,that,whom,口語(yǔ)中也可用who,且可省略。
e.g.Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.
練習(xí)、定語(yǔ)從句
一、把下列每對(duì)句子合并成含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句:
1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.
2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.
3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.
4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.
5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.
6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.
7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.
8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.
9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.
10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.
11.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.
12.That’sthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.
13.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.
14.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaven’tbeenhandedin.
15.Isthatthewoman?Herdaughterisinmyclass.
16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.
17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.
18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.
19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.
20.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.
二、根據(jù)句子意思,在第一個(gè)空白處填入介詞,在第二個(gè)填入關(guān)系代詞whom或which:
1.Theperson________________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.
2.Thepencil________________hewaswritingbroke.
3.WuDong,________________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.
4.Thetwothings________________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.
5.Herbag,________________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.
6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,________________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.
三、選擇填空:
1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.
A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when
2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
3.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as
4.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who
5.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as
6.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when
7.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who
8.Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere?
A.whoB./C.thatD.when
9.Theman____youtalkedjustnowisaworker.
A.whoB.whomC.towhomD.towho
10.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather’sneighbour.
A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.which
11.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.
A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalking
C.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking
12.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.
A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhimC.youshowedD.whereyoushowed
13.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.
A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who
14.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.
A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which
15.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?
A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose
16.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.
A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all
17.Theforeignguests,____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.
A.mostofthemB.mostofthatC.mostofwhomD.mostofthose
18.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as
19.Iknowonlyalittleaboutthismatter;youmayask____knowsbetterthanI.
A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.theone
20.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.
A.whereB./C.whenD.what
21.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.onwhich
22.Nearbyweretwocanoes____theyhadcometotheisland.
A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD./
23.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim.
A.that,whatB.what,thatC.which,whatD.that,which
24.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?
A.thatB.whichC.itsD.whose
25.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.
A.whomB.whoC.towhomD.formwhom
26.Isthisschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?
A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where
27.Isthistheschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?
A.theoneB.whereC.inwhichD./
28,Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass____homesareinthecountry?
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
29.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.
A.itB.whichC.thatD.he
30.ThetrainwascrowdedandIhadtogetintoacarriage____alreadysevenotherpeople.
A.whentherewereB.whichtherewereC.thattherewereD.wheretherewere
31.Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.
A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.inthat
32.----Whatgameispopularwiththem?----The____mostistennis.
A.gametheylikeitB.gametheylikeC.bestgametheylikeD.bestgametheylikeit
33.Theystayedwithmethreeweeks,____theydrankallthewineIhad.
A.whichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichtimeD.duringwhich
34.Theroom____MrWhitelivesisnotverylarge.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
35.Don’tforgettheday____youwerereceivedintotheYouthLeague.
A.whenB.thatC.atwhichD.where
36.I’vefinishedwritingthenovel,____istobepublishednextmonth.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when
37.Hereturnedhomesafeandsoundafterafiercebattle,____wasunexpected.
A.whichB.asC.thatD.it
38.____weisknowntoall,Englishisnotverydifficulttolearn.
A.WhatB.AsC.ThatD.Which
39.Theoldmanhadthreesons,allof____diedduringWorldWarⅡ.
A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.who
40.Ihaveboughttwopens,____writewell.
A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.bothofwhichD.allofwhich
41.Doyouknowthereason____shehaschangedhermind?
A.whyB.whichC.forthatD.ofwhich
42.Hefailedintheexam,____provesthathewasn’tworkinghardenough.
A.whichB.whatC.itD.that
43.Duringtheweek____hetriedtocollectmaterialsforhisarticle.
A.followingB.followedC.tofollowD.thatfollowed
44.____wasexpected,hesucceededintheexam.
A.ItB.WhichC.AsD.That
45.Hestudiedhardandlaterbecameawell-knownwriter,____hisfatherexpected.
A.thatwaswhatB.whatwasthatC.andwhichwasD.whichwaswhat
46.Weshouldreadsuchbooks____willmakeusbetterandwiser.
A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what
47.Youmustshowmywifethesamerespect____youshowme.
A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what
48.Heisabsent____isoftenthecase.
A.whatB.whichC.whoD.as
49.Itisthefirsttime____Ihavecometoyourcity.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when
50.Who____hasthesameideaasitwilldoitinthisway.
