高中生物一輪復(fù)習(xí)教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2021-01-05(精品推薦)高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語學(xué)案--專題一名詞和冠詞。
(精品推薦)高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語學(xué)案--專題一名詞和冠詞
1.(2008福建)What’sthe_____ofhavingapublicopenspacewhereyoucan’teat,drinkorevensimplyhangoutforawhile?
A.senseB.matterC.caseD.opinion
Asense意為“感覺”在這樣一個(gè)公共場所,不可以吃喝甚至不可以走動(dòng)有什么感覺。
2.(2008天津卷)Mostairpollutioniscausedbytheburningof____likecoal,gasandoil.
A.fuelsB.articlesC.goodsD.products
Afuel燃料,題干中coal,gas,oil均為燃料,由此選出A
3.(2008山東)Iboughtadressforonly10dollarsinasale;itwasareal______.
A.exchangeB.bargainC.tradeD.business
Bbargain廉價(jià)貨符合句意,exchange交換;trade貿(mào)易,買賣;business事業(yè),業(yè)務(wù)均不合句意
4.(2008江西卷)—Shallwegooutforawalk?
—Sorry.Thisisnottheright____toinviteme.Iamtootiredtowalk.
A.momentB.situationC.placeD.chance
A句意為:此刻邀請(qǐng)我不合適,moment此時(shí),此刻符合句意;situation形式;place地方;chance機(jī)會(huì)均不合題意
5.(2008湖北卷)Theyoungmanmadea______tohisparentsthathewouldtrytoearnhisownlivingaftergraduation.
A.predictionB.promiseC.planD.contribution
B年輕人對(duì)父母做出許諾。B許諾,答應(yīng)符合句意;A意思為預(yù)測,C為計(jì)劃,D意為貢獻(xiàn)均不合句意
6.(2008湖北卷)Thetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalksinafriendly______
A.atmosphereB.stateC.situationD.phenomenon
Aatmosphere氛圍。氣氛符合句意;B為狀態(tài);C為形式;D意為現(xiàn)象
7.(2008安徽卷)Tosavesomeofthehumanlanguagesbeforetheyareforgotten,thestudentsinourschoolstartedadiscussion“SaveOur________”.
A.SkyB.LifeC.ArtsD.Voices
D句意:為了拯救那些被遺忘的人類語言,我校同學(xué)開展了題為“拯救我們的聲音”的大討論;此處聲音妥當(dāng)
8.(2008遼寧卷)Myneighboraskedmetogofor_________walk,butIdon’tthinkI’vegot_________energy.
A.a;不填B.the;theC.不填;theD.a;the
Dgoforawalk去散步,走走,固定搭配;theenergy那個(gè)力量,專指去散步的力量,具體所指,所以用定冠詞the.
9.(2008全國Ⅱ)It’snot_________goodideatodriveforfourhourswithout_________break.
A.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;the
A開車好幾個(gè)小時(shí)沒有一個(gè)一次休息不是一個(gè)好主意,所以從意義上都是單數(shù),而且是可數(shù)名詞,所以都用不定冠詞a.
10.(2008山東卷)Studentsshouldbeencouragedtouse_____Internetas_________resource.
A.不填;aB.不填;theC.the;theD.the;a
D因特網(wǎng)專有名詞用定冠詞;作為一種資源,種類泛指用不定冠詞a.
11.(2008湖南卷,22)Haveyouheard______news?Thepieceof_______petrolisgoingupagain!
A.the,theB.不填,theC.the,不填D.不填,不填
C聽說那個(gè)消息,特指后面的石油價(jià)格上漲,所以用定冠詞;石油不可數(shù)名詞,所以不用任何冠詞
12.(2008江蘇卷,21)Wewentrightroundtothewestcoastby______seainsteadofdrivingacross______continent.
A.the;theB.不填;theC.the;不填D.不填;不填
Bby+交通工具中間不用任何冠詞;與水路對(duì)應(yīng),專指陸路,所以用定冠詞the.
13.(2008江西卷,30)---Iamsosorrytohavecomelateforthemeeting.
---Itisnotyourfault.With__rush-hourtrafficand__heavyrain,itisnowonderyouwerelate.
A.a;aB.the;theC./;/D./;a
A一種。。。樣的交通狀況用a;這么一場大雨,泛指,用a.
14.(2008陜西卷,10)Iate_________sandwichwhileIwaswaitingfor_________20:08train.
A.the,aB.the,theC.a,theD.a,a
C我吃了一個(gè)三明治,一般所指;特指哪一列火車,用定冠詞the.
15.(四川卷,08)IntheUnitedStates,thereisalways____flowofpeopletoareasof______countrywheremorejobscanbefound.
A.a;theB.the;aC.the;theD.a;a
A一群人流,aflowof固定搭配;特指能找到工作的那個(gè)地方,所以用定冠詞。
16.(2008浙江卷,2)______applefellfromthetreeandhithimon______head.
A.An;theB.The;theC.An;不填D.The;不填
A一個(gè)蘋果,可數(shù)名詞;hitsbonthehead固定用法。擊中某人某個(gè)部位用定冠詞。
17.(2008重慶卷)InmanyplacesinChina,___bicycleisstill___popularmeansoftransportation.
A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD.the;the
C自行車,專指大家知道的交通工具,用定冠詞表類別;一種。。。方式,固定用法。
按照名詞和冠詞的考查規(guī)律,同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)備考中要注意:
1.語義學(xué)習(xí)是語言學(xué)習(xí)過程中的基礎(chǔ),沒有一定的詞匯量,聽說讀寫等其它能力無從談起。所以,在備考中,一定要重視詞匯語義的學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)
2.詞匯意義的領(lǐng)悟和掌握既要機(jī)械記憶,又要在閱讀、運(yùn)用中領(lǐng)悟,鞏固。要將詞匯織成一個(gè)網(wǎng),全面掌握一些重要的詞匯及相關(guān)詞匯
3.同義詞近義詞的學(xué)習(xí)必須進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)。收集大量的語言實(shí)例,反復(fù)記憶,用心領(lǐng)悟。
4.考查零冠詞用法。
5.和某些抽象名詞連用,使其具體化以及不可數(shù)名詞在特指情況下將成為考查重點(diǎn)。
6.冠詞在一些固定短語,特殊句式的運(yùn)用將仍舊會(huì)出現(xiàn)在某些省市的高考試卷中。
7.比較級(jí)中的冠詞也是考查的重點(diǎn)。
8.冠詞的基本用法,定冠詞在adj.前表示一類尤其是考查的重點(diǎn)。
9.語境、語義下的冠詞靈活運(yùn)用。
10.根據(jù)知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)將冠詞的基本用法記牢,這是你做好試題的前提。
11.熟悉一些名詞的用法,和冠詞結(jié)合。有很多不可數(shù)名詞,有時(shí)候被具體化的情況,也是考查的重點(diǎn)
12.多做練習(xí),能夠提高熟悉語境的能力,很多考題是要和語境相聯(lián)系起來考查的,這方面一定要重視
1.Iheardyouhave______vacantpositionforasecretary.I’vecometoapplyfor_____job.
A.the;aB.a(chǎn);theC.不填;aD.a(chǎn);不填
2.---John,thereis_____Mr.Wilsononthephoneforyou.
----I’min____bath.
A.a;theB.the;aC.a;不填D.不填;不填
3.Peoplethinkthat______openingceremonyofthe29thOlympicGamesis_____greatsuccess.
A.an;aB.the;aC.the;theD.the;X
4.---Doyouoftenlistento_____radio?
----No,infactIhaven’tgot____radio.
A.a;theB.不填;aC.the;aD.the;the
5.---Waiter,couldwehave_____bill,please?
----Darling,don’tforgettoleave____tip.
A.a;theB.a;不填C.the;不填D.the;a
6.Theresearchshowedbeyond________thatsmokingcontributestoheartdiseases.
A.wonderB.doubtC.problemD.use
7WouldyoutakemyoldTVin_______forthiscamera?
A.placeB.returnC.exchangeD.business
8Facedwiththehardfinancial____________,allthecountriesintheworldshouldlearntocooperatetogetitover.
A.situationB.positionC.phenomenonD.state
9.Itisaspectacular__________asthefireworksaresetoffandlightupthewhoskyduringtheSpringFestival.
A.lookB.viewC.sceneryD.sight
10.Quiteafewemployees’paymentsarecutdownandbarelycovertheirhousehold________duetotheseriouseconomiccrisis.
A.billsB.expensesC.pricesD.charges
11.Suddenlywefeltthe_________atmospheregrowtenseasneitherofthesideswouldgivein.
A.atmosphereB.stateC.situationD.phenomenon
12.TheChinesearelookingforwardtothefirst_______tolandonthemoonafterthreeChineseastronauts’successfultriptospace.
A.measureB.attemptC.purposeD.desire
13.—Whodidyoustaywithyesterday?Icouldn’tfindyouanywhere.
—___________.
A.Mr.Green’sB.TheGreensC.GreensD.TheMr.Green’s
14.Ishouldn’thaveacceptedtheman’spresent,butIfounditdifficulttoturndownhis______.
A.offerB.requestC.suggestionD.plan
15.Hekeptsendingherpresentsinanattempttowinher_______.
A.respectB.favorC.admirationD.pleasure
參考答案1-5BADCD
6Bbeyonddoubt為固定短語,意為:無疑,確實(shí)。本句句意為:這項(xiàng)研究確實(shí)表明吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟疾病。
7.Cinreturnfor…作為回報(bào);inexchangefor…交換。你愿意用我的舊電視機(jī)換這架照相機(jī)嗎?
8A面對(duì)嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢,世界各國應(yīng)努力合作共同克服。situation形式,處境。
9Dlook看;面貌;view指從某處看到的景色;scenery指自然景色;sight指所看到的事物,景象。在春節(jié)期間,當(dāng)煙火被點(diǎn)燃照亮整個(gè)夜空的時(shí)候真是一幅壯觀的景象。
10.Bexpense意為“(時(shí)間、精力、金錢等的)消耗,花銷,費(fèi)用”。很多雇員收入下降不夠維持生活的費(fèi)用”。故選B項(xiàng)。bill意為“賬單,清單”。price意為“價(jià)格,價(jià)錢,市價(jià),代價(jià),價(jià)值”。charge意為“費(fèi)用,捐稅,代價(jià),記賬”,作“費(fèi)用”解時(shí)指賣方開出的價(jià)錢。
11Aatmosphere氛圍,D意為現(xiàn)象。我們突然感覺到氣氛變得緊張了。
12Bmeasure措施;attempt試圖,嘗試;purpose目的;desire渴望,欲望。在中國三名宇航員成功遨游太空后,中國正盼望著登月的第一次嘗試.
