高中非謂語動詞教案
發(fā)表時間:2021-01-05高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語考案:非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語考案:非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1.I’mthirsty.Willyougetmesomething____?
A.drinkB.todrinkC.eatD.eating
2.Howlongdidyouspend____yournewhouseyesterday?
A.todecorateB.decorateC.decoratingD.decorated
3.Itwasgreatfun_____apicniconthehill.
A.tohaveB.ofhavingC.haveD.had
4.----Lily,keepthewindow____.Thesandstormhasn’tstoppedyet.----OK,I’lldothat.
A.closeB.closedC.openD.opened
5.Apolicemansawtwothieves____agirl’smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.
A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolen
6.It’sbadforyoureyes____computergamesforalongtime.
A.playsB.toplayC.playD.played
7.Thescientistsuggested____theexperimentinadifferentway.
A.doB.todoC.doingD.done
8.--DoyouoftenhearJohn___inhisroom?--Yes.Listen!Nowwecanhearhim___inhisroom.
A.sing;tosingB.singing;singingC.sing;singingD.tosing;singing
9.Theheadmaster’swordsarequite_____.
A.encouragedB.encouragementC.encouragingD.encourage
10.Whynot____?
A.lethimtogohomeB.tolethimgohome
C.lethimgohomeD.tolethimtogohome
11.Theyweremade____fourteenhoursaday.
A.workB.workingC.workedD.towork
12.Isitalwayseasier____friendsthantokeepthem?
A.makingB.makeC.tomakeD.made
13.Hestoodtherefortwohours____thegame.
A.watchedB.watchingC.iswatchingD.waswatching
14.It____Jacktwentyminutes____themathproblemyesterday.
A.took;toworkoutB.takes;workedout
C.hastaken;workoutD.istaking;workingout
15.Whenyouleave,don’tforget____offthelight.
A.toturnB.turningC.turnD.turned
16.Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike____?
A.tomakefriendsB.makefriendsC.tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswith
17.AlthoughJefflovesKFC,hetries____ittoooften.
A.toeatB.noteatC.tonoteatD.nottoeat
18.--Hi,Betty.ShallwegoswimmingthisSunday?
--ThisSunday?Iamsorry,Ihavealotofhomework____thisSunday.
A.todoB.doneC.doD.tobedone
19.Sallyhadnopen____yesterdaymorning.
A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith
20.JohnaskedDavidhow____Christmas.
A.celebratingB.tocelebrateC.tobecelebratedD.celebrate
21.--Excuseme,sir.Lookatthesignonthewall“NO____”.
--Oh,I’msorry.I’llneverdoitagain.
A.PARKEDB.SMOKEC.SPITTINGD.SMOKED
22.----Boysandgirls,willyouplease____theparkthisafternoon?----OK.
A.notcleaningoutB.nottocleanoutC.tocleanupD.cleanup
23.Doyoupractice______Englisheverymorning?
A.speakB.tospeakC.speakingD.spoken
24.TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom____theearthaway.
A.blowB.blowingC.blewD.toblow
25.WeallconsideredMrZhao____teacher.
A.bethebestB.tobethebestC.beingbestD.beingthebest
26.Mysisterusedtobefondof____tabletennis.
A.playB.playedC.playingD.toplay
27.Howabout____?
A.togooutforawalkB.goswimmingintheriver
C.visitingthesickchildreninthehospitalD.tohavinglunchintherestaurant
28.It’sverykind____youto____me____theheavybag.
A.for;tell;totakeB.of;thank;forC.to;speak;tohaveD.of;help;carry
29.Haveyoudecided____?
A.togowithwhomB.whomtogowithC.whomgowithD.withwhomtogo
30.Herhope____agoldmedalinthe2008OlympicGames.
A.towinB.istowinC.winningD.willwin
31.Themeetingroomisbigenough____onehundredpeople.
A.holdingB.holdC.toholdD.holds
32.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife____?
A.tocutthewatermelonwithB.tocutthewatermelon
C.cuttingthewatermelonD.cuttingthewatermelonwith
33.Itisbettertoteachamantofishthan____himfish.
A.givingB.togiveC.givesD.gave
34.Jennyisinterestedin____inherfreetime.
A.listenedtotheradioB.readingmagazines
C.watchTVD.playstennis
35.Thepolicemanwarnedtheyoungman____afterdrinking.
A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive
36.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestway____thewildanimals?
A.protectingB.toprotectC.protectedD.protect
37.I’drather____ontheland____inafactory.
A.work;thanworkB.work;workC.towork;thantoworkD.towork;towork
38.Mygrandfatherisused____ahatinwinter.
A.towearB.forwearingC.wearingD.towearing
39.Sheis____withhermotherthisafternoon.
A.goingtoshoppingB.goingshoppingC.goingtobeshoppingD.gotoshop
40.Theresultofthegameis____.
A.frustrateB.frustratingC.frustratedD.frustrates
41.I’msorry____youenoughhelp.
A.havegivenB.ofnotgivingC.nottohavegivenD.tohavegiven
42.Herbrotherwas____atherwords.
A.annoyB.annoyingC.annoyedD.beingannoying
43.Aftertheearthquake,almostallthewindowsare____.
A.breakB.brokeC.brokenD.breaking
44.Theyarelookingforwardto____allovertheworld.
A.travelB.traveledC.travelingD.betraveled
45.Wouldyoumind____becausethere’resomanychildren____here?
A.smoke;playB.smoking;playing
C.notsmoking;playD.notsmoking;playing
46.SomestudentsfromGrade9____dosome____fortheold.
A.volunteeredto;cleanB.volunteered;cleaning
C.volunteeredto;cleaningD.volunteered;clean
47.____Englishismucheasierthanspeakingit.
A.ReadB.ToreadC.ReadingD.Reads
48.Theyoungmanwasoftenseen____bythelake.
A.todrawB.todrawingC.drawD.drew
49.Whenhewasintheoffice,hepreferred____something____nothing.
A.todo;thandoB.todo;ratherthan
C.doing;ratherthandoingD.doing;todoing
50.It’stoohottoday.Whynot____yourcoat?
A.takenoffB.totakeoffC.takeoffD.takingoff
51.Whenhewasaboy,heusedtogothereandwatch_____.
A.torepairbicyclesB.bicyclestoberepaired
C.bicyclesbeingrepairedD.repairingbicycles
52.---Haveyouconsidered_____yourjobasateacher?
---Yes.Ilikethejobbecauseateacherisoftenconsidered_____agardener.
A.tochange;tobeB.tochange;being
C.changing;beingD.changing;tobe
53.Thedog,_____,willbemadeagoodwatchdog.
A.totrainproperlyB.beingtrainedproperly
C.properlytotrainD.trainedproperly
54._____thediamond,hehadtolookforaplacetohideit.
A.HavingstolenB.HavingbeenstolenC.StolenD.Stealing
55.___thefrontdoor___,hehadtoentertheroomthroughthebackdoor.
A.Seen;paintedB.Seeing;painted
C.Beingseen;beingpaintedD.Seeing;beingpainted
56.Andthere,almost_____inthebigchair,satherlittlebrother,whoneverhadtobetoldtokeepquiet.
A.havinglostB.losingC.tobelostD.lost
57.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_____hishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting
58.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan_____.
A.thatyoufinishquicklyB.finishingquickly
C.tofinishquicklyD.finishquickly
59.Theoldfarmer,_____thebadlyinjuredandburntsoldier,cameoutoftheburningfarmhouse,callingcontinuouslyforhelp.
A.supportingB.havingsupported
C.beingsupportedbyD.beingsupported
60.InJanuary,2004,theUnitedStatessuccessfullylaunched“Spirit”,aMarsExplorationRover,_____anewmilestoneinthehistoryofmankind.
A.itmarkedB.markingC.markedD.tomark
61.Itwasgettingdark;Ifoundacar_____inapoolbythesideoftheroad.
A.tobestuckB.stuckC.stickingD.stick
62.Youcan’timaginewhatgreattroubletheyhave_____theproblem_____.
A.tosolve;beingtalkedaboutB.solving;discussing
C.tosolve;totalkaboutD.solving;beingdiscussed
63.Themonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftheexplorerwhowasbelieved_____theriver.
A.tohavediscoveredB.tohavebeendiscovered
C.todiscoverD.havingbeendiscovered
64.Thethieffelltotheground,hisleftfoot_____andblood_____downfromhismouth.
A.breaking;runningB.broken;running
C.breaking;runD.broken;run
65.Theprogramwassoexcitingthatthechildrenkepttheireyes_____onthescreen.
A.tofixB.tobefixedC.fixedD.fixing
66.AsIwillbeawayforatleastayear,I’dappreciate_____fromyounowandthensothatIcanknowhoweveryoneisgettingalong.
A.havingheardB.tohearC.hearingD.beingheard
67._____,thesubjectwasalwaysinmymind.
A.WalkingorsleepingB.Walkingorslept
C.HavingwalkedorsleptD.Towalkandsleep
68.---Didyougetadictionary?
---No,I_____,buttherewerenotany_____.
A.tried;tobeleftB.hadtriedto;leaving
C.triedto;leftD.hadtried;haveleft
69.Whenhecameto,hefoundhimself_____onachair,withhishands_____back.
A.tosit;tyingB.sitting;tying
C.seating;tiedD.seated;tied
70.ThejoketoldbyTommadeus_____,sotheteachercouldn’tmakehimself_____.
A.tolaugh;hearingB.laughing;heard
C.laughing;hearD.laughed;heard
71.Alloftheflowersnow_____herehavedevelopedfromthoseonce_____intheforest.
A.raised;grownB.rising;growing
C.raised;growingD.rising;grown
72.Henrycan’tattendtheparty_____atTom’shouseatpresentbecauseheispreparingthespeechattheparty_____atMarie’shousetomorrow.
A.held;beingheldB.tobeheld;tobeheld
C.tobeheld;heldD.beingheld;tobeheld
73.Seeingthesoldierswell_____fortheflood-fight,thegeneralnoddedwithsatisfaction.
A.prepareB.preparingC.preparedD.havingprepared
74.Don’tworry.I’llhaveit_____andgetsomeone_____ittoyoutomorrow.
A.typed;sendB.totype;tosendC.type;sendD.typed;tosend
75.Thesunwasshiningbrightly,_____everythingthere_____morebeautiful.
A.making;lookB.tomake;looked
C.andmade;lookingD.andmaking;belooked
76.Howcouldhegettheplan_____withoutanyonetosupporthim?
A.tocarryoutB.carryoutC.carryingoutD.carriedout
77.Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbefore_____.
A.beingfullyacceptingB.fullyaccepting
C.havingfullyacceptedD.fullyaccepted
78.Havingpassedallthetests,shefeltagreatweight_____offhermind.
A.takingB.takenC.takeD.tobetaken
79.I’mexaminingthearticlehehasjustfinished_____thepossiblemistakesinit.
A.beingcorrectedB.tocorrectC.correctedD.havingcorrected
80._____fullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.
A.WedidnotmakeB.Havingnotmade
C.WehadnotmadeD.Nothavingmade
81.Weshouldpreventsuchasillymistake_____again.
A.occurringB.tooccurC.tobeoccurredD.frombeingoccurred
82.Iregret_____hardatschool,orIwouldhavesucceededinpassingtheexam.
A.nottoworkB.havingnotworked
C.tohavenotworkedD.nothavingworked
83.Theylookedforwardwithhope_____achancetoreceivefurthereducation.
A.forgettingB.ofgettingC.togetD.togetting
84.“Well,I’lltellyouasecret...”saidtheboy,withhismouthalmost_____myear.
A.touchedB.touchingC.touchD.totouch
85.Towardsevening,thepatientopenedhismouthasif_____somethingtohisson.
A.saidB.sayC.tosayD.tohavesaid
86.---Wouldyoube_____lendmeyourbicycle?
---Sure.
A.sokindastoB.kindenoughasto
C.verykindtoD.sokindto
87.Thebeachissobeautifulthatitisworthwhile,Ithink,_____forashortholiday.
A.ofgoingB.tobegoingC.yourgoingD.youtogo
88.Theteacheraskedmore_____topreventthestudents’eyesfrombeinginjured.
A.todoB.done C.tobedoneD.beingdone
89.SomeoftheschoolsinShanghaihavemovedonestepcloserto_____withtheglobaleducationcommunity.
A.beingconnectedB.connect
C.havingconnectedD.beconnected
90.Theperformanceofthehost,_____topleasetheaudienceanddrawtheirattention,wasgreetedwithacoldsilence,however.
A.hadintendedB.intendedC.beingintendedD.tointend
91._____andoutofbreath,wereachedthetopofthemountainandstopped_____thebeautifulscenery.
A.Tiring;toadmireB.Beingtired;admiring
C.Tired;toadmireD.Tired;admiring
92.The18-storeyedbuilding,when_____,willshutoutthesun_____uptheroomsinmyhouse.
A.completed;lightedB.completing;lighting
C.completing;lightedD.completed;lighting
93.---IhearWarren_____inamiddleschool.
---What?Ican’timaginehim_____asateacher.
A.teaches;workingB.teaches;work
C.teach;toworkD.teach;working
94.____he’sonlybeenlearningEnglishforayear,hespeaksitverywell.
A.ConsideredB.Considering
C.HavingconsideredD.Toconsider
95.Itwas_____computergamesthatcosttheboyalotoftimethatheoughttohavespentonhislessons.
A.tohaveplayedB.playingC.playedD.havingplayed
96.Atnotimedoesthesalesgirlgetuplateinthemorning,forsheisalwaystoobusy_____agoodrest.
A.totakeB.takingC.tookD.taken
97._____asthemostexcellentstudentinheruniversity,asmostclassmateshadexpected,madeherparentsveryhappy.
A.MarywaschosenB.Marychosen
C.MarybeingchosenD.Mary’sbeingchosen
98._____thebigsnake,thelittlegirlstoodunderthetree_____todeath.
A.Seeing;frightenedB.Seeing;frightening
C.Seen;frightenD.Tosee;frightening
99.Youwillseethisproductmadeinthisfactory_____whereveryougo.
A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising
100.Mr.Greenissaid_____anexperimenttoprovethenewmethodofsolving theproblemwhenyoung.
A.todoB.tohavedoneC.tobedoingD.tohavebeendoing
101.Theweather___fine,theydecidedtogooutforawalk.
A.wereB.wasC.isD.being
102.Thecompositiongivenbytheteacher___,AlicewenttowatchTV.
A.beingdonewellB.hasbeendonewell
C.havingdonewellD.donewell
103.Thelastplane___,theyhadtostayinthehotelforanothernight.
A.leftB.havingleftC.havingbeenleftD.beleaving
104.Itisabeautifulvillagewithamountain____it.
A.SurroundedB.surroundingC.havingsurroundedD.havingbeensurrounded
105.Everything___intoconsideration,hisworkiswelldone.
A.takingB.takenC.hasbeentakenD.beingtaken
106.Allhiswork___,helefthisofficeatease.
A.finishedB.hadbeenfinishedC.finishingD.tofinish
107.Thepowerstationwasbuiltontheriverwithourvillageandsomeothers___withelectricity.
A.tosupplyB.suppliedC.supplyingD.havingsupplied
108.____fiveminutes____beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.
A.Therebeing;togoB.Itwas;left
C.Ithad;leftD.Therewas;togo
109.Christmas____,thefamilywasfullofexcitement.
A.wasthenonlydaysawayB.werethenonlydaysaway
C.thenonlydaysawayD.havingbeenthenonlydaysaway
110.Theyfirstreachanagreementonthebasicprinciple,thedetails____later
A.toworkitoutB.havingbeenworkedout
C.tobeworkedoutD.beingworkedout
111.Thepurse_____,theywenttothepolice.
A.notyetfoundB.hasn’tbeenfound
C.beingnotfoundD.nothavingyetfound
112.Theysatintheroomwiththecurtains_____.
A.drawingB.havingbeendrawn
C.drawnD.beingdrawn
113.Cars_____,theywerepunishedbythepolice.
A.parkingillegallyB.parkedillegally
C.beingparkedillegallyD.havingparkedillegally
114.Mr.Smithstoodbesidethewindow,hisattention____thecaroutside.
A.focusonB.focusinguponC.focusedonD.beenfocusedon
115.There____,weleft.