A.whoB.thatC.whomD.which
51.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears____Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,____hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who
52.Thisistheonlybook____Icanfind.
A.thatB.whichC.itD.withwhich
53.Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.
A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich
54.Thatisoneofthosebooksthat____worthreading.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
55.Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentswhosehandwriting____thebest.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
56.Therewas____topreventtheaccident.
A.somethingcoulddoB.anythingwecoulddo
C.nothingwecouldn’tdoD.nothingwecoulddo
參考答案
語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)四:定語(yǔ)從句
一、1.Thefanthatyouwantisonthedesk.2.Themanwhobroughtourtextbookshereyesterdayisinnextroom.3.Themagazinewhichhehastakenawayismine.4.Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.5.Thewomanyousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.6.TheletterIreceivedyesterdayisfrommysister.7.Theplaythatwesawlastnightwaswonderful.8.ThetrainwhichwasgoingtoNanningwaslate.9.Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismybrother.10.Thetreeheisclimbingisquitetall.11.Hereisthegirlwhosebrotherworksinthisshop.12.That’sthechildwhosedrawingwewerelookingatjustnow.13.Thisistheboywhosesisterisafavoussinger.14.Iwanttotalktotheboywhosehomeworkhasn’tbeenhandedin.15.Isthatthewomanwhosedaughterisinmyclass?16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse,infrontofwhichgrewmanybananatrees.17.Theypassedafactory,atthebackofwhichtherewerericefields.18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding,onthetopofwhichflewaflag.19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill,atthefootofwhichtherewasatemple.20.Shecameintoabigroom,inthemiddleofwhichstoodalargetable.
二、1.towhom;2.wihtwhich;3.withwhom;4.aboutwhich;5.inwhich;6.ofwhich
三、1~5ABACD6~10CDCCA11~15CCADA16~20ACCAB21~25ABBDC
26~30ADABD31~35BBDCA36~40CABCC41~45AADCD46~50BBDAB
高考英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句
2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案
專題十一狀語(yǔ)從句
狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)概覽:1.when,while,as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別;2.名詞詞組theminute,themoment,thefirsttime,eachtime,anytime等用作連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);3.before,和since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法以及常見的幾個(gè)句型;4.till和until的用法;5.although,though,as以及evenif,eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的用法;6.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中“so----that”與“such---that”的區(qū)別;7.條件狀語(yǔ)從句unless,providing/provided,suppose/supposing等引導(dǎo)詞的用法;8.“疑問詞+ever”和“nomatter+疑問詞”引導(dǎo)從句的用法
考綱要求在復(fù)習(xí)狀語(yǔ)從句中掌握如下幾點(diǎn):1.全面掌握狀語(yǔ)從句的九大類別;2.根據(jù)歷年高考試題,對(duì)狀語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)要進(jìn)行全面的歸納,在九大類別中的考查熱點(diǎn)中,重點(diǎn)把握在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、讓步、比較、原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞運(yùn)用上;3.熟練運(yùn)用出現(xiàn)頻率較高讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和原因狀語(yǔ)從句;4.做好易混詞的辨析如:as,when,while等,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句因?yàn)檫B接詞容易出現(xiàn)在一些常用結(jié)構(gòu)里也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn);5.掌握狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、省略;6.與其它從句、句型結(jié)合起來(lái)分析、辨析
狀語(yǔ)從句是是中學(xué)的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,也是高考??嫉恼Z(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一,分析近五年來(lái)的高考題幾乎每年各省市都考查到它。根據(jù)其用途,狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ),修飾主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞或整個(gè)句子??煞譃闀r(shí)間、原因、地點(diǎn)、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較及方式等類型,可以分為九大類。不同的狀語(yǔ)從句使用不同的連接詞,有時(shí)同一個(gè)連接詞可連接不同的狀語(yǔ)從句,表示不同的意義因此教師在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生備考復(fù)習(xí)的過(guò)程中應(yīng)該做到:
1熟悉這九大類別的狀語(yǔ)從句的不同的連接詞的意義和用法
2準(zhǔn)確判斷主從句的邏輯關(guān)系,同時(shí)還要注意區(qū)分詞義相近的連詞、介詞和副詞
3解題的過(guò)程中要注意時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、語(yǔ)序的統(tǒng)一
4加強(qiáng)各個(gè)類別的狀語(yǔ)從句的的分析和理解練習(xí)
狀語(yǔ)從句的用法
由從句擔(dān)任的狀語(yǔ),在句子中可修飾謂語(yǔ)(或其它動(dòng)詞)、形容詞、副詞或是整個(gè)句子,它可以用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句是一較大的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,也是近幾年高考題中常見的一個(gè)重要試點(diǎn)。高考中已考查了時(shí)間、讓步、地點(diǎn)、條件、目的等狀語(yǔ)從句,這些從句仍是今后高考熱點(diǎn),應(yīng)作充分準(zhǔn)備同時(shí)對(duì)方式狀語(yǔ)從句也應(yīng)引起重視,下面分別對(duì)九大類別的狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行講解:
(一)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句可由常用引導(dǎo)詞:
when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until
特殊引導(dǎo)詞:
theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday,theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,
scarcely…when
WhenIcameintotheoffice,theteacherswerehavingameeting.