13B此題考查考生對(duì)復(fù)數(shù)姓氏名詞的掌握能力。表示姓…的一家人,應(yīng)用the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
14Aoffer:statementofferingtodo,orgivesthtosb.(為某人做某事或給某人某事物的)建議,提議request:actofaskingforsth.要求;suggestion提議或建議的內(nèi)容;plan計(jì)劃。本句句意為:我本不該接受那個(gè)人的禮物,但很難拒絕他的提議。故選A。
15.B他不停送給她禮物,試圖獲得她的好感。favor:liking,goodwill,approval喜愛,寵愛,好感,歡心。
冠詞做題技巧點(diǎn)撥:注意固定短語中的冠詞;名詞的具體化;抽象名詞表示特指;在做題中要注意前后兩個(gè)空的彼此照應(yīng);可以依據(jù)意思和語境把握冠詞。
名詞做題技巧點(diǎn)撥:注意同義詞、近義詞意思的把握,要依據(jù)語意、詞義進(jìn)行辨析。
1.RecentlyCCTVStationhastakengreatpainstomakeaprogramthatreviewstheimportant_____0f2008.
A.affairsB.eventsC.mattersD.things
2.There’sno______frommybedroomwindowexceptforsomefactorychimneys.
A.viewB.sceneC.sightD.look
3.Sheisinapoor______ofhealth,whichworrieshermothermuch.
A.positionB.situationC.stateD.condition
4.Theexperimentturnedouttobe________,whichwasn’t______theywanted.
A.acompletelyfailing;asB.acompletefailure;what
C.completelyfailure;thatD.failed;不填
5.Inthebotanicgardenwecanfinda(n)______ofplantsthatrangefromtalltreestosmallflowers.
A.speciesB.groupC.amountD.variety
6.Hewaschosen_________ofthecompany.
A.managerB.amanagerC.themanagerD.asamanager
7.Ilookedunder__________bedandfound__________bookIlostlastweek.
A.the;aB.the:theC.不填;theD.the;不填
8.—Howabout__________Christmaseveningparty?
—Ishouldsayitwas__________success.
A.a;aB.The;aC.a;不填D.the;不填
9.Polarbearslivemostlyon__________seaice,whichtheyuseas__________platformforhuntingseals.
A.a;aB.a;theC.不填;aD.the;不填
10.Wehaveeveryreasontobelievethat__________2008BeijingOlympicGameswillbe__________success.
A.不填;aB.the;不填C.the;aD.a;a
11.Manypeoplehavecometorealizethattheyshouldgoon__________balanceddietandmake__________roomintheirdayforexercise.
A.a;不填B.the;aC.the;theD.不填;a
12.—Couldyoutellmethewayto__________Johnsons,please?
—Sorry,wedon’thave__________Johnsonhereinthevillage.
A.the;theB.the;aC.不填;theD.the;不填
13.__________walkisexpectedtolastallday,sobring__________packedlunch.
A.A;aB.The;不填C.The;aD.A;不填
14.In__________filmCastAway.TomHanksplays__________mannamedChuckNoland.
A.a;theB.the;aC.the;theD.a;a
15.Howabouttaking__________shortbreak?Iwanttomake__________call.
A.the;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;a
16.Iwantedtocatch__________earlytrain,butcouldn’tget__________ridetothestation.
A.an,theB.不填,theC.an,不填D.the,a
17.Ilike__________colorofyourskirt.Itis__________goodmatchforyourblouse.
A.a;theB.a;aC.the;aD.the;the
18.Georgecouldn’trememberwhenhefirstmetMr.Anderson,buthewassureitwas__________Sundaybecauseeverybodywasat__________church.
A.不填;theB.the;不填C.a;不填D.不填;a
19.—Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover__________.—Youshouldn’tputdrinksnear__________computer.
A.the;不填B.the;aC.a;不填D.a;a
20.In__________reviewoff44studies,Americanresearchersfoundthatmenandwomenwhoatesixkeyfoodsdailycuttheriskof__________heartdiseaseby76%._______
A.a;theB.the;aC.a;不填D.不填;a
21.Ofall__________reasonsformydecisiontobecomeauniversityprofessor,myfather’sadvicewas__________mostimportantone.
A.the;aB.不填;aC.不填;theD.the;the
22.Forhim__________stageisjust__________meansofmakingaliving.
A.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;the
23.Accordingto__________WorldHealthOrganization,healthcareplansareneededinallbigcitiestoprevent__________spreadofAIDS.
A.the;不填B.the;theC.a;aD.不填;the
24.Everywheremanhascutdown__________forestsinordertogrowcrops,ortouse__________woodasfuelorasbuildingmaterial.
A.the;theB.the;不填 C.不填;theD.不填;不填
25.Iknowyoudon’tlike__________musicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthinkof__________musicinthefilmwesawyesterday?
A.不填;不填B.the;theC.the;不填D.不填;the
參考答案1-5BACBD6-10ABBCC11-15ABCBD16-20.DCCBC21-25DBBCD
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高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語教案:名詞和冠詞
一名優(yōu)秀的教師在每次教學(xué)前有自己的事先計(jì)劃,作為高中教師準(zhǔn)備好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以讓學(xué)生們能夠在上課時(shí)充分理解所教內(nèi)容,幫助高中教師在教學(xué)期間更好的掌握節(jié)奏。您知道高中教案應(yīng)該要怎么下筆嗎?下面是小編為大家整理的“高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語教案:名詞和冠詞”,僅供參考,希望能為您提供參考!
2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語教案:名詞和冠詞1.名詞的數(shù)和格;2.名詞作定語;3.抽象名詞具體化;4.在具體的情境中名詞詞義的編寫;5.定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞;6.表示職位、頭銜的名詞作同位語、補(bǔ)語、表語時(shí),其前面常不用任何冠詞;7.在年代、朝代、世紀(jì)名詞前,常用定冠詞the;8.by+表示計(jì)量單位的名詞;9.三餐、月份名詞前常用零冠詞,但當(dāng)被某一形容詞修飾時(shí),其前面常用不定冠詞a/an;10.語言類的名詞前一般不加冠詞,但其后有l(wèi)anguage/tongue時(shí),其前加the
1.冠詞是歷年高考的必考知識(shí)點(diǎn),主要出現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)選擇和短文改錯(cuò)題中.雖說只有兩類,共三個(gè)(不定冠詞a,an和定冠詞the),但其使用規(guī)則很復(fù)雜,一直是讓考生感到很頭痛的一類命題.需要說明的是:在近幾年高考試題中,冠詞考題很少考查某一單獨(dú)考點(diǎn),一般都是一題兩空,涉及兩個(gè)考點(diǎn)因此在復(fù)習(xí)備考中要考綱要求要重點(diǎn)掌握如下幾點(diǎn):
1)考查不定冠詞a/an表示個(gè)別或泛指的用法
2)考查定冠詞the特指某一個(gè)人或事物的用法
3)考查不定冠詞和定冠詞在固定搭配中的用法
4)考查零冠詞(即省略冠詞)表示泛指及其習(xí)慣搭配用法
5)考查冠詞在表示類別名詞前的用法
6)考查不定冠詞在具體化抽象名詞前的用法
7)考查冠詞在比較級(jí)前的用法
8)考查冠詞在其他特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的用法
9)考查有無冠詞而迥異短語
2.對(duì)名詞的考查考綱要求注意同義詞、近義詞的辨析;名詞固定用法;從近幾年高考英語語法與名詞詞匯所考試題來看,高考命題中語法與詞匯呈現(xiàn)出以下特點(diǎn):淡化語法,注重交際語境化與生活化,不再單獨(dú)地去考察某一個(gè)語法或是詞匯點(diǎn),而是把考點(diǎn)放到一個(gè)生活化的語言環(huán)境中,突出語用能力
隨著“淡化語法,注重語言交際及語用功能”這一理念的逐漸認(rèn)同及新課標(biāo)對(duì)詞匯量要求的逐年增加,高考教師在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)名詞和冠詞時(shí)要正確把握考綱要求,首先弄清考試命題動(dòng)向,其次學(xué)生在名詞的學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)中經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)和易混的就是同義詞和近義詞的辨析比較,這樣要針對(duì)這些問題專門設(shè)計(jì)針對(duì)性題目進(jìn)行突破;對(duì)于冠詞的教學(xué)在二輪復(fù)習(xí)中要緊抓冠詞的特殊用法,在抽象名詞的具體化、零冠詞的使用、固定短語中的冠詞等進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練和點(diǎn)撥,學(xué)生經(jīng)常犯錯(cuò)的就是抽象名詞具體化,需用冠詞以及固定短語中的冠詞使用,針對(duì)問題,進(jìn)行歸納梳理,為學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)備考查缺補(bǔ)漏做好準(zhǔn)備
一、名詞
(一)、名詞的種類:
1、專有名詞:
1)China,Japan,Beijing,London,Tom,Jack(不加冠詞)
2)theGreatWall,theYellowRiver,thePeople’sRepublicofChina,theUnitedStates等。(由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞,要加定冠詞。)
2、普通名詞:
1)不可數(shù)名詞
注意:不可數(shù)名詞前一般不加冠詞,尤不加不定冠詞:若加a(an)則使之具體化了。
如:haveawonderfultime.
不可數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
不可數(shù)名詞一般無復(fù)數(shù)形式。部分物質(zhì)名詞在表不同類別時(shí),可用復(fù)數(shù)形式
如:fishes,newspapers,waters,snows……
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各種各樣的魚各種報(bào)紙河湖、海水積雪
有些抽象名詞也常用復(fù)數(shù),變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)的具體的事物。如:times時(shí)代,works著作,difficulties困難
在表數(shù)量時(shí),常用“of”詞組來表示。如:
aglassofmilk,acupoftea,twopiecesofpaper….
2)可數(shù)名詞:
可數(shù)名詞除用復(fù)數(shù)形式表一類之外,一般都要加冠詞:Abirdcanfly.
Thefrogisakindofhibernatinganimal.
Vegetablessoldatthisshopareusuallyfresh.