A.beingnothingelsetodoB.isnothingelsetodo
C.wasnothingelsetodoD.havingnothingelsetodo
參考答案
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相關(guān)知識
高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語教案非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
一名優(yōu)秀負責(zé)的教師就要對每一位學(xué)生盡職盡責(zé),作為教師就要好好準備好一份教案課件。教案可以讓上課時的教學(xué)氛圍非?;钴S,讓教師能夠快速的解決各種教學(xué)問題。寫好一份優(yōu)質(zhì)的教案要怎么做呢?為滿足您的需求,小編特地編輯了“高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語教案非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”,僅供參考,歡迎大家閱讀。
2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語教案
專題八非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用法如下:1.動名詞和動詞不定式作主語、賓語;2.只跟動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語;3.只跟動詞不定式作賓語的常見動詞;
4.既可以跟動名詞又可以跟動詞不定式作賓語,且意義不同的動詞或短語;5.不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作賓語補足語的區(qū)別;6.不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作定語時的區(qū)別;7.不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作狀語時的區(qū)別;8.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語;
9.therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的兩種非謂語形式;10.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語;
11.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語或定語。
對于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)考綱要求掌握獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成方式;在句子中的作用以及with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 非謂語動詞包括不定式、v-ing形式和過去分詞,是高中英語學(xué)習(xí)的難點,也是高考考查的重點。高中英語非謂語動詞是一個重要考點,教師在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)備考中要注意重點突出、訓(xùn)練得當(dāng),尤其是對以下要點的復(fù)習(xí): 1.不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的用法區(qū)別;2.非謂語動詞的主動式與被動式;3.非謂語動詞完成式的用法;4.非謂語動詞用作伴隨狀語;5.非謂語動詞用作目的狀語;6.非謂語動詞用作結(jié)果狀語;7.非謂語動詞用作賓語補足語;8.非謂語動詞的邏輯主語問題;9.非謂語動詞用作主語的問題;10.“(be+)過去分詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu);11.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語動詞形式。 對于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)習(xí),教師必須要講清它的構(gòu)成方式和在句子中的作用以及與with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和分詞之間的辨析的關(guān)系。 非謂語動詞用法 非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語動詞的用法和含義,我們將分別從三種非謂語動詞在句子中做主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型等角度來區(qū)分其用法和細微含義。 1.不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別 (1)動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作;而不定式作主語表示具體動作。 Smokingisprohibited(禁止)here.這里禁止抽煙。(抽象) Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。(具體) (2)動名詞作主語時,通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗。 不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbingmountainsisinteresting.爬山很有趣。(經(jīng)驗) Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。(經(jīng)驗) (3)不定式做主語,一般用it當(dāng)形式主語,把作主語的不定式短語后置。 Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob. 2.不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的區(qū)別 (1)不定式作表語 1)不定式作表語一般表示具體動作,特別是表示將來的動作。 Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither.--次做兩件事等于未做。 WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.我的建議是立刻開始干。 2)如果主語是不定式(表示條件),表語也是不定式(表示結(jié)果)。 Toseeistobelieve.百聞不如一見。 Toworkmeanstoearnaliving.工作就是為了生活。 3)如果主語是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等為中心的名詞,或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,不定式作表語是對主語起補充說明作用。 Hiswishistobuyaluxuriouscarinthenearfuture.他的希望是在不遠的將來買一輛豪華轎車。 ThefunctionofLouisSullivansarchitecturewastoprovidelargeuninterruptedfloorareasandtoallowamplelightintotheinterior. Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemaboutthefutureoftheplant. (2)動名詞作表語:動名詞作表語,表示抽象的一般性的行為。 Ourworkisservingthepeople.我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。 Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.他的愛好是集郵。 (注)動名詞作表語時與進行時態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同,但其所屬結(jié)構(gòu)迥異,進行時態(tài)說明動作是由主語完成的。動名詞做表語,說明主語的性質(zhì)或情況。 Peoplecannotbutfeelpuzzled,fortheysimplycannotunderstandhowhecouldhavemadesuchastupidmistake. HisvictoryinthefinalwasnomoreconvincingthanIhadexpected. (3)分詞作表語 分詞做表語有兩種情況,一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語,一種是過去分詞做表語,這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)常考到的地方。一般來說,表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞如excite,interest等都是及物動詞,漢語意思不是“激動”,“高興”,而是“使激動”、“使高興”,因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動的”、“令人高興的”,過去分詞則是“感到激動的”和“感到高興的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。換句話說,若人對……感興趣,就是somebodyisinterestedin...,若人/物本身有興趣時,就是說sb./sth.isinteresting.這類詞常見的有: interesting使人感到高興--interested感到高興的 exciting令人激動的--excited感到激動的 delighting令人高興的--delighted感到高興的 disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人費解的--puzzled感到費解的 satisfying令人滿意的---satisfied感到滿意的 surprising令人驚異的--surprised感到驚異的 worrying令人擔(dān)心的--worried感到擔(dān)心的 Travellingisinterestingbuttiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲勞。 Thepupilswillgetconfusediftheyaremadetolearntoomuch.如果要學(xué)生學(xué)得太多,他們會感到糊涂的。 Theargumentisveryconvincing.他的論點很令人信服。 Theywereveryexcitedatthenews.聽到這個消息,他們非常激動。 3.不定式和動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別 英語中大多數(shù)動詞既可跟不定式,也可跟動名詞作直接賓語,但有些動詞要求: (1)不定式做賓語和賓語補足語 1)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓語 決心學(xué)會想希望,拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝,主動答應(yīng)選計劃 同意請求幫一幫,愿望似乎就沒有,碰巧承擔(dān)常努力。 attempt企圖enable能夠neglect忽視 afford負擔(dān)得起demand要求long渴望 arrange安排destine注定mean意欲,打算 begin開始expect期望omit忽略,漏 appear似乎,顯得determine決定manage設(shè)法 cease停止hate憎恨,厭惡pretend假裝 ask問dread害怕need需要 agree同意desire愿望love愛 swear宣誓volunteer志愿wish希望 bear承受endeavor努力offer提供 beg請求fail不能plan計劃 bother擾亂;煩惱forget忘記prefer喜歡,寧愿 care關(guān)心,喜歡happen碰巧prepare準備 decide決定learn學(xué)習(xí)regret抱歉,遺憾 choose選擇hesitate猶豫profess表明 claim要求hope希望promise承諾,允許 start開始undertake承接want想要 consent同意,贊同intend想要refuse拒絕 decide決定learn學(xué)習(xí)vow起 contrive設(shè)法,圖謀incline有…傾向propose提議 seek找,尋覓try試圖 2)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓補:動詞+賓語+動詞不定式 ask要求,邀請get請,得到prompt促使 allow允許forbid禁止prefer喜歡,寧愿 announce宣布force強迫press迫使 bride收買inspire鼓舞request請求 assist協(xié)助hate憎惡pronounce斷定,表示 advise勸告exhort告誡,勉勵pray請求 authorize授權(quán),委托help幫助recommend勸告,推薦 bear容忍implore懇求remind提醒 beg請求induce引誘report報告 compel強迫invite吸引,邀請,summon傳喚 command命令intend想要,企圖show顯示 drive驅(qū)趕mean意欲,打算train訓(xùn)練 cause引起instruct指示require要求 deserve應(yīng)受leave使,讓tell告訴 direct指導(dǎo)like喜歡tempt勸誘 entitle有資格order命令warn告誡 enable使能夠need需要urge激勵,力說 encourage鼓勵oblige不得不want想要 condemn指責(zé),譴責(zé)lead引起,使得teach教 entreat懇求permit允許wish希望 (2)有少數(shù)動詞只能用動名詞作賓語 考慮建議盼原諒,避免錯過繼續(xù)練,否認完成就欣賞 禁止想象才冒險,不禁介意準逃亡 acknowledge承認,自認cease停止mention說到,講到 admit承認tolerate忍受dislike不喜歡,討厭 advocate:提倡,主張complete完成dread可怕 appreciate感激,欣賞confess坦白endure忍受 avoid避免contemplate細想enjoy享有,喜愛 bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒 canthelp不禁delay延遲escape逃跑,逃避 cantstand受不了deny否認excuse借口 consider考慮detest嫌惡fancy幻想,愛好 favor造成,偏愛mind介意repent悔悟 figure描繪,計算miss錯過resent怨恨 finish完成,結(jié)束不得pardon原諒,饒恕resist抵抗,阻止 forgive原諒permit允許resume恢復(fù) imagine設(shè)想postpone延遲,延期risk冒險 involve卷入,包含practise實行,實踐suggest建議 hate討厭prevent阻止save營救,儲蓄 keep保持quit放棄停止stand堅持,忍受 loathe非常討厭,厭惡recall回想 Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我很感激兩年前給我出國學(xué)習(xí)的機會。 (3)有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別 想起忘記常后悔 1)forgettodo忘記要去做某事(此事未做) forgetdoing忘記做過某事(此事已做過或已發(fā)生) 2)stoptodo停止、中斷(某件事),目的是去做另一件事 stopdoing停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事 3)remembertodo記住去做某事(未做) rememberdoing記得做過某事(已做) 4)regrettodo對要做的事遺憾 regretdoing對做過的事遺憾、后悔 5)trytodo努力、企圖做某事 trydoing試驗、試一試某種辦法 6)meantodo打算,有意要… meandoing意味著 7)goontodo繼而(去做另外一件事情) goondoing繼續(xù)(原先沒有做完的事情) 8)proposetodo打算(要做某事) proposingdoing建議(做某事) 9)like/love/hate/prefer+todo表示具體行為;+doingsth表示抽象、傾向概念 (注)如果這些動詞前有should一詞,其后賓語只跟不定式,不能跟動名詞。例如: Ishouldliketoseehimtomorrow. 10)need,want,deserve+動名詞表被動意義;+不定式被動態(tài)表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。 Dontyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不記得以前見過那個人嗎? Youmustremembertoleavetomorrow.你可要記著是明天動身。 IdontregrettellingherwhatIthought.我不后悔給她講過我的想法。(已講過) Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遺憾必須這樣去做,我實在沒辦法。(未做但要做) Youmusttrytobemorecareful.你可要多加小心。 Letstrydoingtheworksomeotherway.讓我們試一試用另外一種辦法來做這工作。 Ididntmeantohurtyourfeeling.我沒想要傷害你的感情。 Thisillnesswillmean(your)goingtohospital.得了這種病(你)就要進醫(yī)院。 4.不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別 (1)不定式作定語 1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關(guān)系 Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.昨天他是最后一個離開教室的。 ThetraintoarrivewasfromLondon.將要到站的火車是從倫敦開來的。 2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動賓關(guān)系 Gethimsomethingtoeat.給他拿點兒東西吃。 Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning.早上他有很多工作要做。 3)不及物動詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語,要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,這里的介詞不能省去。 Ineedapentowritewith.我需要一支筆寫字。 Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒有什么值得發(fā)愁的。 4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時間、機會、權(quán)利等抽象名詞如: ability能力,本領(lǐng)drive趕,駕駛movement運動,活動 ambition抱負,野心effort努力,嘗試need需要,需求 campaign戰(zhàn)役,運動failure失敗,不及格opportunity機會 chance機會force力,壓力,要點promise許諾,希望 courage勇氣intention意向,意圖reason理由,原因 decision決定method方法,方式light光,光線,亮光 determination決心,決定motive動機,目的struggle奮斗,努力, tendency傾向,趨勢wish希望,愿望,祝愿 5)被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或next,second,last,only和nota,the等限定詞時候,只能用不定式。 6)不定代詞something,nothing,little,much,alot等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語。 Johnwilldoanythingbutworkonafarm.除了農(nóng)活,約翰什么都愿意干。 7)如果其動詞要求用不定式做賓語,或者其形容詞要求不定式做補語,則相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如:tendtodo---tendencytodo;decidetodo=decisiontodo;becurioustodo=curiositytodo Hiswishtobuyacarcametrue.他要買輛車的愿望實現(xiàn)了。 Theirdecisiontogiveuptheexperimentsurprisedus. 他們放棄這個實驗的決定使我們大吃一驚。 Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave. 他總是第一個到來,最后一個離去。 (2)分詞作定語 分詞作定語時有下面幾個特點: 1)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義,過去分詞一般表示被動含意。 2)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行,過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或做完(完成)的事。 Herushedintotheburninghouse.他沖進了正在燃燒著的房子。 Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。 Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom.朝南的房間是我們的教室。 Haveyougotyourwatchrepaired?你拿到那個修好的表了嗎? Heisanadvancedteacher.他是個先進教師。 3)下列不及物動詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語,但不具有被動意義,這點要注意: departed,elapsed,faded,fallen,gone,frown-up,retired,returned,risen,set,vanished,much-traveled,newly-arrived,recently-come (3)不定式和分詞作定語時的時間關(guān)系 一般來說,不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后;現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生;過去分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。例如: DoyouwanttoseethedoctortobesentforfromBeijing? 你要見那位將從北京請來的醫(yī)生嗎? Doyouwanttoseethedoctorworkingonthecasereportintheoffice? 你要見那位正在辦公室里寫病歷的醫(yī)生嗎? 5.不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別 (1)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別。 現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動與被動關(guān)系的區(qū)別。 1)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,現(xiàn)在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作,它們之間的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系。 Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim. 他出去后將門隨手關(guān)上。 Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp. 由于不知如何辦是好,他去找父母幫忙。 2)過去分詞作狀語時,過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作,它們之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。 Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter. 如果對這些樹多關(guān)心一些,它們本來會長得更好。 Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem. 在遇到困難的時候,我們必須設(shè)法克服。 (2)動詞不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別 1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨,而不定式常常表示目的。 Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan.他們站在路邊談?wù)撝@個計劃。(伴隨) Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan.他們站在路邊為的是談?wù)撨@個計劃。(目的) 2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭,除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時,除了表示目的以外,還表示結(jié)果或原因。 Readingattentively,heforgotthetimeforlunch.由于在專心讀書,他忘了吃午飯的時間。(原因) Readingcarefully,hefoundsomethinghehadnotknownbefore.他仔細讀書時,發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。(時間) Readingcarefully,youlllearnsomethingnew.只要你仔細閱讀,你會學(xué)到一些新的東西。(條件) Hisfamilywastoopoortosupporthim.他的家庭太窮,不能維持他的生活。(結(jié)果) Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf.這男孩個子不夠高,手伸不到書架。(結(jié)果) Wearegladtohearthenews.我們很高興聽到這消息。(原因) (3)下面一些句型是不定式做狀語時候應(yīng)該注意的: a:not/nevertoo…to,too…notto,but/onlytoo…to,tooready/eager/apt/inclinedto表示肯定意義 b:做結(jié)果狀語的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾,常見的不定式動詞有:find,hear,see,betold,form,give,make,produce等。 c:不定式做狀語時,其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語,否則用for引導(dǎo)主語。 6.非謂語動詞常考的其它結(jié)構(gòu) (1)疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 疑問詞who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以用作主語、賓語、表語和雙重賓語。如: Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.何時動身尚未決定。(主語) Idontknowwhattodo.我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語) Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver.困難在于如何過河。(表語) Icantellyouwheretogetthisbook.我可以告訴你哪里可以買到此書。(雙重賓語) 注)A.有時疑問詞前可用介詞,如: Ihavenoideaofhowtodoit.我不知道如何做此事。 B.動詞know后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語,只能跟疑問詞(如:how,what)+不定式: Whilestillayoungboy,Tomknewtoplaythepianowellandashegrewolder,hewroteoperas,themostfamousofwhichisCarmen. (2)介詞except和but作“只有…,只能…”講時跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)(but與不帶to的不定式連用)。 Whenthestreetsarefullofmeltingsnow,youcannothelpbutgettingyourshoeswet. (3)不帶to的不定式 1)在表示生理感覺的動詞后的不定式不帶to。這類詞有: feel覺得observe注意到,看到overhear聽到 watch注視listento聽perceive察覺,感知 notice注意see看見lookat看hear聽 Onseeingtheyoungchildfellintothelake,Ericsprangtohisfeet,andwentontherescue. 2)另一類是某些使役動詞,如make,let,have等。如: Lethimdoit.讓他做吧。 IwouldhaveyouknowthatIamill.我想要你知道我病了。 (注): ①上述感覺動詞與使役動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時.其后的不定式一般需帶to,如: Hewasseentocome. Theboywasmadetogotobedearly. ②在動詞find與help之后,不定式可帶to亦可不帶to,如: Hewassurprisedtofindthesheep(to)breakfenceatthisseason.他發(fā)現(xiàn)羊在此季節(jié)越出柵欄,感到驚訝。 3)在donothing/anything/everythingbut(except)結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如: LastnightIdidnothingbutwatchTV.昨天晚上,我除了看電視別的什么也沒有干。 但是,如果謂語動詞不是“donothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶。 Thedoctortoldhimnothingbuttostopsmoking.醫(yī)生除了讓他戒煙,其它什么都沒有說。 Therewasnothingforthemtodobuttoremainsilent.除了保持沉默以外,他們沒有別有別的辦法。 (4)不定式與動名詞的邏輯主語和分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu) 1)不定式的邏輯主語為:for+名詞(或代詞賓格)+不定式。例如: Ifounditimpossibleforhimtodothejobalone.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他—個人干這活是不可能的。 (注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容詞后面,常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語。例如: Itwaswiseofhimtodothat.他那樣做是明智的。 2)動名詞的邏輯主語為;①人稱代詞的所有格+動名詞;②名詞s+動名詞。例如: Tominsistedonmygoingwiththem.他堅持要我和他們一起去。 Hedislikeshiswifesworkinglate.他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。 3)某些形容詞,如:careless等不定式后可以加of來引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語。這類詞主要有:absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kindthoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,selfish,wicked,wrong等 Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.你幫助我太好了。 間或也可用for+theretobe表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是tobe)。 Itsagreatpityfortheretobemuchtroubleinthecompany.太遺憾了公司里有這么多的麻煩。 7.非謂語動詞中的有關(guān)句型 (1)動名詞作主語的句型 1)Doing...+v.Readingisanart.閱讀是門藝術(shù)。Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實。 2)Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名詞+doingsth. Itisnousecrying.哭沒有用。Itisnogoodobjecting.反對也沒有用。 Itisagreatfunplayingfootball.打籃球很有趣。 Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.設(shè)法解釋是浪費時間。 3)Itis+useless(nice,good,interesting,expensive等形容詞)+doingsth. Itisuselessspeaking.光說沒用。 Itisniceseeingyouagain.真高興又遇到了你。 ItisgoodPlayingchessaftersupper.晚飯后弈棋挺好。 Itisexpensiverunningthiscar.開這種小車是浪費。 8.非謂語動詞的特殊結(jié)構(gòu) 2)不定式的獨立結(jié)構(gòu) 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 一、概念: 一名優(yōu)秀的教師在每次教學(xué)前有自己的事先計劃,作為高中教師就要精心準備好合適的教案。教案可以讓上課時的教學(xué)氛圍非常活躍,有效的提高課堂的教學(xué)效率。那么,你知道高中教案要怎么寫呢?下面是小編幫大家編輯的《(精品推薦)高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語學(xué)案--專題八非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)》,希望能對您有所幫助,請收藏。 (精品推薦)高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語學(xué)案--專題八非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 非謂語動詞
有些非謂語形式已成為固定用語,用來表示說話人對說話內(nèi)容所特的態(tài)度。
1)現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)
judgingfrom/by…,generallyspeaking,strictlyspeaking
totellyouthetruth,tomakethingsworse,tobegin/startwith
3)動詞原形: Believeitornot(信不信由你)
4)作連詞的分詞considering(考慮到,就…而言),providing/provided…假如, supposing假如 這些詞用來表示條件的連詞,后接that從句。
“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”是由名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語,加上分詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式或介詞短語作為邏輯謂語構(gòu)成。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上與主句沒有關(guān)系,通常稱為“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。
二、功能:
“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”實質(zhì)就是帶有自己主語的非限定狀語從句。眾所周知非限定性從句通常以主句的某一成分作為自己的邏輯主語,從而依附于主句。而有些非限定性從句和無動詞從句帶有自己的主語,在結(jié)構(gòu)上與主句不發(fā)生關(guān)系,因此成為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。其實,雖然叫做獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),并不是真正的獨立,它還是一種從屬分句,在句中有多種作用。如:表原因、表條件、表方式、表伴隨、表時間等,在句中通常起狀語作用。
三、形式:
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上有兩部分組成:第一部分有名詞或代詞擔(dān)任,第二部分由分詞、動詞不定式、形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語擔(dān)任。按其結(jié)構(gòu)形式分為:—ing分詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu);—ed分詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu);無動詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等。
四、舉例:
1、Therebeingnothingelsetodo,theygoneaway.
由于無事可做,他們離開了。(代詞+-ing;表原因)
2、MissWangcomeintotheclassroom,booksinhand.
王老師走進教室,手里拿著書。(無動詞結(jié)構(gòu);表伴隨)
3、Theoldmansatinhischair,hiseyesclosed.
老人坐在椅子上,閉著眼睛。(名詞+-ed;表狀態(tài))
4、Classover,webegantoplaybasketball.
放學(xué)了,我們開始玩籃球。(名詞+副詞;表時間)
5、Withoutawordmorespoken,hepickedupthepaper.
沒再多說一個字,他拾起那張紙。(借此結(jié)構(gòu);表伴隨)
6、Thelastguesttoarrive,ourpartywasstarted.
最后一位客人到了,我們的晚會開始了。(名詞+不定式;表時間)
五、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語作狀語的異同:
1、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語都可以轉(zhuǎn)化成狀語從句。但是,獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成狀語從句后,有自己的邏輯主語,與主句的主語不一致;而分詞短語轉(zhuǎn)化為狀語從句后,從句的主語與主句的主語相同。例:
⑴Iftimepermit,we’dbetterhavearestatthisweekend.-→Timepermitting,we’dbetterhavearestatthisweekend.
如果時間允許,本周末我們最好休息一下。
⑵Whenweseefromthetopfloor,wecanfindthegardenmorebeautiful.-→Seeingfromthetopfloor,wecanfindthegardenmorebeautiful.從頂樓上看,花園更漂亮。
2、還應(yīng)該注意,分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語不是總和主句的主語一致,而是主句的其他成分。語法上稱作“依著原則”;有些分詞結(jié)構(gòu)在句子上找不到它的邏輯主語,語法上稱作“懸垂分詞”。例:
⑴Lookingformywatchintheroom,ithadtakenmealongtime.在屋里找表,用了我很長時間。(依著原則)
⑵Whenplantingtheseflowers,caremustbetakennottodamagetheroot.(我們)種花時必須小心,不能碰壞花根。(懸垂分詞)
六、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與獨立成分的異同:
1、有的分詞短語可以獨立存在,在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語,實際上已經(jīng)成了習(xí)慣短語。這些短語有:generallyspeaking;franklyspeaking;judgingfrom;supposing等等。
例:
⑴Generallyspeaking,theruleisveryeasytounderstand.總的來說,這個規(guī)則很容易懂。
⑵Judgingfromwhathesaid,shemustbeanhonestgirl.根據(jù)他所說的,她一定很誠實。
2、有些固定短語是帶to的不定式,表明說話人的立場和態(tài)度,在句中作獨立成分。這些短語有:tobehonest;tobesure;totellyouthetruth;tocutalongstoryshort;tobefrank;tomakethematterworse等等。例:
⑴Totellyouthetruth,whatIsaidatthemeetingwasnotmyopinion.說實話,我在會上說的并不是我的意見。
⑵Tomakethematterworse,helockedhiskeysinthecar.更糟糕的是,他把鑰匙鎖在車里了
七、非謂語動詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
在獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中,非謂語動詞和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
Suchanablemantohelpyou,youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater.
有這么能干的人來幫你,你遲早一定會成功的。(suchanableman和tohelpyou之間存在著主謂關(guān)系)
=Sincesuchanablemanwillhelpyou,youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater.
