小學(xué)英語復(fù)習(xí)課教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2021-01-05高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)9特殊句式。
特殊句式(強(qiáng)調(diào)、替代、省略和倒裝)
強(qiáng)調(diào)句
1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于強(qiáng)調(diào)陳述句;
2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于強(qiáng)調(diào)一般疑問句;
3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于強(qiáng)調(diào)特殊疑問句;
4.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于強(qiáng)調(diào)not…until…句型;
5.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與狀語從句、定語從句、祈使句的混合考查。
替代
1.do/does/did替代動(dòng)詞;
2.so和not分別代替肯定和否定的從句.
省略
1.主語的省略;
2.謂語或謂語的一部分的省略;
3.賓語的省略;
4.不定式的省略;
5.賓語從句和狀語從句中的省略;
6.虛擬條件句中if的省略。
倒裝句
1.部分倒裝;
2.完全倒裝
3.??嫉膸讉€(gè)重要句型:
So+be/情態(tài)/助動(dòng)詞+主語
Neither+be/情態(tài)/助動(dòng)詞+主語
So+adj/adv…+that…
Neither…,nor…
Notonly…,butalso…
Notuntil…
為了表達(dá)說話人強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩或達(dá)到語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要,常采用強(qiáng)調(diào)。應(yīng)用中,強(qiáng)調(diào)常通過強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、語法性倒裝、修辭性倒裝等來體現(xiàn)。作為修辭手段,省略和替代能使語句簡練、緊湊,但往往給學(xué)生的理解和選擇造成一定的障礙。在近幾年的高考題中省略和替代現(xiàn)象時(shí)有出現(xiàn),而且出錯(cuò)率較高,原因是因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)考生對(duì)省略和替代的規(guī)律不明了。請(qǐng)注意下面的說明。
I.強(qiáng)調(diào)句
1.Itis(was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)…
為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分(通常是主語、賓語、或狀語),常用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu):
Itis(was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)…
表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的it在這種結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中作主句的主語。
原始句:LastnightIsawafilmintheYouthPalace.
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語:ItwasIthat(or:who)sawafilmintheYouthPalacelastnight.
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語:ItwasafimlthatIsawintheYouthPalacelastnight.
強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語:ItwasintheYouthPalacethatIsawafilmlastnight.
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語:ItwaslastnightthatIsawafilmintheYouthPalace.
一般講,原句的謂語動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在或?qū)砀鞣N時(shí)態(tài),用Itis…that(who)…;如果原句謂語動(dòng)詞是過去各種時(shí)態(tài),則用Itwas…that(who)…。
另外,還有下面幾點(diǎn)需要特別注意:
①在強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí),that后的謂語動(dòng)詞要與被強(qiáng)調(diào)者保持人稱和數(shù)的一致
ItisIwhoamateacher.
②即使被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語是復(fù)數(shù),主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)
Itistheywhooftenhelpmewithmylessons.
③在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、或方式狀語時(shí),不要用when,where,why或how,而用that
Itwasbecausehermotherwasillthatshedidntgowithus.
④在強(qiáng)調(diào)not…until結(jié)構(gòu)中由until短語(或從句)表示的時(shí)間狀語時(shí),要用固定的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
Itis(was)notuntil...that...。that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式。
Myfatherdidntcomehomeuntil12oclocklastnight.
Itwasnotuntil12oclocklastnightthatmyfathercamehome.
⑤在強(qiáng)調(diào)一般疑問句中的某一成分時(shí),主句要用一般疑問句的語序:即把is/was提到it前面。
DidthishappeninBeijing?
WasitinBeijingthatthishappened?
⑥特殊疑問句中只有疑問詞可以強(qiáng)調(diào),其強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是“被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞)+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分?"
Wherewereyouborn?
Wherewasitthatyouwereborn?
⑦not…until…句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句
句型為:Itis/wasnotuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其它部分
原始句:Hedidn’tgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句:Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.
注意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,till,until可通用;因?yàn)榫湫椭蠭tis/wasnot…已經(jīng)是否定句了,that后面的從句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。
2.謂語動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)
Itis/was…that…結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語,如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語時(shí),用助動(dòng)詞do/does或did。
Dositdown.務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。
Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.上周他確實(shí)給你寫了信。
Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.過馬路時(shí),務(wù)必(千萬)要小心??!
注意:此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用do/does和did,沒有別的形式;過去時(shí)用did,后面的謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。
II替代
1.do/does/did替代動(dòng)詞
Ifthatsthecasethen100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000peoplewouldweighasmuchasthewholeEarth
does.(=weighs)
Difficultiesstrengthenthemind,aslabourdoes(=strengthen)thebody.勞動(dòng)鍛煉身體,困難鍛煉意志。
Afeatherfallsslowerthanastoneonlybecausetheairholdsthefeatherbackmorethanitdoesthestone.(替代)
2.so和not分別代替肯定和否定的從句(常用動(dòng)詞:think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect,guess,beafraid,fear,hope.etc.)
—Ishecoming?
—Isupposeso./SoIsuppose.
否定:Isupposenot.
III.省略句
省略在英語運(yùn)用中,尤其是在交際對(duì)話中普遍存在,因?yàn)樗梢员苊庵貜?fù),突出關(guān)鍵詞語,能做到言簡意賅,并使上下文緊密連接。在歷年的高考題中也屢見不鮮。省略有詞法上的省略,也有句法上的省略。
(一)詞法上的省略
1.名詞所有格后修飾的名詞在以下情況可以省略
①如果名詞所有格修飾的名詞在前文已出現(xiàn),則可以省略。
TheseareJohnsbooksandthoseareMarys(books).這些是約翰的書,那些是瑪麗的書。
②名詞所有格后修飾的名詞如果是指商店、住宅等地點(diǎn)時(shí),這些名詞也常常省略。
atthedoctors在診所atMr.Greens在格林先生家
tomyuncles到我叔叔家atthebarbers在理發(fā)店
2.冠詞的省略
①為了避免重復(fù)
Thelightningflashedandthundercrashed.電閃雷鳴。(thunder前省略了定冠詞the)
②在副詞的最高級(jí)前面的定冠詞??梢允÷浴?br>
Shesingsbestintheclass.她在班上唱歌唱得最好。
③在某些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中。
Ourteachercamein,bookinhand.(=Ourteachercamein,withabookinhishand.)
我們的老師手里拿著一本書進(jìn)來了。
④在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,當(dāng)作表語的單數(shù)名詞提前時(shí),不定冠詞要省略。
Childasheis,heknowsalot.雖然他還是一個(gè)孩子,卻懂得很多。
3.介詞的省略
①both后常跟of短語,其后可以接名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,也可以接代詞賓格復(fù)數(shù)形式。接復(fù)數(shù)名詞
時(shí),介詞of可以省略,但接代詞賓格時(shí),of不能省略。
Both(of)thefilmswereinteresting.這兩部電影都很有趣。
Sheinvitedbothofustoherbirthdayparty.她邀請(qǐng)我們倆去參加她的生日派對(duì)。
②在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表持續(xù)和重復(fù)的句型中,一段時(shí)間前的介詞for可以省略。
Theseshoesarewornout.Theyhavelasted(for)alongtime.
這雙鞋穿破了,已經(jīng)穿了很長一段時(shí)間了。
③和一些動(dòng)詞搭配構(gòu)成的短語中的介詞,consider...(as)...,prevent/stop...(from)doing...,
havetrouble/difficulty...(in)doing...,spend...(in/on)doing...等中的介詞可以省略。
Treescanpreventtheearth(from)beingwashedaway.樹能阻止泥土被沖走。
Canyoustophim(from)goingswimmingintheriver?你能阻止他下河洗澡嗎?
Ihavesomedifficulty(in)answeringthequestion.回答這個(gè)問題我有點(diǎn)困難。
4.動(dòng)詞不定式中的省略
①有些動(dòng)詞,believe,find,think,feel,consider,imagine,prove等后作賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。
tobe+n./adj.中的tobe可以省略。
Iconsiderhim(tobe)lazy.我認(rèn)為他懶。
Hismotherfoundhim(tobe)acleverboy.他母親發(fā)覺他是一個(gè)很聰明的孩子。
②感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch,notice等以及使役動(dòng)詞let,make,have后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式。
中的不定式符號(hào)to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),to必須保留。
Theymadetheboygotobedearly.他們強(qiáng)迫這個(gè)男孩早睡。
Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.這個(gè)男孩被迫早睡。
注:help后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式中的to可以省略也可以保留。
③在cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut之后的動(dòng)詞不定式一般不帶to;but之前有實(shí)
義動(dòng)詞do的某個(gè)形式do,does,did,done時(shí),也不帶to,否則要帶to。
Wehavenothingtodonowbutwait.我們現(xiàn)在除了等沒有別的事可做。
Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.我不能不欽佩他的勇敢。
Hehasnochoicebuttoacceptthefact.除了接受這個(gè)事實(shí)他別無選擇。
④在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中為了避免重復(fù)。
Imreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.我真不知道該怎么想,怎么說才好。
但兩個(gè)不定式有對(duì)照或?qū)Ρ鹊囊饬x時(shí),則后一個(gè)to不能省略。
Icamenottoscoldbuttopraiseyou.我來不是責(zé)備你,而是贊美你。
⑤在why,whynot引導(dǎo)的特殊問句中后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
Whytalksomuchaboutit?為什么大談這個(gè)事呢?
Whynottryitagain?為什么不再試一試呢?
⑥動(dòng)詞不定式中動(dòng)詞原形部分是否省略,主要看句子前面是否已出現(xiàn)過同樣的動(dòng)詞。如果句子前面出現(xiàn)過同樣的動(dòng)詞,為了避免重復(fù),句子后面的不定式常省略動(dòng)詞原形,而保留不定式符號(hào)to。
Theymaygoiftheywishto(go).如果他們想去,他們就可以去。
DontgotillItellyouto.直到我告訴你去,你才可以去。
在一些動(dòng)詞afford,agree,expect,forget,mean,pretend,remember,want,refuse,hope,wish,wouldlike(love),try等后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,不定式中的to可以承前(后)省略。
—Willyougotothecinemawithme?你愿和我一起去看電影嗎?
—Well,Idliketo(gowithyou).我愿意。
Iwoulddoitforyou,butIdontknowhowto(doitforyou).
我想為你做這事,但我又不知如何做。
在某些形容詞,afraid,glad,willing,happy,eager等后承前省略動(dòng)詞原形,只保留不定式
符號(hào)to。
—Willyoujoinusinthegame?你愿和我們一起做這個(gè)游戲嗎?
—Sure,Illbegladto(joinyouinthegame).當(dāng)然,我愿意。
有些動(dòng)詞,tell,ask,allow,expect,force,invite,permit,persuade,order,warn,wish,wouldlike,
forbid等后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),不定式承前省略動(dòng)詞原形,保留動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to。
Hedidntcome,thoughwehadinvitedhimto(come).盡管我們邀請(qǐng)他來,他卻沒來。
注:承前省略的動(dòng)詞不定式如果有助動(dòng)詞have或be,則要保留be或have。
—Areyouateacher?你是老師嗎?--No,butIusedtobe(ateacher).不,我以前是。
(二)句法上的省略
在一些簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句中,可以省略主語、謂語、賓語、表語等某一個(gè)句子成分,也
可以省略多個(gè)句子成分。
1.簡單句中的省略
①感嘆句中常省略主語和謂語。
Whatahotday(itis)!多熱的天啊!
Howwonderful!多妙啊!
②在一些口語中可以省略某些句子成分。
—(Willyou)Haveasmoke?你抽煙嗎?—No.Thanks.不,謝謝了。
(Isthere)Anythingelsetosay?還有別的要說嗎?
2.并列句中的省略
①如果主語不同,而謂語動(dòng)詞中的一部分相同,則省略謂語動(dòng)詞中相同的那部分。
JohnmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.
約翰一定在踢球,而瑪麗一定在做作業(yè)。
②主語相同,謂語動(dòng)詞也相同,則二者都可以省略。
HissuggestionsmadeJohnhappy,but(hissuggestionsmade)Maryangry.
他的建議使約翰高興,卻使瑪麗很生氣。
③主語相同,而謂語不同,則可以省略主語。
OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,but(he)soonreturnedtohisoldways.
老麥克唐納戒了一陣子煙,可很快又抽上了。
④在并列復(fù)合句中,如果that從句從屬于第二個(gè)并列句且它的謂語動(dòng)詞和賓語等其它一些成分與第一個(gè)并列句相同時(shí),這個(gè)that從句通??梢允÷赃@些相同的部分。
Jackwillsingattheparty,butIknowJohnwont(singattheparty).
杰克將在晚會(huì)上唱歌,但我知道約翰不會(huì)在晚會(huì)上唱歌。
3.復(fù)合句中的省略
▲名詞性從句中的省略
①作賓語的what從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞與主句的相同,則what從句可以省略謂語,甚至主語
Someonehasusedmybike,butIdontknowwho(hasusedit).
有人用了我的自行車,但我不知道是誰。
Hehasgone,butnooneknowswhere(hehasgone).他走了,但沒人知道他去哪兒了。
②有時(shí)候也可以根據(jù)說話的情景來省略主句中的一些成分。
(Im)SorryIvekeptyouwaitingsolong.對(duì)不起,讓你久等了。
③在某些表虛擬語氣的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中,從句謂語動(dòng)詞中的助
動(dòng)詞should可以省略。
Itsimportantthatwe(should)speaktotheoldpolitely.我們對(duì)老人說話要有禮貌,這很重要。
▲定語從句中的省略
①在限制性定語從句中,作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(whom)??梢允÷?。
Theman(who/whom)IsawiscalledSmith.我見到的那個(gè)人名叫史密斯。
Whereisthebook(which)Iboughtthismorning?今天上午我買的那本書在哪兒?
②關(guān)系副詞when,where,why以及that在thetime(day,morning,afternoon,evening,night,week,
month,year等)when,theplace(desk,table,room,spot,house,town,country,school等)where,thereasonwhy,thewaythat結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí),在非正式場合下,可以省略關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,that。
Ishallneverforgettheday(when)wefirstmet.
我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記我們第一次見面的那一天。
Thereason(why)hecamesoearlyishisownaffair.他來這么早是他自己的事。
Theway(that)youansweredthequestionswasadmirable.你回答這些問題的方式令人欽佩。
▲狀語從句中的省略
當(dāng)狀語從句中的主語和主句的主語一致,或狀語從句中的主語是it,并且又含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),
常可以省略從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞。
①在as,before,till,once,when,while等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中。
While(Iwas)waiting,Iwasreadingsomemagazines.我一邊看雜志,一邊等。
②在though,although,等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中。
Though(theywere)tired,theywentonworking.雖然他們累了,但他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)工作。
③在if,unless(=if...not)等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中。
Youshouldntcometohispartyunless(youwere)invited.