有復(fù)數(shù)形式:
a)規(guī)則變化——加“s”或“es”(與初中同,略)
b)不規(guī)則變化——child(children),foot(feet),tooth(teeth),man(men),
woman(women),mouse(mice),goose(geese),Englishman(Englishmen),phenomenon(phenomena)…
注意:c)單、復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese,fish(同一種魚)……如,
asheep,twosheep
d)只用復(fù)數(shù)形式:thanks,trousers,goods,clothes,socks,shoes,…
e)形復(fù)實(shí)單:physics,politics,maths,news,plastics(塑料),means.
f)形單實(shí)復(fù):people(人民,人們),thepolice,cattle等
g)集合名詞如:family,public,group,class等。當(dāng)作為整體時(shí),為單數(shù);當(dāng)作為整體中的各個(gè)成員時(shí),為復(fù)數(shù)如:
Myfamilyisabigone.
Myfamilyaremusiclovers.
h)復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),a)只把復(fù)合名詞中的主體各詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如:
sister(s)-in-law嫂子,弟妹;step-son(s)繼子;editor(s)-in-chief總編輯。
b)如沒有主體名詞則在最后一個(gè)詞的后面加“s”。如:grown-up(s)成年人,go-between(s)中間人
c)woman,man作定語時(shí),要與被修飾的名詞的數(shù)一致。如:amanservant—menservants,awomandoctor—womendoctors
(二)、名詞的所有格:
1、表有生命的東西(人或動(dòng)物)的名詞所有格,一般在名詞后加“’s”。如:Mike’sbag,Children’sDay,mybrother’sroom,women’srights…
注意:1)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞尾是-s或-es,它的所有格只在詞后加“s”。如:Teachers’Day,theworkers’rest-home(工人療養(yǎng)院),thestudents’reading-room。
2)復(fù)合名詞的所有格,在后面的詞后加“’s”。如:herson-in-law’sphoto(她女婿的照片);anybodyelse’sbook(其他任何人的書)
3)如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人或兩人以上共有,則在最后的一個(gè)名詞后面加“’s”;如果不是共有,則每個(gè)詞后都要加“’s”。如:JaneandHelen’sroom.珍妮和海倫的房間(共有).Bill’sandTom’sradios.比爾的收音機(jī)和湯姆的收音機(jī)(不共有)
4)表地點(diǎn)(店鋪,某人的家等)的名詞所有格后面,一般省去它所修飾的名詞。如:
thetailor’s(裁縫鋪)thedoctor’s(診所)MrBrown’s(布朗先生的家)
5)有些表時(shí)間、距離、國家、城鎮(zhèn)的無生命的名詞,也可加“’s”表所有格
如:halfanhour’swalk(半小時(shí)的路程)
China’sagriculture(中國的農(nóng)業(yè))
2、表示無生命的東西的名詞一般與of構(gòu)成詞組,表示所有格。如:thecoverofthebook
3、表示有生命的東西的名詞也可以用of,特別是名詞較長,有較多的定語時(shí)如:
thestoryofDrNormanBethune.
Doyouknowthenameoftheboystandingatthegate?
4、“of詞組+所有格”的用法:
在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞(如:a,two,some,afew,this,that,these,those等)時(shí),常用“of詞組+所有格”的形式來表示所有關(guān)系。如:
afriendofmyfather’s我父親的一位朋友
someinventionsofEdison’s愛迪生的一些發(fā)明
thoseexercise-booksofthestudents’學(xué)生們的那些練習(xí)本
二、冠詞
(一)、不定冠詞的用法
1.表示one,thesame,every
Theyareofanage.
Iearn10dollarsanhourasasalesman.
2.用在物質(zhì)、抽象名詞前,表示“一種、一類、一份、一場、一陣”
That’sagreentea.
Theywerecaughtinaheavyrain.
Itisagreatpleasuretohaveatalkwithyou.
3.用于某人姓名前,表示“某個(gè)名叫……的人”;用于星期中的某一天的名稱前,表示“某星期幾”
HediedonaSunday.
AMr.Smithiswaitingforyououtside.
4.不定冠詞的特殊位置:
What/such/rathera(an)+(adj.)+單數(shù)名詞
So/as/too/how/however+adj.+a/an單數(shù)名詞
Manya(an)+單數(shù)名詞許多
Nota(an)+單數(shù)名詞不止一個(gè)
Halfa(an)+單數(shù)名詞
Whatacleverboyheis!=Howcleveraboyheis!
ManyayoungmanwantstolearnEnglish.
Heisquiteagoodplayer.
Itisratheracoldday.
Howevercleveraboyheis,heistofollowtheteacher’sinstructions.
5.用在某些固定詞組中:
Haveaswim/talk/walk/dance/look/quarrel,haveacold,haveagoodtime,keepadiary,inahurry,onceinawhile,ataloss,forawhile,onceuponatime,allofasudden,tellalie,dosb.afavor,atamouthful,atadistance,asamatteroffact
(二)、.定冠詞的用法
1.專有名詞
TheEnglishmentheEnglish
TheFrenchmentheFrench
TheEnglishmeninthedining-roomarehavingsuppernow.
TheEnglishmen/Englishuseaknifeandforkintheirmeals.
2.固定習(xí)慣用語
TheGreensareattable.
TheChenswillmovetoNanjing.
TheTangDynasty,theSpringandAutumnPeriod,inthe1870’s
Heplaystheviolinbutgiveslessonsonthepiano.
Ihavehiredthecarbythehour.
Thewindowsfacetothesouth.
Ontheleft/right
Inthedaytimetheotherday=afewdaysago
Hitsb.intheface
Woundsb.intheleg
thefirst,thetallest,thetallerofthetwoboys
Whoinventedthetelephone?
Therich,thewounded
theblindtherichthewoundedthenewtheunknownthelearnedthedying
Inthemorning,intheend,intheleast,inthedistance,intheway,onthewhole,ontheotherhand,atthesametime,atthemoment,inthe1980’s,gotothecinema/theatre,gotothedoctors’,forthetimebeing,ontheradio/phone.
(三)、零冠詞的用法
1、一日三餐、一年四季、節(jié)假日
Springcomesafterwinter.
TheycametoBeijinginthewinterof2004.
WehavefewclassesonSaturday.
ThishappenedonaSundaytowardtheendofJune.
Helikesplayingbasketball.
Hestudiesbiologyatuniversity.
ComradeLiwaschairmanofthemeeting.
2.系動(dòng)詞turn(變成)后的單數(shù)名詞作表語用零冠詞
Hisbrotherhasturnedwriter.
3.用在“表示類型的名詞+of…”這一結(jié)構(gòu)后的單數(shù)名詞用零冠詞。
Thewarmthofthesweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortofwoolused.
4.“零冠詞+單數(shù)名詞+as/though+主語+謂語,+主句”意味“雖然/盡管……,但是……”。
Heroasheis,hehassomeshortcomings.
5.在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的某一形式中
Theteachercamein,bookinhand.
6.固定短語
dayandnight,penandink,husbandandwife,fatherandson,sunandmoon,masterandservant,facetoface,handinhand,sidebyside,shouldertoshoulder,neckandneck,stepbystep,fromtoptobottom,incaseoffire,frommorningtillnight,frombeginningtoend,atnoon/dawn/daybreak/dusk/night/midnight,to/at/fromwork,catchfire,catchsightof,cometolight,cometopower,givebirthto,watchTV/onTV,everyfewdays,onsecondthoughts,come/rank/comeoutfirst,takeoffice.
(四)、冠詞??家谆禳c(diǎn)
1.theworld,apeacefulworld,themoon,abrightmoon
-Haveyouhadsupper?
-Wehadawonderfulsupper.
Hestartshisdaybyplayingtheviolin.
Heisplayingaborrowedviolin.
Thisbookistooexpensiveforme.Iwanttolookatacheaperone.
Itisamostusefulbook.
2.Canyougivemeasecondchance,please?
Hegotafirstprizeinmathematics.
Weplayedtwodrawstheotherday,butwhenItriedathirdtime,Iwasbeaten.
3.由動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的抽象名詞,有定語修飾時(shí)與不定冠詞連用
AknowledgeofEnglish,awideknowledgeoftradeandmusic
Anunderstandingof,acollectionof
experience經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)驗(yàn)
success成功的人或事;成功
exercise練習(xí),習(xí)題,體操;鍛煉,運(yùn)動(dòng)
4.牢記純不可數(shù)名詞。Information,fun,weather,progress,advice,news,space,word(news)。
高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語學(xué)案專題九名詞性從句
俗話說,居安思危,思則有備,有備無患。教師在教學(xué)前就要準(zhǔn)備好教案,做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。教案可以讓學(xué)生們能夠更好的找到學(xué)習(xí)的樂趣,減輕教師們?cè)诮虒W(xué)時(shí)的教學(xué)壓力。教案的內(nèi)容具體要怎樣寫呢?為此,小編從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上為大家精心整理了《高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語學(xué)案專題九名詞性從句》,僅供您在工作和學(xué)習(xí)中參考。
2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語學(xué)案專題九名詞性從句1.(2007山東,22)CouldIspeakto____isinchargeofInternationalSales,please?
A.anyoneB.someoneC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
C.“isinchargeofInternationalSales”表語從句,缺少引導(dǎo)詞和主語。其中A.B.選項(xiàng)后面需加定語從句引導(dǎo)詞who;而nomatterwho不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句。
2.(2008重慶,25)PeopleinChongqingareproudof__theyhaveachievedinthepasttenyears.
A.thatB.whichCwhatD.how
C“theyhaveachievedinthepasttenyears”做介詞of的賓語,賓語從句中缺少haveachieved的賓語。
3.(2008山東,23)____wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.
A.ItBThisC.WhatD.As
C.句子的主干為“____wasmostimportanttoherwasherfamily”很明顯此句的主語是個(gè)從句,主語從句中缺主語。
4.(09山東)Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain_________shewasandwaittorhermother.
A.whereB.whatC.howD.who
Aremain是系動(dòng)詞,后加表語從句,由句意可知,從句缺地點(diǎn)狀語,所以選A。
5.(09湖南)Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoittakestosaveherlife.
A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever
C名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:她對(duì)我們來說是非常寶貴,我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好做一切來拯救她的生命。
6.(09江西)Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists______theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.though
C間隔式同位語從句的用法。即先行詞是thefact和that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句中間隔了謂語部分。
7.(09海南)CouldIspeaktoisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?
