高中教案教案

Astronomy教案。

作為老師的任務(wù)寫教案課件是少不了的，是認(rèn)真規(guī)劃好自己教案課件的時候了。只有規(guī)劃好了教案課件新的工作計劃，新的工作才會如魚得水！你們清楚有哪些教案課件范文呢？以下是小編為大家收集的“Astronomy教案”供大家借鑒和使用，希望大家分享！

Unit4
Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
教材分析和教材重組
教材分析
本單元的主要內(nèi)容是邊緣科學(xué)、地球生命的起源，萬有引力、黑洞和太空旅行等天文學(xué)知識。通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對科學(xué)的興趣，激發(fā)學(xué)生探究科學(xué)的熱情。
1.WarmingUp部分共有三組問題，第一組問題引導(dǎo)學(xué)生討論邊緣科學(xué)(FrontierScience)，即以兩種或多種學(xué)科為基礎(chǔ)而發(fā)展起來的科學(xué)。例如，生物化學(xué)是以生物學(xué)和化學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的邊緣科學(xué)。第二組問題探討科學(xué)研究的方法。第三組問題讓學(xué)生思考要成為真正的科學(xué)家所必須掌握的技能。
2.Pre-reading部分主要讓學(xué)生弄清楚什么是科學(xué)思想，什么是宗教信仰或文化傳統(tǒng)。學(xué)生總喜歡聽故事或講故事，在探討生命的起源的科學(xué)道理之前，讓學(xué)生交流一下有關(guān)宇宙的起源的種種傳說，既有趣味性，又能調(diào)動學(xué)生的相關(guān)知識，激活學(xué)生的思維。
3.Reading部分講述了地球上生命的起源。水的形成使得地球有別與其他星球，它使得地球上生命的誕生成為可能?？茖W(xué)家認(rèn)為，地球上的生命首先誕生于水中，上百萬年后，陸地上才長出綠色植物，隨后出現(xiàn)了陸棲動物和水陸兩棲動物。最初的動物靠孵化繁衍后代，后來出現(xiàn)了哺乳動物，人類也隨之誕生了。文章最后講述的現(xiàn)象發(fā)人深省：Theearthmaybecometoohotforthelivesonit.它關(guān)系到地球上生命的未來。
4.Comprehending部分通過四個選擇填空題檢測學(xué)生對本文核心問題的理解：地球上生命的起源和延續(xù)需要哪些條件?隨后通過排序的方式幫助學(xué)生弄清本文的行文線索，也就是地球上生命的起源和發(fā)展歷程。最后提出兩個問題，考查學(xué)生的深層理解和推斷能力。
5.LearningaboutLanguage部分首先通過英文解釋幫助理解課文中的生詞，然后，通過短文填空、詞語分類等形式將這些詞語用于一個相關(guān)的情境中。語法部分也是采用先發(fā)現(xiàn)后應(yīng)用的學(xué)習(xí)方法。先通過到課文中找句子，讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識主語從句，然后，設(shè)置一個用手機發(fā)短信息的情境，讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行簡單句與主語從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)。最后設(shè)置情境來復(fù)習(xí)第三單元出現(xiàn)的表語從句。
6.UsingLanguage部分綜合訓(xùn)練聽說讀寫的能力。聽力部分的內(nèi)容介紹三位科學(xué)巨匠，不僅通過聽力填表的形式訓(xùn)練學(xué)生捕捉細(xì)節(jié)的能力，還通過四選一的形式幫助學(xué)生找主題思想。在解釋對與錯的過程中，教師可以適當(dāng)?shù)亟榻B一下概括主題的方法。閱讀部分是一個科幻小故事，通過“我”和“我的朋友”乘宇宙飛船登月球的經(jīng)歷，介紹了重量、失重和地球引力等科學(xué)道理。說和寫部分以Visitingthemoon為話題，要求學(xué)生討論登月球需要攜帶的物品和在月球上可能遇到的困難，并要求學(xué)生找出克服這些困難的方法。教師可以根據(jù)課本上的提示，向?qū)W生介紹“先分述后總結(jié)”的寫作方法。提出問題的解決方案時，要求學(xué)生選用適當(dāng)?shù)摹爸甘尽庇谜Z。
教材重組
1.將WarmingUp，Pre-reading，Reading與Comprehending整合在一起上一節(jié)“閱讀課”。
2.將LearningaboutLanguage和Workbook的usingwordsandexpressions及usingstructures整合在一起上一節(jié)“語言學(xué)習(xí)課”。
3.將UsingLanguage設(shè)計為一節(jié)包括聽說讀寫在內(nèi)的“綜合技能課（一）”。
4.將Workbook的READINGANDLISTENING和TALKING結(jié)合在一起上一節(jié)“聽說課”。
5.將Workbook的LISTENINGTASK，READINGANDWRITINGTASK和SPEAKINGTASK設(shè)計為一節(jié)“綜合技能課（二）”。
課時分配1stPeriodReading
2ndPeriodLanguagestudy
3rdPeriodIntegratingskills(Ⅰ)
4thPeriodListeningandSpeaking
5thPeriodIntegratingskills(Ⅱ)www.lvshijia.net

Part1:TeachingDesign
(第一部分：教學(xué)設(shè)計)
Period1:Asamplelessonplanforreading
(HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH)
Aims
Todevelopthestudents’readingability
Tolearnsomethingaboutastronomy
Procedures
I.Warmingupbylearningvocabulary
Goodmorning,class!Today,waregoingtotakeUnit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars.Beforewereadthetext,let’sturntopage99andgetfamiliarizedwiththevocabularyfirst.Payattentiontothemakingoftheword.Studytheprefixes,rootsandsuffixesinthewords.
AstronautYangLiwei
II.Pre-reading
1.Lookingandsaying
Haveyoueverwonderedhowtheuniversebegan?WellImsureyoumayhavemanyanswerstothisquestion,butIhaveonethatperhaps,youmaynothaveheardofyet.Iwillbegivingyoumytheoryonthissubject.Nowlookatthescreenandlistentometellingyousomethingexciting.
科學(xué)家透露：宇宙可能有兩個
我們的宇宙和一個"隱藏的"宇宙共同"鑲嵌"在"五維空間"中。在我們的宇宙早期，這兩個宇宙發(fā)生了一次相撞事故，相撞產(chǎn)生的能量生成了我們宇宙中的物質(zhì)和能量。
2.Talkingandsharing
Doyouknowhowtheuniversebegan?
Inthe1920sinCalifornia,astronomerEdwinHubbleobserveddistantgalaxiesusinganextremelypowerfultelescope.Hemadetwomind-boggling(unbelievable)discoveries.
First,HubblefiguredoutthattheMilkyWayisn’ttheonlygalaxy.Herealizedthatfaint,cloud-likeobjectsinthenightskyareactuallyothergalaxiesfar,faraway.TheMilkyWayisjustoneofbillionsofgalaxies.
Second,Hubblediscoveredthatthegalaxiesareconstantlymovingawayfromeachother.Inotherwords,theuniverseisexpanding.Thebiggestthingthatweknowaboutisgettingbiggerallthetime.
Afewyearslater,BelgianastronomerGeorgesLematreusedHubble‘samazingdiscoveriestosuggestananswertoabigastronomyquestion:“Howdidtheuniversebegin?”
III.Reading
1.Listeningandreadingaloud
Nowpleaselistentotherecordingandthenreadthetextaloud.Payattentiontohowthenativespeakerisreadingalongandwherethepausesarewithineachsentence.Iwillplaythetapetwiceandyoushallreadaloudtwice,too.
2.Readingandunderlining
Nextyouaretoreadandunderlinealltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsinthepassage.Copythemintoyournotebookafterclassashomework.
CollocationsfromHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH
acloudofenergeticdust具有能量的塵埃,combineinto…合成……,movearoundthesun環(huán)繞太陽運轉(zhuǎn),becomeviolent變得激烈,thesolidsurface固體表面,explodeloudly猛烈爆炸,intime及時，最終,producethewatervapor產(chǎn)生水蒸汽,maketheearth’satmosphere構(gòu)成了地球的大氣層,cooldown冷卻,onthesurface在表面,bedifferentfrom…與……不同,goroundthesun環(huán)繞太陽運轉(zhuǎn),disappearfrom…從……消失,stayon…存留在……,showone’squality顯現(xiàn)某人的特性,dissolveharmfulgases分解，溶解有害氣體,becomepartof…變成……的一部分,developlife發(fā)展生命,growinthewater在水里生長,fill…with…用……來填充……，充滿了……,encouragethedevelopmentof…鼓勵……的發(fā)展,millionsofyearslater幾萬年以后,liveonland在陸地上生活,liveinthesea在海里生存,growintoforests長成森林,produceyoung生出幼仔,layeggs下蛋,animalswithhandsandfeet長著手腳的動物,spreadallovertheearth遍布全世界,developnewmethods發(fā)展了新的方法,growfood種植,movearound遷徙,goby過去，推移,takecareof…在意……，照看好……,put…into…把……帶入，放入……,prevent…from…防止……做……,escapefrom…into…從……逃離到……,becomehot變熱,dependon….依靠，依賴，取決與……,solveaproblem解決一個問題
3.Readingandunderstandingdifficultsentences
Skimthetextandidentifythedifficultsentencesofeachparagraph.Youmayputyourhandupifyouhaveanyquestions.
4.Readingandtransferringinformation
Readthetextagaintocompletethetablebelow,
HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH
Whatwastheearthlikeafterthe“BigBang”?
Whywastheearthdifferent?
Howwaslifedevelopedonearth?
Whatdidsmallcleveranimalsdo?
5.Readingandtranslating
Asyouhavereadthetexttimes,youcansurelyputitintoChinese.WangHongqin,willyoubethefirsttohaveatry,ofputtingthefirstparagraphintoChinese.
IV.Closingdown
Closingdownbydoingexercises
Toendthelessonyouaretodothecomprehendingexercises2and3onpages26and27.
Closingdownbyhavingadiscussion—HowDidtheUniverseBegin?
Thereareonlythreepossibleanswerstothisquestion.
1．Itwascreatedbysomethinglargerthanitselfsincethefirstlawofthermodynamics(熱力學(xué))saysthatenergycannotbecreated,onlychanged.
Theuniversehadtobecreatedbysomethingoutsideitself,becauseofthesamelaw.Wealsoknowthatmancouldnothavecreatedit.
2．Itwasbegunbychance(oraccident);or
3．Theanswerisnotsure.
Shownthisway,thequestionis:
AdditionalMaterials
Completethesummaryofthestorywithonewordineachblank.
HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH
Afterthe“BigBang”camea1ofenergeticdust,theearth.Dustcombinedintoaball,moving2thesun.Theearthbecameviolent.Thenit3loudly.Intime,thewatervaporwasproduced,makingtheearth’satmosphere4down.Waterthenappearedonthe5.Theearthwastobedifferentfromotherplanetsgoingroundthe6.Waterdisappearedfromotherplanets.Butitstayedon7.
Smallplantsbegandeveloping8thewater.
Yearslatergreenplantscameinto9.Theairthenwas10withoxygen.
Millionsofyearslater,small11animalswerefoundtobelivingonthe12,inthesea.Theyspreadallovertheearth,moving13theearth,puttingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmospherewhich14heatfromescapingfromearthintospace.
Intheendtheearthmaybecometoohottolive15.
（Keys:1.cloud2.around3.exploded4.cool5.surface6.sun7.earth8.in9.being10.filled11.clever12.land13.around14.prevents15.upon）
Comprehensionquestions
1.Whatformstheearth’satmosphere?
A.Carbondioxide,oxygen.B.Carbondioxide,oxygen,poisonousgas.
C.Watervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogen.
D.Watervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases.
2.Canyoutellwhatisthe“specialqualities”oftheearthaccordingtothepassage?
A.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.B.Theearthwassolidshapewhichwaslast.
C.Thereareanimalsandhumanbeingsliveonit.D.Waterremainsonthesurfaceoftheearth.
3.Whatkindoffactorimprovetheprogressoflife?
A.Waterformsontheearth’ssurface.B.Greenplantsbegantoappearonland.
C.Theairisfullofcarbondioxide.D.Animalsbegantoappearsuchasinsects,amphibians,est.
4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
A.Ittellsushowdoeslifebegintoappearontheearth.
B.Ittellsuswhydoesgreenplantsgrowbeforeanimals.
C.Ittellsuswaterplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentoflife.
D.D.Ittellsuscarbondioxideisthereasonwhylivingbeingswilldieinthefuture,
5.Theauthorinfersusthatifwewanttothelifecontinueontheearth,whatshouldwedo?
A.Weshouldproducemorecarbondioxidetocauseglobalwarming.
B.Weshouldsolvetheproblemofglobalwarmingassoonaspossible.
C.Weshouldbearlesspeopleandthinkaboutanewwaytogrowmorecrops.
D.Weshouldbeworthyofwater.
(Key:DDBAB)
Notestosomedifficultsentences
1.Afterthe“BigBang”theearthwasjustacloudofenergeticdust.隨著“轟隆”一聲巨響，地球就成為一個云團(tuán)，充滿著具有能量的塵埃。
BigBang(big-bangcosmology)大爆炸宇宙學(xué)。
2.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.它（地球）巨大的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石，最終產(chǎn)生了水蒸汽、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。
intime:soonerorlater;eventually遲早；最后。
I’llseehimintime.總有一天我會遇見他。
intime(forsth/todosth):notlate及時；不遲。
Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.她來得及回來準(zhǔn)備晚飯。
in/outoftime:in/notinthecorrecttime合/不合節(jié)怕。
Theaudienceclappedintimetothemusic.觀眾合著音樂的節(jié)拍拍手。
（sth）beto(do):(something)willdefinitelyhappen,oritmusthappen不可避免要發(fā)生或必須發(fā)生。
Theysaidgoodbye,littleknowingthattheywerenevertomeetagain.他們彼此說了再見，幾乎不知道再也不可能見面了。
Sheistobehonoredforthisgreatwork.她（一定）會因這部著作而獲得榮譽。
Mr.Clarksaidtohisdaughter,“Youaretobehomeby10o’clockatthelatest.”克拉克先生對他的女兒說：“你必須在10點之前到家。”
3.Nobodyknewthatitwasgoingtobedifferentfromotherplanetsgoingroundthesun.誰也不知道地球會別于環(huán)繞太陽運轉(zhuǎn)的其它行星。
（sb/sth）bedifferentfrom:notlikesomeoneorsomethingelseinoneormoreways與……不同。
Citylifeisquitedifferentfromcountrylife.都市生活與鄉(xiāng)村生活是非常不同的。
注意：（1）強調(diào)different時用very,much,quite,entirely,totally等詞。（2）有時，美語口語中用than，英語口語中用to來代替from。
goingroundthesun為現(xiàn)在分詞短語，作定語，表示一般的動作。例如：
Menbreakingthelawwillbepunished.
Menwhobreakthelawwillbepunished.違法的人要受到處罰。
現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，也可以表示進(jìn)行的動作。例如：
Canyouseethegirldancingwithyourboyfriend?
Canyouseethegirlwhoisdancingwithherboyfriend?你能看見與男友跳舞的那個姑娘嗎？
4.Itallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgases,whichhadbecomepartoftheearth’satmosphere,intotheoceansandseas.它使地球把曾經(jīng)存在于大氣層中的有害氣體溶解在海洋里。
allow…todo允許某人做某事。如：
Herparentswon’tallowhertostayoutlaterthan11:00intheevening.她父母不允許她晚上在外逗留超過11點。
PleaseallowmetoexplainthatIdidnothaveanyideaabouthisarrangement.請允許我解釋，我事先不知道他的安排。
但要注意：“準(zhǔn)許做某事”應(yīng)當(dāng)是allowdoing不是allowtodo。如：
Theyshouldn’tallowparkinginthisstreet.It’stoonarrow.他們不應(yīng)該允許在這條街上停車，街道太窄了。
Walkingonthegrassisnotallowed.不許踩踏草坪。
5.Thisencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.這為早期貝類及其他各種魚類的發(fā)育進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)造了條件。
encourage鼓勵；促進(jìn)；慫恿
Fatherencouragedhimtostudyphysicsbutheprefersmaths.父親鼓勵他學(xué)物理，但他更喜歡數(shù)學(xué)。
Heencouragedmetolearndancing.他鼓勵我去學(xué)跳舞。
名詞后綴-ment加在動詞之后表示：
1)行為，例如：argument,betterment,development,treatment.
2)結(jié)果，例如：arrangement,statement,settlement.
3)工具，例如：instrument,pavement.
6.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.它們一般是通過孵蛋而繁衍后代的。
bydoing用于說明做某事的手段，方式。如：
Idon’tthinkshecanhelphimbyjustgivinghimmoney.我認(rèn)為她光靠給錢是幫不了他的。
Heusedtomakehislivingbypainting.他以前是靠畫畫為生。
7.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他們把過多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去。
prevent…fromdoing阻止某人做某事。如：
Hishearttroubledidnotpreventhim(from)goingtoclassthenextday.他的心臟病痛沒能阻止他第二天去上課。
Nothingcanpreventtheirplans(from)beingcarriedout.什么也不能阻止他們的計劃得以實施。
8.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.在未來的數(shù)百萬年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個問題能否得到解決。
(sth)dependon(sthelse):somethingmightonlyhappenorbetrueifthecircumstancesarerightforit取決于；決定于。如：
“Willyougofishingthisafternoon?”“Well,italldependsontheweather.”“你今天下午去釣魚嗎？”“得看天氣?！?br> formillionsofyearstocome中不定式tocome作定語，與前面的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，例如：
Sheisthelastpersontodosuchathing.她是最不像做這種事的人。

