高中教案教案
發(fā)表時間：2020-11-14Unit 4 Astronomy：The science of the stars教案設(shè)計。
Unit4Astronomy：Thescienceofthestars
1.spread
vt.散布;擴大;延伸
Thebirdspreaditswings.那只鳥展開了翅膀。
Fliesspreaddisease.蒼蠅傳播疾病。
常用結(jié)構(gòu):
spreadsth.withsth.用……抹/涂/鋪……
spread...on...把……抹/涂/鋪在……
bespreadfor擺好（桌子）準(zhǔn)備
spreadoneself[口]舒展四肢(躺下)
spreadout張開，伸開，鋪開，展開，伸長
高手過招
單項填空
PapermakingbeganinChinaandtoEurope.
(2009?12?河南鄭州檢測)
A.SpreadB.grew
C.CarriedD.developed
解析:選A。句意為：造紙術(shù)起源于中國，又傳播到了歐洲。spread傳播。
2.method
n.方法
Hehasintroducedanewmethodofteaching.
他引進了一種新的教學(xué)方法。
Whatisthemosteffectivemethodofbirthcontrol?
控制出生率的最有效的方法是什么？
聯(lián)想拓展
bythismeans=inthisway=withthismethod
用這種方法
易混辨析
method/means
method側(cè)重“理論方法”，指做某事的具體步驟或程序。
anewteachingmethod一種新的教學(xué)方法
means（單復(fù)數(shù)同形）側(cè)重“通過手段”或“利用工具”去達到某種目的。
高手過招
選詞填空(method/means)（原創(chuàng)）
①Thequickestoftravelisbyplane.
②Shehasaveryscientificofdealingwithpoliticalproblems.
答案：①means②method
3.harmful
adj.有害的
常用結(jié)構(gòu):
dosb.harm/doharmtosb.對某人有害
meannoharm無意傷害別人;沒有惡意
harmone’simage/reputation損害某人的形象/名聲
domoreharmthangood弊大于利
Thereisnoharmin(sb.?s)doingsth.
=Itdoesnoharm(forsb.)todosth.(某人)做某事無害處
beharmfulto對……有害
harmn.充滿了……
inmass全部,全體;整個地
inthemass總體上;總的說來
the(great)massof大多數(shù),大部分
massesofsth.大量的東西
高手過招
單項填空
Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetookpicturesofthem.
(2009?12?安徽合肥檢測)
A.manyofB.massesof
C.thenumberofD.alargeamountof
解析:選B。句意為：年輕的舞蹈家們穿著美麗的衣服看起來很迷人，因此我們給他們拍了許多照片。massesof=lotsof，后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
5.pull
v.拉，拖，拔；移動
n.拉，拖；牽(引)力
YoupushandI?llpull.
你來推，我來拉。
Ifeltapullatmysleeveandturnedround.
我覺得有人扯我的袖子，便轉(zhuǎn)過身來。
常用結(jié)構(gòu):
pullahead(ofsb./sth.)領(lǐng)先于（某人/物）
pull(sb.)back（使某人）退卻；撤回（某人）
pulloff(sth.)（指機動車輛）駛離（道路至路側(cè)停車處停下）pullout(sth.)拉掉；使分離；掏出；駛離（車站）
pullon穿，戴上（襪子、手套等）
pulltogether同心協(xié)力；通力合作
高手過招
用pull相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空（原創(chuàng)）
①Iarrivedasthelasttrainwas.
②Heagunandaimedatthecriminal.
③Solongaswe,there’snomountaintopwecan’tconquer.
答案：①pullingout②pulledout③pulltogether
6.cheer
vt.on③cheering
7.puzzle
vt.in②existon③existence
重點短語
9.intime意為“及時”時相當(dāng)于earlyenough,soonenough;意為“終于，早晚”時相當(dāng)于soonerorlater。
Wegottothestationjustintimetocatchthebus.
=Wegottothestationjustintimeforthebus.
我們到達車站時，剛好趕上了那班汽車。
Thedoctorcameintimetosaveherlife.
醫(yī)生及時趕來救了她的命。
You?llsucceedintimeifyoukeeponworkinghard.
假若堅持努力下去，你遲早會成功的。
聯(lián)想拓展
beintimeforsth./beintimetodosth.
對于某事是及時的/及時做某事
aheadoftime提前；提早
allthetime一直；始終
atonetime曾經(jīng)；一度
atatime一次
attimes有時
atthesametime同時；然而；可是
fromtimetotime不時；偶爾
innotime立刻；馬上
takeone?stime不急，慢慢來
timeandtimeagain一次又一次；一再
高手過招
單項填空
—IwasdisappointedintimewhenIdidn’tpasstheexaminations.
—Don’tbesodiscouraged.You’llbesuccessfulin
time.(2009?12?河南平頂山檢測)
A./;/B.a;aC./;aD.a;/
解析:選D。句意為：——我沒通過考試那段時間我很失望。——別灰心。你遲早會成功的。第一個空考查的是when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，表示在某段時間里，故應(yīng)用inatime。而第二個空表示“遲早”，故用intime。
10.prevent...from
阻止；制止
Theheavyrainpreventedusfromgoingthere.
這場大雨使我們沒能到那里去。
易混辨析
prevent/stop/keep/protect
prevent,stop,keep與protect四者的常見結(jié)構(gòu)為：
prevent...(from)doingsth.；stop...(from)doingsth.；keep...fromdoingsth.;均表示“阻止……做某事”。
上述三個結(jié)構(gòu)中，在主動語態(tài)中stop與prevent后可省去from，但在被動語態(tài)中不可省略;而keep...from...中的from在任何情況下都不能省略。另外，
protect...from...表示“保護……不受……侵襲；阻擋；防御”。from后接能帶來傷害或損害的事物。
Thisplanwillbekeptfrombeingcarriedout.
這個計劃將被阻止實施。
高手過招
單項填空
Somepolicemenshouldbesenttothemthetrees.
（原創(chuàng)）
A.prevent;tocutdownB.stop;cuttingdown
C.keep;tocutdownD.keep;cuttingdown
解析:選B。句意為：應(yīng)該派一些警察去阻止他們砍伐樹木。keep/prevent/stop...fromdoingsth.阻止……做某事,其中keep...fromdoingsth.中的from不可省略。故選B。
11.breakout
突發(fā)；爆發(fā)（無被動語態(tài)）
Troublemaybreakoutatanymoment.
災(zāi)難在任何時候都可能突然發(fā)生。
Whendidthewarbreakout?戰(zhàn)爭什么時候爆發(fā)的？
Itwasatmidnightthatafirebrokeout.
在午夜時分發(fā)生了一起大火。
聯(lián)想拓展
breakawayfrom脫離（政黨等）；打破（陳規(guī)等）
breakdown出故障；（計劃等）失敗；（身體、精神等）垮掉
breakin破門而入，闖入；打斷（話語）等
breakinto破門而入；突然……起來
breakoff折斷；突然中止；斷絕；結(jié)束
breakthrough突破
breakup敲碎；放假；散會
易混辨析
comeabout/happen/takeplace/breakout/occur
comeabout發(fā)生，相當(dāng)于happen,takeplace。后面不可以接賓語，也不可以使用被動語態(tài)。
happen強調(diào)偶然發(fā)生。
takeplace指按計劃、安排發(fā)生；舉行
breakout多用于指戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、疾病、疫情的突然爆發(fā)。
occur常用于句式：sth.occurstosb.某事發(fā)生在某人身上。
高手過招
用break相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空（原創(chuàng)）
①AterribletsunamiinthesoutheasterncountriesofAsiaatChristmas,2004.
②WhendoyouforChristmas?
③Negotiationsbetweenthetwosideshave.
④Hishousewaslastweek.
答案：①brokeout②breakup③brokendown④brokeninto
12.blockout
擋?。ü饩€）
Thatwallblocksoutallthelight.那堵墻把光線都遮住了。
聯(lián)想拓展
burstout大聲喊叫;突然……起來
goout外出；過時；熄(燈)
putout關(guān)(燈)；撲滅；生產(chǎn)
comeout出現(xiàn)，顯露；出版;結(jié)果是
helpout幫助解決難題(或擺脫困境)
lookout留神；注意
watchout注意；提防；向外看
findout找出，查明，發(fā)現(xiàn)
pickout挑出;辨認出，分辨出
speakout大聲地說;大膽地說
thinkout仔細思考(某事)；想出（主意等）
hangout掛出;閑逛
knockout(拳)擊中，擊倒，打昏
sellout售完(某種貨物)，脫銷
turnout結(jié)果證明是
runout(of)用完，耗盡
checkout結(jié)賬離去，辦妥手續(xù)離去
giveout分發(fā)（試卷等）；發(fā)出（光、熱等）；用盡；耗完；筋疲力盡
高手過招
用out相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空（原創(chuàng)）
①Attheendoftheracehislegsandhecollapsedontheground.
②It’seasytohiminacrowdbecauseheisverytall.
③Hisnewbookwillnextmonth.
④Wethoughtitwasgoingtorain;ittobeafineday.
⑤Weof/fromourhotelat5a.m.tocatcha7a.m.flight.
答案：①gaveout②pick;out③comeout④turnedout⑤checkedout
13.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.
隨后它會變成什么沒人能知道，直到38~45億年前，這團塵埃才慢慢地形成一個固體的球狀物。
Whatitwastobecome...是what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，what在從句中作become的賓語。
Whatsurprisedeverybodywasthathedidn’tcometothemeeting.
使大家驚奇的是他竟沒有參加會議。
Whathedidaddedtoourdifficulty.
他所做的增加了我們的困難。
“be+動詞不定式”在本句中表示按照計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作。
Whenaretheytohandintheirplan?
他們的計劃什么時候交上來？
YouaretodoyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV.
