英語高中語法教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2020-12-09高考英語第二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)Unit4Cyberspace語法解讀。
Unit4Cyberspace語法解讀將來時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
本單元我們要學(xué)習(xí)will和begoingto對(duì)將來進(jìn)行推測(cè)的用法。除了這兩個(gè)之外,我們還可以用shall,beto,beaboutto來表示將來要發(fā)生的事。它們都可以用來表示將來,但用法上還是會(huì)有細(xì)微的差別,來看看下面的表格:
句 式
用 法
例 句
shall/will1)兩個(gè)都用來純粹表示將發(fā)生的事。2)shall常和第一人稱搭配使用,will可以和所有人稱搭配使用。與主觀愿望無關(guān),常用will。
Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?
今晚7點(diǎn)你會(huì)在家嗎?
WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?
我們應(yīng)該先讀哪一段?begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形
1)表示主語的意圖,即將做某事或打算做某事2)表示計(jì)劃、安排要發(fā)生的事3)表示有跡象要發(fā)生的事
Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?
你明天干什么?
Thematchisgoingtobecancellednextmonth.
下個(gè)月的比賽要取消了。Lookatthedarkclouds;thereisgoingtobeastorm.beto+動(dòng)詞原形
指按計(jì)劃或正安排將要發(fā)生的事,常指客觀安排。
WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.
我們下周六討論這個(gè)報(bào)告。beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形
指馬上做某事,就要發(fā)生。不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。
HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.
他要離開北京了。
條件狀語從句
條件狀語從句分為真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種,在非真實(shí)的條件句中需要用虛擬語氣。
一、如何判斷這兩種從句的類型
1)通過句子的意思,看假設(shè)的條件是否能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn),如果能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)是真實(shí)條件句,不能使用虛擬語氣;如果假設(shè)的條件不能實(shí)現(xiàn)則是非真實(shí)條件句,要用虛擬語氣。
2)判斷這個(gè)假設(shè)是與哪個(gè)事實(shí)相反;通常有三種情況:①與過去事實(shí)相反;②與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反;③與將來事實(shí)可能相反。
二、真實(shí)條件句
真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語氣,假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生,其中if是“如果”的意思。
條件從句
主句
意義
例句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形
未來可能發(fā)生的情況
Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.
如果他來,他會(huì)帶他的小提琴。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
祈使句
用于向某人提供建議、命令
Ifyouknowtheanswer,putupyourhands.
如果你知道答案,舉手。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
表示根據(jù)條件,經(jīng)常或總是會(huì)發(fā)生的事或是真理。
Iflionsarehungry,theyhuntotheranimals.如果獅子餓了,它們就獵食其他動(dòng)物。注意:在真實(shí)條件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示將來,該用shall,will。
(錯(cuò))Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.
(對(duì))Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.
如果你現(xiàn)在離開,你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)后悔。
三、非真實(shí)條件句用虛擬語氣
1.if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句可以表示過去、現(xiàn)在和將來的情況。它的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)推?后。如:?
Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
如果他們?cè)?他們會(huì)幫助你的。
Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.(與過去事實(shí)相反)
如果你再小心一點(diǎn)的話,米飯是不會(huì)燒糊的。
Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.(與將來事實(shí)相反)
如果將來你成功了,一切都會(huì)好的。
時(shí)間段
條件狀語從句
主 句
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
If+主語+did/were(動(dòng)詞過去時(shí))
主語+would/should+動(dòng)詞原形do/be與過去事實(shí)相反
If+主語+haddone/been(動(dòng)詞過去完成時(shí))
主語+would/should+過去分詞havedone/been與將來事實(shí)相反If+主語+wereto+do(動(dòng)詞原形)should+do/be(動(dòng)詞原形)主語+would/should+動(dòng)詞原形do/be2.在wish后的賓語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí),表示目前事與愿違,用過去完成時(shí),表示過去某事與愿望相反,即相對(duì)于說話時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)往前移(現(xiàn)在→過去,過去→過去的過去)。
3.在suggest,propose(建議),order,demand(命令),request,require,demand,desire(要求),insist(堅(jiān)持)和prefer之后的賓語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用原形(should+原形)。
記憶要訣wish愿望句,
時(shí)態(tài)往前移,
建議命令和要求,
堅(jiān)持動(dòng)詞用原形(should+原形)。
4.若干固定句中的虛擬語氣
句式
動(dòng)詞形
意義
Ifitwerenotfor
主句would+原形要不是……
Itishadnotbeenfor
主句would+have+過去分詞要不是……
Itistimethat...
過去或should+原形現(xiàn)在該……是……的時(shí)候了
wouldratherthat...
過去表示現(xiàn)在的情況
過去完成表示過去的情況
但愿……
寧愿……
Ifonly..
過去表示現(xiàn)在的情況
過去完成表示過去的情況
……那該多好
……那就好了
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高考英語第二輪寫作專題復(fù)習(xí)
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山東省惠民二中高三英語復(fù)習(xí)之寫作學(xué)案(十)
高三英語山東惠民縣第二中學(xué)高三英語備課組
強(qiáng)化專練
動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)(n./adj./adv./-ing/-ed/todo)
一填空
1.Wethepopsinger.我們希望這位歌手成功。
2.Hemehimafter10o’clock.他叫我十點(diǎn)后別給他打電話。
3.Herfatherherdrawingafterschool.他父親讓他放學(xué)后學(xué)畫畫。
4.WhenIcamein,Ihimaletter.我進(jìn)來時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)他正在寫信。
5.HespokesimpleEnglishinordertohimself.為了讓他自己被理解他說簡(jiǎn)單的英語。
6.Mybikeisbroken,I’llittomorrow.我的自行車壞了,我明天去修。
7.Weworkhardtoourcountry.我們努力工作是為了使我們國(guó)家更強(qiáng)。
二翻譯句子
1這個(gè)消息使她高興。
2她叫我把窗戶打開。
3我們選這位年輕人當(dāng)我們經(jīng)理。
4我們認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)不容易學(xué)。
5我認(rèn)為本月內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作有困難。
6。我的自行車壞了,我要請(qǐng)人修。
7我發(fā)覺有許多人站在學(xué)校大門口。
8我的朋友鼓勵(lì)我學(xué)好英語。
9.老板讓工人們一天工作12小時(shí)。
10.我們進(jìn)去時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他被綁在椅子上。(find)
11.做游戲時(shí),有些孩子閉上眼睛。(keep)
12.我們選劉雷當(dāng)主席。
13.他昨天理了發(fā)。
高級(jí)句子結(jié)構(gòu)
利用以下各招可給句子添色,讓句子靚起來。
1.使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
用do,does,did強(qiáng)調(diào)一般時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞;用itis...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語之外的各種句子成分。
2.使用倒裝句。
OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.只有用這種方法我們才可以學(xué)好英語。
3.使用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
Withthenoisegoingon,Icouldn’tgoonstudying.由于那噪音的持續(xù),我無法繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。
4.使用非謂語動(dòng)詞。
Locatedatthesouthwestcornerofourschool,thebotanicalgardenhasanareaof1000squaremetres.校園西南角/面積1000平方米。
5.恰當(dāng)使用被動(dòng)句。
Aboveall,somethingmustbedonetostoppolluting.最重要的是,必須釆取某些措施來阻止污染。
6.使用各類從句,如使用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
There’remanykindsofteainChina,ofwhichLongjingTeaisfamousallovertheworld.中國(guó)的茶葉有很多種,其中龍井茶是世界著名的。
7.“數(shù)詞+名詞”改用“asmanyas+數(shù)詞+名詞”。
Agreatnumberofbuildingsweredestroyed,leavingasmanyas10,000,000peoplehomeless.請(qǐng)多房屋被摧毀,使多達(dá)千萬的人失去家園。
8.使用what引導(dǎo)的主語從句。
Whatsurprisedmegreatlywastofindshewassuchafineswimmer.使我大為吃驚的是,我發(fā)現(xiàn)她竟是一位優(yōu)秀的游泳選手。
9.適當(dāng)使用插入語。如Iguess,Ithink,Ibelieve,however,inmyopinion,inotherwords,thatistosay,generallyspeaking,believeitornot,totellyouthetruth,tobehonest,asweknow,what’sworse等。
即時(shí)練習(xí)
使用上述潤(rùn)色技巧,合并或改寫下列句子。
1.IrealizedtheimportanceofEnglishwhenIenteredseniorhighschool.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
2.Wecanliveahappylifeonlybythismeans.(倒裝)
3.Hefellasleep.Thelightswerestillon.(with結(jié)構(gòu))
4.WhenIheardthat,Iwasmuchmoved.(非謂語動(dòng)詞)
5.Theycarriedoutasurveyamong260students.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
6.Theywerefacedwithmanyproblems.Theydidn’tloseheart.(非謂語動(dòng)詞)
7.Itwasgettingdark.Anditbegantorain.(插入語)
高考英語第二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)詞匯講義
詞匯講義
I押韻題型(押頭韻、押尾韻);
答案總在相似中,如果有三個(gè)一樣,基本上就在其中了。
54.Therainwasheavyand_A_thelandwasflooded.
AconsequentlyBcontinuouslyCconstantlyDconsistently
continuev.繼續(xù),連續(xù);continuallyadv.不斷地,頻繁地(時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)地);continuouslyadv.連續(xù)不斷地。
說不停的咳嗽時(shí),continually是間歇的時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的咳嗽,continuously是一直不停的咳嗽。
consequentlyadv.因此,所以;(heavyrain大雨,lightrain小雨)
constantlyadv.始終如一地,連續(xù)發(fā)生地;constanttemperature恒溫
consistentlyadv.一貫地,一致地;consistentadj.consistentpolicy一貫的政策。
36.Ihatepeoplewho_C_theendofafilmthatyouhaventseenbefore.
AreviseBrewriteCrevealDreverse
rewritev.重寫,改寫;revisevt.修改,修正;revealvt.揭示,揭露;
reversevt.顛倒,使反轉(zhuǎn),使反向。(vers是詞根,表示轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng);re是前綴,表示向相反方向)
42.Therewerenotickets_D_forFriday’sperformance.
ApreferableBconsiderableCpossibleDavailable
performancen.表演,演出,演奏;performvt.possibleadj.可能的
動(dòng)詞后加able構(gòu)成形容詞通常表示“可…的”read-readableaccept-acceptable
considervt.考慮;considerableadj.(數(shù)量或尺寸)相當(dāng)大(或多)的。
preferableadj.更好的,更可取的;
Povertyispreferabletopoorhealth.
貧窮總比不健康好。
available*adj.可獲得的,可利用的,可支配的。(重點(diǎn)詞)
33.Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal_D_forlivingexpenses.
AacceptableBapplicableCadvisableDavailable
livingexpenses生活費(fèi);
acceptableadj.可接受的;applyvt.申請(qǐng),應(yīng)用;
applicableadj.可應(yīng)用的,適當(dāng)?shù)?,合適的;
anapplicablerule切實(shí)可行的規(guī)則。asolutionthatisapplicabletotheproblem適合于這個(gè)問題的解決方法。
advisevt.建議;advicen.建議;advisableadj.明智的,可取的。
54.Itisour_A_policythatwewillachieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans.
AconsistentBcontinuousCconsiderateDcontinual
achieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans通過和平手段取得統(tǒng)一;consistentpolicy一貫政策
65.InBritain,thebestseasonoftheyearisprobably_A_spring.
AlateBlastClatterDlater
lateadj.晚的,晚于通常時(shí)間的;latespring晚春、暮春;lastadj.最后的,最終的;
lateradj.更晚的(late的比較級(jí))、時(shí)間概念后一半的;只適用于表示某個(gè)世紀(jì)的后半期;
Thelatertwentiethcentury.二十世紀(jì)的后一半。
latteradj.(兩者中)后者的;formeradj.(兩者中)前者的;
59.SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderful_B_inthemarket.
AbatteriesBbargainsCbasketsDbarrels
batteryn.電池;bargainn.特價(jià)商品;It’sreallyabargain.你真會(huì)買東西,不是說真便宜。
basketn.籃子;barreln.桶;wonderfulbargain物美價(jià)廉的商品;bargainv.討價(jià)還價(jià);
53.Rememberthatcustomersdon’t_D_aboutpricesinthatcity.
AdebateBconsultCdisputeDbargain
II構(gòu)詞法題型(詞的轉(zhuǎn)化,合成,派生);
構(gòu)成符合形容詞的名詞和數(shù)量詞一律用單數(shù)。(見下面2個(gè)例題)
31.Despitethewonderfulactingandwell-developedplotthe_B_moviecouldnotholdourattention.
Athree-hoursBthree-hourCthree-hours’Dthree-hour’s
用連字號(hào)構(gòu)成的形容詞中的名詞一般不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Athree-dayjourney=athreedays’journey
Atwo-hourmeeting=atwohours’meeting
都是“不管,盡管,任憑”
despite和inspiteof后面都接名詞性成分如名詞、動(dòng)名詞、名詞性從句用法基本一致但他們后面接句子一般用despite/inspiteofthefactthat的結(jié)構(gòu)that后是同位語從句這樣比較正式
Englishbecametheofficiallanguageinspiteof/despitethefactthatthepopulationislargelychinese.
267.ProfessorWhitewrotea_C_reportyesterday.
Atwo-thousand-wordsBtwo-thousands-word
Ctwo-thousand-wordDtwo-thousands-words
56._B_hissister,Jackisquietanddoesnoteasilymakefriendswithothers.
ADislikeBUnlikeCAlikeDLiking
likevt.喜歡;dislikevt.不喜歡,厭惡;unlikeprep.不象…;
alikeadj.adv.同樣的(地),相象的(地);Thetwinsaresoalike.
likingn.愛好,嗜好
III近義詞含義比較;
44.Thereweresome_A_flowersonthetable.
AartificialBunnaturalCfalseDunreal
unrealadj.不真實(shí)的(不是真實(shí)世界所擁有的,虛幻的);
falseadj.具有欺騙性的,假的,偽造的;falsepassport/evidence,falseteeth
unnaturaladj.不自然的,經(jīng)常用來修飾人的行為舉止,表示做作的,矯揉造作的。
artificialadj.人造人為的artificialleg假肢artificialleather人造皮genuineleather真皮
54.Whenpeoplebecomeunemployed,itis_C_whichisoftenworsethanlackofwages.
AlazinessBpovertyCidlenessDinability
lazinessn.懶惰;povertyn.貧窮;pooradj.貧窮的;
idlenessn.無事可做(中性,有時(shí)也有貶義含義);inabilityn.沒有能力,沒有辦法。
IV搭配關(guān)系問題;
extentn.程度;to...extent到達(dá)…程度,在…程度之上;extent只能和to搭配。
Toacertainextent,Iamresponsibleforthedelay.
在一定程度上,我對(duì)拖延負(fù)有責(zé)任。
objectvi.反對(duì);object+to+動(dòng)名詞(動(dòng)詞的ing形式)。
Peopleobjecttosmoking.
越來越多的人反對(duì)吸煙。
objectionn.反對(duì);objection+to+動(dòng)名詞(動(dòng)詞的ing形式)。
Thereisnoobjectiontoyouropeningthewindow.///
你開窗沒有什么不可以的。
V形相近,意相遠(yuǎn);
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41.Thebridgewasnamed_A_theherowhogavehislifeforthecauseofthepeople.
AafterBwithCbyDfrom
cause事業(yè);benamedafter以…的名字命名;
42.Therewerenotickets_D_forFriday’sperformance.
ApreferableBconsiderableCpossibleDavailable
preferableadj.更好的,更可取的;
358._C_theRevolutionaryWar,theUnitedStateswasanEnglishcolony.
AInferiortoBSuperiortoCPriortoDPreferableto
具有比較意味的形容詞只要與介詞to搭配即可表示其比較級(jí)。super-表示在…上方,超過…
inferioradj.低于…的,劣于…的;superioradj.高于…的,優(yōu)于…的;prioradj.在…之前的
RevolutionaryWar特指美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng);secondadj.第二的(含有比較意味,也與to搭配)
30.Cancerissecondonly_B_heartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.
AofBtoCwithDfrom
besecondto僅次于
Heissecondtonone.首屈一指,無與倫比;
43.Itwasntsuchagooddinner_C_shehadpromisedus.
AthatBwhichCasDwhat
such…that…如此…以至于…;
59.Americanwomenwere_D_therighttovoteuntil1920aftermanyyearsofhardstruggle.[therighttovote選舉權(quán)]
AignoredBneglectedCrefusedDdenied
sb+be+___+sth空格處應(yīng)為能加雙賓語的動(dòng)詞;
denyv.否認(rèn),拒絕;denysbsth拒絕給予某人某物;
refuse表示拒絕時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀的意愿,deny表示“拒絕”時(shí)相對(duì)客觀,是客觀條件的限制,使得拒絕。
一些特殊的動(dòng)詞:
第一點(diǎn):forget忘記;[反義]remember記得;
這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為;這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過的事情。
注意:動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣,但含義不同。這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式都是動(dòng)名詞。
forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事;forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事;
remembertodosth.記得要去做某事;rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事;
62.Iremember_B_tohelpusifweevergotintotrouble.
AonceofferingBhimonceofferingChimtoofferDtoofferhim
offervt.提出,提供;offersb.sth./offertodosth.
himonceoffering如果改成hisonceoffering也正確。
動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):凡是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面可以加動(dòng)名詞,就可以加動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
動(dòng)作發(fā)出者+動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者名字給出時(shí):名詞所有格+動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn),且動(dòng)作發(fā)出者在前文中提過時(shí):形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+動(dòng)名詞。
形容詞物主代詞:his,her,my,your,their,our。代詞賓格:him,her,me,you,us,them。
第二點(diǎn):want想要;wanttodosth.想做某事;wantdoing客觀需要或缺乏。
48.Yourhairwants_B_.Youdbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.
AcutBcuttingCtocutDbeingcut
注意:wantdoing中doing表示的是被動(dòng)含義。
18.Thisroomissodirtythatitwants_A_.
AcleaningBtocleanCbeingcleanedDcleaned
第三點(diǎn):mean意味;meantodosth.打算做某事,意欲…;meandoing意味著,…的意思是…
25.TheresamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans_B_trouble.[receptiondesk接待臺(tái)]
AmakingBtomakeCtohavemadeDhavingmade
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55.Thechildrenwenttheretowatchtheirontower_D_.
AtoerectBbeerectedCerectingDbeingerected
watch看電視用,看比賽用;see看電影用;
感官動(dòng)詞watch,see,hear;感官動(dòng)詞+名詞(代詞)+do
beerected強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果;beingerected強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過程。
56.Theengine_D_smokeandsteam.
AgivesupBgivesinCgivesawayDgivesoff
giveup放棄;givein屈服,讓步;giveoff釋放,放出(煙和氣體);
giveaway泄露,走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈(zèng)送禮品。
57.Themanagerpromisedtokeepme_C_ofhowourbusinesswasgoingon.
AtobeinformedBoninformingCinformedDinforming
keepsb.+分詞;informv.通知,告知;informsb.ofsth.通知某人某件事情
keepmeinformed使我被告知。
61.Ishouldliketorentahouse,modern,comfortableand_B_inaquietneighborhood.
AallinallBaboveallCafterallDoverall
allinall總而言之;aboveall首先,尤其是;afterall畢竟,終究;overall全面的,總體的
inaword總之,inshort簡(jiǎn)而言之,inconclusion最后,總之,tosumup總之,總而言之。
62._B_wehavefinishedthecourse,weshallstartdoingmorerevisionwork.
AFornowBNowthatCEversinceDBynow
nowthat既然,由于(相當(dāng)于since);eversince自從…以來。
與that搭配且后面可以加句子的幾個(gè)表達(dá)形式:
nowthat既然,由于;inthat因?yàn)?;exceptthat除…之外。
except后面加名詞或代詞;exceptthat后面加句子。
63.Whatyouhavedoneis_D_thedoctor’sorders.
AattachedtoBresponsibletoCresistanttoDcontraryto
beattachedto連接,附屬;ThisschoolisattachedtoBeida.這所學(xué)校附屬于北大。
responsibleto對(duì)…負(fù)有責(zé)任;resistantadj.反抗的,抵抗的;waterresistant防水的。
becontraryto與..相反(相違背)。
64.Johnregretted_A_tothemeetinglastweek.
AnotgoingBnottogoCnothavingbeengoingDnottobegoing
regretdoing后悔做過某事;regrettodosth.遺憾的做某事(應(yīng)用語境非常有限)。
63.Weregrettoinformyouthatthematerialsyouorderedare_B_.
AoutofworkBoutofstockCoutofreachDoutofpractice
outofwork失業(yè);outofreach夠不著withinreach夠得著;outofpractice缺乏練習(xí)。
65.They_C_inspiteoftheextremelydifficultconditions.
AcarriedoutBcarriedoffCcarriedonDcarriedforward
inspiteof盡管;carryon堅(jiān)持,繼續(xù)。
66.Mrs.Brownissupposed_A_forItalylastweek.
AtohaveleftBtobeleavingCtoleaveDtohavebeenleft
besupposedtodosth.應(yīng)該(理應(yīng))做某事。
37.He’swatchingTV?He’s_D_tobecleaninghisroom.
AknownBconsideredCregardedDsupposed
regardas把…認(rèn)作
55.Between1974and1997,thenumberofoverseasvisitorsexpanded_A_27%.
AbyBforCtoDin
69.Childrenwhoareover-protectedbytheirparentsmaybecome_C_.
AhurtBdamagedCspoiledDharmed
spoilvt.寵壞,溺愛
70.WhenMr.Jonesgetsold,hewill_B_overhisbusinesstohisson.
AtakeBhandCthinkDget
takeover接管接收;handover移交,交出;thinkover仔細(xì)考慮;getover克服,戰(zhàn)勝。
45.Weareinterestedintheweatherbecauseit_B_ussodirectlywhatwewear,whatwedo,andevenhowwefeel.
AbenefitsBaffectsCguidesDeffects
affectvt.影響;effectn.影響。
46.Willallthose_D_theproposalraisetheirhands?
AinrelationtoBincontrasttoCinexcessofDinfavorof
inrelationto與…相比;incontrastto與…形成對(duì)照;
inexcessof超過,超出(一定的限定范圍);infavorof贊同,支持。
47.Childrenareverycurious_D_.
AatheartBinpersonConpurposeDbynature
atheart在心理,在內(nèi)心;heart強(qiáng)調(diào)的是內(nèi)心的感情,mind強(qiáng)調(diào)的是思維,頭腦,soul靈魂
inperson親自,本人;onpurpose有意的,故意的;bynature生性(天性)使然。
48.Thematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembers_A_amatchwithoutastandardcourt.
AobjectedtohavingBwereobjectedtohave
CobjectedtohaveDwereobjectedtohaving
49.Theteacherdoesn’tpermit_C_inclass.
AsmokeBtosmokeCsmokingDtohaveasmoke
permitv.允許,準(zhǔn)許;permitsb.todosth.允許某人做某事;permitdoing允許做某事。
22.Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyou_A_youneed.
AalltheinformationBalltheinformations
CallofinformationDalloftheinformations
27.Ihavenoobjection_B_yourstoryagain.[objectto+動(dòng)名詞]
AtohearBtohearingCtohavingheardDtohaveheard
28.Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis_B_orsocialposition.
AcuriosityBstatusCdeterminationDsignificance
curiosity好奇心;determination決心,決定
statusn.身份,地位;significancen.意義,重要性;
29.Bylaw,whenonemakesalargepurchase,heshouldhave_D_opportunitytochangehismind.
AaccurateBurgentCexcessiveDadequate
accurateadj.精確的;urgentadj.緊急的,緊迫的;excessiveadj.過多的,過度的;
adequateadj.充足的,足夠的。
33.Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,_A_overallconsumptionissignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.
AwhoseBwhichCthatDwhat
whose指代的就是他前面的maledrinkers.
35.Ididntknowtheword.Ihadto_C_adictionary.
AlookoutBmakeoutCrefertoDgoover
lookup查閱;lookupawordinadictionary在字典中查單詞;
makeout辨認(rèn)出,搞明白
referto提及,涉及referencen.參考書目;referenceroom資料室;
38.IthinkIwasatschool,_A_IwasstayingwithafriendduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.[orelse否則,要不然]
AorelseBandthenCorsoDevenso
39.Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems_A_towardsbrightstudents.
ApartialBbeneficialCpreferableDliable
partialadj.偏袒的,偏愛的(經(jīng)常與to或towards搭配)
44.Everybody_A_inthehallwheretheywerewelcomedbythesecretary.
AassembledBaccumulatedCpiledDjoined
assembled聚集;accumulate堆積,集聚pile堆起,堆疊
secretary書記。
50.TheBritishconstitutionis_B_alargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.[無論是在空格前還是后,如果出現(xiàn)了名詞extent要找介詞就著to]
AwithinBtoCbyDat
toalargeextent在很大程度上。
Constitution憲法
50.IlikewatchingTV_C_tothecinema.
AmorethantogoBthangoingCmorethangoingDratherthantogo
than除構(gòu)成固定短語外就要與比較級(jí)搭配,不會(huì)單獨(dú)出現(xiàn);ratherthan+動(dòng)詞原形;
平行結(jié)構(gòu),遇到平行結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)做的兩步:
1找出連接詞,2使要填部分與已給出的對(duì)應(yīng)部分形式完全一樣。
51.Iappreciate_D_toyourhome.
AtobeinvitedBtohaveinvitedChavinginvitedDbeinginvited
appreciate+動(dòng)名詞(不能加動(dòng)詞原形,不能加句子)。
41.Iwouldappreciate_B_itasecret.
AyoutokeepByourkeepingCthatyoukeepDthatyouwillkeep
yourkeeping動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。youkeeping也是正確的。
52.Ihopemyteacherwilltakemyrecentillnessinto_C_whenjudgingmyexamination.
AregardBcountingCaccountDobservation
takesth.intoaccount考慮。
54.Importantpeopledon’toftenhavemuchfreetimeastheirwork_C_alltheirtime.
AtakeawayBtakeoverCtakeup[占據(jù)]Dtakein
56.Manypeoplecomplainoftherapid_C_ofmodernlife.
ArateBspeedCpaceDgrowth
pace節(jié)奏;rapidpaceofmodernlife現(xiàn)在生活快節(jié)奏。
58.Thespeaker,_D_forhersplendidspeeches,waswarmlyreceivedbytheaudience.
AhavingknownBbeingknownCknowingDknown
know沒有現(xiàn)在分詞;know用主動(dòng)形式時(shí)只能和兩個(gè)介詞搭配:of,about。
knownfor以…而著名。
60.Icouldn’tfind_A_,andsoItookthisone.
AalargeenoughcoatBanenoughlargecoat
CalargecoatenoughDacoatenoughlarge
enough修飾形容詞時(shí)要放到形容詞后面。
62.Nosoonerhadwereachedthetopofthehill_C_weallsatdowntorest.
AwhenBthenCthanDuntil
nosooner…than一…就…
64.Hemovedawayfromhisparents,andmissedthem_A_enjoytheexcitinglifeinNewYork.[too…to,太…而不能…]
AtoomuchtoBenoughtoCverymuchtoDmuchsoasto
66.Thelasttimewehadafamilyreunionwas_B_mybrothersweddingceremonyfouryearsago.
AinBatCduringDover
ceremonyn.典禮,儀式。要表達(dá)在某典禮(儀式)上用介詞at。
atthegraduationceremony在畢業(yè)典禮上。
68._D_theadvancesofscience,thediscomfortsofoldagewillnodoubtalwaysbewithus.[despiteprep.盡管;asfor關(guān)于,至于]
AAsforBBesidesCExceptDDespite
41.Jeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewasbusy_C_forherexamination.
AtoprepareBtobepreparedCpreparingDbeingprepared
bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事
42.Fiveminutesearlier,_A_wecouldhavecaughtthelasttrain.
AandBbutCorDanorder
and在這里表示一種結(jié)果,翻譯成“那么(和)”。只有兩種情況下and才會(huì)這樣翻譯:
1.省略句+and+句子;2.祈使句+and+句子。
46.Mr.Wilsonsaidthathedidnotwantto_A_anyfurtherresponsibilities.
AtakeonBgetonCputupDlookup
takeon承擔(dān);takeonresponsibility承擔(dān)責(zé)任。
48.Wedesirethatthetourleader_A_usimmediatelyofanychangeinplans.
AinformBinformsCinformedDhasinformed
desirev.要求,表要求時(shí)后面加句子要用虛擬語氣,(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。
其他同樣用法的詞還有ask,demand,request,require.
50.Amanescapedfromtheprisonlastnight.Itwasalongtime_A_theguardsdiscoveredwhathadhappened.
AbeforeBuntilCsinceDwhen
It+系動(dòng)詞+一段時(shí)間+before引導(dǎo)的句子在…之前花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間。
54.Scientistssayitmaybefiveortenyears_D_itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.
AsinceBwhenCafterDbefore
51.Intheexperimentwekeptawatchfuleye_D_thedevelopmentsandrecordedeverydetail.[keepawatchfuleyeon密切主意,留神]
AinBatCforDon
52.Thereslittlechancethatmankindwould_D_anuclearwar.
AretainBendureCmaintainDsurvive
retainvt.保持,保留;endurev.忍受;maintainvt.維持,保持,堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為;
survivevi.生存;vt.活過…(賓語為某種災(zāi)難)。surviveaflood活過一場(chǎng)洪水。
前綴sur表示過…,外,超;vive表示生活,強(qiáng)調(diào)活著。
54.Theyusuallyhavelessmoneyattheendofthemonththan_C_atthebeginning.
AwhichisBwhichwasCtheyhaveDitis
less…than句子前后要平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。
55.Inthecourseofadaystudentsdofarmorethanjust_A_classes.
AattendBattendedCtoattendDattending
farmorethan遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于,遠(yuǎn)不止于;也要句子前后平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。
56.TheFrenchpianist[n.鋼琴師]whohadbeenpraisedveryhighly_C_tobeagreatdisappointment.
AturnedupBturnedinCturnedoutDturneddown
turnup后面不加賓語表示出現(xiàn),后面加賓語表示將聲音調(diào)高,調(diào)大;
turnin+賓語上繳,交出;turndown將聲音調(diào)低,調(diào)小;拒絕;
refusesb.指直接的回絕;turnsb.down則指委婉的拒絕;
turnout+動(dòng)詞不定式最終證明是,結(jié)果是。
57.Manydifficultieshave_B_asaresultofthechangeovertoanewtypeoffuel.
ArisenBarisenCraisedDarrived
因本句未加賓語,估不應(yīng)選不及物動(dòng)詞,可排除C項(xiàng);arrivevi.到達(dá),抵達(dá);
risevi.升起,升高(側(cè)重指旗幟或太陽(yáng)升起);數(shù)量的增高(側(cè)重指水位、價(jià)位);
thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest太陽(yáng)東升西落。
arisevi.升起,升高,出現(xiàn),發(fā)生(經(jīng)常與抽象名詞聯(lián)用)。
33.Lastyeartheadvertisingrate_D_by20percent.
AraisedBarousedCaroseDrose
58.Hemadesucha_D_contributiontotheuniversitythattheyarenamingoneofthenewbuildingsafterhim.
AgenuineBminimumCmodestDgenerous
nameafter以…的名字來命名。genuineadj.真正的,貨真價(jià)實(shí)的;genuineleather真皮;
minimumadj.最低的,最小的;modestadj.謙虛謹(jǐn)慎的,適度的;
generousadj.慷慨的,慷慨大方的(修飾貢獻(xiàn)等用這個(gè))。
60.Intheadvancedcoursestudentsmusttakeperformancetestsatmonthly_B_.
AgapsBintervalsClengthDdistance
intervaln.間隔(即可指空間間隔,也可指時(shí)間間隔),四級(jí)考試中??紩r(shí)間間隔的概念。
interval是固定與介詞at搭配的。
61.Mr.Johnsonpreferred_A_heavierworktodo.
AtobegivenBtobegivingCtohavegivenDhavinggiven
65.Sheis_C_amusicianthanherbrother.
AmuchofBmuchasCmoreofDmoreas
beof具有某種性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)或特點(diǎn);
66.Havingbeenfoundguilty,themanwasgivenasevere_B_bythejudge.
AserviceBsentenceCcrimeDcrisis
sentencen.判決,判刑;crisisn.危機(jī);economiccrisis經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī);
42.NiagaraFallsisagreattourist_B_,drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.
AattentionBattractionCappointmentDarrangement
touristattraction旅游勝地;attentionn.注意力;appointmentn.委任的職位,約會(huì);
daten.日期,約會(huì),棗;表示約會(huì)時(shí)指的是異性之間的私人約會(huì)。arrangementn.布置,安排
blinddate兩人第一次見面的約會(huì)。appointment指公事性質(zhì)的,比較正式的約會(huì)。
43.Idontmind_B_thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.
AyoutodelaymakingByourdelayingmaking
CyourdelayingtomakeDyoudelaytomake
mind后要加動(dòng)名詞;delayv.耽擱,延誤(后面也要加動(dòng)名詞)
47.Thiskindofglassesmanufacturedbyexperiencedcraftsmen_B_comfortably.
AiswornBwearsCwearingDareworn
當(dāng)wear表穿戴時(shí),而句子的主語是被穿戴的東西時(shí),wear是不及物動(dòng)詞,沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
65.Thecomingoftherailwaysinthe1830s_A_oursocietyandeconomiclife.
AtransformedBtransportedCtransferredDtransmitted
字根trans在四級(jí)中著重考的含義是“從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方”。
transform改革,變革,改變;transport運(yùn)輸;transfer轉(zhuǎn)移,移動(dòng);
transmit傳送,播送;疾病的傳染,傳播;transplant移植。
48.Somediseasesare_D_bycertainwateranimals.
AtransplantedBtransformedCtransportedDtransmitted
50.AlthoughAnneishappywithhersuccessshewonders_B_willhappentoherprivatelife.[wonder后面要加疑問詞]
AthatBwhatCitDthis
52.Mikesuncleinsists_D_inthishotel.
AstayingnotBnottostayCthathewouldnotstayDthathenotstay
insist的兩種用法:1insiston…堅(jiān)持,堅(jiān)決要求;
2insist+that引導(dǎo)的從句(從句謂語動(dòng)詞為[should]+動(dòng)詞原形)
57.Heis_A_abouthischancesofwinningagoldmedalintheOlympicsnextyear.
AoptimisticBoptionalCoutstandingDobvious
optimisticadj.樂觀的;pessimisticadj.悲觀的;beoptimisticabout對(duì)…持樂觀態(tài)度。
optionaladj.隨意的,任選的,非強(qiáng)制性的;optionalcourses選修課;
outstandingadj.卓越的,杰出的;obviousadj.明顯的。
59.Thedirectorwascritical_C_thewayweweredoingthework.
AatBinCofDwith
becriticalof對(duì)...愛挑剔的,批評(píng)。
61._D_sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.
ANosooneritgrewdarkthanBHardlydiditgrowdarkthat
CScarcelyhaditgrowndarkthanDItwasnotuntildarkthat
nosooner在句首時(shí)句子要用部分倒裝;hardly要與when搭配;scarcely也要與when搭配。
62.InBritainpeople_C_fourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.
AswallowBdisposeCconsumeDexhaust
swallow吞,咽;dispose去掉,處理,安排;consume消費(fèi),消耗;consumer消費(fèi)者;
exhaust將資源消耗殆盡;如果與人在一個(gè)句子中搭配則表示使人精疲力竭。
34.Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto_A_thecolorofhisskin.[regardlessof不管,不顧]
AregardlessofBinthelightofCbyvirtueofDwiththeexceptionof
38.Theoldcoupledecidedto_C_aboyandagirlthoughtheyhadthreeoftheirown.
AadaptBbringCadoptDreceive
39.Thegovernmentistryingtodosomethingto_D_betterunderstandingbetweenthetwocountries.
AraiseBincreaseCheightenDpromote
promotebetterunderstanding增進(jìn)理解。
46.Whenhearrived,hefound_C_theagedandthesickathome.
AnothingbutBnoneotherCnonebutDnootherthan
形容詞前加the表示一類人。nonebut只有,僅有。
52.Hewillagreetodowhatyourequire_D_him.
AforBfromCtoDof
requiresth.ofsb.要求某人做某事。
54.Johnseemsniceperson._C_,Idonttrusthim.
AEventhoughBThereforeCEvensoDThough
evenso即便如此,盡管如此。
60.BecauseEdgarwasconvincedoftheaccuracyofthisfact,he_A_hisopinion.
AstucktoBstroveforCstuckatDstoodfor
beconvincedof深信,確信;stickto堅(jiān)持;strivefor力求,拼命爭(zhēng)取。
Don’tstriveforperfection.不要凡是都力求達(dá)到完美狀態(tài)。
48.It’snouse_B_menottoworry.
AyoutellByourtellingCforyoutohavetoldDhavingtold
Itsnouse+動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),賓格(形容詞性物主代詞)+動(dòng)名詞。
60.Weobject_C_punishingawholegroupforoneperson’sfault.
AagainstBaboutCtoDfor
23.Ahealthylifeisfrequentlythoughttobe_D_withtheopencountrysideandhomegrownfood.
AtiedBboundCinvolvedDassociated
beinvolvedwith牽涉,卷入;beassociatedwith與...相關(guān),聯(lián)系起來。
homegrownfood自家種的食品;wine葡萄酒;housewine自家的酒。
2
29.AlthoughIliketheappearanceofthehouse,whatreallymademedecidetobuyitwasthebeautiful_D_throughthewindow.
AvisionBlookCpictureDview
viewn.景色,風(fēng)景,視野,視域。
30.Cancerissecondonly_B_heartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.
AofBtoCwithDfrom
具有比較意味的形容詞都要與介詞to搭配。
32.Themanagerneedsanassistantthathecan_A_totakecareofproblemsinhisabsence.[inhisabsence在某人不在場(chǎng)的情況下]
AcountonBcountinCcountupDcountout
presencen.到場(chǎng),出席;inone’spresence在某人在場(chǎng)的情況下。
counton=dependon指望,依靠,依賴;countup算出總數(shù);
countin把…算在內(nèi);countout把...排除在外。
35.Theytook_D_measurestopreventpoisonousgasesfromescaping.
AfruitfulBbeneficialCvalidDeffective
takeeffectivemeasures采取有效措施。validadj.有效的,成立的。
43.Itisquitenecessaryforaqualifiedteachertohavegoodmannersand_A_knowledge.
AextensiveBexpansiveCintensiveDexpensive
extensiveadj.范圍廣大的,廣博的;extensiveknowledge知識(shí)淵博。
expansiveadj.擴(kuò)張的,面積廣闊的;expensiveadj.昂貴的,高價(jià)的。
46.Alovemarriage,however,doesnotnecessarily_B_muchsharingofinterestsandresponsibilities.
AtakeoverBresultinCholdonDkeepto
notnecessarily未必;interestsn.利益。takeover接管,接收;
resultin導(dǎo)致,結(jié)果是;holdon堅(jiān)持,挺?。籯eepto堅(jiān)持,遵守。
226.Scientistshavetoworkhardtokeep_____withmoderndiscoveriesanddevelopments.
A.company
B.track
C.touch
D.pace
[答案]D.pace.
[注釋]keeppacewith跟上:1)Thishorseistooweaktokeeppacewiththeothers.2)Icanthelppacewithyourplan.
Keepintouchwith與......保持聯(lián)系;了解(情況);1)Peoplecankeepintouchwitheachotherevenwhentheydoleave.2)Ifinditverydifficulttokeepintouchwithalltherecentdevelopmentsinmysubject.(我覺得很難了解我的科目當(dāng)前的一切新發(fā)展。)
Keepcompany(with)與......相好:Neverkeepcompanywithdishonestpersons.(千萬不要和不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人來往。)
Keeptrackof通曉事態(tài),了解動(dòng)向:Ifinditdifficulttokeeptrackofmyoldfriends.(我很難了解我的老朋友的情況。)keeptrackof的反義結(jié)構(gòu)是losetrackof(失去聯(lián)系)。
以上成語均為考試大綱規(guī)定的內(nèi)容,考生務(wù)必熟記。
196.Nooneimaginedthattheapparently_____businessmanwasreallyacriminal.
A.respectful
B.respectable
C.respective
D.respected
[答案]B.respectable.
[注釋]respectable受到尊敬的。詳見117.注釋。
本題譯文:沒有一個(gè)想象到這個(gè)看起來令人尊敬的商人竟是一個(gè)罪犯。
Ihavebeenlookingforthisbookformonths,and_____Ihavefoundit.
A.atleast
B.innotime
C.atlast
D.atpresent
[答案]C.atlast.
[注釋]atlast(=intheend)最終;atleast至少;innotime立即,馬上;atpresent目前。
Itwasthelargestexperimentwehadeverhad;it_____sixhours.
A.ended
B.finished
C.prolonged
D.lasted
[答案]D.lasted.
[注釋]lastvi.(for)持續(xù)。
People_____withanyonewhoisalwaystalkingabouthowwonderfulheis.
A.fallin
B.getfedup
C.keepcompany
D.catchup
[答案]B.getfedup.
[注釋]get(be)fedupwith(=havinghadtoomuchofsomething;attheendofyourpatience;disgusted;bored;tired)討厭;Ihavehadenoughofhiscomplaints.Imfedup.(=IhaveheardallofthecomplaintsIcanstand.)
fallinwith符合,與......一致。參閱III.51注釋。Keepcompanywith與......交往,結(jié)伴;catchupwith趕上。
Thepresidenthastoldhisfriendsthatheissickbutwillnotadmitit_____.
A.inprivate
B.insecret
C.inpublic
D.indetail
[答案]C.inpublic.
[注釋]inpublic公開地,當(dāng)眾;inprivate私下;insecret秘密地;indetail詳細(xì)地。
Themanagersaidthattheyhadan_____planiftheplantheyhadsubmittedwasnotaccepted.
A.alternate
B.alternative
C.absolute
D.appreciable
答案]B.alternative.
[注釋]alternative可提供選擇的,兩者挑一的:alternate交替的:1)Therewasnoalternativerouteopentoher.(在她面前沒有另外可供選擇的路線。)2)FrenchandEnglisharenotalternativecourses;butmaybetakeninthesameyear.(語法和英語并不是交替開設(shè)的課程;而可以在同一年里選修。)
Japanhastoemployanincreasingnumberofoverseasworkersbecausethereisnoeasysolutiontoitslabor_____.
A.decline
B.rarity
C.vacancy
D.shortage
[答案]D.shortage.
[注釋]labourshortage勞動(dòng)力短缺。Decline下降。rarity稀少。vacancy空缺,未占用.
Mariaisa_____personandnevermakesanyunreasonabledemands.
A.sensitive
B.sensible
C.obedient
D.jealous
[答案]B.sensible
[注釋]sensible通情達(dá)理的;sensitive敏感的;obedient順從的;jealous妒忌的,猜疑的,警惕的;
Alice_____herfatherthatbothsheandherhusbandwouldbehappyifhewouldlivewiththem.
A.convinced
B.reinforced
C.pledged
D.required
[答案]A.convince
[注釋]convincesb.+that從句意為“使……相信,說服……”。reinforce加強(qiáng),增強(qiáng)。
pledge發(fā)誓,保證.
Thestorehadnomoreredshoes_____,soMarychosebrownonesinstead.
A.indemand
B.instore
C.inneed
D.instock
[答案]D.instock.
[注釋]instock(=havingsth.readytoselloruse;inpresentsupply)有現(xiàn)貨供應(yīng):Theshophassugerinstock.(這個(gè)商店有白糖供應(yīng).)indemand(=needed;wanted;)有需求:Thebookaboutdogswasmuchindemandinthelibrary.(=Manypeoplewantedtoreadthebookaboutdogsthatinthelibrary.)inneed(=inpoverty,introuble)在貧困中,在困難中:Afriendinneedisafriendindeed。(Afriendwhohelpswhenoneisintroubleisarealfriend.)instore(=savedupincaseofneed;readyforuseforsomepurpose)儲(chǔ)備待用:于Iftheelectricitygoesoff,wehavecandlesinthecloset.(=Wehavecandlesputawayifweneedthemforlight.)(如果電燈滅了,我們壁櫥里還備有蠟燭.)
[注意]instock強(qiáng)調(diào)商店備有現(xiàn)貨以供出售,而instore則指儲(chǔ)備物品以供急需使用。此外instore還可以表示“等待著,必將發(fā)生”。例如:Ihaveasurpriseinstoreforyou.(我有一個(gè)你料想不到的消息要告訴你。)
本題譯文:這家商店沒有紅鞋供應(yīng),所以瑪麗買了一雙宗色的鞋.
Hegavemesomevery_____adviceonbuyingahouse.
A.precious
B.worthy
C.precise
D.valuable
[答案]D.valuable.
[注釋]valuable寶貴的,有價(jià)值的,??尚揎梐dvice,suggestion,assistance,discovery等名詞。precious“貴重的”如:preciousmetals(貴金屬),preciousstone(寶石)。
Thereisnotmuchtimeleft;SoIlltellyouaboutit_____.
A.indetail
B.inbrief
C.inshort
D.inall
[答案]B.inbrief.
[注釋]inbrief(=inafewwords)簡(jiǎn)短地(作狀語),例如:Hetoldmeinbriefwhathadhappened.(他簡(jiǎn)短地向我講了已發(fā)生地事情。)此處inbrief等于briefly。此處,inbrief(=inaword,inshort)簡(jiǎn)言之(作插入語)1)Itisalongletter,butinbrief,hesays"No".(這是一封長(zhǎng)信,但簡(jiǎn)言之,他說“不”。)2)Johnissmart,polite,andwell-behaved.Inbrief,heisadmirable.此句中inbrief意為inaword或inshort.inshort作插入語,其意思是inaword(總之)。Indetail詳細(xì)地。Inall總計(jì),總共:Thereare20inall.
Idliketotake_____ofthisopportunitytothankyouallforyourcooperation.
A.profit
B.benefit
C.advantage
D.interests
[答案]C.advantage.
[注釋]takeadvantageof(=makeuseofsth.foronesownbenefit)利用:takeadvantageofmyignorance(利用我的無知)。
高考英語第二輪寫作專題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案
一名優(yōu)秀負(fù)責(zé)的教師就要對(duì)每一位學(xué)生盡職盡責(zé),高中教師在教學(xué)前就要準(zhǔn)備好教案,做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。教案可以讓上課時(shí)的教學(xué)氛圍非?;钴S,幫助高中教師營(yíng)造一個(gè)良好的教學(xué)氛圍。所以你在寫高中教案時(shí)要注意些什么呢?為了讓您在使用時(shí)更加簡(jiǎn)單方便,下面是小編整理的“高考英語第二輪寫作專題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案”,僅供參考,歡迎大家閱讀。
山東省惠民二中高三英語復(fù)習(xí)之寫作學(xué)案(一)
高三英語山東惠民縣第二中學(xué)高三英語備課組
●Learningaims
1掌握英語寫作的基本步驟與方法。
2學(xué)生應(yīng)能:
① 理解英語寫作的意義;
② 有效運(yùn)用寫作為高考服務(wù)。
Learningimportantpoints英語寫作的基本步驟與方法。
Learningdifficultpoints有效運(yùn)用所學(xué)方法付諸實(shí)踐。
Leaningmethod合作探究、自主歸納。
句子成分主語、謂語、賓語
Step1主語
練習(xí):請(qǐng)找出下列句子的主語。
1.TheboycomesfromAmerica.(___________________)
2.Heusuallywenttoschoolalone.(___________________)
3.StudyingEnglishisveryimportant.(_______________________________)
4.Toteachhimalessonseemsquitenecessary.(_____________________________)
5.Thathewontheprizeexcitedeveryone.(____________________________)
6.Itisimportantforustohaveourdreams.(____________________________)
7.Itisobviousthathewaswrong.(_________________________________)
8.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(________________________________)
主語一般由名詞、_________________,或者相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語或從句充當(dāng)(包括______、______還有________)。另外,當(dāng)句子的主語為__________、__________或_________時(shí),主語部分太長(zhǎng),為使句子平衡,避免頭重腳輕,常用it作形式主語。
Step2謂語
練習(xí):請(qǐng)找出下列句子的謂語并指出謂語的構(gòu)成:實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞+表語、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
+動(dòng)詞的原形還是助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式?
1.Hisparentsareteachers.(_______________________)
2.Thesunrisesintheeast.(_______________________)
3.Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.(______________________________)
4.Yououghttoworkharder.(______________________________)
5.Ifeltcold.(___________________________)
6.Hedoesn’tlikemusic.(___________________________)
Step3賓語
練習(xí):請(qǐng)找出下列句子的賓語。
1.Hehasnevermetherinperson.(____________________________)
2.Shehandedhimabook.(________________________________)
3.Helikestoplaybasketball.(________________________________)
4.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.(________________________________)
5.Shesaidthatshefeltsick.(_________________________________)
6.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.(________________________________)
7.Ifinditimpossibletobelieveheranylonger.(_________________________________)
8.Weconsideritnogoodgettinguplate.(________________________________)
9.Theybelieveditstrangethatheshouldhavedonethat.(________________________________)
當(dāng)句子的賓語為__________、___________、或_________時(shí),常用形式賓語it,以保持句子的平衡。
高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題
古人云,工欲善其事,必先利其器。作為教師準(zhǔn)備好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以讓學(xué)生更好地進(jìn)入課堂環(huán)境中來,幫助教師更好的完成實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)。那么如何寫好我們的教案呢?小編收集并整理了“高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題”,僅供參考,歡迎大家閱讀。
定語從句
一、基本概念:
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。如:
Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingjustnow?
Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.
注意:
(1)定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞;
(2)定語從句一般用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo),關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作從句中的一個(gè)成分。
(3)★引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as
★關(guān)系副詞有:when,where,why.
二、關(guān)系詞的用法:
(一)關(guān)系代詞的用法:
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),可作主語、賓語、表語、定語等句子成分。
指代對(duì)象
在從句中所做的成分
人
物
人+物
可否省略
主語
who/that
which/that
that
不可
賓語
who/whom/that
which/that
that
可
表語
that
that
that
可
定語
whose/ofwhom
whose/ofwhich不可
ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.
Thebookwhich/thatIamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.
Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.
Thisistheroomthat/whichShakespearewasbornin.
注:在非正式文體中,用于指人的關(guān)系代詞whowhom,that通??梢允÷裕谡轿捏w中通常用whom,不可省略;用于指物的關(guān)系代詞which和that在非正式文體中也通常省略,但在正式文體中一般不省略。
1.★作定語用whose=the+n+ofofwhich
=ofwhichthe+n
(a)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.
(b)ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.
注意:“介詞+whose+名詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。如:
Ilovemymotherland,forwhosegoodfutureIwillworkhard.
門是藍(lán)色的那間房是我的。2.★作表語只用that,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但時(shí)常省略。如:
Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.
Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.
3、★as在定語從句中的用法:::as可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
(1).as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,有“正如,就像”之意。它在從句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。例
Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.
(2)as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句多與such、so或thesame連用,它可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。
Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.
Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.
(3).as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的位置
as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活,可以位于主句前面、中間或后面,一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開,但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句一般只能放在主句之后。例如:
Ashadbeenexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.
Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknowntoeveryone.
注意:★thesame…that與thesame…as在意思上是不同的。例如:
ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.
這個(gè)書包和我昨天丟的相似。(相似物)
ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.
這正是我昨天丟的那個(gè)書包。(同一物)
(二)關(guān)系副詞的用法:
1.when指時(shí)間,在從句中作時(shí)間狀語,它的先行詞通常有:time,day,morning,night,week,year等。
DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?
注:when時(shí)??梢允÷?,特別是在某些句型和某些時(shí)間狀語中。如:
Eachtimehecame,hedidhisbesttohelpus.
Buthelpneverstoppedcomingfromthedayshefellill.
2.where指地點(diǎn),在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。它的先行詞通常有:place,spot,street,house,room,city等,
Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.
IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.
3.why指原因或理由,它的先行詞只有reason。如:
Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.
(三)使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn):
1.這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu):
when=on(in,at,during…)+which;
where=in(at,on…)+which;
why=forwhich.如:
IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.
Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.
Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.
2.★當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time,day等和表地點(diǎn)的place,house等時(shí),一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu),如果缺少主語或賓語時(shí),關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that,缺少時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí),才能用when或where試比較:
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.
I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.
Hisfatherworksinafactorywhereradiopartsaremade.
Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.
3.when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。而why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。4.★as和which引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別
有時(shí),非限制性定語從句所修飾的不是某一個(gè)詞,而是整個(gè)主句或是主句中的一個(gè)部分,這時(shí)一般采用which或as來引導(dǎo)。如:
Hepassedtheexam,which/ashehopedhewould.
(1)as引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前,而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。
Theyarehollow,whichmakesthemverylight.
Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.
(2)從意義上講,which指前面主句的內(nèi)容;而as指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識(shí)性的東西,因此常譯成“就象……那樣”。
(3)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句表示積極的意義,與主句是順理成章的關(guān)系,絕不能與之矛盾。若非限制性定語從句表示消極的意義,則只用which。如:
Hehassucceededinhiscareer,as/whichweallhope.他在事業(yè)中成功了,這正是我們大家所希
Hergrandmadiedlastweek,whichmadeherverysad.她的奶奶逝世了,這使得她很悲傷。
(4)當(dāng)非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞前面有介詞時(shí),只能用which,而不可用as。如:
Hehasanewcomputer,forwhichhepaidnearlytenthousandYuan.
(5)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞代替主句中的賓語從句或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(如:賓+補(bǔ);不定式短語;動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語等)時(shí),一般只能用which,而不用as。如:
Shetoldusthattherewassomethingwrongwithherbike,whichwastrue。
HeaskedhertohelphimwithhisEnglish,whichshedid.
(6)關(guān)系代詞僅代表主句中的謂語部分時(shí),從句中謂語部分被省略而只保留情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式或助動(dòng)詞否定式,引導(dǎo)詞一般只用which,而不用as。如:
HespeaksEnglishveryfluently,whichIcan’t.
(7)關(guān)系代詞作定語修飾后面的名詞時(shí),一般只用which,而不用as。如:
Hesuggestedgoingswimmingintheriver,whichideaweagreedwith.
(8)關(guān)系代詞僅代表主句中單個(gè)的名詞時(shí),一般只用which,而不用as。如:
Hesentmeabeautifulpresent,whichIvaluedverymuch.
(9)as在非限制性定語從句中,還常跟such連用。如:
Therewasalookofloveintheteacher’seyes,suchasmothershavefortheirchildren.老師眼里流露出對(duì)他喜愛的神情,就好像母親對(duì)孩子的喜愛。
(10)as常用于一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:
asiswellknown/asweallknow眾所周知;
asissaidabove正如上面所說;
asmightbeimagined正像所想象的那樣;
asisreported如報(bào)道所說;
ashasbeenpointed如所指出的那樣;
asisexpected正如所料。
5.在正式文體中,以theway為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常以inwhich或that引導(dǎo),如:
Thewayinwhichyouansweredthequestionswasadmirable.
但在非正式文體中,人們通常省略inwhich或that:
Theway(inwhich)hespoketouswassuspicious.
Idon’tliketheway(that)youlaughather.四.關(guān)系詞的選擇
1.在非限制性定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞作主語,只能用who指人,which指物;關(guān)系代詞做賓語,常用whom(口語中有時(shí)用who)指人,which指物,它們都不能用that代替。
2.關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語,不論是在限制性定語從句中,還是在非限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí),只能用whom指人,which指物;但如果介詞后置,則不受這種限制,關(guān)系代詞還可以省去,特別是在口語中。如:
Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?
Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?
Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.
3.★在限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí),關(guān)系詞可用which或that,二者常可以互換;但在下列情況中,只能用that,不用which:
(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,alot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等詞時(shí)。如:Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(2)當(dāng)先行詞被all,anyno,much,little,few,every等限定詞所修飾時(shí)。如:
Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.
(3)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如:
Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.
WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.
(4)當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,以及先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容
詞最高級(jí)同時(shí)修飾時(shí),如:
That’sthemostexpensivehotelthatwe’veeverstayedin.
ThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveeverread.
(5)當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修飾時(shí)。如:
ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.
(6)當(dāng)先行詞為指人和指物的兩個(gè)并列名詞詞組時(shí)。如:
TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.
Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.
(7)當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。如:
Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?
4.在限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí),關(guān)系詞可用who(m)或that,二者??苫Q。
但在下列情況中,用who(m),而不用that:
(1)當(dāng)先行詞是one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,
everybody等詞時(shí)。如:
Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?
Hewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.
注:在非正式文體中可以說:You’retheonethatknowswheretogo.)
(2)當(dāng)先行詞是he,they,those,people,person等詞時(shí)。如:
Hewhowantstocatchfishjustnotmindgettingwet.
Thosewhoareagainsttheproposalputupyourhands.
注:在固定結(jié)構(gòu)的諺語或習(xí)語中,可用hethat…。如:
Hethatpromisestoomuchmeansnothing.
(3)當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語修飾時(shí)。如:
Doyouknowthewriterinbluewiththickglasseswhoisspeakingatthemeeting?
(4)在分隔式定語從句中,若先行詞指人,為了明確修飾關(guān)系,應(yīng)當(dāng)用who(m)。如:
AnewmasterwillcametomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.
There’sonlyonestudentintheschoolwho/whomIwantedtosee.
Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.
(5)兩個(gè)定語從句同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)指人的先行詞,第二個(gè)定語從句常用who(m)來引導(dǎo),如:
SheistheonlygirlIknowwhocanplaytheguitar.
5.★在限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí),在下列情況中,一般用關(guān)系詞that:
(1)當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。如:
Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
Whichofusthatknowsanythingdoesnotknowthis?
(2)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如:
Heisthegreatestmanthathaseverlived.
(3)當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast等詞所修飾時(shí)。如:
Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.
6.當(dāng)先行詞被thesame所修飾時(shí),關(guān)系詞既可以用as,也可以用that。在表示具體事物時(shí),有時(shí)兩者有一定的區(qū)別。一般說來,表示同一種類多用as,表示同一事物多用that。
如:ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.這就是我昨天用過的那臺(tái)儀器。
ThisisthesameinstrumentasIusedyesterday.這臺(tái)儀器跟我昨天用過的那臺(tái)一樣。
7.當(dāng)先行詞前有such,so,as時(shí),關(guān)系詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用as。如:
Awisemanseldomtalksaboutsuchthingsashedoesn’tunderstand.
HespokeinsucheasyEnglishaseverybodycouldunderstand.
Atthistimeoftheday,allbusesandtrolleyshavetocarryasmanypassengersastheycan.
Itissoeasyabookaseveryschoolboycanread.
Let’sdiscusssuchthingsaswecantalkoffreely.
注意的問題:★★★
1、theonlyoneof+n+定語從句(用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞)
oneof+the+n+定語從句(用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞)
2、such……as引導(dǎo)定語從句與such……that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句
ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand.
ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstandit.
3、當(dāng)situation,condition,stage,point,scenes做先行詞時(shí),用where引導(dǎo)定語從句
4、when的先行詞通常是time,day,season,age,occasion等時(shí)間名詞
Thereareoccasionswhen(=onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
5、where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句的區(qū)別
Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestion.(從句:)
Pleasemakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestion.(從句:)
6、theway做先行詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞的選擇應(yīng)根據(jù)theway在定語從句中所做的成分來決定
Idon’tliketheway_______heistreated
Theway___________youthoughtoftosolvetheproblemisveryuseful
Pleasefindaway_________isthekeytosolvingtheproblem
7、thereason做先行詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞的選擇應(yīng)根據(jù)thereason在定語從句中所做的成分來決定
Thereason_____IwaslatewasthatIwascaughtinatrafficjam
Idon’tbelievethereason_________hegaveforhisbeinglate
8、介詞+which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中介詞的選擇:9.在下列情況下,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。
(1)定語從句的主語是few,little,some,most,many,much等時(shí),一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。
Intheroomarelotsofpeople,manyofwhomIdon’tknow.
Hehasalotofstory-books,afewofwhichIhaveneverread.
(2)定語從句的主語是數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)時(shí),一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如:
Theoldmanhasthreechildren,twoofwhomarecollegestudentsandoneofwhomisamanager.那個(gè)老人有三個(gè)小孩,其中兩個(gè)是大學(xué)生,另一個(gè)是經(jīng)理。
(3)定語從句的主語是all,none,both,neither,each等不定代詞時(shí),一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.
Heplantedtwotreeslastyear,bothofwhicharegrowingwell.
(4)在定語從句中作表語的定語時(shí),一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如:
Hehasthreebrothers,ofwhomLiLeiistheyoungestone.
TherearemanycountriesinAsia,ofwhichChinaisthelargestone.
10、表示部分與整體ofwhich/whom
在非限制性定語從句中,★表示“部分與整體”的關(guān)系時(shí),用…ofwhich/whom或者ofwhich/whom…都可以。表示部分的可以是具體數(shù)目或百分?jǐn)?shù),也可以是few,several,some,half,many,much,most,all,none,either,neither,aquarter,anumber,thelarger,thesmallest,themajority等。
Ourschoolhas80teachers,50ofwhom(=ofwhom50)arewomen.
Hehaslotsofbooks,mostofwhichareEnglishones.
注意這里的ofwhich不能用whose代替,這與表示所屬關(guān)系的ofwhich不同:
Theroomthedoorofwhich(=whosedoor)isbluebelongstome.
11、注意:先行詞雖然是時(shí)間或地點(diǎn),但若在定語從句中作主語或賓語時(shí),要用關(guān)系代詞。
(1)Thefactorywherehisfatherworkedhasclosed.(作狀語)
比較:Thefactorywhich/thatwasbuiltin1978hasclosed.
(2)I’llneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogether.(作狀語)
比較:I’llneverforgetthedays(that)wespentinAustralia.(作及物動(dòng)詞spent的賓語)
(3)Thereason(why)shewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.(作狀語,用關(guān)系副詞)
比較:Thereason(that)hegaveforhisabsencewasobviouslyfabricated.(作gave的賓語,用關(guān)系代詞)
12、★關(guān)系詞的選擇方法
(1)一看先行詞的意義
即分清先行詞是指人、指物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)還是原因,如指物時(shí)不能用who或whom,指人時(shí)通常不用which等。
(2)二看關(guān)系詞的句法功能
即分清關(guān)系詞是擔(dān)任什么句子成分,是作主語還是賓語、是作定語還是狀語等,
如作定語通常用whose,有時(shí)也用which;作狀語要用when,where,why。
注意,不要一看到先行詞為表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞,就認(rèn)為一定要用when,where,why來引導(dǎo)定語從句,要注意分清它們?cè)诙ㄕZ從句充當(dāng)什么成分。如
Iforgetthetimewhenhewillcome.(when引導(dǎo)定語從句,在定語從句中用作狀語)
Iforgetthetimethathetoldme.我忘記了他告訴我的時(shí)間。(that引導(dǎo)定語從句,在定語從句中用作賓語)
Thereasonwhyhecan’tcomeisthatheisill.
他不能來的原因是他病了。(why引導(dǎo)定語從句,在定語從句中用作狀語)
Thereasonthathetoldmeisnottrue.
他告訴我的原因不真實(shí)。(that引導(dǎo)定語從句,在定語從句中用作賓語)
(3)三看定語從句的種類
即分清是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句,如that和why通常不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。注意,不要一看到逗號(hào)就認(rèn)為是非限制性定語從句。如:
Ifyou’vereallysaidthattoher,_______willcauserealtrouble.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.what
此題答案是A,不是B。盡管空格前有逗號(hào),但這并不是非限制性定語從句,所以不能填which。正確的理解是:Ifyou’vereallysaidthattoher是一個(gè)條件狀語從句,逗號(hào)后的句子是主句,空格處填that用作主句主語
12、★關(guān)系代詞做定語從句的主語時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞的形式與先行詞一致。
Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman
13、★定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別的訣竅:
★若將Itiswasthatwho去掉而句中不缺成分,結(jié)構(gòu)完整,說明原句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。若結(jié)構(gòu)不完整,說明原句為定語從句。
Itwasnotuntil1920_______regularradiobroadcastsbegan.
14、定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別:
定語從句50題
1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildrensPalace.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
2.Doyouknowtheman_______?
A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke
3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.
A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed
C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed
4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
5.Thatistheday______Illneverforget.
A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when
6.Thefactory______wellvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.
A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown
C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked
9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?
A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked
C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked
10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.
A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich
11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.
A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that
12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.
A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom
13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?
A.whoB.whosC.whichD.whose
14.Iminterestedin______youhavesaid.
A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which
15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as
16.Heisntsuchaman______heusedtobe.
A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as
17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.
A.thatB.asC.whomD.what
18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.
A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim
19.Idontlike______asyouread.
A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels
20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who
22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.
A.themB.whichC.whomD.who
23.Youretheonlyperson______Iveevermet______coulddoit.
A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who
24.Ilostabook,______Icantremembernow.
A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat
25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.
A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what
26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.
A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when
28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.
A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./
29.Thisisthereason______hedidntcometothemeeting.
A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich
30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.
A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafter
C.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter
31.Thereason______hedidntcomewas______hewasill.
A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what
32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.
A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who
33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.
A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich
34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.
A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich
35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.
A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which
36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it
37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.
A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich
38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as
39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.
A./B.whyC.whenD.whose
40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.
A.thatB.whichC.itD.though
41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?
---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.
A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that
42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwith
thefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which
43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.
A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are
44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.
A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed
45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?
A.thatB./C.whichD.it
46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.
A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that
47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?
A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere
48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.
A.asB.thatC.whatD.who
49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.
A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich
50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.
A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen參考答案及解析
1.A.which用作關(guān)系代詞,在定語從句中作主語。
2.C."和誰講話”要說speaktosb.本題全句應(yīng)為DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是關(guān)系代詞,作介詞to的賓語,可以省略。
3.D.where是關(guān)系副詞,表示地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。
4.C.when是關(guān)系副詞,表示時(shí)間,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。
5.A.which是關(guān)系代詞,在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作賓語。
6.C.解析同第5題。
7.A.解析見第3題。
8.A.本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此,關(guān)系代詞that是負(fù)數(shù)概念,其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動(dòng)語態(tài)havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the,則theone應(yīng)該視為先行詞。
9.A.“談到某事物”應(yīng)說talkaboutsth.。about是介詞,其后要用which作賓語,不能用that。
10.A.withwhich是"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu),常用來引導(dǎo)定語從句.with有"用"的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定語從句中作狀語,即heiswritingwithapen.
11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在從句中作狀語.
12.D.withwhom引導(dǎo)定語從句.withwhom放在從句中即為:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.
13.D.whose引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作主語family的定語.
14.A.that引導(dǎo)定語從句,因?yàn)橄刃性~是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).
15.D.thesame……..as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語.
16.D.such………as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語.
17.B.as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨(dú)用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。這時(shí)as所指代的不是主句中某個(gè)名詞,而往往指代整個(gè)主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后,也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語.
18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定語從句.withwhom放在從句中為:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.
19.C.as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配,其中such和same修飾其后的名詞,as為關(guān)系代詞,指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí),要用sucha……..,本題中suchbooks,such直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.
20.B.things和persons是先行詞.當(dāng)定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時(shí),其關(guān)系代詞要用that.
21.D.who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.
22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.
23.D.先行詞person后有兩個(gè)定語從句,第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因?yàn)?whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略.第二個(gè)從句whocoulddoit.who在從句中作主語,不可省略.
24.A.whosetitle引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,whosetitle也可以說成thetitleofwhich
25.A.forwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句,使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語befamousfor"以……..而聞名".
26.C.當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用as.As在本從句中作主語.
27.A.兩個(gè)先行詞theday都是表示時(shí)間的名詞,但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,因此要用關(guān)系副詞when.第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語,因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句.
28.D.在way、distance、direction等詞后的定語從句中,常用that來代替“in(或其他介詞)+which”、when或where,而that??墒÷?。
29.D.forwhich在定語從句中作原因狀語,可用why來替代.
30.B.whichIhavelookedafter構(gòu)成一個(gè)非限制性定語從句.
31.A.Thereasonwhy…wasthat….已成為一種固定句型,這一句中的why和that不能隨意換位,也不能將that改成because,盡管that這個(gè)詞在譯文中可能有“因?yàn)椤钡暮x。
32.B.非限制性定語從句常用which引導(dǎo),which表示前句話的整個(gè)含義.
33.A.解釋見28題.
34.D.主句中的two表明不能選A.從句中的are表明不能選B.bothofwhich用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句.
35.C.as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配,其中such和same修飾其后的名詞,as為關(guān)系代詞,指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。本題中as作從句的主語.
36.B.非限制性定語從句常用which引導(dǎo),which表示前句話的整個(gè)含義.
37.D.
38.D.解析見35題.
39.A.hemakes是定語從句,從句前省略了關(guān)系代詞that.
40.B.whichisabadhabit非限制性定語從句.
41.A.whathappened是賓語從句.all之后thatheknew是定語從句.先行詞是all,所以關(guān)系代詞只能用that.
42.D.years是表示時(shí)間的名詞,用when引導(dǎo)定語從句,是因?yàn)閣hen在從句中作時(shí)間狀語.第二個(gè)空選用which,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語從句.
43.C.本句話的定語從句是whoowncars.其先行詞是people,因此,定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)的own。本句話主句的主語是Thenumberof指“…..的數(shù)目”,是單數(shù)概念。因此,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用is。
44.D.thatfollowed是定語從句,關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語。
45.A.先行詞gas被only修飾,關(guān)系代詞要用that,而不用which。
46.B.throughwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句,throughwhich即throughthehole,在定語從句中作狀語。What引導(dǎo)的是see的賓語從句,并作從句的主語。
47.B.為便于理解,改寫本句話:ThisistheschoolthatsomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek.不難看出,作表語的theschool是先行詞。that引導(dǎo)了定語從句,因?yàn)閠hat同時(shí)又作visited的賓語,所以被省略了。其它選項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)不對(duì)。
48.A.解釋見35題。
49.C.因?yàn)槭莟woballpens,并且定語從句的謂語writes是單數(shù)概念。因此,C是正確選項(xiàng)。
50.B.本句話中,主句的主語是all,為抽象概念。因此,其謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)的hasbeen。關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句,并在從句中作主語。