Heseatinghimselfatthedesk,hismotherbegantotellhimastory.
他在書桌旁坐好后,他母親開始給他講故事。(seatinghimselfatthedesk擁有了自己的邏輯主語he,注意是“主格”)
=Whenheseatedhimselfatthedesk,hismotherbegantotellhimastory.
Thekeytothebikelost,hehadtowalktoschool.
由于丟了自行車鑰匙,他只好步行去學(xué)校。(lost的邏輯主語是thekey,lost也可以用完成式havingbeenlost)
=Becausethekeytothebikehadbeenlost,hehadtowalktoschool.
A.不定式“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”
在“邏輯主語+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中,動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可用一個從句或并列分句來表達。
1.動詞不定式用主動的形式
在獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中,動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
Hismothertocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.
他母親今晚要來,他正在忙著準備飯菜。(=Ashismotheristocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.)
——willyougototheconcerttonight你今晚去聽音樂會嗎?
——sorry.Somanyexercise-bookstocheck,Ireallycantaffordanytime.
對不起,有這多的作業(yè)要批,我真的抽不出時間。
(=BecauseIshallchecksomanyexercise-bookstonight,Ireallycantaffordanytime.)
Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabour,eachtotranslateaquarterofthebook.
我們四人同意分工干,每人翻譯全書的四分之一。
(=Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabourandeachistotranslateaquarterofthebook.)
Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.種上許多的樹,花和草后,我們新建的學(xué)校將看上去更美。(=Ifmanytrees,flowers,andgrassareplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.)
B.-ing形式“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”
動詞的-ing形式作狀語時,其邏輯主語一般應(yīng)與句子的主語保持一致。
Beingill,hewenthome.
由于生病,他回家了。(=Ashewasveryill,hewenthome.)
Seatinghimselfatthedesk,hebegantoreadamagazine.
在課桌旁坐好后,他開始看雜志。(=Whenhehadseatedhimselfatthedesk,hebegantoreadamagazine.)
1.表示時間的-ing形式作“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”
Everyonebeingready,theteacherbeganhisclass.
每個人都準備好后,老師開始上課。(相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句Wheneveryonewas
ready)
Thechairmanbeganthemeeting,everyonebeingseated.
每個人坐好后,主席開始開會。(相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句aftereveryonewasseated)
2.表示原因的-ing形式作“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”
Theboyleadingtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthestrangecave.由那個男孩帶路,我們沒有困難就找到了那奇怪的洞。(相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句Becausetheboyledtheway)
Manyeyeswatchinghim,hefeltabitnervous.許多眼睛看著他,他感到有點兒緊張。(相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句Asmanyeyeswerewatchinghim)
必背:
含有being的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
ItbeingNationalDaytoday,thestreetsareverycrowded.今天是國慶節(jié),街上很擁擠。
=AsitisNationalDaytoday,thestreetsareverycrowded.
Therebeingnofurtherbusinesstodiscuss,weallwenthome.沒有別的事可討論,我們都回家了。
=Astherewasnofurtherbusinesstodiscuss,weallwenthome.
3.表示條件的-ing形式作“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”
Timepermitting,wewillhaveapicnicnextweek.
時間允許的話,我們下星期將進行一次野炊。(相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句Iftimepermits)
Myhealthallowing,Iwillworkfarintothenight.
我的健康許可的話,我愿工作到深夜。(相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句Ifmyhealthallows)
4.表示方式的-ing形式作“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”
Thestudentsarewalkingintheschoolhappily,eachwearingacardinfrontofhischest.
學(xué)生們快樂地在學(xué)校里走著,每個人胸前都帶著一張卡。(相當(dāng)于一個并列分句andeachwearsacardinfrontofhischest)
Theboylayonthegrass,hiseyeslookingatthesky.
男孩躺在草地上,眼睛看著天空。(相當(dāng)于一個并列分句andhiseyeswerelookingatthesky)
C.-ed形式“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”
與邏輯主語+動詞的-ing形式一樣,如果-ed形式的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致的話,就需要用-ed形式的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
ThebookwritteninsimpleEnglish,Englishbeginnerswereabletoreadit.
該書是用簡單英語寫的,英語初學(xué)者也能看懂。
=AsthebookwaswritteninsimpleEnglish,Englishbeginnerswereabletoreadit.
Theworkersworkedstillharder,theirlivingconditionsgreatlyimproved.
由于工人們的生活條件大大提高,他們工作得更起勁了。
=Astheirlivingconditionsweregreatlyimproved,theworkersworkedstillharder.
Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.
他上課專心聽講,眼睛緊盯著黑板。
=Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,andhiseyeswerefixedontheblackboard.
Thetaskcompleted,hehadtwomonthsleave.
任務(wù)完成以后,他休了兩個月的假。(=Whenthetaskhadbeencompleted,hehadtwomonthsleave.)
比較:
動詞不定式表示動作沒有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生,動詞-ed形式表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束,動詞-ing形式往往表示動作正在進行。
Themanagerlooksworried,manythingstosettle.經(jīng)理看上去很著急,有這么多的事情要處理。(事情還沒有處理,而且是由經(jīng)理本人來處理,用不定式tosettle)
Themanagerlooksrelaxed,manythingssettled.許多事情已經(jīng)處理好了,經(jīng)理看上去很輕松。(事情已經(jīng)處理好了,用動詞-ed形式settled表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束)
Thefoodbeingcooked,theboywaswatchingTV.小孩一邊做飯,一邊看電視。(兩個動作同時進行)
Thefoodcooked,theboywenttobed.飯做好了,小孩去睡了。(兩個動作有先后,飯已做好,小孩才去睡覺的
八、with、without引導(dǎo)的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
介詞with/without+賓語+賓語的補足語可以構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),上面討論過的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況在此結(jié)構(gòu)中都能體現(xiàn)。
A.with+名詞代詞+形容詞
Hedoesn’tliketosleepwiththewindowsopen.
他不喜歡開著窗子睡覺。
=Hedoesn’tliketosleepwhenthewindowsareopen.
Hestoodintherain,withhisclotheswet.
他站在雨中,衣服濕透了。
=Hestoodintherain,andhisclotheswerewet.
注意:
在“with+名詞代詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中,也可用已形容詞化的-ing形式或-ed形式。
Withhissonsodisappointing,theoldmanfeltunhappy.
由于兒子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快樂。
Withhisfatherwell-known,theboydidn’twanttostudy.
父親如此出名,兒子不想讀書。
B.with+名詞代詞+副詞
Ourschoollooksevenmorebeautifulwithallthelightson.
所有的燈都打開時,我們的學(xué)校看上去更美。
=Ourschoollooksevenmorebeautifulifwhenallthelightsareon.
Theboywaswalking,withhisfatherahead.
父親在前,小孩在后走著。
=Theboywaswalkingandhisfatherwasahead.
C.with+名詞代詞+介詞短語
Hestoodatthedoor,withacomputerinhishand.或
Hestoodatthedoor,computerinhand.
他站在門口,手里拿著一部電腦。
=Hestoodatthedoor,andacomputerwasinhishand.
Vincentsatatthedesk,withapeninhismouth.或
Vincentsatatthedesk,peninmouth.
文森特坐在課桌前,嘴里銜著一支筆。
=Vincentsatatthedesk,andhehadapeninhismouth.
D.with+名詞代詞+動詞的-ed形式
Withhishomeworkdone,Peterwentouttoplay.
作業(yè)做好了,彼得出去玩了。
=Whenhishomeworkwasdone,Peterwentouttoplay.
Withthesignalgiven,thetrainstarted.
信號發(fā)出了,火車開始起動了。
=Afterthesignalwasgiven,thetrainstarted.
Iwouldn’tdaregohomewithoutthejobfinished.
工作還沒完成,我不敢回家。
=Iwouldn’tdaregohomebecausethejobwasnotfinished.
E.with+名詞代詞+動詞的-ing形式
Themanfeltveryhappywithsomanychildrensittingaroundhim.
有這么多的孩子坐在他周圍,那男子感到很高興。
=Themanfeltveryhappywhenhefoundsomanychildrensittingaroundhim.
Thegirlhidherboxwithoutanyoneknowingwhereitwas.
小女孩把盒子藏了起來,沒有人知道它在哪里。
=Thegirlhidherboxandnooneknewwhereitwas.
Withoutanyonenoticing,heslippedthroughthewindow.他趁沒人注意的時候,從窗口溜走了。
=Whennoonewasnoticing,heslippedthroughthewindow.
F.with+名詞代詞+動詞不定式
Thelittleboylookssad,withsomuchhomeworktodo.
有這么多的家庭作業(yè)要做,小男孩看上去很不開心。
=Thelittleboylookssadbecausehehassomuchhomeworktodo.
Thekidfeelsexcitedwithsomanyplacesofinteresttovisit.
有這么多的名勝可參觀,小孩很激動。
Thekidfeelsexcitedastherearesomanyplacesofinteresttovisit.
提示:
在with/without的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,多數(shù)情況下with能省略,但without不能省略。
Withoutawordmorespoken,sheleftthemeetingroom.
她沒再說什么話就離開了會議室。(without不能省略)
九、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中除了能充當(dāng)原因狀語、時間狀語、條件狀語和伴隨狀語外,還能作定語。在形式上,“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”可位于句首、句中或句尾,并通常用逗號與主句隔開。
A.作狀語
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語,其功能相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句或并列分句。
1.表示時間
Nightcomingon,weputourselvesupinasmallhotel.夜幕降臨,我們在一家小旅館住了下來。
(=Whennightcameon,weputourselvesupinasmallhotel.)
Alltheguestsseated,theybegantheirdinner.
所有的客人就坐后,他們才開始吃飯。
(=Whenalltheguestswereseated,theybegantheirdinner.)
Witheverythingsheneededbought,Gracetookataxihome.
所需要的都買好后,格雷斯打的回家了。
(Aftereverythingsheneededwasbought,Gracetookataxihome.)
2.表示原因
Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
有許多難題要解決,新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)日子不好過。
(=Ashehasalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.)
Therebeingnomeansoftransportation,hehadtowalkhomeatmidnight.
由于在半夜沒有交通工具了,他只好步行回家。
(=Astherewasnomeansoftransportation,hehadtowalkhomeatmidnight.)
3.表示條件
Weatherpermitting,wewillholdouryearlysportsmeetingnextweek.
如果天氣允許的話,我們下星期將舉行每年一次的運動會。
(=Ifweatherpermits,wewillholdouryearlysportsmeetingnextweek.)
Alltheworkdone,youcanhavearest.
所有工作做好后,你可以休息。
(=Aslongasalltheworkisdone,youcanhavearest.)
Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theplanseemstobemorepractical.如果從各方面考慮,你的計劃似乎更實際些。
(=Ifeverythingistakenintoconsideration,theplanseemstobemorepractical.)
提示:
表示時間、原因、條件的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般放在句首,并且不能保留連詞。
Whenclassbeingover,thestudentslefttheirclassroom.
Class(being)over,thestudentslefttheirclassroom.下課了,學(xué)生都離開了教室。
Themoonappearingandtheycontinuedtheirway.
Themoonappearing,theycontinuedtheirway.月亮出來了,他們繼續(xù)趕路。
4.表示伴隨情況或補充說明
Thestrangemanwaswalkingdownthestreet,withastickinhishand.
那個奇怪的男人在街上走著,手里拿著根手杖。
(=Thestrangemanwaswalkingdownthestreet,andhecarriedastickinhishand.)
Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.
殺人犯被帶了進來,手被捆在背后。
(=Themurdererwasbroughtin,andhishandsweretiedbehindhisback.)
Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,manyofthemchildren.
有兩百人在事故中喪生,其中許多是兒童。
(Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccidentandmanyofthemwerechildren.)
B.作定語
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,其功能相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。
Heisthepersonwithalotofquestionstobesettled.(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,修飾thestudent)
他就是有許多問題要解決的那個人。
=Heisthepersonwhohasalotofquestionstobesettled.
Youcanusealargeplasticbottlewithitstopcutoff.(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,修飾bottle)
你可以使用一個頸被砍掉的大塑料瓶。
=Youcanusealargeplasticbottlewhosetopwascutoff.
Hewaswalkingalongtheroadwithoutanystreetlightsonitsbothsides.
他走在一條兩邊沒有路燈的馬路上。(without的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,修飾theroad)
=Hewaswalkingalongtheroadthatdidn’thaveanystreetlightsonitsbothsides.
提示:
在這里我們討論了很多用連詞連接的兩個句子改為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的情況。需要提示的是,不是所有用連詞的地方都可以改為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
Ifyoustandonthetopofthemountain,theparklooksmorebeautiful.
如果你站在山頂上,公園看上去更美。(不要改為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu))
Ifyoucheckyourtestpapercarefully,somemistakescanbeavoided.
如果你仔細檢查試卷的話,有些錯誤是可以避免的。(不要改為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu))(精品推薦)高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語學(xué)案--專題八非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
1.(08北京)____thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshedlikethatlittledollonherbed.
A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SeeD.Seen
A非謂語動詞see構(gòu)成的短語與句子的主語I即其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系,用在句首,中間與句子用逗號分開,表示伴隨情況,用作伴隨狀語,因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。
2.(08全國卷I)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood____.
A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed
B在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)表語形容詞為good,light,heavy,difficult等時,其后常用不定式作狀語,表示時間,原因,結(jié)果等,且常用主動形式表示被動意義,因此選B。此處為特殊情況。
3.(08北京)----Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?
----Yes.But____it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.
A.tofindB.findC.tobefindingD.finding
A非謂語動詞短語與主句之間用逗號隔開,作狀語。根據(jù)句意:為了找到需要的信息,我不得不看完整本書的內(nèi)容,表示目的。不定式常在句首作目的狀語,且此處不表示動作正在進行,因此用一般式,選A。
4.(09湖南)Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit.
A.reusingB.reusedC.reusesD.tobereused
D考查動詞不定時的用法。句意為:現(xiàn)在人們有時把他們的廢物分開,以便很容易被重復(fù)利用。重新再利用是指將來發(fā)生的動作,而且是被動的。故選D。
5.(09江西)_________therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrewtheinternationalstars.
A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.TogiveD.Given
D考查非謂語動詞。如果把句子補充完整就不難看出:Iftheyaregiventherightkindoftraining,可知主語they即theseteenagersoccerplayers與give之間是被動的關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞。根據(jù)主、從句主語一致可省略從句主語的原則,連詞if也可省,所以得出giventherightkindoftraining,theseteenagersoccerplayers……
6.(09江西)Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_____parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.
A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforced
B考查非謂語動詞的用法?,F(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語,修飾newlaws,相當(dāng)于whichforces……...
7.(09海南)Thechildrenallturned_____thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.
A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat
B。句意為:當(dāng)那位著名的女演員走進了教室,所有的孩子都轉(zhuǎn)過頭去看她。
turnto表示“轉(zhuǎn)向,求助”的意思。
8.(09海南)Nowthatwe’vediscussedoutproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions?
A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake
C。考查with+賓語+賓語補足語的用法。句意為:現(xiàn)在,我們已經(jīng)討論了問題,是人們最滿意的決定?take與thedecisions之間存在的關(guān)系是動賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞表示被動
9.(09山東)Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.
A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding
A考查非謂語動詞的用法,由nextmonth可知時間是在將來,party是被舉行,故選A。
10(09陜西)IstillremembertotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.
A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken
D考查非謂語動詞。此處非謂語動詞做remember的賓語,而remember后用非謂語動詞做賓語時,可以用v-ing形式,v-ing表示的動作已經(jīng)完成,也可用動詞不定式,表示的動作還未發(fā)生,根據(jù)后文的saw可知此處非謂語動詞動作已經(jīng)完成,且與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系,用v-ing的被動式,選D。
11.(09福建)nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.
A.RemindingB.RemindedC.ToremindD.Havingreminded
B考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞做狀語,邏輯主語是句子的主語themanager,非謂語動詞與句子主語是被動關(guān)系,且其表示的動作在謂語動詞setout之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生,非謂語動詞用過去分詞,選B。
12.(09福建)InApril,,PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao,the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy.
A.markingB.markedC.havingmarkedD.beingmarked
A考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞做狀語,其后有賓語,故與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系,且表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時進行,用現(xiàn)在分詞,選A。
13.(09湖南)Whenhethedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.
A.wouldopenB.openedC.hadopenedD.wastoopen
D考查非謂語動詞。動詞不定時的用法。句意為:當(dāng)他要打開門的時候,他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的鑰匙不見了。動詞不定時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。
14.(09湖南)9.Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,inasmallapartmentnearBostonand______whattodoabouthisfuture.
A.living;wonderingB.lived;wondering
C.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered
A考查分詞的用法。句意為:29歲的大衛(wèi),是一個工人,住在一間小公寓在波士頓附近,不知怎么辦關(guān)于他的未來。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾aworker,and為并列連詞,連接相同的成份。
依據(jù)非謂語動詞各個不同類型的考查方式和特點??梢圆捎梅侵^語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的“五步驟”做題法;即非謂語動詞的“五步驟”做題法:1.牢記核心意義;2.分析句子成分;3.尋找邏輯主語;4.了解時間關(guān)系;5.分析特殊情況。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的“五步驟”:1.認識獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),建立獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)概念;2.認清獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的來源,理解獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能;3.從邏輯主語的不同認識分詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的區(qū)別;4.全面掌握獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能;5.熟悉獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的不同類型,全面掌握獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)然并非每道題都要全面考慮以上"五步驟"有時只需通過一兩個步驟即可得到答案。我相信,只要同學(xué)們在訓(xùn)練中嚴格按照這種思路去分析,就可以練就一雙火眼金睛,那么,再難的考查非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的試題都是可以快速得到答案的。
1.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen____it,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.
A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard
2._____andoutofbreath,wereachedthetopofthemountainandstopped_____thebeautifulscenery.
A.Tiring;toadmireB.Beingtired;admiring
C.Tired;toadmireD.Tired;admiring
3.Don’tleavethewater____whileyoubrushyourteeth.
A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun
4.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_____hishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.putB.tobeputC.toputD.putting
5._____thediamond,hehadtolookforaplacetohideit.
A.HavingstolenB.HavingbeenstolenC.StolenD.Stealing
6.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan_____.
A.thatyoufinishquicklyB.finishingquickly
C.tofinishquicklyD.finishquickly
7.Youwillseethisproductmadeinthisfactory_____whereveryougo.
A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising
8.Themonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftheexplorerwhowasbelieved_____theriver.
A.tohavediscoveredB.tohavebeendiscovered
C.todiscoverD.havingbeendiscovered
9.——Haveyouconsidered_____yourjobasateacher?
——Yes.Ilikethejobbecauseateacherisoftenconsidered_____agardener.
A.tochange;tobeB.tochange;beingC.changing;beingD.changing;tobe
10.Mr.Greenissaid_____anexperimenttoprovethenewmethodofsolvingtheproblemwhenyoung.
A.todoB.tohavedoneC.tobedoingD.tohavebeendoing
11.Seeingthesoldierswell_____fortheflood-fight,thegeneralnoddedwithsatisfaction.
A.prepareB.preparingC.preparedD.havingprepared
12.Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback。
A.beingtied B.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied
13.Weather___,wellgooutforawalk.
A.permitted Bpermitting Cpermits Dforpermitting
14.Thespeech______alivelydiscussionstarted.
A.beingdeliveredB.wasdelivered
C.bedeliveredD.havingbeendelivered
15.______,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidly
thanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.
A.OtherthingsbeingequalB.Wereotherthingsequal
C.TobeequaltootherthingsD.Otherthingstobeequal
16.Allthings______,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.
A.consideredB.beconsideredC.consideringD.havingconsidere
參考答案:
1.Dhappentohavedonesth為不定式的完成時,表示一個已經(jīng)完成了的動作,強調(diào)對于現(xiàn)在的影響.