Hestartedassoonashereceivedthenews.
Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.
NosoonerhadIgonetobedthanIwenttosleep.
(二)原因狀語(yǔ)從句
原因狀語(yǔ)從句是表示原因或理由的,引導(dǎo)這類從句的最常用的連詞是because,since,as,nowthat(既然)等,for表示因果關(guān)系時(shí)(它引導(dǎo)的不是從句)為并列連詞,語(yǔ)氣不如because強(qiáng)
特殊引導(dǎo)詞:
seeingthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat,consideringthat
inasmuchas,insomuchas
Heisdisappointedbecausehedidntgettheposition.
Asitisraining,Iwillnotgoout.
Nowthatyoumentionit,Idoremember.
(三)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞:where
特殊引導(dǎo)詞:wherever,anywhere,everywhere
Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.
Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.
Sitwhereveryoulike.
Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.
(四)目的狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句最常用的詞(組)sothat,inorderthat
特殊引導(dǎo)詞:lest,incase,forfearthat,
inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat
Speakclearly,sothattheymayunderstandyou.
ShehasboughtthebookinorderthatshecouldfollowtheTVlessons.
Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.
(五)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句,通常主句是原因,從句是結(jié)果。常用引導(dǎo)詞:so…that,so…that,such…that,
特殊引導(dǎo)詞
suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,
Shewasill,sothatshedidn’tattendthemeeting.
Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotsayaword.
Sheissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneadmiresher.
(六)條件狀語(yǔ)從句
條件狀語(yǔ)從句分真實(shí)性(有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情)與非真實(shí)性(條件與事實(shí)相反或者在說(shuō)話者看來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情)條件句引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的詞(組)主要有常用引導(dǎo)詞:if,unless
特殊引導(dǎo)詞:
as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposethat,incasethat,
onconditionthat,so(as)faras,ifonly(=if)。注意:條件從句中的if不能用whether替換。
Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch.
Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean.
SofarasIknow,hewillbeawayforthreemonths.
Youcangoswimmingonconditionthat(=if)youdon’tgotoofarawayfromtheriverbank.
Ifhehadcomeafewminutesearlier,hecouldhaveseenher.
(七)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可由常用引導(dǎo)詞:though,although,evenif,eventhough
特殊引導(dǎo)詞:as(用在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中必須要倒裝),while(一般用在句首),nomatter…,inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever
Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,I’llneverchangemymind.
(八)方式狀語(yǔ)從句
方式狀語(yǔ)從句常由as,asif(though),theway,ratherthan等引導(dǎo)。
YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.
Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.
(九)比較狀語(yǔ)從句
比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用than,so(as)…as,themore…themore等引導(dǎo)。
Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.
Hesmokescigarettesasexpensiveashecanafford.
Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.
(十)使用狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要注意的幾個(gè)問題
1、在時(shí)間和條件(有時(shí)也在方式、讓步等)從句中,主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)
We’llgooutingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.
I’llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.
2、有些時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步從句,如果從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致(或雖不一致,是it),從句的謂語(yǔ)又包含動(dòng)詞be,就可省略從句中的“主語(yǔ)+be”部分
When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnight.
If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.
If(itis)necessaryI’llexplaintoyouagain.