你得做完了作業(yè)才能看電視。
聯(lián)想拓展
“be+to”還可以表示以下含義：
表示可能性，相當(dāng)于can,主要用于疑問句和否定句。表示命令，意為“必須，不得不”，意思等同于must,haveto，表示假設(shè)。表示“命運注定……”，通常用于過去時。
HowamItoknowwhathasbecomeofhim?
我怎么知道他的遭遇如何呢？
CertainskillsmustbelearnedifoneistouseEnglishwell.
如果想要用好英語，某些技巧是必須學(xué)的。
Hewasnevertoseehiswifeagain.
他注定再也見不到他妻子了。
Werewetoofferyoumoremoney,wouldyoustay?
如果我們給你加錢，你愿意留下嗎？
高手過招
單項填空
Indryweathertheflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey.（原創(chuàng)）
A.havesurvivedB.aretosurvive
C.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive
解析:選B。考查真實條件句。aretosurvive在此處并不表示將來，而表示“期望”。
14.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.
而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠，步子的跨度竟是地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。
twiceas...as...是……的兩倍
聯(lián)想拓展
英語中的倍數(shù)表達法：
倍數(shù)+as+adj./adv.+as是……的幾倍
倍數(shù)+adj./adv.的比較級+than比……(多/大)幾倍
倍數(shù)+the+表示長度/高度/寬度等的名詞+of是……長度/高度/寬度的幾倍，此結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的名詞有：size,height,weight,length,width,depth等。
Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.
=Thisruleristwicelongerthanthatone.
=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.
這把尺子是那把的三倍長。
Therearefourtimesasmanystudentsasweexpected.
到的學(xué)生是我們預(yù)計的五倍。
高手過招
(1)翻譯句子（原創(chuàng)）
這個房子是那個的三倍大。
(2)完成句子
到的客人是我們預(yù)計的兩倍。
Thereareweexpected.
答案：(1)Thishouseisthreetimesasbigasthatone./Thishouseistwicebiggerthanthatone./Thishouseisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.
(2)twiceasmanyguestsas
相關(guān)知識
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars教案2
Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
單元要覽類別課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求掌握的項目話題Scienceofthestars;thedevelopmentoflife;spacetravelandgravity詞匯astronomyn.天文學(xué)existvi.存在;生存systemn.系統(tǒng);體系;制度thusadv.因此;于是religionn.宗教;宗教信仰dioxiden.二氧化物theoryn.學(xué)說;理論biologyn.生物學(xué)atomn.原子biologistn.生物學(xué)家billionpron.（美）十億puzzlen.迷;難題vt.（使）為難globen.球體;地球儀;地球gravityn.萬有引力;重力violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;強暴的floatvt.（使）漂浮n.漂浮物carbonn.碳gentleadj.溫和的;文雅的atmospheren.大氣層;氣氛physicistn.物理學(xué)家unlikeprep.不同;不像climaten.氣候fundamentaladj.基本的;基礎(chǔ)的crashvt.墜落harmfuladj.有害的spaceshipn.宇宙飛船acidn.酸pulln.拖;牽引力chainn.鏈子;連鎖;鎖鏈satelliten.衛(wèi)星;人造衛(wèi)星multiplyvt.增加massn.質(zhì)量;團;塊;大量oxygenn.氧exhaustvt.用盡;耗盡短語solarsystem太陽系blockout擋住（光線）intime及時;終于cheerup感到高興;感到振奮layeggs下蛋nowthat既然givebirthto產(chǎn)生;分娩breakout突發(fā);爆發(fā)inone’sturn輪到某人;接著watchout密切注視;當(dāng)心;提防carbondioxide二氧化碳prevent...from阻止;制止重要句型1.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.(betodo;what-clauseasthesubject)2.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.(so...that;itis/wasnot+adj.+whether-clause)3.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.(what-clauseasthesubject;that-clauseasthepredicative)4.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.[itis/was(not)+adj.+that]5.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(whether-clauseasthesubject;dependon+whether-clauseastheobject)功能Instructions:Pleasepayattentionto...Pleasecheckthat....Youneed...Don’tforgetto...Makesurethat....Watchoutfor...You’dbetter...Youmust/mustn’t...Pleaselookat...語法NounclausesasthesubjectWhatitwastobecomewasuncertain......itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.教學(xué)重點1.Getstudentstolearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearthandmakingaspacetrip.2.HavestudentslearnsomeusefulnewwordsandexpressionsandletthemlearneffectivewaystorememberEnglishvocabulary.3.Enablestudentstousetheexpressionsofinstructionscorrectlyindailylife.4.Letstudentslearnthenewgrammaritem:nounclausesasthesubject.5.Developstudents’listening,speaking,readingandwritingabilities.教學(xué)難點1.Enablestudentstomastertheuseofnounclausesasthesubject.2.Letstudentslearntowriteashortarticletoshowtheirproblemsandthewaystoovercomethem.3.Developstudents’integrativeskills.課時安排Periodsneeded:7Period1WarmingupandreadingPeriod2Learningaboutlanguage:ImportantlanguagepointsPeriod3Learningaboutlanguage:GrammarPeriod4Usinglanguage:ListeningandspeakingPeriod5Usinglanguage:ExtensivereadingPeriod6Usinglanguage:SpeakingandwritingPeriod7Revision:Summingupandlearningtip
Period1Warmingupandreading
整體設(shè)計教材分析Thisisthefirstteachingperiodofthisunit.Atthebeginningoftheclass,theteachercanleadinthetopicoftheunitbyhavingafreetalkwithstudentsaboutsomefamousscientistsandwhattheyhavediscovered.ThenturntoWarmingUp.Itisintendedtohavestudentsthinkaboutandthendiscussthesetwogroupsofquestions:1.Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.Whatarethey?Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?2.Whatinterestsyouinastronomy?Doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin?Pre-readingistoremindstudentsthattheoriginoflifeontheearthisaquestionthatinterestsastronomersandeachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganontheearth.Theteachershouldaskstudentswhattheyknowabouttheseandthenletthempredictwhatkindofinformationwillbeintroducedinthenextpart!--?xml:namespaceprefix=st1ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"/--Reading.ThereadingpassagetitledHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHprovidesstudentsabriefintroductiononhowtheuniversedevelopedandhowlifebeganontheearth.Itprovidesascientificbackgroundtoanyinvestigationintospaceanditisfactual.Studentsareencouragedtopreviewthetextandfindouttheusefulnewwords,expressionsandstructuresthemselves.Theyshouldtrytoworkoutthemeaningsofthenewwordsthroughthecontext.Thenifnecessary,theycanlookthemupinthedictionaryorturntotheteacherforhelp.Alsoencouragethemtolookatthepicturesandreadthetitletoguesswhatthetextmightbeabout.Thenletthemskimforthegeneralidea,andscanforfurtherunderstanding.Inordernottoletthemfeelmuchdifficult,theteachershoulddealwithanylanguageproblemswhiletheyarereading.Afterreading,studentsarerequiredtodothefiveexercisesintheComprehendingtoseehowmuchtheyhaveunderstoodthereadingpassage.Theteachercanfirstletthemworkinpairsoringroupstofindtheanswerscooperatively,andthenchecktheiranswerswiththewholeclass.Toconsolidatethecontentsofthereadingpassage,studentsshouldberequiredtoretellthepassage.Inordertoarousethestudents’interest,theteachercanholdacompetition.教學(xué)重點1.Letstudentsreadthepassageandlearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.2.Getstudentstolearndifferentreadingskills,especiallythereadingabilityofunderstandingimpliedmeaningoftheauthor.教學(xué)難點1.Enablestudentstounderstandthepassageandknowaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.2.Letstudentslearnhowtousedifferentreadingskillsfordifferentreadingpurposes.三維目標(biāo)知識目標(biāo)1.Getstudentstolearntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispart:astronomy,system,religion,theory,atom,billion,globe,violent,carbon,atmosphere,unlike,fundamental,harmful,acid,chain,multiply,oxygen,exist,thus,dioxide,puzzle,solarsystem,intime,layeggs,givebirthto,inone’sturn,carbondioxide,prevent...from2.Letstudentslearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.能力目標(biāo)1.Developstudents’readingabilityandletthemlearndifferentreadingskills.2.Enablestudentstoknowaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.情感目標(biāo)1.Trainstudents’interestinscienceandstimulatetheirloveforastronomy.2.Developstudents’senseofcooperativelearning.