除非你被邀請(qǐng),否則你不應(yīng)該來參加他的宴會(huì)。
④在as,asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中。
Hedidas(hehadbeen)told.他按照被告知的那樣去做了。
Hepausedasif(hewas)expectinghertospeak.他停下來,好像是在期待她說話。
⑤在as(so)...as...,than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中。
Iknowyoucandobetterthanhe(cando).我知道你能比他做得更好。
Thiscardoesntrunasfastasthatone(does).這輛小車不及那輛跑得快。
IV.倒裝句
“倒裝句”主要指的是謂語語序的倒裝,當(dāng)然也有賓語和表語語序的倒裝。將謂語的一部分提到主語之前叫部分倒裝;將謂語的全部提到主語之前叫全部倒裝。
(一)部分倒裝
部分倒裝是把be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞放到主語之前。如果句子中沒有這些詞,要在主語之前加助動(dòng)詞do/does/did等,而把原來的謂語動(dòng)詞變成原形放在主語之后。部分倒裝主要有以下幾種情況:
1.句首狀語為否定詞或半否定詞的句子。
這類詞或短語主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,nosooner,notonly,innoway,atnotime,few,not,no等,
NotaworddidIsaytohim.
NeverhaveIfoundhimsohappy.
LittledoeshecareaboutwhatIsaid.
Ican’tswim.Neithercanhe.
Nosoonerhadhegonetobedthanhefellasleep.
Hardly/Scarcelyhadhegonetobedwhenhefellasleep.
單項(xiàng)選擇題:
①Hardly________theairportwhentheplanetookoff.
A.IhadarrivedatB.hadIarrivedC.hadIreachedD.Ihadgotto
②—Haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore?
—No,________anythinglikethatbefore.
A.IneverhaveseenB.neverIhaveseenC.neverhaveIseenD.Ihaveseen
③Sheisnotfondofcooking,________I.
A.soamB.noramC.neitherD.nordo
(key:CCB)
2.only+狀語放在句首,要部分倒裝。
Onlybythismeansisitpossibletoexplainit.(介詞短語)
OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofmath.(副詞)
Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.(從句)
注意:如果only后面不是狀語,則不用倒裝。例如:OnlyWangLingknowsthis.
單項(xiàng)選擇題:
①Onlyinthisway________makeprogressinyourEnglish.
A.youB.canyouC.youbeabletoD.willyouableto
②Onlywhenthemeetingwasover________gobacktomeethisfriend.
A.hecouldB.hewasabletoC.washeabletoD.wasabletohe
(key:BC)
3.so或so引導(dǎo)的短語放在句首,要部分倒裝。
Isawthefilm,sodidshe.
Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.
單項(xiàng)選擇題:
①Ilikesportsand________mybrother.
A.sodoesB.soisC.socanD.solikes
②ThedoctortoldCharlietobreathedeeplyand________.
A.sodidCharlieB.CharliedidsoC.CharliedoessoD.didCharlieso
③Soloudly________that________hearherclearly.
A.didshespeak;couldeveryoneB.didshespeak;everyonecould
C.shespoke;couldeveryoneD.shespoke;everyonecould
④Ifyoudon’tgotohisbirthdaypartynextFriday,__________.
A.sodoIB.sowillIC.nordoID.norwillI
(key:ABBD)
4.“Notonly+分句,butalso+分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒裝。
NotonlydoesJohnloveChinese,heisalsogoodatspeakingit.
但notonly...butalso...連接主語時(shí),不倒裝。Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenaresick.
單項(xiàng)選擇題:
________himselfwrong,buthisfriendswerewrong.
A.NotwasonlyheB.NotonlyheC.NotonlywasheD.Notonlywas
(key:C)
5.Notuntil放在句首,從句不倒裝,主句倒裝。
Notuntillastweekdidtheyfindthelostbike.(簡單句)
Notuntilmysonhadenteredtheuniversitydidherealizetheimportanceoftime.(復(fù)合句)
單項(xiàng)選擇題:
①Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury________knowwhatheatis.
A.mandidB.manC.didn’tmanD.didman
②NotuntilIbegantowork________realizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.
A.didn’tIB.didIC.Ididn’tD.I
(key:DB)
6.as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
Proudasthesenoblesare,he’safraidtoseeme.
Tiredashewas,hekeptonrunning.
單項(xiàng)選擇題:
________,he’shonest.
A.AsheispoorB.PoorisheC.PoorasheisD.Poorasishe
(key:C)
7.在以often,well,manyatime,nowandagain
等方式或頻度副詞(短語)開頭的句子中,要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
ManyatimehasJohngivenmegoodadvice.
Oftenhavewemadethattest.
單項(xiàng)選擇題:
Manyatime________swimmingalone.
A.theboywentB.wenttheboyC.didtheboygoD.didgotheboy
(key:C)
8.在虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中,條件從句的謂語含有were,had和should這三個(gè)詞是,可省去if,將這些詞移至主語之前。
HadItime(=IfIhadtime),Iwouldgoandhelpyou.
WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),Iwouldgoabroad.
Shouldhecome(=Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.
9.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。
Mayyousucceed!
(二)全部倒裝
全部倒裝有以下幾種情況:
1.Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)。另外,在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來代替be動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞有:exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand
等。
Therestoodadogbeforehim.
Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.
單項(xiàng)選擇題:
________abeautifulpalace________thefootofthehill.
A.Therestand;atB.Therestands;underC.Standsthere;underD.Therestands;at
(key:D)
2.“Here,There,Now,Then+come(或be等)+主語”結(jié)構(gòu)
說明:本句型中there是副詞,應(yīng)重讀,強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)。而前一句型中的there是引導(dǎo)詞,本身沒意義。如:
Herecomestheoldlady!
Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.
Therecomesthebus.
Nowcomesyourturn.
除了then引導(dǎo)的句子用過去式以外,其余的均用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示一種生動(dòng)的描述。其次,如果主語是人稱代詞,就不用倒裝。
Hereyouare.
Thereshecomes.
單項(xiàng)選擇題:
There________.Andhere________.
A.goesthephone;shecomesB.isthephonegoing;isshe
C.doesthephonego;doesshecomeD.thephonegoes;comeshe
(key:A)
3.表示方向的副詞out,in,up,down等置于句首,要用全部倒裝。但主語是代詞時(shí)部分倒裝。
IncameMrWhite.
Upwentthearrowintotheair.
Awaywenttheboy.
單項(xiàng)選擇題:
①Out________,withastickinhishand.
A.didherushB.rushedheC.herushedD.hedidrush
②________fromthetopofthebuildingwhenthepolicemanpointedthegunathim.
A.JumpeddowntherobberB.Jumpedtherobberdown
C.DownjumpedtherobberD.Downtherobberjumped
(key:CC)
4.表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(如onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse,inthemiddleoftheroom等)放在句首時(shí),要全部倒裝。
Onthetopofthehillstandsapinetree.
Infrontoftheclassroomisaplayground.
Theyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichsatanoldman.
單項(xiàng)選擇題:
Nearthechurch________cottage.
A.wassuchanoldB.hadasooldC.wassucholdaD.issoanold
(key:A)
5.其它形式的完全倒裝
PresentatthemeetingwasMr.Green,aheadmaster.(形容詞短語)
Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.(代詞)
Eastofthecityliesanewrailway.(副詞短語)
Firsttobecompletedwastheseven-storeyteachingbuilding.(不定式短語)
Gonearethedayswhenmyheartwasyoungandgay.(過去分詞)
Lyingonthefloorwasaboyaged15.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語)
6.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。
LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!
1.Atnotime,asweknow,______forgetthatsolvingTaiwanIssueisentirelyinternalChineseaffair.
A.wecanB.wecouldC.canweD.couldwe
2.Sohard________thathecangotoanidealuniversity.
A.studiedTomB.didTomstudyC.doesTomstudyD.studiesTom
3.—Howisthemaninjuredintheearthquake?
—Thedoctorsaidif______inaproperway,hewaslikelytobesaved.
A.treatedB.treatingC.istreatedD.tobetreated
4.Itwasnotwhathesaidbut______he________saiditthathurtmyfeelings.
A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether
5.it’sinthecity_______youaregoingtopayavisitto_______thiskindofbeerisproduced.
A./;whereB.where;thatC./;thatD.that;which
6.Peterisnotworkingthisweek.Youcanringhimathome_________.
A.ifnecessaryB.ifsoC.iftrueD.ifany
7.—Don’tgotherealoneinsuchlatehours.
—Don’tworry.I__________.
A.don’tB.won’tC.haven’tD.didn’t
8.oldasthecaris,_____itworksquitewell.
A.butB.yetC.soD.however
9.—Hehasperformedverywell.
—__________,and_________.
A.Sohehas;soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;sohaveyouD.Sohashe;soyouhave
10.—Inwhichpartoftheplaywas________yourbrotherappeared?
—Inthelasttenminutes.
A.thatwhereB.thiswhenC.itthatD.itwhere
11.I’dratheryoudidsomehouseworkwhenyouarefree,butyou_________.
A.don’tB.didn’tC.wouldn’tD.weren’t
12.—itismanyyearssinceIlastsawyou.Ididn’trecognizeyouatfirst.
—I_________,either,ifsomeonehadn’tcalledyoubyname.
A.wouldn’tB.wouldn’thaveC.didn’tD.hadn’t
13.________andwewillcompletethetasksenttous.
A.AnotherhourB.AnhourlaterC.AfteranhourD.Inanhour
14._________happenedtobenooneinthebuildingwhenthefirebrokeout.
A.ItB.ThereC.ThisD.That
15.—Howwastheweatherthem?
—Hardly_______offtheplanewhenitstartedtorain.
A.IhadsteppedB.hadIsteppedC.IsteppedD.didIstep
16.Notuntilquiterecently_________thatlanguageiscloselyrelatedtoculture.
A.herealizedB.didherealizeC.hadherealizedD.hedidrealize
17.It’srequirethatthestudents________mobilephonesintheirschool,soseldom_______themusingone.
A.notuse,willyouseeB.shouldnotuse;youwillsee
C.don’tuse;willyouseeD.wouldnotuse;youwillsee
18.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrol___itcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.
A.whenB.untilC.thatD.before
19.It_______wehavehadachancetodiscussitthoroughly______theproblemwillbesettled.
A.wasuntil;whenB.wasuntil;thatC.wasn’tuntil;whenD.wasn’tuntil;that
20.—PeoplesaysyourlittlebrotherhasbeenadmittedintoQinghuaUniversity.
—Yes.Never________hecouldachievesomuchsuccess.
A.IhadthoughtB.IwouldhavethoughtC.couldIhavethoughtD.willIhavethought
21.—Jack,youpromised!
—Well,________.Butitwasyouwhodidn’tkeepyourwordfirst.
A.sowasIB.sodidIC.soIwasD.soIdid.
22.Onlybyjointefforts________awarmrelationshipbetweenteachersandstudents.
A.wecanenjoyB.canweenjoyC.weenjoyD.wemustenjoy
23.Thethiefhasnotyetturnedout,butwhen_______,I’lltelephonetoyou.
A.hedoesB.heisC.theydoD.theyare
24.________thattheycannotbeshowninthemaps.
A.SosmallthosepondsandstreamsareB.Sosmallarethosepondsandstreams
C.SothosepondsandstreamsaresmallD.Soarethosepondsandstreamsaresmall
25.________,hecansucceedinhisworkifheworkshard.
A.AsapersonisfoolishB.Foolishasapersonis
C.AsisapersonfoolishD.Asfoolishapersonis
26.—Youshouldhavethankedthehostessbeforeleaving.
—Imeant.ButIcouldn’tfindherwhenIwasleaving.
A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso
27.Idontrememberhowmanyyearsago______peoplebegantogrowcrops.
A.itwaswhenB.itwasthatC.wasitwhenD.wasitthat
28.—Wherewasit____theearthquakebrokeoutyesterday?—InanItaliancity.
A.whereB.whichC.howD.that
29.Littlethatdangerintheearthquakewhentheywerebusysavingtheirstudents.
A.theteachersrealizedB.theteachersdidn’trealize
C.didn’ttheteachersrealizeD.didtheteachersrealize
30.Wemustapplywhatwehavelearnedtoourdailyworkbecauseinnocase_______frompractice.
A.shouldtheoryseparateB.shouldtheorybeseparated
C.theoryshouldseparateD.theoryshouldbeseparated
1-5CCACC6-10ABBBC11-15ABABB
16-20BACDC21-25DBABB26-30BBDDB
相關(guān)推薦
高考英語特殊句式復(fù)習(xí)
一名優(yōu)秀負(fù)責(zé)的教師就要對(duì)每一位學(xué)生盡職盡責(zé),高中教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案,這是高中教師需要精心準(zhǔn)備的。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠在課堂積極的參與互動(dòng),幫助高中教師能夠更輕松的上課教學(xué)。高中教案的內(nèi)容具體要怎樣寫呢?下面是小編精心為您整理的“高考英語特殊句式復(fù)習(xí)”,希望對(duì)您的工作和生活有所幫助。
英語科5年高考3年模擬[浙江專版]
專題13特殊句式
1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:
句型結(jié)構(gòu)形式:Itis/was…that/who…
be的時(shí)態(tài):that/who前面be的時(shí)態(tài)一般是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),當(dāng)它后面的句子為過去時(shí)時(shí),才用過去時(shí)。
判斷方法:將(Itis/was)...(that/who)…括號(hào)中的詞同時(shí)去掉,看剩下的部分是否仍然成立。若成立,則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型;若不成立,則為狀語從句、定語從句或主語從句。
2.反意疑問句:
形式:句子+簡短的疑問
(1)前面若有多個(gè)句子并列,則以最后一個(gè)句子為準(zhǔn);若前面部分為主從復(fù)合句,一般說來,以主句為準(zhǔn);但若賓語主從復(fù)合句的主句謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose,feel,imagine,consider,guess等,主語又是第一人稱且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、謂語又沒有任何副詞修飾時(shí),簡短疑問部分的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)、人稱則以從句為準(zhǔn),而肯、否定形式依主句而定。
(2)前面句子含有must,can’t,may等表推測的詞時(shí),疑問部分則依據(jù)句子的時(shí)態(tài)及時(shí)間狀語而定。
(3)句子是Let’s...時(shí),后面用shall/shan’twe;前面部分是Letus…祈使句時(shí),后面用will/won’tyou。
(4)前面句子是I’m…時(shí),后面用aren’tl;句子是I’mnot…時(shí),后面用amI。
(5)前面是感嘆句時(shí),后面跟感嘆句的主、謂一致,但用否定形式。
(6)當(dāng)主語是anyone/anybody/everyone/everybody時(shí),疑問部分用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
否定、肯定形式:
(1)一般說來,前后兩部分的否定、肯定形式相反;但當(dāng)句子前有0h,Ah,so等語氣詞時(shí),前后兩部分的否定、肯定形式相同。
(2)前面部分有否定詞或半否定詞時(shí),后面部分用肯定形式;但若前面部分含有由否定詞綴構(gòu)成的否定詞時(shí),后面部分還是用否定形式。
3.祈使句:祈使句的主語是you,但一般被省略;當(dāng)前面有呼語時(shí),一般得補(bǔ)出主語you;否定式一般是在前面加Don’t。
在“祈使句,+and/or/andthen+句子”句型中,當(dāng)祈使句中含有比較級(jí)時(shí),可將祈使句中的謂語部分省略,只留下“比較級(jí)或比較級(jí)與名詞,+and/or/andthen+句子”。
4.感嘆句:句型:what+a(n)+adj+n.+主語+be!;How+adj/adv.+主語+動(dòng)詞!