主語從句
一、由what（whatever，whoever）等代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句。
Whattheyareafterismoney.他們追求的是金錢。
Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.這里說的話都應(yīng)當(dāng)保密。
二、由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。其中that一般不可省略，但若用it作形式主語，that從句后置時，則可省略。為避免頭重腳輕，我們傾向用it開頭，后接be，seem等。如果句子是疑問形式，就只能用帶it的結(jié)構(gòu)。
Thatmoneydoesntgrowontreesshouldbeobvious.
金錢不能從樹上長出來是顯而易見的。
Itisobvious（that）moneydoesntgrowontrees.顯而易見，金錢是不能從樹上長出來的。
Hasitbeenannouncedwhentheplanesaretotakeoff？飛機什么時候起飛宣布了沒有？
注意：
1）選用what還是用that引導(dǎo)主語從句要根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句中是否擔(dān)任成分而定。且what（以及whatever，whoever等）引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般不用it作形式主語。
Whathesaidistrue.他說的是真的。（what在其引導(dǎo)的主語從句中作賓語。）
ThatChinaisagreatsocialistcountryiswellknown.（=It’swellknownthat…）眾所周知，中國是一個偉大的社會主義國家。（that在其引導(dǎo)的主語從句中不作任何成分，也無詞義，只起連接作用。）
2）it引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句與it作形式主語的復(fù)合句不可混淆。it引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句是用來對句中某一成分加以強調(diào)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：“Itis（或was）+強調(diào)部分+that（或who）…”強調(diào)句去掉Itis（或was）…that（或who）…框架后，剩余部分為一個完整的句子。
ItwasIthat(who)metMaryinthestreetyesterday.是我昨天在街上遇見了瑪麗。(強調(diào)主語)
3）常見的用it作形式主語的復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)：
*Itis+形容詞（necessary，strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely，等）+that從句，從句中常用虛擬語氣。
It’snecessarythathewritesomethinginEnglish.他用英語寫點東西是必要的。
It’sstrangethatshedidnotgotoschoolyesterday.奇怪的是她昨天沒去上學(xué)。
*Itis+名詞（afact，apity，nowonder，goodnews，等）+that從句
Itsapitythatsheshouldhavesaidso.真遺憾她竟然會這么說。
*Itis+過去分詞（said，reported，decided，unknown等）+that從句
ItssaidthatourEnglishteacherwillgoabroadnextweek.據(jù)說我們英語老師下周要去出國。
*It+不及物動詞（seems，appears，happens，matters等）+that從句
Itseemsthatsheisingreatneedofhelp.看來她急幫忙。
4）主語為從句時，一般要用單數(shù)謂語動詞形式；但如果引導(dǎo)的從句作主語、代表復(fù)數(shù)概念（?？蓮谋碚Z上看出）時，謂語動詞則常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：
Whatweneediswater.我們需要的是水。
Whatweneedareusefulbooks.我們需要的是有用的書。
三、由連接代詞或連接副詞（或if,whether）引導(dǎo)的主語從句。
Whentheywillcomehasntbeenmadepublic.他們什么時候回來還沒有宣布。
WhetherI’llattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecided.=Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhether(if)I’llattendthemeeting.我是否參加會議還未決定。

1._____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
2.______shecouldntunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What；whyB.That；whatC.What；becauseD.Why；that
3._____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
4.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo____Icantosavethem
A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever
5.Itisprettywellunderstood_____controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.
A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how
6.___wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.
A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what
7._______teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.
A.NomatterwhatB.NomatterwhichC.WhateverD.Whichever
8.______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.
A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever
9.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,______ourastronautsdesiretodoistowalkinspace.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how
10.______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.
A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires

1．____studieshardwillpasstheexam.
A.WhoeverB.AnystudentC.WhoD.Thosewho
2.____theworkersinsistedonwasthatthey____morepay.
A.That;mustbegivenB.What;begivenC.Whether;wouldbegivenD.What;shouldgive
3.____hewillbesenttoHainaniscertain.
A.WhyB.WhetherC.ThatD.How
4---Youlooksoworried,whathashappened?
----Itworriesme____I’vehurthim.
A.ifB.whichC.whatD.whether
5.____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter
6.Does____matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?
A.thisB.thatC.heD.it
7.____breaksthelawshouldbepunished.
A.AnyoneB.WhoeverC.HeD..Whatever
8.____Iacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.
A.IfB.WhetherC.EvenifD.When
9.____saidthatwaswrong.
A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnybodyD.Everybody
10._____isunknowntousall.
A.WheredidhegetitB.Wherehegotit
C.ThatwherehegotD.Whichhegotit
11.____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever
12.Itworriedherabit____hershoeswerewornout.
A．whileB.thatC.ifD.for
13．Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother，doesitmatter____itwas？
A.WhereB.whatC.howD.which
14．____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
15．Ifound____strangethatshedidntshowanyinterestinit.
A.thatB.whatC.itD.which

1.澳大利亞出產(chǎn)羊毛。
2.父親把零錢放進(jìn)錢包。
3.他們敏捷的行動阻止了火勢蔓延。
4.你不能永遠(yuǎn)依賴你的雙親。
5.我們初次見面到如今已有好多年了。


1.B因謂語動詞dependson，說明gocamping這件事尚未確定。主語從句在句首時，不用if，故用whether。
2.A本句兼考查主語從句與表語從句。
3.C此題中有兩個不是并列的動詞謂語，而Anyone和Theperson不是連接代詞，也不是關(guān)系代詞，所以先排除A和B；又whoever=thepersonwho,故選C.
4.A本句考查“dowhatonecan（do）”這一句型。用whatever代what語氣更強。
5.Cwhat引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中做主語，it是形式主語；that引導(dǎo)主語從句時，只起引導(dǎo)作用，不作任何成分。
6.A主語從句wecan’tget后缺賓語，故需用what；而than后分句也缺賓語，仍需用what。
7.D根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知本題考查名詞性從句用法，故A、B項排除；whatever與whichever的不同之處在于前者沒有范圍而后者有范圍，而本句中所表達(dá)的是在本周六參加比賽的獲勝隊，是有范圍的，故D項正確。
8Awhat引導(dǎo)主語從句，在主語從句中作主語。表語從句部分是說明該商店與眾不同的具體內(nèi)容，并未指人，因此排除B、D兩項；whatever：anythingthat…意為“……的任何事物”，不合句意，故排除。
9.B根據(jù)題干中的…todois…可知主語從句中缺少主語，而選項中能作主語從句主語的只有what。
10.C此句中it作形式主語，代替后面的that從句，而且that從句內(nèi)容與require構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故C項正確。

1.A2B.3C4D5A6D7B8B9B10B11D12B13D14D15C

1.Australiaproduceswool.
2.Thefatherputthesmallchangeintothewallet.
3.Theirpromptactionspreventedthefirefromspreading.
4.Youcan’tdependonyourparentsforever.
5.Manyyearshavegonebysincewefirstmet.

相關(guān)閱讀

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars教案

作為杰出的教學(xué)工作者，能夠保證教課的順利開展，高中教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案，這是每個高中教師都不可缺少的。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠在課堂積極的參與互動，減輕高中教師們在教學(xué)時的教學(xué)壓力。優(yōu)秀有創(chuàng)意的高中教案要怎樣寫呢？下面是小編精心為您整理的“Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars教案”，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

單元要覽

類別

課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求掌握的項目

話題

Scienceofthestars;thedevelopmentoflife;spacetravelandgravity

詞匯]

astronomy

n.天文學(xué)

exist

vi.存在;生存

system

n.系統(tǒng);體系;制度

thus

adv.因此;于是

religion

n.宗教;宗教信仰

dioxide

n.二氧化物

theory

n.學(xué)說;理論

biology

n.生物學(xué)

atom

n.原子

biologist

n.生物學(xué)家

billion

pron.（美）十億

puzzle

n.迷;難題vt.（使）為難

globe

n.球體;地球儀;地球

gravity

n.萬有引力;重力

violent

adj.猛烈的;激烈的;強暴的

float

vt.（使）漂浮n.漂浮物

carbon

n.碳

gentle

adj.溫和的;文雅的

atmosphere

n.大氣層;氣氛

physicist

n.物理學(xué)家

unlike

prep.不同;不像

climate

n.氣候

fundamental

adj.基本的;基礎(chǔ)的

crash

vt.墜落

harmful

adj.有害的

spaceship

n.宇宙飛船

acid

n.酸

pull

n.拖;牽引力

chain

n.鏈子;連鎖;鎖鏈

satellite

n.衛(wèi)星;人造衛(wèi)星

multiply

vt.增加

mass

n.質(zhì)量;團(tuán);塊;大量

oxygen

n.氧

exhaust

vt.用盡;耗盡

短語

solarsystem太陽系

blockout擋住（光線）

intime及時;終于

cheerup感到高興;感到振奮

layeggs下蛋

nowthat既然

givebirthto產(chǎn)生;分娩

breakout突發(fā);爆發(fā)

inone’sturn輪到某人;接著

watchout密切注視;當(dāng)心;提防

carbondioxide二氧化碳

prevent...from阻止;制止

重要句型

1.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8bill!--?xml:namespaceprefix=vns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"/--ionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.(betodo;what-clauseasthesubject)

2.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.(so...that;itis/wasnot+adj.+whether-clause)

3.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.(what-clauseasthesubject;that-clauseasthepredicative)

4.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.[itis/was(not)+adj.+that]

5.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(whether-clauseasthesubject;dependon+whether-clauseastheobject)

功能

Instructions:

Pleasepayattentionto...Pleasecheckthat....Youneed...

Don’tforgetto...Makesurethat....Watchoutfor...

You’dbetter...Youmust/mustn’t...Pleaselookat...

語法

Nounclausesasthesubject

Whatitwastobecomewasuncertain...

...itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.

教學(xué)重點

1.Getstudentstolearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearthandmakingaspacetrip.

2.HavestudentslearnsomeusefulnewwordsandexpressionsandletthemlearneffectivewaystorememberEnglishvocabulary.

3.Enablestudentstousetheexpressionsofinstructionscorrectlyindailylife.

4.Letstudentslearnthenewgrammaritem:nounclausesasthesubject.

5.Developstudents’listening,speaking,readingandwritingabilities.

教學(xué)難點

1.Enablestudentstomastertheuseofnounclausesasthesubject.

2.Letstudentslearntowriteashortarticletoshowtheirproblemsandthewaystoovercomethem.

3.Developstudents’integrativeskills.

課時安排

Periodsneeded:7

Period1Warmingupandreading

Period2Learningaboutlanguage:Importantlanguagepoints

Period3Learningaboutlanguage:Grammar

Period4Usinglanguage:Listeningandspeaking

Period5Usinglanguage:Extensivereading

Period6Usinglanguage:Speakingandwriting

Period7Revision:Summingupandlearningtip

Period1Warmingupandreading

整體設(shè)計教材分析Thisisthefirstteachingperiodofthisunit.Atthebeginningoftheclass,theteachercanleadinthetopicoftheunitbyhavingafreetalkwithstudentsaboutsomefamousscientistsandwhattheyhavediscovered.ThenturntoWarmingUp.Itisintendedtohavestudentsthinkaboutandthendiscussthesetwogroupsofquestions:1.Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.Whatarethey?Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?2.Whatinterestsyouinastronomy?Doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin?Pre-readingistoremindstudentsthattheoriginoflifeontheearthisaquestionthatinterestsastronomersandeachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganontheearth.Theteachershouldaskstudentswhattheyknowabouttheseandthenletthempredictwhatkindofinformationwillbeintroducedinthenextpart!--?xml:namespaceprefix=st1ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"/--Reading.ThereadingpassagetitledHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHprovidesstudentsabriefintroductiononhowtheuniversedevelopedandhowlifebeganontheearth.Itprovidesascientificbackgroundtoanyinvestigationintospaceanditisfactual.Studentsareencouragedtopreviewthetextandfindouttheusefulnewwords,expressionsandstructuresthemselves.Theyshouldtrytoworkoutthemeaningsofthenewwordsthroughthecontext.Thenifnecessary,theycanlookthemupinthedictionaryorturntotheteacherforhelp.Alsoencouragethemtolookatthepicturesandreadthetitletoguesswhatthetextmightbeabout.Thenletthemskimforthegeneralidea,andscanforfurtherunderstanding.Inordernottoletthemfeelmuchdifficult,theteachershoulddealwithanylanguageproblemswhiletheyarereading.Afterreading,studentsarerequiredtodothefiveexercisesintheComprehendingtoseehowmuchtheyhaveunderstoodthereadingpassage.Theteachercanfirstletthemworkinpairsoringroupstofindtheanswerscooperatively,andthenchecktheiranswerswiththewholeclass.Toconsolidatethecontentsofthereadingpassage,studentsshouldberequiredtoretellthepassage.Inordertoarousethestudents’interest,theteachercanholdacompetition.教學(xué)重點1.Letstudentsreadthepassageandlearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.2.Getstudentstolearndifferentreadingskills,especiallythereadingabilityofunderstandingimpliedmeaningoftheauthor.教學(xué)難點1.Enablestudentstounderstandthepassageandknowaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.2.Letstudentslearnhowtousedifferentreadingskillsfordifferentreadingpurposes.三維目標(biāo)知識目標(biāo)1.Getstudentstolearntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispart:astronomy,system,religion,theory,atom,billion,globe,violent,carbon,atmosphere,unlike,fundamental,harmful,acid,chain,multiply,oxygen,exist,thus,dioxide,puzzle,solarsystem,intime,layeggs,givebirthto,inone’sturn,carbondioxide,prevent...from2.Letstudentslearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.能力目標(biāo)1.Developstudents’readingabilityandletthemlearndifferentreadingskills.2.Enablestudentstoknowaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.情感目標(biāo)1.Trainstudents’interestinscienceandstimulatetheirloveforastronomy.2.Developstudents’senseofcooperativelearning.

教學(xué)過程設(shè)計方案（一）→Step1PresentationHaveafreetalkwithstudents.1.Letstudentsbrainstormthefollowingquestions:Whoareourancestors?Doyouknowwhatitwaslikebeforelifeappearedontheearth?Doyouknowhowlifebeganontheearth?Doyouwanttogetmoreinformation?2.Tellstudents:Todaywewilllearnsomethingabouthowlifebeganontheearth.TurntoPage25.Let’scometoWarmingUpfirst.→Step2WarmingupLetstudentsthinkaboutthefollowingquestionsandthendiscussthemwiththeirpartners.1.Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.Whatarethey?Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?VenusEarthMarsMercuryJupiterNeptuneSaturn2.Whatinterestsyouinastronomy?Doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin?→Step3Pre-reading1.Getstudentstodiscussthequestionswiththeirpartners.1)Theoriginoflifeonearthisaquestionthatinterestsastronomers.Whatdoyouknowaboutit?2)Eachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganonearth.Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?2.Letthemtelltheirstories.Encouragethemtotelldifferentstories.Iftheydon’tknowany,tellthemsome,forexample,Panguseparatedtheskyfromtheearth,Panguturnedintoamyriadofthings,Nuwamademen,andsoon.3.Askthemtoreadthetitleandlookatthepictures.Predictwhatthereadingwillbeabout.→Step4Reading1.FastreadingGetstudentstoreadthepassagequicklyandthenwritedownthemainideaforeachparagraphandthewholepassageinthefollowingchart.

HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH

Paragraph1

Paragraph2

Paragraph3

Paragraph4

Paragraph5

Thepassage

板書設(shè)計

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

Warmingupandreading

HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH

Paragraph1

Paragraph2

Paragraph3

Paragraph4

Paragraph5

Thepassage

活動與探究Supposeyouareanexpertwhostudiesastronomy.YouareinvitedtogiveaspeechtotheschoolstudentsaboutthedevelopmentoflifeonEarthDay(April22).ReadthepassageHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHagainandgotothelibraryorsurftheInternettofindmoreinformationandbereadytopresentyourspeechtotheclass.Youmaybeginlikethis:Goodmorning/afternoon.Iamgreatlyhonoredtobeheretogiveyouaspeechaboutthedevelopmentoflife.

高二英語Astronomy教案

一名優(yōu)秀的教師在教學(xué)方面無論做什么事都有計劃和準(zhǔn)備，教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案，這是老師職責(zé)的一部分。教案可以讓學(xué)生們充分體會到學(xué)習(xí)的快樂，幫助授課經(jīng)驗少的教師教學(xué)。那么怎么才能寫出優(yōu)秀的教案呢？下面是小編精心為您整理的“高二英語Astronomy教案”，相信能對大家有所幫助。

高二英語Astronomy教案
Unit4Astronomy:TheScienceOfTheStars
Teachingaims:
1.Enablestudentstoimprovetheirlisteningskillsandreadingability.

2.Enablestudentstounderstandthedevelopmentofgravityandhowgravityaffectsusindifferenttimesandplaces.

3.Arousestudents’interesttosearchforthemysteryofspace.
Emphasis:
1.Wordsandexpressions:gravity,float,cheerup,nowthat,breakout,etc

2.Astronomicknowledgelikegravityandblackhole.
Difficulties:
1.Helpthestudentstounderstandthedevelopmentofgravity.

2.Helpthestudentstoknowhowgravityinfluencesus.
Teachingmethods:skimming,scanning,discussing.
Teachingaids:ataperecorder,aprojectorandacomputer.

Teachingprocedures:
Thefirstperiodreading
StepIPresentation
T:Hello,everyone!Todaywe’llcometoUnit4Astronomy.BeforethatIhaveaquestion:Wheredowecomefrom?Orwecansay:Whoareourancestors?
S1:Monkeys!
S2:BeijingRenwholivedmanyyearsago.
S3:Reptiles.
S4:Mammals.
S5:Amphibians.
S6:Dinosaurs.
T:Verygood!Canyouputtheminrightorder?
S7:Amphibians,Reptiles,Dinosaurs,Mammals,BeijingRen.
T:Doyouknowwhatitwaslikebeforelifeappearedonearth?
S8:Itwasfullofwater,perhaps.
T:Beforethat,whatwasitlike?
S9:Sorry,Idon’tknow.
T:Doyouwanttogetmoreinformation?Todaywe’lllearnsomethingaboutHowLifeBeganontheEarth.TurntoPage25.Let’scometoWarmingupfirst.
StepIIWarmingup
1.Readthethreequestions,whilethestudentslistenandfollow.
2.GivetheSsseveralminutestodiscussthequestions.
3.Collectanswersfromthewholeclass.
4.Checktheanswerswhilediscussing.
T:I’llreadthethreequestionsforyou.Youshouldlistentomecarefully.(Ifstudentsdon’tknowhowtodiscuss,showthemanexample.)Forexample,medicine.Whensomeonegetsseriousillness,hewillgotothehospital.Thedoctorwillexaminehim.Hewilltakehistemperature,measurehisbloodpressureandgivehimanX-ray,oraCT.Forthewholeprocessoftheexamination,whatkindofsciencehasbeenused?
S1:Biology.
S2:Chemistry.
T:Sowecansaymedicinecombinesbiologyandchemistry.Whataboutbiochemistryandgeophysics?
S3:Ithinkbiochemistrycombinesbiologyandchemistry.
S4:Geophysicscombinesgeologyandphysics.
T:Whataboutastronomy?
S5:Physics.
S6:Mathematics.
T:Verygood.Weshouldknowthatastronomyisamultidisciplinarysubjectandifwewanttodosomeresearchonit,weshouldknowmanysciencesubjectsrelatedtoit.Nowdiscussthesecondquestion:
Whatdowemeanwhenwesaywearestudyingasubjectscientifically?Orwhat’sthecorrectattitudetowardsscience?
S7:Weshouldbeobjective,notsuperstitious.
T:What’sthecorrectwaytoproveascientificidea?
S8:Weshoulddesignexperimentstotestitforseveraltimes.
S9:Thenwecananalyzetheresultsanddrawaconclusionatlast.
T:Let’ssumuptheanswers.Tostudyasubjectscientifically,wemusttrytobeobjective.Inordertotestouridea,weshoulddesignexperiments,thenanalyzetheresultsanddrawaconclusion.Nowlet’stalkaboutthethirdquestion.
Whatarethemostimportantskillsweneedtoberealscientists?
S10:Weshouldbeverycareful.
S11:Beobjectiveandlogical.
S12:Weshouldbewiseenoughtodesignanexperimentandwritethereportsclearly.
S13:Weshouldbeabletodrawconclusionsfromtheexperimentsandnotimposeconclusionsonthedata.
T:Ithinkyouhavedonegreatwork.Fromthediscussionweknowthatit’snoteasytobeascientist.Soyoushouldworkharderifyouwanttobeascientist.
StepⅢPre-reading
GettheSstodiscussthequestionsonPage25withtheirpartners.ThenasktheSstotelltheirstories.EncouragetheSstotelldifferentstories.Iftheydon’tknowany,tellthemsome.
T:Nowpleaselookattheslideshow.Anddiscussthesequestionswithyourpartners.ThenI’llasksomestudentstotellustheirstories.Areyouclear?
Ss:Yes,Sir/Madam.
1.Doyouknoweachreligionorculturehasitsownideasaboutthebeginningoftheuniverse?Pleasegiveanexampleifyouknow.
2.Doyouknowwhatascientificideais?
AftertheSs’discussion,teachersaysthefollowing.
T:Nowwho’dliketotellusastory?Volunteer!
S1:Letmetry.InChina,weallknowthatPanguseparatestheskyfromtheearth.
T:Canyoudescribethestoryindetails?
S1:Sorry,Ican’trememberclearly.
T:Whocan?Nobody?NowI’lltellyou.Lookatthescreen.
StepⅣReading
Scanning
GettheSstoreadthepassagequicklyandaccuratelyandmeanwhilehelptheSstoformagoodhabitofreading.TeachergivestheSsacoupleofminutestolookthroughthewholepassage.TelltheSstoreadthetextsilentlyandthenasksomedetailedquestionsaboutthetextontheslideshowwiththeirpartners.TeachershouldencouragetheSstoexpresstheirideas.
T:We’regoingtolearnapassageabouthowlifebeganontheearth.Nowlet’slookattheslideshow.Readthetextquicklyandfindanswerstothefollowingquestions.
Showthequestionsonthescreen.
1.Whatwasthereontheearthbeforelifecouldbegin?
2.Whydoscientiststhinktherehasneverbeenlifeonthemoon?
3.Whydidanimalsfirstappearintheseas?
4.Whydidgreenplantshelplifetodevelop?
5.Whyweremammalsdifferentfromotheranimals?
T:Nowwhocananswerthefirstone?
S1:Watervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases.
T:Whataboutthesecondone?
S2:Becausethereisnowateronthemoon.
T:Whataboutthethirdone?
S3:Becausewaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesintotheoceansandseas.
T:Thefourthone?
S4:Becausegreenplantscantakecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereandfilltheairwithoxygen.
T:Whataboutthelastone?
S5:Theyweredifferentbecausetheyproducedtheiryoungfromwithintheirbodies.
T:Welldone!NowturntoPage26Comprehending1,Ithinkyoumaycontinuetoreaditagaintogetmoredetails.
Skimming
Inthispart,SswillreadthetextagainandthenfinishPart1,2and3.
T:NowpleaseskimthepassagefasttofinishPart1.Thenwewillchecktheanswer.
KeytoPart1:BCBB
T:SkimParagraph2,3and4,andfinishPart2and3.
Key:DBIGEHACFJ
T:ForPart3,discussthemwithyourpartner.
T:Whyisitwronginfilmsandstoriestoshowdinosaursandpeopletogether?
S:Becausedinosaursdiedoutlongbeforehumanbeingsdevelopedontheearth.
T:Doyouagreewithhim?
S:Yes.
T:Whatabouttheanswertothesecondquestion?
S:Theyarethecleverestanimalsbecausetheyhavelargerbrainsthananyothercreaturesontheearthsofar.
T:Excellentjob!I’llcheckhowmuchyouhavelearnedaboutthepassage.
StepVListening
Listentothetapeforthestudentstofollowandhavefurtherunderstandingofthepassage.
T:Readafterthetape,thenanswermesomequestionswithyourbookclosed.
Playthetape
T:Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth?
Ifonestudentcan’tanswercompletely,asktwoorthreeormorestudents.
Ss:Theexplosionoftheearthproducedwatervapor,whichturnedintowaterwhentheearthcooleddown.
T:Whyiswaterimportantontheearth?
Ss:Becausewaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesintotheoceansandseas.
T:No.3,finishthefollowingform.

Keytotheexercise:
2.shellfishandallsortsoffish5.amphibian(onlandandinwater)
7.reptiles(onland)8.dinosaurs(onland)9.mammals(onland)
T:That’sallforthispassage.Nowlet’sdealwithsomelanguagepoints.
Explanation
T:TurntoPage25.Let’slookatthesentences:
1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour.
whichleadsnon-restrictiveattributiveclause.
intime:soonerorlater;eventually
I’llseehimintime.
intime(forsth./todosth.):notlate
Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.
in/outoftime:in/notinthecorrecttime
Theaudienceclappedintimetothemusic.
2.Nobodyknewthatitwasgoingtobedifferentfromotherplanetsgoingaroundthesun.
bedifferentfrom:notlikesomeoneorsomethingelseinoneormoreways
Note:Wecanusevery,much,quite,entirely,totallytomodifydifferent
Citylifeisquitedifferentfromcountrylife.
goingaroundthesunis-ingformthatservesasattributive.
Menbreakingthelawwillbepunished.
Canyouseethegirldancingwithyourboyfriend?
3.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.
tocome:servesasattributive
Sheisthelastpersontodosuchathing.
dependon:somethingmightonlyhappenorbetrueifthecircumstancesarerightforit
Oursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.
4.Walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.
nowthat:becauseofthefactthat
NowthatI’mfree,Icanenjoymusicforawhile.
Nowthatyou’vegrownupyoucandecideityourself.
PassageAnalyzing
Chartofthetext
Howlifebeganontheearth

TextRetelling

Retellthetextusingabout100words.
StepⅥHomework
Retellthepassageaccordingtotheform.
Rememberimportantlanguagepoints.

ThesecondperiodExtensivereading
Step1
Showsomepicturesoftheastronautsinthespace
Step2
Readthepassageandfillintheform
Step3Languagepoints
1.LastmonthIwasluckyenoughtohaveachancetomakeatripintospacewithmyfriendLiYanping,anastronomer.
Enough:pronadjadv
Theboyisoldenoughtodotoschool.
Hecouldn’trunquicklyenoughtocatchupwiththecat.
2.Thenwewereoff.
beoff=setoff
Iamofftoday.
Weareofftoday.
3getcloseto
靠近，接近，指動態(tài)變化
becloseto
距......近，指狀態(tài)
Theschoolisclosetothepostoffice
4.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.
1).“A+be+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞原級+as+
B”.
Thistreeisthreetimesastallasthatone.
Hisfatheristwiceasoldashe.
2).“A+be+倍數(shù)+形容詞比較級+than+
B”
TheYangtzeRiverisalmosttwicelongerthanthePearlRiver.
Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanthatintheirs.
3).“A+be+倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size,length,amount)+of+B”
Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.
6.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.
breakout
1)戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)
2)發(fā)生爭吵
3)(火災(zāi))發(fā)生
7.cheerup;cheersb.up
感到高興振奮
8.massesof許多，大量
9.getthehangof熟悉,掌握,理解
10.exhausting(sth);exhausted(sb)
Step4Homework
Collectpassagesaboutgravity.
Prepareforspeaking.

ThethirdperiodLanguageStudy
Step1Revision
Translatethefollowingsentences
1.你遲早會成功的。
You’llsucceedintime.
2.我的車與你的不一樣。
Mycarisdifferentfromyours.
3.站在門旁邊的那個人是誰？
Whoisthepersonstandingbythedoor?
4.他總是第一個來，最后一個離開。
He’salwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.
5.既然你已經(jīng)長大了，你自己決定吧。
Nowthatyouhavegrownupyoucandecideityourself.
Step2
Checktheexercisesinthispart.
Step3Grammar
Whatpartdoestheunderlinedpartserveasineachsentence?
Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.
Youareastudent.
Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.
Smokingisbadforyou.
“Howdoyoudo?”isagreeting.
Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.
Thatweshallbelateiscertain.
Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.
Wecanseefromthesesentencesthatasentenceservesassubject,sowecallitSubjectClause
1.NounClausesastheSubject
Totellwhatitisandtheimportancewithsomeexamples
Whattheteachersaidtodaywasquiteright.
Thattheyarebadlyinneedofhelpisquiteclear.
Whethertheywillsellthehouseisnotyetdecided.
Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.
2it作形式主語
Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.
1)Itis+adj./n.+從句
　Itisapity/shamethat...遺憾的是……
　Itispossiblethat...很可能……
　Itisunlikelythat...不可能……
2)It+不及物動詞+從句
　Itseems/appearsthat...似乎……
　Ithappenedthat...碰巧……
3)It+be+過去分詞+從句
Itissaidthat...據(jù)說……
Itisknowntoallthat...
眾所周知……
Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報道……
Itisbelievedthat...
據(jù)信……;人們相信……
Itissuggestedthat...有人建議……
1.Askthestudentstodosomeexercises
Step4Homework
FinishtheexercisesaboutNounClausesastheSubject

TheFourthperiodListening
Step1Pre-listening
IntroduceIsaacNewtonandAlbertEinstein
Step2Listening
1.Listentothetapeandfilltheform
2.Handoutthelisteningmaterialsandlistentothetapeagain,thenfillthebracketwiththerightanswers.Atlastasksomestudentstoreadthepassage
Step3ListeningonP62
1.Discussthefollowingquestions
1)_.Who’sYangLiwei?
He’sourherowhotraveledintospaceonOctober15,2003.
2).What’sthenameofthespaceship?
ShenzhouV.
3).Doyouknowwhateducationandexperienceyouneedtobecomeanastronaut?
No.
2.Listentothetapeandanswersometrueorfalsequestions
3.Givethestudentslisteningmaterialandaskthemtocompletethepassagewhilelistening
Step4Homework
Afterclass,youshouldlistentothemagainandsumupwhatyouhavelearntfromthem.Forthehomework,thinkaboutonequestion:Whatneedstobeanastronaut?

TheFifthPeriodSpeakingandWriting
Step1Speaking
1.Spacewalkisdifficultanddangerous.Whatshouldanastronauttakewithhim?
Oxygencan,spacesuit,gravityboots,watersystem,specialfood,specialropes.
2.Haveaninterviewwiththefollowingtwoheroes.
1).Howdoyoufeelwhenyouhavejustcomebackfromouterspace?
2)Whatisthemostexcitingexperiencewhenyouareinouterspace?
3)Whataboutthemostterriblething?
4)Whatdifficultieshaveyougonethrough?
3Speakoneortwosentencesforeachequipmentyoushouldtake.
Step2TalkingonPage62
1.Showtheusefulexpressions:
Pleaselookat/listento...
Pleasecheckthat...
Youneed...
Pleasepayattentionto...
Don’tforgetto...
You’dbetter...
Makesureyou...
Watchoutfor...
Youmustn’t...
2.GivetheSampledialogue
Step3Discussion
1.Ifyouaregoingoffonaholiday,whatwillyoutake?
Iwilltakeclothes,shoes,foodandmanyotherthings.
2.Butforspacetravel,youneedspecializedequipment.Whatequipmentshouldyoutake?
Writedownthedangersandthewaytosolvethem.
Step4WritingTask
1.Haveyoueverremembered16thOct,2003?Whathappenedonthatday?
2.Howmanypreparationshavetheymadeforthisspacetravel?
3.Supposeyouarethescientistwhovisitsthemooninthefuture,pleasetellusyourplan.Forexample,youcanthinkaboutthesequestionsandwritedownyourplan.
1).Whatpreparationsshouldyoumake?
2).Whatwillyouseeduringyourspacetravel?
3).Whatwillyoudoonthemoon?
4.showaSamplearticletothestudents
Step4.Homework

Sumupthewholeunit.
Collectthematerialsaboutstars,spacetravelanddifferentideasaboutthebeginningoflife.

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars教案2

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

單元要覽類別課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求掌握的項目話題Scienceofthestars;thedevelopmentoflife;spacetravelandgravity詞匯astronomyn.天文學(xué)existvi.存在;生存systemn.系統(tǒng);體系;制度thusadv.因此;于是religionn.宗教;宗教信仰dioxiden.二氧化物theoryn.學(xué)說;理論biologyn.生物學(xué)atomn.原子biologistn.生物學(xué)家billionpron.（美）十億puzzlen.迷;難題vt.（使）為難globen.球體;地球儀;地球gravityn.萬有引力;重力violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;強暴的floatvt.（使）漂浮n.漂浮物carbonn.碳gentleadj.溫和的;文雅的atmospheren.大氣層;氣氛physicistn.物理學(xué)家unlikeprep.不同;不像climaten.氣候fundamentaladj.基本的;基礎(chǔ)的crashvt.墜落harmfuladj.有害的spaceshipn.宇宙飛船acidn.酸pulln.拖;牽引力chainn.鏈子;連鎖;鎖鏈satelliten.衛(wèi)星;人造衛(wèi)星multiplyvt.增加massn.質(zhì)量;團(tuán);塊;大量oxygenn.氧exhaustvt.用盡;耗盡短語solarsystem太陽系blockout擋住（光線）intime及時;終于cheerup感到高興;感到振奮layeggs下蛋nowthat既然givebirthto產(chǎn)生;分娩breakout突發(fā);爆發(fā)inone’sturn輪到某人;接著watchout密切注視;當(dāng)心;提防carbondioxide二氧化碳prevent...from阻止;制止重要句型1.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.(betodo;what-clauseasthesubject)2.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.(so...that;itis/wasnot+adj.+whether-clause)3.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.(what-clauseasthesubject;that-clauseasthepredicative)4.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.[itis/was(not)+adj.+that]5.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(whether-clauseasthesubject;dependon+whether-clauseastheobject)功能Instructions:Pleasepayattentionto...Pleasecheckthat....Youneed...Don’tforgetto...Makesurethat....Watchoutfor...You’dbetter...Youmust/mustn’t...Pleaselookat...語法NounclausesasthesubjectWhatitwastobecomewasuncertain......itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.教學(xué)重點1.Getstudentstolearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearthandmakingaspacetrip.2.HavestudentslearnsomeusefulnewwordsandexpressionsandletthemlearneffectivewaystorememberEnglishvocabulary.3.Enablestudentstousetheexpressionsofinstructionscorrectlyindailylife.4.Letstudentslearnthenewgrammaritem:nounclausesasthesubject.5.Developstudents’listening,speaking,readingandwritingabilities.教學(xué)難點1.Enablestudentstomastertheuseofnounclausesasthesubject.2.Letstudentslearntowriteashortarticletoshowtheirproblemsandthewaystoovercomethem.3.Developstudents’integrativeskills.課時安排Periodsneeded:7Period1WarmingupandreadingPeriod2Learningaboutlanguage:ImportantlanguagepointsPeriod3Learningaboutlanguage:GrammarPeriod4Usinglanguage:ListeningandspeakingPeriod5Usinglanguage:ExtensivereadingPeriod6Usinglanguage:SpeakingandwritingPeriod7Revision:Summingupandlearningtip