A.whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whatever
Cwhoever既作了to的賓語,又作isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?的主語。“whoever”作代詞,/anypersonwho/thepersonwho/“任何人”、“無論誰”、“……的人”。
8.(09陜西)Thehowtobookcanbeofhelptowantstodothejob.
A.whoB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.whoever
D此處從做介詞to的賓語,是名詞性從句,引導(dǎo)詞做從句的主語,指人,意思是:無論是誰,選D。
9.(09海南)Oneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwasofpublichealth
A.whatB.thisC.thatD.which
C句意為:他們必須考慮其中最重要的問題是公共衛(wèi)生??疾閠hat作代詞,that作代詞,往往用于特指,相當(dāng)于“that+名詞”,它也只能代替事情不能代替人。
10.(09上海)Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof_______hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how
D考查賓語從句用法。句意“作為一個(gè)新的外交家,他常常想到在這樣的場合下,他如何才能作出更恰當(dāng)?shù)姆磻?yīng)”??芍xD符合。
11.(09四川)8.Newscamefromtheschooloffice________WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where
C在該題中that引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)同位語從句來解釋說明news的內(nèi)容,由于該題把同位語從句后置了,所以很多考生由于不能正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)而錯(cuò)誤選擇了D項(xiàng)。
要求學(xué)生在做題中要注意如下幾點(diǎn):1.分析結(jié)構(gòu),辨析名詞性從句和狀語從句;2.理解句意,正確區(qū)別引導(dǎo)詞;3.按照句意,出現(xiàn)那個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞意思,便選擇那個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。
1.Thereisacommonbeliefamongthem___rubbishcanandshouldbeputtogooduse.
A.whichB.ifC.whoseD.that
2.__hasbeenmentionedabove,continuedchairmanafterhetookasipofcoffee,____theprojectmustbecarriedoutbeforespringfloodcomes.
A.As;thatB.That;whichC.This;whichD.It;that
3.DavidBeckhamhas___ittaketobecomeaprofessionalfootballplayer.
A.whoB.whatC.whichD.that
4.Nobodywouldstandoutadmittingthefact,forsomereason,theylostthegame.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.why
5.---Thepatientlooksmuchbetter.isitthathasmadehimheistoday?
---Perhapsthespecialmedicineandhisfamily’spatientcare.
A.What;thatB.That;thatC.What;whatD.What;which
6.Afterthreehours’climbing,theyreachedtheythoughtwastheplacethey’dbeendreamingof.
A.whatB.whichC.whereD.that
7.Aplanhasbeenputforward__moregraduatesshouldgotoworkinthecountry
A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how
8.Itisprettywellunderstood__________controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.
A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how
9.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____________roadconditionsneed____________.
A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimproved
C.where;improvingD.when;improving
10.______madetheschoolproudwas______morethat90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.
A.What…becauseB.What…thatC.That…whatD.That…because
11.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?
—Oh,that’s____________.
A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedabout
C.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited
12.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis________Idisagree.
A.whyB.whereC.whatD.How
13.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican’tunderstand________theyinsistongoingbymotor-bike.
A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how
參考答案和解析:
1.D“___rubbishcanandshouldbeputtogooduse.”是acommonbelief的同位語從句,從句中意思完整,結(jié)構(gòu)完整。
2.A“__hasbeenmentionedabove”是定語從句,而“____theprojectmustbecarriedoutbeforespringfloodcomes.”是動(dòng)詞continued的賓語從句,賓語從句中句意和結(jié)構(gòu)都完整,故選that,結(jié)合第一個(gè)空,得答案A.
3.B“_______ittakestobeaprofessionalfootballer”做has的賓語,賓語從句中缺少takes的賓語。句意“貝克擁有成為一名職業(yè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員所需要的品質(zhì)”
4.A“_______theylostthegame.”在句子中做thefact的同位語從句,從句意思結(jié)構(gòu)完整,結(jié)構(gòu)完整。
5.C先將句子結(jié)構(gòu)理清楚,itis___thathasmadehim___heistoday就可以判斷,第一個(gè)空是考察強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問形式;第二個(gè)空則是表語從句,表語從句中缺少heis的表語。句意:病人好多了,是什么使得他成為現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子。
6.A考生誤以為是地點(diǎn)狀語從句,誤選C.where。而reached是及物動(dòng)詞,后邊接的是賓語從句,賓語從句除去插入語theythought,應(yīng)該缺主語。
7.B考察同位語從句,表達(dá)Aplan的具體內(nèi)容,hasbeenputforward將名詞與從句隔開,加大了難度。
8.C主要測試主語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知:句子屬于形式主語格式;另外主句中缺少主語。雙重作用的引導(dǎo)詞只能是what。例如:Itisstilldoubtfulwhathesaidatthemeetingyesterday。昨天他在會(huì)上說的話仍然值得懷疑。
9.C主要測試同位語從句。由句子語境可知句意;有個(gè)新的問題卷入私家車行列:道路狀況需要改進(jìn)。結(jié)合同位語從句的定義可知:問題的具體內(nèi)容既是:到了狀況需要改進(jìn)。因此屬于該句型結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:Therewasanewproblemputforwardatthemeetingwherewecouldgettheloan。會(huì)議上提出一個(gè)新問題,我們到哪兒弄到貸款。
10.B主要測試主語從句和表語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知:句子______madetheschoolproud缺少主語,另外還要引導(dǎo)主語從句,故此只能選擇what,由此先排除C、D兩答案。再結(jié)合句子______morethat90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities結(jié)構(gòu)完整不缺少成分,只需要引導(dǎo)詞。句子意思:讓我們學(xué)校自豪的是百分之九十多的學(xué)生被重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取。
11.A主要測試表語從句。此試題測試的重點(diǎn)在于表語從句及起引導(dǎo)詞。句子意思:——你仍在考慮昨天的比賽嗎?———哦,那正是讓我感到興奮的地方??梢岳门懦ǎ築、C、D三個(gè)答案中結(jié)構(gòu)或句子意思不符合語境。
12.C主要測試表語從句。解題的關(guān)鍵在于分清句子中動(dòng)詞disagree的詞性:不及物動(dòng)詞。句子意思:你說每個(gè)人應(yīng)該平等,這正是我不同意的地方。
13.A主要測試賓語從句。充分把握題干挖掘所有可能存在的信息。意思:路上有積雪。我不理解他們?yōu)楹螆?jiān)持騎摩托車去。此題可以結(jié)合語境及答案兩方面,逐一排查尋找最佳答案。充分注意所給答案能夠充當(dāng)句子什么成分這也是解題的關(guān)鍵。
考生對(duì)于名詞性從句的復(fù)習(xí)和應(yīng)試關(guān)鍵要把握每個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞的意義,因?yàn)樵趯?duì)于名詞性從句的考查中,引導(dǎo)詞在句子中都起作用,有意義,因此在分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)比辨別名詞性從句、狀語從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句式后,最后還是要選擇引導(dǎo)詞;另外還要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1.what引導(dǎo)詞的考查,尤其位于介詞后引導(dǎo)的賓語從句以及引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的雙重作用。
2.Whether和if的區(qū)別,尤其注意他們的不同之處。
3.名詞性從句和其它從句的兼容結(jié)構(gòu)測試。
4.句子語序和時(shí)態(tài)。
具體說:
1.掌握名詞性從句的分類功能
名詞性從句根據(jù)其在主句的功能作用又可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
1)若從句在句中作主語為主語從句
Whathesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.(NMET93)
2.)若從句在句中作賓語為賓語從句
Irememberwhenthisusedtobeaquietvillage.(NMET93)
3.)若從句在句中作表語為表語從句
-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
-Isthatwhyyouhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)
4)若從句在句中作同位語為同位語從句
Wewilldiscussthequestionwhetherwewillgothereornot.
2.掌握連詞的含義及分類
絕大多數(shù)名詞性從句的連詞都有其實(shí)在意義,稱為有義連詞,如what表“……的內(nèi)容”,when表“……的時(shí)間”,where表“……的地點(diǎn)”,why表“……的原因”,how表“如何;怎樣”,who表“誰”,if、whether表“是否”;沒有實(shí)在意義的連詞叫無義連詞,無義連詞只有that一個(gè)。
3.掌握名詞性從句的語序
名詞性從句用陳述語序。
4.掌握名詞性從句和其它從句之間的關(guān)系
有些連詞除引導(dǎo)名詞性從句外還可引導(dǎo)其它從句,應(yīng)掌握它們之間的關(guān)系。
1)if,whether表"是否"時(shí)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句;if表“如果”時(shí)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句;whether表“無論是否;不管是否”時(shí)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
2)when表“……的時(shí)間”,where表“……的地方”時(shí)引導(dǎo)名詞從句;when表“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,where表“……的地方”,且修飾行為動(dòng)詞時(shí),引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句;when,where從句作定語修飾先行詞時(shí)引導(dǎo)定語從句。
1.wecannotfigureout____quitanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.
A.thatB.asC.whyD.when
2.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,___ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.How
3.Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.
A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that
4.Theplace__thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.
A.which;whereB.atwhich;which
C.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich
5.Theshopkeeperdidn’twanttosellfor__hethoughtwasnotenough.
AwhereB.howC.whatD.which
6.Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome___Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.
A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which
7.Seetheflagontopofthebuilding?Thatwas___wedidthismorning.
AwhenB.whichC.whereD.what
8.Thegovernmenthasannouncedthatamoderncitywillbesetupin____isstillawastelandnow.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
9.Manypeoplewrotearticleson___LiuXianghadfailedtocompeteintheevent.
A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that
10.Thecouplearespendingtheirholidayon__isdescribedasoneofthemostbeautifulislands.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
11.Thebookismeantto___needsit.
A.whoB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whom
12.Inhisspeech,PremierWenJiabaopointsoutthatcreativityis__ittakestokeepanationhighlycompetitive.
A.howB.whatC.whichD.that
13.TheexperienceoftheChinesenationatteststoatruth____anationlosesintimesofdisasterwillbemadeupforbyherprogress
A.thatwhatB.whatC.thatD.whatthat
14.___hasrecentlybeendonetoprovidemorebusesforthepeople,ashortageofpublicvehiclesremainsaseriousproblem.
A.ThatB.WhatC.InspiteofwhatD.Thoughwhat
15.____iscertainis___preventionismoreimportantthantreatment.