5.Therebe句型:注意動(dòng)詞的形式;注意能用于這一句型的抽象特殊名詞及動(dòng)詞的抽象形式;注意主語補(bǔ)足語的形式。
6.倒裝句:倒裝分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。
全部倒裝:地點(diǎn)副詞或介詞短語+動(dòng)詞+主語(名詞);地點(diǎn)副詞或介詞短語+主語(代詞)+動(dòng)詞。
部分倒裝:(1)否定詞或半否定詞+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+其它。
(2)only+副詞(狀語)/SO+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+其它。
(3)讓步狀語從句的倒裝。
(4)非真實(shí)條件句的倒裝。
(5)結(jié)果、目的狀語從句中的such,SO提到句首時(shí)的倒裝。
7?省略句
(1)在上下文中,任何句子成分都可能省略,必須根據(jù)具體語境進(jìn)行理解。
(2)熟悉并掌握一些特殊的省略形式。
A.在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句的主語跟主句的主語一致時(shí),從句的主語可以省略,同時(shí)將從句的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉衷~形式。
B.在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句的主語跟主句的主語一致或從
句的主語是it,謂語是be動(dòng)詞時(shí),從句的主語、謂語可以省略。如:When/Where,/Ifnecessary。
C.當(dāng)句子的謂語部分省略時(shí),若只用代詞代替句子,則需用代詞的賓格形式。
D.當(dāng)省略不定式的內(nèi)容時(shí),須保留小品詞to。
8.對(duì)賓語從句的提問:特殊詞位于句首,主句用一般疑問式,而賓語從句用陳述語序。
考點(diǎn)解析
高中英語涉及的特殊句型包括強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、省略句和反意疑問句。高考對(duì)于這四種句型的考查很靈活。學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵是記準(zhǔn)確各個(gè)句型出現(xiàn)的條件。高考考生應(yīng)特別注意1、基本的句型條件;2、句型中的時(shí)態(tài)。
交際用語的考查重點(diǎn)應(yīng)注重文化差異,在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中注意英語的交際規(guī)則和交際模式,防止母語思維定勢的干擾和影響,形成英語思維方式。
強(qiáng)調(diào)
在使用英語時(shí),有時(shí)要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)詞、詞組或句子,這時(shí)就要用到強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。
一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本句型:“Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分”強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)句子的主語、賓語、表語及狀語等成分。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人的詞,可以用that或who(whom)連接其他成分;被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人以外的詞,例如表示事物、時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的詞,用that連接其他成分。一般疑問句:Is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分.特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+is/was+that/who+其他成分.
1、Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo______benefitsourworkmost.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what
2、—HaveyouseenthefilmUndertheHawthornTree?
—Ofcourse,Ihave.Itwasinourvillageitwasmade.
A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which
3、Wasitonalonelyislandhewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentfamous.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what
2、not…until也可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
4、Itwas_____hecamebankfromAfricathatyear____hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.
A.when;thenB.not;untilC.notuntil;thatD.only;when
3、It’s+地點(diǎn)狀語+that…(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
It’s+地點(diǎn)名詞+where…(定語從句)
ItisthetownwhereIwasborn. (thetown為地點(diǎn)名詞,定語從句)
ItwasinthetownthatIwasborn. (inthetown為地點(diǎn)狀語,強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)
4、It’s+時(shí)間名詞+when…(時(shí)間狀語從句)
It’s+時(shí)間狀語+that…(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
Itwasat8o’clockthathereturned. (at8o’clock是時(shí)間狀語,強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
Itwas8o’clockwhenhereturned.
(8o’clock是時(shí)間名詞,時(shí)間狀語從句)
5、借助助動(dòng)詞do
對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)要借助于助動(dòng)詞do加動(dòng)詞原形,而且do有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。這種強(qiáng)調(diào)形式主要用于祈使句以及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的肯定句中。
5、Ifyouhaveajob,yourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.
A.dodevoteB.dontdevoteC.devotingD.notdevoting
二、倒裝句
英語通常的語序是主語在前,謂語在后。如果謂語的一部分或者全部提到主語之前,這種語序就是倒裝。如果把全部謂語放在主語之前,就稱為完全倒裝;如果只把助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語之前,則稱為部分倒裝。
完全倒裝
1)、用在以here,there,now,then等副詞開頭的句子中
6、Johnopenedthedoor.There_____hehadneverseenbefore.
A.agirldidstandB.agirlstood
C.didagirlstandD.stoodagirl
如果主語是人稱代詞,則主語和謂語的位置不變。
Hereitis.
2)、為了強(qiáng)調(diào),或?yàn)榱司o密銜接上下文,常將表語放在句首,顛倒主語和謂語的次序。
PresentatthemeetingwereMr.Smith,Mr.Greenandmanyothercelebrities.
3)、為了使句子生動(dòng)、流暢,可把in,out,down,over,off,away之類用作狀語的副詞放在句首,采用完全倒裝。句中的謂語動(dòng)詞多是行為動(dòng)詞,而且是不及物動(dòng)詞。
Followingtheroar,outrushedatigerfromamongthebushes
4)、當(dāng)介詞短語位于句首作地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí),也常常用完全倒裝。
7、AtthemeetingplaceoftheYangtzeRiverandtheJialingRiver______,oneofthetenlargestcitiesinChina.
A.liesChongqingB.Chongqinglies
C.doeslieChongqingD.doesChongqinglie
2、部分倒裝
1)、用在省略了if的虛擬條件句中(把were,had或should移至主語前),采用部分倒裝。
Wereshehere,shewouldhelpus.(=Ifshewerehere,shewouldhelpus.)
2)、在表示祝愿的句子里,謂語動(dòng)詞或謂語動(dòng)詞的一部分,要放在主語的前面。
Mayyousucceed!
3)、用在以so開頭、表示謂語所述情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或另一事物的肯定句中,表示“也一樣”,“也這樣”。結(jié)構(gòu)為:so+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語或者由neither,nor引導(dǎo)的,表示前面所說情況也適用于另一人(或東西)的句子(否定句),表示“也不”
HecanspeakEnglish,socanwe.
Theyhaven’tpreparedtheirlessons.Nor/NeitherhaveI.
注意:so+人稱代詞(同一主語)+助動(dòng)詞,這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂是正常語序,用以重述前面的情況,以表示贊同或強(qiáng)調(diào)。
----Itwascoldyesterday.----Soitwas.
注意:soitis/waswith+另一主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示這一主語的情況也如此。主要用于上文出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)以上句子(情況),而在邏輯上這些句子表現(xiàn)同一主語,通常是有肯定和否定的混合句?;蛴袃蓚€(gè)(以上)謂語。
MikelikesChinesebutheisnotgoodatChinese.SoitiswithTom.
注意:主語+動(dòng)詞do(某種形式)+so,此句型用以避免重復(fù)前文所述動(dòng)詞及其賓(狀)語,表示該句型中的主語做了前文中已提到的動(dòng)作,此句型中的主語可與前句主語相同,也可以是另外的人。
SheaskedmetospeaklouderandIdidso.
4)、以never,little,notonly,notuntil,hardly,scarcely,nosooner…than,hardly…when,bynomeans,nowhere,atnotime,nota+名詞等表示否定或半否定意義的副詞或詞組開頭的句子中,采用部分倒裝。
8、-It’snice.Neverbeforesuchaspecialdrink!
-I’mgladyoulikeit.
A.IhavehadB.IhadC.haveIhadD.hadI
9、Notuntilhelefthishome____toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.
AdidhebeginBhadhebegun
ChebeganDhehadbegun
5)、often,manyatime,always,once等表示時(shí)間的頻度副詞放在句首時(shí)應(yīng)用部分倒裝。
ManyatimehashebeentoParis.他去過巴黎多次。
6)、以only開頭的句子(only后面為副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句),采用部分倒裝,即把謂語的助動(dòng)詞放到主語之前,謂語用原形。
10、Onlyaftertheyhaddiscussedthematterforseveralhours_______adecision.
A.theyreachedB.didtheyreach
C.theyreachD.dotheyreach
7)、as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),常將句末的表語、動(dòng)詞、副詞提至句首。
11、Unsatisfiedwiththepayment,hetookthejobjusttogetsomeworkexperience.
A.thoughwasheB.thoughhewas
C.hewasthoughD.washethough
三、省略
在語言運(yùn)用中,尤其是在口語中,省略是常見的語言現(xiàn)象。
1、在某些表虛擬語氣的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中,從句謂語動(dòng)詞中的should可以省略。這些句子一般包含如下動(dòng)詞一及其派生詞:一堅(jiān)持(insist),二命令
(order,command),三建議(suggest,propose,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)
Janespalefacesuggestedthatshewasillandherparentssuggestedthatshehaveamedicalexamination.
Itisnecessary(important,impossible,strange,natural,apity,nowonder)that...等主語從句中。
Itisnecessarythattheproblembesolvedatonce.
2、定語從句中的省略
(1)在限制性定語從句中,作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(whom)??梢允÷浴?br>
ThemanIsawiscalledTom.
WhereisthepenIboughtthismorning?
(2)關(guān)系副詞when,where,why及that在thetimewhen,theplacewhere,thereasonwhy,thewaythat結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí),在非正式場合下,可以省略關(guān)系副詞when,where,why和that等。
Ishallneverforgetthedaywefirstmet.
Thereasonhecamesoearlyishisownaffair.
Idontlikethewayyouspeaktoyourmother.
3、狀語從句中的省略
(1)當(dāng)狀語從句中的主語和主句的主語一致,或狀語從句中的主語是it,并且又含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),常可以省略從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞。
12、Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar’sengine.,we’dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.
A.OtherwiseB.IfnotC.ButforthatD.Ifso
(2)虛擬條件句中,含助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞be或have等,若將它們提到句首,則需省略if。
Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittillnextweek.
(3)在as(so)...as...,than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中。
IknowyoucandobetterthanPeter.
Thiscardoesntrunasfastasthatone.
(4)在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,當(dāng)作表語的單數(shù)名詞提前時(shí),不定冠詞要省略。
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
4、動(dòng)詞不定式中的省略
1)有些動(dòng)詞,如believe,find,think,feel,consider,imagine,prove等后作賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)tobe+n./adj.中的tobe可以省略。
Iconsiderhimstupid.
Hismotherfoundhimacleverboy.
2)感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch,notice等以及使役動(dòng)詞let,make,have后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式中的不定式符號(hào)to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),to必須保留。
Theymadetheboygotobedearly.
Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.
3)動(dòng)詞不定式在prefer,refuse,decide,mean,intend,try,promise,like,love,care,want,hope,wish,expect等動(dòng)詞后作賓語時(shí),為了避免重復(fù),常承前省略不定式后的內(nèi)容,但要保留不定式符號(hào)to。
Ihaveaskedhertocome,butshedoesnotwantto.
注意:want,like用在when,if,what,as引導(dǎo)的從句中,其后的to也??墒÷浴?br>
IvedecidedtodowhatIlike.
Illteachyouifyoulike.
4)在cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,candonothingbut...,canthelpbut...,prefertodoratherthando...,woulddo...ratherthan...之后的動(dòng)詞不定式一般不帶to;but之前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某個(gè)形式do,does,did,done而且其賓語是something,nothing,anything和everything等不定代詞時(shí),也不帶to,否則要帶to。
Wehavenothingtodonowbutwait.
Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.
Hehasnochoicebuttoacceptthefact.
5)在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中為了避免重復(fù),后一個(gè)to省略。
Imreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.
但兩個(gè)不定式有對(duì)照或?qū)Ρ鹊囊饬x時(shí),則后一個(gè)to不能省略。
Icamenottoscoldbuttopraiseyou.
6)在why,whynot引導(dǎo)的特殊問句中后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
Whytalksomuchaboutit?Whynottryitagain?
7)動(dòng)詞不定式與beableto,begoingto,haveto,oughtto,usedto等構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語時(shí),不定式結(jié)構(gòu)??墒÷?,但要保留不定式符號(hào)to。
Idon’twanttowaitforhim,butlhaveto.
—Whydidn’tyoucometoourparty?
—Iwasgoingto,butlhadareporttowrite.
8)動(dòng)詞不定式中動(dòng)詞原形部分是否省略,主要看句子前面是否已出現(xiàn)過同樣的動(dòng)詞。如果句子前面出現(xiàn)過同樣的動(dòng)詞,為了避免重復(fù),句子后面的不定式常省略動(dòng)詞原形,而保留不定式符號(hào)to。
DontgotillItellyouto.
9)動(dòng)詞不定式在ask,warn,tell,advise,force,wish,expect,allow,permit,invite,persuade,order,wouldlike,forbid等動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),常可省略。
Youdbettergiveaperformanceifyouareaskedto.
Hedidntcome,thoughwehadinvitedhimto.
10)動(dòng)詞不定式在happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready等形容詞等后承前省略動(dòng)詞原形,只保留不定式符號(hào)to。
—Willyoujoinmeinawalk?
—Illbehappyto.
注:承前省略的動(dòng)詞不定式如果有助動(dòng)詞have或be,則要保留be或have。
—Areyouadoctor?
—No,butIusedtobe.
四、反意疑問句
1、反意疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)形式:
反意疑問句提出情況或看法,問對(duì)方同不同意,這種問句都由兩部分組成,前一部分用陳述句的形式,后一部分是一個(gè)附著在前一部分上的簡短問句,中間用逗號(hào)隔開,如前一部分為肯定形式,后一部分通常用否定形式,前一部分為否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式,兩部分的時(shí)態(tài)要一致。
YouaretogohomeviaHongkong,aren’tyou?
(肯定的陳述句+否定的反意疑問句)
Theydidn’traisemanyquestionsatthepressconference,didthey?
(否定的陳述句+肯定的反意疑問句)
2、反意疑問句的答語
在回答反意疑問句時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)事實(shí)來回答,如果事實(shí)是肯定的,前面要用yes,否則用no,在第一部分為否定句時(shí)要特別注意,這時(shí)英語回答和漢語回答是不一致的。
----Youarenotgoingouttoday,areyou?----No,Iamnot.
你今天不出去,是嗎? 是的,我今天不出去。
(“不出去”屬于否定的事實(shí),所以在英語中應(yīng)用“no”來表示此義,不要用“yes”來回答。)
構(gòu)成反意疑問句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題:
1)、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everybody,everyone,someone,noone,nobody,somebody等不定代詞時(shí),反意疑問句部分中的主語常用they(有時(shí)也可用he.)