Period1Warmingupandreading

整體設(shè)計教材分析Thisisthefirstteachingperiodofthisunit.Atthebeginningoftheclass,theteachercanleadinthetopicoftheunitbyhavingafreetalkwithstudentsaboutsomefamousscientistsandwhattheyhavediscovered.ThenturntoWarmingUp.Itisintendedtohavestudentsthinkaboutandthendiscussthesetwogroupsofquestions:1.Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.Whatarethey?Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?2.Whatinterestsyouinastronomy?Doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin?Pre-readingistoremindstudentsthattheoriginoflifeontheearthisaquestionthatinterestsastronomersandeachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganontheearth.Theteachershouldaskstudentswhattheyknowabouttheseandthenletthempredictwhatkindofinformationwillbeintroducedinthenextpart!--?xml:namespaceprefix=st1ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"/--Reading.ThereadingpassagetitledHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHprovidesstudentsabriefintroductiononhowtheuniversedevelopedandhowlifebeganontheearth.Itprovidesascientificbackgroundtoanyinvestigationintospaceanditisfactual.Studentsareencouragedtopreviewthetextandfindouttheusefulnewwords,expressionsandstructuresthemselves.Theyshouldtrytoworkoutthemeaningsofthenewwordsthroughthecontext.Thenifnecessary,theycanlookthemupinthedictionaryorturntotheteacherforhelp.Alsoencouragethemtolookatthepicturesandreadthetitletoguesswhatthetextmightbeabout.Thenletthemskimforthegeneralidea,andscanforfurtherunderstanding.Inordernottoletthemfeelmuchdifficult,theteachershoulddealwithanylanguageproblemswhiletheyarereading.Afterreading,studentsarerequiredtodothefiveexercisesintheComprehendingtoseehowmuchtheyhaveunderstoodthereadingpassage.Theteachercanfirstletthemworkinpairsoringroupstofindtheanswerscooperatively,andthenchecktheiranswerswiththewholeclass.Toconsolidatethecontentsofthereadingpassage,studentsshouldberequiredtoretellthepassage.Inordertoarousethestudents’interest,theteachercanholdacompetition.教學(xué)重點1.Letstudentsreadthepassageandlearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.2.Getstudentstolearndifferentreadingskills,especiallythereadingabilityofunderstandingimpliedmeaningoftheauthor.教學(xué)難點1.Enablestudentstounderstandthepassageandknowaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.2.Letstudentslearnhowtousedifferentreadingskillsfordifferentreadingpurposes.三維目標(biāo)知識目標(biāo)1.Getstudentstolearntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispart:astronomy,system,religion,theory,atom,billion,globe,violent,carbon,atmosphere,unlike,fundamental,harmful,acid,chain,multiply,oxygen,exist,thus,dioxide,puzzle,solarsystem,intime,layeggs,givebirthto,inone’sturn,carbondioxide,prevent...from2.Letstudentslearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.能力目標(biāo)1.Developstudents’readingabilityandletthemlearndifferentreadingskills.2.Enablestudentstoknowaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.情感目標(biāo)1.Trainstudents’interestinscienceandstimulatetheirloveforastronomy.2.Developstudents’senseofcooperativelearning.

教學(xué)過程設(shè)計方案（一）→Step1PresentationHaveafreetalkwithstudents.1.Letstudentsbrainstormthefollowingquestions:Whoareourancestors?Doyouknowwhatitwaslikebeforelifeappearedontheearth?Doyouknowhowlifebeganontheearth?Doyouwanttogetmoreinformation?2.Tellstudents:Todaywewilllearnsomethingabouthowlifebeganontheearth.TurntoPage25.Let’scometoWarmingUpfirst.→Step2WarmingupLetstudentsthinkaboutthefollowingquestionsandthendiscussthemwiththeirpartners.1.Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.Whatarethey?Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?!--?xml:namespaceprefix=vns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"/--VenusEarthMarsMercuryJupiterNeptuneSaturn2.Whatinterestsyouinastronomy?Doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin?→Step3Pre-reading1.Getstudentstodiscussthequestionswiththeirpartners.1)Theoriginoflifeonearthisaquestionthatinterestsastronomers.Whatdoyouknowaboutit?2)Eachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganonearth.Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?2.Letthemtelltheirstories.Encouragethemtotelldifferentstories.Iftheydon’tknowany,tellthemsome,forexample,Panguseparatedtheskyfromtheearth,Panguturnedintoamyriadofthings,Nuwamademen,andsoon.3.Askthemtoreadthetitleandlookatthepictures.Predictwhatthereadingwillbeabout.→Step4Reading1.FastreadingGetstudentstoreadthepassagequicklyandthenwritedownthemainideaforeachparagraphandthewholepassageinthefollowingchart.HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHParagraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4Paragraph5ThepassageLetstudentslookthroughthechartandthenreadthetextsilently.Threeminuteslater,checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.2.IntensivereadingAllowstudentstoreadthepassagecarefullythistimetogettheimportantdetails,andthenfinishthefollowing:1)Puttheorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatimeline.(1)Insectsandamphibiansappeared.(2)Dinosaursappeared.(3)Theearthbecameasolidball.(4)Smallplantsgrowonthewater.(5)Reptilesappeared.(6)Plantsbegintogrowondryland.(7)Theearthwasacloudofdust.(8)Waterappearedontheearth.(9)Shellfishandotherfishappeared.(10)Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”.(11)Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared.(12)Mammalsappeared.2)Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionaccordingtothetext.(1)Whatisimportantforthebeginningoflife?A.Thewaterontheearth.B.Theearth’satmosphere.C.Theformofforests.D.Dissolvingharmfulgases.(2)Whichofthefollowingappearedontheearthfirst?A.Insects.B.Reptiles.C.Amphibians.D.Shellfishandfish.(3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.WaterstillexistsonMars.B.Theearth’satmosphereismadeupofoxygenandnitrogen.C.Theearthhaddissolvedtheharmfulatmosphereintotheoceansandseas.D.Plantsprovideoxygentotheearth.(4)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theappearanceanddevelopmentoflifeontheearth.B.Thebirthoftheearth.C.Whydinosaursdiedout.D.Thefactthathumanbeingscausedglobalwarming.Suggestedanswers:(1)A(2)D(3)D(4)A3.ReadinganddiscussionReadthetextathirdtimeandthenworkinpairstodiscussthefollowingquestions.1)Whywastheearthdifferentfromtheotherplanets?2)Whydidtheplantsgrowbeforetheanimalscame?3)Whyisitwrongtoshowfilmswithdinosaursandpeopletogether?4)Thereusedtobenineplanetsinthesolarsystem.Recentlyscientistshavedecidedthatoneofthemcannolongerbeconsideredaplanet.Doyouknowthenameofthatplanet?Doyouknowwhytheyremovedit?5)Whatproblemiscausedbyhumanbeings?(Letstudentshaveenoughtimetoreadthepassagecarefullyanddiscussthequestionswiththeirpartners.Encouragethemtoexpresstheirownideas.)4.ExplanationHelpstudentsanalyzesomedifficult,longandcomplexsentencesandguessthemeaningofsomenewwords.Encouragethemtotrytodealwiththelanguagepointsinthecontext.Discussthefollowingimportantsentencesandphrasesinthepassage.1)Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.2)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.3)Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.4)Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.Suggestedexplanations:1)Whatleadsanounclauseasthesubjectandwhenleadsanattributiveclause.2)Here“whethertheshapewouldlastornot”isanounclauseasthesubject.3)Here“whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere”isanon-restrictiveattributiveclause.intime:1)soonerorlater;eventually2)intime(forsth./todosth.):notlateIwillseehimintime.Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.4)Inthissentence,therearetwoclausesledbywhether.Thefirstoneisanounclauseasthesubjectandthesecondastheobject.tocome:servesasattributiveSheisthelastpersontodosuchathing.dependon:somethingmightonlyhappenorbetrueifthecircumstancesarerightforitOursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.5.ReadingaloudandunderliningAskstudentstoreadthepassagealoudtothetapeandletthempayattentiontothepronunciationofeachnewwordandthepauseswithineachsentence.Tellthemtopickoutalltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsfromthepassagewhilereadingandcopythemtothenotebooksafterclassashomework.Collocations:ontheearth,accordingto,acloudofdust,so...that,whether...ornot,intime,watervapor,cooldown,onone’ssurface,allow...todo...,achainreaction,millionsof,onthesurfaceof,beableto,aswellas,bydoing....,layeggs,bedifferentfrom,givebirthto,spreadallovertheearth,inone’sturn,prevent...from,asaresultof,too...to...,dependon→Step5DiscussionAfterreadingthepassage,letstudentsdiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Whydoyouthinkthathumansarethecleverestanimalsontheearth?2.Doyoubelievethatthereislifeonotherplanets?Whyorwhynot?3.Doyouthinkitispossiblethatonedaypeoplewillmovetheirhousestootherplanets?→Step6ConsolidationAskstudentstoretellthepassagewiththehelpofthefollowing.acloudofdust→asolidball→presenceofwater→smallplantsgrowonthewater→shellfishandotherfishappear→plantsbegintogrowondryland→insectsandamphibiansappear→retilesappear→dinosaursappear→mammalsappear→Step7Homework1.Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.2.Readthereadingpassageagainandtrytotalkabouthowlifebeganontheearthinyourownwords.設(shè)計方案（二）→Step1LeadinginthetopicShowstudentsapictureaboutsolarsystem.Letthemmatchthenameswiththeplanets.→Step2WarmingupEachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouttheoriginoflifeontheearth.Letstudentstelldifferentstoriesthattheyknow.→Step3Predictingbylookinganddiscussing1.Lookatthepicturesandtitleofthereadingpassageanddiscussinpairswhatthepassagemightbeabout.2.Twoorthreestudentswillgivetheiropinions.3.Letthemreadthepassagequicklytoseeiftheyareright.→Step4Reading1.Givestudents3minutes,andaskthemtoskimthepassagetogetthegeneralideaforeachparagraphandthepassage.2.Givestudents5minutestoreadthepassagecarefully,andthenanswerthefollowingquestions.1)Whatwasthereontheearthbeforelifebegan?2)Whydoscientiststhinktherehasneverbeenlifeonthemoon?3)Whydidanimalsfirstappearinthesea?4)Whydogreenplantshelplifetodevelop?5)Whyweremammalsdifferentfromotheranimals?3.Givestudents4minutestoreadthepassageathirdtime.Encouragethemtotrytodealwiththelanguagepointsinthecontext.Givethemsomeexplanationsifnecessary.4.ListeningandreadingaloudLetstudentslistentothetape.Remindthemtopayattentiontothepronunciationofeachnewwordandthepauseswithineachsentence.Thenaskthemtoreadthetextaloudtothetape.→Step5ExtensionLetstudentsthinkaboutanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Doyoubelievethatthereislifeonotherplanets?Whyorwhynot?2.Doyouthinkitispossiblethatonedaypeoplewillmovetheirhousestootherplanets?→Step6Closingdown1.Havestudentsgetpreparedin3minutesorsoandthenaskthemtoretellhowlifebeganontheearth.2.Askasmanystudentsaspossibletohaveatryinfrontoftheclass.→Step8Homework1.Gooverthetextandtrytolearnalltheusefulwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.2.FinishtheexercisesinComprehendingonPage27.

板書設(shè)計

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

Warmingupandreading

活動與探究Supposeyouareanexpertwhostudiesastronomy.YouareinvitedtogiveaspeechtotheschoolstudentsaboutthedevelopmentoflifeonEarthDay(April22).ReadthepassageHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHagainandgotothelibraryorsurftheInternettofindmoreinformationandbereadytopresentyourspeechtotheclass.Youmaybeginlikethis:Goodmorning/afternoon.Iamgreatlyhonoredtobeheretogiveyouaspeechaboutthedevelopmentoflife....

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
單元要點預(yù)覽（旨在讓同學(xué)整體了解本單元要點）
詞匯
部分詞語
辨析1.loudly/loud/aloud2.unlike/dislike3.remain/leave
4.climate/weather5.nowthat/since/because/as
詞形
變化1.violentadj.強暴的，猛烈的violencen.暴力，強暴；猛烈violentlyadv.強暴地；猛烈地
2.fundamentaladj.基本(礎(chǔ))的n.[pl.]基本原則(法則)fundamentallyadv.基本地；根本地fundamentn.基礎(chǔ)；根本
3.developmentn.生長，發(fā)
展；新情況developvt.發(fā)展；產(chǎn)生
vi.生長；發(fā)展developedadj.發(fā)達(dá)的developingadj.發(fā)展的
4.layvt.放下；擺設(shè)；產(chǎn)(蛋)lay---laid---laid---layinglievi.躺，平放；位于
lie---lay---lain---lyinglien.vi.謊話；說謊
lie---lied---lied---lying
5.preventvt.預(yù)防，防止preventionn.預(yù)防；阻止；妨礙preventableadj.可防止的，可預(yù)防的
6.gentleadj.和藹的；輕柔的gentlyadv.溫和地；靜靜地
7.physicsn.物理，物理學(xué)physicistn.物理學(xué)家physicaladj.身體的；物理(學(xué))的；物質(zhì)的
重點
單詞1.systemn.[c]系統(tǒng)；體系；制度；方法
2.layvt.(laid,laid,laying)把……放下；擺設(shè)；鋪(地毯)；產(chǎn)(蛋)
3.harmfuladj.有害的；傷害的
4.existvi.存在；生存
5.puzzlev.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思n.謎；難題
6.pullv.拉，拖，拔；移動n.拉，拖；拉(引)力
7.cheervt.vi.(使)高興、振奮；(對)歡呼
重點
詞組1.tobeginwith以……開始；由……作為開頭；首先
2.intime及時；最終；遲早
3.inone’sturn輪到某人；接著
4.prevent...from使……不做事；阻止……做某事
5.blockout擋?。ü饩€）
6.beoff=setoff出發(fā)；動身；不用上班/學(xué)/開張
7.breakout(災(zāi)難、戰(zhàn)爭等)突發(fā)；爆發(fā)
8.watchout密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防
重點句子1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.
2.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.
3.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.
重點語法賓語從句和表語從句（見語法部分）
語言要點（模塊）
Ⅰ.詞語辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1.loudly/loud/aloud

loudlyadv響亮地，高聲地
loudadj/adv與sing,speak,talk連用
aloudadv相對默讀而言；出聲
根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。
1).Willyoupleasespeak______?
2).ItisgoodforyoutoreadEnglish______everymorning.
3).Thebombexploded______.
4).Ishervoice______enough?
5).Actionspeaks______thanwords(事實勝于雄辯).
Keys:1).louder2).aloud3).loudly4).loud5).louder
2.unlike/dislike

unlikeprep.不像，和……不同adj.[作表語]不相似；不同
dislikevt./n.不喜愛，厭惡
根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。
1).Agoodhotelmanagershouldknowhisregularguests’likesand______.
2).Herlatestnovelisquite______herearlierwork.
3).Ifyougoonlikethatyou’llgetyourself_______(like).
4).Iwasveryinterestedinthelecture,______manyofthestudents.
Keys:1).dislikes2).unlike3).disliked4).unlike
3.remain/leave

remainvi.仍然是；留下；剩下
常用句型：remain+n.仍然是remain+adj./adv./prep.仍然是
remain+v-ed/v-ing仍然是remaintobedone有待去做，依然要做
leavevt.剩下，忽略或未拿或未帶（某物），使或讓（某人、事物）處某狀態(tài)﹑某地等
常用句型：leavesb.sth./leavesth.tosb.給某人留下某物
leavesth(forsb)留下，交待下(某物)leavesthtosb將某物遺贈給某人
remaining/left兩者都可以作形容詞，表示“剩下的”，前者用于被修飾的名詞之前，后者用于被修飾的名詞之后。
根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。
1).Someone______youthisnotewhileyouwereout.
2).Aftertheearthquake,little______ofthevillage.
3).Heusedthe______moneytobuyadictionary.
4).Afterbuyingthedictionary,hehadnotmuchmoney______.
5).Arrivinghome,IfoundthatI’d______mykeyintheoffice.
6).Don’tleaveher______(wait)outsideintherain.
7).Sheremained_______(change)afteralltheseyears.
8).Agreatmanythingsremain_______(do).
Keys:1).left2).remained3).remaining4).left
5).left6).waiting7).unchanged8).tobedone
4.climate/weather

climate指從長時間的范圍來看某地的平均氣候或經(jīng)常性的氣候；
weather指某地一時的天氣，如寒暖、晴雨和干濕的變化情況。
根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。
1).Weshallgooutforapicnictomorrowifthe_______isfine.
2).Adrier_______wouldbegoodforyourhealth.
3).Icouldn’timaginewhatitwouldbeliketoliveinahot________.
4).The_______ofourcountryismild,butindividualplacesexperiencebad________.
Keys:1).weather2).climate3).climate4).climate;weather
5.nowthat/since/because/as

都可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，語氣最強的是because，引導(dǎo)直接而明確的原因，也用來回答why的問句或用于強調(diào)句型；其次是since/nowthat，表示已知或明顯的原因，再次是as，引導(dǎo)的原因是不言而喻、顯而易見的；for引導(dǎo)的是并列分句，表推測或判斷的原因，前面有逗號隔開。
根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。
1)._______everybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.
2)Itwas_______hewasillthathedidn’tgotoschool.
3).Itmusthaverainedlastnight,_______thegroundisallwet.
4)._______wearealone,wecanspeakfreely.
Keys:1).since/nowthat2).because3).for4).Now(that)

Ⅱ.詞性變化（旨在提供語法填空所需材料）
1.violentadj.強暴的，猛烈的violencen.暴力，強暴；猛烈violentlyadv.強暴地；猛烈地
2.fundamentaladj.基本(礎(chǔ))的n.[pl.]基本原則(法則)fundamentallyadv.基本地；根本地fundamentn.基礎(chǔ)；根本
3.developmentn.生長，發(fā)
展；新情況developvt.發(fā)展；產(chǎn)生
vi.生長；發(fā)展developedadj.發(fā)達(dá)的developingadj.發(fā)展的
4.layvt.放下；擺設(shè)；產(chǎn)(蛋)lay---laid---laid---layinglievi.躺，平放；位于
lie---lay---lain---lyinglien.vi.謊話；說謊
lie---lied---lied---lying
5.preventvt.預(yù)防，防止preventionn.預(yù)防；阻止；妨礙preventableadj.可防止的，可預(yù)防的
6.gentleadj.和藹的；輕柔的gentlyadv.溫和地；靜靜地
7.physicsn.物理，物理學(xué)physicistn.物理學(xué)家physicaladj.身體的；物理(學(xué))的；物質(zhì)的
用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1).Thenaughtyboy_______(lie)tomethatthehenthat_______(lie)therejustnowhad______(lay)twoeggsthedaybefore.
2).Inmyopinion,________(prevent)ismoreimportantthantreatment.
3).SomeprogramsontheInternetarefullof________(violent)andsex.
4).Withthe________(develop)ofmodernindustry,moreandmorepollutioniscaused.
5).Chinaisa________(develop)countrybelongtothethirdworld.
6).Thereare________(fundament)differencesbetweenyourreligiousbeliefsandmine.
7).Hisambitionistobecomeagreat________(physics).
Keys:1).lied;lay;laid2).prevention3).violence4).development
5).developing6).fundamental7).physicist

Ⅲ.重點詞匯（旨在提供詞匯綜合運用材料）
1.systemn.[c]系統(tǒng)；體系；制度；方法systematicadj有系統(tǒng)的;有條理的
[典例]
1).Thesolarsystemincludesthesunanditseightplanets.太陽系包括太陽和它的八顆行星。
2).Alcoholisbadforyoursystem.喝酒對身體有害。
[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的意思完成句子。
1).The____________(教育系統(tǒng))operatesverydifferentlyintheUSandChina.
2).Heintroducedusawell-designed____________(鐵路系統(tǒng)).
Keys:1).educationalsystem2).railwaysystem

2.layvt.(laid,laid,laying)把放下；擺設(shè)；鋪(地毯)；產(chǎn)(蛋)
[典例]
1).Helaidhishandonmyshoulder.他把手放在我的肩上。
2).Whoshouldwelaytheblameon?我們該責(zé)備誰?
[重點用法]lay短語：
layeggs下蛋l(fā)aysth.aside把某物放在一邊；積蓄（錢）
laysth.down把某物放下laytheblameonsb.責(zé)備某人
laythetable擺桌子layemphasis/stressonsth.把重點放在某事上
[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或翻譯。
1).Thebird______itseggsinotherbirds’nests.
2).Heisapoliticalleaderthat____________________(非常強調(diào))individualresponsibility.
3).He______somemoney______forrainydays.
Keys:1).lays2).laysgreatstresson3).lays/puts;aside

3.harmfuladj.有害的；傷害的harmn.vt.傷害（某人）
[典例]
Manypeopleareawareoftheharmfuleffectsofsmoking.很多人都意識到吸煙的危害。
[重點用法]
beharmfultosb./sth.對……有害doharmtosb.=dosb.harm=harmsb.對……有害；傷害……
[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或翻譯。
1).Everyoneknowsthatsmokingis______toyourhealth.
2).Inmanycases,toomuchcareforchildrenfromparentsmightevendo______totheirgrowth.
3).在陽光下看書對你的眼睛傷害很大。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1).harmful2).harm3).Readinginthesundoesalotofharmtoyoureyes.=Readinginthesundoesyoureyesalotofharm.=Readinginthesunisveryharmfultoyoureyes.

4.existvi.存在；生存existencen.存在
[典例]
1).DoeslifeexistonMars?火星上有生命嗎?
2).IcanhardlyexistonthewageI’mgetting.我靠我掙的工資簡直難以餬口。
[重點用法]
exist+prep.存在于地方existonsth.靠某物生存
[練習(xí)]用exist的短語或其適當(dāng)形式填空。
1).Thisplant______only______Australia.
2).Canyou____________suchalowsalary?
3).Idoubtthe______(exist)ofalien.
Keys:1).exists;in2).existonto3).existence

5.puzzlevt.vi.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思n.謎；難題puzzledadj.無法了解的；困惑的puzzlingadj.令人費解的
[典例]
1).Herreplypuzzledme.她的回答把我弄糊涂了。
2).Theirreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzletome.他們?yōu)槭颤N要做此事我仍莫名其妙。
[重點用法]
sth.puzzlessb.某事使某人迷惑/為難sb.bepuzzledbysth.某人對……感到迷惑
puzzleabout/oversth.對某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解）puzzleone’sbrain苦思苦想；絞盡腦汁
solveapuzzle解決一個難題
[練習(xí)]用puzzle的適當(dāng)形式填空或翻譯。
1).Toexplainthe________(puzzle)findings,heofferstwotheories.
2).I_______(puzzle)thatIhaven’theardfromLizforsolong.
3).Shelistenedwitha_______(puzzle)expressiononherface.
4).Noonehasyetsucceededinexplainingthe_______(puzzle)ofhowlifebegan.
5).He_______(puzzle)whattodonext.
6)._____________________(使我困惑的事情)iswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.
Keys:1).puzzling2).ampuzzled3).puzzled4).puzzle5)waspuzzled6).Whatpuzzlesme

6.pullv.拉，拖，拔；移動n.拉，拖；拉(引)力
[典例]
1).YoupushandI’llpull.你來推，我來拉。
2).Ifeltapullatmysleeveandturnedround.我覺得有人扯我的袖子，便轉(zhuǎn)過身來。
[重點用法]
pullahead(ofsb/sth)領(lǐng)先（於某人/物）pull(sb)back（使某人）退卻；撤回（某人）
pulloff(sth)（指機動車輛）駛離（道路）（至路側(cè)停車處停下）pullout(sth.)拉掉；使分離；掏出；駛離（車站）
pullon穿，戴上（襪子、手套等）pulltogether同心協(xié)力；通力合作
[練習(xí)]用pull短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1).Iarrivedasthelasttrainwas____________.
2).He____________agunandaimedatthecriminal.
3).Solongaswe____________,there’snomountaintopwecan’tconquer.
Keys:1).pullingout2).pulledout3).pulltogether

7.cheervt.vi.(使)高興、振奮；(對)歡呼cheerfuladj.高興的cheerlessadj.不高興的
[典例]
1).ThecrowdcheeredloudlyastheQueenappeared.女王出現(xiàn)時群眾高聲歡呼。
2).Hewasgreatlycheeredbythenews.他聽到這個消息非常高興。
[重點用法]
cheersb.on為某人加油cheer(sb)up（使某人）更高興或更快活
[練習(xí)]用cheer的短語或其適當(dāng)形式填空。
1).Yourvisithasgreatly______himup.
2).Thecrowd______therunners______astheystartedthelastlap.
3).Youlookasthoughyouneed______up.
Keys:1).cheered2).cheered;on3).cheering