3、注意區(qū)分不同從句:引導(dǎo)的是什么從句,不僅要根據(jù)連詞,還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來(lái)判別。以where為例,能引導(dǎo)多種從句
Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句)
Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.(定語(yǔ)從句,句中有先行詞)
Idon’tknowwherehecamefrom.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.(主語(yǔ)從句)
Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.(表語(yǔ)從句)
高考英語(yǔ)備考狀語(yǔ)從句
做好教案課件是老師上好課的前提,大家應(yīng)該在準(zhǔn)備教案課件了。教案課件工作計(jì)劃寫好了之后,才能更好的在接下來(lái)的工作輕裝上陣!哪些范文是適合教案課件?下面是小編精心收集整理,為您帶來(lái)的《高考英語(yǔ)備考狀語(yǔ)從句》,歡迎您閱讀和收藏,并分享給身邊的朋友!
2011高考英語(yǔ)備考(考點(diǎn)聚焦+名題導(dǎo)解)狀語(yǔ)從句%一、考點(diǎn)聚焦1、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(1)as、when、while用法一覽表。
類別
作用
例句
as
as表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,往往和when/while通用,但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。
ShecameupasIwascooking.(同時(shí))
Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(幾乎同時(shí))
when
(atorduringthetimeth Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指時(shí)間點(diǎn)) Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)) while while意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”或“在某一段時(shí)間里”。主句中的動(dòng)作或事情在從句中的動(dòng)作或事情的進(jìn)展過(guò)程中發(fā)生,從句中的動(dòng)詞一般要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。在when表示aperiodoftime時(shí),兩者可以互換。 Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking. Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.Strikewhiletheironishot.(用as或when不可,這里的while意思是“趁……”)(2)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞除上述外還有:①till,not…until…,until,before,since Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped. Hewaitedforhisfatheruntil(till)itwastwelveo’clock. ItwillbefiveyearsbeforehereturnsfromEngland. ②hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than,assoonasonce 表示“一……就” AssoonasIhavefinishedit,I’llgiveyuacall. Onceyoushowanyfear,hewillattackyou. Wehadhardlygot/Hardlyhadwegotintothecountrywhenit begantorain. Nosoonerhadhearrived/Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanshestartedcomplaining. ③directly,immediately,themoment,theminutethat…一……就 Hemadeforthedoordirectlyheheardtheknock. ④eachtime,everytime,bythetime Eachtimehecametomycity,hewouldcallonme. 注意:表示未來(lái)情況,主句用將來(lái)時(shí),從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 2、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 (1)although與though可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,不能與but連用,但可以與yet連用。 Althoughtheyarepoor,(yet)theyarewarm-hearted. (2)evenif或eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“即使”,“縱然”,用來(lái)使人注意下文所強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容的性質(zhì)。 I’llgetthereevenif(though)Ihavetosellmyhousetogetenoughmoneytogobyair. (3)nomatter后接上who、what、where、how等疑問詞,也可以在這類疑問詞后面加上ever構(gòu)成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。 Don’ttrusthim,nomatterwhat/whateverhesays. Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepublished. Nomatterhowhardtheworkis,you’dbettertrytodoitwell. (4)as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。要用倒裝。 Childas(though)heis,heknowsalot. MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuy. Tryashewould,hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox. 3、原因狀語(yǔ)從句:because,for,as,since,nowthat (1)表示不知道的原因時(shí)用because,即說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為聽話人不知道,因此because從句是全句最重要的部分,通常它被置于主句之后。 YouwanttoknowwhyI’mleaving?I’mleavingbecauseI’mfull. for雖然表示不知道的原因,但其語(yǔ)氣較because要弱得多,是可說(shuō)可不說(shuō)的話,它只能置于主句之后,這時(shí),for是并列連詞。如果不是因果關(guān)系,而是對(duì)前面主句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷時(shí),只能用for。如:It’smorningnow,forthebirdsaresinging.(很顯然,鳥叫不可能是“現(xiàn)在已是早上”的原因。) (2)表示已經(jīng)知道的原因時(shí)用as或since,即某種原因在說(shuō)話人看來(lái)已經(jīng)很明顯,或已為聽話人所熟悉,因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些,它們通常被置于語(yǔ)句之前,但有時(shí)卻相反。 Seeingallofthechildrenalreadyseated,hesaid,“Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sstart.” (3)下列情況下只能使用because: ①在回答why的問句時(shí); ②在用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí); ③被not所否定時(shí)。 