教學(xué)過程設(shè)計方案（一）→Step1PresentationHaveafreetalkwithstudents.1.Letstudentsbrainstormthefollowingquestions:Whoareourancestors?Doyouknowwhatitwaslikebeforelifeappearedontheearth?Doyouknowhowlifebeganontheearth?Doyouwanttogetmoreinformation?2.Tellstudents:Todaywewilllearnsomethingabouthowlifebeganontheearth.TurntoPage25.Let’scometoWarmingUpfirst.→Step2WarmingupLetstudentsthinkaboutthefollowingquestionsandthendiscussthemwiththeirpartners.1.Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.Whatarethey?Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?!--?xml:namespaceprefix=vns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"/--VenusEarthMarsMercuryJupiterNeptuneSaturn2.Whatinterestsyouinastronomy?Doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin?→Step3Pre-reading1.Getstudentstodiscussthequestionswiththeirpartners.1)Theoriginoflifeonearthisaquestionthatinterestsastronomers.Whatdoyouknowaboutit?2)Eachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganonearth.Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?2.Letthemtelltheirstories.Encouragethemtotelldifferentstories.Iftheydon’tknowany,tellthemsome,forexample,Panguseparatedtheskyfromtheearth,Panguturnedintoamyriadofthings,Nuwamademen,andsoon.3.Askthemtoreadthetitleandlookatthepictures.Predictwhatthereadingwillbeabout.→Step4Reading1.FastreadingGetstudentstoreadthepassagequicklyandthenwritedownthemainideaforeachparagraphandthewholepassageinthefollowingchart.HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHParagraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4Paragraph5ThepassageLetstudentslookthroughthechartandthenreadthetextsilently.Threeminuteslater,checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.2.IntensivereadingAllowstudentstoreadthepassagecarefullythistimetogettheimportantdetails,andthenfinishthefollowing:1)Puttheorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatimeline.(1)Insectsandamphibiansappeared.(2)Dinosaursappeared.(3)Theearthbecameasolidball.(4)Smallplantsgrowonthewater.(5)Reptilesappeared.(6)Plantsbegintogrowondryland.(7)Theearthwasacloudofdust.(8)Waterappearedontheearth.(9)Shellfishandotherfishappeared.(10)Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”.(11)Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared.(12)Mammalsappeared.2)Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionaccordingtothetext.(1)Whatisimportantforthebeginningoflife?A.Thewaterontheearth.B.Theearth’satmosphere.C.Theformofforests.D.Dissolvingharmfulgases.(2)Whichofthefollowingappearedontheearthfirst?A.Insects.B.Reptiles.C.Amphibians.D.Shellfishandfish.(3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.WaterstillexistsonMars.B.Theearth’satmosphereismadeupofoxygenandnitrogen.C.Theearthhaddissolvedtheharmfulatmosphereintotheoceansandseas.D.Plantsprovideoxygentotheearth.(4)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theappearanceanddevelopmentoflifeontheearth.B.Thebirthoftheearth.C.Whydinosaursdiedout.D.Thefactthathumanbeingscausedglobalwarming.Suggestedanswers:(1)A(2)D(3)D(4)A3.ReadinganddiscussionReadthetextathirdtimeandthenworkinpairstodiscussthefollowingquestions.1)Whywastheearthdifferentfromtheotherplanets?2)Whydidtheplantsgrowbeforetheanimalscame?3)Whyisitwrongtoshowfilmswithdinosaursandpeopletogether?4)Thereusedtobenineplanetsinthesolarsystem.Recentlyscientistshavedecidedthatoneofthemcannolongerbeconsideredaplanet.Doyouknowthenameofthatplanet?Doyouknowwhytheyremovedit?5)Whatproblemiscausedbyhumanbeings?(Letstudentshaveenoughtimetoreadthepassagecarefullyanddiscussthequestionswiththeirpartners.Encouragethemtoexpresstheirownideas.)4.ExplanationHelpstudentsanalyzesomedifficult,longandcomplexsentencesandguessthemeaningofsomenewwords.Encouragethemtotrytodealwiththelanguagepointsinthecontext.Discussthefollowingimportantsentencesandphrasesinthepassage.1)Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.2)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.3)Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.4)Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.Suggestedexplanations:1)Whatleadsanounclauseasthesubjectandwhenleadsanattributiveclause.2)Here“whethertheshapewouldlastornot”isanounclauseasthesubject.3)Here“whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere”isanon-restrictiveattributiveclause.intime:1)soonerorlater;eventually2)intime(forsth./todosth.):notlateIwillseehimintime.Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.4)Inthissentence,therearetwoclausesledbywhether.Thefirstoneisanounclauseasthesubjectandthesecondastheobject.tocome:servesasattributiveSheisthelastpersontodosuchathing.dependon:somethingmightonlyhappenorbetrueifthecircumstancesarerightforitOursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.5.ReadingaloudandunderliningAskstudentstoreadthepassagealoudtothetapeandletthempayattentiontothepronunciationofeachnewwordandthepauseswithineachsentence.Tellthemtopickoutalltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsfromthepassagewhilereadingandcopythemtothenotebooksafterclassashomework.Collocations:ontheearth,accordingto,acloudofdust,so...that,whether...ornot,intime,watervapor,cooldown,onone’ssurface,allow...todo...,achainreaction,millionsof,onthesurfaceof,beableto,aswellas,bydoing....,layeggs,bedifferentfrom,givebirthto,spreadallovertheearth,inone’sturn,prevent...from,asaresultof,too...to...,dependon→Step5DiscussionAfterreadingthepassage,letstudentsdiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Whydoyouthinkthathumansarethecleverestanimalsontheearth?2.Doyoubelievethatthereislifeonotherplanets?Whyorwhynot?3.Doyouthinkitispossiblethatonedaypeoplewillmovetheirhousestootherplanets?→Step6ConsolidationAskstudentstoretellthepassagewiththehelpofthefollowing.acloudofdust→asolidball→presenceofwater→smallplantsgrowonthewater→shellfishandotherfishappear→plantsbegintogrowondryland→insectsandamphibiansappear→retilesappear→dinosaursappear→mammalsappear→Step7Homework1.Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.2.Readthereadingpassageagainandtrytotalkabouthowlifebeganontheearthinyourownwords.設(shè)計方案（二）→Step1LeadinginthetopicShowstudentsapictureaboutsolarsystem.Letthemmatchthenameswiththeplanets.→Step2WarmingupEachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouttheoriginoflifeontheearth.Letstudentstelldifferentstoriesthattheyknow.→Step3Predictingbylookinganddiscussing1.Lookatthepicturesandtitleofthereadingpassageanddiscussinpairswhatthepassagemightbeabout.2.Twoorthreestudentswillgivetheiropinions.3.Letthemreadthepassagequicklytoseeiftheyareright.→Step4Reading1.Givestudents3minutes,andaskthemtoskimthepassagetogetthegeneralideaforeachparagraphandthepassage.2.Givestudents5minutestoreadthepassagecarefully,andthenanswerthefollowingquestions.1)Whatwasthereontheearthbeforelifebegan?2)Whydoscientiststhinktherehasneverbeenlifeonthemoon?3)Whydidanimalsfirstappearinthesea?4)Whydogreenplantshelplifetodevelop?5)Whyweremammalsdifferentfromotheranimals?3.Givestudents4minutestoreadthepassageathirdtime.Encouragethemtotrytodealwiththelanguagepointsinthecontext.Givethemsomeexplanationsifnecessary.4.ListeningandreadingaloudLetstudentslistentothetape.Remindthemtopayattentiontothepronunciationofeachnewwordandthepauseswithineachsentence.Thenaskthemtoreadthetextaloudtothetape.→Step5ExtensionLetstudentsthinkaboutanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Doyoubelievethatthereislifeonotherplanets?Whyorwhynot?2.Doyouthinkitispossiblethatonedaypeoplewillmovetheirhousestootherplanets?→Step6Closingdown1.Havestudentsgetpreparedin3minutesorsoandthenaskthemtoretellhowlifebeganontheearth.2.Askasmanystudentsaspossibletohaveatryinfrontoftheclass.→Step8Homework1.Gooverthetextandtrytolearnalltheusefulwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.2.FinishtheexercisesinComprehendingonPage27.
板書設(shè)計
Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
Warmingupandreading
HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHParagraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4Paragraph5Thepassage活動與探究Supposeyouareanexpertwhostudiesastronomy.YouareinvitedtogiveaspeechtotheschoolstudentsaboutthedevelopmentoflifeonEarthDay(April22).ReadthepassageHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHagainandgotothelibraryorsurftheInternettofindmoreinformationandbereadytopresentyourspeechtotheclass.Youmaybeginlikethis:Goodmorning/afternoon.Iamgreatlyhonoredtobeheretogiveyouaspeechaboutthedevelopmentoflife....
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars grammar 教案
Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
grammar
Teachinggoals
1Targetlanguage
a重點詞匯和短語
suffer,settle,realize,worryabout,havegotto,tieup
b重點句子：
Hewasverydisappointed.
Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.
Tosavemoney,youmustuseasfewwordsaspossible.
c.Practisetalkingaboutproblemsinstudyorlife
Myproblemis…Thedifficultyis…Mytroubleis…
Thequestionis…Myadviceis…WhatIthinkaboutitis…
Thefactis…Mysuggestionis…
2Abilitygoals
LearntouseNounClausesasthesubject..
3Learningabilitygoals
LetSslearnhowtouseNounClausesasthesubject
Teachingimportantpoints
theuseofNounClausesasthesubject
Teachingdifficultpoints
HowtoteachtheSstolearntouseNounClausesasthesubject
Teachingmethods
Learngrammarthroughpractice
Teachingaids
computer
Teachingprocedures
Step1Revision
1.Checkretellingofthepassage.
Theexplosionoftheearthproducedwatervapor,whichturnedintowaterwhentheearthcooleddown.Waterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesintotheoceansandseas.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.Thearrivalofsmallplantsencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Manymillionsofyearslaterthefirstgreenplantsbegantoappearonland.Laterlandanimalsappeared.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthesea.Whentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Later,dinosaursdeveloped.Theybecamethemostimportantanimalsontheearthformillionsofyears.Aftertheydisappeared,mammalsbecamemoreimportant.Theywerethelastgroupofanimalsandtheyweredifferentbecausetheyproducedtheiryoungfromwithintheirbodies.Smallcleveranimals,withhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Astimewentby,theycoveredtheearthandhavebecomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.
2.Translatethefollowingsentences.
1.你遲早會成功的。
2.我的車與你的不一樣。
3.站在門旁邊的那個人是誰？
4.他總是第一個來，最后一個離開。
5.既然你已經(jīng)長大了，你自己決定吧。
Suggestedanswers:
1.You’llsucceedintime.
2.Mycarisdifferentfromyours.
3.Whoisthepersonstandingbythedoor?
4.He’salwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.
5.Nowthatyouhavegrownupyoucandecideityourself.
Step2Preparation
Showsomeexamplesentencesonthescreen.
1Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.
2Youareastudent.
3Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.
4Smokingisbadforyou.
5“Howdoyoudo?”isagreeting.
6Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.
7Thatweshallbelateiscertain.
8It’scertainthatweshallbelate.
Whatpartdoestheunderlinedpartserveasineachsentence?Orfinditssubjectineachsentence.