2.Ctiredandoutofbreath為“形容詞和介詞短語”在句中作狀語。stoptodosth.停下來去做另外一件事
3.B非謂語動詞作賓語補足語時,選項A、D表示將來可能發(fā)生的動作;B表示賓語持續(xù)性動作,根據(jù)句意選B,表示水不停地流出。
4.Dcatchsbdoingsth表示發(fā)覺或當(dāng)場捉住sb在做一件事情。
5.A從動作發(fā)生的時間來看,應(yīng)是先偷鉆石,再找地方藏匿,故用-ing形式的完成式。
6.C題意為“正確做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。兩個非謂語動詞短語在形式上應(yīng)保持一致。
7.Badvertise意為“為……登廣告”。madeinthisfactory作定語修飾product;advertised作賓語補足語。
8.A用不定式的完成式表示動作發(fā)生在(定語)從句謂語動作之前。
9.Dconsider作“考慮”解時,后常接-ing形式(短語)作賓語;作“認為”解時,后常接含有名詞、形容詞或tobe的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
10B由whenyoung可知此處應(yīng)該用不定式的完成式,表示此動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。
11.C由固定短語be(well)preparedfor可知此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓補。
12.D.with+名詞(代詞)+分詞+介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時,其主語常常用with來引導(dǎo)。由于本句中名詞"手"與分詞"綁"是被動關(guān)系,因此用過去分詞,選D.13.B.本題中沒有連詞,它不是復(fù)合句,也不是并列句。句中使用了逗號,且we小寫,可知其不是兩個簡單句。能夠這樣使用的只有獨立主格或with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。據(jù)此判斷,本句中使用的是獨立結(jié)構(gòu),其結(jié)構(gòu)為:名詞+分詞。由于permit在這里翻譯為天氣允許,表主動,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,故選B。如果不會判斷獨立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的形式,不妨將句子改為條件句,例如本句改為Ifweatherpermits,wellgooutforawalk.然后將if去掉,再將謂語動詞改為非謂語動詞即可。
14.D句意:演講完后,開始了熱烈的討論。把握前后主語不一致,動作發(fā)生在之前,故選答案為D.
15.A句意:在其它條件相同的情況下,表達好的人肯定要比語言能力差的人更快地取得成功,前后的主語不一致,故選答案A.
16.A考慮了方方面面之后,原來計劃好的旅行不得不取消了,前后主語不一致,故答案為A。
非謂語動詞內(nèi)容繁多,用法復(fù)雜,是學(xué)生們在英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中的最大難點,也是高考中的必考項目。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)相對來說考查較少,但經(jīng)常放在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中考查;同學(xué)們要想掌握他們的用法,輕松備戰(zhàn)高考,快速準確地解題,不妨牢記非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)基本、特殊用法以及解題“五步驟”,具體內(nèi)容如下:
一.非謂語動詞“五步驟”
1.牢記核心意義。不定式表將來或能夠,動詞ing形式表主動或進行,過去分詞表被動或完
2.分析句子成分。非謂語動詞在句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語、表語、補語以及狀語。
3.尋找邏輯主語,把握,前后主語一致性和主被動關(guān)系。非謂語動詞雖然在語法上沒有主語,但它仍表示的是動作,因此在意義上會有一個動作的發(fā)出者,這個發(fā)出者就是它的邏輯主語。作主語補足語,表語和狀語時,邏輯主語為句子的主語;作賓語補足語,邏輯主語為賓語;作定語,邏輯主語是所修飾的先行詞;復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)自帶邏輯主語。如果非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的是主動關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式的主動式,如果是被動關(guān)系,則用過去分詞或不定式的被動式,如果表被動進行,則用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式或不定式的被動進行式。
4.了解時間關(guān)系。如果非謂語動詞與句子的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生,用一般式;如果發(fā)生在之前,則用完成式,如果強調(diào)正在進行,則用進行時;如果動作在將來發(fā)生,則用不定式。
5.分析特殊情況。主要是指一些習(xí)慣用法,固定搭配等。
二.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的“五步驟”
1.認識獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),建立獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)概念。
最初的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)就是帶邏輯主語的分詞結(jié)構(gòu),它的作用相當(dāng)于狀語。
2.認清獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的來源,理解獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能。
我們清楚地看出獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語和分詞作狀語一樣來源于狀語從句。
3.從邏輯主語的不同認識分詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的區(qū)別。
分詞作狀語和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的區(qū)別就在于邏輯主語的不同,分詞的邏輯主語為主句的主語,獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語就是分詞前邊的名詞或代詞。
4.全面掌握獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能。
要將復(fù)合句或并列句改成簡單句時,應(yīng)注意:要根據(jù)分詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語時邏輯主語的不同情況改寫句子,當(dāng)復(fù)合句或并列句的主語一致時,適合改成分詞作狀語;當(dāng)復(fù)合句或并列句的主語不一致時,適合改成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。
5.熟悉獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的不同類型,全面掌握獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
有時將并列句或復(fù)合句改成簡單句時,應(yīng)注意:原句中含有be動詞時,一律改成being形式,being后面為非名詞時being可忽略。
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)除了分詞式獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)之外,還有介詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式式獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),即帶邏輯主語的介詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式結(jié)構(gòu),可用作伴隨狀語、條件狀語、原因狀語或時間狀語。
1.____theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.
A.TothrowB.ThrownC.ThrowingD.Beingthrowing
2.____inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.
A.TowalkB.WalkingC.WalkedD.Havingwalked
3.IheartheyvepromotedTom,buthedidntmention____whenwetalkedonthephone.
A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromoted
C.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted
4.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposed____assoonaspossible.
A.tobesentB.tosendC.beingsentD.sending
5.____aroundtheWaterCube,wewrethentakentoseetheBirdsNestforthe2008OlympicGames.
A.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.toshow
6.Wehadananxiouscoupleofweeks____fortheresultsoftheexperiment
A.waitB.tobewaitingC.waitedD.waiting
7.____toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.
A.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed
8.Itisoneofthefunniestthings____ontheInternetsofarthisyear.
A.findingB.beingfoundC.tofindD.found
9.____inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.
A.WaitingB.TowaitC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited
10.----Canthose____atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?
-----Noproblem.
A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.sat
11.Hewasbusywritingastory,only_____onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.
A.tostopB.stoppingC.tohavestoppedD.havingstopped
12.Pleaseremain______;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.
A.seatingB.seatedC.toseatD.tobeseated
13.----theyarequiet,arentthey?
----yes.Theyareaccustomed______atmeal.
A.totalkB.tonottalkC.totalkingD.tonottalking
14.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish______asmuchaswecan.
A.speakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak
15.Lucysnewjobpaidtwiceasmuchasshehadmade_____intherestaurant.
A.workingB.workC.toworkD.worked
16.Thesoldierfellasleep________.
A.withthecandleburningB.burningthecandle
C.whenhewasburningthecandleD.whenburningthecandle
17.________,theTiananmenSquarelooksmorebeautiful.
A.BeingonB.Whenbeingon
C.WithallthelightsonD.Whenitturnsonallthelights
18.____thenotice,hehadanidea.
A.WhenhewaswatchingB.WatchingC.WhenwatchingD.alltheabove
19.______thenotice,anideacametohismind.
A.WhenhewaswatchingB.WatchingC.WhenwatchingD.alltheabove
參考答案:1-5CBBAC6-10DDDCC11-15BBDCA16-19ACDA高考英語二輪非謂語動詞教案
高考英語二輪非謂語動詞精講及訓(xùn)練
動詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞)和動名詞統(tǒng)稱為非謂語動詞。動詞不定式、過去分詞及v-ing形式在句中均不能作謂語,所以叫做非謂語動詞。
現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞合為一大類叫作v+ing形式。這些動詞的形式不能在句中單獨作謂語用,因而沒有語法主語。但可以有邏輯主語。由于沒有語法主語,也就不受人稱和數(shù)的限定,因為不是謂語,也就沒有時態(tài)和語態(tài),但這些詞仍能表示動作和狀態(tài),所以仍有表示與其他動詞相對時間關(guān)系的形式。由于與其它詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,因此也有表示主、被動的形式,同時也有自己的賓語和狀語,一起構(gòu)成非謂語動詞的短語(動詞不定式短語,分詞短語,動名詞短語)。非謂語動詞在英語語法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非謂語動詞形式多樣,應(yīng)用廣泛,且在句中起著很活躍的作用,也是語法項目中的重點和難點,學(xué)好非謂語動詞,才能正確進行口語和書面的交流。
(一)動詞不定式:
動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成,如:tostudy,toplay,動詞不定式雖然不能作謂語動詞用,但仍留著動詞的特征,它可以帶有所需要的賓語或狀語而構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語,如:tostudyhard,toplaytabletennis。
1.動詞不定式的形式變化:動詞不定式有下列時態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式變化。
語態(tài)式一般式完成式進行式完成進行式
主動tobuildtohavebuilttobebuildingtohavebeenbuilding
被動tobebuildtohavebeenbuild
2.動詞不定式的基本用法:動詞不定式能起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用,可在句中作主語、表語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語用,如:
(1)作主語:Tohelpeachotherisgood.(動詞不定式作主語時,一般可用it作形式主語,而將作主語的動詞不定式置于句末,如:Itisgoodtohelpeachother.
(2)作表語:Myjobistodrivethemtothepowerstationeveryday.動詞不定式在系動詞be之后作表語,與表示將來時的be+動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有所區(qū)別,如:Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我們的計劃是給農(nóng)民子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。(句中的謂語動詞為is,動詞不定式tosetup…為表語,主語為plan,但plan并不是動詞不定式的邏輯主語,即動詞不定式tosetup所表示的動作不是主語plan產(chǎn)生的。)Wearetosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我們將為農(nóng)民的子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。(句中的aretosetup整個結(jié)構(gòu)為句中謂語,主語為we,同時也是動詞不定式tosetup所表示的動作的邏輯主語,即動詞不定式tosetup所表示的動作是由we產(chǎn)生的)。
(3)作賓語:①作及物動詞的賓語,如:Shewishestobeamusician.;②作某些形容詞的賓語:可以有動詞不定式為賓語的形容詞一般有g(shù)lad,sorry,afraid,pleased,determined,willing,eager,anxious,ready,sure等,如:Iamdeterminedtogiveupsmoking.;③動詞不定式一般不作介詞的賓語,但動詞不定式之前如有疑問詞時,就可作介詞的賓語,如:Canyougiveussomeadviceonwhattodonext?
(4)作賓語補足語,如:Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.如果句中的謂語動詞為see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等,作賓語補足語的動詞不定式須將to省去,如:Isawalittlegirlrunacrossthestreet.
(5)動詞不定式在句中作賓語,如帶有賓語補足語時,須先用it作形式賓語,而將該動詞不定式后置,如:Idon’tthinkitrighttodoitthatway.
(6)作定語:動詞不定式作定語時,須位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后,如:Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?和定語用的動詞不定式如果是不及物動詞,不定式后面就要用必要的介詞,如:Heisthemantodependon.如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place,time,way,不定式后面的介詞,習(xí)慣上可以省去,如:Theoldmanislookingforaquietplacetolive.
(7)作狀語:動詞不定式可以作下列的狀語:①目的狀語:EverymorninghegetsupveryearlytoreadEnglish.為了強調(diào)不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加inorderto或soasto(以便或為了),但應(yīng)注意inorderto位于句首或句中均可,而soasto不能位于句首,如:ShereadsChinaDailyeverydayinorderto(soasto)improveherEnglish.將表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可強調(diào)目的的作用,如:Tomasteraforeignlanguage,onemustworkhardatit.②結(jié)果狀語:Theylivedtoseetheliberationoftheirhometown.他們活到親眼見到了他們家鄉(xiāng)的解放。③too+形容詞或副詞+動詞不定式,表示“足能…”的結(jié)果,如:Youareoldenoughtotakecareofyourselfnow.
3.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式:由for+名詞(或代詞賓格)+動詞不定式即構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞不定式。其中for本身無意義。for后面的名詞或代詞是不定式的邏輯主語,這種不定式在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語或狀語,如:Itisveryimportantforustogeteverythingreadyfortheharvest.當(dāng)作表語用的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語的性質(zhì)或特征時,就用介詞of而不用for引出不定式的邏輯主語,這些形容詞一般有g(shù)ood,nice,kind,wise,silly,stupid,foolish,right,wrong,careless,impolite等,如:Itisverykindofyoutohelphimeveryday.
4.疑問詞+動詞不定式:疑問代詞和疑問副詞后可加動詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語,在句中可作主語、表語或賓語,如:Howtopreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.
5.動詞不定式的否定式:動詞不定式的否定式是由not+動詞不定式構(gòu)成,如:It’swrongofyounottoattendthemeeting.
6.動詞不定式的時態(tài)形式所表示的時間關(guān)系:(1)一般式:動詞不定式一般式所表示的動作是和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生,但在多數(shù)情況下,是在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后發(fā)生,如:Wedecidedtoplantmoretreesthisspring.(其后),Theyoftenwatchusplaytabletennis.(同時);(2)完成式:動詞不定式完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,如:Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.(3)進行式:動詞不定式進行式所表示的動作正在進行中,而且與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生,如:ShehappenedtobewritingaletterintheroomwhenIcamein.
7.動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)用法:如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語為這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時,不定式一般就用被動語態(tài)形式,如:Whatistobedonenexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.
(二)動詞-ing形式:動詞的-ing形式也是一種非謂語動詞。-ing形式仍保留有動詞的特征,可以帶有其所需要的賓語或狀語而構(gòu)成-ing短語。
1.-ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式。及物動詞的-ing還有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài),而不及物動詞的-ing則沒有被動語態(tài)?,F(xiàn)在以及物動詞make和不及物動詞go為例,將其-ing各種形式列表如下:
動詞語態(tài)
形式及物動詞make不及物動詞go
主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)
一般式makingbeingmadegoing
完成式havingmadehavingbeenmadehavinggone
2.-ing形式的基本用法。
(1)作主語:Seeingisbelieving.百聞不如一見。Talkingiseasierthandoing.–ing作主語時,如果其結(jié)構(gòu)較長,可用it作形式主語,而將作主語的-ing后置。如:Itisn’tmuchgoodwritingtothemagain.It’snousewaitinghere.
(2)作表語:Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.
(3)作賓語:①作及物動詞的賓語。Shelikesdrawingverymuch;②作某些短語動詞的賓語。MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork;③do+限定詞(my,some,any,the等)+-ing,表示“做…事”之意,如:WeoftendoourcleaningonSaturdayafternoon.WillyoudoanyshoppingonSaturdaythisafternoon?④作介詞的賓語:Hersisterisgoodatlearningphysics;⑤作形容詞worth,busy等的賓語:Thisbookiswellworthreading.–ing作賓語帶有賓語補足語時,要用it作為形式賓語,而將作賓語的-ing后置,如:Wefounditnogoodtalkinglikethat.Doyouthinkitnecessarytryingagain?
(4)作定語:Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.Doyouknowthemanstandingatthegate?注:-ing形式作定語用時,如果-ing只是一個單詞,就位于其修飾的名詞之前,如果是-ing短語,就位于其修飾的名詞之后,-ing作定語時,被-ing所修飾的名詞就是該-ing的邏輯主語。另外,-ing作定語用時,其動作和句子謂語動詞所表示的動作是同時進行的,如果不是同時進行的,就不能用-ing作定語,要使用定語從句,如:ThegirlwhowrotealetterthereyesterdaycanspeakEnglishverywell.
(5)作賓語補足語:Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.注:當(dāng)-ing在復(fù)合賓語中作賓語補足語用時,句中賓語就是這個-ing的邏輯主語,可以帶有這種復(fù)合賓語的動詞有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。
(6)作狀語:①時間狀語:SeeingTom,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofhisbrother.分詞在句中作時間狀語時,其前一般可加when或while,如:Whencrossingstreet,youmustbecareful.②原因狀語:Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.③方式或伴隨狀語:MarystoodattheschoolgatewaitingforBetty.
3.主動語態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。主動語態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,一般在句中作時間或原因狀語用。句中的主語是它的邏輯主語,并且是它所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者,如:Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.
4.被動語態(tài)-ing一般式的基本用法。被動語態(tài)-ing一般式所表示的動作是一個正在進行中的被動動作,而且這個被動動作也是和句中謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生的。它一般在句中作定語或狀語用。如:Thetruckbeingrepairedthereisours.
5.被動語態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。被動語態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,在句中一般作狀語用。如:Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.
6.-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。在-ing前加物主代詞或名詞所有格即構(gòu)成-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的物主代詞或名詞所有格為-ing的邏輯主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語或表語,如:Yoursmokinganddrinkingtoomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.但在口語中,這種結(jié)構(gòu)如作賓語用,其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞的賓格,名詞的所有格常用名詞的普通格代替,如:SheinsistedonPeter’s(orPeter)goingtherefirst.
7.-ing形式與動詞不定式在句中作主語、表語、賓語時的區(qū)別。一般說來,表示一個比較抽象或泛指的動作時多用-ing形式。表示一個具體某一次的動作時,多用動詞不定式,如:Ourjobismakingsteel.Shelikesplayingthepiano,butshedoesn’twanttoplayittoday.
8.-ing形式與動詞不定式在句中作定語的區(qū)別。-ing形式作定語用時,其動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動詞同時發(fā)生,而動詞不定式作定語時,其動作一般發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞所表示的動作之后。如:ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell./Ihavethreeletterstowrite.
9.-ing形式與動詞不定式在作賓語補足語時的區(qū)別。(1)不定式作賓補時,其動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后,如:Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.(2)在see,watch,hear,feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作賓補,表示其動作正在進行中,而用不帶to的不定式作賓補時,不定式所表示的動作是一個動作的過程,如:Ihearhersingingintheroom.我聽見她正在屋里唱歌。Ihearhersingintheroom.我聽見她在屋里唱過歌。
10.-ing形式與動詞不定式在句中作狀語的區(qū)別。-ing形式在句作狀語表示時間、原因、方式或伴隨情況,而動詞不定式一般式在句中作狀語時,一般是作目的或結(jié)果狀語,如:Notreceivinghisletter,Iwrotetohimagain./Ilookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.
(三)過去分詞:
1.過去分詞的基本用法:過去分詞只有一種形式,也沒有主動語態(tài),它所表示的動作是一個被動的或是已完成的動作。過去分詞在句中也可用作定語、表語、賓語或狀語等成分。過去分詞在句中作某種成分時,其邏輯主語一般為該分詞所表示的動作的承受者,如:
(1)作定語:過去分詞作定語時,如果這個分詞是一個單詞,就位于其修飾的名詞之前,如果是分詞短語,就位于其修飾的名詞之后。被過去分詞所修飾的名詞,就是該分詞的邏輯主語,如:Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.
(2)作表語:過去分詞作表語時,表示其邏輯主語所處的狀態(tài),其邏輯主語就是句中的主語,如:Theglassisbroken.這個玻璃杯是破的。注:過去分詞作表語時,和動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似,但兩者表達的意義不同,如:Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.這個玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表語用的過去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞,如:crowded,devoted,discouraged,done,dressed,drunk,experienced,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,killed,known,learned,lost,pleased,satisfied,shut,surprised,tired,undressed,worried,astonished,broken,completed,covered等。
(3)作賓語補足語:過去分詞作賓語補足語時,句中的賓語就是其邏輯主語,如:WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundthegroundcoveredbyfallenleaves.注:動詞have后的復(fù)合賓語中,賓語補足語如為過去分詞,常表示該分詞所表示的動作是由別人來執(zhí)行的而不是句中主語自己來執(zhí)行的,如:Ihadmybikerepairedyesterday.昨天我(找別人)把我的自行車給修了。
(4)作狀語:過去分詞作狀語時,相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句,該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語一般都是主句的主語,是過去分詞所表示意義的邏輯賓語。為了使作狀語的過去分詞意義更加明確,常在分詞前加when,if,while,though,as等連詞,如:Seenfromthehill/Whenseenfromthehill,ourtownlooksbeautiful.;Givenmoretime/Ifgivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.(we是該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語,是give的邏輯賓語。)
獨立主格:上述-ing和過去分詞的用法中,-ing和過去分詞在句中均有邏輯主語,但有時它們也能有自己的獨立的主語,這種獨立的主語,一般為名詞或代詞,位于其前之前,和-ing或過去分詞構(gòu)成獨立主格。獨立主格在句中一般只作狀語用,而-ing和過去分詞作用的形式,則要根據(jù)它們所表示的動作和句中謂語動詞所表示的時間關(guān)系而定。至于獨立主格中是使用-ing或是過去分詞,則要根據(jù)它們的主語和其所表示的動作的主動被動關(guān)系而定,如:Thebellringing,weallstoppedtalking.注:Theworkhavingbeenfinished,shesatdowntohavearest.①獨立結(jié)構(gòu)中的being或havingbeen常可省去,如:Themeeting(being)over,alllefttheroom.②作伴隨狀語的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)??捎脀ith短語來代替,如:Shereadtheletter,tearsrollingdownhercheeks./Shereadtheletterwithtearsrollingdownhercheeks.