4、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句:where,wherever Makeamarkwhereveryouhaveanyquestions. WewillgowherethePartydirectsus. 5、目的狀語(yǔ)從句:that,sothat,inorderthat 注意:目的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用,否則可能是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。不可置于句首。 6、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句:that,sothat,so…that,such…that… 注意:so+形容詞/副詞+that從句;such+ 名詞+that從句。 7、方式狀語(yǔ)從句:as,asif(though) I’lldoasIamtoldto. Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain. 8、比較狀語(yǔ)從句:than,as 9、條件狀語(yǔ)從句:if,unless,so(as)longas,incase,once,afaras,onconditionthat. 注意if與unless的區(qū)別:不能用and連接兩個(gè)unless從句,即不能有…unless…,andunless…。但if…notandif…not卻不受此限。 Youwon’tloseyourweightunlessyoueatlessandunlessyouexercisemore.(×) 但可以說(shuō)…unlessyoueatlessandexercisemore. 10、注意狀語(yǔ)從句中從句的省略現(xiàn)象 (1)連接詞+過(guò)去分詞 Don’tspeakuntilspokento. Pressurecanbeincrasedwhenneeded. Unlessrepaired,thewashingmachineisnouse. (2)連詞+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 Lookoutwhilecrossingthestreet. (3)連詞+形容詞/其他 常見的有itnecessary、ifpossible、whennecessary、ifany等。 二、精典名題導(dǎo)解選擇填空1.Idon’tthinkI’llneedanymoneybutI’llbringsome____________.A.aslastB.incaseC.onceagainD.intime解析:答案為B。句意為“帶些錢以防萬(wàn)一”,只能選擇incase。引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,后面省略了Ishouldneedit。2.TheWTOcan’tliveuptoitsname_________itdoesn’tincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.A.aslongasB.whileC.ifD.eventhough解析:答案為C。本題考查狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。句意為“假如世貿(mào)組織不包括占世界人口五分之一的中國(guó)的話,那它就名不副實(shí)”。aslongas語(yǔ)氣過(guò)于強(qiáng)烈,while和eventhough不符合句意。3、Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup_________Icouldanswerthephone.A.asB.sinceC.beforeD.until解析:答案為C。題意為:半夜里有人打來(lái)電話,我沒來(lái)得及就掛了。but暗示在接話前就掛了。4.Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight’ssleepmuchworkyouhavetodo.A.howeverB.nomatterC.althoughD.whatever解析:答案為A。此題考查連詞用法,依據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)However+形/副+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。故選A。5.HespeaksEnglishwellindeed,butofcoursenotanativespeaker.A.asfluentasB.morefluentthanC.sofluentlyasD.muchfluentlythan解析:答案為C。此題考查Soadj./adv.As和asadj./adv.As用法,前者主要用于否定句,在這里要修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,故選C。 2011高考英語(yǔ)備考(考點(diǎn)聚焦+名題導(dǎo)解)定語(yǔ)從句 一、考點(diǎn)聚焦高考英語(yǔ)備考定語(yǔ)從句
1、功能:相當(dāng)于形容詞,修飾名詞或代詞,在句中作定語(yǔ)
2、位置:定語(yǔ)從句置于被修飾詞之后
Thosewhoarewillingtoattendtheparty,signhereplease.
3、先行詞:被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞
(1)先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞,如:some-,any-,every-和no與-boy,-thing的合成詞;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞,人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。
(2)先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。必須注意兩點(diǎn):
①先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。
Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.
②關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分,其意思就是先行詞的意義,所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。
Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit(them)inChina.
4、關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的都稱關(guān)系詞
關(guān)系代詞:who,whom,which,that,whose,as。
關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why。that偶爾也作關(guān)系副詞。
5、確定關(guān)系詞的步驟
(1)先找關(guān)系詞,看先行詞指的是什么。
(2)看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?br>
6、在定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí),下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which
(1)先行詞被①形容詞最高級(jí)②序數(shù)詞③數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修飾時(shí)。
(2)先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時(shí)。
(3)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。
Hewaslookingpleasantlyattechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.
(4)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。
Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.
(5)當(dāng)主句中含有疑問詞which時(shí)。
Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?