Somebodyborrowedmypenyesterday,didn’tthey?
Noonewashurt,washe?
2)、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everything,anything,nothing,something等表物的不定代詞時(shí),反意疑問部分的主語常用it.
Everythinghasbeendoneonhowtopreventthepollution,hasn’tit?
3)、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是one時(shí),反意疑問部分的主語常用one或you。
Oneshouldstudyhard,shouldn’tone/you?
4)、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是man(人類)時(shí),反意疑問部分的主語常用he。
Manisthemasterofhisownfate,isn’the?
5)、當(dāng)陳述部分是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),反意疑問部分用there,省略主語代詞。
Thereusedtobeashop,didn’tthere?
6)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有seldom,hardly,never,rarely,few,little,nowhere,nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí),反意疑問部分的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用肯定形式。
Fewpeopleknowhim,dothey?
Bobrarelygotdrunk,didhe?
Youhavenothingelsetosay,haveyou?
7)、當(dāng)陳述部分中含有im,in,dis,un等否定前綴或less等否定后綴時(shí),應(yīng)把陳述部分看成是肯定的,反意疑問部分要用否定式。
Yourmotherdislikesseeingyouwithme,doesn’tshe?
Heisunfamiliarwiththistypeofcomputer,isn’the?
8)、當(dāng)陳述部分是I’m…結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),反意疑問部分常用aren’tI
Iamlate,aren’tI?
9)、當(dāng)陳述部分是主從復(fù)合句時(shí),反意疑問部分中的動(dòng)詞和主語代詞通常應(yīng)和主句中的動(dòng)詞和主語保持一致。
Ifyoudon’tstartearly,youwillbelate,won’tyou?
Peterbelievesthathisdreamwillcometruesomeday,doesn’the?
10)、當(dāng)陳述部分的主句是Isuppose,Ithink,Ibelieve,Iimagine等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),反意疑問部分往往與從句保持一致,而且要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
Ithinkheisathief,isn’the?
Idon’tthinkhecandoitwell,canhe?
11)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有have,而且have作“有”解時(shí),反意疑問部分用have/has或借助助動(dòng)詞do,does,did等來完成;如果陳述部分中的have是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,則反意疑問部分應(yīng)需借助助動(dòng)詞do,does,did等來完成。
Hehasn’talotoftimetospare,hashe?
Hedoesn’thaveanEnglishdictionary,doeshe?
12)、當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語動(dòng)詞包括haveto,hadto時(shí),反意疑問部分通常用do的適當(dāng)形式。
Youhadtotaketheearlybus,didn’tyou?
Wehavetodoit,don’twe?
13)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞usedto時(shí),反意疑問部分可用usedto形式或did形式。
Heusedtogetuplate,didn’t/usedn’the?
14)、當(dāng)陳述部分是祈使句時(shí),反意疑問部分常用willyou.
Helpmetodoit,willyou?
Don’tgothere,willyou?
◆Let’s和Letus都表示“讓我們”,但用法上不同。前者包括聽話人,后者不包括聽話人。正因如此,它們的反意疑問句的形式常常不同:
以Let’s開頭的祈使句,反意疑問部分常用shallwe.
以Letus開頭的祈使句,反意疑問部分常用willyou.
Let’sgonow,shallwe??。ㄎ覀?nèi)?,你也去?br>
Letusgoshopping,willyou??。ㄎ覀?nèi)?,你不去?br>
15)、當(dāng)陳述句部分含hadbetter/best,wouldliketo,wouldrather等約定俗成特殊短語時(shí),反意疑問部分應(yīng)保留第一個(gè)詞。
Hehadbetterdomorespeaking,hadn’the?
16)、當(dāng)陳述句部分是強(qiáng)調(diào)句或類似強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),反意疑問部分常和句首的Itis/was保持一致。
Itisthefirsttimethathehasgonethere,isn’tit?
17)、當(dāng)陳述句部分為感嘆句時(shí),反意疑問句部分常用否定形式,且問句部分的動(dòng)詞常用be.
Whatacoldday,isn’tit?
18)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must,may,can’t,且表示推測時(shí),反意疑問部分不能用must,may,can’t自身,應(yīng)和后面的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞保持一致;
◆must/may/can’t+do表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測,反意疑問部分用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
Hecan’tbeMr.Chen,ishe?(相當(dāng)于Idon’tthinkheisMr.Chen.)
Hemustbeverytired,isn’the? (相當(dāng)于:Ibelieveheisverytired.)
◆must/may/can’t+havedone+過去時(shí)間狀語,表示對(duì)過去情況的推測,反意疑問部分常用一般過去時(shí)。
Youmusthaveseenthefilmlastweek,didn’tyou?
(相當(dāng)于:Ithinkyousawthefilmlastweek.)
Itcan’thavesnowedlastweek,didit? (相當(dāng)于:Idon’tthinkitsnowedlastweek.)
◆must/may/can’t+havedone,反意疑問部分常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
YoumayhavebeentoTibet,haven’tyou? (相當(dāng)于:MaybeyouhavebeentoTibet.)
Hecan’thaveknownthenews,hashe? (相當(dāng)于:Idon’tthinkhehasknownthenews.)
Youmusthavewaitedforalongtime,haven’tyou?
(相當(dāng)于:Ithinkyouhavewaitedforalongtime.)
19)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞mustn’t表示“禁止”時(shí),反意疑問部分常用must.
Youmustn’twalkongrass,mustyou?
20)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need,dare時(shí),反意疑問部分有兩種形式:作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)保留自身;作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)反意疑問句應(yīng)借助于助動(dòng)詞do/does/did來完成。
Heneedstostartatonce,doesn’the?
Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight,dareshe?
21)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞oughtto時(shí),反意疑問部分常用oughtn’t(有時(shí)也可用shouldn’t.)
Thechildoughttobepunished,oughtn’the?
五年高考
A組全國高考題組
1.Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,they________secondthoughts.
A.mayhaveB.couldhaveC.musthavehadD.mighthavehad
虛擬語氣中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
D
本句是一個(gè)倒裝句,可還原為:iftheyhadknownwhatwascomingnext,theymighthavehadsecondthought。根據(jù)hadknown提示,可知是與過去事實(shí)相反,因此虛擬語氣主句中應(yīng)該用would/might+havedone,由此可見答案D符合語境。
2.Thereislittledoubtinyourmindthatheisinnocent,_______________?
A.isthereB.isntthereC.isheD.isnthe
特殊句式—反義問句
A
根據(jù)前面therebe句里含有否定意義的詞little,所以反意疑問句用肯定形式,其主謂應(yīng)與陳述部分的主謂保持一致,故選A項(xiàng)。
3.—Idon’tknowaboutyou,butI’msickandtiredofthisweather.
—_________.Ican’tstandallthisrain.
A.Idon’tcareB.It’shardtosay
C.SoamID.Ihopenot
C
當(dāng)表示后者與前者具有相同特征的時(shí)候,后者用倒裝的形式;肯定用so,否定用nor或neither構(gòu)成。根據(jù)后面一句中的Ican’tstandallthisrain可知,此處與上一句中的I’msickandtiredoftheweather表達(dá)同樣的感受,因此應(yīng)該用SoamI,表示“我也是”。句意:---我不了解你。我討厭這種天氣。---我也是。我無法忍受整天下雨。
考查倒裝句的用法。
4.Youhavetomoveoutofthewaythetruckcannotgetpastyou.
A.soB.or
C.andD.but
B
此處or表示“否則”。句意:你必須躲開,否則卡車過不去。
考查并列連詞。
5.ItwasnotuntilIcamehere____Irealizedthisplacewasfamous,fornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.
A.whoB.thatC.whereD.before
B
本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
把itwas及空去掉,可轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)完整的句子。且這是表示“直到……時(shí)才”的句型之一:itwasnotuntil…that…。復(fù)合句強(qiáng)調(diào)句型that
6.Theheadmasterwillnotpermitthechangeinthecourse,nor______itathought.
A.doesheevengivenB.heevengivesC.whetherD.hewillevengiven
特殊句式—倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
C
空白處前為否定詞“nor”位于句首,句子應(yīng)該使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),而且根據(jù)語境空白處應(yīng)使用一般將來時(shí),C選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此,正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
技巧點(diǎn)撥:考查倒裝。否定副詞never位于句首,句子應(yīng)該使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu);根據(jù)語境即關(guān)鍵詞before,句子應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
7.Notuntilheretiredfromteachingthreeyearsagohavingaholidayabroad.
A.hehadconsideredB.hadheconsidered
C.heconsideredD.didheconsider
特殊句式—倒裝。
D
Notuntil位于句首時(shí)句子要倒裝,considerhavingaholidayabroad這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在retire之后,所以用一般過去時(shí)。
8.Atschool,somestudentsareactive______someareshy,yettheycanbegoodfriendswithoneanother.
A.whileB.althoughC.soD.as
A
本題考查并列連詞。
題干句意為:在學(xué)校,一些學(xué)生很活躍而一些卻很害羞,然而他們都可能彼此成為好朋友。根據(jù)句意選while,表示兩個(gè)分句中兩種情況的對(duì)比。
9.Thisisnotmystory,nor______thewholestory.Mystoryplaysoutdifferently.
A.isthereB.thereisC.isitD.itis
C
本題考查倒裝句。
nor位于句首引起部分倒裝,排除B、D;再根據(jù)句意“這并不是(關(guān)于)我的故事,它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的結(jié)局不同?!边x代詞it。故答案選C。
B組2008-全國高考題組
1.—HaveyouseemthefilmUndertheHawthornTree?
—Ofcourse,Ihave.Itwasinourvillage_______itwasmade.
A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which
A
考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
問話人詢問對(duì)方是否看過《山楂樹之戀》這部電影,答話人回答說當(dāng)然看過,這部電影是在自己的村莊拍攝的。本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是地點(diǎn)狀語inourvillage。強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語inourvillage。
2.It’snotwhatwedoonceinawhile______shapesourlives,butwhatwedoconsistently
A.whichB.thatC.howD.when
B
本題考察強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
本題考察強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語。故選B。句子意思:決定我們生活的東西不是我們偶爾所做的事情而是那些我們自始至終所做的事情。
3.Janewon’tjoinusfordinnertonightand.
A.neitherwon’tTomB.Tomwon’teither
C.TomwilltooD.sowillTom
B
考查特殊句式。
句意:簡不會(huì)來參加我們今晚的宴會(huì),湯姆也不會(huì)來。此處是否定句,故使用either,而too一般用于肯定句中。此處也可以用so倒裝的否定式,即neither/norwillTom.注意A項(xiàng)中neither表否定意義,所以不能用won’t。
4.Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar’sengine._______,we’dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.
A.OtherwiseB.IfnotC.ButforthatD.Ifso
D
考查省略和替代。
句意:聽起來車的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)好像有問題,如果那樣的話,我們最好立刻把它弄到汽修廠去。前后兩句話之間是順承關(guān)系。Otherwise否則,要不然;ifnot要不,不然;butforthat若不是因?yàn)槟羌?;ifso若是這樣。
5._____astrangeplant!Iveneverseenitbefore.
A.WhichB.WhatC.HowD.Whether
where
B
考查感嘆句。
句意:多么奇怪的植物啊!我以前從沒見過。此處為“What+a/an十a(chǎn)dj.+n.+itis/was”的省略結(jié)構(gòu),故B項(xiàng)正確。
6.Itdoesn’tmatteriftheywanttocometoyourparty,_______?
A.doesn’titB.doesitC.don’ttheyD.dothey
B
考查反義疑問句。
反義疑問句的基本原則就是與主句主謂保持一致。陳述部分為否定,故附加部分為肯定,句意:他們是否來參加你的派對(duì),沒有關(guān)系,是嗎?
7.Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,ifregularly,canimproveourhealth.
A.beingcarriedoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout
C
本題考查if條件句中的省略情況。
本句的句子的主語是theexperiment;謂語動(dòng)詞是shows;that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,賓語從句的主干事:properamountsofexercisecanimproveourhealth,if_____regularly是插入的條件從句,從句的主語是properamountsofexercise,此時(shí)應(yīng)用it代替前面提到的主語,條件句的主語與主句的主語一致,并且含有is,故省略了itis,完整形式是:ifitiscarriedout。句意為:這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng),如果有規(guī)律的進(jìn)行,能夠有助于我們的身體健康。
8.Notuntilhelefthishome______toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.
AdidhebeginBhadhebegunChebeganDhehadbegun
A
考查倒裝。
notuntil放在句首要用部分倒裝,翻譯為直到,所以begin發(fā)生在left之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生
9.YouandIcouldhardlyworktogether,?
A.couldyouB.couldn’tIC.couldn’tweD.couldwe
D
反義疑問句的用法。
根據(jù)陳述部分是肯定形式,疑問部分用否定形式;反之。陳述部分中含有否定詞hardly,故疑問部分用肯定形式,主語是youandI。故應(yīng)選D。
10.Accordingtostatistics,amanismorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancer_________awoman.
A.thanB.suchC.soD.as
D
比較級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
比較級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu),as…..as,注意句中的morethan只是修飾twice
11.—Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?
—Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder.
A.astoldB.asaretoldC.astellingD.astheytold
A
此題考查狀語從句的省略
astold=astheyweretold,此處是as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句的省略。當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語一致,且謂語動(dòng)詞含有be時(shí),將從句的主語和be省略。又因?yàn)閣orkers與tell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,排除C、D。
12.Billwasn’thappyaboutthedelayofthereportbyJason,and______.
A.IwasneitherB.neitherwasIC.IwaseitherD.eitherwasI
B
本題考查倒裝。
句意為:Bill對(duì)Jason耽誤了報(bào)告的事不高興,我也是(我也不高興)。表示“某人也不……時(shí)”,應(yīng)該用“neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語”。
三年模擬
A組全國模擬題組
1.(浙江省杭州十四中高三3月月考,8)________thisproblem,theydon’tknowhowtodealwithit.
A.FaceB.FacedC.FacingD.Tobefaced
2.(浙江省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體高三第二學(xué)期3月調(diào)研試題,6)_____readnewspapersforpleasure,butalsotoimprovetheirminds.
A.NotonlyoldmenB.Notonlyoldmendo
C.NotonlydooldmenD.Oldmennotonlydo
3.(浙江省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期2月聯(lián)考,5)OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItaly,________howmuchIlovedthem.
A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealize
4.(浙江省東陽市南馬高中高三下學(xué)期入學(xué)考試,16)______howmirrorsproduceimage,weneedtoknowwhatlightdoes.
A.UnderstandingB.UnderstoodC.TounderstandD.Havingunderstood
5.(浙江省奉化市第二中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第三次月考,6)Itisalwaysthose_____forgivefirst_______achievemorehappiness.
A.不填;andB.who;andC.who;thatD.that;but
6.(浙江省杭州市高三第一次高考教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測,19)
—HowmanystudentswillattendJames’course?
—Isupposetherewillbenotmorethanten,,foritistooabstract.