Step3Grammar
定義：用作主語的從句叫主語從句，它是名詞性從句之一。引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞有：連詞that,whether；連接代詞who,what和which；連接副詞when,where,how和why。
1)由what等代詞引起的主語從句：
Whattheteachersaidtodaywasquiteright.老師今天說的話是十分正確的。
2)由連詞that引起的主語從句：
Thattheyarebadlyinneedofhelpisquiteclear.他們急需幫助，這是十分明顯的。
但是這類句子在大多數(shù)情況下會放到整個句子的后部去，而用代詞it作形式主語。
3)由連接代詞或連接副詞以及whether引起的主語從句。
Whethertheywillsellthehouseisnotyetdecided.他們是否賣掉這所房子還沒有決定。
4)whatever,whoever也可引導(dǎo)主語從句。
Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.這里說的話都應(yīng)當(dāng)保密。
Whoevermakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.凡犯了錯誤的人都必須改正。
注意:上述例句中的主語從句都是放在句首,但有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,避免“頭重腳輕”,常用it作形式主語,而把從句放在后面。例如:
Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯了這樣一個錯誤,真是遺憾。
這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型:
1)Itis+adj./n.+從句
Itisapity/shamethat...遺憾的是……
Itispossiblethat...很可能……
Itisunlikelythat...不可能……
2)It+不及物動詞+從句
Itseems/appearsthat...似乎……
Ithappenedthat...碰巧……
3)It+be+過去分詞+從句
Itissaidthat...據(jù)說……
Itisknowntoallthat...眾所周知……
Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報道……
Itisbelievedthat...據(jù)信……;人們相信……
Itissuggestedthat...有人建議……
單個的主語從句作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)；由and連接的兩個主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Step4practice
Ex1fillintheblanks.
1._____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
2._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent
3.________the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisknown.
4.________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
5.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
6.___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
7.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.
8.TheForeignMinistersaid,“__isourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”
9.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,____ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.
Ex2translation
1.誰贏了比賽還不知道。
_______________isunknown.
2.他所說的話是真的。
____________istrue.
3.我們要晚了，那是肯定無疑的。
_______________iscertain.
4.他去哪里還不清楚。
______________isnotclear.
5.很遺憾你不能來。
____________youcan’tcome.
Homework
Englishweeklypage4part3
高一英語必修三導(dǎo)學(xué)案 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
經(jīng)驗告訴我們，成功是留給有準(zhǔn)備的人。作為高中教師準(zhǔn)備好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以讓學(xué)生更好的吸收課堂上所講的知識點，幫助高中教師提前熟悉所教學(xué)的內(nèi)容。所以你在寫高中教案時要注意些什么呢？下面是由小編為大家整理的“高一英語必修三導(dǎo)學(xué)案 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars”，僅供參考，希望能為您提供參考！
高一英語必修三導(dǎo)學(xué)案Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars班級姓名小組語言要點（模塊）Ⅰ.詞語辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1.loudly/loud/aloudloudlyadv響亮地，高聲地loudadj/adv與sing,speak,talk連用aloudadv相對默讀而言；出聲根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1).Willyoupleasespeak______?2).ItisgoodforyoutoreadEnglish______everymorning.3).Thebombexploded______.4).Ishervoice______enough?5).Actionspeaks______thanwords(事實勝于雄辯).Keys:1).louder2).aloud3).loudly4).loud5).louder2.unlike/dislikeunlikeprep.不像，和……不同adj.[作表語]不相似；不同dislikevt./n.不喜愛，厭惡根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1).Agoodhotelmanagershouldknowhisregularguests’likesand______.2).Herlatestnovelisquite______herearlierwork.3).Ifyougoonlikethatyou’llgetyourself_______(like).4).Iwasveryinterestedinthelecture,______manyofthestudents.Keys:1).dislikes2).unlike3).disliked4).unlike3.remain/leaveremainvi.仍然是；留下；剩下常用句型：remain+n.仍然是remain+adj./adv./prep.仍然是remain+v-ed/v-ing仍然是remaintobedone有待去做，依然要做leavevt.剩下，忽略或未拿或未帶（某物），使或讓（某人、事物）處某狀態(tài)﹑某地等常用句型：leavesb.sth./leavesth.tosb.給某人留下某物leavesth(forsb)留下，交待下(某物)leavesthtosb將某物遺贈給某人remaining/left兩者都可以作形容詞，表示“剩下的”，前者用于被修飾的名詞之前，后者用于被修飾的名詞之后。根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1).Someone______youthisnotewhileyouwereout.2).Aftertheearthquake,little______ofthevillage.3).Heusedthe______moneytobuyadictionary.4).Afterbuyingthedictionary,hehadnotmuchmoney______.5).Arrivinghome,IfoundthatI’d______mykeyintheoffice.6).Don’tleaveher______(wait)outsideintherain.7).Sheremained_______(change)afteralltheseyears.8).Agreatmanythingsremain_______(do).Keys:1).left2).remained3).remaining4).left5).left6).waiting7).unchanged8).tobedone4.climate/weatherclimate指從長時間的范圍來看某地的平均氣候或經(jīng)常性的氣候；weather指某地一時的天氣，如寒暖、晴雨和干濕的變化情況。根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1).Weshallgooutforapicnictomorrowifthe_______isfine.2).Adrier_______wouldbegoodforyourhealth.3).Icouldn’timaginewhatitwouldbeliketoliveinahot________.4).The_______ofourcountryismild,butindividualplacesexperiencebad________.Keys:1).weather2).climate3).climate4).climate;weather5.nowthat/since/because/as都可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，語氣最強的是because，引導(dǎo)直接而明確的原因，也用來回答why的問句或用于強調(diào)句型；其次是since/nowthat，表示已知或明顯的原因，再次是as，引導(dǎo)的原因是不言而喻、顯而易見的；for引導(dǎo)的是并列分句，表推測或判斷的原因，前面有逗號隔開。根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1)._______everybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.2)Itwas_______hewasillthathedidn’tgotoschool.3).Itmusthaverainedlastnight,_______thegroundisallwet.4)._______wearealone,wecanspeakfreely.Keys:1).since/nowthat2).because3).for4).Now(that)Ⅱ.詞性變化（旨在提供語法填空所需材料）1.violentadj.強暴的，猛烈的violencen.暴力，強暴；猛烈violentlyadv.強暴地；猛烈地2.fundamentaladj.基本(礎(chǔ))的n.[pl.]基本原則(法則)fundamentallyadv.基本地；根本地fundamentn.基礎(chǔ)；根本3.developmentn.生長，發(fā)
展；新情況
developvt.發(fā)展；產(chǎn)生
vi.生長；發(fā)展
developedadj.發(fā)達的developingadj.發(fā)展的
4.layvt.放下；擺設(shè)；產(chǎn)(蛋)lay---laid---laid---laying
lievi.躺，平放；位于lie---lay---lain---lying
lien.lay;laid2).prevention3).violence4).development5).developing6).fundamental7).physicist
Ⅲ.重點詞匯（旨在提供詞匯綜合運用材料）1.systemn.[c]系統(tǒng)；體系；制度；方法systematicadj有系統(tǒng)的;有條理的[典例]1).Thesolarsystemincludesthesunanditseightplanets.太陽系包括太陽和它的八顆行星。2).Alcoholisbadforyoursystem.喝酒對身體有害。[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的意思完成句子。1).The____________(教育系統(tǒng))operatesverydifferentlyintheUSandChina.2).Heintroducedusawell-designed____________(鐵路系統(tǒng)).Keys:1).educationalsystem2).railwaysystem2.layvt.(laid,laid,laying)把放下；擺設(shè)；鋪(地毯)；產(chǎn)(蛋)[典例]1).Helaidhishandonmyshoulder.他把手放在我的肩上。2).Whoshouldwelaytheblameon?我們該責(zé)備誰?[重點用法]lay短語：layeggs下蛋l(fā)aysth.aside把某物放在一邊；積蓄（錢）laysth.down把某物放下laytheblameonsb.責(zé)備某人laythetable擺桌子layemphasis/stressonsth.把重點放在某事上[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或翻譯。1).Thebird______itseggsinotherbirds’nests.2).Heisapoliticalleaderthat____________________(非常強調(diào))individualresponsibility.3).He______somemoney______forrainydays.Keys:1).lays2).laysgreatstresson3).lays/puts;aside3.harmfuladj.有害的；傷害的harmn.in2).existonto3).existence5.puzzlevt.on3).cheeringⅣ.重點詞組（旨在提供詞匯綜合運用材料）1.tobeginwith=tostartwith以……開始；由……作為開頭；首先[典例]Tobegin/startwith,Icouldn’tunderstandasingleword.起初，我一句也沒弄明白。[重點用法]begin/startwith從……開始begin/startsthwith從……開始……[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的意思完成句子。1).He______hisspeech______apoem.2).Hisspeech____________apoem.3).__________________,petsaregoodfriendsofmanylonelypeople,especiallytheold.Keys:1).began/started;with2).began/startedwith3).Tostart/beginwith2.intime及時；最終；遲早[典例]1).Theycaughtthebusintime.他們及時趕上了汽車。2).Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.如果堅持下去，你們總有一天會成功的。[短語歸納]time短語：intimeforsth./todosth.及時；不遲innotime立刻；馬上atnotime永不……atonetime有個時期；曾經(jīng)；一度atatime一次；每次attimes=sometimes有時allthetime一直；始終；老是ontime按時；準(zhǔn)時bythetime到……的時候為止forthetimebeing暫時；暫且takeone’stime不著急；慢慢來killtime消磨時間fromtimetotime不時地，間或manyatime常常；多次onceuponatime從前atthesametime同時；盡管如此aheadoftime提前，提早raceagainsttime爭分奪秒timeandagain一次又一次；重復(fù)地keeptime(鐘表)走得準(zhǔn)keepbadtime（鐘、表）走得不準(zhǔn)takeone’stime慢慢來，別急haveagood/nice/hardtime(in)doingsth做某事很……It’s(high/about)timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.是做某事的時候了[練習(xí)]用time短語填空。