2.-ing形式與過去分詞的區(qū)別:
(1)語態(tài)不同:-ing形式表示主動概念,及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動概念。aninspiringspeech鼓舞人心的演說;theinspiredaudience受鼓舞的聽眾。
(2)時間關(guān)系不同:現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作一般是正在進行中的動作,而過去分詞所表示的動作,往往是已經(jīng)完成的動作,如:Thechangingworld正在發(fā)生的世界;thechangedworld已經(jīng)起了變化的世界。
重難點剖析:
1.Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecould_______agoodcollege.
A.enterB.toenterC.enteringD.entered
陷阱:容易誤選A。有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動詞could就斷定此處應(yīng)填動詞原形enter。
分析:其實正確答案應(yīng)是B。此句為省略句,即在could后省略了動詞do,若把句子補完整應(yīng)為Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecoulddotoenteragoodcollege。即句中的不定式短語(toenteragoodcollege)是用作目的狀語的,而不是與情態(tài)動詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語。請再看類似例句:
(1)Theydidwhattheycouldtocomforther.他們盡量安慰她。
(2)Theydideverythingtheycouldtosaveherlife.他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3)Hestudiesashardashecouldtocatchupwithhisclassmates.他拼命學(xué)習(xí)以便趕上他的同學(xué)。
值得指出的是,這也并不是說今后只要遇到類似結(jié)構(gòu)的題就一定選帶to不定式。請看以下試題:
(4)Heranasfastashecould_____tocatchtheearlybus.
A.tohopeB.hopeC.hopingD.hoped
此題的答案是C不是A,其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語hopingtocatchtheearlybus用作伴隨狀語。
(5)Hespenteveryminutehecould_____spokenEnglish.
A.practiseB.topracticeC.practisingD.practised
此題答案選C,這與前面動詞spent的搭配有關(guān),即spend…(in)doingsth。若將此句補充完整,即為HespenteveryminutehecouldspendinpractisingspokenEnglish.
(6)Beforegoingabroadhedevotedallhecould____D____hisoralEnglish.
A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimproving
此題答案選D,注意兩點:一是devote…to…是固定搭配,意為“把……貢獻給……”;二是其中的to是介詞,不是不定式符號,后接動詞時要用動名詞。
2.Heknowsnothingaboutit,sohecan’thelp_______anyofyourwork.
A.doingB.todoC.beingdoingD.tobedone
陷阱:容易誤選B,根據(jù)can’thelpdoingsth這一結(jié)構(gòu)推出。
分析:其實答案應(yīng)選A。比較以下結(jié)構(gòu):
can’thelptodosth=不能幫助做某事
can’thelpdoingsth=禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一題,答案也是B:
Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.
AcleaningB.tocleanC.cleanedD.beingcleaned
再請看以下試題:
Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.
A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded
此題應(yīng)選C,句中的can’thelp意為“禁不住”(注意根據(jù)句意用被動形式)。
3.Allhertime_______experiments,shehasnotimeforfilms.
A.devotedtodoB.devotedtodoingC.devotingtodoingD.isdevotedtodoing
陷阱:幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
分析:此題最佳答案為B?,F(xiàn)分析如下:
(1)devote意為“致力于,獻身于”,主要用devote…to…或bedevotedto,其中的to是介詞,不是不定式符號,故后接動詞時要用動名詞,不用不定式。
(2)選A錯誤:若將do改為doing則可以。
(3)選B正確:allhertimedevotedtodoingexperiments為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),用作狀語。
(4)選C錯誤:因為allhertime與devote為被動關(guān)系,故應(yīng)將devoting改為devoted。
(5)選D錯誤:若單獨看Allhertimeisdevotedtodoingexperiments,此句并沒有錯,但問題是逗號前后兩個簡單句沒有必要的連接方式,所以從整體上看仍不對,假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,則可選D,或?qū)將中的is改為being也可選它。
請做以下類似題(答案均選A):
(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,we’rereadytostart.
A.completedB.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.beencompleted
(2)Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.
A.being,supportB.was,supportC.hasbeen,supportingD.is,tosupport
比較以下各題,答案選B,因為句中使用了并列連詞and:
(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,andwe’rereadytostart.
A.completedB.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.beencompleted
(2)Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.
A.being,supportB.was,supportC.hasbeen,supportingD.is,tosupport
4.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.
A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake
陷阱:容易誤選C,受題干中的逗號的影響,認為是現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果的用法。
分析:其實答案應(yīng)選B,句中的逗號相當(dāng)于連詞and或but,nottomakeitmoredifficult是對逗號前的不定式tomakelifeeasier的補充說明。此句的意思是“新技術(shù)的目的是為了使生活變得更容易,而不是使生活變得更困難”。兩個不定式同時用以說明句子主語purpose的內(nèi)容。請做以下類似試題(答案選B):
Thepurposeoftheschemeisnottohelptheemployersbut_____workforyoungpeople.
A.provideB.toprovideC.providingD.provided
5.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands______behindhisback.
A.tobetiedB.beingtiedC.tiedD.havingtied
陷阱:容易誤選B。
分析:最佳答案為C。從意義上看,hands與tie的關(guān)系應(yīng)屬被動關(guān)系,故排除D。在A、B、C三個選項中,選項A比較容易排除,因為不定式表示將來意義,在此與語境不符?,F(xiàn)將B和C作一比較:B為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式,它表示兩層意義,一是表被動,二是表進行,也就是說hishandsbeingtied的實際意思是“他的手正在被捆住”,這顯然與語境不符。而C為過去分詞,它也表示兩層意義,一是表被動,二是表示動詞的完成或完成后的狀態(tài),此句中的withhishandstiedbehindhisback可視為手被捆在背后的一種狀態(tài)。由此可知最佳答案為C。請看下面一題:
Anyone______tryingtotakeknivesonheardflightswouldbecaughtbythepolice.
A.findsB.foundC.beingfoundD.willfind
答案選B而不選C,其中的過去分詞表示被動和完成。
比較下面兩題,最佳答案是D不是A,現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式表示被動和進行:
(1)Thecourthearsabout120casesayear;visitorsarewelcometoseeacase______.
A.arguedB.tobearguedC.tobearguingD.beingargued
(2)Thesilenceofthelibrarywassometimesbrokenbyanoccasionalcoughorbythesoundofpages_______.
A.turnedB.havingturnedC.tobeturnedD.beingturned
6.Remindme_______themedicinetomorrow.
A.oftakingB.takingC.totakeD.take
陷阱:容易誤選A。受remindsbof(doing)sth這一常用結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。
分析:最佳答案為C。比較以下三個結(jié)構(gòu):
remindsbof[about]sth=使某人想起某事
remindsbofdoingsth=提醒某人做過某事(暗示動作已發(fā)生)
remindsbtodosth=提醒某人去做某事(暗示動作尚未發(fā)生)
請看兩個例句:
Iremindedhimofhispromise.我提醒他做過的諾言。
Mywiferemindedmeofseeingthatfilm.我妻子提醒我曾經(jīng)看過那部電影。
Canyouremindmetophonehertomorrow?你明天能否提醒我給她打電話?
7.Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternational,_____constantlywillbepartofyourlife.
A.youflyB.yourflightC.flightD.flying
陷阱:幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
分析:最佳答案為D。由于空格后出現(xiàn)了constantly這一副詞,這就說明不能選B或C,因為B、C均為名詞,不能受副詞constantly的修飾。A和D均是可能的,因為其中有動詞fly。但若選A,youfly是一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu),與其后的謂語willbe相沖突,所以只能選D,即動名詞flying在此用作主語。
8.Notonlyshouldyougetused______underdifficultconditionsbutyoualsoyoupaymoreattention______yourworkwell.
A.towork,todoB.toworking,todoingC.towork,todoingD.toworking,todo
陷阱:容易誤選A,認為兩個空白處均應(yīng)填不定式。
分析:正確答案為B,因為getusedto與payattentionto這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)中的to均為介詞,不是不定式符號,故后接動詞時要用動名詞,不能動詞原形。類似地,以下各結(jié)構(gòu)中的to也是介詞,不是不定式符號,后接動詞時也應(yīng)用動名詞,而不是動詞原形:
lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事
beopposedtodoingsth反對做某事
objecttodoingsth反對做某事
sticktodoingsth堅持做某事
getdowntodoingsth開始做某事
taketodoingsth喜歡上做某事
admittodoing承認做了某事
payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事
devoteone’stimetodoingsth把某人的時間用于(奉獻于)做某事
beequaltodoingsth等于做某事,能勝任做某事
Whatdoyousaytodoingsth你認為做某事怎么樣
9.Bothofmyparentsinsisted_______acomputerforme,butIdon’tthinkitisnecessary.
A.tobuyB.buyingC.onbuyingD.inbuying
陷阱:容易誤選B,誤認為insist后不能接不定式,但可以接動名詞。
分析:答案應(yīng)選C。其實,動詞insist后既不能接不定式也不能接動名詞,因為insist通常用作不及物動詞;若語義上需接賓語,要借助介詞on或upon,即用于insiston[upon](doing)sth;但它有時的確也可用作及物動詞,不過其賓語通常只能是that從句,而不能是普通的名詞、代詞或動名詞。如:
Heinsistedonseeingherhome.他堅持送她回家。
Iinsistedthathe(should)stay.我堅持要他留下。
10.“Doyouhaveanythingmore______,sir?”“No.Youcanhavearestordosomethingelse.”
A.typingB.tobetypedC.typedD.totype
陷阱:容易誤選D,根據(jù)havesthtodo這一常用結(jié)構(gòu)推出。
分析:最佳答案是B。確實,在“have+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中,用作定語的不定式通常用主動式表示被動含義,如Ihavesomeclothestowash等,即盡管其中的someclothes與其后的不定式towash具有被動關(guān)系,但卻習(xí)慣上用主動式表示被動意義。但值得指出的是,這類句型的主語與其后的不定式具有主動關(guān)系,如Ihavesomeclothestowash中的towash就是由該句主語I來完成的。而上面一題的情形有所不同,即其中的totype這一動作不是由句子主語you來完成的,而是由說話者“我”來完成的。比較:
AreyougoingtoShanghai?Doyouhaveanythingtotaketoyourson?你要去上海嗎?你有什么東西要帶給你兒子嗎?
I’mgoingtoShanghainextweek.Ihavealotofthingstotakewithme.下個星期我要去上海,我隨身要帶很多東西去。
11.Shetookherson,ranoutofthehouse,_____himinthecaranddrovequicklytothenearestdoctor’soffice.
A.putB.toputC.puttingD.havingput
陷阱:容易誤選B或C,誤認為這考查非謂語動詞的用法。
分析:正確答案選A。句中的took,ran,put,drove為四并列的謂語動詞,其時態(tài)應(yīng)一致。類似地如(答案選A):
Igotoutofthetaxi,_____thefareanddashedintothestation.
A.paidB.payingC.topayD.havingpaid
但是,下面一題稍有不同:
Hearingthenews,herushedout,______thebook______onthetableanddisappearedintothedistance.
A.left;lainopenB.leaving;lyingopenC.leaving;lieopenedD.left;layopened
此題答案選B,leaving在此表結(jié)果,lyingopen與其前的動詞leave有關(guān),leave后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語,表示使某人或某物處于做某事的狀態(tài)中。
12.Thebossinsistedthateveryminute______madefulluseof______theworkwell.
A.be,todoB.was,doingC.be,doingD.was,todo
陷阱:容易誤選B。
分析:其實正確答案是A。分析如下:
(1)第一空填be,是因為insisted后接that從句,從句謂語要用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣,其中的should也可省略。
(2)第二空要填todo,是因為此句謂語為被動語態(tài),假若將此句轉(zhuǎn)換成主動語態(tài),則是…shouldmakefulluseofeveryminutetodotheworkwell,句中涉及makeuseof…todosth(利用……做某事)這一結(jié)構(gòu)。另外,還有makethemostof(盡量利用),makethebestof(盡量利用)等短語也可能用于此類試題。請看以下類似例子:
(1)Theoldprofessortolduseverypartofthematerialsshouldbemadeuseof______thepowerstation.
A.tobuildB.buildingC.buildD.built
此題答案選A,不是B。為便于理解,可先考慮以下結(jié)構(gòu):
…makeuseofeverypartofthematerialstobuildthepowerstation
由此可見,makeuseof的賓語是everypartofthematerials,其后的不定式tobuildthepowerstation為目的狀語。
(2)Doesthewayyouthoughtof_______thewatercleanmakeanysense?
A.makingB.tomakeC.howtomakeD.havingmade
13.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.
A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout
陷阱:幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
分析:答案選A。此句結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜,現(xiàn)分析如下:
(1)thattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear是修飾名詞theplan的定語從句。
(2)由于theplan與空格處的carryout有被動關(guān)系,故填過去分詞carriedout。
請做以下類似試題:
(1)Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike_____withyou,aboyoragirl?
A.tohavegoB.tohavetogoC.tohavegoneD.havingtogo
在確定答案之前,我們先來看看下面這個句子:
IthinkI’dliketohaveaboygowithme.
句中的go要用原形,這是因為其前有表示使役的動詞have。在此句中,假若對名詞aboy提問,便可得出:
Whodoyouthinkyou’dliketohavegowithyou?
對照上面一題,答案很顯然是A。
(2)Whodidtheboss_____hiscarthistime?
A.makewashB.maketowashC.makewashingD.makingtowash
在做此題之前,也請先看看下面這個句子:
ThebossmadeJackwashhiscarthistime.
假若對句中的名詞Jack提問,便可得出:
Whodidthebossmakewashhiscarthistime?
由此可知上面題答案為A。
(3)YoucanneverimaginewhatgreatdifficultyIhad______yourhouseallbymyself.
A.foundB.findingC.tofindD.forfinding
此題答案選B??疾榈幕窘Y(jié)構(gòu)是havegreatdifficulty(in)doingsth。
14.Howhappyweare!Theholidaywehavebeenlookingforward_______atlast.
A.tohascomeB.tohavecomeC.tohavingcomeD.hascome
陷阱:幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
分析:其實正確答案是A。大家知道,短語lookforwardto意為“盼望”,其中的to是介詞,而不是不定式符號,所以后接動詞要用動名詞,許多同學(xué)據(jù)此便選擇了C。但問題是,句中介詞to的賓語不是havecome,而是theholiday。正解的句子分析是:theholiday為句子主語,wehavebeenlookingforwardto是修飾主語的定語從句(介詞to的賓語是引導(dǎo)該定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that,被省略),hascome是句子謂語。請做以下類似試題:
(1)Themanyoureferredto_____justnow.
A.comesB.comeC.comingD.came
答案選D,句子主語為theman,youreferredto為修飾theman的定語從句,空白處填came,為句子謂語。
(2)Thetheoryhesticksto______tobeofnouseinourstudies.
A.provesB.proveC.provingD.beproved
答案選A,hesticksto是修飾主語thetheory的定語從句,句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為Thetheoryprovestobeofnouseinourstudies.
(3)Theworkhedevotedhistimeto_____worthpraising.
A.wasB.beC.beingD.been
答案選A,hedevotedhistimeto是修飾主語thework的定語從句。句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為Theworkwasworthpraising.
(4)Ithinkthisistheveryworkthatwemustfinish____her.
A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped
答案是A。句中空格處填的動詞help并不是finish的賓語,正確的句子分析是:thatImustfinish是修飾名詞theverywork的定語從句,finish的賓語是引導(dǎo)該定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that,其后的不定式tohelpher是目的狀語。
(5)Whichdoyouenjoy____yourweekend,swimmingorfishing?
A.spendingB.beingspentC.spendD.tospend
答案選D。enjoy的賓語是句首的疑問詞which,不是其后的動詞spending。此題中的tospend…用作目的狀語。
(5)Whattheboyenjoys_____tohavearoomofhisown.
A.beingB.tobeC.isD.are
答案選C,而不選A。whattheboyenjoys是主語從句,空格處填的is為謂語動詞。
(6)Nothingthathesuggested_____tobeofanyuse.
A.proveB.provedC.provingD.toprove
答案選B,而不選C。句子主語是nothing,thathesuggested是修飾主語的定語從句,suggested的賓語是引導(dǎo)該定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that,而不是其后的動詞;句子謂語是proved。全句意為“他建議的情況沒有一條是有用的?!?br>
(7)Theoldhousewepaidavisit_____atthetopofthehill.
A.standingB.tostandC.tostandingD.tostands
答案選D。wepaidavisitto是修飾theoldhouse的定語從句,句中的stands為主句謂語。
(8)Thelifeheisnowused_____quitedifferentfromours.
A.isB.tobeC.tobeingD.tois
答案選D。句中heisnowusedto是修飾thelife的定語從句,to后的動詞is是句子的謂語,句意為“他現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣的這種生活與我們的生活很不相同”。
(9)Theworkhepaidspecialattention_____tonothing.
A.cameB.tocomeC.tocomingD.tocame
答案選D。句中的hepaidspecialattentionto是修飾thework的定語從句,to后的動詞came是句子的謂語,句意為“他特別關(guān)注的那項工作泡湯了”。
(10)Theresultwhathesaidwouldlead_____hisregretinthefuture.
A.isB.tobeC.tobeingD.towas
答案選D。句中whathesaidwouldleadto是修飾theresult的定語從句,to后的動詞was是句子的謂語,句意為“他所說的話將導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是他今后的后悔”。
15._______theroadroundtotherightandyou’llfindhishouse.
A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed
陷阱:容易誤選B或C,誤認為這是非謂語動詞作狀語。
分析:正確答案選A。根據(jù)句中的連詞and可推知它是一個并列句。假若將此題改為下面這樣,則答案為B:
_______theroadroundtotheright,you’llfindhishouse.
A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed
但是,若改成下面一題這樣,則答案為C(不定式短語表目的):
_______theroadroundtotheright,theblindmanaskedaboytoguidehim.
A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed
請做以下試題,答案均選A,都是因為句中的并列連詞and(填空句為祈使句):
(1)_______tothetopofthehill,andyoucanseethewholeofthetown.
A.GetB.TogetC.GettingD.Havinggot
(2)______themilkandsetagoodexampletotheotherchildren.
A.DrinkB.TodrinkC.DrinkingD.Havingdrinking
(3)______me,andthentrytocopywhatIdo.
A.WatchB.WatchingC.TowatchD.Havewatching
(4)_____throughthisbookandtellmewhatyouthinkofit.
A.LookB.LookingC.TolookD.Havinglooked
(5)_____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.
A.LeaveB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Whenleft
有時不用連詞連接句子,而用破折號,情況也是一樣(答案均選A)。如:
(6)_____downtheradio—thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.
A.TurnB.TurningC.toturnD.Tohaveturned
(7)_____someofthisjuice—perhapsyouwilllikeit.
A.TryB.TryingC.TotryD.Tohavetried
以下各題也應(yīng)選A,是因為句中的從屬連詞when,before,until等(填空句為祈使句):
(8)______himenoughtimetogethomebeforeyoutelephone.
A.GiveB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given
(9)______leftwhenyougettotheendofthestreet.
A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept
(10)______yourhandoveryourmouthwhenyoucough.
A.PutB.PuttingC.ToputD.Tobeputting
(11)______untilthelightshaveturnedtogreen.
A.WaitB.TowaitC.WaitingD.Havingwaited
(12)______thepiecesofclothwithaloosestitchbeforefinallysewingthemtogether.
A.JoinB.TojoinC.JoiningD.Joined
以下各題也應(yīng)選A,因為填空句為祈使句:
(13)Idon’twanttolistenalongstory—just_____metheresult.
A.tellB.tellingC.totellD.tobetelling
(14)Whystandtherewatching—_____andhelpus!
A.comeB.comingC.tocomeD.tobecoming
(15)Don’twasteyourmoneyonsillythings—______it.
A.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.havingsaved
(16)First______thericebywashingit,then______itinboilingwater.
A.prepare,cookB.preparing,cookingC.preparing,cookD.prepare,cooking
(17)Totesteggs,_____theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebad,iftheysinkthey’regood.
A.putB.puttingC.toputD.tobeputting
但是請注意,類似下面這樣的題目情形有所不同,所填部分為目的狀語(用不定式,即答案選B):
(18)______Frenchwell,shewenttoFrancetolivewithhiscousins.
A.StudyB.TostudyC.StudyingD.Havingstudied
(19)_____lateinthemorning,Mr.Smithturnedoffthealarm.
A.SleepB.TosleepC.SleepingD.Havingslept
(20)______thefliesout,wehadtoshutallthedoorsandwindows.
A.KeepB.TokeepC.KeepingD.Havingkept
(21)______theirservice,theworkersofthehotelareactiveinlearningEnglish.
A.ImprovingB.ToimproveC.ImproveD.Havingimproved
1.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting
2.Whenyou’relearningtodrive,_______agoodteachermakesabigdifference.
A.haveB.havingC.andhaveD.andhaving
3.Ifeltitagreathonour______tospeaktoyou.
A.toaskB.askingC.tobeaskedD.havingasked
4.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone
5.Beforeyoudecidetoleaveyourjob,_______theeffectitwillhaveonyourfamily.
A.considerB.consideringC.toconsiderD.considered
6.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.
A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying
7.ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_______.
A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit
8.Anyone_______bags,boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice.
A.seencarryB.seencarryingC.sawtocarryD.sawcarrying
9.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_______someschoolsforpoorchildren.
A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup
10.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_______.
A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught
11.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_______theflower-linedgarden.
A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin
12.Totesteggs,_______theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebad,iftheysinkthey’regood.
A.putB.puttingC.toputD.tobeputting
13.“WhereisDavid?”“Heisupstairs______readytogoout.”
A.togetB.gettingC.tobegettingD.havinggot
14.“Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?”“________enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.”
A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.tobegetting
15.Hewasreadinghisbook,completely_______totheworld.
A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.tohavelost
16.Welookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhere_______.
A.tofindB.tohavefoundC.tobefoundD.beingfound
17.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_______.
A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo
18.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_______inthekitchen.
A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked
19.Findinghercarstolen,_______.
A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughly
C.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp
20.“Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?”“Thekey______theproblemistomeetthedemand______bythecustomers.”
A.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made
21.“WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?”“_______hernewbike.”
A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing
22.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.
A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun
23.Though________money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.
A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin
24.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.
A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited
25.ThoughIhaveoftenheardthissong_______.Ihaveneverheardyou_______it.
A.beingsung,sangB.sang,singingC.sung,singD.tobesung,tosing
26.Heisamanoffewwords,andseldomspeaksuntil_______to.
A.spokenB.speakingC.speakD.bespoken
27.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson_______.
A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto
28._______ontime,thismedicinewillbequiteeffective.
A.TakingB.BeingtakenC.TakenD.Havingtaken
29.Thefilmstarwalkedtohiscar,______acrowdofjournalists.
A.followedbyB.followingbyC.tofollowD.tobefollowedby
30.Afterdescribingtheplannedimprovements,shewenton_______howmuchtheywouldcost.
A.toexplainB.explainingC.tobeexplainingD.havingexplained
31.Pleaseexcuseme_______yourletterbymistake.
A.toopenB.tohaveopenedC.foropeningD.inopening
32.Pleaseremember_______theplantswhileI’maway.
A.wateringB.tobewateringC.towaterD.beingwatering
33.CertainlyIpostedyourletter—Iremember______it.
A.postingB.topostC.tobepostingD.haveposted
34.Stop_______metohurryup.Icanonlygosofast.
A.totellB.tellingC.tohavetoldD.havingtold
35.Remember_______offthelightwhen_______tobed.
A.turning,goingB.toturn,togoC.turning,togoD.toturn,going
36._______time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.
A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given
37._______in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.
A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedFoundedD.Founding
38.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe________.
A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars
39.Thepicture_______onthewallispaintedbymynephew.
A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung
40.Withalotofdifficultproblems________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
A.settledB.settingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
41.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.
A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen
42.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.
A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited
43.“Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?”“I’dliketohavethispackage_______.”
A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed
44.Whathavewesaid_______hersohappy?
A.makesB.tomakeC.madeD.hasmade
45.Whatworriedthechildmostwas______tovisithismotherinthehospital.
A.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowedChisbeingnotallowedD.havingnotbeingallowed
46.“Whichsweaterisyours?”“Theone_______No.9.”
A.thatmarkedB.wasmarkedwithC.whichmarkedD.markedwith
47.Ifthecarwon’tstart,_____it.
A.trypushB.trypushingC.totrypushingD.totrytopush
48.Theystayedupuntilmidnight_____theoldyearoutandthenewyearin.
A.andsawB.toseeC.seeingD.forseeing
答案與解析:
1.選D。catchsbdoingsth意為“碰上某人在做某事”或“逮住某人做某事”。
2.選B。這是一個含when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句,havingagoodteacher在主句中用作主語。
3.選C。句中的it為形式主語,不定式tobeaskedtospeaktoyou為真正主語,因“我”與ask為被動關(guān)系,故用被動式。
4.選B。like和love后接不定式或動名詞均可,但wouldlove/like后只能接不定式,據(jù)此可排除選項C、D。表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望,其后要接不定式完成式,即選B。
5.選A,before引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句,填空句為主句,而此主句為一祈使句,故動詞用原形。其中itwillhave…為修飾名詞theeffect的賓語從句。
6.選A。根據(jù)句中的studied可知,他曾到國外留過學(xué),也就是說“留學(xué)”這個動作已結(jié)束并發(fā)生在謂語動作(issaid)之前,故用完成式,即選A。
7.選C。dowith與what連用可以表示“處置”、“放置”、“利用”等。如:
WhatshallIdowithit?怎樣處置它好呢?
Whathaveyoudonewithmyumbrella?你把我的雨傘放到哪里去了?
Idon’tknowwhattodowiththisstrangeobject.我不知道這怪東西有什么用。
8.選B。anyoneseencarryingbags…為anyonewhowasseencarryingbags之略,其中過去分詞短語seencarryingbags…用作定語修飾代詞anyone。另外,句中的whowasseencarryingbags為seesbdoingsth這一結(jié)構(gòu)的被動式。
9.選B。devote…to…的意思是“把……貢獻給……”或“致力于……”,其中to是介詞,不是不定式符號,若后接動詞要用動名詞。句中的hehad為定語從句,用以修飾all,注意不將hadto視為同一個語義結(jié)構(gòu)。
10.選C。leadto意為“導(dǎo)致”,其中的to是介詞,不是不定式符號,若后接動詞要用
動名詞。由于邏輯主語thethief與catch為被動關(guān)系,故答案選C。
11.選D。lookforwardto意為“期盼”,其中to是介詞,后接動詞要用動名詞。注意不能選B,因為payavisit不能帶theflower-linedgarden作賓語,假若在payingavisit后加上介詞to,則可選B。
12.選A。句首的totesteggs為目的狀語,填空句為祈使句謂語,故要用動詞原形。
13.選B?,F(xiàn)在分詞短語表伴隨。
14.選C。togetenoughproteinandnutrition表目的。
15.選A。(be)losttosth為習(xí)語,意為“不再受某事物的影響”、“將某事物置之度外”。
16.選C。因keys與find是被動關(guān)系。
17.選A。不定式的否定式總是將否定詞not置于不定式符號to之前,而不能置于其后,同時結(jié)合tellsb(not)todosth這一結(jié)構(gòu)可排除選項C、D。當(dāng)不定式的動詞是前面已出現(xiàn)過的相同的動詞時,為避免重復(fù),通常省略該不定式而只保留不定式符號to。
18.選B。find后可接現(xiàn)在分詞(表示動作在進行)或過去分詞(表被動關(guān)系)作賓語補足語,但是不接不定式。另外,由于he與smoke是主動關(guān)系,故選B。
19.選D。非謂語動詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語就是句子主語。比較四個選項,findinghercarstolen的邏輯主語顯然是she,而不是apoliceman,thearea,it等,故選D。
20.選B。thekeyto…意為“……的關(guān)鍵”,其中的to是介詞,不是不定式符號,若后接動詞要用動名詞。另一方面,名詞demand與make是被動關(guān)系(makedemands提出要求),同時根據(jù)句中的bythecustomers,可確定答案選B。
21.選C。答句是針對疑問詞what的回答,而問句中的疑問詞what在句中用作主語,所以答句也應(yīng)是一個能用作主語的東西,比較四個選項,只有C合適。其完整回答形式為LosinghernewbikemadeMarysoupset.比較,下面一題要填不定式,因為四個選項中只有Tochooseanewchairman能回答疑問詞why:
“Whywasaspecialmeetingcalled?”“______anewchairman.”
A.ChooseB.Choosing
C.TochooseD.Chosen
22.選D。由于theresearch與begin是被動關(guān)系,故用過去分詞begun。Oncebegun可視為onceitisbegun之省略。
23.選C。由于hisparents與lackmoney(缺錢)是主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞,又因為lack是及物動詞,故后接賓語無需用介詞,故選C。
24.選D。非謂語動詞的否定式要將否定詞not放在整個非謂語動詞之前,據(jù)此可排除A、C。另外,由于Tony與invite是被動關(guān)系,故選D。
25.C。第一空填sung,因為song與sing是被動關(guān)系;第二空填sing,因為you與sing是主動關(guān)系。
26.選A。untilspokento可視為untilheisspokento之略。
27.選C,不定式短語tosenditto用作狀語,修飾其前的名詞theperson。注意句尾的介詞to不能省略,因為被修飾的名詞theperson為介詞to的邏輯賓語。
28.選C。thismedicine與動詞take為被動關(guān)系,故用過去分詞。
29.選A。從句意上看,人群跟在明星后面,反過來,明星便是被人群跟著。
30.選A。goondoingsth=繼續(xù)做同一事情,goontodosth=做完某事后續(xù)繼做某事。
31.選C。excusesbfordoingsth意為“原諒某人做了某事”。
32.選C。rememberdoingsth=記住曾經(jīng)做過的事,remembertodosth=記住要做的事。
33.選A。rememberdoingsth=記住曾經(jīng)做過的事,remembertodosth=記住要做的事。
34.選B。根據(jù)下文的Icanonlygosofast知前文應(yīng)是叫對方不要老催自己快走。比較:stopdoingsth=停止做某事,stoptodosth=停下正在做的事去干另一事。
35.選D。一是分清以下兩個結(jié)構(gòu):remembertodosth=記住做某事,rememberdoingsth=記住曾做過某事;二是注意whengoingtobed相當(dāng)于whenyougotobed。
36.選D。由于動詞give與其邏輯主語he是動賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞,即選D。其中Giventime可視為Ifheisgiventime之略。
37.C。由于Harvard(哈佛大學(xué))與found(建立)是被動關(guān)系,且因句中有in1636,故選C。注意不能選B,否則前后兩句之間缺少必要的連詞。
38.選D,由于remain為不及物動詞,所以包含過去分詞remained的A和C不宜選(因為兩者均含有被動意味);選項B也不宜選,不定式toremain用作修飾20dollars的后置定語,由于彼此之間有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,故不妥(因為remain不及物)。現(xiàn)在分詞remaining的意思是“剩下的“。
39.選B。動詞hang表示“懸掛”時,可用作及物或不及物動詞,此處填hanging或hung均可,但不能填beinghung,因為它表示動作正在進行,而此處表示的是一種懸掛的狀態(tài)。
40選C?!皐ith+名詞+不定式”的意思是“有……要……”。又如:
Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.要洗這些衣服,我無法出去了。
WithsuchgoodcardrestocarryouttheParty’spolicywefeelsafe.有這樣的好干部執(zhí)行黨的政策,我們感到放心。
41.選B。remain作“尚需”解,是連系動詞,其后要接不定式作表語。由于see與it(形式主語,指whethertheywillenjoyit)是動賓關(guān)系,因此用不定式的被動式。
42.選D。否定詞not應(yīng)放在動名詞之前,故排除A、C;又因為Tony與invite是被動關(guān)系,故選D。
43.選D?!癶ave+名詞或代詞+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在此表示“請某人做某事”。
44.選B。tomakehersohappy是結(jié)果狀語。注意詞序Whathavewe…,不是Whatwehave…。比較下面一題(答案選D):
Whatwehavesaid________hersohappy.
A.makesB.tomake
C.madeD.hasmade
45.選B。否定詞not應(yīng)放在-ing形式之前,邏輯主語his之后,由此可排除C和D;又因為thechild與allow是被動關(guān)系,故選B。
46.選D。markedwith可視為whichismarkedwithNo.9之略。
47.選B。注意句首為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,填空句為祈使句,故第一個動詞應(yīng)是try,不應(yīng)是totry;另外,trydoingsth的意思是“做某事試試看有何效果”。
48.選B。不定式表目的。
1.—Canyourideahorse?—No,Ineverhadthechance____.
A.forlearningitB.forlearninghowC.howtolearnitD.tolearnhow
2.Paulsaid,“Givemeachair_____.”
A.tositB.sitC.sitonD.tositon
3.Irantoofast______whereIwasgoing.
A.tonoticeB.formetonoticeC.tonoticeformeD.andnotice
4.—Haveyouenjoyedyourvisithere?—Yes,I’llbeverysorry______.
A.forleavingB.ofleavingC.toleaveD.withleaving
5.—I’llhelpyouwheneveryouneedme.—Good.I’dlike_____metomorrow.
A.youhelpingB.thatyouwillhelpC.youtohelpD.thatyouhelp
6.—Ididn’thearyoucomeinlastnight.—That’sgood.Wetried_____noisy.
A.notbeB.nottobeC.tobenotD.tonotbe
7.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyreduced,thiscityisstill______.
A.agoodplacewhichtobelivedinB.livedasagoodplace
C.agoodplacetoliveinD.livinginasagoodplace
8.—Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?—______newofficers.
A.SelectB.SelectingC.ToselectD.Forselecting
9.—Wheredidhego?—Hewenttoanotherstore______.
A.tobuypencilsB.forbuyingpencilsC.buypencilsD.buyingpencils
10.—Mybabyhasahearttrouble.—Didthedoctorfinditdifficult______?
A.intreatingB.treatingC.fortreatingD.totreat
11.—Didthejudgeaskyoumanyquestions?—Yes,and______.
A.theyweredifficulttobeansweredB.toanswerthemwastobedifficult
C.theyweredifficulttoanswerD.theyhaddifficultyinanswering
12.Thatbeggarseems_____anythingyesterday.
A.nottohaveeatenB.nottoeatC.didn’teatD.tonothaveeaten
13.Thelostchilddesirednothingbut_____home.
A.goB.togoC.goingD.went
14.Thatboxis____.
A.tooheavyformetocarryB.tooheavyformetocarryit
C.soheavyformetocarryD.veryheavyformetocarry
15.Wouldyoube______todomeafavour,please?
A.sokindasB.tookindC.askindasD.enoughkind
16.TolearntospeakEnglishwell,_____.
A.muchpracticeisneededB.oneneedsmuchpractice
C.muchpracticeisneededbyoneD.oneisneededmuchpractice
17.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______losehisjob.
A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto
18.LastsummerItookacourseon______.
A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade
19.Thehouseisnotlargeenough____.
A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forliving
20.Nobodylikes______.
A.tospeakillofB.tobespokenillofC.speakingillofD.spokenillof
21.Iknowhim______agoodfootballplayerwhileincollege.
A.tohavebeenB.tobeC.wasD.hadbeen
22.Iwassurprised______.
A.watchinghimtoeatsoquicklyB.watchhimeatsoquickly
C.watchinghimeatsoquicklyD.towatchhimeatsoquickly
23.Mr.Whitewasseen______thePalaceMuseum.
A.enterB.toenterC.enteredD.toentering
24.IsawMary____thehouse.
A.openthedoorandgointoB.toopenthedoorandtogointo
C.openthedoorandtogointoD.openthedoorandwentinto
25.Pauldoesnothingbut_____alldaylong.
A.playB.toplayC.playingD.played
26.Nowwecouldnotdoanythingbut______forhimhere.
A.waitedB.waitingC.towaitD.wait
27.Idon’tknowherandIdon’t______.
A.wantB.wanttoC.wantitD.towant
28.—Gotothetheatrewithme,willyou?—Ishouldlike______,butIdon’thavetime.
A.toB.tooC.todoD.togoto
29.Toplayfairisasimportantas______.
A.toplaywellB.playwellC.weplaywellD.playingwell
30.Itisthegreatesthappinessonearth______.
A.lovingandtobelovedB.toloveandbeingloved
C.toloveandtobelovedD.loveandbeloved
31._____isbettertolovethan_____.
A.That,tobelovedB.That,belovedC.It,belovedD.It,tobeloved
32.It’sveryfoolish_____it?
A.foryoutosayB.ofyoutosayC.withyousayingD.inyoursaying
33.It______metwohourstofindyournewhouse.
A.costB.tookC.spentD.used
34.Wedidnotexpectouroffer_____soquickly.
A.rejectedB.torejectC.toberejectedD.rejecting
35.Hetoldher______thereatonce.
A.getB.getsC.shouldgetD.toget
36.Weallthinkitmostfoolish______thismistake.
A.foryoumakingB.ofyoutomakeC.youtomakeD.foryoutomake
37.Ireallydon’tknow____.
A.toswimB.howtoswimC.toswimhowD.howswim
38.—WhatdoyouthinkaboutEnglish?—It’sadifficultlanguage_____
A.speakingB.tobespokenC.tospeakD.spoken
1~5DDACC6~10BCCAD11~15CABAA16~20BBAAB
21~25ADBAA26~30DBAAC31~35DBBCD36~38BBC
1.Aliensaidthathistripwas_______.
A.interestedB.interestC.interestingD.ofinterest
2.Wecan’tunderstand______adecisionuntilitistoolate.
A.himtopostponetomakeB.hispostponingtomake
C.himtopostponemakingD.hispostponingmaking
3.Icouldn’tunderstand______atthepoorchild.
A.youtolaughB.youlaughC.whylaughD.youlaughing
4.It’snouse______withhim.Youmightaswell______withastonewall.
A.arguing,argueB.toargue,arguingC.arguing,arguingD.toargue,argue
5.Itisnogood______today’sworkfortomorrow.
A.toleaveB.leavingC.thatyouleaveD.leave
6.Theoldman’s______pityonthesnakeledtohisowndeath.
A.takeB.takingC.beingtakenD.have
7.It’sverykind______you______sayso.
A.of,toB.for,toC.to,toD.of,/
8.Somepeople’sgreatestpleasureis______.
A.fishingB.tofishC.tobefishD.beingfishing
9.Remember______thebook,whenyouhavefinishedit.
A.puttingbackB.havingputbackC.toputbackD.willputback
10.Youdidn’thearuscomebacklastnight.That’sgood.Wetried______noisy.
A.tonotbeB.nottobeC.beingnotD.notbeing
11.Thoughhefailed,hetried_______itagainandagain.
A.todoB.doingC.doD.done.
12.You’llregret______thosewords.Youmayhurtherfeelings.
A.sayB.tosayC.havingsaidD.tohavesaid
13.Youcankeepthebookuntilyou______.
A.havefinishedreadingB.finishtoread
C.willfinishreadingD.havefinishedtoread
14.Wearelookingforwardto______anotherchance______itagain.
A.begiven,totryB.give,totryC.giving,tryingD.having,totry
15.Mostofthestudentsenjoy_____stamps.
A.collectB.tocollectC.collectingD.collected
16.Excusemefor_____inwithout______.
A.coming,askingB.coming,beingasked
C.tocome,askingD.tocome,beingasked
17.Peoplecouldn’thelp______thefoolishgirl.
A.laughatB.tolaughatC.laughingatD.laughing
18.“Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?”“Oh.excellent,it’sworth_______asecondtime.”
A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread
19.“Iusuallygotherebytrain.”“Whynot______byboatforachange?”
A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing
20.Iwastooexcited______.
A.speakB.tospeakC.nottospeakD.speaking
21.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.
A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented
22.Itisnouse_____tocomenow.Heisbusy.
A.askhimB.toaskhimC.thatyouaskhimD.askinghim
23.Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands_______behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied
24.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter____afterdrinking.
A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdriviD.neverdrive.
25.Thecomputercentre,______lastyearisverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.
A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened.
26.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?
A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying
27.Mostoftheartists______totheparty‘werefromSouthAfrica.
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited
28.Englishisalanguage______inmanycountries.
A.spokenB.speakingC.bespokenD.tospeak
29.“Canyouread?”Marysaidtothenotice.
A.angrily,pointingB.andpointangrily
C.angrily,pointedD.andangrilypointing
30.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstofTight.
A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed
31.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven
32._____theirstudents,thefamousteachercameintothehall.
A.FollowedB.Followedby
C.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowed
33.Yourflatneeds_____.Wouldyoulikemeitforyou?
A.toclean,todoB.cleaning,doing
C.cleaning,todoD.tobecleaned,doing
34.Doesyournewsecretary____shorthand?
A.knowtotakeB.knowhowtotakeC.knowhowtakeD.knowhowtaking
35.Tommyhadhisbigbrother_____hisshoesforhim.
A.totieB.tieC.tiedD.tying
36.Wouldyouplease______writeonthetextbooks?
A.don’tB.nottoC.notD.tonot
37.I’d______theoperationunlessitisabsolutelynecessary.
A.rathernothaveB.rathernottohaveC.notratherhadD.rathernothaving
38.YourmotherandIarelookingforward________you.
A.ofseeingB.forseeingC.toseeD.toseeing
39.Thegirlcouldn’t_____howredhisfacewas.
A.helptonoticeB.behelpingtonoticeC.behelpingnoticingD.helpnoticing
40.Excuseme,butitistimetohaveyourtemperature______.
A.takingB.totakeC.takeD.taken
答案
1~5CDDAB6~10BAACB11~15BCADC16~20BCCDB21~25CDDAD26~30DAAAB31~35ABCBB36~40CADDD
1.Thereisnoquestionof_____abletofinishithimself.
A.TomwasB.Tom’sbeingC.Tom’sbeD.Tomis
2.Thenewshoppingcenter_____nowwillbeputintousebytheendofthisyear.
A.builtB.bebuiltC.beingbuiltD.tobebuilt
3.“Haveyouhadsupper?”“Notyet.Themeal_____.”
A.arebeingcookedB.isbeingcookedC.iscookedD.arecooked
4.“I’mglad______youhereinthehotel.”“It’smygreatpleasuretohaveyou______us.”
A.meeting,toB.tohavemet,withC.havingmet,amongD.tomeet,of
5.I’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself_____inEnglish.
A.understandingB.understandC.tobeunderstoodD.understood
6.Althoughinahurry,Wilson______.
A.couldn’tstopwalkingB.couldn’thelpthestranger
C.stoppedtohelpthestrangerD.didn’tanswerthestranger
7.Janetiseasy_____.
A.forgettingalongwithB.bygettingalongwithC.togetalongwithD.gotalongwith
8.Don’tforget______thelightwhenyouleave.
A.turnoffB.toturnoffC.turningoffD.turnedoff
9.Themotherisveryglad;herbabyisbeginning______.
A.understandingwhatshemeansB.tounderstandthatshemeant
C.tounderstandwhatshemeansD.noticingwhatshemeans,
10.Ithinkthisstoryis_____.
A.worthbeingreadB.worthreadingC.worthtoreadD.worthofreading
11.Thisscientistisaman______praise.
A.worthtoB.worthytobeC.worthyofD.worth
12.Idon’twant______anymoretrouble,yousee?
A.therebeingB.ittobeC.itbeingD.theretobe
13.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething______.
A.stealingB.missedC.stolenD.tosteal
14.Strictly_____,itisn’tworththepriceyouareasking.
A.tospeakB.speakingC.speakD.spoken
15.Time______,they’llcomeheretowatchus______football.
A.permitted,playingB.permitted,toplayC.permitting,playD.permitting,toplay
16.Themanwasseen_____intothecourtyard.
A.stealingB.stolenC.bestealingD.hadstolen
17.Bobshouldlove_____tothepartytomorrowevening.
A.takingB.tobetakenC.totakeD.beingtaken
18.Tomhadnochoicebut____theclassroomwithhisclassmates.
A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleans
19.Mr.Brownsaidthathiscarneeded
A.toberepairedB.beingrepairedC.berepairingD.torepair
20.Theoldmandidn’tknowwhethertosellthecaror____.
A.beingkeptforlateruseB.keptforlateruse
C.tokeepitforlateruseD.tobekeptitforlateruse
21.Thenoiseofthedesks_____couldbeheardinthenextclassroom.
A.beingopenedandclosedB.openedandclosed
C.havingbeenopenedandclosedD.tobeopenedandclosed
22.Iremember_____someone____theumbrellaaway.
A.tosee,takeB.havingseen,totakeC.tosee,totakeD.havingseen,take
23.Shewasnoticed______theshop.
A.toenterB.enterC.havingenteredD.entered
24.Icouldn’thelp_____whenIheardthejoke.
A.beinglaughedB.laughingC.tobelaughingD.tolaugh
25._____,sheburstintotears.
A.DeeplymovedB.Deeplymoving
C.AsshedeeplymovedD.Asshewasdeeplymoving
26.Theproblemrequires______.
A.studyingwithgreatcareB.tostudycarefully
C.tobestudiedwithoutcarelessnessD.takinggreatcareofstudyingit
27._____carelessly,theboymademistakeshereandthere..
A.beingwrittenB.WroteC.WriteD.Writing
28.Hewouldrather______hisparentswiththeirhouseworkthan_____outtoplaygames.
A.tohelp,togoB.help,goC.help,togoD.tohelp,go
29.Theboyhadhisleg_____while____football.
A.broken,playingB.break,playC.broken,playedD.broke,wasplaying
30.Havingfinishedthework,_____.
A.itwasalmostsixo’clockB.apostmancameanddeliveredtheeveningpaperandsomeletters
C.supperhadbeenalreadypreparedD.wehadarestandthenhadsupper
31.Heisill.Hehaskept_____.
A.coughingallalongB.tocoughatnightC.coughsinceyesterdayD.beingcougheddayandnight
32.Itisnouse____without_____.
A.totalk,doingB.taking,beingdoneC.talking,doingD.beingtalked,beingtodo
33.“Iusuallygotherebyboat.”“Whynot_____bytrainforachange?”
A.trygoingB.totrygoingC.tryingtogoD.totryandgo
34._____,shefeltquiteshyattheparty.
A.AssheastrangerB.BeingastrangerC.AccordingtoastrangerD.Shelikeastranger
35.Everymorninghegetsupearlyandpractises______andthen_____toschool.
A.toreadEnglish,goB.readingEnglish,going
C.readingEnglish,goesD.ofreadingEnglish,goes
36.While_____footballontinplayground,Ifound‘mykeys______.
A.playing,lostB.play,losingC.played,beinglostD.havingplayed,lost
37.____thesamemistakesagainmadehisparentsveryangry.
A.HishavingmadeB.HehasmadeC.HehadmakingD.Himmaking
38.Dickmadeit______toallhisfriends.
A.toknowB.knownC.knowD.knowing
39.Annaspendsonehouraday_____spokenEnglish.
A.practiseB.topractiseC.onpractisingD.inpractising
40.Noonewassurprisedat_____theexamination.
A.hepassingB.hispassC.himpassD.hispassing
41.Althoughswimmingishisfavouritesport,yethedoesn’tlike_____today.
A.toswimB.swimmingC.swimD.tohaveswim
42.Shesatatthedeskandsetabout_____alettertoherfriend.
A.towriteB.writingC.writeD.written
43.Thissoupiscold;itneeds_____.
A.toheatB.tobeheatedC.beinghotD.heated
44.Iwent______aballoonbutIdidn’tseeanyone_____balloons.
A.tobuy,tosellB.tobuy,sellingC.buying,sellingD.buying,tosell
45.Annaisoftenheard_____songsinherroom
A.sungB.singingC.singD.tosing
46.Themoreyoupractise______English,thebetteryour_____Englishwillbe.
A.tospeak,speakingB.speaking,spokenC.spoken,spokenD.spoken,speaking
答案
1~5BCBBD6~10CCBCB11~15CDCBC16~20ABAAC21~25ADABA26~30ADBAD
31~35ACABC36~40AABDD41~46ABBBDB高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)7非謂語動詞
1.不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài);
2.不定式的功能:不定式的形容詞性功能、不定式的副詞性功能、不定式的名詞性功能;
3.不定式的省略;
4.不定式的否定形式;
5.不定式的搭配形式;
6.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu);
7.v-ing分詞名詞性功能;
8.v-ing分詞形容詞性功能;
9.v-ing分詞副詞性功能;
10.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的區(qū)別;
11.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞主動完成式的區(qū)別;
12.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動式的區(qū)別;
I.概述
1.基本形式的變化:
不定式:
時態(tài)主動態(tài)被動態(tài)
一般式todotobedone
進行式tobedoing
完成式tohavebuilttohavebeenbuilt
Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.(一般式的主動態(tài))
Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被動態(tài))
Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(進行式)
Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主動態(tài))
Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedseveralcenturiesago.(完成式的被動態(tài))
v-ing形式:
時態(tài)主動態(tài)被動態(tài)
一般式doingbeingdone
完成式havingdonehavingbeendone
注意:不及物動詞沒有被動式
動名詞
Iamsureofhiscomingintime.(一般式主動態(tài))(=Iamsurethathewillcomeintime)
Heisproudofbeingselectedasmonitor.(一般式被動態(tài))(=Heisproudthatheisselectedasmonitor.)
I’mconfidentofhishavingpassedtheexam.(完成式主動態(tài))
(=Iamconfidentthathehavepassedtheexam.)
Hecomplainedofhavingbeencheatedbyothers.(完成式被動態(tài))
現(xiàn)在分詞
Hesatinachair,readinganovel.(一般式主動態(tài))
Beingexhaustedbywork,hefellasleepquickly.(一般式被動態(tài))
Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成式主動態(tài))
Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成式被動態(tài))
2.所做成分
項目/成分主語表語賓語賓補定語狀語
動詞的ing形式現(xiàn)在分詞△△△△
動名詞△△△△
不定式△△△△△△
過去分詞△△△△
注:現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式、過去分詞都可以作獨立成分。
II.基本知識
1.動詞不定式在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?br>
①作主語。
Toseeonceisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.
Tomakemoneyisnottheonlypurposeofourlife.賺錢不是我們生活的唯一目的
在很多情況下,常用it來充當(dāng)動詞不定式的形式主語。
ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.對我們來說學(xué)好英語是非常重要的。
②作動詞的賓語,常用在以下動詞后:
help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,
manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long,(happen,seem)
Hemanagedtopasstheexam.他成功地通過了考試。
Hepromisedtobehereatnine.他答應(yīng)9點鐘到這兒。
Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.我沒有料到在這兒見到你。
在某些復(fù)合賓語中,用it做形式賓語,而把不定式放到后面去。
Heconsidereditbettertoleavenow.他認為最好現(xiàn)在就離開。
Ifounditimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.我發(fā)現(xiàn)準時完成這項工作是不可能的。
③作定語(常置于名詞之后)。
由only,last,next序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式做定語;不定式還可用作名詞
代詞的的賓語(ability,anything,attempt,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,
intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something)
Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.
Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.他總是最后一個離開辦公室。
Idon’tthinkheisthebestmantodothejob.我想他不是做這項工作的最佳人選。
Ihavenodesiretotravel.
You’llfindsomethingtointerestyouhere.
注:動詞不定式to后所接動詞若是不及物動詞,而不定式與其修飾的動詞之間有動賓關(guān)系,這個不定式后就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。
Ihaven’tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.
Ifoundnoonetoplaywith.
④作狀語
Iwalkedslowlyontheiceinordernottofalldown.(不至于跌倒)(表目的)
Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.(表結(jié)果)
Hetriedonlytofail.(結(jié)果沒有成功)
Shewashappytohearthenews.(表原因)
不定式常用于修飾下列形容詞:
able,afraid,angry,anxious,apt,careful,careless,certain,clever,considerate,delighted,difficult,eager,easy,fit,
frightened,happy,interesting,likely,lucky,quick,ready,reluctant,right,sorry,surprised,sure,thoughtful,
thoughtless,unable,unwilling,wrongetc.
Frenchisdifficulttolearn.法語難學(xué)。
I’msorrytointerruptyou,butIhaveto.
⑤作獨立副詞成分。
Tospeakfrankly,Idon’tlikeyourattitude.
⑥與疑問詞連用。疑問代詞who,what,which和疑問副詞when,where,how等后加動詞不定式,構(gòu)成不定式短語,可在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。
Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.什么時候出發(fā)還沒有定。
Theproblemishowtogetthereontime.問題是怎樣才能準時到達哪兒。
注意:
①在有些動詞后常用疑問詞+動詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)。這類動詞有:know,ask,tell,show,wonder,consider,
understand,learn,instruct,guess,see,explain,discover,imagine,think,hear等。
Hedidn’tknowwhattodonext.
Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertogotoJapan.我沒有決定是否到日本去。
②不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
由for+名詞或代詞+動詞不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、狀語等。
ItisnecessaryforyoutofinishtheworkbeforeFriday.你們有必要在星期五前做完這項工作。
Hisideaisforustotravelindifferentcars.他的主意是讓我們乘不同的車去旅游。
由of引出的不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),經(jīng)常與以下形容詞連用:brave,careless,,clever,courageous,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,rash,right,rude,stupid,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong,wise等。
It’skindofyoutosayso.
It’sbraveofyoutogointotheburningbuildingtosavethebaby!
你真勇敢,沖進著火的大樓里救這個嬰兒
③不帶to的動詞不定式
▲在有些使役動詞及感官動詞后可用省略to的動詞不定式,如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,
hear,watch等。
Theteacheroftenmakesmerewritethecomposition.老師常常讓我把作文重寫。
將該句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài):Iamoftenmadebytheteachertorewritethecomposition.
Iheardhersaythatshewasfedup.
▲在下列結(jié)構(gòu)后常用不帶to的動詞不定式:hadbetter,wouldrather,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,
donothingbut等。
I’dbettergonow,orI’llmissthetrain.
Theycannotbutaccepthisadvice.我只好接受他的建議。
▲在except,but之前有動詞do作實義動詞,則except,but后一般接不帶to的動詞不定式,反之則接
帶to的動詞不定式。
Wehavenochoicebuttowait.我們除了等待別無選擇(我們只好等待)。
Thereisnochoicebuttogothere.
Thereisnothingtodobutto(to可省略)readabook.
▲在why,whynot結(jié)構(gòu)中,緊接其后的動詞不定式不帶to
Whyarguewithhim?
Whynotsendthosebooksback?為什么不把那些書送回去?
2.動名詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?br>
①作主語
Askingforhelpissometimesnecessary.請求幫助有時是必要的。
Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.吃得太多對你的健康不利。
Teachingofferssomethingbesidesmoneyandpower.
②作補語、表語
Seeingisbelieving.
Wecallsuchanactcheating.我們稱這樣的行為為作弊/欺騙行為。
③作以下及物動詞及詞組的的賓語
建議冒險去獻身:advise,suggest,risk,devoteoneselfto
忍受期待不停頓:bear/stand(忍受),lookforwardto,stop
放棄延期悔失去:giveup,delay,putoff,regret,miss
堅持欣賞(想)要(實)踐(完)成:keep(on)/insiston/stickto,enjoy/appreciate,feellike,practice,finish
注意原諒避反對:payattentionto,excuse,escape,avoid,objectto
考慮要求不自禁:consider,require,cannothelp
允許習(xí)慣不介意:forbid;permit,be/getusedto/beaccustomedto,mind
值得開始想動名:beworth,setabout,imagine
Themotherdidagreetolettheboyriskswimmingacrosstheriver.冒險游過河
Hiswifedoesntallowsmokinginsidetheroombutallowshimtosmokeoutsidetheroom.
他的妻子不允許在室內(nèi)抽煙,但是允許他在室外抽。
Alloftheminsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger.
他們所有的人都堅持要我再跟他們多呆幾天時間。
Imlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.
Beingillforafewdays,shedoesntfeellikeeatinganything.不想吃任何東西
另在want,need,require等動詞后,常用動名詞的主動形式表示被動的意思(主語與動名詞之間存在邏
輯上的動賓關(guān)系)。
Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)
⑤作定語
它與被修飾詞之間沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,通常只表示用途或與所修飾的名詞有關(guān)的動作。
Thefactorybuiltaswimmingpoollastyear.游泳池
Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.教學(xué)方法
⑥作同位語
Hishobby,makingmodelairplanes,isveryinteresting.
注意:
①動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或名詞所有格+動名詞構(gòu)成。如果不是在句子開頭,這種結(jié)構(gòu)常可以由名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓格+動名詞構(gòu)成,在句中可作主語、賓語等。例如:
Doyoumindmyclosingthedoor?Doyoumindmeclosingthedoor?
Myclosingthedoormadehimangry.
Ican’tstandLaoChang’stalkinglikethataboutothercomrades.
②動名詞的某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)
▲Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名詞+doingsth.
Itisnousecrying.哭沒有用。
Itisnogoodobjecting.反對也沒有用。
Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.設(shè)法解釋是浪費時間。
▲Itis+useless+doingsth.
Itisuselessspeaking.光說沒用。
▲Thereisno+v-ing“…是不可能的”。
Thereisnoknowinghowoldsheis.(=Itisimpossibletoknowhowoldsheis.)
Thereisnotellingwhereshe’sgone.(=Itisimpossible/difficulttoknowwhereshe’sgone.)
▲makeapointof+doing“認為…是必要的”
OurfamilymakeapointofgoingtochurcheverySunday.(=Ourfamilymakeitaruletogotochurchevery
Sunday.)
▲beonthepointof+doing“瀕臨,將要…”
Hewasonthepointofleaving.
▲on(upon)+doing“一…就…”
Onhearingthenews,Ichangedmyplans.(=AssoonasIheardthenews,Ichangedmyplans.)
▲go+doing(大部分指運動和游戲)
Hewentshopping/hiking/swimming/fishingetc.
▲動名詞短語常用在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中
havedifficulty(in)+doingsth
havetrouble(in)+doingsth
havefun(in)+doingsth/
haveagoodtime(in)+doingsth/haveahardtime(in)+doingsth
▲feellike+名詞“想要”=wouldliketo+原形動詞
Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?你想看電影嗎?
Idontfeellikereadingtonight.今晚我不想讀書。
3.分詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?br>
①作定語。作定語的分詞如果是單個分詞,放在所修飾的名詞前;如果是分詞短語則放在所修飾的名詞后面。在用作定語時,分詞在意思上接近一個定語從句。
Theboringsnowmadetheboredboysgohome.(=Thesnowwasboring,sotheboysweeboredandwent
home.)
Chinaisadevelopingsocialistcountry.發(fā)展中的社會主義國家
Themanwritingtheobituary(訃告)ismyfriend.
(=Themanwhoiswritingtheobituaryismyfriend.)
Thebrokenglassscatteredontheground.破杯
注:現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞都可作定語,但現(xiàn)在分詞表達的是正在進行的事情,有主動意義;而過去分詞表示的是已完成的事情,有被動意義。
②作表語、賓語補足語。能帶分詞作賓補的動詞常見的有see,hear,keep,find,notice,watch,think,want,smell,observe等。
Thestoryisboring.