A.ifsoB.ifpossibleC.ifanyD.ifever
7.(浙江省杭州市西湖高級(jí)中學(xué)高三3月月考,17)________,hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes.
A.AlthoughmuchhelikeherB.Muchalthoughhelikesher
C.AshelikeshermuchD.Muchashelikesher
8.(浙江省嘉興市高三下學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢查(二),1)
---Nicetomeetyou.YoucancallmeSarah.
---Oh,!MynameisSarah,too.Wehavethesamename.
A.whatashameB.whatasmallworld
C.whatajokeD.whatacoincidence
9.(金華十校高考模擬考試,14)Theschoollibraryprovidesavarietyofbooks,_______theywillmeettheneedsofdifferentstudents.
A.tohopeB.hopeC.hopedD.hoping
10.(浙江省寧波市高三上學(xué)期期末試題,18)Onnoaccount_______tellhimaboutourplans.
A.youmustB.youcanC.canyouD.mustyou
11.(浙江省紹興市第一中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期回頭望考試題,11)Idon’tthinkmymotherwillcometoShaoxing,butincaseshe______,IwillaskforafewdaystoshowheraroundtheEastLake.
A.willB.wouldC.didD.does
12.(浙江省名校新高考研究聯(lián)盟第一次聯(lián)考,3)Weweretoldnottotouchtheequipmentinthelaboratoryunless________.
A.allowedtodoB.allowingtodoC.allowedtoD.allowingto
B組2010-全國模擬題組
1.(浙江省高考模擬卷,6)______tothevictimsinthemud-flowstruckareas,youcancontactthelocalcharityorganizations.
A.ContributingB.TocontributeC.BeingcontributeD.Contributed
2.(溫州中學(xué)高三年級(jí)第一次模擬考試,35)Inmyopinion,learningislifelongandthemoreknowledgeyouget_______.
A.themoreforlifeareyouequippedB.themoreequippedforlifeyouare
C.themorelifeyouareequippedforD.youareequippedthemorelife
3.(浙江省紹興市高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)測,11)ThelatesteditionofHarryPotterisasattractiveasthepreviouseditions.,itismorethrilling.
A.IfanythingB.IfsomethingC.IfnecessaryD.Ifso
4.(浙江省高考考試樣卷,6)Ifnot_______,you’reallowedtoreturneverythingwithin10daysforafullrefundandnofurtherduties.
A.tosatisfyB.beingsatisfiedC.satisfiedD.satisfying
5.(浙江省高三模擬考試試題(一),23)
—Doyouknow____the2011XiamenInternationalMarathonwasheld?
—OnJanuary2.
A.whenitwasthatB.whenwasitthat
C.whatitwasthatD.whatwasitthat
6.(浙江省富陽二中高三3月月考,6)ItisthebestplayIhaveeverseen,andneverbefore_______afilmofsohighquality.
A.IsawB.haveIseenC.didIseeD.Ihaveseen
7.(浙江省溫州二中高三上學(xué)期期中,11)_______up,theyoungmanfoundhimselfcoveredwitharedblanket.
A.WakeB.WakingC.WakesD.woke
8.(浙江省瑞安中學(xué)高三暑期總結(jié)性測試,10)Onlywhenyouleaveyourparentsforcollegeeducation_______howmuchyoulovethem.
A.doyourealizeB.yourealizeC.youwillrealizeD.willyourealize
9.(溫州市學(xué)年高三八校聯(lián)考英語試卷,6)NotuntilIwentthroughhispaper_________whatrapidprogresshehadmadeinwriting.
A.IdidfindB.didIfindC.IhadfoundD.wasIfound
10.(溫州中學(xué)學(xué)年第一學(xué)期第一次月考,12)______withsomeresearchfindings,Idecidedonthreepossibleapproaches.
A.PreparingB.Havingprepared
C.ToprepareD.Prepared
高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題
古人云,工欲善其事,必先利其器。作為教師準(zhǔn)備好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以讓學(xué)生更好地進(jìn)入課堂環(huán)境中來,幫助教師更好的完成實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)。那么如何寫好我們的教案呢?小編收集并整理了“高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題”,僅供參考,歡迎大家閱讀。
定語從句
一、基本概念:
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。如:
Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingjustnow?
Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.
注意:
(1)定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞;
(2)定語從句一般用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo),關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作從句中的一個(gè)成分。
(3)★引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as
★關(guān)系副詞有:when,where,why.
二、關(guān)系詞的用法:
(一)關(guān)系代詞的用法:
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),可作主語、賓語、表語、定語等句子成分。
指代對(duì)象
在從句中所做的成分
人
物
人+物
可否省略
主語
who/that
which/that
that
不可
賓語
who/whom/that
which/that
that
可
表語
that
that
that
可
定語
whose/ofwhom
whose/ofwhich不可
ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.
Thebookwhich/thatIamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.
Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.
Thisistheroomthat/whichShakespearewasbornin.
注:在非正式文體中,用于指人的關(guān)系代詞whowhom,that通常可以省略,但在正式文體中通常用whom,不可省略;用于指物的關(guān)系代詞which和that在非正式文體中也通常省略,但在正式文體中一般不省略。
1.★作定語用whose=the+n+ofofwhich
=ofwhichthe+n
(a)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.
(b)ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.
注意:“介詞+whose+名詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。如:
Ilovemymotherland,forwhosegoodfutureIwillworkhard.
門是藍(lán)色的那間房是我的。2.★作表語只用that,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但時(shí)常省略。如:
Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.
Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.
3、★as在定語從句中的用法:::as可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
(1).as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,有“正如,就像”之意。它在從句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。例
Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.
(2)as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句多與such、so或thesame連用,它可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。
Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.
Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.
(3).as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的位置
as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活,可以位于主句前面、中間或后面,一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開,但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句一般只能放在主句之后。例如:
Ashadbeenexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.
Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknowntoeveryone.
注意:★thesame…that與thesame…as在意思上是不同的。例如:
ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.
這個(gè)書包和我昨天丟的相似。(相似物)
ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.
這正是我昨天丟的那個(gè)書包。(同一物)
(二)關(guān)系副詞的用法:
1.when指時(shí)間,在從句中作時(shí)間狀語,它的先行詞通常有:time,day,morning,night,week,year等。
DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?
注:when時(shí)常可以省略,特別是在某些句型和某些時(shí)間狀語中。如:
Eachtimehecame,hedidhisbesttohelpus.
Buthelpneverstoppedcomingfromthedayshefellill.
2.where指地點(diǎn),在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。它的先行詞通常有:place,spot,street,house,room,city等,
Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.
IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.
3.why指原因或理由,它的先行詞只有reason。如:
Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.
(三)使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn):
1.這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu):
when=on(in,at,during…)+which;
where=in(at,on…)+which;
why=forwhich.如:
IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.
Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.
Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.
2.★當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time,day等和表地點(diǎn)的place,house等時(shí),一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu),如果缺少主語或賓語時(shí),關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that,缺少時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí),才能用when或where試比較:
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.
I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.
Hisfatherworksinafactorywhereradiopartsaremade.
Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.
3.when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。而why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。4.★as和which引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別
有時(shí),非限制性定語從句所修飾的不是某一個(gè)詞,而是整個(gè)主句或是主句中的一個(gè)部分,這時(shí)一般采用which或as來引導(dǎo)。如:
Hepassedtheexam,which/ashehopedhewould.
(1)as引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前,而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。
Theyarehollow,whichmakesthemverylight.
Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.
(2)從意義上講,which指前面主句的內(nèi)容;而as指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識(shí)性的東西,因此常譯成“就象……那樣”。
(3)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句表示積極的意義,與主句是順理成章的關(guān)系,絕不能與之矛盾。若非限制性定語從句表示消極的意義,則只用which。如:
Hehassucceededinhiscareer,as/whichweallhope.他在事業(yè)中成功了,這正是我們大家所希
Hergrandmadiedlastweek,whichmadeherverysad.她的奶奶逝世了,這使得她很悲傷。
(4)當(dāng)非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞前面有介詞時(shí),只能用which,而不可用as。如:
Hehasanewcomputer,forwhichhepaidnearlytenthousandYuan.
(5)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞代替主句中的賓語從句或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(如:賓+補(bǔ);不定式短語;動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語等)時(shí),一般只能用which,而不用as。如:
Shetoldusthattherewassomethingwrongwithherbike,whichwastrue。
HeaskedhertohelphimwithhisEnglish,whichshedid.
(6)關(guān)系代詞僅代表主句中的謂語部分時(shí),從句中謂語部分被省略而只保留情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式或助動(dòng)詞否定式,引導(dǎo)詞一般只用which,而不用as。如:
HespeaksEnglishveryfluently,whichIcan’t.
(7)關(guān)系代詞作定語修飾后面的名詞時(shí),一般只用which,而不用as。如:
Hesuggestedgoingswimmingintheriver,whichideaweagreedwith.
(8)關(guān)系代詞僅代表主句中單個(gè)的名詞時(shí),一般只用which,而不用as。如:
Hesentmeabeautifulpresent,whichIvaluedverymuch.
(9)as在非限制性定語從句中,還常跟such連用。如:
Therewasalookofloveintheteacher’seyes,suchasmothershavefortheirchildren.老師眼里流露出對(duì)他喜愛的神情,就好像母親對(duì)孩子的喜愛。
(10)as常用于一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:
asiswellknown/asweallknow眾所周知;
asissaidabove正如上面所說;
asmightbeimagined正像所想象的那樣;
asisreported如報(bào)道所說;
ashasbeenpointed如所指出的那樣;
asisexpected正如所料。
5.在正式文體中,以theway為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常以inwhich或that引導(dǎo),如:
Thewayinwhichyouansweredthequestionswasadmirable.
但在非正式文體中,人們通常省略inwhich或that:
Theway(inwhich)hespoketouswassuspicious.
Idon’tliketheway(that)youlaughather.四.關(guān)系詞的選擇
1.在非限制性定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞作主語,只能用who指人,which指物;關(guān)系代詞做賓語,常用whom(口語中有時(shí)用who)指人,which指物,它們都不能用that代替。
2.關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語,不論是在限制性定語從句中,還是在非限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí),只能用whom指人,which指物;但如果介詞后置,則不受這種限制,關(guān)系代詞還可以省去,特別是在口語中。如:
Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?
Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?
Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.
3.★在限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí),關(guān)系詞可用which或that,二者常可以互換;但在下列情況中,只能用that,不用which:
(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,alot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等詞時(shí)。如:Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(2)當(dāng)先行詞被all,anyno,much,little,few,every等限定詞所修飾時(shí)。如:
Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.
(3)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如:
Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.
WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.
(4)當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,以及先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容
詞最高級(jí)同時(shí)修飾時(shí),如:
That’sthemostexpensivehotelthatwe’veeverstayedin.
ThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveeverread.
(5)當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修飾時(shí)。如:
ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.
(6)當(dāng)先行詞為指人和指物的兩個(gè)并列名詞詞組時(shí)。如:
TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.
Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.
(7)當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。如:
Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?
4.在限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí),關(guān)系詞可用who(m)或that,二者常可互換。
但在下列情況中,用who(m),而不用that:
(1)當(dāng)先行詞是one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,
everybody等詞時(shí)。如:
Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?
Hewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.
注:在非正式文體中可以說:You’retheonethatknowswheretogo.)
(2)當(dāng)先行詞是he,they,those,people,person等詞時(shí)。如:
Hewhowantstocatchfishjustnotmindgettingwet.
Thosewhoareagainsttheproposalputupyourhands.
注:在固定結(jié)構(gòu)的諺語或習(xí)語中,可用hethat…。如:
Hethatpromisestoomuchmeansnothing.
(3)當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語修飾時(shí)。如:
Doyouknowthewriterinbluewiththickglasseswhoisspeakingatthemeeting?
(4)在分隔式定語從句中,若先行詞指人,為了明確修飾關(guān)系,應(yīng)當(dāng)用who(m)。如:
AnewmasterwillcametomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.
There’sonlyonestudentintheschoolwho/whomIwantedtosee.
Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.
(5)兩個(gè)定語從句同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)指人的先行詞,第二個(gè)定語從句常用who(m)來引導(dǎo),如:
SheistheonlygirlIknowwhocanplaytheguitar.
5.★在限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí),在下列情況中,一般用關(guān)系詞that:
(1)當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。如:
Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
Whichofusthatknowsanythingdoesnotknowthis?
(2)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如:
Heisthegreatestmanthathaseverlived.
(3)當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast等詞所修飾時(shí)。如:
Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.
6.當(dāng)先行詞被thesame所修飾時(shí),關(guān)系詞既可以用as,也可以用that。在表示具體事物時(shí),有時(shí)兩者有一定的區(qū)別。一般說來,表示同一種類多用as,表示同一事物多用that。
如:ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.這就是我昨天用過的那臺(tái)儀器。
ThisisthesameinstrumentasIusedyesterday.這臺(tái)儀器跟我昨天用過的那臺(tái)一樣。
7.當(dāng)先行詞前有such,so,as時(shí),關(guān)系詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用as。如:
Awisemanseldomtalksaboutsuchthingsashedoesn’tunderstand.
HespokeinsucheasyEnglishaseverybodycouldunderstand.
Atthistimeoftheday,allbusesandtrolleyshavetocarryasmanypassengersastheycan.
Itissoeasyabookaseveryschoolboycanread.
Let’sdiscusssuchthingsaswecantalkoffreely.
注意的問題:★★★
1、theonlyoneof+n+定語從句(用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞)
oneof+the+n+定語從句(用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞)
2、such……as引導(dǎo)定語從句與such……that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句
ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand.
ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstandit.
3、當(dāng)situation,condition,stage,point,scenes做先行詞時(shí),用where引導(dǎo)定語從句
4、when的先行詞通常是time,day,season,age,occasion等時(shí)間名詞
Thereareoccasionswhen(=onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
5、where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句的區(qū)別
Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestion.(從句:)
Pleasemakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestion.(從句:)
6、theway做先行詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞的選擇應(yīng)根據(jù)theway在定語從句中所做的成分來決定
Idon’tliketheway_______heistreated
Theway___________youthoughtoftosolvetheproblemisveryuseful
Pleasefindaway_________isthekeytosolvingtheproblem
7、thereason做先行詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞的選擇應(yīng)根據(jù)thereason在定語從句中所做的成分來決定
Thereason_____IwaslatewasthatIwascaughtinatrafficjam
Idon’tbelievethereason_________hegaveforhisbeinglate
8、介詞+which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中介詞的選擇:9.在下列情況下,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。
(1)定語從句的主語是few,little,some,most,many,much等時(shí),一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。
Intheroomarelotsofpeople,manyofwhomIdon’tknow.
Hehasalotofstory-books,afewofwhichIhaveneverread.
(2)定語從句的主語是數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)時(shí),一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如:
Theoldmanhasthreechildren,twoofwhomarecollegestudentsandoneofwhomisamanager.那個(gè)老人有三個(gè)小孩,其中兩個(gè)是大學(xué)生,另一個(gè)是經(jīng)理。
(3)定語從句的主語是all,none,both,neither,each等不定代詞時(shí),一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.