A.It;thatB.What;thatC.As;whatD.What;what
參考答案和解析:
1.Cfigureout后接賓語從句,根據(jù)從句要表達(dá)的意思“為什么很多昆蟲,鳥,和動(dòng)物在逐漸滅絕”
2.B“ourastronautsdesiretodo”是主語從句,從句中缺少do的賓語
3.A“theteamhadfailedtowinthegame”是詞on的賓語從句,從句中不缺主干,故排除B和C.再根據(jù)句意“為什么這個(gè)隊(duì)沒能贏”
4.C“hebridgeissupposedtobebuilt”是定語從句,修飾名詞place。“hecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest”組在句中做表語,表語從句引導(dǎo)詞中沒有inwhich,兩空結(jié)合
5.C.那位店主不愿意以他認(rèn)為不夠高的價(jià)格出售他的商品。本題考察賓語從句的用法。難度在于“hethought”的干擾。從句中缺少主語故選C.what
6.C.句意:我腦海中突然出現(xiàn)一個(gè)溫情的念頭,用我的零花錢給媽媽買些鮮花作為她的生日禮物。本題考察名詞性從句用法。Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.做Awarmthought的同位語從句。中間被suddenlycametome隔開,增加了試題難度。此外,部分考生由于對(duì)同位語從句和定語從句不分,故錯(cuò)選D為答案
7.D表語從句中缺did的賓語。
8.A“____isstillawastelandnow.”做介詞in的賓語從句,從句中缺主語句意為:政府已經(jīng)宣布一座現(xiàn)代化的城市將在這片現(xiàn)在仍是廢墟的地方建成。
9.A“___LiuXianghadfailedtocompeteintheevent.”做介詞on的賓語,賓語從句中不缺主干,故排除B和C。另外that不引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句(固定搭配除外),所以排除D。
10B“__isdescribedasoneofthemostbeautifulislands.”賓語從句,從句中缺少主語,
11.Bwhoever在賓語從句中做主語,部分學(xué)生,因?yàn)橹豢吹浇樵~to,誤認(rèn)為要添whomever做介詞的賓語。
12B“__ittakestokeepanationhighlycompetitive.”做表語從句,從句中缺少takes的賓語,構(gòu)成ittakessthtodosth結(jié)構(gòu)。
13A本題句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜,“____anationlosesintimesofdisasterwillbemadeupforbyherprogress”做atruth的同位語從句,同位語從句中____anationlosesintimesofdisaster為主語從句。本句共有兩個(gè)從句,故有兩個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。句意為“中華民族的經(jīng)驗(yàn)證明了一個(gè)真理,即,一個(gè)民族在災(zāi)難中失去的,必將從民族的進(jìn)步中得到補(bǔ)償。
14.C“___hasrecentlybeendonetoprovidemorebusesforthepeople”在句中做讓步狀語,而D.Thoughwhat錯(cuò)誤,因?yàn)?一個(gè)單一的從句不能用兩個(gè)連詞引導(dǎo).句意:盡管在為人們提供更多公交車這件事上,投入了很多,但是公交工具的缺乏,仍然是個(gè)問題.
15B“____iscertain”在句中做主語,主語從句缺少一個(gè)主語,需要用What;“___preventionismoreimportantthantreatment.”系表語從句,句意與結(jié)構(gòu)完整,只有that,可以這樣用。
高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)1冠詞、名詞和主謂一致
俗話說,居安思危,思則有備,有備無患。作為高中教師準(zhǔn)備好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠聽懂教師所講的內(nèi)容,幫助高中教師緩解教學(xué)的壓力,提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量。你知道如何去寫好一份優(yōu)秀的高中教案呢?下面是小編為大家整理的“高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)1冠詞、名詞和主謂一致”,供大家參考,希望能幫助到有需要的朋友。
冠詞、名詞和主謂一致
冠詞
1.不定冠詞a/an表示個(gè)別或泛指的用法;定冠詞the特指某一個(gè)人或事物的用法;
2.考查冠詞在固定搭配中的用法,包括零冠詞(即不用冠詞)表示泛指及其習(xí)慣搭配用法;
3.考查不定冠詞在具體化抽象名詞前的用法;
4.考查冠詞在比較級(jí)前的用法;
5.考查冠詞在其他特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的用法;
6.考查用不用冠詞意義大不相同的短語。
名詞和主謂一致
1.對(duì)名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)性的考查:
①最常見的形式是主謂一致的考查;分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語、數(shù)量詞作主語仍將是考查重點(diǎn)(aswellas;togetherwith;alongwith;notonly…butalso…;ratherthan;neither…nor…;either…or…;thenumberof與anumberof等要特別關(guān)注);
②有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可以表示特別的意義;
③有些名詞通常用作不可數(shù)名詞;
④有些名詞用作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),表示抽象概念,與不定冠詞連用或用作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)表示個(gè)體事物;
⑤有些名詞,既可以作可數(shù)名詞,也可以用作不可數(shù)名詞,但意思不一樣;
⑥某些集體名詞,如果把它們所表示的人或事物當(dāng)作整體來看待,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果把它們表示的人或事物當(dāng)作若干個(gè)體來看,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2.對(duì)名詞詞義及詞義辨析的考查;
3.對(duì)名詞與介詞固定搭配的考查;
4.對(duì)名詞句法功能的考查:重在考查名詞作定語的用法。
(一)冠詞
冠詞分為不定冠詞(a,an),定冠詞(the),和零冠詞。
I.不定冠詞的用法
1.指一類人或事,相當(dāng)于akindof
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
2.第一次提及某人某物,非特指
Aboyiswaitingforyou.有個(gè)男孩在等你。
3.表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every,one
Westudyeighthoursaday.
4.表示“相同”相當(dāng)于thesame
Wearenearlyofanage.
5.用于人名前,表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事
—Hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?
—Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisnt______Mr.Smithhere.
A.不填B.aC.theD.one
ThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.(活雷鋒)
6.用于固定詞組中
acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime
7.用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后
Thisroomisratherabigone.
8.用于so(as,too,how)+形容詞之后
Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.
9.用于抽象名詞具體化的名詞前
success(抽象名詞)→asuccess(具體化)成功的人或事
afailure失敗的人或事ashame帶來恥辱的人或事
apity可惜或遺憾的事amust必需必備的東西
agoodknowledgeof精通掌握某一方面的知識(shí)
10.與序數(shù)詞連用,表示“又一,再一”。
Inordertofindabetterjob,hedecidedtostudyasecondforeignlanguage.
為了找到一個(gè)更好的工作,他決定再學(xué)習(xí)另外一門外語。
II.定冠詞的用法
1.表示某一類人或物
InmanyplacesinChina,___bicycleisstill___popularmeansoftransportation.
A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD.the;the
2.用于世上獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前
theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean
3.表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事
Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?
4.用于演奏樂器
playtheviolin,playtheguitar
5.用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人
thereach,theliving,thewounded
6.表示“一家人”或“夫婦”(對(duì)比上文的不定冠詞用法5)
—Couldyoutellmethewayto____Johnsons,please?
—Sorry,wedon’thave____Johnsonhereinthevillage.
A.the;theB.the;aC./;theD.the;/
7.用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前
Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.
8.用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海,山川群島的名詞前
theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench
9.用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前
ThecompasswasinventedinChina.
10.在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前,指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代
inthe1990’s(二十世紀(jì)九十年代)
11.用于表示度量單位的名詞前
Ihiredthecarbythehour.
12.用于方位名詞,身體部位名詞
Hepattedmeontheshoulder.
13.與比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)連用
①比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)"表示"越來越……
Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.
②表示兩者間“較……的一個(gè)”比較級(jí)前加the。
whoistheolderofthetowboys?
③三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度時(shí),用“the+最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。
ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.
III.不用冠詞(又名零冠詞)的情況
1.專有名詞,物質(zhì)名詞,抽象名詞,人名地名等名詞前
BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air
2.名詞前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制
Iwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?
3.季節(jié),月份,星期,節(jié)假日,一日三餐前
March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring
4.表示職位,身份,頭銜的名詞前
LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.
5.表示球類,棋類等運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前
Helikesplayingfootball/chess.
6.與by連用表示交通方式的名詞前
Wewentrightroundtothewestcoastby______seainsteadofdrivingacross______continent.
A.the;theB.不填;theC.the;不填D.不填;不填
7.以and連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)
husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight
8.表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前
Horsesareusefulanimals.
(二)名詞和主謂一致
I.名詞的分類及相互轉(zhuǎn)換
專有名詞普通名詞
國名地名人名,
團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞
個(gè)體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞
特別注意名詞類別的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
個(gè)體名詞與抽象名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
例句意義名詞性質(zhì)
①Sheheldsomeflowersinherhand.
②Thetreesarenowinflower花兒個(gè)體名詞
開花抽象名詞
①Youthisbeautiful.
②Heisayouthoftwenty青春抽象名詞
年輕人個(gè)體名詞
①Theyhaveachievedremarkablesuccessintheirwork.
②—HowabouttheChristmaseveningparty?
—Ishouldsayitwasasuccess.成功抽象名詞
成功的事個(gè)體名詞
物質(zhì)名詞與個(gè)體名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
例句意義名詞性質(zhì)
①Ironisakindofmetal.
②Pleaselendmeyouriron.鐵物質(zhì)名詞
熨斗個(gè)體名詞
①Hebrokeapieceofglass.
②Hebrokeaglass.玻璃物質(zhì)名詞
玻璃杯個(gè)體名詞
①Iboughtachickenthismorning
②Pleasehelpyourselftosomechicken小雞個(gè)體名詞
雞肉物質(zhì)名詞
抽象名詞與個(gè)體名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換
具有動(dòng)作意義的抽象名詞加用與某些動(dòng)詞(如:have等)連用,表示某一次短暫的動(dòng)作①—I’dlike______informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.
—Well,youcouldhave____wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful
A.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a
②Theysentuswordofthelatesthappenings.消息(抽象名詞)
A.aB.anC./D.the
③Couldwehavewordbeforeyougotothemeeting?話(個(gè)體名詞)
A.aB.anC./D.the
類例:haveadream/arest/asmoke/aswim/atrip/awash/adiscussion/alook
takeawalk/abathmakeanadvance(進(jìn)步)/makeanearlystart(早點(diǎn)出發(fā))
/makeadecision/makeachange/giveacryofpain(發(fā)出痛苦的叫聲)/giveatry
表示知識(shí)和時(shí)間的抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為普通名詞時(shí)可以用來表示其中的一部分①M(fèi)anypeopleagreethat___knowledgeofEnglishisamustin____internationaltradetoday.