1).Theysentthemailtomejust______________,beforeI1eft.2).Williamarrivedatthetheatrejust______________fortheplaywastobeon.3).Hurryup!Theconcertwillbegin_____________________.4)._____________________willIgiveup.5).Theboylaughedandcried__________________________.6)._____________________hewasaddictedtoplayingwebgames,butnowhedevoteshimselftowriting,whichdelightshisparents.7).Don’ttrytodoeverythingatonce;takeitabit_____________________.8).You’llhaveyourownofficesoon,but____________________________you’llhavetoshareonewithme.Keys:1).intime2).intime3).innotime4).Atnotime5).atthesametime6).Atonetime7).atatime8).forthetimebeing3.inone’sturn輪到某人；接著[典例]Iwillseeyou,eachinyourturn.我將要一個接著一個地看你。[短語歸納]turn短語：inturn輪流；一個接著一個byturns輪流；一陣……一陣……taketurns(todosth.)輪流（做某物）It’sone’sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事了[練習(xí)]用turn短語填空或翻譯句子。1).Shewenthotandcold______________.2).我們輪流著開車。____________________________________________________________________________________3).今天輪到誰發(fā)言了？____________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).byturns2).Wedrovethecarbyturns/inturn.=Wetookturnstodrivethecar.3).Whoseturnisittogiveaspeechtoday?4.prevent...from=stop...from=keep....from使……不做事；阻止……做某事[典例]Hisbackinjurymaypreventhimfromplayingintomorrow’sgame.他背部的傷可能使他參加不了明天的比賽。注意:prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可省,keepsb.fromdoingsth.中from不可省略，因為keepsb.doingsth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被動語態(tài)中，三者的from都不可省；當(dāng)后接sb’sdoingsth.作賓語時，只能用prevent或stop，不能用keep，因為沒有keepsb’sdoingsth.的句型。[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的意思完成句子或翻譯。1).Doctorstookactionto___________________________________(防止這種疾病的蔓延).2).OfcourseIcan’t_______yourgoingabroad.3).警察阻止他們攜帶武器。_______________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).prevent/stop/keepthediseasefromspreading2).prevent/stop3).Thepoliceprevented/stopped/keptthemfromcarryingweapons.=Theywereprevented/stopped/keptfromcarryingweapons.5.blockout擋?。ü饩€）[典例]Thatwallblocksoutallthelight.那堵墻把光線都遮住了。[短語歸納]out短語：breakout爆發(fā)，發(fā)生burstout大聲喊叫，突然…起來goout外出；過時；(燈)熄putout關(guān)(燈)；撲滅；生產(chǎn)comeout出現(xiàn)，顯露；出版，結(jié)果是helpout幫助解決難題(或擺脫困境)lookout留神；注意watchout注意；提防findout找出，查明，發(fā)現(xiàn)pickout挑出，辨認出，分辨出speakout大聲地說，大膽地說thinkout仔細思考某事；想出（主意等）hangout掛出，閑逛knockedout(拳擊中)擊倒，打昏sellout售完(某種貨物)，脫銷turnout結(jié)果證明是runout(of)用完，耗盡checkout結(jié)帳離去，辦妥手續(xù)離去handout分發(fā)，散發(fā)giveout分發(fā)；用完，消耗盡；發(fā)出(光、聲音等)[練習(xí)]用out短語填空。1).Attheendoftheracehislegs______________andhecollapsedontheground.2).It’seasyto_______him_______inacrowdbecauseheisverytall.3).Hisnwebookwill______________nextmonth.4).Wethoughtitwasgoingtorain;it______________tobeafindday.5).We______________of/fromourhotelat5a.m.tocatcha7a.m.flight.Keys:1).gaveout2).pick;out3).comeout4).turnedout5).checkedout6.beoff=setoff出發(fā)；動身；不用上班/學(xué)/開張[典例]Thenwewereoff.隨后我們就啟程了。[短語歸納]off短語：getoff下車falloff從……摔下來takeoff脫下；起飛keepoff遠離turnoff關(guān)閉payoff付清，還清set...off給……送行kickoff踢球jumpoff跳下giveoff散發(fā)showoff炫耀shutoff關(guān)閉[練習(xí)]用turn短語填空或翻譯。1).ItisaSundayandwe______________(不用上班)today.2).Herhusband______________onabusinesstripsomewhere.3).Therewesawasignreading,“______________thegrass”.4).Aftertenyearsofhardwork,shefinally______________allherdebts.Keys:1).areoff2).wasoff3).Keepoff4).paidoff7.breakout(災(zāi)難、戰(zhàn)爭等)突發(fā)；爆發(fā)[典例]Firebrokeoutduringthenight.夜間突然發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。[短語歸納]break短語：breakawayfrom脫離（黨派）；擺脫（控制）breakdown毀掉；壞掉；(計劃/談判)失敗breakup打碎；拆散；(會議)結(jié)束；分裂(解體)breakoff(使)停止；中斷；折斷breakintosth.強行進入某處breakone’sword/promise食言；說話不算數(shù)[練習(xí)]用break短語填空。1).Aterribletsunami______________inthesoutheasterncountriesofAsiaatChristmas,2004.2).Whendoyou______________forChristmas?3).Negotiationsbetweenthetwosideshave______________.4).Hishousewas______________lastweek.Keys:1).brokeout2).breakup3).brokendown4).brokeninto8.watchout密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防[典例]Watchout!There’sacarcoming.小心!汽車來了。[重點用法]watchoutforsb/sth警惕或注意某人/事物watchover保護；照看[練習(xí)]用watch短語填空。1).Theremusthavebeenanangel______________methatday.2).WhatproblemsshouldI_____________________whenbuyinganoldhouse?3).You’llbecomeanalcoholicifyoudon’t______________.Keys:1).watchingover2).watchoutfor3).watchoutⅤ.重點句子（旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料）1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.它(地球)巨大的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石。最終產(chǎn)生了水蒸氣、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。[解釋]“be+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)通常用來表示“按計劃或安排將要做的事情”，或表示上級對下級、父母對子女下命令，“應(yīng)該做某事”或表示某事“將必然發(fā)生”。例如：1).Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:youaretogotoherofficeafterclass.你的班主任給你一個口信，要你下課后到她的辦公室去。2).Theworstisstilltocome.更糟糕的事情還會發(fā)生。3).We’llholdameetingtomorrow.=Wearetoholdameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingistobeheldtomorrow.我們明天將開會。4).ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.這趟火車將于上午10:25到達北京。[練習(xí)]完成句子或翻譯。1).Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:you__________________toherofficeafterclass.(你的班主任給你一個口信，要你下課后到她的辦公室去。)2).Theworstisstill____________(come).3).We’llholdameetingtomorrow.=We__________________ameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingis__________________tomorrow.4).這趟火車將于上午10：25到達北京。________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).aretogo2).tocome3).aretohold;tobeheld4).ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.2.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.那使生命的生長發(fā)育成為一種可能。[解釋]此句中的made后跟帶形式賓語it的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中it是形式賓語，真正賓語是不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，“forlivetobegintodevelop”，賓語補足語是possible。再如：Shemadeitherbusinesstofindoutwhowasresponsible.她非要弄清楚是誰的責(zé)任不可。提示：常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞還有think，feel，find，consider等。例如：1).Wemakeitaruletogetupat6o’clockeverymorning.2).Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.3).HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.他發(fā)現(xiàn)不可能離開德國去美國了。4).Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.我覺得我有責(zé)任幫助你。[練習(xí)]完成句子或翻譯。1).We________________________(規(guī)定)togetupat6o’clockeverymorning.2).I__________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)很難)togetalongwithhim．3).他發(fā)現(xiàn)不可能離開德國去美國了。____________________________________________________________________________________________4).我覺得我有責(zé)任幫助你。____________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).makeitarule2).findithard3).HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.4).Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.3.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠，步子的跨度竟是地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。[解釋]twiceas...as...“是……的兩倍”，英語常見倍數(shù)的表示句型：1).倍數(shù)+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的幾倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis.2).倍數(shù)+adj./adv.比較級+than“比……(多/大)幾倍”Myroomistwicelargerthanhis.3).倍數(shù)+the+表示長度/高度/寬度等的名詞+of“是……的長度/高度/寬度幾倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.注意：此結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的名詞有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。例如：1).Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.這把尺子是那把的三倍那么長。2).Therearefourtimesasmanystudentsasweexpected.到的學(xué)生是我們預(yù)計的五倍。[解釋]twiceas...as...是的兩倍，英語常見倍數(shù)的表示句型：1).倍數(shù)+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的幾倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis.2).倍數(shù)+adj./adv.比較級+than“比……(多/大)幾倍”Myroomistwicelargerthanhis.3).倍數(shù)+the+表示長度/高度/寬度等的名詞+of“是……的長度/高度/寬度幾倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.注意：此結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的名詞有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。[練習(xí)]完成句子或翻譯。1).這把尺子是那把的三倍那么長。__________________________________________________________________________________________2).到的學(xué)生是我們預(yù)計的五倍。Thereare____________________________________weexpected.Keys:1).Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.2).fourtimesasmanystudentsas課文要點（模塊）Ⅰ.課文詞匯填空（旨在復(fù)習(xí)本課文中的單詞拼寫和主要詞語等）根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容完成下面語法填空，注意單詞拼寫和詞語用法：Astheresultof"BigBang",theviolentearthslowlysettledintoaglobe1(move)aroundthesun.Thegasseswhichweretomaketheearths2（大氣層）cameintobeingfromtheexplosionofthedustball,withwater3(follow)themwhiletheearthcooleddown.Itallowedthebeginningforlife.Manymillionsofyears4,thefirst5(極度的)smallplantsbegantoappear6thesurfaceofthewater,7(繁殖)andfillingtheseaandoceans,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Astimepassed,greenplantstakingcarbondioxideandproducing8（氧氣）cametolandandgrewintoforest.Laterthechainsoflivescontinued,suchasinsects,amphibians,reptiles,dinosaursandmammals,thetypicalof9ishumanbeing.Theydontonlydo10totheearthbutcausedamagetoit.答案：1.moving2.atmosphere3.following4.later5.extremely6.on7.multiplying8.oxygen9.which10.goodⅡ.課文大意概括（旨在訓(xùn)練用30個單詞概括大意的能力）閱讀課文，試著用30來個單詞概括課文大意或?qū)⑾旅娴亩涛淖g成英語，短文解釋了生命如何在地球上開始的。首先，地球爆炸和產(chǎn)生水。因為水的存在，然后植物和動物，包括人類逐漸在地球上出現(xiàn)。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Thepassageexplainshowlifebeganontheearth.Atfirst,theearthexplodedandproducedwater.Andthenplantsandanimalsincludinghumanbeingsappearedontheearthgraduallybecausewaterexistsontheearth.Ⅲ.課文佳句背誦與仿寫（旨在培養(yǎng)對難句的理解和寫作能力）1Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.[模仿要點]句子結(jié)構(gòu)：what＋主語從句＋is…till+時間名詞＋定語從句他要給我什么禮物一直不知，直到昨天下文他來看我是我才知道。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whatgifthewouldgivemewasuncertainuntilyesterdayafternoonwhenhecametoseeus.沒人知道我們將要得到什么樣的工作，直到3年后我們從大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后才知道。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whatjobswewillgetisunknownuntil3yearslaterwhenwewillgraduatefromuniversity.2Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.[模仿要點]句子結(jié)構(gòu):主語從句＋is＋that表語從句他想告訴我們的是一天下文當(dāng)他在回家的路上看見一只小鳥受傷了。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whathewantedtotellusisthatoneafternoonwhenhewasonhiswayhomehesawabirdwhichwasdying.他缺席的原因是他在上學(xué)時被一輛小車撞傷了。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whyhewasabsentisthathewasbadlyhurtbyacarwhenhewenttoschool.3Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.[模仿要點]句子結(jié)構(gòu)：which引導(dǎo)一個定語從句對上句情況的進一步說明。我們常?？吹接腥藖y丟亂吐，這弄得我們的環(huán)境很臟__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Weoftenseesomepeoplethrowrubbishandspiteverywhere，whichmakesourenvironmentdirty.她的父母非常感激我們，醫(yī)生也高度評價了我們的急救，這使得我們意識到學(xué)習(xí)急救的必要性。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Herparentswereverythankfultousandthedoctorsthoughthighlyofourfirstaid,whichmadeusrealizethenecessityoflearningfirstaid.單元自測（模塊）1完形填空閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1—10各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。字數(shù)：196完成時間：14分鐘難度：***Whosaid:"IfIdidnthavebadluck,Iwouldnthaveanyluckatall！"However，notall"badluck"shouldbeconsideredasa(n)1thing.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyou2!Inthe1920s,ErnestHemingway3somethingabout"badluck"andgotjustsuchakick.Hewas4tosucceedasawriterwhen5struck.Helostasuitcasecontainingallthemanuscripts(手稿)thathehadbeenplanningtopublish.Hemingwaycouldntimaginedoinghisworkalloveragain.Allthosemonthsofwritingweresimply6.Hetoldafriendabouthisbadluck,whotoldhimitwasactuallyverygood7!Heassured(向...保證)Hemingwaythatwhenherewrotethestories,hewouldforgetthe8parts;onlythebestmaterialwouldreappear.HeencouragedHemingwaytostartagain,butwithoptimismand9thistime.Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.Dontprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.Dontaskforsmallerchallenges;askforgreater10.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!1.A.essentialB.confusingC.acceptableD.bad2.A.backwardsB.offC.onD.forwards3.A.learnedB.saidC.heardD.solved4.A.waitingB.strugglingC.dreamingD.wishing5.A.challengesB.changesC.disasterD.failure6.A.buriedB.failedC.wastedD.undone7.A.fortuneB.resultC.journeyD.idea8.A.weakB.importantC.goodD.last9.A.knowledgeB.confidenceC.imaginationD.luck10.A.chanceB.sympathyC.wisdomD.kick答案：文章用海明威的例子來說明一個問題：當(dāng)生活給你一個打擊，你就借勢向前。1.D通讀全文可知“不應(yīng)該把所有的壞運氣都看作壞事”(它也許是推動你前進的一次機會或者動力)。根據(jù)此意需要選D項2.D根據(jù)文章最后一段可以得到提示：“Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!”當(dāng)生活給你一個打擊，你就借勢向前。3.A海明威通過這個“厄運”學(xué)到了一些東西。學(xué)到了/學(xué)會了要用learn表達。4.B從第四段最后一句“Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.”可知在他丟書稿的時候他尚未成名，所以是在努力(struggling)當(dāng)中。5.C即將出版的書稿丟了，這對尚未成名的海明威來說不啻是一次災(zāi)難(disaster)。6.C這幾個月的辛勤勞動的成果就這樣付諸東流了(simplywasted)。7.A他向朋友哭訴時，朋友卻認為這是運氣（fortune）。從下文他勸告海明威重新來寫作并且取得成功可以看出來。8.A忘記那些不太有印象的東西，這些也是小說里不怎么重要或不精彩的(weak)部分。weak與thebest相對。9.B朋友鼓勵他要樂觀(optimism)，要有自信心(confidence)，而confidence與optimism并列，表達相近的意思。10.C從前一句的“Don’tprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.”可知不是要祈禱問題會減少，而應(yīng)該去起到自己獲得更大的能力。那么，下一句：不是祈禱少一些挑戰(zhàn)，而應(yīng)該祈禱自己具備更高的智慧(greaterwisdom)來應(yīng)對這些挑戰(zhàn)。不是尋找一個簡單的解決途徑，而是要可能的最佳的方法。2.語法填空閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號為1—10的相應(yīng)位置上。字數(shù)：143完成時間：8分鐘難度：***OnWednesdaymorningatelevenoclock,IwaswalkingdownMainStreet.Ihadjustparkedmycar.SuddenlyIheardtwoshots.Ithoughtthey1(come)fromthebank.Irantowardthebank.Isawaman2(come)out.Hewasshortandfat3abigmoustache.More4(importance),hehadabagofmoneyandaguninhishands!5Icoulddoanything,heranupthestreet6disappearedbehindabus.ThatafternoonIwenttothemovies.7happened?Isawthethiefagainatthefootofthestairs!Itelephonedthepolicefromatelephonenexttotherestrooms.Thepolicearrivedin8thanfiveminutes.Theyarrestedthethiefjustashe9(buy)achocolatebarfromthecandymachine.Whatanexcitingday!Andbestofall,thebankgaveme100reward.答案：1．hadcome考查動詞的過去完成時態(tài)，表槍聲在我想／認為之前發(fā)生：2．Coming考查動詞短語seesomebodydoingsth．的結(jié)構(gòu)：3．with介詞，"有，具有"：4．importantlymoreimportantly表“更重要的是”：5．Before時間狀語從句，表“在……之前”：6．a(chǎn)ndand連接ranup...和disappeared兩個動作，表并列關(guān)系：7．WhatWhathappened?是固定句型，表驚訝：8.1esslessthan5minutes表“不到五分鐘”。9．wasbuying過去進行時態(tài)，表當(dāng)時正在買巧克力時，警察逮捕了他：10．a(chǎn)表一份獎品：3.信息匹配閱讀下列應(yīng)用文及相關(guān)信息，并按照要求匹配信息。請閱讀下列某書店各書架的相關(guān)信息：SectionA:Do-It-YourselfSection---Ontheseshelvescustomerscanfindthelatestmanualsonhowtodoeverythingfrombuildingacomputertoconstructingyourownhome.SectionB:Sports2)你贊成哪一種學(xué)習(xí)方式，合作學(xué)習(xí)還是單獨學(xué)習(xí)?3)你以前采取什么學(xué)習(xí)方式，比較你先后采取兩種學(xué)習(xí)方式上的變化及不同結(jié)果。[寫作要求]1．作文中可使用自己的親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)的故事，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；標(biāo)題自定。2．作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學(xué)校名稱。[評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]概括準(zhǔn)確，語言規(guī)范，內(nèi)容合適，篇章連貫。[寫作輔導(dǎo)]1．寫作有可能用到的主要短語和單詞：熱情enthusiasm,合作學(xué)習(xí)studyingroups，單獨學(xué)習(xí)studyalone。2．本文的概要必須包含以下要點：Iprefertostudyalone.Ifindstudyingalonemorechallengingandexciting./IbelievethemosteffectivewaytolearnnewknowledgeisbyStudyingalone.3．本文要注意，概要一定要根據(jù)文段的時態(tài)來寫。同時，絕對不能抄襲原文的句子。文章是談你對同學(xué)間是否必要合作學(xué)習(xí)的看法，屬于評論性文字，故多用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時態(tài)。但你以前采取何種學(xué)習(xí)方式屬于經(jīng)歷，必須使用一般過去時態(tài)。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：TheBestWaytoLearnInMikesspeech,weknowthathelikestostudyalonebecausestudyingaloneisthemosteffective,morechallengingandexcitingwaytolearnnewknowledge.PersonallyIlikestudyingingroups.Whenstudyingingroupswecanlearnfromeachother,shareourexperiencesinsolvingdifficultproblemsandlearnmoreinlesstime.InthepastIseldomhadtheconfidencetodiscussstudytopicswithmyclassmates.IalsohadlittleenthusiasmforstudyingasIfounditveryboring.ButfollowingmyteachersadviceIjoinedastudygroupandtomysurprisemyperformanceinclasswasimprovedgreatly.StudyingbecamemoreenjoyableandsomethingIlookedforwardtodoing,asIwasabletolearnfromaswellashelpothers.Soforme,studyingingroupsisbyfarthemosteffectivewaytolearn.高三英語教案：《Astronomy: the science of the stars》教學(xué)設(shè)計
詞匯詳解：
1.In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun.