Heplantedtwotreeslastyear,bothofwhicharegrowingwell.
(4)在定語從句中作表語的定語時(shí),一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如:
Hehasthreebrothers,ofwhomLiLeiistheyoungestone.
TherearemanycountriesinAsia,ofwhichChinaisthelargestone.
10、表示部分與整體ofwhich/whom
在非限制性定語從句中,★表示“部分與整體”的關(guān)系時(shí),用…ofwhich/whom或者ofwhich/whom…都可以。表示部分的可以是具體數(shù)目或百分?jǐn)?shù),也可以是few,several,some,half,many,much,most,all,none,either,neither,aquarter,anumber,thelarger,thesmallest,themajority等。
Ourschoolhas80teachers,50ofwhom(=ofwhom50)arewomen.
Hehaslotsofbooks,mostofwhichareEnglishones.
注意這里的ofwhich不能用whose代替,這與表示所屬關(guān)系的ofwhich不同:
Theroomthedoorofwhich(=whosedoor)isbluebelongstome.
11、注意:先行詞雖然是時(shí)間或地點(diǎn),但若在定語從句中作主語或賓語時(shí),要用關(guān)系代詞。
(1)Thefactorywherehisfatherworkedhasclosed.(作狀語)
比較:Thefactorywhich/thatwasbuiltin1978hasclosed.
(2)I’llneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogether.(作狀語)
比較:I’llneverforgetthedays(that)wespentinAustralia.(作及物動(dòng)詞spent的賓語)
(3)Thereason(why)shewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.(作狀語,用關(guān)系副詞)
比較:Thereason(that)hegaveforhisabsencewasobviouslyfabricated.(作gave的賓語,用關(guān)系代詞)
12、★關(guān)系詞的選擇方法
(1)一看先行詞的意義
即分清先行詞是指人、指物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)還是原因,如指物時(shí)不能用who或whom,指人時(shí)通常不用which等。
(2)二看關(guān)系詞的句法功能
即分清關(guān)系詞是擔(dān)任什么句子成分,是作主語還是賓語、是作定語還是狀語等,
如作定語通常用whose,有時(shí)也用which;作狀語要用when,where,why。
注意,不要一看到先行詞為表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞,就認(rèn)為一定要用when,where,why來引導(dǎo)定語從句,要注意分清它們?cè)诙ㄕZ從句充當(dāng)什么成分。如
Iforgetthetimewhenhewillcome.(when引導(dǎo)定語從句,在定語從句中用作狀語)
Iforgetthetimethathetoldme.我忘記了他告訴我的時(shí)間。(that引導(dǎo)定語從句,在定語從句中用作賓語)
Thereasonwhyhecan’tcomeisthatheisill.
他不能來的原因是他病了。(why引導(dǎo)定語從句,在定語從句中用作狀語)
Thereasonthathetoldmeisnottrue.
他告訴我的原因不真實(shí)。(that引導(dǎo)定語從句,在定語從句中用作賓語)
(3)三看定語從句的種類
即分清是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句,如that和why通常不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。注意,不要一看到逗號(hào)就認(rèn)為是非限制性定語從句。如:
Ifyou’vereallysaidthattoher,_______willcauserealtrouble.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.what
此題答案是A,不是B。盡管空格前有逗號(hào),但這并不是非限制性定語從句,所以不能填which。正確的理解是:Ifyou’vereallysaidthattoher是一個(gè)條件狀語從句,逗號(hào)后的句子是主句,空格處填that用作主句主語
12、★關(guān)系代詞做定語從句的主語時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞的形式與先行詞一致。
Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman
13、★定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別的訣竅:
★若將Itiswasthatwho去掉而句中不缺成分,結(jié)構(gòu)完整,說明原句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。若結(jié)構(gòu)不完整,說明原句為定語從句。
Itwasnotuntil1920_______regularradiobroadcastsbegan.
14、定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別:
定語從句50題
1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildrensPalace.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
2.Doyouknowtheman_______?
A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke
3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.
A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed
C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed
4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
5.Thatistheday______Illneverforget.
A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when
6.Thefactory______wellvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.
A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown
C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked
9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?
A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked
C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked
10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.
A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich
11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.
A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that
12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.
A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom
13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?
A.whoB.whosC.whichD.whose
14.Iminterestedin______youhavesaid.
A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which
15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as
16.Heisntsuchaman______heusedtobe.
A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as
17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.
A.thatB.asC.whomD.what
18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.
A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim
19.Idontlike______asyouread.
A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels
20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who
22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.
A.themB.whichC.whomD.who
23.Youretheonlyperson______Iveevermet______coulddoit.
A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who
24.Ilostabook,______Icantremembernow.
A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat
25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.
A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what
26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.
A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when
28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.
A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./
29.Thisisthereason______hedidntcometothemeeting.
A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich
30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.
A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafter
C.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter
31.Thereason______hedidntcomewas______hewasill.
A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what
32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.
A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who
33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.
A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich
34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.
A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich
35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.
A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which
36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it
37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.
A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich
38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as
39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.
A./B.whyC.whenD.whose
40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.
A.thatB.whichC.itD.though
41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?
---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.
A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that
42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwith
thefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which
43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.
A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are
44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.
A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed
45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?
A.thatB./C.whichD.it
46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.
A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that
47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?
A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere
48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.
A.asB.thatC.whatD.who
49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.
A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich
50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.
A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen參考答案及解析
1.A.which用作關(guān)系代詞,在定語從句中作主語。
2.C."和誰講話”要說speaktosb.本題全句應(yīng)為DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是關(guān)系代詞,作介詞to的賓語,可以省略。
3.D.where是關(guān)系副詞,表示地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。
4.C.when是關(guān)系副詞,表示時(shí)間,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。
5.A.which是關(guān)系代詞,在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作賓語。
6.C.解析同第5題。
7.A.解析見第3題。
8.A.本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此,關(guān)系代詞that是負(fù)數(shù)概念,其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動(dòng)語態(tài)havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the,則theone應(yīng)該視為先行詞。
9.A.“談到某事物”應(yīng)說talkaboutsth.。about是介詞,其后要用which作賓語,不能用that。
10.A.withwhich是"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu),常用來引導(dǎo)定語從句.with有"用"的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定語從句中作狀語,即heiswritingwithapen.
11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在從句中作狀語.
12.D.withwhom引導(dǎo)定語從句.withwhom放在從句中即為:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.
13.D.whose引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作主語family的定語.
14.A.that引導(dǎo)定語從句,因?yàn)橄刃性~是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).
15.D.thesame……..as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語.
16.D.such………as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語.
17.B.as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨(dú)用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。這時(shí)as所指代的不是主句中某個(gè)名詞,而往往指代整個(gè)主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后,也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語.
18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定語從句.withwhom放在從句中為:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.
19.C.as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配,其中such和same修飾其后的名詞,as為關(guān)系代詞,指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí),要用sucha……..,本題中suchbooks,such直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.
20.B.things和persons是先行詞.當(dāng)定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時(shí),其關(guān)系代詞要用that.
21.D.who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.
22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.
23.D.先行詞person后有兩個(gè)定語從句,第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因?yàn)?whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略.第二個(gè)從句whocoulddoit.who在從句中作主語,不可省略.
24.A.whosetitle引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,whosetitle也可以說成thetitleofwhich
25.A.forwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句,使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語befamousfor"以……..而聞名".
26.C.當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用as.As在本從句中作主語.
27.A.兩個(gè)先行詞theday都是表示時(shí)間的名詞,但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,因此要用關(guān)系副詞when.第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語,因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句.
28.D.在way、distance、direction等詞后的定語從句中,常用that來代替“in(或其他介詞)+which”、when或where,而that??墒÷?。
29.D.forwhich在定語從句中作原因狀語,可用why來替代.
30.B.whichIhavelookedafter構(gòu)成一個(gè)非限制性定語從句.
31.A.Thereasonwhy…wasthat….已成為一種固定句型,這一句中的why和that不能隨意換位,也不能將that改成because,盡管that這個(gè)詞在譯文中可能有“因?yàn)椤钡暮x。
32.B.非限制性定語從句常用which引導(dǎo),which表示前句話的整個(gè)含義.
33.A.解釋見28題.
34.D.主句中的two表明不能選A.從句中的are表明不能選B.bothofwhich用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句.
35.C.as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配,其中such和same修飾其后的名詞,as為關(guān)系代詞,指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。本題中as作從句的主語.
36.B.非限制性定語從句常用which引導(dǎo),which表示前句話的整個(gè)含義.
37.D.
38.D.解析見35題.
39.A.hemakes是定語從句,從句前省略了關(guān)系代詞that.
40.B.whichisabadhabit非限制性定語從句.
41.A.whathappened是賓語從句.all之后thatheknew是定語從句.先行詞是all,所以關(guān)系代詞只能用that.
42.D.years是表示時(shí)間的名詞,用when引導(dǎo)定語從句,是因?yàn)閣hen在從句中作時(shí)間狀語.第二個(gè)空選用which,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語從句.
43.C.本句話的定語從句是whoowncars.其先行詞是people,因此,定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)的own。本句話主句的主語是Thenumberof指“…..的數(shù)目”,是單數(shù)概念。因此,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用is。
44.D.thatfollowed是定語從句,關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語。
45.A.先行詞gas被only修飾,關(guān)系代詞要用that,而不用which。
46.B.throughwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句,throughwhich即throughthehole,在定語從句中作狀語。What引導(dǎo)的是see的賓語從句,并作從句的主語。
47.B.為便于理解,改寫本句話:ThisistheschoolthatsomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek.不難看出,作表語的theschool是先行詞。that引導(dǎo)了定語從句,因?yàn)閠hat同時(shí)又作visited的賓語,所以被省略了。其它選項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)不對(duì)。
48.A.解釋見35題。
49.C.因?yàn)槭莟woballpens,并且定語從句的謂語writes是單數(shù)概念。因此,C是正確選項(xiàng)。
50.B.本句話中,主句的主語是all,為抽象概念。因此,其謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)的hasbeen。關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句,并在從句中作主語。
高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)考案
2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語考案
專題九名詞性從句
1.Hissuccesswasbecauseof________hehadbeenworkinghard.
A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact
2."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity""Idontknow_______."
A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecome
C.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrom
3.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever
4.ThereasonwhyIdidntgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.
A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgetting
C.IgotD.thatIgot
5.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.
A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
6.Henrykilledthedog.Illaskhimwhy________.
A.didhedothatB.hedidthat
C.hedidD.hehasdoneso
7.HaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow________.
A.howheisgettingalongB.howishegettingalong
C.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettingalong
8.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
9.Heaskedme________withme.
A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwas
C.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitis
10.Iamsure________hesaidistrue.
A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhat
11.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.
A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee
12.Iwonderhowmuch________.
A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcost
C.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcosts
13.Maryis________someonemightrecognizeher.
A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidfor
14.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.
A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.Owingtoafewminuteslate
C.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate
15.Theycametotheconclusion________byacomputer.
A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedone
C.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedone
16.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas____thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.
A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that
17.Idontdoubt________hellcome.
A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether
18."Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang"
"Well,Iforget_______Iwassupposedtogoto."
A.whichtheroomB.whichroom
C.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit
19.Outputisnowsixtimes________itwasbeforeliberation.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhich
20.Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshesnowbuyingabighouse.
Carol:Yes.Becauseshesalwayssaved________.
A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearns
C.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearns
21._______surprisedmemostwas________suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.
A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...which
22.Wegavehim________helpwecould.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this
23.Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimand________youhavetoldhim.
A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthat
24.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________
A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceB.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheld
C.whenisthesportsmeettobeginD.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace
25.Doyouhappentoknow________
A.whatsizeshoeshewearsB.howbigshoeshewears
C.whatisthesizeofhisshoesD.whatnumbershoesarehis
26.Thisbookwillshowyou________canbeusedinothercontexts.
A.howyouhaveobservedB.howwhatyouhaveobserved
C.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved
27.Wheredoyouthink________
A.hashegoneB.hashebeenC.hesgoneD.washe
28.Doyouknow________
A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworld
B.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworld
C.howmanythepopulationoftheworldis
D.whatthepopulationoftheworldis
29.Wouldyougoandsee________outside
A.whattotakeplaceB.whatTomhashappened
C.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeen
30.Thesubjectof"WhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim."is_______.
A.whatB.interestingC.WhatisinterestingD.I
31.________IthinkheisCharles.
A.WhodoyouthinkheisB.Doyouthinkwhoheis
C.WhomdoyouthinkheisD.Doyouthinkwhoheis
32.Hedidntknowwhichroom________.
A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein
33.Thelittleboyate________hismothergavehim.
A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.nomatterwhat
34.Thecityisnolonger________.
A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe
35.Myparentsused________theyhadtogetanewcarforme.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.allwhat
36.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.
A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...does
37.________wastheidea_______thewifethoughtof
A.What...thatB.That...whatC.How...whyD.Why...how
38._______didhetellhiswife________hewishedtodo
A.That...whatB.What...thatC.Where...whichD.Which...where
39.Oneofthemenheldtheview________thebooksaidwasright.
A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat
40.Ihavenoidea________ornothehasfinishedthework.
A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which
41."Doyouknow________""Hisfatherisadoctor."
A.whatishisfatherB.whoishisfather
C.whathisfatherisD.whohisfatheris
42.Isthis________wemeteachothertwoyearsago
A.placeB.placeinwhichC.whereD.placewhich
43.It________Bobdrivesbadly.
A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat
44.Weallknowthetruth___thereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.
A.whereB.whereverC.thatD.thatwherever
45.Theydiscussed________theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothershelp.
A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whether
46.Sheasked________.
A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeup
B.whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeup
C.whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoing
D.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing
47.-MayIborrowthering
-Youcantake_______youlike.
A.nomatterwhatB.whichC.whicheverD.that
48.Hesaidthathewasfondof________.
A.whatbeautifulisB.whatisbeautiful
C.beautifuliswhatD.whatitisbeautiful
49.Heinsistedthathe________ingoodhealthand_______toworkthere.
A.was,besentB.is,issentC.be,wassentD.be,send
50.Doyouknow________heexpectswillgiveusatalk
A.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose
51.Itsuncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.
A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how
52.Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterday_________itwasaholiday.
A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butfor
53.________istodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.
A.WhicheverishardB.Nomatterwhatishard
C.WhatishardD.Allwhatishard
54.________theboydidnttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.
A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which
55.Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestion________forawalkinthepark.
A.wegoB.wewillgoC.shouldwegoD.thatwego
56.____wecantgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.
A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what
57.____youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
58.Youcantimagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
59.____wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
60________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.
A.What…thatB.That…whatC.Why…thatD.If…what
61._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.
A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who
62._______wellfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.
A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That
63._______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrowsmeeting.
A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What
64._______hewontgothereiscleartoallofus.