A.a,/B.the,anC.the,theD./,the
aknowledgeoftruth(知道實(shí)際情況)
giveafullerknowledgeofChina(提供關(guān)于中國更為翔實(shí)的知識(shí))
haveaknowledgeofshorthand(有速記的知識(shí))
②Iftherewerenoexamination,weshouldhave______atschool.
A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertime
C.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime
③ismoney.
A.ThetimeB.AtimeC.TimeD.Times
抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為普通名詞可用來表示“一次、一陣、一種”具體的行為、事件、現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果。這時(shí)名詞前往往有形容詞修飾①Oh,John._____yougaveme!
A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.Howpleasantsurprise
C.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise
②ShelookedupwhenIshouted.
A.inasurpriseB.inthesurpriseC.insurpriseD.insomesurprise
其它例子:Thegiftcameasacompletesurprisetome.Wehavehadsomeunpleasantsurprise
③Itis_____workofartthateveryonewantstohavealookatit.
A.sounusualB.suchunusualC.suchanunusualD.soanunusual
II.名詞的數(shù)
1.規(guī)則變化
①單數(shù)名詞詞尾直接加-s。如:boy—boys,pen—pens。
②以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的單詞一般加-es。
glass—glasses(box,watch,brush)
特例:stomach—stomachs
③以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的變“y”為“i”再加“-es”。如:
baby—babieslady—ladies
注意:penny的兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式含義有所不同:pence(便士的錢數(shù)),pennies(便士的枚數(shù))
④以“o”結(jié)尾的多數(shù)加-es。
tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes,hero—heroes。
下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)只加-s。
radios,zoos,photos,pianos,kilos,tobaccos
⑤以“f”或“fe”結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式變“f”或“fe”為“v”,之后再加-es。
wife—wivesself—selves
特例:handkerchief—handkerchiefs(roof/chief)
gulf—gulfs
belief—beliefs
注意:
①有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)有其特殊的意義:
papers報(bào)紙,文件考卷manners禮貌、習(xí)俗goods貨物works工廠、作品、著作
looks容貌,外表glasses眼鏡,杯子greens青菜times時(shí)代,次數(shù)、倍數(shù)
sands沙灘,沙地irons腳鐐,手銬,熨斗spirits酒精,情緒customs海關(guān)
letters文學(xué)forces軍隊(duì)riches財(cái)富wishes祝愿
airs氣派,架子,姿態(tài)arms軍火damages賠償金compasses圓規(guī)
waters水域woods樹林goods貨物manners禮貌
greens青菜ruins廢墟
giveone’sregardstosb.向某人問侯havewordswithsb.同某人吵架
②物質(zhì)名詞有形或數(shù)的相應(yīng)物體,有單、復(fù)數(shù)。
somecoffee一些咖啡acoffee一杯咖啡threecoffees三杯咖啡
somedrink一些飲料adrink一杯飲料threedrinks三杯飲料
hishair他的頭發(fā)afewgreyhairs幾根白發(fā)
③用定冠詞加上姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示其全家人,或是其夫婦二人。姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前不加冠詞,則表示若干個(gè)姓……的人
TheWangsareourgoodneighbors.王家是我們的好鄰居
TherearethreeSmithsinourgroup.我們小組有三個(gè)姓smith的。
2.不規(guī)則變化
①改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice
特例:child-children
②單復(fù)數(shù)相同
sheep,deer,means,works
③合成名詞
▲將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends
▲無主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches
▲將兩部分都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
womensingers,menservants
III.名詞的所有格
1.名詞的所有格的構(gòu)成方法
①名詞的所有格一般用于有生命的名詞,如果該名詞為單數(shù),在詞尾上加上“’s”,即構(gòu)成其所有格?!啊痵”含有“的”字之意。如:Tom’sbike。以“s”結(jié)尾的專有名詞,在詞尾可加“’s”“或“’”,構(gòu)成其所有格。如:Engles’s或(Engles’)works
②以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,在詞尾加“’”構(gòu)成其所有格,如:aworks’school建筑工程學(xué)校
③不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,在詞尾加“’s”構(gòu)成其所有格,如:Women’sDay
④復(fù)合名詞在末一個(gè)詞的詞尾上加“’s”構(gòu)成其所有格,如:theeditor-in-chief’soffice總編輯室
2.名詞的所有格特殊用法
一般情況下名詞的所有格在句中表示所有關(guān)系,作定語用。
但要特別注意下列情況:
①如果一個(gè)事物為兩個(gè)人所有,在后一個(gè)名詞的詞尾加“’s”如果不是共有,在兩個(gè)名詞的詞尾都要加“’s”。
如:TomandMike’sroom湯姆和麥克的房間(共有);
Tom’sandMike’sbooks湯姆的書和麥克的書(不共有)。
②表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí),常在名詞所有格之后省去shop;house或home等詞。
如:thetailor’s成衣店;thebarber’s理發(fā)店;atmyaunt’s在我姑姑家。
③表示無生命的名詞,一般用of短語來表示所有關(guān)系,該短語位于其修飾的名詞之后。
如:theteachersofourschool.
但表示時(shí)間﹑距離﹑國家﹑城市的無生命名詞,可以在詞尾加“’s”或“’”表示所有格。
如:today’spapers,tenminutes’walk。
擬人代名詞的所有格用“’s”。
如:Nature’sworks(大自然的杰作),Heaven’swill(天意),F(xiàn)ortune’sfavorite(幸運(yùn)的寵兒)
④表示有生命的名詞也可以用of短語表示所有關(guān)系,而且當(dāng)該名詞帶有較長的定語時(shí),就只能用of短語
來表示所有關(guān)系。
如:theteacheroftheboyswhoareplayingfootballontheplayground.
⑤of短語+所有格的用法:在表示所屬物的名詞前如有不定冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞時(shí),常用of
短語+所有格這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示所屬關(guān)系,如:anoldfriendofmyuncle’s
注:在無上下文的單句中,用雙重所有格(of短語加所有格)或用of短語表示所有關(guān)系都可以,只
是側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同
如:Heisanoldfriendofmyuncle著重說明的是“我叔叔的”老朋友,不是別人的。
Heisanoldfriendofmyuncle’s著重說明的是我叔叔有好幾位老朋友,他只是其中的一位。
要注意的是雙重所有格應(yīng)是獨(dú)立的,即其后不再接名詞,如果接名詞則顯得十分不自然
如:Oneofmyfriends’housewasburneddownlastnight.(顯得不自然)
Thehouseofoneofmyfriendswasburneddownlastnight.(顯得自然通順)
⑥其他情況:
在某些固定詞組或習(xí)慣用法中的所有格不可隨意推斷其意思
atarm’slength保持一定距離athisfinger’sends對(duì)某事熟知
withinastone’sthrow離得很近outofharm’sway安全的地方
IV.名詞做定語
1.表示用什么原料
stonefigures(石像),castoroil(蓖麻油),silkbooks(絲綢書),papermoney(紙幣),metalpots(金屬鍋),plasticsheets(塑料布),diamondnecklace(鉆石項(xiàng)鏈),goldmedals(金牌)
2.表示存在或發(fā)生的地方
countrymusic(鄉(xiāng)村音樂),forestland(森林土層),postoffice(郵政局),schooleducation(學(xué)校教育),palaceball(宮庭舞會(huì)),spacesatellites(太空衛(wèi)星),tabkecloth(桌布),streetlights(街燈),naturepark(天然公園),governmentoffice(政府機(jī)關(guān))
3.表示部分與整體的關(guān)系
riverbanks(河岸),cabbageseed(卷心菜種子),animalbones(動(dòng)物骨頭),cigaretteends(煙頭),oceanfloor(洋
底),schoolgate(校門口),overcoatpockets(大衣口袋),tablelegs(桌腳),treebranches(樹枝)
如果談到某特定的東西時(shí),我們要用of結(jié)構(gòu)來表示:
thewindowsoftheclassroom
4.表示用途性質(zhì)
coffeecups(咖啡杯),bookstores(書店),sportsshoes(運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋),foodfactory(食品工廠),women
policeofficers(女警官),designoffice(設(shè)計(jì)工作室),fruittrees(水果樹),trafficlights(交通燈),
bellrope(鈴繩)
5.說明后一名詞的內(nèi)容
forestprogrammes(森林規(guī)劃),weightproblems(體重問題),sciencelab(科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室),
computerstudies(電腦學(xué)習(xí)),weatherreport(天氣報(bào)),filmindustry(電影工業(yè)),
wildlifeproject(野生動(dòng)物工程),ChinaDaily(中國日?qǐng)?bào)),bodylanguage(體語言)
6.表示泛指的時(shí)間名詞
summerholidays(暑假),winterweather(冬天的天氣),timezone(時(shí)區(qū)),eveningdress(晚禮服),
morningpaper(晨報(bào)),Sundayedition(星期日版),roosteryearstamp(雞年郵票),nightschool(夜校)
但表具體的時(shí)間名詞作定語,則要用所有格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。
如:yesterday’snews(昨天的消息),anhour’sdrive(開車一小時(shí)的路程)
注:名詞作定語時(shí),一般用單數(shù)形式,但在個(gè)別情況下,也有需用復(fù)數(shù)的。
如:sportsmeet(運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)),theUnitedStatesgovernment(美國政府),studentsreading-room(學(xué)生閱覽室),goodstrain(貨車),twomendoctors(兩個(gè)男醫(yī)生)
注意:a-seven-year-oldchild中的year不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式
V.主謂一致
1.語法一致原則
①以單數(shù)名詞或代詞動(dòng)詞不定式短語,動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式;主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.
TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.
Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.
Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.
由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式,但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
whatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.
WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfulforyou.
②由連接詞and或both…and連接起來的主語后面,要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。但若所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí),它后面的謂語就用單數(shù)形式。由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no,each,every或morethana(an)/one,manya(an)修飾時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。either,neither,each,every或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some,anyno,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞,都作單數(shù)看待。
Thewriterandartisthascome.
Everystudentandeveryteachisintheclassroom.
Manyaboyandmanyagirllikesit.
Noboyandnogirllikesit.
Eachofushasanewbook.Iseveryoneheretoday?
Somebodyisspeakinginclass.Everythingaroundusismatter
若noneof后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,它的謂語動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)。若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù),它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。
Noneofthesugarwasleft.
Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.
③在定語從句里,關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。
Thosewhowanttogopleasewritetheirnamesontheblackboard.
Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.