在我們的太陽系里八個行星繞太陽運轉(zhuǎn)。
The birds were circling around over the lake.
鳥兒在湖面上空繞圈子。
The teachers are used to circling the pupils' spelling mistakes in red ink.
教師習(xí)慣于用紅筆圈出學(xué)生的拼寫錯誤。
They sat in a circle round the fire.
他們圍著火坐成一圈。
In political circles there is talk of war.
在政治圈里，有人談?wù)摰剑〞l(fā)生）戰(zhàn)爭
2. The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers.
地球上生命的起源是個使天文學(xué)家感興趣的問題。
the origins of civilization 文明的起源
He is a German by origin.他原籍德國。
This new theory will certainly interest you.
這新理論肯定會引起你的興趣。
I find no interest in such things.
我對這些不感興趣。
His two great interests in life are music and painting.
他一生中的兩大愛好是音樂和繪畫。
The interests of the individual must be subordinated to the interests of the collective.
個人利益必須服從集體利益。
3. However， according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.
但是，一種普遍為人們所接受的理論是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，這次大爆炸將物質(zhì)投射到四面八方。
?● widely accepted 被廣泛地接受、認可
● begin with 始于
to begin with 起初
Knowledge begins with practice. 認識從實踐開始。
To begin with, I couldn’t understand every word.
起初，我一句也沒弄明白。
●In which direction are you going, north or south?
你準(zhǔn)備往哪個方向走？向北還是向南？
What direction does this exhibition hall face?
展覽館朝什么方向
【聯(lián)想拓展】
in all directions 四面八方; 各方面
in every direction向各方面, 向四面八方
in the direction of 朝 ... 方向
4. a cloud of dust 一團塵埃
a cloud of …一大群，一大片
My mother drew my uncle's attention to a cloud of unusual size and shape .
我的媽媽讓我的叔叔注意一團形狀大小很不規(guī)則的云彩。
5. What it was to become was uncertain, …
它會變成什么沒有人知道，……
?●What it was to become 是一個主語從句，在整個句子中做主語；
【?聯(lián)想拓展?】?
●be to do這一結(jié)構(gòu)在本句中表示“即將”。
be to do的其他用法：
1)表示命令、義務(wù)、職責(zé)等，可譯作“應(yīng)該、必須”。長輩要求晚輩做某事常用這一句型。
2)表示將來要做的事，或按計劃、約定要做的事，這一用法主要用于正規(guī)文件中，可譯作“打算、將要”。
3)表示不可避免將要發(fā)生的事，或命中注定的事。
I am uncertain what to do. 我確定不了做什么。
6. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
地球開始變得激烈動蕩，不知道這個固體形狀是否會繼續(xù)存在下去。
●a violent wind 暴風(fēng)
a violent death 橫死; 暴死
a violent dislike 極端的厭惡
●The hot weather lasted until the end of September.
炎熱的天氣一直持續(xù)到九月底。
This food will last them 5 days.
這些食物足夠他們吃五天。
This cloth lasts well.
這種布很耐穿。
7. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce the water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases,...
它（地球）巨大的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石，最終產(chǎn)生了水蒸氣、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多種氣體，……?
●explode with anger勃然大怒, 大發(fā)脾氣
explode with laugher哄堂大笑
The bomb exploded.炸彈爆炸了。
I threw the vase on the floor and it exploded into tiny pieces.
我把花瓶扔到了地板上，花瓶砰地一聲摔個粉碎
The children exploded three firecrackers.
孩子們?nèi)挤帕巳齻€爆竹
?●in time來得及;總有一天，遲早?
I was just in time for the flight.?
我剛好來得及趕上那班飛機。?
I will see him in time.總有一天我會遇見他。?
【?聯(lián)想拓展?】?
in no time立即，立刻
at any time 在任何時候?
at one time曾經(jīng)，一度
at times 有時，偶爾?
on time按時，準(zhǔn)時
of the time現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)時的?
I jump into the river in no time.
我立即跳入河中。?
You may use my watch at any time.?
你可以隨時用我的手表。?
At one time there were not so many cars on the streets.?
從前街上沒有這么多車子。?
At times I go to the playground to play football.?
我有時到操場踢足球。?
The guest reached the hall on time.
客人準(zhǔn)時到達大廳。?
I think he is the greatest musician of the time.?
我想他是當(dāng)代最偉大的音樂家。
【練習(xí)】
用time介詞短語填空
(1)—Why are you in a hurry to leave here??—Get home ________ to bathe the children.
(2)These buses are never ________ and the passengers are always complaining.?
(3)I am away, please call me ________ if someone come to see me.
(4)You can’t imagine this lake used to be a beautiful place in our province ________.
(5)He rushed out of the kitchen ________ when he heard the shout.
(6) ______ I sit silently and wonder if this kind of job is worth all the effort.
8. cool down 冷卻,平靜下來
A heated argument can be settled better if both sides cool down first.
如果雙方都先冷靜下來，激烈的爭執(zhí)可以處理得好一些。
9. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.
水會對于生命的發(fā)展起關(guān)鍵作用，這一點在當(dāng)時并不明顯。
●It is obvious that she is very clever. 很明顯，她挺聰明。
●There are fundamental differences between your religious beliefs and mine.
你我的宗教信仰根本不同.
The fundamental cause of his success is hard work
他成功的重要原因是努力工作。
Fresh air is fundamental to good health. 空氣新鮮是身體健
康之必需。
A fundamental of good behavior is consideration for others.
良好行為的一個根本是體諒他人。
10. … the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
水的持續(xù)存在使得地球把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。
●Your presence is a gift to the world.
你的存在是獻給世界的一份厚禮。
She was so quiet that her presence was hardly noticed.
她一聲不響，幾乎沒有人留意到她在場。
Your presence at the meeting is requested. 敬請光臨。
【聯(lián)想拓展?】
●allow sb. sth.同意給某人某物
allow sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事
allow doing sth.允許做某事，與permit在很多情況下可以通用。其他動詞advise，forbid 也有類似用法。
The reading room doesn’t allow smoking.閱覽室不準(zhǔn)吸煙。
People are not allowed to spit in public.不許當(dāng)眾吐痰。
permit, allow的不同用法:
(1)allow可以和副詞連用，permit則不能。如:
Mary wouldn’t allow me in.瑪麗不讓我進去。
(2)表示客氣的請求時，主語是you應(yīng)當(dāng)用permit，以表示下級對上級，幼輩對長輩，低層對高層人尊敬的請求。若主語用I，則應(yīng)當(dāng)用allow的被動形式。如:
May I be allowed to use this knife? =Will you permit me to use this knife?我可以用你的刀子嗎？
【練習(xí)?】
用allow短語的適當(dāng)形式完成句子
(1)The girl’s parents are very strict and they don’t _____________________________________ beyond midnight.
女孩的父母相當(dāng)嚴厲，他們不允許她待在外面超過12點。
(2)We don’t _______________________________________ in the meeting room of the school.
我們不準(zhǔn)有人在學(xué)校的會議室里吵鬧。
(3)I _______________________________________ for his birthday present.?
我答應(yīng)給小男孩自行車作為生日禮物。
11. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使得生命就有可能開始發(fā)展了。
12. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.?
它們繁殖起來并使得海洋充滿了氧氣，這促進了早期貝殼類動物和各種魚類以后生的長發(fā)育。
●He filled the bucket with water.
他把水桶裝滿水。
●There have been many new developments in gene.
基因方面已經(jīng)有幾項新的發(fā)展。
Father watched the development of his baby with interest.
爸爸充滿興趣地看著孩子的成長。
【聯(lián)想拓展】
with the development of society 隨著社會的發(fā)展
political development政治動態(tài)
housing development住宅區(qū)
【練習(xí)】
詞形填空
(1)As the new country ______ (develop),more and more people live a happy and easy life.
(2)America is a ______ (develop) country, the average income is very large.
(3)In Africa, some countries are ___ (develop) countries. They are badly need other countries aid.
(4)With the ______ (develop) of economy, our society still needs the rapid development of civilization.
13. …were able to live on land as well as in the water. ……
既能在陸地上生存也能在水里生存。
●He grows flowers as well as vegetables.
他既種菜也種花.
I'm learning French as well as English.
我學(xué)英語之外還學(xué)法語。
Rose is as well as her brother.
羅斯和她哥哥身體一樣棒。
14. They produced young generally by laying eggs.
它們一般是通過孵蛋而繁衍后代的。
Animals protect their young. 動物保護它們的幼崽。
15. …existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.
……在地球上生存了一億四千多萬年。
●exist v.存在;there exist表示“存在/有”，此時exist不用進行時。
Several people believe the Devil exists in the world.
少數(shù)人認為世界上存在惡魔。
There exists warm-hearted person everywhere.
好人到處都有。
Conference like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there is still time to take action.
像地球峰會一樣的會議有助于人們明白現(xiàn)存在的嚴重問題，也明白還有時間來采取行動的。
there exist表示“存在/有”，是 “there be”句型的延伸，類似的還有there stand, there lie, there live, there occur。
【練習(xí)】
詞形填空
It is surprising that a kind of animal _______ (exist) in the dry desert.?
(2)There ______ (exist) a good way to solve many difficult physics problems.?
16. give birth to 引起，產(chǎn)生，造成，生
His wife give birth to a son for him.
他老婆給他生了一個兒子.
It is very important that you should I learn to release the stress. Otherwise, it will give birth to a serious psychological question.