A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This
65._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.
A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether
66._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody
67._______teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.
A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How
68.Threedayslater,wordcame________ourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.
A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where
69.Theproblemis________willgotothemeeting.
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.who
70.Itlooks_______itweregoingtorain.
A.evenifB.asifC.eventhoughD.like
71.Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.
A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how
72.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.
A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why
73.Wethought_______strangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.
A.thatB.itC.thisD.what
74.Thefact_______shehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how
75.WhatImconsideringnow_________themoneyweneed.
A.isB.areC.wereD.was
76.Canyoutellme__________
A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswho
C.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman
77.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
78.Itiswellknown_________apersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.
A.thatwhatB.thatC.whatD.how
79.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such
80.Jackwassoontold________hedidwasnotnecessary.
A.whyB.thatC.howD.whywhat
81.Weshouldthinkcarefullyabout________Mr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.X
82.Canyoupointout________tworadiosarethebest
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether
83.Youwilleasilyknow________videorecordersarethesame.
A.whatthoseB.thatofthoseC.thatallofD.whichofthose
84.________youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesntmatter.
A.IfB.WhetherC.WhatD.When
85.IaskedherinEnglish________shewas,andshetoldme________shewasanactress.
A.who…thatB.who…XC.what…XD.how…that
86.Shetookitforgranted________Idbebackhomeanhourago.
A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when
87.Wethinkitpossible________thelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvethehousingproblem.
A.forB.thatC.whenD.how
88.Nowthereisadanger________thegroundmayfallinundertheheavytraffic.
A.whetherB.ifC.XD.that
89.AtthattimeIhadnoidea________Icouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.
A.ifB.howC.whichD.thathow
90.LastSundayhepromised________today,buthehasntappearedyet.
A.thathewouldcomeB.thathewillcome
C.hewillcometoseemeD.whetherhewouldcome
91.LastSundayhemadeapromise________hewasfreehewouldtakemetoQingdao.
A.ifB.thatC.thatifD.whether
92.Doyouhaveanyidea________
A.whenMissSmithwillarriveB.whenwillMissSmitharrive
C.howwillMissSmitharriveD.whyhasntMissSmitharrived
93.Ihavealmostforgotten________.
A.howMr.TaylorslikeB.whatMr.Taylorsfaceislike
C.whatMr.TaylorsfaceisD.whichMr.Taylorsfaceislike
94.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin________,but________.
A.howyouget…thatyougiveB.whichyougotwhatyougive
C.whatyouget…whatyougiveD.whatdoyouget…whatdoyougive
95.Doyouknow________
A.whatisthisusedforB.whatthisisusedfor
C.whichthisisusedD.thatthisisusedfor
96.________surprisedmemostwas________.
A.That…thatshespokeJapanesesowell
B.What…h(huán)owcouldshespeakJapanesesowell
C.What…thatshespokeJapanesesowell
D.That…whyshecouldspeakJapanesesowell
97.________istodance.
A.ThatinterestsMaryreallyB.WhichreallyinterestsMary.
C.WhatreallyinterestsMaryD.WhatreallyinterestMary
98.Weweregreatlyamusedby________.
A.whatyouhavetoldusB.whichyouhadtoldus
C.whatyoutoldusD.thatyoutoldus
99.Thesecomputersaredifferentfrom________.
A.thatweexpectedB.whatweexpected
C.whichwehaveexpectedD.whatweexpect
100.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.
A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpected
C.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected
參考答案:1-5.CDCDB6-10.BABCD11-15.ADCCA16-20.DABCA21-25.BBDDA26-30.BCDCC
31-35.ABCDC36-40.DABBC41-45.CCDDD46-50.ACBAA51-55.CCCAD56-60.ACBBA
61-65DABCD66-70CACDB71-75CBBCA76-80CCCCD81-85BADBC86-90ABDBA
91-95CABCB96-100CCCBD
高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)10情景交際
一名優(yōu)秀的教師在教學(xué)方面無論做什么事都有計(jì)劃和準(zhǔn)備,高中教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案,這是每個(gè)高中教師都不可缺少的。教案可以保證學(xué)生們?cè)谏险n時(shí)能夠更好的聽課,幫助高中教師營造一個(gè)良好的教學(xué)氛圍。寫好一份優(yōu)質(zhì)的高中教案要怎么做呢?以下是小編為大家精心整理的“高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)10情景交際”,希望對(duì)您的工作和生活有所幫助。
情景交際
1.日常交際應(yīng)答語
①應(yīng)答對(duì)方的感謝;
②應(yīng)答對(duì)方的道歉;
③應(yīng)答對(duì)方的勸告和建議;
④應(yīng)答對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求;
⑤應(yīng)答對(duì)方的要求;
⑥應(yīng)答對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng);
⑦應(yīng)答對(duì)方的祝愿、祝賀;
⑧應(yīng)答對(duì)方的鼓勵(lì)和贊揚(yáng);
⑨應(yīng)答對(duì)方的幫助。
2.情感態(tài)度的表達(dá)
①表示驚奇;
②表示同情;
③表示安慰;
④表示鼓勵(lì);
⑤表示同意;
⑥表示不同意;
⑦表示不在乎。
3.日常交際問答
①問候;
②問時(shí)間、日期;
③打電話;
④購物;
⑤問路。
4.幾個(gè)常考的交際用語
①Italldepends!(視情況而定);
②whatif(倘若......會(huì)怎么樣);
③Whatfor?(做什么用,為什么);
④Sowhat?(那又怎么樣);
⑤Gotit!(明白了);
⑥Takeyourtime.(別著急);
⑦Takeiteasy.(放松點(diǎn));
⑧It’supto…(由……決定)。
I.日常交際應(yīng)答語
1.感謝與應(yīng)答
感謝
Thankyouverymuch.
Thanksalot.
Manythanks.
應(yīng)答
Thatsallright.
Thanksforhelpingme.
Yourewelcome.
ThatsOK.
Notatall.
It’smypleausre.
Don’tmentionit.
It’snothing.
Thinknothingofit.
Forgetit.
2.道歉與應(yīng)答
道歉
Imsorry.
Imsorrytotroubleyou.
I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.
應(yīng)答
Itdoesntmatter.
Itsnotimportant.
Thats/It’snothing.
Notatall.
Nevermind.
That’sallright.
Forgetit.
That’sOK.
Noproblem.
Nottoworry.
3.勸告、建議與應(yīng)答
勸告和建議
Ithinkyououghtto…我想你應(yīng)該……
IfIwereyou,I’d…如果我是你,我會(huì)……
Itmightbeagoodideaifyou…如果你……這倒是個(gè)好主意。
Haveyoueverthoughtof…?你是否想過要……?
Irecommendthat……我建議……
Istronglyadviseyouto……我極力主張你……
Youreallyoughtto……你的確應(yīng)該……
Personally,Ithinkyou’dbetter……依我看,你最好……
Whynotdo……?為什么不……?
Whydon’tyoudo……?你為什么不……?
Isuggestthat……我建議……
Whataboutdoing……?……怎么樣?
Howaboutdoing……?……怎么樣?
Shallwe……?我們?nèi)ァ脝幔?br>
Let’s……,shallwe?讓我們?nèi)ァ脝幔?br>
Youneed(to)……你需要……
應(yīng)答
肯定的:
Goodidea.
That’sgreat.
Soundsgreat.
Itsoundsgreat.
That’sfine.
Whynot?
否定的:
I’dloveto,but…
I’mafraid…
It’sanidea,but…
4.請(qǐng)求與應(yīng)答
請(qǐng)求
MayI...?
CanI?
CouldI...?
DoyoumindifI…
應(yīng)答
肯定的:
Withpleasure.
Certainly(Ofcourse)
Sure,goahead.
Yes,helpyourself.
OfCoursenot,goahead(回答DoyoumindifI…的請(qǐng)求)
否定的:
I’mafraidnot.
Betternot.
I’dratheryoudidn’t.
5.應(yīng)答對(duì)方的要求
肯定的:
Allright.
Iwill.
否定的:
Noway.
Forgetit.
—Doremembertocallmeupwhenyouarrive.—Iwill.
—IthinkyoushouldphoneJennyandsaysorrytoher.—Noway.Itwasherfault.
6.邀請(qǐng)與應(yīng)答
邀請(qǐng)
Wouldyouliketo…?
Whydon’twe…?
應(yīng)答
肯定的:
Thatwouldbefine.
Tha’sverykindofyou.
Allright.
Yes,I’dloveto.
否定的:
I’dloveto,but…
Sorry,Ican’t.
I’mafraidIcan’t.
7.祝愿、祝賀與應(yīng)答
祝愿、祝賀
Goodluck!
Bestwishestoyou.
Haveanice/goodtime/journey.
Congratulations!
HappyNewYear!
MerryChristmas!
Happybirthdaytoyou.
應(yīng)答
Thankyou!
Thesametoyou.
You,too.
—HappyNewYear!(MerryChristmas!)
—Thesametoyou.(You,too.)
8.鼓勵(lì)、贊揚(yáng)與應(yīng)答
鼓勵(lì)、贊揚(yáng)
Verygood.
Welldone.
Wonderful.
Excellent.
Comeon.
Keeptrying.
Youcandoit.
應(yīng)答
Thankyou.
OK.
I’lltryitagain.
9.提供幫助與應(yīng)答
主動(dòng)提供幫助時(shí):
CanIhelpyou?
WhatcanIdoforyou
Wouldyoulikemetohelpyou?
Doyouwantmeto…
Letme…
需要?jiǎng)e人幫助時(shí):
Yes,please
ThankyouforyourhelpThanks.
不需要?jiǎng)e人幫助時(shí):
No,thankyouthankyouallthesame.
That’sverykindofyou,but…
II.情感態(tài)度的表達(dá)
1.表示驚奇
Really?
Howcome?(何以會(huì)……?為什么)
Whatasurprise!
Oh,dear!
Goodheavens!
2.表示同情
I’msorrytohearthat.
Don’tworry.
Whatapity!
That’sreallyunlucky.
Badluck.
Justmyluck.
3.表示安慰
Don’tworry.
Don’tbeafraid.
Takeyourtime.
Takeiteasy.
Makeyourselfathome.
It’squiteallright.
It’llbeOK.
4.表示鼓勵(lì)
Comeon.
Cheerup.
Youcandoit.
Youwillmakeit.
5.表示同意
Iquiteagree.
Icouldn’tagreemore.
Exactly.
Certainly.
Absolutely.
Ofcourse.
Allright.
That’sagoodidea.
Noproblem.
Ithinkso.
6.表示不同意
Notreally.
NotExactly.
Idon’tquiteagree.
Idon’tthinkso.
I’mafraidnot.
It’shardtosay.
Well,that’sdepend.
Noway.
Ofcoursenot.
7.表示不在乎
Sowhat?
Whocares?
III.日常交際問答
1.問候
①A:Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.
Hello/Hi.
Howdoyoudo?
Nicetomeetyou.
B:答語與問候語相同。
②A:Howareyou?
B:Fine,thankyou.Andyou?
A:Verywell,thankyou.
2.問時(shí)間、日期
A:Whatdayisit?B:ItsMonday.
A:Whatsthedate?B:ItsJan.10th.
A:Whatsthetime,please?B:Itsfiveoclock/halfpastfive...Itstimeto...
3.打電話
Thisis…(speaking).我是……(不說Iam…)
Itis…h(huán)ere.我是……
MayIspeakto…,please?請(qǐng)找……接電話好嗎?
CanIspeakto…,please?請(qǐng)找……接電話好嗎?
CouldIspeakto…,please?請(qǐng)找……接電話好嗎?
I’dliketospeakto…,please.請(qǐng)找……接電話好嗎?
Who’sthat(speaking/calling)?你是誰?(不說Whoareyou?)
Isthat…(speaking)?你是……嗎?
Is…there?……在嗎?
Is…in?……在嗎?
Holdon,please.請(qǐng)稍等。
Holdtheline,please.請(qǐng)稍等。
CanItakeamessage?你可以留個(gè)口信嗎?(對(duì)方要找的人不在時(shí))
Canyougive/leaveamessage?你可以留個(gè)口信嗎?(對(duì)方要找的人不在時(shí))
Can/CouldIaskwhoiscalling?請(qǐng)問您是哪位?
MayIhaveyourtelephonenumber?您的電話號(hào)碼是多少?
4.購物
WhatcanIdoforyou?您要買點(diǎn)什么?
CanIhelpyou? 您要買點(diǎn)什么?
What’sthepriceof…?……的價(jià)錢是多少?
Howmuchis…?……多少錢?
It’swellworththemoney.很合算。
Haveyougotanythingalittlecheaper?有沒有比這便宜點(diǎn)的?
Howmuchdoesitcometo?總共多少錢?
Howmuchisitaltogether?總共多少錢?
Tryitforsize.試試大小。
Willyoushowme…?請(qǐng)拿給我看……?
Haveyougotany…?你們有……嗎?
It’sabittoolarge(small,plain.gaudyetc.)forme.
這對(duì)于我來說太大(太小,太素,太花哨等)了。
That’sfine.I’lltakeit.那好,我買了。
That’stooexpensive,I’mafraid.恐怕那太貴了。
Whatcolourdoyouwant?你要什么顏色?
Whatsizedoyouwant?你要什么尺寸的?
Doyouhaveanyotherkind?你們有別的種類嗎?
5.問路
Excuseme.Where’s…?勞駕,……在什么地方?
Excuseme.Canyoutellmethewayto…?勞駕,你能告訴我去……的路嗎?
HowcanIgetto…?我怎樣去……?
Godownthisstreet.順著這條街走。
Turnrightatthefirstcrossing.在第一個(gè)十字路口向右拐。
Turnleftatthesecondcrossing.在第二個(gè)十字路口向左拐。
It’sabout…metresfromhere.離這里大約有……米。
It’sonlyaten-minutewalkfromhere.走十分鐘就到了。
Gostraightaheadtillyousee…一直往前走直到你看見……
IV.建議和提醒
交際用語要注意中西方的差異,這點(diǎn)非常重要,往往考生失分就在于忽視了中西方文化上的差異。交際用語的不僅在單選里考查,聽力里也有所涉及。所以,平時(shí)做聽力時(shí)也可以積累交際上的回答,注意體味情景的含義。交際用語的復(fù)習(xí)不要刻意投入太多的時(shí)間,把平時(shí)該掌握的掌握好就可以了!