Heisthe(only)oneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.
④在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分一致。
ItisIwhoamgoingtothecinematonight.
Itiswewhoaregoingtothecinematonight.
⑤如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體,它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果它指的集體的成員,其謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.
Thecattleareeatinggrassinthefield.
Hisfamilyhasmovedtothesouth.(他的一家)
HisfamilyarewatchingTV.(他的家人)
Classfourisonthethirdfloor.(四班)
ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.(四班的學(xué)生)
⑥由alotof/lotsof/plentyof/aheapof/heapsof/therestof/themajorityof+名詞構(gòu)成的短語以及由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。
Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.
Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.
50percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.
此外,還有anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞有類似的用法(用復(fù)數(shù)),但thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞的數(shù)就得依number而定(用單數(shù))。
Anumberofstudentshavegonetothefarmtohelpthefarmerpickapples.
Thenumberofpagesinthisbookisthreehundred.
⑦在倒裝句中,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致
Therecomesthebus.
Onthewallaremanypictures.
Suchistheresult.
Sucharethefacts.
Betweenthetwohillsstandsamonument.
2.邏輯意義一致原則
①What,who,which,any,more,all等代詞可以是單數(shù),也可是復(fù)數(shù),主要靠意思來決定。
Whichisyourbag?Whichareyourbags?
AreanyofyougoodatEnglish?Hasanyofyougotapen?
Allcanbedonehasbeendone.Allisgoingwell.
Allhavebeentakenout.AllhavegonetoBeijing.
②表示時(shí)間重量長度價(jià)值等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式,這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體。
Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework..
Twentypoundsistoodear.
如強(qiáng)調(diào)這類詞的復(fù)數(shù)意義,則謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式
Fortykilosofwaterareusedeveryday.
③若英語是書名名格言劇名報(bào)名國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式,其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。
TheUnitedStatesissmallerthanChina.
“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.
④表數(shù)量的短語“oneandahalf”后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.
⑤一些學(xué)科名詞是以-ics結(jié)尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等。都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞,
它們作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.這家造紙廠建于1990年。
Idon’tthinkphysicsiseasytostudy.
⑥trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,scissors(剪刀)等詞作主語時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù),但如果這些名詞前有a(the)pairof等量詞修飾時(shí)(clothes被asuitof修飾)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Myglassesarebroken.
Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.
⑦“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”,表示某一類人動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);若表示某一類東西時(shí),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Theoldaretakengoodcareofthere.
Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoall.
3.就近(遠(yuǎn))一致原則
①當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso,whetheror連接時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語保持一致,即就近一致。
Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.
Neitherhenortheyarewhollyright.
Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.
Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?
②therebe句型中be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語,則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語保持一致,即就近一致。
Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.
Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.
③主語后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,besides,alongwith,including,inadditionto等引起的短語,謂語動(dòng)詞要跟主語一致,即就遠(yuǎn)一致。
Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.
Awomanwithababywasonthebus.
NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.
She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.
ThegirlsaswellastheboyhavelearnedtospeakJapanese.
Nooneexceptmyteachersknowsanythingaboutit.
1.Beingabletospeakanotherlanguagewellisagreat_____whenyourelookingforajob..
A.advantageB.chanceC.assistantD.importance
2.Therearecertain_______whenyouhavetointerruptpeoplewhoareinthemiddleofdoingsomething.
A.chancesB.situationsC.occasionsD.opportunities
3.HiscompositionwassoconfusingthatIcouldhardlymakeany________ofitwhat’sover.
A.meaningB.messageC.informationD.sense
4.Ithink________goodknowledgeofEnglishis________greathelpwhenyouaretravelingaroundtheworld.
A.不填;aB.a;aC.a;theD.a;不填
5.______sunshineandrainfall______agoodharvestoffruitsandbegetablesthisyear.
A.Alargequantityof;promiseB.Alargenumberof;promise
C.Alargequantityof;promisesD.Largequantitiesof;promises
6.YaoMingaswellashisteammates______hardtowinhonorforChinatheseyears.
A.workB.areworkingC.hasbeenworkingD.works
7.InsomeplacesintheSouthofChina,____carhasalreadybecome___popularmeansoftransportation.
A.a;theB.不填;aC.the;aD.the;the
8.Thebigsnowlastedfivedays.Peopletrappedinthestationwerebadlyin_______offoodandwater.
A.hopeB.searchC.wantD.charge
9.Iftherewerenohungryproblem,thepeopleoftheworldshouldhave________intheirdailylife.
A.amuchhappiertimeB.amorehappiertimeC.thehappiertimeD.muchhappiesttime
10.Wewerein_____whenweleftthatweforgottheairlinetickets.
A.arushsoanxiousB.asuchanxiousrushC.soananxiousrushD.suchananxiousrush
11.Thenumberofthestamps_____limited,soanumberofpeople_____tohavealookatthem.
A.are;wantB.is;wantsC.is;wantD.are;wants
12.Thepartywas____success.Wesanganddanceduntilitcameto____endatmidnight.
A.a;anB.a;theC.the;anD./;an
13.It’sbad____foramantosmokeinthepublicplaceswheresmokingisnotallowed.
A.behaviorB.actionC.mannerD.movement
14.Whattheremoteareasneed____educationtochildrenandwhatthechildrenneed____goodtextbooksatthemoment.
A.is;areB.are;isC.was;wereD.were;was
15.—HowdoyouliketheprojectputforwardbytheSmiths?
—Consideringitsreal______,itwillbewellworthputtingintopractice,Ithink.
A.priceB.valueC.costD.expense
1-5ACDBC6-10CCCAD11-15CAAAB
高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語考案:名詞和冠詞
俗話說,凡事預(yù)則立,不預(yù)則廢。教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案,這是教師需要精心準(zhǔn)備的。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠在教學(xué)期間跟著互動(dòng)起來,幫助教師在教學(xué)期間更好的掌握節(jié)奏。教案的內(nèi)容要寫些什么更好呢?小編特地為大家精心收集和整理了“高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語考案:名詞和冠詞”,希望對(duì)您的工作和生活有所幫助。
2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語考案:名詞和冠詞1.Thelittleboyoftenhas____bigbreakfast,sohelooksreallystrong.
A.theB./C.a(chǎn)Dan
2.Octoberlstis___NationalDayof____People’sRepublicofchina.
A.a(chǎn);theB./;/C./;theDthe;/
3.Thingsof_____kindcometogether;peopleof____kindfallinto__samegroup
A.the;the;theB.a(chǎn);a;theC.the;the;aDa;a;a
4.Mr.BIackwentto____cinemalastSunday,whilehiswifewentto______church.
A.the;theB./;/C./;theDthe;/
5.Heis____friendof____writer’s.
A./:theB.a(chǎn);theC.a(chǎn);aDa;/
6.—WhatisthepopulationofChina?
—Chinahas____populationofl.3billion.
A.the;theB.a(chǎn);aC.a(chǎn);theDthe;a
7.一Whatin____worlddoyoulikemostin_____world?
一Ihope_____worldis_____peacefulandfairworld.
A.the;the;the;theB./;the;the;/
C./;the;the;aD.the;the;the;a
7.Asweallknow.____lifeishardforanyofus.Ifwelive___happylife,wemustallworkharder.
A./:/B./;aC.a(chǎn);/D.a(chǎn);a
9.______recentreportstatedthatthenumberofSpanishspeakersintheU.S.wouldbehigherthanthenumberofEnglishspeakerby_____year2090.
A,theB.A,/C.The,/D.The,a
10.Ifyougoby______train,youcanhavequiteacomfortablejourney,butmakesureyouget_____fastone.
A./,/B./,aC.the,aD./,/
11.Itisoftensaidthat____teachershave_______veryeasylife.
A/,/B./,aC.the,/D.the,a
12.Ican’trememberwhenexactlytheRobinsonsleft_____city,Ionlyrememberitwas______Monday.。
A.the,theB.a,theC.a,aD.the,a
13.Ifyougrowupin______largefamily,you aremorelikelytodevelop_____abilitytogetonwellwith______others.
A./,antheB.a,the,/C.the,an,theD.a,the,the
14.Mrs,Taylorhas___8-year-olddaughterwhohas_____giftforpainting–shehaswontwonationalprizes.
A.a,aB.an,theC.an,aD.the,a
15.AfterdinnerhegaveMr.Richardson________rideto________CapitalAirport.
A.the,aB.a.theC./,aD./,the
16.OnMay5,2005,at___WorldTableTennisChampionship,KongLinghuiandWangHaowonthegoldmedalinmen’swith____scoreof4:1.
A.a,aB./theC.a,/D.the,a
17.Iknew______JohnLennon,butnot____famousone.
A./,aB.a,theC./,theD.the,a
18.Thebooktells____lifestoryofJohnSmith,wholeft_______schoolandworkedforanewspaperattheageof16.
A.the,theB.a,theC.the./D.a,/
19.Whenyoucomehereforyourholidaynexttime,don’tgoto_____hotel;Icanfindyou______bedinmyflat.
the,aB.the,/C.a,theD.a,/
20.Ifyoubuymorethanten,theywillknock20penceoff________.
A.apriceB.priceC.thepriceD.prices
21.____on-goingdivisionbetweenEnglish–speakingCanadiansandFrench-speakingCanadiansis_______majorconcernofthecountry.
A.The,/B.The,aC.An,theD.An,/
22.Whenheleft_____college,hegotajobas______reporterinanewspaperoffice.
A./,aB/,theC.a,theD.the,,the
23.Themostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryis___partthatitplayedin____IndustrialRevolution.
A./,/B.the,/C.the,theD.a,the
24.WhilehewasinvestigatingwaystoimprovethetelescopeNewtonmade_______discoverywhichcompletelychanged____man’sunderstandingofcolor.
A.a,/B.a,theC./,theD.the,a
25.Itis___worldofwonders,_____worldwhereanythingcanhappen.
A.a.theB.a,aC.the,aD./,/
26.TheWilsonslivein______A-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis_______17thcenturycottage.
A.the,/B.an,theC./,theD.an,a
27.Tomowns______largercollectionof______booksthananyotherstudentinourclass.
A.the,/B.a,/C.a,theD./,the
28.Foralongtimetheywalkedwithoutsaying___word.Jimwasthefirsttbreak_____silence.
A.the,aB.a,theC.a,/D.the,/
29.Therewas____time_____Ihatedtgotoschool.
A.a,thatB.a,whenC.the,thatD.the,when
30.Whenyoufinishreadingthebook,youwillhave______betterunderstandingof______life.,
A.a,theB.the.aC./,theD.a,/
31.Iearn10dollars____hoursas____supermarketcashieronSaturday.
A.a,anB.the,aC.an,aD.an,the
32Thesignreads“ineaseof___fire,breaktheglassandpush_____redbutton”
A./,aB./,theC.the,theD.a,a
33.Idon’tliketalkingon______telephone;Ipreferwriting____letter.
A.a,theB.the./C.the,theD.A,/
34.Jumpingoutof____airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite_____excitingexperience.
A./,theB./,anC.an.anD.the,the
35.Onewaytounderstandthousandsofnewwordsingain_____goodknowledgeofbasicwordformation.
A./B.theC.aD.one
36.Thecakesaredelicious.He’dlikehave______thirdonebecause_____secondoneisrathertoosmall.
A.a,aB.the.theC.a,theD.the,a
37.Abullethitthesoliderandhewaswoundedin____leg.
A.aB.oneC.theD.his
38.Thewarmthof_____sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof___woolused.
A.the,theB.the,/C./,theD./,/
39.Thefinancialcrisishasputtheworldeconomyinadifficult_________.
A.occasionB.conditionC.evaluationD.situation
40.—Paulhasgoneabroadtotryhisluck.
—Inmy_______,hisdecisionisnotwise.
A.wordB.viewC.sightD.way
41.—JackBrownisverycleverandhestudieshardaswell.
—No________hecomesoutfirstintheexams.
A.answerB.questionC.wonderD.problem
42.Asiswellknown,thebrainperformsaveryimportant_______,whichcontrolsthenervesystemofthebody.
A.motionB.actionC.functionD.fact
43.Hemanagedtoreachthesummitofhiscareer,butitwasatthe_________ofhishealth.
A.consumptionB.creditC.exhaustionD.expense
44.—Shegotherfirstsciencefictionpublished.Itturnedouttobe_________.
—whenwasthat?
—ItWasin2008__________shewasstillincollege.
A.success;thatB.asuccess;whenC.success;whenD.asuccess;that
45.USPresidentBarackObamaisexpectingtheeconomytoshowsome_________ofrecovery.
A.attemptsB.signsC.contentsD.waves
46.The_______isjustaroundthecornerandyouwon’tmissit.
A.shoe’sshopB.shoeshopC.shoesshopD.shoes’shop
47.Whattheexperthassaidanddonewillbe_______tothedepartmentmanagers.
A.valueB.benefitC.ofvaluableD.ofbenefit
48.GivingsmallchildrensomemoneyasagiftduringtheSpringFestivalisacommon______inChina,whichmayseemstrangetoforeigners?
A.senseB.practiceC.groundD.habit
49.__recentreportstatedthatthenumberofSpanishspeakersintheUSwouldbehigherthanthenumberofEnglishspeakersby__year2090.
A.A,theB.A,/C.The,/D.The,a
50.Ifyougoby__train,youcanhaveacomfortablejourney,butmakesureyouget__fastone.
A.the,theB./,aC.the,aD./,/
51.Itisoftensaidthat__teachershave__veryeasylife.
A./,/B./,aC.the,/D.the,a
52.Ican’trememberwhenexactlytheRobinsonleft__city.Ionlyrememberitwas__Monday.
A.the,theB.a,theC.a,aD.the,a
53.Ifyougrowupin__largefamily,youaremorelikelytodevelop__abilitytogetonwellwith__others.
A./,an,theB.a,the,/C.the,an,theD.a,the,the
54.Mrs.Taylorhas__8–year–olddaughterwhohas__giftforpainting---shehaswontwonationalprizes.
A.a,aB.an,theC,an,aD.the,a
55.AfterdinnerhegaveMr.Richardson__rideto__CapitalAirport.
A.the,aB.a,theC./,aD./,the
56.OnMay5,2005,at__WorldTableTennisChampionship,KongLinghuiandWangHaowonthegoldmedalinmen’sdoubleswith__scoreof4:1.
A.a,aB./,theC.a,/D.the,a
57.Iknew__JohnLennon,butnot__famousone.
A./,aB.a,theC./,theD.the,a
58.Thisbooktells__lifestoryofJohnSmith,wholeft__schoolandworkedforanewspaperattheageof16.
A.the,theB.a,theC.the,/D.a,/
59.Whenyoufinishreadingthebook,youwillhave__betterunderstandingof__life.
A.a,theB.the,aC./,theD.a,/
60.Therewas__time__Ihatedtogotoschool.
A.a,thatB.a,whenC.the,thatD.the,when
61.Foralongtimetheywalkedwithoutsaying__word.Jimwasthefirsttobreak__silence.
A.the,aB,a,theC.a,/D.the,/
62.Tomowns__largercollectionof__booksthananyotherstudentinourclass.
A.the,/B.a,/C.a,theD./,the
63.TheWilsonslivein__A–shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis__17thcenturycottage.
A.the,/B.an,theC./,theD.an,a
64.Itis__worldofwonders,__worldwhereanythingcanhappen.
A.a,theB.a,aC.the,aD./,/
65.Whilehewasinvestigatingwaystoimprovethetelescope,Newtonmade__discoverywhichcompletelychanged__man’sunderstandingofcolor.
A.a,/B.a,theC./,theD.the,a
66.Themostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryis__partthatitplayedin__IndustrialRevolution.
A./,/B.the,/C.the,theD.a,the
67.Whenheleft__college,hegotajobas__reporterinanewspaperoffice.
A./,aB./,theC.a,theD.the,the
68.__on-goingdivisionbetweenEnglish-speakingCanadiansandFrench-speakingCanadiansis__majorconcernofthecountry.
A.The,/B.The,aC.An,theD.An,/
69.Ifyoubuymorethanten,theywillknock20penceoff__.
A.apriceB.priceC.thepriceD.prices
70.Whenyoucomehereforyourholidaynexttime,don’tgoto__hotel;Icanfindyou__bedinmyflat.
A.the,aB.the,/C.a,theD.a,/
71.Iearn10dollars__houras__supermarketcashieronSaturday.
A.a,anB.the,aC.an,aD.an,the
72.Thesignreads“Incaseof__fire,breaktheglassandpush__redbutton.”
A./,aB./,theC.the,theD.an,the
73.---Whereismyblueshirt?
---It’sinthewashingmachine.Youhavetowear__differentone.
A.anyB.theC.aD.other
74.There’s__dictionaryon__deskbyyourside.
A.a,theB.a,aC.the,aD.the,the
75.Thecakesaredelicious.He’dliketohave__thirdonebecause__secondoneisrathertoosmall.
A.a,aB.the,theC.a,theD.the,a
76.Onewaytounderstandthousandsofnewwordsistogain__goodknowledgeofbasicwordofformation.
A./B.theC.aD.one
77.Jumpingoutof__airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite__excitingexperience.
A./,theB./,anC.an,anD.the,the
78.Idon’tliketalkingon__telephone;Ipreferwriting__letter.
A.a,theB.the,/C.the,theD.a,/
79.Abullethitthesoldierandhewaswoundedin__leg.
A.aB.oneC.theD.his
80.Thewarmthof__sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof__woolused.
A.the,theB.the,/C./,theD./,/
81.Mr.Smith,there’samanat__frontdoorwhosayshehas__newsforyouofgreatimportance.
A.the,/B.the,theC./,/D./,the
82.Thereareonlytwelve_____inthehospital.
A.womandoctorsB.womendoctors
C.womendoctorD.womandoctor
83.MrSmithhastwo______,bothofwhomareteachersinaschool.
A.brothers-in-lawB.brother-in-laws
C.brothers-in-lawsD.brothers-inlaw
84.——Howmany______doesacowhave?
——Four.
A.stomachesB.stomachC.stomachsD.stomachies
85.SomevisitedourschoollastWednesday.
A.GermanB.GermenC.GermansD.Germens
86.The______ofthebuildingarecoveredwithlotsof.
A.roofs;leavesB.rooves;leafsC.roof;leafD.roofs;leafs
87.Whenthefarmerreturnedhomehefoundthree_______missing.
A.sheepsB.sheepesC.sheepD.sheepies
88.Thatwasafifty_____engine.
A.horsepowerB.horsespower
C.horsepowersD.horsespowers
89.Myfatheroftengivesme.
A.manyadviceB.muchadviceC.a(chǎn)lotofadvicesD.a(chǎn)fewadvice
90.Marybrokea______whileshewaswashingup.
A.teacupB.a(chǎn)cupofteaC.tea’scupD.cuptea
91.Canyougiveussome_______aboutthewriter?
A.informationsB.information
C.pieceofinformationsD.piecesinformation
92.Ihadacupof______andtwopiecesof______thismorning.
A.teas;breadB.teas;breads
C.tea;breadsD.tea;bread
93.Asisknowntousall,_______travelsmuchfasterthan.
A.lights;soundsB.light;sound
C.sound;lightD.sounds;lights
94.Shetoldhimofallher_____and_____.
A.hope;fearB.hopes;fear
C.hopes;fearsD.hope;fears
95.Therising______didalotof______tothecrops.
A.water;harmB.water;harms
C.waters;harmD.waters;harms
96.——Howfarawayisitfromheretoyourschool?
——It’sabout________..
A.halfanhour’sdriveB.halfhoursdrives
C.halfanhourdrivesD.halfanhourdrive
97.Theshirtisn’tmine.It’s______.
A.MrsSmithB.Mrs’Smith
C.MrsSmiths’D.MrsSmith’s
98.MissJohnsonisafriendof_______..
A.Mary’smotherB.Mary’smothers’
C.Marymother’sD.Mary’smother’s
99.LastweekIcalledatmy_________..
A.a(chǎn)untB.a(chǎn)untsC.a(chǎn)unt’sD.a(chǎn)untes’
100.Thebeachisa______throw.
A.stoneB.stonesC.stones’D.stone’s
101.Icanhardlyimagine______sailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.
A.Peter’B.PeterC.PetersD.Peters’
參考答案
1-5CCBDB6-10DDBAB11-15BDBCB16-20DBCAC21-25BACAB
26-30DBBBD31-35DBBCC36-40CCBDB41-45CCDDB46-50BDBAB51-55BDBCB
56-60DBCDB61-65BBDBA66-70CABCA71-75CBCAC76-80CCBCB81-85ABACC.86-90ACABA91-95BDBCC96-100ADDCD101B