7、宜用which而不用that的情況
(1)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中
(2)在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)
(3)當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)
(4)當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)
8、關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí),也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞
(1)當(dāng)主句是therebe句型時(shí),關(guān)系詞用who。
(2)先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞用who。
(3)當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞用that。
Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?
(4)whom在從句中只作賓語(yǔ),可被who取代。
9、whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物,在從句中作定語(yǔ)。如:
DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?
Thereisaroom,whosewindowfacestheriver.
Thereisaroom,thewindowofwhichfacestheriver.
10、關(guān)系代詞as,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。
(1)先行詞被such和thesame修飾,或句型asmany(much)中,從句都用as引導(dǎo)。
Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.
Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsage.
注意:區(qū)別①such…that…引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。Theyaresuch
lovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch.②thesame…that…引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.
(2)無(wú)先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句用as和which引導(dǎo)。
區(qū)別:①意義上:as含有“這點(diǎn)正如……一樣”。②位置上:as從句可置句首,也可在另處。
Hedidn’tpasstheexam,aswehadexpected.
Thereislotsofairinloosesnow,whichcankeepthecoldout.
Asisknown,theearthisround,notflat.
11、關(guān)系副詞when與where、why、that
when指時(shí)間=in/at/on/duringwhich
where指地點(diǎn)=in/at/from/which
why指原因=forwhich
當(dāng)先行詞為way、day、reason、time時(shí),可用that作關(guān)系副詞。(非正式場(chǎng)合)
Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/hetalks.
當(dāng)time作先行詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞可以省掉。
ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.
12、必須注意的問題
(1)關(guān)系詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句中謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)。
(2)注意區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
①定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分,復(fù)合句。
②強(qiáng)調(diào)it無(wú)意義,that/who不是引導(dǎo)詞。
③強(qiáng)調(diào)itis/was和that/who后如果句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,講不通則不是。
Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.(定語(yǔ)從句)
Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
(3)定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。
①定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞,that充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。有時(shí)可省略。
②同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞,that不能充當(dāng)任何成分,不可省。
Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位語(yǔ))
Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheir.(定語(yǔ))
(4)關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。
①關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ),前無(wú)介詞時(shí)。
②關(guān)系詞作表語(yǔ)。
(5)限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯。
(6)關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞,關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。
(7)幾個(gè)特殊的定語(yǔ)從句句型:
①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarks
inthematch.(句中one為先行詞)
Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(句中students為先行詞)
②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?
Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?
③Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.
④Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
選擇填空
1.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.
A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where
解析:答案為C。本題考查分隔定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞的選擇。作好本題的關(guān)鍵是要能辨認(rèn)出該定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞thehours和關(guān)系詞被介詞短語(yǔ)tome所分隔。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞hours,并且關(guān)系詞在從句中用作狀語(yǔ),故應(yīng)選擇表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞when。
2.___________isknowntoeverybody,thenoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
解析:答案為B。本題考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語(yǔ)從句。as作“正如……”解時(shí),引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。當(dāng)as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常用于下列短語(yǔ):asisknown、asissaid、asisreported、asisannounced等。要注意掌握作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法。
3.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown___________hegrewupasachild.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
解析:答案為B。本題考查限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞短語(yǔ)thesmalltown,且關(guān)系詞不作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)而作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),因此定語(yǔ)從句必須用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。要注意分清先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?,然后選擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。
4.TheEnglishplaymystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.
A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
解析:答案為C??级ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。主句部分應(yīng)是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.從句補(bǔ)全為獨(dú)立句子應(yīng)是mystudentsactedintheplay。所以應(yīng)選inwhich,其余介詞不妥。
5.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousersshehadwipedherhands.
A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that
解析:答案為A。本題考地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句,用where引導(dǎo)。句意是“她的褲子上她擦過(guò)手的地方有臟痕”。此處不能用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,排除C,本題易被誤認(rèn)為考定語(yǔ)從句,意為“在她擦過(guò)手的褲子上有臟痕”。定語(yǔ)從句修飾trousers,也只能用where。B和D可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,但只作主、賓等成分。定語(yǔ)從句缺少狀語(yǔ),不缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ),故不可用。
6.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,thesailingtimewas226days.
A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich
解析:答案為A。本題考定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系代詞which指代thejourney,定語(yǔ)從句恢復(fù)為獨(dú)立句子應(yīng)是:Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days,故選ofwhich。