Ⅳ.重點詞組（旨在提供詞匯綜合運用材料）
1.tobeginwith=tostartwith以……開始；由……作為開頭；首先
[典例]
Tobegin/startwith,Icouldn’tunderstandasingleword.起初，我一句也沒弄明白。
[重點用法]
begin/startwith從……開始begin/startsthwith從……開始……
[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的意思完成句子。
1).He______hisspeech______apoem.
2).Hisspeech____________apoem.
3).__________________,petsaregoodfriendsofmanylonelypeople,especiallytheold.
Keys:1).began/started;with2).began/startedwith3).Tostart/beginwith
2.intime及時；最終；遲早
[典例]
1).Theycaughtthebusintime.他們及時趕上了汽車。
2).Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.如果堅持下去，你們總有一天會成功的。
[短語歸納]time短語：
intimeforsth./todosth.及時；不遲innotime立刻；馬上atnotime永不……
atonetime有個時期；曾經(jīng)；一度atatime一次；每次attimes=sometimes有時
allthetime一直；始終；老是ontime按時；準(zhǔn)時bythetime到……的時候為止
forthetimebeing暫時；暫且takeone’stime不著急；慢慢來killtime消磨時間
fromtimetotime不時地，間或manyatime常常；多次onceuponatime從前
atthesametime同時；盡管如此aheadoftime提前，提早raceagainsttime爭分奪秒
timeandagain一次又一次；重復(fù)地keeptime(鐘表)走得準(zhǔn)keepbadtime（鐘、表）走得不準(zhǔn)
takeone’stime慢慢來，別急haveagood/nice/hardtime(in)doingsth做某事很……
It’s(high/about)timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.是做某事的時候了
[練習(xí)]用time短語填空。
1).Theysentthemailtomejust______________,beforeI1eft.
2).Williamarrivedatthetheatrejust______________fortheplaywastobeon.
3).Hurryup!Theconcertwillbegin_____________________.
4)._____________________willIgiveup.
5).Theboylaughedandcried__________________________.
6)._____________________hewasaddictedtoplayingwebgames,butnowhedevoteshimselftowriting,whichdelightshisparents.
7).Don’ttrytodoeverythingatonce;takeitabit_____________________.
8).You’llhaveyourownofficesoon,but____________________________you’llhavetoshareonewithme.
Keys:1).intime2).intime3).innotime4).Atnotime
5).atthesametime6).Atonetime7).atatime8).forthetimebeing

3.inone’sturn輪到某人；接著
[典例]
Iwillseeyou,eachinyourturn.我將要一個接著一個地看你。
[短語歸納]turn短語：
inturn輪流；一個接著一個byturns輪流；一陣……一陣……
taketurns(todosth.)輪流（做某物）It’sone’sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事了
[練習(xí)]用turn短語填空或翻譯句子。
1).Shewenthotandcold______________.
2).我們輪流著開車。
____________________________________________________________________________________
3).今天輪到誰發(fā)言了？
____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1).byturns2).Wedrovethecarbyturns/inturn.=Wetookturnstodrivethecar.
3).Whoseturnisittogiveaspeechtoday?

4.prevent...from=stop...from=keep....from使……不做事；阻止……做某事
[典例]
Hisbackinjurymaypreventhimfromplayingintomorrow’sgame.他背部的傷可能使他參加
不了明天的比賽。
注意:prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可省,keepsb.fromdoingsth.中
from不可省略，因為keepsb.doingsth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被動語態(tài)中，
三者的from都不可?。划?dāng)后接sb’sdoingsth.作賓語時，只能用prevent或stop，不能用keep，
因為沒有keepsb’sdoingsth.的句型。
[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的意思完成句子或翻譯。
1).Doctorstookactionto___________________________________(防止這種疾病的蔓延).
2).OfcourseIcan’t_______yourgoingabroad.
3).警察阻止他們攜帶武器。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1).prevent/stop/keepthediseasefromspreading2).prevent/stop
3).Thepoliceprevented/stopped/keptthemfromcarryingweapons.
=Theywereprevented/stopped/keptfromcarryingweapons.

5.blockout擋?。ü饩€）
[典例]
Thatwallblocksoutallthelight.那堵墻把光線都遮住了。
[短語歸納]out短語：
breakout爆發(fā)，發(fā)生burstout大聲喊叫，突然…起來goout外出；過時；(燈)熄
putout關(guān)(燈)；撲滅；生產(chǎn)comeout出現(xiàn)，顯露；出版，結(jié)果是helpout幫助解決難題(或擺脫困境)
lookout留神；注意watchout注意；提防findout找出，查明，發(fā)現(xiàn)
pickout挑出，辨認(rèn)出，分辨出speakout大聲地說，大膽地說thinkout仔細(xì)思考某事；想出（主意等）
hangout掛出，閑逛knockedout(拳擊中)擊倒，打昏sellout售完(某種貨物)，脫銷
turnout結(jié)果證明是runout(of)用完，耗盡checkout結(jié)帳離去，辦妥手續(xù)離去
handout分發(fā)，散發(fā)giveout分發(fā)；用完，消耗盡；發(fā)出(光、聲音等)
[練習(xí)]用out短語填空。
1).Attheendoftheracehislegs______________andhecollapsedontheground.
2).It’seasyto_______him_______inacrowdbecauseheisverytall.
3).Hisnwebookwill______________nextmonth.
4).Wethoughtitwasgoingtorain;it______________tobeafindday.
5).We______________of/fromourhotelat5a.m.tocatcha7a.m.flight.
Keys:1).gaveout2).pick;out3).comeout4).turnedout5).checkedout

6.beoff=setoff出發(fā)；動身；不用上班/學(xué)/開張
[典例]
Thenwewereoff.隨后我們就啟程了。
[短語歸納]off短語：
getoff下車falloff從……摔下來takeoff脫下；起飛keepoff遠(yuǎn)離
turnoff關(guān)閉payoff付清，還清set...off給……送行kickoff踢球
jumpoff跳下giveoff散發(fā)showoff炫耀shutoff關(guān)閉
[練習(xí)]用turn短語填空或翻譯。
1).ItisaSundayandwe______________(不用上班)today.
2).Herhusband______________onabusinesstripsomewhere.
3).Therewesawasignreading,“______________thegrass”.
4).Aftertenyearsofhardwork,shefinally______________allherdebts.
Keys:1).areoff2).wasoff3).Keepoff4).paidoff
7.breakout(災(zāi)難、戰(zhàn)爭等)突發(fā)；爆發(fā)
[典例]
Firebrokeoutduringthenight.夜間突然發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。
[短語歸納]break短語：
breakawayfrom脫離（黨派）；擺脫（控制）breakdown毀掉；壞掉；(計劃/談判)失敗
breakup打碎；拆散；(會議)結(jié)束；分裂(解體)breakoff(使)停止；中斷；折斷
breakintosth.強行進(jìn)入某處breakone’sword/promise食言；說話不算數(shù)
[練習(xí)]用break短語填空。
1).Aterribletsunami______________inthesoutheasterncountriesofAsiaatChristmas,2004.
2).Whendoyou______________forChristmas?
3).Negotiationsbetweenthetwosideshave______________.
4).Hishousewas______________lastweek.
Keys:1).brokeout2).breakup3).brokendown4).brokeninto

8.watchout密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防
[典例]
Watchout!There’sacarcoming.小心!汽車來了。
[重點用法]
watchoutforsb/sth警惕或注意某人/事物watchover保護(hù)；照看
[練習(xí)]用watch短語填空。
1).Theremusthavebeenanangel______________methatday.
2).WhatproblemsshouldI_____________________whenbuyinganoldhouse?
3).You’llbecomeanalcoholicifyoudon’t______________.
Keys:1).watchingover2).watchoutfor3).watchout

Ⅴ.重點句子（旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料）
1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.它(地球)巨大的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石。最終產(chǎn)生了水蒸氣、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。
[解釋]“be+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)通常用來表示“按計劃或安排將要做的事情”，或表示上級對下級、父母對子女下命令，“應(yīng)該做某事”或表示某事“將必然發(fā)生”。例如：
1).Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:youaretogotoherofficeafterclass.你的班主任給你一個口信，要你下課后到她的辦公室去。
2).Theworstisstilltocome.更糟糕的事情還會發(fā)生。
3).We’llholdameetingtomorrow.=Wearetoholdameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingistobeheldtomorrow.我們明天將開會。
4).ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.這趟火車將于上午10:25到達(dá)北京。
[練習(xí)]完成句子或翻譯。
1).Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:you__________________toherofficeafterclass.(你的班主任給你一個口信，要你下課后到她的辦公室去。)
2).Theworstisstill____________(come).
3).We’llholdameetingtomorrow.
=We__________________ameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingis__________________tomorrow.
4).這趟火車將于上午10：25到達(dá)北京。
________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1).aretogo2).tocome3).aretohold;tobeheld
4).ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.

2.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.那使生命的生長發(fā)育成為一種可能。
[解釋]此句中的made后跟帶形式賓語it的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中it是形式賓語，真正賓語是不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，“forlivetobegintodevelop”，賓語補足語是possible。再如：Shemadeitherbusinesstofindoutwhowasresponsible.她非要弄清楚是誰的責(zé)任不可。
提示：常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞還有think，feel，find，consider等。例如：
1).Wemakeitaruletogetupat6o’clockeverymorning.
2).Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.
3).HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.他發(fā)現(xiàn)不可能離開德國去美國了。
4).Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.我覺得我有責(zé)任幫助你。
[練習(xí)]完成句子或翻譯。
1).We________________________(規(guī)定)togetupat6o’clockeverymorning.
2).I__________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)很難)togetalongwithhim．
3).他發(fā)現(xiàn)不可能離開德國去美國了。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4).我覺得我有責(zé)任幫助你。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1).makeitarule2).findithard3).HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.4).Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.

3.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。
[解釋]twiceas...as...“是……的兩倍”，英語常見倍數(shù)的表示句型：
1).倍數(shù)+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的幾倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis.
2).倍數(shù)+adj./adv.比較級+than“比……(多/大)幾倍”Myroomistwicelargerthanhis.
3).倍數(shù)+the+表示長度/高度/寬度等的名詞+of“是……的長度/高度/寬度幾倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.
注意：此結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的名詞有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。例如：
1).Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.
=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.這把尺子是那把的三倍那么長。
2).Therearefourtimesasmanystudentsasweexpected.到的學(xué)生是我們預(yù)計的五倍。
[解釋]twiceas...as...是的兩倍，英語常見倍數(shù)的表示句型：
1).倍數(shù)+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的幾倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis.
2).倍數(shù)+adj./adv.比較級+than“比……(多/大)幾倍”Myroomistwicelargerthanhis.
3).倍數(shù)+the+表示長度/高度/寬度等的名詞+of“是……的長度/高度/寬度幾倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.
注意：此結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的名詞有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。
[練習(xí)]完成句子或翻譯。
1).這把尺子是那把的三倍那么長。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2).到的學(xué)生是我們預(yù)計的五倍。Thereare____________________________________weexpected.
Keys:1).Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.
=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.2).fourtimesasmanystudentsas
課文要點（模塊）
Ⅰ.課文詞匯填空（旨在復(fù)習(xí)本課文中的單詞拼寫和主要詞語等）
根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容完成下面語法填空，注意單詞拼寫和詞語用法：
Astheresultof"BigBang",theviolentearthslowlysettledintoaglobe1(move)aroundthesun.Thegasseswhichweretomaketheearths2（大氣層）cameintobeingfromtheexplosionofthedustball,withwater3(follow)themwhiletheearthcooleddown.Itallowedthebeginningforlife.Manymillionsofyears4,thefirst5(極度的)smallplantsbegantoappear6thesurfaceofthewater,7(繁殖)andfillingtheseaandoceans,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Astimepassed,greenplantstakingcarbondioxideandproducing8（氧氣）cametolandandgrewintoforest.Laterthechainsoflivescontinued,suchasinsects,amphibians,reptiles,dinosaursandmammals,thetypicalof9ishumanbeing.Theydontonlydo10totheearthbutcausedamagetoit.
答案：1.moving2.atmosphere3.following4.later5.extremely6.on7.multiplying8.oxygen9.which10.good
Ⅱ.課文大意概括（旨在訓(xùn)練用30個單詞概括大意的能力）
閱讀課文，試著用30來個單詞概括課文大意或?qū)⑾旅娴亩涛淖g成英語，
短文解釋了生命如何在地球上開始的。首先，地球爆炸和產(chǎn)生水。因為水的存在，然后植物和動物，包括人類逐漸在地球上出現(xiàn)。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Thepassageexplainshowlifebeganontheearth.Atfirst,theearthexplodedandproducedwater.Andthenplantsandanimalsincludinghumanbeingsappearedontheearthgraduallybecausewaterexistsontheearth.
Ⅲ.課文佳句背誦與仿寫（旨在培養(yǎng)對難句的理解和寫作能力）
1Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.
[模仿要點]句子結(jié)構(gòu)：what＋主語從句＋is…till+時間名詞＋定語從句
他要給我什么禮物一直不知，直到昨天下文他來看我是我才知道。
__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whatgifthewouldgivemewasuncertainuntilyesterdayafternoonwhenhecametoseeus.
沒人知道我們將要得到什么樣的工作，直到3年后我們從大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后才知道。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Whatjobswewillgetisunknownuntil3yearslaterwhenwewillgraduatefromuniversity.
2Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.
[模仿要點]句子結(jié)構(gòu):主語從句＋is＋that表語從句
他想告訴我們的是一天下文當(dāng)他在回家的路上看見一只小鳥受傷了。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Whathewantedtotellusisthatoneafternoonwhenhewasonhiswayhomehesawabirdwhichwasdying.
他缺席的原因是他在上學(xué)時被一輛小車撞傷了。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Whyhewasabsentisthathewasbadlyhurtbyacarwhenhewenttoschool.

3Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.
[模仿要點]句子結(jié)構(gòu)：which引導(dǎo)一個定語從句對上句情況的進(jìn)一步說明。
我們常?？吹接腥藖y丟亂吐，這弄得我們的環(huán)境很臟
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Weoftenseesomepeoplethrowrubbishandspiteverywhere，whichmakesourenvironmentdirty.
她的父母非常感激我們，醫(yī)生也高度評價了我們的急救，這使得我們意識到學(xué)習(xí)急救的必要性。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Herparentswereverythankfultousandthedoctorsthoughthighlyofourfirstaid,whichmadeusrealizethenecessityoflearningfirstaid.
單元自測（模塊）
1完形填空
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1—10各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
字?jǐn)?shù)：196完成時間：14分鐘難度：***
Whosaid:"IfIdidnthavebadluck,Iwouldnthaveanyluckatall！"However，notall"badluck"shouldbeconsideredasa(n)1thing.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyou2!Inthe1920s,ErnestHemingway3somethingabout"badluck"andgotjustsuchakick.Hewas4tosucceedasawriterwhen5struck.Helostasuitcasecontainingallthemanuscripts(手稿)thathehadbeenplanningtopublish.
Hemingwaycouldntimaginedoinghisworkalloveragain.Allthosemonthsofwritingweresimply6.
Hetoldafriendabouthisbadluck,whotoldhimitwasactuallyverygood7!Heassured(向...保證)Hemingwaythatwhenherewrotethestories,hewouldforgetthe8parts;onlythebestmaterialwouldreappear.HeencouragedHemingwaytostartagain,butwithoptimismand9thistime.Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.
Dontprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.Dontaskforsmallerchallenges;askforgreater10.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!
1.A.essentialB.confusingC.acceptableD.bad
2.A.backwardsB.offC.onD.forwards
3.A.learnedB.saidC.heardD.solved
4.A.waitingB.strugglingC.dreamingD.wishing
5.A.challengesB.changesC.disasterD.failure
6.A.buriedB.failedC.wastedD.undone
7.A.fortuneB.resultC.journeyD.idea
8.A.weakB.importantC.goodD.last
9.A.knowledgeB.confidenceC.imaginationD.luck
10.A.chanceB.sympathyC.wisdomD.kick
答案：
文章用海明威的例子來說明一個問題：當(dāng)生活給你一個打擊，你就借勢向前。
1.D通讀全文可知“不應(yīng)該把所有的壞運氣都看作壞事”(它也許是推動你前進(jìn)的一次機會或者動力)。根據(jù)此意需要選D項
2.D根據(jù)文章最后一段可以得到提示：“Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!”當(dāng)生活給你一個打擊，你就借勢向前。
3.A海明威通過這個“厄運”學(xué)到了一些東西。學(xué)到了/學(xué)會了要用learn表達(dá)。
4.B從第四段最后一句“Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.”可知在他丟書稿的時候他尚未成名，所以是在努力(struggling)當(dāng)中。
5.C即將出版的書稿丟了，這對尚未成名的海明威來說不啻是一次災(zāi)難(disaster)。
6.C這幾個月的辛勤勞動的成果就這樣付諸東流了(simplywasted)。
7.A他向朋友哭訴時，朋友卻認(rèn)為這是運氣（fortune）。從下文他勸告海明威重新來寫作并且取得成功可以看出來。
8.A忘記那些不太有印象的東西，這些也是小說里不怎么重要或不精彩的(weak)部分。weak與thebest相對。
9.B朋友鼓勵他要樂觀(optimism)，要有自信心(confidence)，而confidence與optimism并列，表達(dá)相近的意思。
10.C從前一句的“Don’tprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.”可知不是要祈禱問題會減少，而應(yīng)該去起到自己獲得更大的能力。那么，下一句：不是祈禱少一些挑戰(zhàn)，而應(yīng)該祈禱自己具備更高的智慧(greaterwisdom)來應(yīng)對這些挑戰(zhàn)。不是尋找一個簡單的解決途徑，而是要可能的最佳的方法。
2.語法填空
閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號為1—10的相應(yīng)位置上。
字?jǐn)?shù)：143完成時間：8分鐘難度：***
OnWednesdaymorningatelevenoclock,IwaswalkingdownMainStreet.Ihadjustparkedmycar.SuddenlyIheardtwoshots.Ithoughtthey1(come)fromthebank.Irantowardthebank.Isawaman2(come)out.Hewasshortandfat3abigmoustache.More4(importance),hehadabagofmoneyandaguninhishands!5Icoulddoanything,heranupthestreet6disappearedbehindabus.
ThatafternoonIwenttothemovies.7happened?Isawthethiefagainatthefootofthestairs!Itelephonedthepolicefromatelephonenexttotherestrooms.Thepolicearrivedin8thanfiveminutes.Theyarrestedthethiefjustashe9(buy)achocolatebarfromthecandymachine.Whatanexcitingday!Andbestofall,thebankgaveme100reward.
答案：
1．hadcome考查動詞的過去完成時態(tài)，表槍聲在我想／認(rèn)為之前發(fā)生：
2．Coming考查動詞短語seesomebodydoingsth．的結(jié)構(gòu)：
3．with介詞，"有，具有"：
4．importantlymoreimportantly表“更重要的是”：
5．Before時間狀語從句，表“在……之前”：
6．a(chǎn)ndand連接ranup...和disappeared兩個動作，表并列關(guān)系：
7．WhatWhathappened?是固定句型，表驚訝：
8.1esslessthan5minutes表“不到五分鐘”。
9．wasbuying過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)，表當(dāng)時正在買巧克力時，警察逮捕了他：
10．a(chǎn)表一份獎品：
3.信息匹配
閱讀下列應(yīng)用文及相關(guān)信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
請閱讀下列某書店各書架的相關(guān)信息：
SectionA:Do-It-YourselfSection---Ontheseshelvescustomerscanfindthelatestmanualsonhowtodoeverythingfrombuildingacomputertoconstructingyourownhome.
SectionB:SportsLeisureSection--Stocksalargerangeofthelatestbooksonyourfavouritesportingteamsandevents.PickuptheperfectFathersDaypresenthere.
SectionC:HumourSection--Agreatselectionofjokebooks,funnystoriesandwonderfulreallifeadventuresthataresuretokeepthereaderlaughingfordays.
SectionD:BusinessFinance--Students,businesspeopleoranyoneinterestedintheworldofcommercearecertaintofindthebooktheyareafterhere.Wehavespecialsubsectionforinternationaltradeande-commerce.
SectionE:Biography--Findoutaboutthelivesofyourfavouritesportsstars,singers,actorsandotherfamouspeoplefromtodayandthepast.Learnwhattheyhadtogothroughtobecomesuccessfulandtheeffectithadontheirlives.
SectionF:Education--Hasahugerangeoftextbooksandsupplementarymaterialcoveringallthemajorhighschoolanduniversitysubjects.Buyersshowingtheirstudentcardsreceivea15%discountonallpurchasesfromthissection.
閱讀下列關(guān)于各書籍的信息，匹配書籍與其所應(yīng)放置的書架：
1.TheDelightedEye--byProf.JohnNash--The1994NobelPrizeWinnerforEconomics,whoseideashaveinfluencedagenerationoftheworldsgreatesteconomicminds,tellshislifestory:growingupinasmalltowninAmerica,becomingoneofAmericasmostinfluentialmathematiciansandhisbattleswithmentalillness.
2.MotherTongue:TheEnglishLanguage--byBillBryson--BrysonsbookisajourneythroughthehistoryanddifferentaspectsoftheEnglishlanguage,onethatisbothinformativeandhugelyentertaining.AswithmostofBrysonsbooks,funcomesbeforefactsandreaderswillbeleftwithasmileontheirfaces.
3.IntoThinAir--byJohnKrakauer--isarivetingfirst-handaccountofadisastrousracetothetopofMountEverest.InMarch1996,"Outside"magazinesentveteranjournalistandexperiencedclimberJohnKrakauertojointheteamledbythefamousEverestguideRobHall.DespitetheexpertiseofHallandtheotherleaders,bytheendoftheraceeightpeopleweredead.
4.ReadyMade:HowtoMake(Almost)Everything--byShoshenaBergerandGraceHawthorne--beautifullywrittenwithgreatfactualinformation.Thethemebehindthisbookisre-use,re-claim,re-cycleandtherearemanydetailedeasy-to-doprojectsforthereadertotrysuchasmakingaphotoframefromabookcoverorapotforyourplantsfromplasticshoppingbags.
5.TheSmartestGuysintheRoom:TheAmazingRiseandScandalousFallofEnron--byBethanyMcLeanandPeterElkind--AsthetitlesuggeststheauthorscovertheriseoftheAmericanelectricitycompanytobecomeoneofthe10richestcompaniesintheworldanditsspectacularfallintodishonourandbankruptcy.Aperfectguideonwhatnottodoinbusiness.
答案：
1.E"Biography"對應(yīng)"tellhislifestory""learnwhattheyhadtogothrough"對應(yīng)"mathematiciansandhisbattleswithmentalillness"
2.C"keepthereaderlaughing"對應(yīng)"readerswillbeleftwithasmileontheirfaces"
3.B"favoritesportingteamsandevents"對應(yīng)"adisastrousracetothetopofMountEverest"
4.A"onhowtodoeverything"對應(yīng)"thethemebehindthisbookisreuse,reclaim..."
5.D"specialsubsectionforinternationaltradeande-commerce"對應(yīng)"aperfectguideonwhatnottoinbusiness"
4.讀寫任務(wù)
閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文：
Hi,IamMike!Personally,Iprefertostudyalone.Ifindstudyingalonemorechallengingandexciting.
EachtimeIcomeupwithanideaafterlongtimethinking,Ifeelagreatsenseofachievement.StudyingalonealsoallowsmetodevelopindependentthinkingwhichisaveryimportantskillIneedasIgrowolderandmustsolvetheproblemsmyselfwithoutthehelpofparentsandteachers.Ourteachersoftenencourageustostudyingroups.Ienjoymyfriendscompany,butin-groupstudy,Ifindwespendfarlesstimestudyingandmoretimeplayinggamesandhavingfun.ItisforthesereasonsthatIbelievethemosteffectivewaytolearnnewknowledgeisbystudyingalone.
[寫作內(nèi)容]
學(xué)校最近組織了一次中關(guān)學(xué)生交流活動，你參加其中的“合作學(xué)習(xí)”討論：聽完Mike的發(fā)言之后，你準(zhǔn)備寫一份發(fā)言稿，題目是“MyViewonOurStudy”，內(nèi)容要點包括：
1、以約30個詞概括短文的要點：
2、以約120個詞談?wù)勀銓ν瑢W(xué)間是否必要合作學(xué)習(xí)的看法，并包括下面要點：
1)你對Mike的觀點的評價;
2)你贊成哪一種學(xué)習(xí)方式，合作學(xué)習(xí)還是單獨學(xué)習(xí)?
3)你以前采取什么學(xué)習(xí)方式，比較你先后采取兩種學(xué)習(xí)方式上的變化及不同結(jié)果。
[寫作要求]
1．作文中可使用自己的親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)的故事，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；標(biāo)題自定。
2．作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學(xué)校名稱。
[評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]概括準(zhǔn)確，語言規(guī)范，內(nèi)容合適，篇章連貫。
[寫作輔導(dǎo)]
1．寫作有可能用到的主要短語和單詞：熱情enthusiasm,合作學(xué)習(xí)studyingroups，單獨學(xué)習(xí)studyalone。
2．本文的概要必須包含以下要點：Iprefertostudyalone.Ifindstudyingalonemorechallenging
andexciting./IbelievethemosteffectivewaytolearnnewknowledgeisbyStudyingalone.
3．本文要注意，概要一定要根據(jù)文段的時態(tài)來寫。同時，絕對不能抄襲原文的句子。文章是談你對同學(xué)間是否必要合作學(xué)習(xí)的看法，屬于評論性文字，故多用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時態(tài)。但你以前采取何種學(xué)習(xí)方式屬于經(jīng)歷，必須使用一般過去時態(tài)。
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答案：
TheBestWaytoLearn
InMikesspeech,weknowthathelikestostudyalonebecausestudyingaloneisthemosteffective,morechallengingandexcitingwaytolearnnewknowledge.
PersonallyIlikestudyingingroups.Whenstudyingingroupswecanlearnfromeachother,shareourexperiencesinsolvingdifficultproblemsandlearnmoreinlesstime.
InthepastIseldomhadtheconfidencetodiscussstudytopicswithmyclassmates.IalsohadlittleenthusiasmforstudyingasIfounditveryboring.ButfollowingmyteachersadviceIjoinedastudygroupandtomysurprisemyperformanceinclasswasimprovedgreatly.StudyingbecamemoreenjoyableandsomethingIlookedforwardtodoing,asIwasabletolearnfromaswellashelpothers.Soforme,studyingingroupsisbyfarthemosteffectivewaytolearn.