Ifoundhimreadinganovel.在讀小說(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語)
Ifoundhimsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.一群孩子包圍著(過去分詞作賓語補足語)
③作狀語。分詞作狀語可以表示時間,原因,條件,結(jié)果,伴隨情況。
Havingreadalltherequiredpapers,heansweredthequestionsfluently.(時間)
Beingshortofmoney,Idecidedtoapplyforthework.(原因)
Seriouslyinjured,Allenwasrushedtothehospital.(原因)
Ifgoingtherebyplane,we’llhavetopaytwiceasmuch.(條件)
Unlessaskedtoanswerquestions,thepupilswerenotsupposedtotalkinMrsSmith’sclass.(條件)
Thefarmerusedanewinsecticide,thusraisingtheaverageyieldby15%.(結(jié)果)
Hesatinarockingchair,watchingTV.(伴隨)
注意:分詞的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)
①獨立主格
有時分詞的邏輯主語與主句主語不一致,這時分詞須帶上自身的主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這
種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中多作伴隨狀語。亦可用來表示時間、原因、條件等。
Thatbeingthecase,we’dbettermakesomechangesintheplan.
Weatherpermitting,wewillgoout.==ifweatherpermits
Theteacherhavingfinishedthelesson,thestudentslefttheclassroom.
②“with或without+名詞或代詞+分詞”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
常用作補充說明或表示伴隨情況。例如:Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.
③某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)
generally/franklyspeaking…,judgingfrom/by…中,分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致,這種結(jié)構(gòu)只限于為數(shù)很少的幾個動詞。
Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.從他的衣著判斷
Franklyspeaking,Idontlikehimatall.坦率地說
④catch+賓語+doing
Icaughtthemstealingmyapples.我抓住他們偷我的蘋果。
Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,shellbefurious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日記,她會憤怒的
注:有些現(xiàn)在分詞可以作介詞用:如concerning,considering,regarding,respecting等。
Consideringhisage,heistall.考慮了他的年齡
Ihavenothingtosayconcerninghisspeech.關(guān)于他的演講
III.非謂語動詞比較
1.做主語和賓語時的比較
一般來說,不定式和動名詞成份相同時,表示客觀性、一般性行為多用動名詞表示,而表示一次性、具體性行為則多用不定式。
Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.照看小孩
Tocleantheclassroomishisjobtoday.打掃教室
Ilikeswimming,butIdontliketoswimtodaybecauseIdontfeelwell.
注意下列重點內(nèi)容:
①begin和start本身為進行時,或后面動詞為心理變化意義的動詞時,須接不定式
Whenwecamein,theywerebeginningtohavesupper.
Afterhisexplanation,Ibegantounderstandit/realizethatIwaswrong.
②有些詞后面既可以接不定式.亦可接動名詞,但其意義有很大區(qū)別,須特別注意
A.remember,forget,regret接動名詞,表示完成意義(=havingdone),接不定式,表示將來意義
PleaseremembertobringmethebookIwantnexttime.
Irememberseeingher(=havingseenher)somewherebefore.
Dontforgettowritetomesoon.
Ineverforgetvisiting(=havingvisited)themforthefirsttime.
Iregretmissingthatgoodfilmlastweek.(后悔)
Iregretnottaking(nothavingtaken)youradvice.
IregrettosayIcanttakeyouradvice.(遺憾=besorry)
B.mean:meantodo=wanttodo打算,想要……
meandoing:意味著,就是
IamsorryIdidntmeantohurtyourfeelings,
Imeanttocallonyou,butIwassobusy.
Learningaforeignlanguagedoesntmeanjustworkinginclass.
C.stop:stoptodo停下來,要干另一件事(不定式作目的狀語)
stopdoing停止做(動名詞作賓語)
Aftersometime,theystoppedwalkingandhadarest.
Afterwalkingsometime,theystoppedtohavearest.
D.try:trytodo,努力,試圖干……
trydoing:試著干……
Hesearchedeverywhereandtriedtofindhiskey.
Hecametothecityfromthecountrysideandtriedtofindajob.
Themotherisoutandtheboyhadtotrycookingforhimself.
Theytriedtosucceedandtrieddoingtheirexperimentsagainandagain.
E.want,need,require接動名詞表示被動意義,接不定式就要i用被動式,這時主語與動名詞之間為動賓關(guān)系。
Theseyoungtreesrequirelookingafter(=tobelookedafter).
Thematterneedsthinkingover(=tobethoughtover).
F.goon:goontodo繼續(xù)干和原來不同的另一件事(不定式作目的狀語)
goondoing繼續(xù)干原來同一件事(動名詞作賓語)
Afterasmoke,hewentontellingusthatinterestingstory.
Afterwritingthecompositionhewentontoworkouthismathsproblems.
G.動詞advise,allow,permit,forbid后面接單賓語時用動名詞,接復(fù)合賓語時用動詞不定式。
Doctorsadvisegivingupsmokingtobenefitoneshealth.(放棄)
Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmokingsoastoimprovehishealth.(放棄)
Shedoesntallow(permit)smokinginherroom.(允許)
H.beconsideredtohavedone被認為已經(jīng)做了……
consider…tobe認為是……
considerdoing考慮做某事
I.be(get)usedtodoing習(xí)慣于……
beusedtodo被用來做……
J.can’thelpdoing情不自禁做……
can’thelptodo不能幫助做……
2.做賓補時的比較
不定式可以表示一次性、具體性行為,以及將來意義的行為?,F(xiàn)在分詞可以表示當(dāng)時正在發(fā)生的進行意義的行為,亦可表示-個持續(xù)時間的延續(xù)性的行為動作。過去分詞可以表示完成意義的行為或狀態(tài),及物動詞的過去分詞亦有被動意義,不及物動詞的過去分詞仍是主動意義。
WhenIcamein,Isawherdancinghappily.
IoftenhearhersingsongsinEnglishinherroom.
Theyhadthelightsburningallnightlong.
IsawLiPingpassbyandenterthenextroomjustnow.
Themotherwillhavethedoctorexaminehersonagain.
TomorrowIllhavemyhaircut.
WhenIgothomeIfoundthewindowbrokenandthethiefgoneawayalready.
Whentheyreturnedtotheirhometown,afteranabsenceoftwentyyears,theyfoundeverythingchanged.
3.做表語時的比較
不定式和動名詞做表語解釋主語內(nèi)容,且可以和主語顛倒,意思仍然通順,回答what的問題。它們有時存在經(jīng)常性和一次性行為的區(qū)別,分詞做表語表明主語的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài),不能和主語顛倒,可以回答how的問題。
Herjobiscleaningoffices.(Whatisherjob?)(=Cleaningofficesisherjob.)
Ourjobtodayistocleantheoffice.(=Tocleantheofficeisourjobtoday.)
Thenewsisveryexciting.(Howisthenews?)
Theyareverytiredafteralongwalk.
Thedoorislockednow.
Thechildrenarewelldressedthesedays.
4.做定語時的比較
不定式做定語與先行詞有動賓、主謂和解釋先行詞內(nèi)容等關(guān)系。在時態(tài)上常是將來意義,現(xiàn)在分詞做定語是現(xiàn)在時或進行時態(tài)意義;過去分詞做定語則是完成時態(tài)意義。此外,不定式做定語時只能后置,不可前置,而單個分詞做定語可前置,分詞短語做定語則須后置。動名詞做定語,須前置,且要重讀,它表明先行詞的用途。而分詞做定語表明先行詞的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。
aswimmingboy=aboywhoisswimmingaswimmingpool=apoolforswimming
theboilingwater=thewaterthatisboilingdrinkingwater=waterfordrinking
TodayIhavealettertowrite.Pleasefindamantohelpus.
ItisagoodchancetopracticeyourspokenEnglish.練習(xí)你的口語
IlikereadingbookswrittenbyLuXun.
ThewomanstandingoverthereisourEnglishteacher.站在那邊的
Thehousetobebuilt(=whichwillbebuilt/whichistobebuilt)nextyearwillbeournewlibrary.
Thehousebeingbuilt(=whichisbeingbuilt)nowwillbeournewlibrary.
Thehousebuilt(=whichwasbuilt)lastyearisournewlibrarynow.
5.做狀語時的比較
不定式和分詞做狀語各有不同分工。動詞不定式多做目的、結(jié)果和原因狀語,且多放在句末;分詞
可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式狀語,多置于句首,做伴隨狀語,多放在后面。分詞用于godoing結(jié)構(gòu)中作目的狀語。
①目的狀語:通常有不定式表示,由于不定式的客觀性和將來性特征。不定式前還可加上inorder,soas來加強說話的口氣。但soasto通常不用于句首。
TheSmithshavegonetoLondontospendtheirholidays.
Icamehere(inorder/soas)tohearthereport.
Inorderto(不用soasto)seebetter,wetookfrontseats.
②時間狀語:分詞作時間狀語相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句?,F(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語一般位于句首,表示的動作和謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生,有時現(xiàn)在分詞前可以加上時間連詞。如果分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成體形式。過去分詞作時間狀語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成同時性和被動意義。分詞前有時加上時間連詞。
Arriving(=Whenhearrived)atthebusstop,hefoundhissisterthere.
Waiting(=WhenIwaswaiting)toseethedoctor,Imetwithafriendofmine.
Having(=Whenwehave)madefullpreparations,wearereadyforanexamination.
Having(=Whenhehad)finishedhishomework,hewenttobed.
Afterfinishinghishomework,hewenttobed.
Seen(=Whenthetownisseen)fromthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.
Locked(=Whenhewaslooked)upintheroom,hefoundhimselfisolatedfromtheouterworld.
Whenaskedtomakeaspeech,hesaidhewasgladtodoso.當(dāng)請他作演講時
Oncerecovered,hewillgoallouttodohiswork.一旦康復(fù)
③原因狀語:不定式作原因狀語往往用于形容詞之后,這些形容詞通常是happy,sorry,fortunate,angry,glad,ashamed,discouraged,delighted,frightened,shocked等。分詞作原因狀語相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句。一般位于句首。
Iamsorrytohearthatyouarenotwell.
Imverysorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.讓你久等了
Wearegreatlydelightedtohaveanativeasourguide.
Being(=Sincehewas)illalllastyear,helivedinasanatorium.
Therebeingnoenoughmoney,hecouldntbuythedictionarythathewanted.由于沒有錢
Having(=Sincetheyhad)beenaskedtostay,theycouldntpossiblyleaverightaway.
Moved(=Ashewasmoved)bytheheroicdeedsofthePLAman,heburstintotears.
④條件狀語:通常用分詞來表示,相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句。一般位于句首。
Turning(=Ifyouturn)totheleft,youwillseethepostoffice.
United(=Ifweareunited),westand;divided(=ifwearedivided),wefall.
Given(=Ifhehadbeengiven)moretime,hewouldbeabletodobetter.
⑤結(jié)果狀語從句:不定式作結(jié)果狀語通常用于so+形容詞或副詞+asto,such+名詞+asto,too…to,enoughto和onlyto等結(jié)構(gòu)?,F(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語表示謂語動詞的結(jié)果。
Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.
Iworkedlateintothenight,onlytofindIhadnotfinishedhalfofthejob.
Hewassofriendlyastobealwayshelpfultohisneighbors.
Hisissuchasadstoryastoarouseoutsympathy.
Iranfasterthanever,reachingtheschoolyardquiteoutofbreath.
Themandiedyoung,leavingnothingbutdebt.
⑥讓步狀語:通常由過去分詞來表示,而且前面通常有表示讓步意義的though。
Thoughwounded,thesoldiermanagedtogettothevillagesafely.
Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.
⑦伴隨或方式狀語:分詞作伴隨狀語通常位于句尾,表示謂語動詞正在所處主動或被動的狀態(tài)。
Chinesebusinessmen,taxidriversandstudentstalkwiththemusingEnglish.
Shecamerunningtowardsus.
Theywalkedalongthestreets,talkingandlaughing.
Hewentintothehouse,followedbysomechildren.
Hecontinuedtowalkupanddown,lostinthought.
IV.關(guān)于therebe的非謂語形式
therebe非謂語形式可在句中作主語、賓語、狀語和定語
1.作動詞賓語時,通常用theretobe結(jié)構(gòu),而不用therebeing。能這樣用的及物動詞為:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等,如:
Wedontwanttheretobeanycomradeslaggingbehind.我們不希望有任何同志掉隊。
Theyhatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere..他們不愿意處處都要排長隊。
Wehavenoobjectiontotherebeingameetinghere.我們并不反對在這里開會。
2.作狀語多用therebeing結(jié)構(gòu),但若置于介詞for之后要用theretobe
Therebeingnobodyelseathand,Ihadtodobymyself.由于附近沒有人,我只得獨自干了。(原因狀語)
It’stooearlyfortheretobeanybodyup.太早了,還不會有人起床。(作程度狀語)
Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime,thegroundwasverydry.
因為好長時間沒下雨了,地面非常干燥。(原因狀語)
3.作主語時兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都可以,但如是用for引導(dǎo)則要用theretobe.
Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweenoldandyoung.
老人與年青人之間存在著溝通問題是很常見的。
Therebeingakindergartenoncampusisagreatconveniencetofemaleteachers.
校園內(nèi)有幼兒園對女教師十分方便。
1.—Whydon’tyoulikeTom?
—Ithinkheisaman_________.
A.tobeworkedwithB.workingwithC.toworkwithD.beingworkedwith
2.Hesaidthathe_________whathecould________us,buthewastoobusythen.
A.woulddo,helpB.couldhavedone,tohelpC.wouldhavedone,helpingD.coulddo,helped
3.Wouldyoupleasetellmethewaythoughtof_________thegarden.
A.takecareofB.totakecareofC.takingcareofD.howtotakecareof
4.—Youlookrathertiredtoday.
—______nottomissthe4:20flight,Ididn’tdaretoclosemyeyes.
A.RemindingB.Reminded
C.BeingremindedD.Havingreminded
5.___________,themonumentcouldberestoredtoitsformerglory.
A.IfrepairedwellB.IfrepairingwellC.TorepairwellD.Repairingwell
6.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_______tothenotice.
A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily
C.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing
7.OnAugust12,TyphoonMorakotsweptacrossTaiwanisland,_________alotofvillages
___________.
A.left;damagedB.leaving;damagingC.leaving;damagedD.left;damaging
8.Thefood,____________good,wassoonsoldoutwhenitwastakentothemarket.
A.tastedB.beingtastedC.tastingD.havingtasted
9.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork_______,werefusedhisoffer.
A.notfinishingB.hadnotbeenfinished
C.nothavingfinishedD.notfinished
10.Withtoomanyconstructionprojects_________allthestrengthoutoftheeconomy,peopleofthesmallcountrycomplainedalot.
A.suckingB.tosuckC.beingsuckedD.beingsucking
11.TimBemers-Leeisgenerallyconsidered_________theWorldWideWeb,onwhichalltheinformationissharedbyall.
A.tohavefoundedB.havingfoundedC.foundingD.tofound
12.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim______onabeach,withhiseyes_______onakiteinthesky.
A.seated;fixingB.sitting;fixingC.seated;beingfixedD.sitting;fixed
13.Tigers_____meat-eatinganimals_____meats.
A.belongedto;feedonB.belongingto;feedon
C.werebelongedto;arefedonD.belongingto;arefedon
14.______fortheseriousaccident,thepresentofShanxiProvincehadtoresign.
A.ToblameB.BlamingC.BeingtoblameD.Tobeblamed
15.Withsomebooksheneeded_________,hewentintothebookstorequickly.
A.tobuyB.boughtC.tobeboughtD.buying
16.AftertheShenzhouVIcapsule(太空艙)toucheddown,twoastronautssucceededintravelingaroundthe
earth,thusagain__________Chinaisaglobalspacepower.
A.provingB.toproveC.tohaveprovedD.beingproved
17.Therewasanicelittlegiftforeveryone,withasuitablepoem_______toit.
A.attachedB.tobeattachingC.toattachD.attaching
18.____byhisparentsforlong,Johnfeelssadintheheartthoughheappears_______bothered
aboutit.
A.Beingignored;nottobeB.Tobeignored;tohavenotbeen
C.Ignored;nottobeD.Ignoring;notbeing
19.Weare_______totalkloudlyinthedormitorywhenothersaretakinganoon-break.
A.supposedB.supposingC.notsupposedD.notsupposing
20.Thelatestsurvey,_________by,foundmorethan12percentofteenagerswanttoworkaspilots.
A.tobecarriedoutB.beingcarriedoutC.carriedoutD.havingbeencarriedout
21.TheconstructionofaneconomiczonetothewestcoastoftheTaiwanStraits,_____atpresent,willsurelystimulate(刺激)thedecliningeconomyonbothsidesoftheStraits.
A.tobediscussedB.beingdiscussedC.discussedD.discussing
22.Theyoungmansatbackinhissofa,______withwhathehadworkedouttodowiththeremainingwork.
A.havingsatisfiedB.beingsatisfiedC.TobesatisfiedD.satisfied
23.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completely_____totheoutsideworld.
A.havingbeenlostB.tobelostC.losingD.lost
24.—Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.
—Yes,butherefusedtoadmit________hiswifeonarainynightsevenyearsago.
A.tokillB.tohavekilledC.havingkilledD.havebeenkilling
25.________totrainhisdaughterinEnglish,heputanadlikethisinthepaper,“_________,anEnglishteacherforaten-year-oldgirl.”
A.Determined;wantedB.Determined;wantingC.Determine;wantedD.Determining;wanting
26.—Lucydoesn’tseemtobewhatshewas.
—No._________somuchinthewarhasmadehermorethoughtful.
A.SeenB.HerseeingC.HavingseenD.Tohaveseen
27.twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.
A.ExaminingB.ExaminedC.BeingexaminedD.Havingbeenexamined
28.Wehopethebuildingproject_________willbecompletedassoonaspossiblebecausealotofcitizensarecomplainingaboutthenoises.
A.tobecarriedoutB.carriedoutC.beingcarriedoutD.carryingout
29.Anewteachnique_________theyieldsasawholeincreasedbyabout30percent.
A.hadappliedB.havingappliedC.tohaveappliedD.havingbeenapplied
30.Thelonglastingwar,______withbloodanddeaths,endedinpeople’ssadness,_______noresult.
A.filling;reachedB.filled;toreachC.filling;wouldreachD.filled;reaching
31.Thetwooldsisters,_______solong,heldeachotherandburstintotears.
A.beingseparatedB.havingbeenseparatedC.havingseparatedD.hadbeenseparated
32.Somepeopleagainsttollbooths(收費站)arguethatroads,once___________,shouldbefree.
A.buildingB.builtC.havingbuiltD.beingbuilt
33.Somethingextraordinaryhappenedinthathospital.Aman,________clinicallydead,suddenlycametolife.
A.declaringB.beingdeclaredC.declaredD.havingdeclared
34._________yourreceipttothecustomerservicedepartmentandtheywillpaythemoneybacktoyou.
A.HavingbroughtB.BringC.BringingD.Tobring
35.____itwithmeshouldbeagoodchoice.Trustme.
A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave
36.Ireallycantunderstand_________herlikethat.
A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating
37._____whathecando.Hemightgetajobtomorrow.Hemightstayoutofworkforweeks.
A.Wedidn’tknowB.Hedoesn’tknowC.ThereisnoknowingD.Itwasknownthat
38.Therearealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostof_________withtheireyes_________onandtheirheads
bentovertheirbooks.
A.whom;fixingB.them;fixedC.whom;fixedD.them;fixing
39.TheboyIconsidered______cheatedinthelastexam.
A.tobehonestB.thatishonestC.washonestD.beinghonest
40.Thoughatyphoonisontheway,peoplearestilllookingforward_________theoutdoorconcertbythepop
singer.
A.tocancelingB.nottocancelingC.nottocancelD.tonotcanceling
1-5CBBBA6-10ACCDA11-15ADBCA16-20AACCC
21-25BDDCA26-30BCCDD31-35BBCBB36-40DCBAD