ThereisapopularstorythatNewtonwassittingunderanappletree,anapplefellonhishead,andhesuddenlythoughtoftheUniversalLawofGravitation.Asinallsuchlegends,thisisalmostcertainlynottrueinitsdetails,butthestorycontainselementsofwhatactuallyhappened.

WhatReallyHappenedwiththeApple?

ProbablythemorecorrectversionofthestoryisthatNewton,uponobservinganapplefallfromatree,begantothinkalongthefollowinglines:Theappleisaccelerated,sinceitsvelocitychangesfromzeroasitishangingonthetreeandmovestowardtheground.Thus,byNewtons2ndLawtheremustbeaforcethatactsontheappletocausethisacceleration.Letscallthisforce"gravity",andtheassociatedaccelerationthe"acclerationduetogravity".Thenimaginetheappletreeistwiceashigh.Again,weexpecttheappletobeacceleratedtowardtheground,sothissuggeststhatthisforcethatwecallgravityreachestothetopofthetallestappletree.SirIsaacsMostExcellentIdea

NowcameNewtonstrulybrilliantinsight:iftheforceofgravityreachestothetopofthehighesttree,mightitnotreachevenfurther;inparticular,mightitnotreachallthewaytotheorbitoftheMoon!Then,theorbitoftheMoonabouttheEarthcouldbeaconsequenceofthegravitationalforce,becausetheaccelerationduetogravitycouldchangethevelocityoftheMooninjustsuchawaythatitfollowedanorbitaroundtheearth.Thiscanbeillustratedwiththethoughtexperimentshowninthefollowingfigure.Supposewefireacannonhorizontallyfromahighmountain;theprojectilewilleventuallyfalltoearth,asindicatedbytheshortesttrajectoryinthefigure,becauseofthegravitationalforcedirectedtowardthecenteroftheEarthandtheassociatedacceleration.(Rememberthatanaccelerationisachangeinvelocityandthatvelocityisavector,soithasbothamagnitudeandadirection.Thus,anaccelerationoccursifeitherorboththemagnitudeandthedirectionofthevelocitychange.)

Butasweincreasethemuzzlevelocityforourimaginarycannon,theprojectilewilltravelfurtherandfurtherbeforereturningtoearth.Finally,Newtonreasonedthatifthecannonprojectedthecannonballwithexactlytherightvelocity,theprojectilewouldtravelcompletelyaroundtheEarth,alwaysfallinginthegravitationalfieldbutneverreachingtheEarth,whichiscurvingawayatthesameratethattheprojectilefalls.Thatis,thecannonballwouldhavebeenputintoorbitaroundtheEarth.NewtonconcludedthattheorbitoftheMoonwasofexactlythesamenature:theMooncontinuously"fell"initspatharoundtheEarthbecauseoftheaccelerationduetogravity,thusproducingitsorbit.Bysuchreasoning,NewtoncametotheconclusionthatanytwoobjectsintheUniverseexertgravitationalattractiononeachother,withtheforcehavingauniversalform:

TheconstantofproportionalityGisknownastheuniversalgravitationalconstant.Itistermeda"universalconstant"becauseitisthoughttobethesameatallplacesandalltimes,andthusuniversallycharacterizestheintrinsicstrengthofthegravitationalforce.

StepIIPresentation

T:DoyouremembertheconversationbetweenLiYanpingandProfessorWallis?

S1:Yes.

T:Weallknowthatspacewalkisdifficultanddangerous.Whatshouldanastronauttakewithhim?

S2:oxygencan.

S3:spacesuit.

S4:gravityboots.

S5:watersystem.

S6:specialfood.

S7:specialropes.T:Great!Doyouknowtheusageofthem?NowdiscussthemwithyourpartneraccordingtotheformonPage31.YoucanrefertoourlisteningmaterialonPage65.

WhenSsdiscuss.Teacherwalkaroundtheclassroomtogivethemsomehelp.StepIIISpeaking(Page31)

(Afterafewminutes.)T:Haveyoufinished?Nowspeakoneortwosentencesforeachequipmentyoushouldtake.Sa:Iwilltakewaterwithmeinmyspacesuitinordertowarmorcoolmeifit’stoocoldortoohot.

Sb:Iwilltakeoxygencanonmybackinordertohelpmebreatheoxygeninspace.Sc:I’llwearspacesuit.tcanprotectmefrommanydangers.Itcancarrymanynecessarythingsinoronit.

Sd:I’lltakespacebuggyinordertotravelonthemoon.

Se:I’lltakearopetotiemetothespaceship,orI’llflyaway.

Sf:I’lltakespecialfoodsothatIcaneateasily,becausethefoodwillfloatinspace.

Sg:I’llwearspecialsunglassesinordertoprotectmyeyes.

Sh:I’lltakespacecamerainordertotakephotos.

T:Wonderful!Anythingelse?

Si:I’llwearspacebootsinordertowalkthere.

T:Verygood.You’vedoneanexcellentjob!Doyouknowhowtofillintheformnow?

Ss:Yes.

T:Nowlookatthescreenandcheckyouranswer.

Sampleanswer:

Tokeepyoucool

Spaceshipwithwatertocoolyou

tohelpyoubreatheoxygen

Oxygentankstocarryonyourback

Clothesforexercise

spacesuit

Totravelonthemoon

Spacebuggy

Toprotectyourskin

Spacesuit

Tostopyouflyingoffintospace

Aropetotieyoutothespaceship

Tostopyourfoodfromfloatingaway

Spacefoodthatyoucaneatmoreeasily

Clothesforwalkingonthemoon

Spacesuit

Togiveshade

Sunglassesinyourspacesuithelmet

Totakephotographs

Spacecamera

StepIVTalking(Page62)

Thetaskasksthestudentstoworkinpairsandgiveafriendanumberof“does”and“don’ts”forgoingintospace.Theyneedtomakesuggestionsusingthephrasesthattheyhavebeengiventohelpthem.Whentheyhaveworkedouttheadvicetheycanwritethesuggestionsdownandreadthemouttotheclass.ShowtheusefulexpressionsPleaselookat/listento…Pleasecheckthat…Youneed…Pleasepayattentionto…Don’tforgetto…You’dbetter…Makesureyou…Watchoutfor…Youmustn’t…T:Nowdiscussitinpairs.ThenIwillasksomepairstoreadouttheirinstructions.

Sampledialogue:

S1:I’mgoingtovisitacomet.I’mleavingtomorrow.

S2:Howexciting!Pleasecheckthatyouhavegotthecorrectsortofspacesuit.Youneedthekindthatwillkeepyouwarmifit’stoocold.

S1:Ofcourse!

S2:Makesureyouknowallthesafetyrules.It’snotsafetostandonacometorgettooclose.Thereisalwaysastrongwindinspace.

S1:Iwon’tleavethespaceshipexceptthatItakephotos.

S2:Photos?Justthinkofthedustintheair.Itwillmaketakingphotosverydifficult.

S1:Well,I’lltakesomeanyway.

S2:Watchoutforthespacewind!Itcanbeverydangerous.

S1:Yes,Iknowthat.

S2:Don’tforgettowatchthetimeasyouleavetheearth.Pleasepayattentiontoeverythingyourspaceguidesays.Don’tgooffonyourown.Lookatyourtemperatureonyourspacesuitallthetime.Ifit’stoolowyouneedtowarmitupandifit’stoohighyouneedtocoolitdown.Anyway,haveagoodtrip!

S1:Thankyou.Iwill.

StepVSpeakingTask(Page67)

Thepurposeofthistaskistousetheinformationthestudentshavegainedfromthelisteningtextandreadingpassageinanewsituation.Theyaregoingtointerviewtheastronomerinourstory,LiYanping,foranewspaper.Soinpairstheneedtoworkoutsomequestionstoaskhim.Eachofthepairsneedstothinkofthreedifferentquestions.Andtrytofindtheanswers.

Questionsandanswers:

1.Whatwasthemostunexpectedthingyoufoundoutaboutblackholes?

Theblackholethrewoutmaterialaswellasateobjects.

2.Howdidyouknowyouhadgotclosetoablackhole?

Youcanseethingsdisappearintowhatappearstobeanemptyspace.That’sablackhole.3.Whatwasthemostfrighteningthingthathappenedtoyouonthisjourney?

Whenthegravityoftheblackholewaspullingustoit’smouth,andthenthespaceshipmovedroundtheholeandbegantogofasterandfasterintoit;IwasterrifiedbecauseIthoughtwewouldbeeatenbythehole.

4.Whydidyourwatchmoveslowerwhenyourspaceshipmovedaroundthehole?

I’mnotclearyet.

5.Haveyoufoundsomethingnewaboutblackholes?

Yes.Ithoughtblackholesonlyeatsomeobjects,butinfacttheyalsospitobjectsout.

StepVIHomework:

Prepareforwritingapassageaboutyourideaorhopesfortravelinginspace.

Writing

Teachinggoals教學(xué)目標(biāo)

1Targetlanguage目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言

a重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語(yǔ)explore,characteristicsb重點(diǎn)句子Writeashortarticleexplainingthreeproblemsyoumightmeetonthemoon..Youmayaskthefollowingquestionsaswellasworkoutsomemore.2Abilitygoals能力目標(biāo)

EnabletheSstowriteanarticleaboutyourideaorhopesfortravelinginspace.

3Learningabilitygoals學(xué)能目標(biāo)

HelptheSstolearnhowtowriteapassage.

Teachingimportantdifficultpoints教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和教學(xué)難點(diǎn)

TeachtheSshowtowriteanarticleaboutaspacetravel.Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法

Task-basedlearningDiscussion.Teachingaids教具準(zhǔn)備

aprojector,acomputerTeachingproceduresways教學(xué)過(guò)程與方式

StepIWriting

Thepurposeofthiswritingisforstudentstothinkaboutwhatkindofequipmenttheywouldneedtobesafeinspace.It’sagoodopportunityforadiscussionaboutthepainsandpleasuresthatmightoccurwhentravelinginspace.Afterthediscussion,theycanwritedowntheproblemsandthewaytosolvethem.

T:Ifyouaregoingoffonaholiday,whatwillyoutake?

S1:Iwilltakeclothes,shoes,foodandmanyotherthings.

T:Butforspacetravel,youneedspecializedequipment.Whatequipmentshouldyoutake?Wehavediscussedtheminlastlesson.Whocananswerthisquestion?

S2:oxygencan,spacesuit,gravityboots,watersystem,specialfood.,specialropes,spacebuggy,sunglassesandspacecamera.

T:Wetakesomanythingswithusinordertoavoidmanydangers.Whatarethedangers?Ifyoudon’tknowmanyenough,let’swatchthefilm“Apollo”.It’safilmaboutanAmericanspacemissionthatwentwrong.Afterthat,youshouldwritedownthedangersandthewaytosolvethem.

(Watchthefilm.)Samplearticle:

IfIvisitedthemoon,Imighthavethreeproblems:howtobreathe,howtoeatandhowtomovearound.

IwouldhavetocarryallmyairwithmeifIwenttothemoon.Thisisbecausethemoonhasnoairofitsown.SoIwouldneedoxygentanksplacedonmybacksoIcouldbreatheallthetime.

IwouldhavetotakeallmyfoodwithmeifIwenttothemoon.Inthespaceship,thereisnogravitysothefoodwouldfloataround.So,IwouldmakesurethatitisspeciallymadeasspacefoodandthenIwouldbeabletoeatiteasily.

IwouldfinditdifficulttomovearoundonthemoonasIwouldweighone-sixthwhatIweighontheearth.ThismeansIwouldbouncelikeaballoonifItrytowalk.IwouldhavetolearntowalkdifferentlysothatIdon’tfallover.

IfIfollowthisadvice,IthinkIwillhaveagoodholidayonthemoon.

StepIIWritingTask

Thepurposeofthiswritingtaskisforthestudentstousetheinformationtheyhavegatheredonastronomyandtheirquestionstoeachothertowriteaninterestingandlivelynewspaperarticle.

T:HaveyoueverrememberedOct.16th,2003?

S:Yes,ofcourse..

T:Whathappenedonthatday?S:China’sfirstmannedspaceshiplandedsafelythatday.

T:It’sagreatmomentforChinaandthewholeworld.Howmanypreparationshavetheymadeforthisspacetravel?

S:Notexactly.Buttheymusthavemadefullpreparationsforthismannedspaceflight.T:DoyouadmireYangLiwei?S:Heisourhero.

T:Doyouwanttobeagreatmanlikehim?S:Ofcourse,I’mdreamingofthat.

T:You’llgetthechanceifyouworkhard..Chinahasothernewplans.Thescientistsplantoputalabintospacemannedbyscientistsforshortperiods.Theyaimtovisitthemoontolookforvaluableresourcesthereaswellastostudyitsenvironmentandgeologicalstructures.Doyouwanttobethatluckyscientist?Supposeyouarethescientistwhovisitsthemooninthefuture,pleasetellusyourplan.Forexample,youcanthinkaboutthesequestionsandwritedownyourplan.

1.Whatpreparationsshouldyoumake?

2.Whatwillyouseeduringyourspacetravel?

3.Whatwillyoudoonthemoon?

Showsamplearticle:

Goingintospace

Carryoutresearchonthemoon

I’llvisitmoonsoon.Asascientist,Ihavealwayswantedtovisititbymyself.Butit’snotaneasything.SoIshouldmakemanypreparations.FirstI’lltakeenoughexerciseinordertobestrong.ThenI’lltakeenoughandnecessaryequipmentwithme.IwillmakenotesofwhatI’llseeonthemoonbecausewe’llputalabonit.Throughexperimentsinthelab,we’llcollectvaluableresourcesandstudyitsenvironmentandgeologicalstructures.We’llalsowanttofindoutifit’sagoodplaceforhumanstoliveininthefuture.IbelieveI’llgetwhatIwanttogetfromthemoon.(Teachercansupplyotherinformationforstudents.Showthefollowingonthescreen:)

China’smannedspaceprogrammehasfourgoals:1.todevelopbasicmannedspaceflighttechnology;2.toobservetheearthandundertakeexperimentsinspace;3.tohelpdesignspacevehicles;4.toaccumulateexperienceforalargespacestationT:Supposeyouarepartofthisfutureprogramme,talkaboutwhatyou’lldo,whatyou’llseeandwhatyou’llget.

StepIIIProject

Askstudentstocollectasmuchinformationastheycanaboutthenineplanetsinoursolarsystem.Chooseoneplanetthattheywouldliketoexplore.Thenwritearesearchreport.ThereportshouldincludethefourrequirementsonPage68.

1.Onepossibleproject:

Topic:Mars

TheplanetIhavechosenisMarsbecauseit’stheclosesttotheearthandit’llbeoneofthefirstplanetsforustoexplore.It’snamedaftertheRomangodofwarbecausefromtheearthitlooksredinthesky.

Information

Position:4thplanetinoursolarsystem

Distancefromoursun:228millionkms

Diameter:halfthesizeoftheEarth

Mass:onetenththesizeofEarth

Gravity:onethirdofthatofEarth

Surfacesize:sameasdrylandofEarth

Lengthofday:halfanhourlongerthanEarthday

Timetocirclethesun:twoEarthyears

Satellites:two

Air:95%carbondioxide2%argon,3%nitrogen,verylittleoxygen

Findingsfromspacetrips

ThemostimportanttripstoMarshavebeenmadebytheUSandUSSR.TheyhavebothsentmanyspaceshipsbutnopeopletovisitMars.Theyhavediscovered:

---therearetwoseasonsonMars:awarm,dusty,southernsummerandcold,dusty-freenorthernwinter.

---nolifecanliveonMarsnow,astheairdoesn’thaveenoughoxygen

---therearesomeevidenceofearlylifewhentherewaswateronMarsthreemillionyearsago

---changesinthecolorofMarsareproducedbyduststormsonMars

---ithasanorthandasouthpolemadeoffrozencarbondioxidegas

WhatIwouldliketofindout

1.whetherthereislifeunderthesurfaceofMars

2.whetheritwouldbepossibleforpeopletoliveonMars

3.whetherthereisoilorjewelsorrocksthatwouldbeusefulforpeopleonEarth

2.Anotherproject:

Topic:Jupiter

JupiteristhefifthplanetfromtheSunandisthelargestoneinthesolarsystem.IfJupiterwerehollow,morethanonethousandEarthscouldfitinside.Italsocontainsmorematterthanalloftheotherplanetscombined.Ithasamassof1.9x1027kgandis142,800kilometers(88,736miles)acrosstheequator.Jupiterpossesses28knownsatellites,fourofwhich-Callisto,Europa,GanymedeandIo-wereobservedbyGalileoaslongagoas1610.Another12satelliteshavebeenrecentlydiscoveredandgivenprovisionaldesignatorsuntiltheyareofficiallyconfirmedandnamed.Information

JupiterStatistics

Mass(kg)

1.900e+27

Mass(Earth=1)

3.1794e+02

Equatorialradius(km)

71,492

Equatorialradius(Earth=1)

1.1209e+01

Meandensity(gm/cm^3)

1.33

MeandistancefromtheSun(km)

778,330,000

MeandistancefromtheSun(Earth=1)

5.2028

Rotationalperiod(days)

0.41354

Orbitalperiod(days)

4332.71

Meanorbitalvelocity(km/sec)

13.07

Orbitaleccentricity

0.0483

Tiltofaxis(degrees)

3.13

Orbitalinclination(degrees)

1.308

Equatorialsurfacegravity(m/sec^2)

22.88

Equatorialescapevelocity(km/sec)

59.56

Visualgeometricalbedo

0.52

Magnitude(Vo)

-2.70

Meancloudtemperature

-121°C

Atmosphericpressure(bars)

0.7

Atmosphericcomposition

Hydrogen

Helium

90%
10%

Findingsfromspacetrips

1.Thereisaringsystem,butitisveryfaintandistotallyinvisiblefromtheEarth.(Theringswerediscoveredin1979byVoyager1.)

2.Theatmosphereisverydeep,perhapscomprisingthewholeplanet,andissomewhatliketheSun.Itiscomposedmainlyofhydrogenandhelium,withsmallamountsofmethane,ammonia,watervaporandothercompounds.

3.AtgreatdepthswithinJupiter,thepressureissogreatthatthehydrogenatomsarebrokenupandtheelectronsarefreedsothattheresultingatomsconsistofbareprotons.Thisproducesastateinwhichthehydrogenbecomesmetallic.

4.Colorfullatitudinalbands,atmosphericcloudsandstormsillustrateJupitersdynamicweathersystems.Thecloudpatternschangewithinhoursordays.TheGreatRedSpotisacomplexstormmovinginacounter-clockwisedirection.

5.Auroralemissions,similartoEarthsnorthernlights,wereobservedinthepolarregionsofJupiter.WhatIwouldliketofindout

1.whetherthereislifeunderthesurfaceofJupiter

2.whetheritwouldbepossibleforpeopletoliveonJupiter

3.whetherthereisoilorjewelsorrocksthatwouldbeusefulforpeopleonEarth

StepVHomework

Sumupthewholeunit.Collectthematerialsaboutstars,spacetravelanddifferentideasaboutthebeginningoflife..

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars（Vocabularyand&nb

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars（VocabularyandUsefulExpressions）

●三維目標(biāo)
1.Knowledge：
（1）Words：
crack，burst，ruin，injure，destroy，shock，last的具體用法。
（2）Phrases：
atanend，rightaway，digout的用法
（3）Sentencepatterns：
Allhopewasnotlost.（部分否定句）
2.Ability：
（1）Trainthestudents’abilitytoreaddifferentnumbersinEnglish.
（2）Learntheusageofsomedifficultwordsandexpressions.
（3）Trainthestudents’abilitytoremovethedifficultieswhilereading.
3.Emotion：
（1）Trainthestudents’abilitytocooperatewithothers.
（2）Knowthedeadlinessofanearthquakeandthesignsbeforeanearthquakeiscoming.
（3）LearnfromthebraveryofpeopleinTangshantofacetherealityandrebuildthecity.
●教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
（1）Trainthestudents’abilitytoreaddifferentnumbersinEnglish.
（2）Trainthestudents’abilitytocooperatewithothers.
●教學(xué)難點(diǎn)
（1）Theexplanationofsomedifficultwordsandexpressions.
（2）Trainthestudents’abilitytoremovethedifficultieswhilereading.
●教具準(zhǔn)備
（1）ataperecorder
（2）aprojector
（3）theblackboard
●教學(xué)過(guò)程
Step1Greetings
Greetthewholeclassasusual.
Step2Revision
T：Inthelastperiod，welearnedsomethingabouttheterribleTangshanEarthquakein1976，whichisthedeadliestearthquakeinChina’shistory.NowIamgoingtoaskyousomequestionsbasedontheReadingpassage.
T：WhatdidpeopleinTangshanseeintheskybeforetheearthquake？
S1：Theysawbrightlightsinthesky.
T：Whatdidpeoplehear？
S2：TheyheardthesoundofplanesoutsideTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthesky.
T：Whatdidpeoplenoticeinthewells？
S3：Peoplenoticedthewellwallshaddeepcracks，andasmellygascameoutofthecracks.
T：Didpeoplepayanyattentiontotheseabnormalphenomena？
S4：No.Theywenttobedasusualthatnight.
T：Whendidtheearthquakebegin？
S5：At3：42inthemorningofJuly28.
T：Howmanypeoplewerekilledorinjuredinthequake？
S6：Morethan400000people.
T：Couldtheinjuredpeoplegotohospital？
S7：No，theycouldn’tbecauseallofthecity’shospitalsweregoneinthequake.
T：Werethereanyaftershocks？
S8：Yes.Laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshan.Manyrescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.
T：Didthesurvivorsdenythecityandgotoliveinotherplaces？
S9：No.Theydidtherescueworkwiththehelpof150000soldierssentbythearmy.SlowlythecityofTangshanbegantobreatheagain.
T：Iamverysatisfiedwithyourwork.
Step3LearningaboutNumbers
T：MaybeyouhavealreadynoticedthattherearealotofnumbersintheReadingpassage.Toreadthemcorrectlyisveryimportant.SometimesthereisatestonnumbersinListening.
T：NowturntoPage28andlookatPart3.Matcheachwordtothenumberthathasthesamemeaning.
（AllowSsseveralminutestofinishthetask.）
T：Nowlet’scheckyouranswers.
S：A.90%ninetypercent
B.10000tenthousand
C.1000000onemillion
D.150000onehundredandfiftythousand
E.75%seventy-fivepercent
F.1/3one-third
G.500000halfamillion
H.2/3two-thirds
Step4Importantpoints
T：IntheReadingpassageofthisunit，therearesomeimportantwordsandexpressions.Iwillfirstgiveyoufiveminutestopickoutthedifficultwords，expressionsandsentencepatterns.Youmayworkwithyourpartner.
（Afterfiveminutes.）
S1：Inthefirstparagraph，“...thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.”Howcanweunderstand“burst”？
T：Ifsomethingburstsorifyouburstsit，itbreaksopenorapartsuddenlyandviolentlysothatitscontentscomeout.
e.g.Youaregoingtobursttheballoon，ifyouarenotcareful.
S2：Inthefirstparagraph，“Farmers’wivesnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracksinthem.”andinthesecondparagraph“Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswide.”Dothetwo“cracks”havethesamemeaning？
T：Youareverycareful.Yes，theyhavethesamemeaning.Bothofthemarenouns.“Crack”meansaverynarrowspacebetweentwothingsortwopartsofsomething.“Crack”canalsobeaverb，meaningtobreakormakesomethingbreaksothatitgetsoneormorelinesonitssurface，asinthesentence“Inthecity，thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.”
e.g.Shefelloffherbikeandcrackedaboneinherleg.
S3：Howcanweunderstandthissentenceinthesecondparagraph“Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend.”？
T：Inordertounderstandthissentence，youhavetoknowthemeaningofthephrase“beatanend”.Itreferstoasituationinwhichsomethingisfinishedornolongerexisted.
e.g.Thelonghotsummerwasatlastatanend.
Otherexamplesare“cometoanend”，“putanendtosth.”.
T：Sonowwhocanexplainthesentenceinourtext？
S4：Letmehaveatry.Theearthquakewassoterriblethatnearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.Sopeoplethoughtitwastheendoftheworld.
T：Excellent.Andthissentenceusesexaggeration.
S5：Inthesecondparagraph，“Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.”Whydon’tweuse“ruin”insteadof“ruins”？
T：“Ruin”canbeanuncountablenoun，whichmeansasituationinwhichyouhavelostallyourmoney，yoursocialposition，orthegoodopinionthatpeoplehadaboutyou.
e.g.Withthecollapseofgrainprices，smallfarmersareonthebrinkoffinancialruin.
While“ruins”meansthepartofabuildingthatisleftaftertheresthasbeendestroyed.
e.g.theruinsofabombed-outofficeblock
S6：Inthesecondparagraph“Two-thirdsofthepeoplediedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.”Canweuse“wound”totaketheplaceof“injure”？
T：No.Toinjuresomeonemeanscausingphysicalharmtosomeone，forexampleinanaccidentoranattack.Towoundsomeonemeansinjuringsomeone，especiallybymakingacutorholeintheirskinusingaknife，gun，etc.
e.g.（1）Oneoftheplayersinjuredhiskneeandhadtobecarriedoff.
（2）Gunmenkilledtwopeopleandwoundedsixothersinanattacktoday.
S7：Inthethirdparagraph“Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.”Canweusetheword“ruin”totaketheplaceof“destroy”？
T：No.“Destroy”meanstodamagesomethingsobadlythatitnolongerexistsorcannotberepaired.Ifyou“ruin”somethinggoodoruseful，itthenusuallyexists，butnolongerhasitsgoodqualitiesorfeatures.
e.g.（1）Theschoolwascompletelydestroyedinthebigfirelastnight.
（2）Toomuchsugarcanruinyourteeth.
S8：Inthethirdparagraph，“Peoplewereshocked.”What’sthemeaningofthesentence？
T：“Shock”heremeanstomakesomeonefeelverysurprisedandupsetandunabletobelievewhathashappened.
e.g.Themurderofsuchayoungchilddeeplyshockedthewholecommunity.
S9：Sothesentenceinourtextmeanspeopleweresurprised.
T：Yes.Butthereisaslightdifferencebetween“shock”and“surprise”.Ifsomethingis，comesas，orgivesyouashockitisunexpectedandoftenverybad.
e.g.Itcameasagreatshocktohearshewasleavinghome.
Butasurpriseissomethingthatisunexpected，butisnotnecessarilybad.
e.g.Whatanicesurprise!Ididn’teventhinkyouwereinthecountry!
S10：Inthethirdparagraph，“Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.”Whatdoestheword“l(fā)ast”meaninthissentence？Isitanadjective？
T：No，itisnotanadjectivebutaverb.“Last”heremeanstocontinueforaparticularlengthoftime.
e.g.ThehotweatherlastedforthewholemonthofJuly.
Asaverb，“l(fā)ast”couldalsomeantomanagetoremaininthesamesituation，evenwhenthisisdifficult.
e.g.Theywon’tbeabletolastmuchlongerwithoutfreshsupplies.
Theword“l(fā)ast”canalsobeusedasalinkingverb.Itmeansbeingenoughforsomeonetouse.
e.g.Weonlyhadtolastustherestofthemonth.
S11：Inthelastparagraph，“Allhopewasnotlost.”Whatisthemeaningofthissentence？
T：Thissentenceisapartialnegative.Ithasthesamemeaningwith“Notallhopewaslost.”
e.g.（1）Allthestudentsdonotagreetotheplan.
（2）Notallthestudentsagreetotheplan.
Thesetwosentencesmeansomeofthestudentsagreetotheplan，butsomedon’t.
Step5Consolidation
T：Nowaftertheexplanationsofthewords，expressionsandsentencepatterns，let’sdosomeexercises.PleaseturntoPage28andlookatPart2inLearningaboutLanguage.Completethepassagewithsomeofthewordsinthetext.
（Afterseveralminutesteacherasksoneofthestudentstoreadtheshortpassage.Correctanymistakesifthereareany.）
Step6Homework
T：Inordertomastertheusageofthesewordsandexpressions，pleasedosomerelatedexercises.FinishoffthetwopartsinUsingWordsandExpressionsonPage63.
●板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)
Unit4Earthquakes
TheThirdPeriod
ImportantWords：
1.burst（v.）2.crack（n./v.）
3.ruin
4.injure/wound
5.destroy/ruin
6.shocked
7.last（vi.）
ImportantExpressions：
1.Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend.
2.Allhopewasnotlost.（部分否定句）
●活動(dòng)與探究
Story-tellingCompetition：
Formostofhumanhistory，peoplecouldonlyimaginewhatcausedearthquakestohappen.Sostoriesweretoldtoexplainthisnaturaldisaster.AstoryfromIndiasaysthatfourverybigelephantsholeuptheearth.Theelephantsstandonthebackofabiggerturtle.Theturtlestandsonanevenbiggersnake.Whenanyofthesehugemagicalanimalsmove，theearthbeginstoshake!
1.Inpairsmakeupastorytoexplainhowanearthquakehappens.
2.Shareyourstorywithyourclassmates.
3.Choosewhichoneisthemostinteresting.Giveareason.
●備課資料
知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納：
1.shake用法歸納（shake，shook，shaken）
（1）抖動(dòng)，震動(dòng)，常作不及物動(dòng)詞，也作及物動(dòng)詞。
Thehouseshookwhentheearthquakestarted.
當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生時(shí)，房子震動(dòng)了。
Shewasshakingwithanger.
她氣得發(fā)抖。
Hisheavystepsshooktheroom.
他沉重的腳步使房子都震動(dòng)了。
Shewasbadlyshakenbythenews.
她對(duì)這個(gè)消息大為震驚。
（2）搖動(dòng)，作及物動(dòng)詞
Shakethebottlebeforetakingthemedicine.
服藥前搖勻。
（3）顫動(dòng)，作不及物動(dòng)詞
Hishandsshookalittleashewrote.
他寫(xiě)字的時(shí)候手有點(diǎn)發(fā)抖。
Hisvoiceshookwithemotion.
他很激動(dòng)，聲音都有些顫抖了。
（4）shakeproofadj.防震的，抗震的
（5）常用短語(yǔ)：
①和某人握手
shakehandswithsb.
shakesb.’shand
shakesb.bythehand
Heshookhandswarmlywithme.
Heshookmyhandwarmly.
Heshookmewarmlybythehand.
他和我熱情地握了手。
②搖頭shakeone’shead
（6）辨析
shake系常用詞，指“上下來(lái)回短促而急速地?fù)u動(dòng)”。
Shakebeforetaking.
（藥瓶標(biāo)簽上）服前搖勻。
tremble指“由于恐懼、悲憤、興奮等情緒或因寒冷、疲勞等引起無(wú)意識(shí)地顫抖”。
Shetrembledatthelion’sroar.
聽(tīng)到獅吼，她渾身發(fā)抖。
quake可與tremble換用，但較為正式，指“強(qiáng)烈地顫動(dòng)”。
Theearthquaked.
地震了。
quiver指“輕微而急速地顫動(dòng)、搖動(dòng)”。
Theleavesquiveredwiththebreeze.
樹(shù)葉隨微風(fēng)擺動(dòng)。
shiver指“由于寒冷、恐懼或生病而發(fā)抖”。
Heshiveredwithcold.
他凍得發(fā)抖。
2.strike用法歸納（strike，struck，struck/stricken）
（1）打，擊，敲，常表示用力打，可以是一次或多次。
Strikewhiletheironishot.
趁熱打鐵。
hit比strike稍弱，指一次性的打或擊中。
beat指連續(xù)多次地打，也指有節(jié)奏的擊打，心臟跳動(dòng)用beat。
（2）觸（礁），撞
Hisheadstruckthetableashefell.
他摔下時(shí)頭撞在了桌子上。
（3）發(fā)起進(jìn)攻，襲擊
Ourtroopsstrucktheenemycampatdawn.
我們的部隊(duì)在黎明時(shí)分襲擊了敵營(yíng)。
（4）擦（火柴）
Istruckamatchandheldittohiscigarette.
我擦著了一根火柴來(lái)點(diǎn)燃他的香煙。
（5）（鐘）敲
Ileftimmediatelytheclockstrucktwelve.
鐘一敲12下，我就離開(kāi)了。
（6）（某種想法）突然出現(xiàn)，忽然想起
Itstruckmethatweoughttomakeanewplan.
我突然想起我們得制訂個(gè)新計(jì)劃了。
（7）給（人）某種印象或感覺(jué)，給人深刻的印象（常用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)）
Howdoestheplanstrikeyou？
你覺(jué)得這個(gè)計(jì)劃怎么樣？
Iwasdeeplystruckbyherbeauty.
她的美給我留下了深刻的印象。
（8）罷工
Theyarestrikingforhigherpay.
他們?cè)跒闋?zhēng)取高工資而罷工。
3.rise（rise，rose，risen）
（1）太陽(yáng)、月亮、星星升起，出現(xiàn)
Thesunroseatseveno’clock.
太陽(yáng)七點(diǎn)鐘升起。
（2）升高
Theriverisrisingaftertherain.
雨后河水漲了。
Priceshaverisensteadilyduringthepastdecade.
過(guò)去十年間物價(jià)一直在上漲。
（3）起床；立起；站起來(lái)
（4）晉升
rise，raise和lift辨析：
三個(gè)詞都有“升起、抬高”的意思。
lift舉起，抬起。常指將物體，尤其是重物，從地面或較低的位置抬高或舉起，是及物動(dòng)詞。
Heliftedtheheavyboxforme.
他幫我提起了那個(gè)重箱子。
raise舉起，升起，抬高，提高。是及物動(dòng)詞?？膳clift互換，但raise強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的姿勢(shì)；此外它還有把某物“豎起來(lái)”的意思。還可用在抽象的譬喻性質(zhì)的短語(yǔ)里。
raiseone’svoice提高嗓門
raiseprices提高價(jià)格
raiselivingstandards提高生活水平
Thenationalflagisraisedeverymorning.
每天早晨升國(guó)旗。
rise升起，上漲，站起來(lái)。是不及物動(dòng)詞。常指由低而高的變化過(guò)程。
ThenextmorningIwasthefirsttorise.
第二天早上，我是第一個(gè)起床的。
4.seem用法歸納
（1）似乎，好像（vi.）
①seem+不定式的一般形式
Heseemstolikethebirthdaypresentverymuch.
他似乎很喜歡這份生日禮物。
②seem+不定式的完成形式
Weseemtohaveseenyousomewherebefore.
我們似乎在哪里見(jiàn)到過(guò)你。
③seem+不定式的進(jìn)行形式
Severalpeopleinthecrowdseemedtobefighting.
人群中似乎有幾人正在打架。
（2）看來(lái)，似乎是（什么樣子）（link-v.）
①seem+形容詞
Thedoctorseemsverycapable.
看來(lái)這個(gè)醫(yī)生很能干。
②seem+分詞
Hisfirstmemoriesseemedconnectedwithwork.
他的第一記憶似乎與工作相連。
③seem+名詞
Itseemsapleasantcity.
看來(lái)這是一個(gè)令人愉快的城市。
④seem+介詞短語(yǔ)
Youseeminhighspiritstoday，Mary.
瑪麗，看來(lái)你今天興致挺高的。
（3）用于下面結(jié)構(gòu)
①Itseems/seemedthat...
Itseemsthattheyarelookingforsomething.
他們仿佛在尋找什么東西。
Itseemedtohimthathehadneverworkedsohardinhislife.
他似乎一輩子都沒(méi)有這么努力地工作過(guò)。
Itdoesn’tseemthatwecangetourmoneyback.
=Itseemsthatwecannotgetourmoneyback.
看來(lái)我們的錢弄不回來(lái)了。
②Itseems/seemedasif....
Itseemsasiftheweatherisimproving.看來(lái)天要好轉(zhuǎn)了。
③Thereseems（tobe）....
Thereseemstobenoworkforyoutodohere.
看來(lái)這兒沒(méi)有工作需要你做了。
5.injure
injure，hurt和wound辨析：
injure傷害，損害（感情），毀壞（名譽(yù)）。常指各種性質(zhì)的身體上或精神上的傷害，常用于意外受傷。是及物動(dòng)詞。
IhopeIdidn’tinjureherfeelings.
我希望我沒(méi)有傷害她的感情。
Thefootballplayerwasinjuredinhisrightleg.
那位足球選手的右腿受了傷。
hurt傷害。沒(méi)有injure正式，常用于口語(yǔ)。可用于指大、小傷害，也可指精神上的痛苦或感情上的傷害，可用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞。
Hehurthisfootwhenjumpingoverthefence.
他在跳籬笆時(shí)傷了腳。
Hiswordshurtme.
他的話傷了我的心。
Myheadhurtsbadly.
我頭疼得厲害。
wound受傷，傷害，損害。一般指打傷、刀傷等外傷，尤指戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上負(fù)傷；還可用于比喻，指精神上的創(chuàng)傷。是及物動(dòng)詞。
Thesoldierswoundedinthebattleweretakencareofbythenurse.
戰(zhàn)斗中受傷的戰(zhàn)士們由護(hù)士在照料。
Hefeltwoundedinhishonour.
他覺(jué)得他的榮譽(yù)受到傷害。

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars(Period3　Learning

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

Period3　Learningaboutlanguage:Grammar

整體設(shè)計(jì)
教材分析
Thisisthethirdteachingperiodofthisunit.Totestwhetherstudentshavegraspedtheimportantanddifficultlanguagepointstheylearnedinthelastperiod,theteachershouldfirstofferthemsomerevisionexercises.Thenleadinthenewlesson.
Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththefollowing:1.Reviewingnounclausesastheobjectandasthepredicative;2.Learningthenewgrammaritems:nounclausesasthesubject.Studentsoftenfeelnounclausesabstractanddifficulttolearn,soitisnecessarytomakethelessoninterestingandlively,andconnectitwiththeirdailylifeinordertoletiteasytoacceptandunderstand.Firstly,theteachercanaskstudentstoreadthepassageHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHagain,tickoutallthesentencesfromthepassagewherenounclausesareusedasthesubject,andthentranslatethemintoChinese.Secondly,compareanddiscovertheusesofeachnounclausebygivingalotofexamplesentences.Thirdly,dotheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage29andmoreexercisesforstudentstomastertherelatednounclauses.Finally,summarizetheuseofnounclausesasthesubjectandletstudentsmakeitclearhoweachnounclauseisbeingusedinthesituations.
Attheendoftheclass,askstudentstodotheexercisesinUsingstructuresonPage64andmoreadditionalexercisesforconsolidation.
教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
Getstudentstounderstandandusenounclausesasthesubject.
教學(xué)難點(diǎn)
Enablestudentstolearnhowtousenounclausesasthesubjectcorrectly.
三維目標(biāo)
知識(shí)目標(biāo)
1.Getstudentstoknowmoreaboutnounclauses.
2.Letstudentslearnnounclausesasthesubject.
Whatitwastobecomewasamystery...
...itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.
能力目標(biāo)
Enablestudentstousenounclausesasthesubjectcorrectlyandproperlyaccordingtothecontext.
情感目標(biāo)
1.Getstudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.
2.Developstudents’senseofgroupcooperation.

教學(xué)過(guò)程
設(shè)計(jì)方案（一）
→Step1Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.
3.Translatethefollowingsentences.
1)你早晚會(huì)來(lái)的。
2)我的車與你的不一樣。
3)他總是第一個(gè)來(lái),最后一個(gè)走。
4)他來(lái)不來(lái)還不清楚。
5)我們的成敗取決于是否每個(gè)人都努力工作。
6)我們必須采取措施防止這種疾病的蔓延。
Suggestedanswers:
1)Youwillcomehereintime.
2)Mycarisdifferentfromyours.
3)Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttogo.
4)Itisnotclearwhetherhecomesornot.
5)Oursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.
6)Wemusttakeactionstopreventthisdisease(from)spreading.
→Step2Preparation
Showsomesentencesonthescreen.Askstudentstoreadeachofthemandthenfindoutitssubject.
Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.
Youareastudent.
Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.
Smokingisbadforyou.
“Howdoyoudo?”isagreeting.
Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.
Thatweshallbelateiscertain.
It’scertainthatweshallbelate.
→Step3Grammarlearning
1.Readinganddiscovering
AskstudentstoturnbacktoPage25toreadthroughthereadingpassageandfindallthesentenceswherenounclausesareusedasthesubjectandunderlinethem.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.
Suggestedanswers:
1)Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.
地球會(huì)變成什么（樣子）,直到45億至38億年前這個(gè)云團(tuán)變成一個(gè)固體的球狀物,才確定下來(lái)。
2)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.
地球變得激烈動(dòng)蕩,不知道這個(gè)固體形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)存在下去。
3)Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.
更重要的是,隨著地球的冷卻,地球的表面就開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了水。
4)Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.
水對(duì)于生命的發(fā)展會(huì)起關(guān)鍵作用,這一點(diǎn)在當(dāng)時(shí)并不明顯。
5)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.
很多科學(xué)家相信,由于地球上長(zhǎng)期有水存在,使地球得以把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。
6)Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.
為什么他們突然消失了,至今還是個(gè)謎。
7)Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.
所以,在未來(lái)的數(shù)百萬(wàn)年中,生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個(gè)問(wèn)題能否得到解決。
2.Thinkinganddiscussing
Letstudentsreadaloudthesentencestheypickedout,thinkoveranddiscusswithapartnerhoweachofthesenounclausesisbeingusedinthesituations.Ifstudentshavesomedifficulty,givethemahand.
3.Summingup:nounclausesasthesubject.
主語(yǔ)從句
作主語(yǔ)用的名詞性從句,因其在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ),又稱主語(yǔ)從句。
（1）連接詞:
1)從屬連詞that,whether等。
that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句只起引導(dǎo)作用,本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義,在主語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,但不能省略。
Thatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart.
她的離開(kāi)使他很傷心。
由whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句放在句首、句末都可。
Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay./Itisnoteasytosaywhetheritwillpleasethem.
很難說(shuō)這會(huì)不會(huì)使他們高興。
2)連接代詞who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等。
Whatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.
對(duì)某些人看來(lái)很容易的事,對(duì)另外一些人可能很困難。
3)連接副詞when,where,how,why等。
Whyhediditremainsamystery.
他為什么做那件事依然是個(gè)謎。
（2）位置
主語(yǔ)從句可以前置,也可以后置。用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把主語(yǔ)從句放在句末,常用下面幾種句型:
1)It+be+表語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)從句
Itisstilluncertainwhetherheiscomingornot.
他是不是來(lái)還沒(méi)有確定。
2)It+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)從句
Ithappensthattheywereabsent.
他們碰巧缺席了。
3)It+及物動(dòng)詞（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）+主語(yǔ)從句
IthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays.
現(xiàn)經(jīng)決定展覽會(huì)星期日不開(kāi)放。
注意:
1)主語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí),必須由連接詞引導(dǎo),不能省略這些連接詞;但是如果用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把主語(yǔ)從句放在句末時(shí),從屬連詞that可以省略。
他們相互喜愛(ài)是很自然的。
誤:Theyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.
正:Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.
正:Itisnatural(that)theyshouldlikeeachother.
2)如果主語(yǔ)從句放在句首,不能用if引導(dǎo);但是如果用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把主語(yǔ)從句放在句末時(shí),也可以用if引導(dǎo)。
瑪麗是不是真聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他了,很值得懷疑。
誤:IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.
正:WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.
正:Itwasdoubtfulwhether/ifMaryreallyheardhim.
→Step4Grammarpractice
1.TurntoPage29.AskstudentstodoExercise2andExercise3inDiscoveringusefulstructures.Firstletthemfinishthemindividually.Thenchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.Givesomeexplanationsifnecessary.
2.TurntoPage64.AskstudentstodoExercise1andExercise2.Checktheanswersaftermostofthemfinish.
→Step5Discussion
Letstudentshaveadiscussioningroups.Thetopicis“Myproblem”.Onetalksabouttheproblemsinhisstudyorlife.Theothersshouldgivesomeadviceorsuggestions.Remindstudentstousethefollowingstructures:
(Showthefollowingonthescreentohelpstudents.)
Thefactis/Itisafactthat...
Thedifficultyis.../WhatIfinddifficultis...
Thetroubleis.../Whatworriesmeis...
Mysuggestionis.../WhatIwouldsuggestis...
Myadviceis.../WhatIwouldadviseis...
Ithinkthat.../WhatIthinkis...
Iwanttotellyouthat.../WhatIwanttosayis...
→Step6Closingdownbyaquiz
Showthefollowingexercisesonthescreen.Letstudentsfinishthemwithinthreeminutes.Threeminuteslater,checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.
1.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter______________thatI’mtalkingto.
A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom
2.Itisprettywellunderstood______________controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.
A.that
B.when
C.what
D.how
3.______________madetheschoolproudwas______________morethan90％ofstudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.
A.What;because
B.What;that
C.That;what
D.That;because
4.______________teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionship.
A.Nomatterwhat
B.Nomatterwhich
C.Whatever
D.Whichever
5.______________isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.
A.As
B.That
C.This
D.It
6.______________Ican’tunderstandis______________hechangedhismind.
A.That;that
B.What;why
C.Which;how
D.That;why
Suggestedanswers:BCBDDB
→Step7Homework
1.Finishofftheworkbookexercises.
2.PreviewthereadingpassageAVISITTOTHEMOONonPage30,findthesentencesinwhichnounclausesareused,andseeifyoucanunderstandthem.
設(shè)計(jì)方案（二）
→Step1Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.
1)太陽(yáng)系
2)及時(shí);終于
3)下蛋
4)產(chǎn)生;分娩
5)輪到某人;接著
6)總有一天我會(huì)遇見(jiàn)他。
7)都市生活與鄉(xiāng)村生活是非常不同的。
8)他們不應(yīng)該允許在這條街上停車,街道太窄了。
9)他的心臟病痛沒(méi)能阻止他第二天去上課。
10)在未來(lái)的數(shù)百萬(wàn)年中,生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個(gè)問(wèn)題能否得到解決。
Suggestedanswers:
1)solarsystem
2)intime
3)layeggs
4)givebirthto
5)inone’sturn
6)I’llseehimintime.
7)Citylifeisquitedifferentfromcountrylife.
8)Theyshouldn’tallowparkinginthisstreet.It’stoonarrow.
9)Hishearttroubledidnotpreventhim(from)goingtoclassthenextday.
10)Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.
→Step2Warmingupbyagame
Letstudentsworkinpairs.Onetalksabouttheproblemsinhisstudyorlife.Theothershouldgivesomeadviceorsuggestions.Encouragethemtousewhat-clausesasthesubject.
Example:
S1:WhatIfinddifficultis.../Whatworriesmeis...
S2:WhatIwouldsuggestis.../WhatIwouldadviseis...
→Step3Discoveringusefulstructures
Askstudentstofindoutthesentencescontainingnounclausesasthesubjectinthereadingpassageandunderlinethem.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.
→Step4Learningtheuseofnounclausesasthesubject
1.AskstudentstoturntoPage92andlearnpart3TheSubjectClausebythemselves.
2.Encouragethemtoaskasmanyquestionsaspossible.Givethemexplanationsifnecessary.
3.Letthemdosomeadditionalexercises.
4.Sumup.
→Step5Practice
Askstudentstofinishthefollowingexerciseswithin10minutes.Thenchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.
1.Exercises2and3inDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage13.
2.Exercise1inUsingstructuresonPage64.
→Step6Consolidation
Letstudentsworkinpairstomakesentenceswithnounclausesasthesubjecttofillintheblanks.
1.What_____________________________isastronomy.
2.When_____________________________hasn’tbeendecodedyet.
3.Whether_____________________________dependsonyourbehavior.
4.How_____________________________isapersonaldecision.
5.Why_____________________________apuzzletous.
6.It’sfunnythat_____________________________.
7.Itworriesusthat_____________________________.
8.Itappearsthat_____________________________.
→Step7Homework
1.FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.
2.Makeuseofdifferentlearningresourcestohaveaninquirystudyofthesubjectclause,andsummarizetherulesofit.

板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)
Unit4　Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
Grammar:nounclausesasthesubject
連接詞例句
從屬連詞:that,whetherThatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart.
Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.
連接代詞:who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whicheverWhatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.
連接副詞:when,where,how,whyWhyhediditremainsamystery.
it作形式主語(yǔ)
It+be+表語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)從句Itisstilluncertainwhetherheiscomingornot.
It+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)從句Ithappensthattheywereabsent.
It+及物動(dòng)詞（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）+主語(yǔ)從句IthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays.
活動(dòng)與探究
SupposeyouaretodesignanactivityforyourschoolonEarthDay,whichisintendedtocallonteachersandstudentstoprotecttheearth.Workingroupsandchooseareporterofyourgrouptoreportyourwork.Thefollowingpointsshouldbeincludedinthereportofyouractivity:
whattheactivityisabout;
whytheactivityisdesigned;
whenandwheretodotheactivity;
whotakespartintheactivity;
whattobedoneintheactivity.

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars(Period5　Using&nb

一名優(yōu)秀的教師在教學(xué)方面無(wú)論做什么事都有計(jì)劃和準(zhǔn)備，高中教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案，這是老師職責(zé)的一部分。教案可以讓學(xué)生們充分體會(huì)到學(xué)習(xí)的快樂(lè)，幫助高中教師掌握上課時(shí)的教學(xué)節(jié)奏。高中教案的內(nèi)容具體要怎樣寫(xiě)呢？以下是小編為大家精心整理的“Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars(Period5　Using&nb”，大家不妨來(lái)參考。希望您能喜歡！

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

Period5　Usinglanguage:Extensivereading

整體設(shè)計(jì)
教材分析
Thisisthefifthteachingperiodofthisunit.Asusual,theteachershouldcheckstudents’homeworkandofferchancesforthemtogooverwhattheylearnedinthelastperiodatthebeginningoftheclass.Thenleadinthenewlesson.
Inthisperiod,theteachingemphasiswillbeputondevelopingstudents’readingabilitybyreadingextensively.Wewilldealwithtwoparts:AVISITTOTHEMOONinUsinglanguageonPages30-31andCAUGHTBYABLACKHOLEinReadingTaskonPage66.Whilereading,getstudentslearningtousesomereadingstrategiessuchasskimming,scanning,andsoon.Astonewwordsandphrases,theteachercanfirstfindthosestudentsfeelmostdifficultandhelpthemtounderstand.That’senoughhere.ThereadingpassageAVISITTOTHEMOONisasciencefictionstorywhichimagineswhatitmightbelikeifanastronautvisitedthemoon.Thepurposeofsciencefictionwritingistocombinefactswithastorytomakestudentsinterestedandexcitedabouttravelinspace.Itisalsotostimulateaweandwonderintothevastnessofspace.Asthisreadingusestheinformationstudentshavegainedfromthelistening,theteachercanfirstasksomestudentstoretellthelisteningtexttoleadinthetopicandthenaskstudentstoreadthepassageanddosomecomprehendingexercises.Whilecheckingtheiranswerswiththewholeclass,dealwithlanguageproblemsstudentscan’tworkoutbythemselves.Thisisanextensivereadinglesson,sotheteachingstepsshouldbesimple.AstothepassageCAUGHTBYABLACKHOLE,itistocontinuetheabovestory.Theastronomersinthestoryvisitaplaceinspace,whichseemsimpossibleforpeopletoreach,the“blackhole”.Itistohelpstudentsimaginewhatitislikeneara“blackhole”.Askstudentstoreadthroughthepassageandtrytoknowmoreaboutastronomyandgravity.
Attheendoftheclass,askstudentstoretellthetwopassages.Inordertoarousestudents’interest,theteachercanholdacompetitionamongthem.
教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
1.Developstudents’readingskillsbyextensivereading.
2.Letstudentsreadandunderstandthetwopassages.
教學(xué)難點(diǎn)
1.Enablestudentstolearntousereadingstrategiessuchasskimming,scanning,andsoon.
2.Getstudentstounderstandthesciencefictionstoriesinthisunit.
三維目標(biāo)
知識(shí)目標(biāo)
1.Getstudentstolearnsomeusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispart:spaceship,pull,float,mass,cheerup,nowthat,breakout
2.Getstudentstoreadthesciencefictionstories.
能力目標(biāo)
1.Developstudents’readingskillsbyextensivereadingandenablethemtolearnhowtousedifferentreadingskillstoreaddifferentreadingmaterials.
2.Havestudentslearntousetheusefulnewwordsandexpressionscorrectly.
3.Enablestudentstounderstandthepassagesandknowmoreaboutastronomyandgravity.
情感目標(biāo)
1.Stimulatestudents’interestinastronomyandspacetravel.
2.Developstudents’senseofgroupcooperationandteamwork.

教學(xué)過(guò)程
→Step1Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.Asksomepairsofstudentstocometothefrontandactouttheirdialoguetoreviewtheexpressionsofgivinginstructions.
3.HavesomestudentstalkaboutIsaacNewton,AlbertEinsteinandStephenHawkingaswellastheirideasongravity.
→Step2Warmingup
Letstudentstobrainstormthefollowingquestions:
Whatcountryfirstsentpeopleintospace?
Howmanycountrieshavesucceededinsendingpeopleintospacesofar?
Whofirstlandedonthemoon?
WhoisthefirstChineseastronauttogointospace?
Doyouwanttovisitthemoon?
→Step3Reading
1.AskstudentstoreadthepassageandthendescribethethreewaysinwhichgravitychangedforLiYanpingandhowhisweightchanged.
1)WritedownthethreewaysinwhichgravitychangedforLiYanping.

Thewaygravitychanged
Lefttheearth
Inspace
Onthemoon

Suggestedanswers:
Thewaygravitychanged
LefttheearthThegravitybecameverystrong.
InspaceThegravitydisappeared.
OnthemoonThegravitybecameverylight.
2)Hisweightchangedthreetimes,too.Nowwritethemdown.

Howhisweightchanged
Lefttheearth
Inspace
Onthemoon

Suggestedanswers:

Howhisweightchanged
LefttheearthHebecameveryheavy.
InspaceHehadnoweightandcouldfloataroundlikeafeather.
OnthemoonHewasaboutone-sixthofhisweightontheearth.
2.Askstudentstoreadthepassagealoudtothetapeandunderlinealltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsinthepassage.Letstudentsreadthemaloudandcopythemdownintheirexercisebookafterclassashomework.Trytokeeptheminmind.
Collocations:beluckyenoughtodo,haveachance,makeatripintospace,explainsth.tosb.,theforceofgravity,beoff,thepulloftheearth’sgravity,fallbacktotheearth,falltotheground,toofarfromtheearth,asif,atall,getcloseto,cheerup,comeon,lessthan,downthesteps,stepforward,twiceasfaras,fallover,abitof,nowthat,afterawhile,getthehangof,breakout,ontheoutsideof,bepushedinto
→Step4Importantlanguagepoints
1.Beforeweleft,LiYanpingexplainedtomethattheforceofgravitywouldchangethreetimesonourjourneyandthatthefirstchangewouldbethemostpowerful.
在啟程以前,李彥平向我解釋說(shuō),在我們的航行中會(huì)有三次引力的改變,而第一次的改變將是最強(qiáng)的。
句子中thattheforceofgravitywouldchangethreetimesonourjourneyandthatthefirstchangewouldbethemostpowerful是兩個(gè)并列的that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,作動(dòng)詞explain的賓語(yǔ)。一個(gè)動(dòng)詞若帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,第二個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞that一般不省略。例如:
Thegirlstoldhim(that)theywereonatraintripacrossCanadaandthattheyhadonlyonedayinMontreal.
姑娘們告訴他,她們乘火車來(lái)旅游,要橫穿加拿大,在蒙特利爾待一天。
Iunderstandnotonly(that)youhavestudiedChinesebutalsothatyouhavewrittenChinesepoetry.
我知道,你不僅學(xué)了中文,而且還寫(xiě)中文詩(shī)。
2.Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.
我立刻感到很高興,由于失重我在太空艙里飄來(lái)飄去,我望著（身后的）地球越來(lái)越小,而（前方的）月球越來(lái)越大。
watchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ),在句中作狀語(yǔ)。
cheer(sb.)up:(causesb.to)becomehappierormorecheerful歡呼;喝彩;感到高興;使高興
Tryandcheerupabit;lifeisn’tthatbad!
想辦法高興點(diǎn),生活并不是那么糟！
Thecrowdcheeredupwhentheysawtheteamarrive.
當(dāng)看到球隊(duì)的到來(lái),人群歡呼起來(lái)。
Hetookhertotheconcerttocheerherup.
他帶她去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)來(lái)使她高興。
watch...do/doing觀看,注視
Wewatchedthesunsettingbehindthetrees.
我們看著太陽(yáng)正在樹(shù)后面落下。
Everydayastheywatchedtheplantgrow,theirheartsfilledwithhope.
每一天當(dāng)他們看到植物生長(zhǎng),他們的心里都充滿了希望。
3.“Ohdear,”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”
“天哪,”我大聲說(shuō),“重力改變了,看來(lái)走路也的確需要練一練了?！?br> now(that)...:becauseofthefact(that)...既然……;由于……
Now(that)everybodyishere,wecanbeginthemeeting.
既然每個(gè)人都到了,我們就可以開(kāi)始會(huì)議。
Now(that)youareabigboyyoumustbehavebetter.
由于你是一個(gè)大男孩,你就必須行為表現(xiàn)得更好。
4.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.
我們驚奇地看著,隨著地球引力的增加,宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。
句子中的asfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceship和astheearth’sgravityincreased均為as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。
amazed是過(guò)去分詞,在此處作狀語(yǔ)。
Hecameinunnoticed.
他神不知鬼不覺(jué)地走了進(jìn)來(lái)。
Manyheroeslieburiedinthechurchyard.
許多英雄埋葬在教堂的墓地里。
breakout:(ofviolentevents)startsuddenly（指激烈事件,如戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、疫情等）突然發(fā)生;爆發(fā)
Firebrokeoutduringthenight.
夜間突然發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。
Warbrokeoutin1939.
戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)于1939年。
Aquarrelbrokeoutsuddenlyatmidnight.
在深夜,突然有人吵架。
→Step5Readingtask
TurntoPage66.
1.Askstudentstoreadthepassageandanswerthetwoquestions.
1)Canablackholebeseen?Howdoyouknowit’sablackhole?
2)Whathappenedtothespaceshipfromthebeginningtotheend?
Suggestedanswers:
1)No,itcan’tbeseen.Youcanseethingsdisappearintowhatappearstobeemptyspace.
2)Atfirstthelightsonthespaceshipwentoutandthecomputerstoppedworking.Thenthespaceshipjumpedandbegantomovearoundtheedgeoftheoutsideofthehole.
Asthespaceshipmovedaroundthehole,itbegantogofasterandfaster.
Butthenthespaceshipjumpedagain,anditmovedsidewaysfromtheblackhole.Itbegantoincreaseitsspeeduntilitseemedtobegoingasfastaslight.
Atlastthespaceshipsloweddownandthecomputerstartedworkingagain.
2.Letstudentsreadthepassageagainanddothefollowing:
Supposeyouareascientistreadingthispassage.Usethischecklisttodiscoverthenewideasabout“blackholes”.Thenwritethemfortheotherscientiststoreadabout.
Oldideasabout“blackholes”Wasthiswhatwefound?Newideasabout“blackholes”
1.Blackholescannotbeseen.
2.Gravitypullsobjectstowardsthem.
3.Objectsgoroundoutsidetheedgeofthe“blackhole”.
4.Allobjectsmustgointothe“blackhole”whentheyarecaughtbyitsgravity.
3.Severalminuteslater,showtheanswersonthescreenandcheckthemwiththewholeclass.Atthesametime,dealwithanydifficultlanguagepointsthatstudentscan’tunderstand.
Suggestedanswers:

Oldideasabout“blackholes”Wasthiswhatwefound?Newideasabout“blackholes”
1.Blackholescannotbeseen.Yes
2.Gravitypullsobjectstowardsthem.Yes
3.Objectsgoroundoutsidetheedgeofthe“blackhole”.Yes
4.Allobjectsmustgointothe“blackhole”whentheyarecaughtbyitsgravity.YesTheycanbethrownfarfromthe“blackhole”bytheenergyinthe“blackhole”.
→Step6Consolidation
Askstudentstogobacktothetwopassages.Givethemseveralminutestobepreparedtoretellthewholestoryintheirownwords.Thenaskasmanystudentsaspossibletocometothefronttotellthestory.
→Step7Homework
1.FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.
2.Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.
3.Tellthestorytoyourfriendsorfamily.
板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)
Unit4　Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
ExtensiveReading
AVISITTOTHEMOON
1)WritedownthethreewaysinwhichgravitychangedforLiYanping.

Thewaygravitychanged
LefttheearthThegravitybecameverystrong.
InspaceThegravitydisappeared.
OnthemoonThegravitybecameverylight.
2)Hisweightchangedthreetimes,too.Nowwritethemdown.
Howhisweightchanged
LefttheearthHebecameveryheavy.
InspaceHehadnoweightandcouldfloataroundlikeafeather.
OnthemoonHewasaboutone-sixthofhisweightontheearth.
活動(dòng)與探究
GotothelibraryandsurftheInternettofindasmuchinformationasyoucanaboutspaceandthemoon.Andyouareexpectedtopresentittoyourteacherandclassmatesinthenextclass.