根據(jù)大綱的要求,我們考生所要熟悉的功能意念部分包括:問候,介紹,告別,感謝和應(yīng)答,祝愿、祝賀和應(yīng)答,邀請(qǐng)和應(yīng)答,提供(幫助等)和應(yīng)答,約會(huì),意原和希望,請(qǐng)求、允許和應(yīng)答;同意和不同意,喜好和厭惡,決斷和堅(jiān)持,判斷和意見,職責(zé),能力,偏愛,責(zé)備和抱怨,肯定和不肯定,禁止和警告,可能和不可能,預(yù)見、猜測和相信,請(qǐng)求,勸告和建議,許諾,提醒,表示焦慮,表示驚奇,表示喜悅等三十余項(xiàng)。
以及所要熟悉的情景場所部分的對(duì)話:包括談?wù)撎鞖猓徫?,問路和?yīng)答,問時(shí)間、日期和應(yīng)答,就餐,打電話,傳遞信息,看病,求救,語言困難,標(biāo)志和說明等十余項(xiàng)。
同時(shí)解題時(shí)要做到“四忌”
一忌上詞下用
上詞下用指的是答句部分延用了題干句子的重點(diǎn)詞、信息詞,按表層意思似乎合情合理,但往往為錯(cuò)誤的“虛像”,需經(jīng)進(jìn)一步分析后才能確定正確選項(xiàng)。典型的例子如用“Idon’t”應(yīng)答“Don’tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow”,用“Don’tbesorry”回答“I’msorryIbrokeyourmirror”,以及用“Nothanks”回答“Thankyoueversomuchforthebookyousentme.”避免“上詞下用”的誤區(qū),一是確認(rèn)題目涉及的交際功能項(xiàng)目,二是確認(rèn)句子上下文語境,三是確認(rèn)正確的話語方式。請(qǐng)看下例:
—IwonderifIcoulduseyourtelephone.
—________.
A.IwonderhowB.Idon’twonderC.Sorry,it’soutoforderD.Nowonder,hereitis
解析:盡管該題中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)“wonder”一詞,但通過仔細(xì)審題可確定其考查的功能項(xiàng)目為征求對(duì)方意見,問句相當(dāng)于“CouldIuseyourtelephone?”綜合語境和話題的分析,正確的答話方式一般為“Ofcourseyoucan”(肯定)或“Sorry,youcan’t”(否定),也只有C項(xiàng)符合題意,A、B、D項(xiàng)均屬典型的“上詞下用”現(xiàn)象,而且D項(xiàng)中的“Nowonder”意思為“難怪”,更是和題干內(nèi)容相差甚遠(yuǎn)。?
二忌中文思維
與上詞下用比較,這一誤區(qū)更具迷惑力,因?yàn)闊o論按題目內(nèi)容或是按思維方式來考慮,都非常符合中國學(xué)生的習(xí)慣。顯然,掌握英漢兩種語言和文化之間的相同和相異之處,對(duì)于準(zhǔn)確解題至關(guān)重要??忌忸}失誤之一是按漢語的表達(dá)方式和結(jié)構(gòu)去套英語,去選答案,這屬于語言知識(shí)的“負(fù)遷移”。請(qǐng)看下例:
—Doyouthinkit’sgoingtorainovertheweekend?
—________.
A.Idon’tbelieveB.Idon’tbelieveitC.IbelievenotsoD.Ibelievenot
解析:以Doyouthink…?這樣的句子來提問,用D項(xiàng)來回答表示否定,顯然不符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,這也正是許多考生選了A、B、C項(xiàng)的原因。另一個(gè)更常見的失誤是套用中國文化模式。違背英語國家的思維方式和文化習(xí)俗,這屬于文化方面的“負(fù)遷移”。
三忌直接回絕
這主要是指在對(duì)方要求得到幫助,提出請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)時(shí),回答過于直接,不夠委婉,盡管從語義角度分析是沒毛病的,但不符合英語國家的交際習(xí)慣?!罢?qǐng)求”方面的問話有MayI…?/CanI…?/IwonderifIcould…/DoyoumindifI…?等,“邀請(qǐng)”方面的問話有Willyou…?/Wouldyouliketo…?/I’dliketoinviteto…等。在作否定回答時(shí),為了表示禮貌和委婉,通常要用一些委婉詞,如but,I’mafraid,I’msorry,thanks,please,hadbetter等。請(qǐng)看下例:
—Ididn’tknowthiswasaone-waystreet,officer.
—________?
A.That’sallright.B.Idon’tbelieveyou.C.Howdareyousaythat?D.Sorry,butthat’snoexcuse.?
解析:許多考生有可能選B、C項(xiàng),這是沒有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必要禮節(jié),答話時(shí)過于生硬,沒有顧及他人感情,而正確答案D項(xiàng)正是在充分考慮到說話雙方的身份,彼此之間的關(guān)系以及說話人的立場和態(tài)度的基礎(chǔ)上做出的選擇。
四忌答非所問
應(yīng)該說答非所問的錯(cuò)誤比較容易察覺,如果問話與答話的內(nèi)容風(fēng)牛馬不相及的話,考生可以迅速排除。但有時(shí)雙方會(huì)話內(nèi)容有所關(guān)聯(lián),但仔細(xì)推敲發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)答語并不切題。最典型的例子是Withpleasure和It’sapleasure。前者一般在事前回答,表示“非常愿意”。后者一般在事后回答,表示“不用客氣”。請(qǐng)看下例:
—Sorry,Icouldntcometotheparty.Iwassickthatday.
—_________.
A.IdontknowthatB.ThatsallrightC.Yes,wellhaveanotherpartyD.No,thepartywasntheld
解析:A、C和D三項(xiàng)均明顯地答非所問,與問句無關(guān);只有D項(xiàng)能夠作出直接的答復(fù)。
1.—Thisfreegiftdoesntlookgood.
—_____________,madam,butifyouwantgoodquality,youhavetopayforit.
A.NoproblemB.NodoubtC.NooffenceD.Noway
2.—Wasyesterday’spartyagreatsuccess?
—______.Tom,whoisagoodmixer,didn’tshowup.
A.NotsurprisinglyB.NotnecessarilyC.NotexactlyD.Notreally
3.——CanIgetyouacupofcoffee?
——___________.
A.Withpleasure.B.Youcanplease.C.That’sveryniceofyou.D.Thankyouforthecoffee.
4.—I’msoanxiousaboutmydrivingtesttomorrow.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomeadvice?
—____.I’msureyouaregoodenoughtopassit.Beconfidentofyourself.
A.AbsolutelyB.TakeiteasyC.YouarerightD.Notreally
5.—Youshouldn’thavetakenpicturesbeforethecarvedstones.
—___________.
A.PardonmeB.Yes,IwillC.NevermindD.Don’tmentionit
6.—PleasetellBrucehehaswonthefirstprizeinthemathscontest.
—________!Heneverdidsowellbefore.
A.CongratulationsB.GoodluckC.That’srightD.Whatagoodsurprise
7.—Tom,Igotastrangecallthismorning,sayingIhadwonanexpensivecar,whichpuzzledme.
—___________
A.Congratulations.B.Youarealuckydog.C.Forgetit.It’stooexpensive.D.Perhapsit’satrick
8.—Don’tyouagreewithwhathesaid?
—Yes,!Itcan’tbe.
A.approximately;betterB.absolutely;betterC.relatively;worseD.fortunately;worse
9.—I’dliketoinviteyoutomynewhousethisSunday.
—________.
A.Oh,no.Let’snotB.I’mverysorry,butIhaveotherplans
C.I’dratherstayathomeD.Oh,no.That’llbetoomuchtrouble
10.—Sorry,Peter.I’mafraidthatIcan’tgotothecrosstalkshowbyGuoDegangwithyou.
—!Whoknowswhenhewillcomeherenexttime?
A.TakeiteasyB.WhatashameC.Itdoesn’tmatterD.Doasyoulike
11.—Doyoumindmysmokinghere?
—__________!
A.No,thanksB.No.GoodideaC.Yes,pleaseD.Yes.Betternot
12.—Tom,wouldyouliketocometoourdinnerparty?
—_____.
A.Yes,IwouldB.Sure,it’smypleasureC.No,Ican’tcomeD.Yes,withpleasure
13.—MynameisJackSmith.________
—Hi!I’mJackson.
A.Howdoyoudo?B.Nicetomeetyouagain.
C.Howaboutyou?D.Howareyou?
14.—Hergrandpapassedawayyesterday.
—______.
A.Howdoyoulikeit?B.Hewasakindman.C.Sorrytohearthat.D.Whatshallwedo?
15.—ShallwegotherenextSunday?
—________?
—Toseethefootballmatch.
A.WhatwithB.WhatbyC.WhatforD.Whaton
16.—IsthereanythingIcandoforyou,sir?
—_____.
A.Perhaps.GoaheadB.No.Takeyourtime
C.Yes.YourewelcomeD.Notnow.Thanksanyway
17.—Sorry,Icantgocampingwithyou.Ihavetopreparewellenoughfortheentrance-exam.
—________!Wecancamptogethernexttime.
A.DontsaysoB.CongratulationsC.GoodluckD.Noproblem
18.—I’mgoingtotraveltoSydney.Wouldyoupleasetellmeaboutyourexperiencesthere?
—________.Let’sdiscussitoverlunch.
A.GoaheadB.ItjustdependsC.That’swonderfulD.Byallmeans
19.—ShallIbeginthelecture?
—I’mafraidwehavetowaitforawhile.Johniscomingwithamicrophone.
—.Icandowithoutthemicrophone.
A.I’msorryB.ExcusemeC.IbegyourpardonD.Nevermind
20.—Willhebebackbytentonight?
—No,_____.
A.IthinknotsoB.I’mnotafraidC.I’mafraidnotD.Idon’thopeso
21.—Tom,youaresmokingagain?
—______?It’snoneofyourbusiness.
A.SowhatB.HowcomeC.WhynotD.Whatfor
22.—Youmustobeyeverywordofmine!
一______Idon’t?
A.HowaboutB.WhatifC.SowhatD.whatabout
23.—Doremembertochargethebattery12hourswhenyoufirstuseit.
—.
A.MadeitB.GotitC.UnderstooditD.Rememberedit
24.—Whatkindofdancingdoyoulike?
—____________.Ifit’srockmusicI’lldodisco,andifit’sromanticmusicI’lldoballet.
A.pardonB.Ican’ttellyouC.ItalldependsD.Notexactly
25.—DoyouthinkIshouldjointhesinginggroup,Mary?
—_____.IfIwereinyourshoes,Icertainlywould.
A.NoneofyourbusinessB.ItdependsC.WhynotD.Idon’tthinkso
26.—Isthereanythingwrongwithmyheart?
—Nothingserious.____________.
A.Takeiteasy.B.CheerupC.NowayD.Whatapity
27.—Excuseme,couldyoupleasesparemeafewminutestoexplainthis?
—Sorry,butImustgotoameetingnow.
—_______________.
A.ThanksalotB.WhatapityC.IamsorrytohearthatD.Thanksanyway
28.—WhoseadvicedoyouthinkIshouldfollow?
—___________.
A.NoproblemB.ComeonC.It’suptoyouD.Well,that’slife
29.—Canyouturndowntheradio,please?
—________.
A.Oh,IknowB.Imsorry;Ididntrealizeitwasthatloud
C.Illkeepitdownnexttime.D.Pleaseforgiveme
30.—I’mnotgoodatbasketball,youknow.
—_______We’replayingforfun.Justtryandyou’llseeyoucandoit.
A.Well,itdepends.B.Takeyourtime.C.Comeon!D.That’sOK.
31.—ShallIgiveyouahandwiththisasyouaresobusynow?
—Thankyou._______.
A.OfcourseyoucanB.IfyoulikeC.It’suptoyouD.Itcouldn’tbebetter
32.—Ican’tfinishthepaperuntiltomorrow,I’mafraid.
—That’sOK,there’s______.
A.noproblemB.nohurryC.nodoubtD.nowonder
33.—Wouldyoulikeanothercupoftea?
—Thanks,.
A.butwhynotB.butI’drathernotC.andI’dlikenotD.andI’drathernot
34.—I’mafraidIcan’tfinishthebookwithinthisweek.
—-_______.
A.PleasegoaheadB.That’srightC.NotatallD.Takeyourtime
35.—Imnotgoodatsinging,youknow.
—Itsjustforfun.
A.Noproblem.B.Comeon!C.Whatapity!D.Cheerup.
36.—MichaelwaslateforMr.Smith’soralclassthismorning.
—_____?AsfarasIknow,henevercamelatetoclass.
A.HowcomeB.SowhatC.WhynotD.Whatfor
37.—Hi,MrYu,Iwanttobuyapen,butIhappentohavenomoneywithme.Couldyoulendmesome?
—__________.
A.That’sfineB.NothingseriousC.NevermindD.Noproblem
38.—Couldyoupleasetellmetheanswertothisquestion?
—_______________!Itisnotmystyletohelppeoplecheat.
A.NoproblemB.NowayC.NotatallD.Nodoubt
39.—Let’sgohikingthisafternoon,Ok?
—__________
A.Notatall.B.Nevermind.C.Whynot?D.Whatofit?
40.—Thetoastbreadisreallydelicious.CanIhaveasecondpiece?
—_________.
A.BehaveyourselfB.HelpyourselfC.DoityourselfD.Goaheadifyoudon’tmind
41.—Whydon’tyoutakeataxithere?It’llsaveyoualotoftime.
—_________.
A.Thankyouanyway!B.Yes,let’s.C.Goodidea!D.That’sallright.
42.—TheWHOexpertpointsoutthattheH1N1fluremainsaconstantthreattothehealthstateofthewholeworld.
—.It’sreallyaseriousproblemfacingus.
A.Sorry,butIcantB.No,IagreewithyouC.ItsoundsagoodideaD.Ican’tagreemore
43.—Iwaslateforworkthismorning.
—_________Youstartedearly,didn’tyou?
A.Whynot?B.Sowhat?C.Howcome?D.Nevermind..
44.—ShallIbeginthelecture?
-Iafraidwehavetowaitforawhile.Johniscomingwithamicrophone.
-.Icandowithoutthemicrophone.
A.ImsorryB.ExcusemeC.IbegyourpardonD.Nevermind
45.—Howareyougettingonwithyourwork?—.
A.ThankyouB.Fine,thankyouC.Quitewell,thankyouD.Whydoyouaskso?
46.—Shallwegooutforadrinktonight?—______.
A.YouarerightB.ItmustbefunnyC.ThatsoundsgreatD.Haveanicetime.
47.—WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?
—______.Infact,Iwasgoingtosuggestyou____it.
A.Yes;notdidB.Notatall;doC.Moreorless;didD.Ofcourse;do
48.—Thankyouverymuchforhelpingmeoutoftrouble,Bob.
—____________.
A.WithpleasureB.Don’tmentionitC.That’srightD.Ihopeso
49.—CanItakeaweek’sholiday,Sir?
—_________;wearetoobusyatpresent.
A.Don’tworryB.Don’tmentionitC.ForgetitD.Noproblem
50.—Don’tinterruptmewhileI’mexplainingtheproblemstoyou.
—______.
A.Allright,goaheadB.It’smypleasureC.Ofcourse,withpleasureD.Notatall
1-5CDCBA6-10DDBBB11-15DDACC16-20DCDDC21-25ABBCC
26-30ADCBC31-35DBBDB36-40ADBCB41-45CDCDC46-50CBBCA
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