最重要的是要學(xué)會釋放壓力.否則,就會產(chǎn)生嚴重的心理問題.
17. …some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth.
一些小巧聰明，長著手腳的動物出現(xiàn)了，它們散布在地球各個地方。
spread(spread, spread) vt.使伸展，延伸vi.（消息等）傳開，流行
Mum spread a new cloth bought in the supermarket on the table when we had dinner.
我們吃飯時媽媽在桌子上鋪上一條從超市買來的新桌布。
He spread out his arms to welcome us warmly.
他張開雙臂熱情地歡迎我們。
The exciting news spread through the school quickly.
這激動人心的消息很快傳遍了學(xué)校。
【聯(lián)想拓展?】
spread out 傳開
spread rumors 散布謠言
spread like wildfire 像野火一般傳開
spread oneself 舒展身體
spread the table 鋪桌子
spread the load 分攤(工作量)
18. Thus they have, in their turn, became the most important animals on the planet.
于是，他們接著成為了這個行星上最重要的動物。
There has been no rain — thus, the crops are drying.
天沒下雨，因此莊稼要枯死了。
She studied hard; thus she got high marks.
她用功讀書, 因此獲得高分。
19. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.
他們把過多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去。
●The atmosphere here is very clear.這里的空氣很純凈。
There is an atmosphere of peace and calm in the country, quite different from the atmosphere of a big city.
在鄉(xiāng)間有一種和平寧靜的氣氛，和大城市的氣氛截然不同。
●prevent sb./sth.(from) doing sth.阻止某人或者某事做某事
His words can’t prevent us from buying books.
他的話不會阻止我們買書。
The heavy rain prevented us going on,but we didn’t lose heart.
大雨阻止我們前進，但是我們不灰心喪氣。
另外，與這種結(jié)構(gòu)相似的有stop sb./sth.(from) doing sth.（from可以省略）和keep sb./sth. from doing sth.（from不可以省略）。
Lynn’s parents tried to stop her seeing him.
林恩的父母企圖阻止她和他見面。
You won’t keep the things from happening.
你不能阻止事情發(fā)生。
【聯(lián)想拓展】
完成句子
(1)Nothing would ________________________ against injustice. ( prevent)?
什么也不能阻止他鳴不平。
Please have an apple _________________ until dinner time.(keep)?
吃個蘋果就能挨到吃晚飯了。
單選
（3）The heavy rain _____ us visiting the attractive lake, but we didn’t _____.
A. prevented; lose the heart B. prevented; lose heart
C. kept; lose the heart D. kept; lose the heart
20. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on.
因此，很多科學(xué)家們相信地球可能會變得太熱而不能在上面生存。
As a result of the rain, I was late.
雨太大，所以我來晚了。
21. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.?
所以在未來的數(shù)百萬年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個問題能否得到解決。?
depend on/upon意思為“依靠，依賴”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)是 depend on sb./ sth.，depend on sb. to do sth.。
The country depends heavily on its tourist trade.
這個國家主要依靠旅游業(yè)。
The poor man depends his son to earn money.
這個窮人依靠他的兒子去賺錢。
要特別注意depend on it常用于句首或句末，意思為“請放心，沒問題”;It all depends和That depends意思為“看情況而定”，二者都用于口語中。例如：
Depend on it, he’ll turn up.
請放心，他一定會來的。
It depends how you tackle the problem.
那取決于你如何解決這個問題。
【練習(xí)】
用depend短語的適當(dāng)形式完成句子
(1)—Is your father coming tomorrow?
— _______ _______ (那要看情況).He may not have the time.
(2)—We don’t know if we can offer help.
—_______ _______ _______ (一切看情況而定).
(3)—What is your attitude?
—_______ _______ _______ (請放心).We won’t give up.
22. There used to be nine planets in the solar system.
在太陽系了原來有九顆行星。
注意there be的變形：there seems to be, there must be, there can be, there is going to be, there has/have been 等。
23. At the beginning, the earth had no water. 起初，地球上沒有水。
【聯(lián)想拓展】
A good beginning makes a good ending. [諺]欲善其終必先善其始。
at the beginning從一開始; 開始; 起初; 首先
at the beginning of在...初
from beginning to end從頭到尾, 自始自終
Everything must have a beginning.[諺]凡事都有個開頭。
24. The evidence for this theory is that the atoms that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on the earth.
這個理論的根據(jù)是組成月球上巖石的分子似乎與地球的不同。
Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.
農(nóng)民只占人口的一小部分.
Every one can be different from another. Why must we all be the same?
每個人都可以和別人不一樣。為什么非要人人都一樣？
25. Although its origin may still be a puzzle, the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.
雖然它的起源仍然是個謎，但是月球就是地球的一個衛(wèi)星。
It's a puzzle where all my money goes each week.
我每星期的錢都到哪兒去了是一個難解的問題。
This letter puzzles me.
這封信使我迷惑不解。
I'm puzzled about what to do next.
下一步該怎么辦,我心里還沒數(shù)哩。
26. find ways to solve the problem of global warming.
找到解決全球變暖這個難題的方法
27. die out滅絕, 逐漸消失, 漸漸止息
Some animals will die out if we don't protect them.
好多動物會滅絕假如我們再不去保護他們。
28. As a result of this event, a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.
由于這件事，在天空中形成一大團塵埃遮住了陽光。
That wall blocks out all the light.
那堵墻把光線都遮住了。
29. However, whether the climate will change again is a concern for everybody on earth.
但是，氣候是否會再變是世上每個人關(guān)切的事。
She showed great concern about you. 她很為你擔(dān)心。
【?聯(lián)想拓展?】?
have a concern in和...有利害關(guān)系
have no concern for毫不關(guān)心
30. …a comet crashed into the earth long ago…
……很久以前，一顆彗星撞擊了地球，……
She noticed a car crash into a big tree nearby
.她注意到一輛小汽車撞到了附件的一棵大樹上。
31. …I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space
………有幸得到一個機會去太空旅行……
They know well enough what we mean. 他們當(dāng)然懂得我們的意思。
32. …explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful.
…向我解釋說，在我們的航行中會有三次引力的改變，而第一次的改變將是最強的。
Please explain to me where to begin and how to do it.
請向我說明從哪里開始以及怎樣做。
He explained how the machine was used.
他解釋了怎樣使用那臺機器。
33. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.
隨著火箭徐徐升空，因為我們要盡力逃離地球的吸引力，所以我們被向后推在座位上。
【?聯(lián)想拓展?】?
escape danger脫險
escape one's memory被某人遺忘
His name escapes me. (=His name escapes my memory.)
我記不得他的名字了。
He narrowly escaped death.
他九死一生。
The hotel guests tried their best to escape from the burning building.
旅客們盡力從燃燒的大樓中逃出來。
34. On the earth if I fall from the tree I will fall to the ground.
在地球上如果我們從樹上掉下來，總會朝地上落下去的。
35. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s.
當(dāng)我們更接近月球時，就會感到月球的引力在拉我們，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。
36. I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.
我離開高興起來，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來飄去，望著地球越來越小，月亮越來越大。
37. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
但是當(dāng)我努力向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠，步子的跨度竟是地球上的兩倍。
【聯(lián)想拓展】
英語倍數(shù)表達法：
1.用times表示倍數(shù)（一般限于包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)三倍或三倍以上的數(shù)。表示兩倍的數(shù)，一般用twice）
其句型有：
1）...times+形容詞（副詞）比較級+than...。如：
This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.
這個大廳比我們的教室大五倍。（是我們教室的六倍大）
2）...times +as+形容詞（或much）或副詞原級+as...。如：
The big box is four times as heavy as the small one.
大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。
3）...times +the+名詞（size, height, weight, length, width）+of。如：
This big tree is four times the height of that small one.
這棵大樹的高度是那棵小樹的四倍。（比那棵小樹高三倍）
4）...times+more+名詞（可數(shù)，不可數(shù)）+than...。如：
There are four times more books in our library than in yours.
我們圖書館藏書（數(shù)量）是你們圖書館的四倍。（多三倍）
5）...times +as many（或much）+名詞+其他。如：
There are three times as many apples in this basket as in that one.
這個籃里的蘋果是那個籃里的三倍。
There are five times as many students as we expected.
這里的學(xué)生是我們預(yù)計的五倍。
6）...times +over+被比對象，表示“增加……倍”。如：
The grain output in that village was twice over that of 1978.
那個村的糧食產(chǎn)量比1978年的增加了兩倍。
7）...times +that of+被比較的對象表示“是……倍”。如：
In this workshop, the output of July was 3.5 times that of January.
這個車間7月份的產(chǎn)量是1月份的3.5倍。
2.用double表示倍數(shù)。
1）double作形容詞，表示“兩倍的”。如：
The production is now double what it was ten years ago.
現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是十年前的兩倍。
2）double作動詞，意為“是……的兩倍”。如：
The output has been doubled in the past five years.
過去五年中產(chǎn)量翻了一番。
38. Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.
既然重力改變了走路確實需要練一練了。
39. After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.
過了一會兒，我才掌握了走路的訣竅，這才開始感到自入了。
40. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.
我們驚奇地看著，隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。
break out可指大火、戰(zhàn)爭等突然爆發(fā)。
World War Ⅱ broke out in 1939.
第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是1939年爆發(fā)的。
break out還可指突然發(fā)出某種聲音。
She broke out in curses in her dream.她在夢中大聲咒罵起來。
41. There is very little gravity so that things float around.引力很小以致于東西飄來飄去。
42. watch out for… 戒備，提放，密切注意
43. Astronomy is a scientific subject made up of mathematics and physics.
天文學(xué)是數(shù)學(xué)和物理構(gòu)成的科學(xué)科目。
44. You can use the scientific method when studying English too.
學(xué)習(xí)英語的時候你也可以運用科學(xué)方法。
◆genuine指物品的來歷或性質(zhì)同所說的是一致的。如:
