高中非謂語動詞教案
發(fā)表時間:2020-12-04高考英語二輪非謂語動詞教案。
高考英語二輪非謂語動詞精講及訓練動詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞)和動名詞統(tǒng)稱為非謂語動詞。動詞不定式、過去分詞及v-ing形式在句中均不能作謂語,所以叫做非謂語動詞。
現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞合為一大類叫作v+ing形式。這些動詞的形式不能在句中單獨作謂語用,因而沒有語法主語。但可以有邏輯主語。由于沒有語法主語,也就不受人稱和數(shù)的限定,因為不是謂語,也就沒有時態(tài)和語態(tài),但這些詞仍能表示動作和狀態(tài),所以仍有表示與其他動詞相對時間關系的形式。由于與其它詞有邏輯上的主謂關系,因此也有表示主、被動的形式,同時也有自己的賓語和狀語,一起構成非謂語動詞的短語(動詞不定式短語,分詞短語,動名詞短語)。非謂語動詞在英語語法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非謂語動詞形式多樣,應用廣泛,且在句中起著很活躍的作用,也是語法項目中的重點和難點,學好非謂語動詞,才能正確進行口語和書面的交流。
(一)動詞不定式:
動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形”構成,如:tostudy,toplay,動詞不定式雖然不能作謂語動詞用,但仍留著動詞的特征,它可以帶有所需要的賓語或狀語而構成動詞不定式短語,如:tostudyhard,toplaytabletennis。
1.動詞不定式的形式變化:動詞不定式有下列時態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式變化。
語態(tài)式一般式完成式進行式完成進行式
主動tobuildtohavebuilttobebuildingtohavebeenbuilding
被動tobebuildtohavebeenbuild
2.動詞不定式的基本用法:動詞不定式能起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用,可在句中作主語、表語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語用,如:
(1)作主語:Tohelpeachotherisgood.(動詞不定式作主語時,一般可用it作形式主語,而將作主語的動詞不定式置于句末,如:Itisgoodtohelpeachother.
(2)作表語:Myjobistodrivethemtothepowerstationeveryday.動詞不定式在系動詞be之后作表語,與表示將來時的be+動詞不定式結構有所區(qū)別,如:Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我們的計劃是給農(nóng)民子弟再成立一所中學。(句中的謂語動詞為is,動詞不定式tosetup…為表語,主語為plan,但plan并不是動詞不定式的邏輯主語,即動詞不定式tosetup所表示的動作不是主語plan產(chǎn)生的。)Wearetosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我們將為農(nóng)民的子弟再成立一所中學。(句中的aretosetup整個結構為句中謂語,主語為we,同時也是動詞不定式tosetup所表示的動作的邏輯主語,即動詞不定式tosetup所表示的動作是由we產(chǎn)生的)。
(3)作賓語:①作及物動詞的賓語,如:Shewishestobeamusician.;②作某些形容詞的賓語:可以有動詞不定式為賓語的形容詞一般有glad,sorry,afraid,pleased,determined,willing,eager,anxious,ready,sure等,如:Iamdeterminedtogiveupsmoking.;③動詞不定式一般不作介詞的賓語,但動詞不定式之前如有疑問詞時,就可作介詞的賓語,如:Canyougiveussomeadviceonwhattodonext?
(4)作賓語補足語,如:Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.如果句中的謂語動詞為see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等,作賓語補足語的動詞不定式須將to省去,如:Isawalittlegirlrunacrossthestreet.
(5)動詞不定式在句中作賓語,如帶有賓語補足語時,須先用it作形式賓語,而將該動詞不定式后置,如:Idon’tthinkitrighttodoitthatway.
(6)作定語:動詞不定式作定語時,須位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后,如:Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?和定語用的動詞不定式如果是不及物動詞,不定式后面就要用必要的介詞,如:Heisthemantodependon.如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place,time,way,不定式后面的介詞,習慣上可以省去,如:Theoldmanislookingforaquietplacetolive.
(7)作狀語:動詞不定式可以作下列的狀語:①目的狀語:EverymorninghegetsupveryearlytoreadEnglish.為了強調(diào)不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加inorderto或soasto(以便或為了),但應注意inorderto位于句首或句中均可,而soasto不能位于句首,如:ShereadsChinaDailyeverydayinorderto(soasto)improveherEnglish.將表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可強調(diào)目的的作用,如:Tomasteraforeignlanguage,onemustworkhardatit.②結果狀語:Theylivedtoseetheliberationoftheirhometown.他們活到親眼見到了他們家鄉(xiāng)的解放。③too+形容詞或副詞+動詞不定式,表示“足能…”的結果,如:Youareoldenoughtotakecareofyourselfnow.
3.復合結構不定式:由for+名詞(或代詞賓格)+動詞不定式即構成復合結構的動詞不定式。其中for本身無意義。for后面的名詞或代詞是不定式的邏輯主語,這種不定式在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語或狀語,如:Itisveryimportantforustogeteverythingreadyfortheharvest.當作表語用的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語的性質(zhì)或特征時,就用介詞of而不用for引出不定式的邏輯主語,這些形容詞一般有good,nice,kind,wise,silly,stupid,foolish,right,wrong,careless,impolite等,如:Itisverykindofyoutohelphimeveryday.
4.疑問詞+動詞不定式:疑問代詞和疑問副詞后可加動詞不定式構成不定式短語,在句中可作主語、表語或賓語,如:Howtopreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.
5.動詞不定式的否定式:動詞不定式的否定式是由not+動詞不定式構成,如:It’swrongofyounottoattendthemeeting.
6.動詞不定式的時態(tài)形式所表示的時間關系:(1)一般式:動詞不定式一般式所表示的動作是和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生,但在多數(shù)情況下,是在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后發(fā)生,如:Wedecidedtoplantmoretreesthisspring.(其后),Theyoftenwatchusplaytabletennis.(同時);(2)完成式:動詞不定式完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,如:Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.(3)進行式:動詞不定式進行式所表示的動作正在進行中,而且與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生,如:ShehappenedtobewritingaletterintheroomwhenIcamein.
7.動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)用法:如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語為這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時,不定式一般就用被動語態(tài)形式,如:Whatistobedonenexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.
(二)動詞-ing形式:動詞的-ing形式也是一種非謂語動詞。-ing形式仍保留有動詞的特征,可以帶有其所需要的賓語或狀語而構成-ing短語。
1.-ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式。及物動詞的-ing還有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài),而不及物動詞的-ing則沒有被動語態(tài)?,F(xiàn)在以及物動詞make和不及物動詞go為例,將其-ing各種形式列表如下:
動詞語態(tài)
形式及物動詞make不及物動詞go
主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)
一般式makingbeingmadegoing
完成式havingmadehavingbeenmadehavinggone
2.-ing形式的基本用法。
(1)作主語:Seeingisbelieving.百聞不如一見。Talkingiseasierthandoing.–ing作主語時,如果其結構較長,可用it作形式主語,而將作主語的-ing后置。如:Itisn’tmuchgoodwritingtothemagain.It’snousewaitinghere.
(2)作表語:Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.
(3)作賓語:①作及物動詞的賓語。Shelikesdrawingverymuch;②作某些短語動詞的賓語。MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork;③do+限定詞(my,some,any,the等)+-ing,表示“做…事”之意,如:WeoftendoourcleaningonSaturdayafternoon.WillyoudoanyshoppingonSaturdaythisafternoon?④作介詞的賓語:Hersisterisgoodatlearningphysics;⑤作形容詞worth,busy等的賓語:Thisbookiswellworthreading.–ing作賓語帶有賓語補足語時,要用it作為形式賓語,而將作賓語的-ing后置,如:Wefounditnogoodtalkinglikethat.Doyouthinkitnecessarytryingagain?
(4)作定語:Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.Doyouknowthemanstandingatthegate?注:-ing形式作定語用時,如果-ing只是一個單詞,就位于其修飾的名詞之前,如果是-ing短語,就位于其修飾的名詞之后,-ing作定語時,被-ing所修飾的名詞就是該-ing的邏輯主語。另外,-ing作定語用時,其動作和句子謂語動詞所表示的動作是同時進行的,如果不是同時進行的,就不能用-ing作定語,要使用定語從句,如:ThegirlwhowrotealetterthereyesterdaycanspeakEnglishverywell.
(5)作賓語補足語:Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.注:當-ing在復合賓語中作賓語補足語用時,句中賓語就是這個-ing的邏輯主語,可以帶有這種復合賓語的動詞有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。
(6)作狀語:①時間狀語:SeeingTom,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofhisbrother.分詞在句中作時間狀語時,其前一般可加when或while,如:Whencrossingstreet,youmustbecareful.②原因狀語:Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.③方式或伴隨狀語:MarystoodattheschoolgatewaitingforBetty.
3.主動語態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。主動語態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,一般在句中作時間或原因狀語用。句中的主語是它的邏輯主語,并且是它所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者,如:Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.
4.被動語態(tài)-ing一般式的基本用法。被動語態(tài)-ing一般式所表示的動作是一個正在進行中的被動動作,而且這個被動動作也是和句中謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生的。它一般在句中作定語或狀語用。如:Thetruckbeingrepairedthereisours.
5.被動語態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。被動語態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,在句中一般作狀語用。如:Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.
6.-ing形式的復合結構。在-ing前加物主代詞或名詞所有格即構成-ing的復合結構。其中的物主代詞或名詞所有格為-ing的邏輯主語。這種結構在句中可作主語、賓語或表語,如:Yoursmokinganddrinkingtoomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.但在口語中,這種結構如作賓語用,其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞的賓格,名詞的所有格常用名詞的普通格代替,如:SheinsistedonPeter’s(orPeter)goingtherefirst.
7.-ing形式與動詞不定式在句中作主語、表語、賓語時的區(qū)別。一般說來,表示一個比較抽象或泛指的動作時多用-ing形式。表示一個具體某一次的動作時,多用動詞不定式,如:Ourjobismakingsteel.Shelikesplayingthepiano,butshedoesn’twanttoplayittoday.
8.-ing形式與動詞不定式在句中作定語的區(qū)別。-ing形式作定語用時,其動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動詞同時發(fā)生,而動詞不定式作定語時,其動作一般發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞所表示的動作之后。如:ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell./Ihavethreeletterstowrite.
9.-ing形式與動詞不定式在作賓語補足語時的區(qū)別。(1)不定式作賓補時,其動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后,如:Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.(2)在see,watch,hear,feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作賓補,表示其動作正在進行中,而用不帶to的不定式作賓補時,不定式所表示的動作是一個動作的過程,如:Ihearhersingingintheroom.我聽見她正在屋里唱歌。Ihearhersingintheroom.我聽見她在屋里唱過歌。
10.-ing形式與動詞不定式在句中作狀語的區(qū)別。-ing形式在句作狀語表示時間、原因、方式或伴隨情況,而動詞不定式一般式在句中作狀語時,一般是作目的或結果狀語,如:Notreceivinghisletter,Iwrotetohimagain./Ilookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.
(三)過去分詞:
1.過去分詞的基本用法:過去分詞只有一種形式,也沒有主動語態(tài),它所表示的動作是一個被動的或是已完成的動作。過去分詞在句中也可用作定語、表語、賓語或狀語等成分。過去分詞在句中作某種成分時,其邏輯主語一般為該分詞所表示的動作的承受者,如:
(1)作定語:過去分詞作定語時,如果這個分詞是一個單詞,就位于其修飾的名詞之前,如果是分詞短語,就位于其修飾的名詞之后。被過去分詞所修飾的名詞,就是該分詞的邏輯主語,如:Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.
(2)作表語:過去分詞作表語時,表示其邏輯主語所處的狀態(tài),其邏輯主語就是句中的主語,如:Theglassisbroken.這個玻璃杯是破的。注:過去分詞作表語時,和動詞的被動語態(tài)結構相似,但兩者表達的意義不同,如:Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.這個玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表語用的過去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞,如:crowded,devoted,discouraged,done,dressed,drunk,experienced,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,killed,known,learned,lost,pleased,satisfied,shut,surprised,tired,undressed,worried,astonished,broken,completed,covered等。
(3)作賓語補足語:過去分詞作賓語補足語時,句中的賓語就是其邏輯主語,如:WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundthegroundcoveredbyfallenleaves.注:動詞have后的復合賓語中,賓語補足語如為過去分詞,常表示該分詞所表示的動作是由別人來執(zhí)行的而不是句中主語自己來執(zhí)行的,如:Ihadmybikerepairedyesterday.昨天我(找別人)把我的自行車給修了。
(4)作狀語:過去分詞作狀語時,相當于一個狀語從句,該結構的邏輯主語一般都是主句的主語,是過去分詞所表示意義的邏輯賓語。為了使作狀語的過去分詞意義更加明確,常在分詞前加when,if,while,though,as等連詞,如:Seenfromthehill/Whenseenfromthehill,ourtownlooksbeautiful.;Givenmoretime/Ifgivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.(we是該結構的邏輯主語,是give的邏輯賓語。)
獨立主格:上述-ing和過去分詞的用法中,-ing和過去分詞在句中均有邏輯主語,但有時它們也能有自己的獨立的主語,這種獨立的主語,一般為名詞或代詞,位于其前之前,和-ing或過去分詞構成獨立主格。獨立主格在句中一般只作狀語用,而-ing和過去分詞作用的形式,則要根據(jù)它們所表示的動作和句中謂語動詞所表示的時間關系而定。至于獨立主格中是使用-ing或是過去分詞,則要根據(jù)它們的主語和其所表示的動作的主動被動關系而定,如:Thebellringing,weallstoppedtalking.注:Theworkhavingbeenfinished,shesatdowntohavearest.①獨立結構中的being或havingbeen??墒∪ィ纾篢hemeeting(being)over,alllefttheroom.②作伴隨狀語的獨立結構??捎脀ith短語來代替,如:Shereadtheletter,tearsrollingdownhercheeks./Shereadtheletterwithtearsrollingdownhercheeks.
2.-ing形式與過去分詞的區(qū)別:
(1)語態(tài)不同:-ing形式表示主動概念,及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動概念。aninspiringspeech鼓舞人心的演說;theinspiredaudience受鼓舞的聽眾。
(2)時間關系不同:現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作一般是正在進行中的動作,而過去分詞所表示的動作,往往是已經(jīng)完成的動作,如:Thechangingworld正在發(fā)生的世界;thechangedworld已經(jīng)起了變化的世界。
重難點剖析:
1.Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecould_______agoodcollege.
A.enterB.toenterC.enteringD.entered
陷阱:容易誤選A。有的同學一看到空格前的情態(tài)動詞could就斷定此處應填動詞原形enter。
分析:其實正確答案應是B。此句為省略句,即在could后省略了動詞do,若把句子補完整應為Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecoulddotoenteragoodcollege。即句中的不定式短語(toenteragoodcollege)是用作目的狀語的,而不是與情態(tài)動詞(could)一起構成謂語。請再看類似例句:
(1)Theydidwhattheycouldtocomforther.他們盡量安慰她。
(2)Theydideverythingtheycouldtosaveherlife.他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3)Hestudiesashardashecouldtocatchupwithhisclassmates.他拼命學習以便趕上他的同學。
值得指出的是,這也并不是說今后只要遇到類似結構的題就一定選帶to不定式。請看以下試題:
(4)Heranasfastashecould_____tocatchtheearlybus.
A.tohopeB.hopeC.hopingD.hoped
此題的答案是C不是A,其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語hopingtocatchtheearlybus用作伴隨狀語。
(5)Hespenteveryminutehecould_____spokenEnglish.
A.practiseB.topracticeC.practisingD.practised
此題答案選C,這與前面動詞spent的搭配有關,即spend…(in)doingsth。若將此句補充完整,即為HespenteveryminutehecouldspendinpractisingspokenEnglish.
(6)Beforegoingabroadhedevotedallhecould____D____hisoralEnglish.
A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimproving
此題答案選D,注意兩點:一是devote…to…是固定搭配,意為“把……貢獻給……”;二是其中的to是介詞,不是不定式符號,后接動詞時要用動名詞。
2.Heknowsnothingaboutit,sohecan’thelp_______anyofyourwork.
A.doingB.todoC.beingdoingD.tobedone
陷阱:容易誤選B,根據(jù)can’thelpdoingsth這一結構推出。
分析:其實答案應選A。比較以下結構:
can’thelptodosth=不能幫助做某事
can’thelpdoingsth=禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一題,答案也是B:
Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.
AcleaningB.tocleanC.cleanedD.beingcleaned
再請看以下試題:
Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.
A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded
此題應選C,句中的can’thelp意為“禁不住”(注意根據(jù)句意用被動形式)。
3.Allhertime_______experiments,shehasnotimeforfilms.
A.devotedtodoB.devotedtodoingC.devotingtodoingD.isdevotedtodoing
陷阱:幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
分析:此題最佳答案為B。現(xiàn)分析如下:
(1)devote意為“致力于,獻身于”,主要用devote…to…或bedevotedto,其中的to是介詞,不是不定式符號,故后接動詞時要用動名詞,不用不定式。
(2)選A錯誤:若將do改為doing則可以。
(3)選B正確:allhertimedevotedtodoingexperiments為獨立主格結構,用作狀語。
(4)選C錯誤:因為allhertime與devote為被動關系,故應將devoting改為devoted。
(5)選D錯誤:若單獨看Allhertimeisdevotedtodoingexperiments,此句并沒有錯,但問題是逗號前后兩個簡單句沒有必要的連接方式,所以從整體上看仍不對,假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,則可選D,或將D將中的is改為being也可選它。
請做以下類似題(答案均選A):
(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,we’rereadytostart.
A.completedB.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.beencompleted
(2)Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.
A.being,supportB.was,supportC.hasbeen,supportingD.is,tosupport
比較以下各題,答案選B,因為句中使用了并列連詞and:
(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,andwe’rereadytostart.
A.completedB.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.beencompleted
(2)Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.
A.being,supportB.was,supportC.hasbeen,supportingD.is,tosupport
4.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.
A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake
陷阱:容易誤選C,受題干中的逗號的影響,認為是現(xiàn)在分詞表結果的用法。
分析:其實答案應選B,句中的逗號相當于連詞and或but,nottomakeitmoredifficult是對逗號前的不定式tomakelifeeasier的補充說明。此句的意思是“新技術的目的是為了使生活變得更容易,而不是使生活變得更困難”。兩個不定式同時用以說明句子主語purpose的內(nèi)容。請做以下類似試題(答案選B):
Thepurposeoftheschemeisnottohelptheemployersbut_____workforyoungpeople.
A.provideB.toprovideC.providingD.provided
5.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands______behindhisback.
A.tobetiedB.beingtiedC.tiedD.havingtied
陷阱:容易誤選B。
分析:最佳答案為C。從意義上看,hands與tie的關系應屬被動關系,故排除D。在A、B、C三個選項中,選項A比較容易排除,因為不定式表示將來意義,在此與語境不符。現(xiàn)將B和C作一比較:B為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式,它表示兩層意義,一是表被動,二是表進行,也就是說hishandsbeingtied的實際意思是“他的手正在被捆住”,這顯然與語境不符。而C為過去分詞,它也表示兩層意義,一是表被動,二是表示動詞的完成或完成后的狀態(tài),此句中的withhishandstiedbehindhisback可視為手被捆在背后的一種狀態(tài)。由此可知最佳答案為C。請看下面一題:
Anyone______tryingtotakeknivesonheardflightswouldbecaughtbythepolice.
A.findsB.foundC.beingfoundD.willfind
答案選B而不選C,其中的過去分詞表示被動和完成。
比較下面兩題,最佳答案是D不是A,現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式表示被動和進行:
(1)Thecourthearsabout120casesayear;visitorsarewelcometoseeacase______.
A.arguedB.tobearguedC.tobearguingD.beingargued
(2)Thesilenceofthelibrarywassometimesbrokenbyanoccasionalcoughorbythesoundofpages_______.
A.turnedB.havingturnedC.tobeturnedD.beingturned
6.Remindme_______themedicinetomorrow.
A.oftakingB.takingC.totakeD.take
陷阱:容易誤選A。受remindsbof(doing)sth這一常用結構的影響。
分析:最佳答案為C。比較以下三個結構:
remindsbof[about]sth=使某人想起某事
remindsbofdoingsth=提醒某人做過某事(暗示動作已發(fā)生)
remindsbtodosth=提醒某人去做某事(暗示動作尚未發(fā)生)
請看兩個例句:
Iremindedhimofhispromise.我提醒他做過的諾言。
Mywiferemindedmeofseeingthatfilm.我妻子提醒我曾經(jīng)看過那部電影。
Canyouremindmetophonehertomorrow?你明天能否提醒我給她打電話?
7.Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternational,_____constantlywillbepartofyourlife.
A.youflyB.yourflightC.flightD.flying
陷阱:幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
分析:最佳答案為D。由于空格后出現(xiàn)了constantly這一副詞,這就說明不能選B或C,因為B、C均為名詞,不能受副詞constantly的修飾。A和D均是可能的,因為其中有動詞fly。但若選A,youfly是一個主謂結構,與其后的謂語willbe相沖突,所以只能選D,即動名詞flying在此用作主語。
8.Notonlyshouldyougetused______underdifficultconditionsbutyoualsoyoupaymoreattention______yourworkwell.
A.towork,todoB.toworking,todoingC.towork,todoingD.toworking,todo
陷阱:容易誤選A,認為兩個空白處均應填不定式。
分析:正確答案為B,因為getusedto與payattentionto這兩個結構中的to均為介詞,不是不定式符號,故后接動詞時要用動名詞,不能動詞原形。類似地,以下各結構中的to也是介詞,不是不定式符號,后接動詞時也應用動名詞,而不是動詞原形:
lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事
beopposedtodoingsth反對做某事
objecttodoingsth反對做某事
sticktodoingsth堅持做某事
getdowntodoingsth開始做某事
taketodoingsth喜歡上做某事
admittodoing承認做了某事
payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事
devoteone’stimetodoingsth把某人的時間用于(奉獻于)做某事
beequaltodoingsth等于做某事,能勝任做某事
Whatdoyousaytodoingsth你認為做某事怎么樣
9.Bothofmyparentsinsisted_______acomputerforme,butIdon’tthinkitisnecessary.
A.tobuyB.buyingC.onbuyingD.inbuying
陷阱:容易誤選B,誤認為insist后不能接不定式,但可以接動名詞。
分析:答案應選C。其實,動詞insist后既不能接不定式也不能接動名詞,因為insist通常用作不及物動詞;若語義上需接賓語,要借助介詞on或upon,即用于insiston[upon](doing)sth;但它有時的確也可用作及物動詞,不過其賓語通常只能是that從句,而不能是普通的名詞、代詞或動名詞。如:
Heinsistedonseeingherhome.他堅持送她回家。
Iinsistedthathe(should)stay.我堅持要他留下。
10.“Doyouhaveanythingmore______,sir?”“No.Youcanhavearestordosomethingelse.”
A.typingB.tobetypedC.typedD.totype
陷阱:容易誤選D,根據(jù)havesthtodo這一常用結構推出。
分析:最佳答案是B。確實,在“have+賓語+不定式”結構中,用作定語的不定式通常用主動式表示被動含義,如Ihavesomeclothestowash等,即盡管其中的someclothes與其后的不定式towash具有被動關系,但卻習慣上用主動式表示被動意義。但值得指出的是,這類句型的主語與其后的不定式具有主動關系,如Ihavesomeclothestowash中的towash就是由該句主語I來完成的。而上面一題的情形有所不同,即其中的totype這一動作不是由句子主語you來完成的,而是由說話者“我”來完成的。比較:
AreyougoingtoShanghai?Doyouhaveanythingtotaketoyourson?你要去上海嗎?你有什么東西要帶給你兒子嗎?
I’mgoingtoShanghainextweek.Ihavealotofthingstotakewithme.下個星期我要去上海,我隨身要帶很多東西去。
11.Shetookherson,ranoutofthehouse,_____himinthecaranddrovequicklytothenearestdoctor’soffice.
A.putB.toputC.puttingD.havingput
陷阱:容易誤選B或C,誤認為這考查非謂語動詞的用法。
分析:正確答案選A。句中的took,ran,put,drove為四并列的謂語動詞,其時態(tài)應一致。類似地如(答案選A):
Igotoutofthetaxi,_____thefareanddashedintothestation.
A.paidB.payingC.topayD.havingpaid
但是,下面一題稍有不同:
Hearingthenews,herushedout,______thebook______onthetableanddisappearedintothedistance.
A.left;lainopenB.leaving;lyingopenC.leaving;lieopenedD.left;layopened
此題答案選B,leaving在此表結果,lyingopen與其前的動詞leave有關,leave后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語,表示使某人或某物處于做某事的狀態(tài)中。
12.Thebossinsistedthateveryminute______madefulluseof______theworkwell.
A.be,todoB.was,doingC.be,doingD.was,todo
陷阱:容易誤選B。
分析:其實正確答案是A。分析如下:
(1)第一空填be,是因為insisted后接that從句,從句謂語要用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣,其中的should也可省略。
(2)第二空要填todo,是因為此句謂語為被動語態(tài),假若將此句轉換成主動語態(tài),則是…shouldmakefulluseofeveryminutetodotheworkwell,句中涉及makeuseof…todosth(利用……做某事)這一結構。另外,還有makethemostof(盡量利用),makethebestof(盡量利用)等短語也可能用于此類試題。請看以下類似例子:
(1)Theoldprofessortolduseverypartofthematerialsshouldbemadeuseof______thepowerstation.
A.tobuildB.buildingC.buildD.built
此題答案選A,不是B。為便于理解,可先考慮以下結構:
…makeuseofeverypartofthematerialstobuildthepowerstation
由此可見,makeuseof的賓語是everypartofthematerials,其后的不定式tobuildthepowerstation為目的狀語。
(2)Doesthewayyouthoughtof_______thewatercleanmakeanysense?
A.makingB.tomakeC.howtomakeD.havingmade
13.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.
A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout
陷阱:幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
分析:答案選A。此句結構較復雜,現(xiàn)分析如下:
(1)thattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear是修飾名詞theplan的定語從句。
(2)由于theplan與空格處的carryout有被動關系,故填過去分詞carriedout。
請做以下類似試題:
(1)Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike_____withyou,aboyoragirl?
A.tohavegoB.tohavetogoC.tohavegoneD.havingtogo
在確定答案之前,我們先來看看下面這個句子:
IthinkI’dliketohaveaboygowithme.
句中的go要用原形,這是因為其前有表示使役的動詞have。在此句中,假若對名詞aboy提問,便可得出:
Whodoyouthinkyou’dliketohavegowithyou?
對照上面一題,答案很顯然是A。
(2)Whodidtheboss_____hiscarthistime?
A.makewashB.maketowashC.makewashingD.makingtowash
在做此題之前,也請先看看下面這個句子:
ThebossmadeJackwashhiscarthistime.
假若對句中的名詞Jack提問,便可得出:
Whodidthebossmakewashhiscarthistime?
由此可知上面題答案為A。
(3)YoucanneverimaginewhatgreatdifficultyIhad______yourhouseallbymyself.
A.foundB.findingC.tofindD.forfinding
此題答案選B。考查的基本結構是havegreatdifficulty(in)doingsth。
14.Howhappyweare!Theholidaywehavebeenlookingforward_______atlast.
A.tohascomeB.tohavecomeC.tohavingcomeD.hascome
陷阱:幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
分析:其實正確答案是A。大家知道,短語lookforwardto意為“盼望”,其中的to是介詞,而不是不定式符號,所以后接動詞要用動名詞,許多同學據(jù)此便選擇了C。但問題是,句中介詞to的賓語不是havecome,而是theholiday。正解的句子分析是:theholiday為句子主語,wehavebeenlookingforwardto是修飾主語的定語從句(介詞to的賓語是引導該定語從句的關系代詞that,被省略),hascome是句子謂語。請做以下類似試題:
(1)Themanyoureferredto_____justnow.
A.comesB.comeC.comingD.came
答案選D,句子主語為theman,youreferredto為修飾theman的定語從句,空白處填came,為句子謂語。
(2)Thetheoryhesticksto______tobeofnouseinourstudies.
A.provesB.proveC.provingD.beproved
答案選A,hesticksto是修飾主語thetheory的定語從句,句子的基本結構為Thetheoryprovestobeofnouseinourstudies.
(3)Theworkhedevotedhistimeto_____worthpraising.
A.wasB.beC.beingD.been
答案選A,hedevotedhistimeto是修飾主語thework的定語從句。句子的基本結構為Theworkwasworthpraising.
(4)Ithinkthisistheveryworkthatwemustfinish____her.
A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped
答案是A。句中空格處填的動詞help并不是finish的賓語,正確的句子分析是:thatImustfinish是修飾名詞theverywork的定語從句,finish的賓語是引導該定語從句的關系代詞that,其后的不定式tohelpher是目的狀語。
(5)Whichdoyouenjoy____yourweekend,swimmingorfishing?
A.spendingB.beingspentC.spendD.tospend
答案選D。enjoy的賓語是句首的疑問詞which,不是其后的動詞spending。此題中的tospend…用作目的狀語。
(5)Whattheboyenjoys_____tohavearoomofhisown.
A.beingB.tobeC.isD.are
答案選C,而不選A。whattheboyenjoys是主語從句,空格處填的is為謂語動詞。
(6)Nothingthathesuggested_____tobeofanyuse.
A.proveB.provedC.provingD.toprove
答案選B,而不選C。句子主語是nothing,thathesuggested是修飾主語的定語從句,suggested的賓語是引導該定語從句的關系代詞that,而不是其后的動詞;句子謂語是proved。全句意為“他建議的情況沒有一條是有用的。”
(7)Theoldhousewepaidavisit_____atthetopofthehill.
A.standingB.tostandC.tostandingD.tostands
答案選D。wepaidavisitto是修飾theoldhouse的定語從句,句中的stands為主句謂語。
(8)Thelifeheisnowused_____quitedifferentfromours.
A.isB.tobeC.tobeingD.tois
答案選D。句中heisnowusedto是修飾thelife的定語從句,to后的動詞is是句子的謂語,句意為“他現(xiàn)在習慣的這種生活與我們的生活很不相同”。
(9)Theworkhepaidspecialattention_____tonothing.
A.cameB.tocomeC.tocomingD.tocame
答案選D。句中的hepaidspecialattentionto是修飾thework的定語從句,to后的動詞came是句子的謂語,句意為“他特別關注的那項工作泡湯了”。
(10)Theresultwhathesaidwouldlead_____hisregretinthefuture.
A.isB.tobeC.tobeingD.towas
答案選D。句中whathesaidwouldleadto是修飾theresult的定語從句,to后的動詞was是句子的謂語,句意為“他所說的話將導致的結果是他今后的后悔”。
15._______theroadroundtotherightandyou’llfindhishouse.
A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed
陷阱:容易誤選B或C,誤認為這是非謂語動詞作狀語。
分析:正確答案選A。根據(jù)句中的連詞and可推知它是一個并列句。假若將此題改為下面這樣,則答案為B:
_______theroadroundtotheright,you’llfindhishouse.
A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed
但是,若改成下面一題這樣,則答案為C(不定式短語表目的):
_______theroadroundtotheright,theblindmanaskedaboytoguidehim.
A.FollowB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Followed
請做以下試題,答案均選A,都是因為句中的并列連詞and(填空句為祈使句):
(1)_______tothetopofthehill,andyoucanseethewholeofthetown.
A.GetB.TogetC.GettingD.Havinggot
(2)______themilkandsetagoodexampletotheotherchildren.
A.DrinkB.TodrinkC.DrinkingD.Havingdrinking
(3)______me,andthentrytocopywhatIdo.
A.WatchB.WatchingC.TowatchD.Havewatching
(4)_____throughthisbookandtellmewhatyouthinkofit.
A.LookB.LookingC.TolookD.Havinglooked
(5)_____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.
A.LeaveB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Whenleft
有時不用連詞連接句子,而用破折號,情況也是一樣(答案均選A)。如:
(6)_____downtheradio—thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.
A.TurnB.TurningC.toturnD.Tohaveturned
(7)_____someofthisjuice—perhapsyouwilllikeit.
A.TryB.TryingC.TotryD.Tohavetried
以下各題也應選A,是因為句中的從屬連詞when,before,until等(填空句為祈使句):
(8)______himenoughtimetogethomebeforeyoutelephone.
A.GiveB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given
(9)______leftwhenyougettotheendofthestreet.
A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept
(10)______yourhandoveryourmouthwhenyoucough.
A.PutB.PuttingC.ToputD.Tobeputting
(11)______untilthelightshaveturnedtogreen.
A.WaitB.TowaitC.WaitingD.Havingwaited
(12)______thepiecesofclothwithaloosestitchbeforefinallysewingthemtogether.
A.JoinB.TojoinC.JoiningD.Joined
以下各題也應選A,因為填空句為祈使句:
(13)Idon’twanttolistenalongstory—just_____metheresult.
A.tellB.tellingC.totellD.tobetelling
(14)Whystandtherewatching—_____andhelpus!
A.comeB.comingC.tocomeD.tobecoming
(15)Don’twasteyourmoneyonsillythings—______it.
A.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.havingsaved
(16)First______thericebywashingit,then______itinboilingwater.
A.prepare,cookB.preparing,cookingC.preparing,cookD.prepare,cooking
(17)Totesteggs,_____theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebad,iftheysinkthey’regood.
A.putB.puttingC.toputD.tobeputting
但是請注意,類似下面這樣的題目情形有所不同,所填部分為目的狀語(用不定式,即答案選B):
(18)______Frenchwell,shewenttoFrancetolivewithhiscousins.
A.StudyB.TostudyC.StudyingD.Havingstudied
(19)_____lateinthemorning,Mr.Smithturnedoffthealarm.
A.SleepB.TosleepC.SleepingD.Havingslept
(20)______thefliesout,wehadtoshutallthedoorsandwindows.
A.KeepB.TokeepC.KeepingD.Havingkept
(21)______theirservice,theworkersofthehotelareactiveinlearningEnglish.
A.ImprovingB.ToimproveC.ImproveD.Havingimproved
1.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting
2.Whenyou’relearningtodrive,_______agoodteachermakesabigdifference.
A.haveB.havingC.andhaveD.andhaving
3.Ifeltitagreathonour______tospeaktoyou.
A.toaskB.askingC.tobeaskedD.havingasked
4.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone
5.Beforeyoudecidetoleaveyourjob,_______theeffectitwillhaveonyourfamily.
A.considerB.consideringC.toconsiderD.considered
6.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.
A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying
7.ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_______.
A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit
8.Anyone_______bags,boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice.
A.seencarryB.seencarryingC.sawtocarryD.sawcarrying
9.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_______someschoolsforpoorchildren.
A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup
10.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_______.
A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught
11.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_______theflower-linedgarden.
A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin
12.Totesteggs,_______theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebad,iftheysinkthey’regood.
A.putB.puttingC.toputD.tobeputting
13.“WhereisDavid?”“Heisupstairs______readytogoout.”
A.togetB.gettingC.tobegettingD.havinggot
14.“Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?”“________enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.”
A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.tobegetting
15.Hewasreadinghisbook,completely_______totheworld.
A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.tohavelost
16.Welookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhere_______.
A.tofindB.tohavefoundC.tobefoundD.beingfound
17.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_______.
A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo
18.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_______inthekitchen.
A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked
19.Findinghercarstolen,_______.
A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughly
C.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp
20.“Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?”“Thekey______theproblemistomeetthedemand______bythecustomers.”
A.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made
21.“WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?”“_______hernewbike.”
A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing
22.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.
A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun
23.Though________money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.
A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin
24.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.
A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited
25.ThoughIhaveoftenheardthissong_______.Ihaveneverheardyou_______it.
A.beingsung,sangB.sang,singingC.sung,singD.tobesung,tosing
26.Heisamanoffewwords,andseldomspeaksuntil_______to.
A.spokenB.speakingC.speakD.bespoken
27.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson_______.
A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto
28._______ontime,thismedicinewillbequiteeffective.
A.TakingB.BeingtakenC.TakenD.Havingtaken
29.Thefilmstarwalkedtohiscar,______acrowdofjournalists.
A.followedbyB.followingbyC.tofollowD.tobefollowedby
30.Afterdescribingtheplannedimprovements,shewenton_______howmuchtheywouldcost.
A.toexplainB.explainingC.tobeexplainingD.havingexplained
31.Pleaseexcuseme_______yourletterbymistake.
A.toopenB.tohaveopenedC.foropeningD.inopening
32.Pleaseremember_______theplantswhileI’maway.
A.wateringB.tobewateringC.towaterD.beingwatering
33.CertainlyIpostedyourletter—Iremember______it.
A.postingB.topostC.tobepostingD.haveposted
34.Stop_______metohurryup.Icanonlygosofast.
A.totellB.tellingC.tohavetoldD.havingtold
35.Remember_______offthelightwhen_______tobed.
A.turning,goingB.toturn,togoC.turning,togoD.toturn,going
36._______time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.
A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given
37._______in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.
A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedFoundedD.Founding
38.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe________.
A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars
39.Thepicture_______onthewallispaintedbymynephew.
A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung
40.Withalotofdifficultproblems________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
A.settledB.settingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
41.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.
A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen
42.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.
A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited
43.“Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?”“I’dliketohavethispackage_______.”
A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed
44.Whathavewesaid_______hersohappy?
A.makesB.tomakeC.madeD.hasmade
45.Whatworriedthechildmostwas______tovisithismotherinthehospital.
A.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowedChisbeingnotallowedD.havingnotbeingallowed
46.“Whichsweaterisyours?”“Theone_______No.9.”
A.thatmarkedB.wasmarkedwithC.whichmarkedD.markedwith
47.Ifthecarwon’tstart,_____it.
A.trypushB.trypushingC.totrypushingD.totrytopush
48.Theystayedupuntilmidnight_____theoldyearoutandthenewyearin.
A.andsawB.toseeC.seeingD.forseeing
答案與解析:
1.選D。catchsbdoingsth意為“碰上某人在做某事”或“逮住某人做某事”。
2.選B。這是一個含when引導時間狀語從句的主從復合句,havingagoodteacher在主句中用作主語。
3.選C。句中的it為形式主語,不定式tobeaskedtospeaktoyou為真正主語,因“我”與ask為被動關系,故用被動式。
4.選B。like和love后接不定式或動名詞均可,但wouldlove/like后只能接不定式,據(jù)此可排除選項C、D。表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望,其后要接不定式完成式,即選B。
5.選A,before引導的是時間狀語從句,填空句為主句,而此主句為一祈使句,故動詞用原形。其中itwillhave…為修飾名詞theeffect的賓語從句。
6.選A。根據(jù)句中的studied可知,他曾到國外留過學,也就是說“留學”這個動作已結束并發(fā)生在謂語動作(issaid)之前,故用完成式,即選A。
7.選C。dowith與what連用可以表示“處置”、“放置”、“利用”等。如:
WhatshallIdowithit?怎樣處置它好呢?
Whathaveyoudonewithmyumbrella?你把我的雨傘放到哪里去了?
Idon’tknowwhattodowiththisstrangeobject.我不知道這怪東西有什么用。
8.選B。anyoneseencarryingbags…為anyonewhowasseencarryingbags之略,其中過去分詞短語seencarryingbags…用作定語修飾代詞anyone。另外,句中的whowasseencarryingbags為seesbdoingsth這一結構的被動式。
9.選B。devote…to…的意思是“把……貢獻給……”或“致力于……”,其中to是介詞,不是不定式符號,若后接動詞要用動名詞。句中的hehad為定語從句,用以修飾all,注意不將hadto視為同一個語義結構。
10.選C。leadto意為“導致”,其中的to是介詞,不是不定式符號,若后接動詞要用
動名詞。由于邏輯主語thethief與catch為被動關系,故答案選C。
11.選D。lookforwardto意為“期盼”,其中to是介詞,后接動詞要用動名詞。注意不能選B,因為payavisit不能帶theflower-linedgarden作賓語,假若在payingavisit后加上介詞to,則可選B。
12.選A。句首的totesteggs為目的狀語,填空句為祈使句謂語,故要用動詞原形。
13.選B?,F(xiàn)在分詞短語表伴隨。
14.選C。togetenoughproteinandnutrition表目的。
15.選A。(be)losttosth為習語,意為“不再受某事物的影響”、“將某事物置之度外”。
16.選C。因keys與find是被動關系。
17.選A。不定式的否定式總是將否定詞not置于不定式符號to之前,而不能置于其后,同時結合tellsb(not)todosth這一結構可排除選項C、D。當不定式的動詞是前面已出現(xiàn)過的相同的動詞時,為避免重復,通常省略該不定式而只保留不定式符號to。
18.選B。find后可接現(xiàn)在分詞(表示動作在進行)或過去分詞(表被動關系)作賓語補足語,但是不接不定式。另外,由于he與smoke是主動關系,故選B。
19.選D。非謂語動詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語就是句子主語。比較四個選項,findinghercarstolen的邏輯主語顯然是she,而不是apoliceman,thearea,it等,故選D。
20.選B。thekeyto…意為“……的關鍵”,其中的to是介詞,不是不定式符號,若后接動詞要用動名詞。另一方面,名詞demand與make是被動關系(makedemands提出要求),同時根據(jù)句中的bythecustomers,可確定答案選B。
21.選C。答句是針對疑問詞what的回答,而問句中的疑問詞what在句中用作主語,所以答句也應是一個能用作主語的東西,比較四個選項,只有C合適。其完整回答形式為LosinghernewbikemadeMarysoupset.比較,下面一題要填不定式,因為四個選項中只有Tochooseanewchairman能回答疑問詞why:
“Whywasaspecialmeetingcalled?”“______anewchairman.”
A.ChooseB.Choosing
C.TochooseD.Chosen
22.選D。由于theresearch與begin是被動關系,故用過去分詞begun。Oncebegun可視為onceitisbegun之省略。
23.選C。由于hisparents與lackmoney(缺錢)是主動關系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞,又因為lack是及物動詞,故后接賓語無需用介詞,故選C。
24.選D。非謂語動詞的否定式要將否定詞not放在整個非謂語動詞之前,據(jù)此可排除A、C。另外,由于Tony與invite是被動關系,故選D。
25.C。第一空填sung,因為song與sing是被動關系;第二空填sing,因為you與sing是主動關系。
26.選A。untilspokento可視為untilheisspokento之略。
27.選C,不定式短語tosenditto用作狀語,修飾其前的名詞theperson。注意句尾的介詞to不能省略,因為被修飾的名詞theperson為介詞to的邏輯賓語。
28.選C。thismedicine與動詞take為被動關系,故用過去分詞。
29.選A。從句意上看,人群跟在明星后面,反過來,明星便是被人群跟著。
30.選A。goondoingsth=繼續(xù)做同一事情,goontodosth=做完某事后續(xù)繼做某事。
31.選C。excusesbfordoingsth意為“原諒某人做了某事”。
32.選C。rememberdoingsth=記住曾經(jīng)做過的事,remembertodosth=記住要做的事。
33.選A。rememberdoingsth=記住曾經(jīng)做過的事,remembertodosth=記住要做的事。
34.選B。根據(jù)下文的Icanonlygosofast知前文應是叫對方不要老催自己快走。比較:stopdoingsth=停止做某事,stoptodosth=停下正在做的事去干另一事。
35.選D。一是分清以下兩個結構:remembertodosth=記住做某事,rememberdoingsth=記住曾做過某事;二是注意whengoingtobed相當于whenyougotobed。
36.選D。由于動詞give與其邏輯主語he是動賓關系,故用過去分詞,即選D。其中Giventime可視為Ifheisgiventime之略。
37.C。由于Harvard(哈佛大學)與found(建立)是被動關系,且因句中有in1636,故選C。注意不能選B,否則前后兩句之間缺少必要的連詞。
38.選D,由于remain為不及物動詞,所以包含過去分詞remained的A和C不宜選(因為兩者均含有被動意味);選項B也不宜選,不定式toremain用作修飾20dollars的后置定語,由于彼此之間有邏輯上的動賓關系,故不妥(因為remain不及物)?,F(xiàn)在分詞remaining的意思是“剩下的“。
39.選B。動詞hang表示“懸掛”時,可用作及物或不及物動詞,此處填hanging或hung均可,但不能填beinghung,因為它表示動作正在進行,而此處表示的是一種懸掛的狀態(tài)。
40選C?!皐ith+名詞+不定式”的意思是“有……要……”。又如:
Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.要洗這些衣服,我無法出去了。
WithsuchgoodcardrestocarryouttheParty’spolicywefeelsafe.有這樣的好干部執(zhí)行黨的政策,我們感到放心。
41.選B。remain作“尚需”解,是連系動詞,其后要接不定式作表語。由于see與it(形式主語,指whethertheywillenjoyit)是動賓關系,因此用不定式的被動式。
42.選D。否定詞not應放在動名詞之前,故排除A、C;又因為Tony與invite是被動關系,故選D。
43.選D?!癶ave+名詞或代詞+過去分詞”結構在此表示“請某人做某事”。
44.選B。tomakehersohappy是結果狀語。注意詞序Whathavewe…,不是Whatwehave…。比較下面一題(答案選D):
Whatwehavesaid________hersohappy.
A.makesB.tomake
C.madeD.hasmade
45.選B。否定詞not應放在-ing形式之前,邏輯主語his之后,由此可排除C和D;又因為thechild與allow是被動關系,故選B。
46.選D。markedwith可視為whichismarkedwithNo.9之略。
47.選B。注意句首為if引導的條件狀語從句,填空句為祈使句,故第一個動詞應是try,不應是totry;另外,trydoingsth的意思是“做某事試試看有何效果”。
48.選B。不定式表目的。
1.—Canyourideahorse?—No,Ineverhadthechance____.
A.forlearningitB.forlearninghowC.howtolearnitD.tolearnhow
2.Paulsaid,“Givemeachair_____.”
A.tositB.sitC.sitonD.tositon
3.Irantoofast______whereIwasgoing.
A.tonoticeB.formetonoticeC.tonoticeformeD.andnotice
4.—Haveyouenjoyedyourvisithere?—Yes,I’llbeverysorry______.
A.forleavingB.ofleavingC.toleaveD.withleaving
5.—I’llhelpyouwheneveryouneedme.—Good.I’dlike_____metomorrow.
A.youhelpingB.thatyouwillhelpC.youtohelpD.thatyouhelp
6.—Ididn’thearyoucomeinlastnight.—That’sgood.Wetried_____noisy.
A.notbeB.nottobeC.tobenotD.tonotbe
7.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyreduced,thiscityisstill______.
A.agoodplacewhichtobelivedinB.livedasagoodplace
C.agoodplacetoliveinD.livinginasagoodplace
8.—Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?—______newofficers.
A.SelectB.SelectingC.ToselectD.Forselecting
9.—Wheredidhego?—Hewenttoanotherstore______.
A.tobuypencilsB.forbuyingpencilsC.buypencilsD.buyingpencils
10.—Mybabyhasahearttrouble.—Didthedoctorfinditdifficult______?
A.intreatingB.treatingC.fortreatingD.totreat
11.—Didthejudgeaskyoumanyquestions?—Yes,and______.
A.theyweredifficulttobeansweredB.toanswerthemwastobedifficult
C.theyweredifficulttoanswerD.theyhaddifficultyinanswering
12.Thatbeggarseems_____anythingyesterday.
A.nottohaveeatenB.nottoeatC.didn’teatD.tonothaveeaten
13.Thelostchilddesirednothingbut_____home.
A.goB.togoC.goingD.went
14.Thatboxis____.
A.tooheavyformetocarryB.tooheavyformetocarryit
C.soheavyformetocarryD.veryheavyformetocarry
15.Wouldyoube______todomeafavour,please?
A.sokindasB.tookindC.askindasD.enoughkind
16.TolearntospeakEnglishwell,_____.
A.muchpracticeisneededB.oneneedsmuchpractice
C.muchpracticeisneededbyoneD.oneisneededmuchpractice
17.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______losehisjob.
A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto
18.LastsummerItookacourseon______.
A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade
19.Thehouseisnotlargeenough____.
A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forliving
20.Nobodylikes______.
A.tospeakillofB.tobespokenillofC.speakingillofD.spokenillof
21.Iknowhim______agoodfootballplayerwhileincollege.
A.tohavebeenB.tobeC.wasD.hadbeen
22.Iwassurprised______.
A.watchinghimtoeatsoquicklyB.watchhimeatsoquickly
C.watchinghimeatsoquicklyD.towatchhimeatsoquickly
23.Mr.Whitewasseen______thePalaceMuseum.
A.enterB.toenterC.enteredD.toentering
24.IsawMary____thehouse.
A.openthedoorandgointoB.toopenthedoorandtogointo
C.openthedoorandtogointoD.openthedoorandwentinto
25.Pauldoesnothingbut_____alldaylong.
A.playB.toplayC.playingD.played
26.Nowwecouldnotdoanythingbut______forhimhere.
A.waitedB.waitingC.towaitD.wait
27.Idon’tknowherandIdon’t______.
A.wantB.wanttoC.wantitD.towant
28.—Gotothetheatrewithme,willyou?—Ishouldlike______,butIdon’thavetime.
A.toB.tooC.todoD.togoto
29.Toplayfairisasimportantas______.
A.toplaywellB.playwellC.weplaywellD.playingwell
30.Itisthegreatesthappinessonearth______.
A.lovingandtobelovedB.toloveandbeingloved
C.toloveandtobelovedD.loveandbeloved
31._____isbettertolovethan_____.
A.That,tobelovedB.That,belovedC.It,belovedD.It,tobeloved
32.It’sveryfoolish_____it?
A.foryoutosayB.ofyoutosayC.withyousayingD.inyoursaying
33.It______metwohourstofindyournewhouse.
A.costB.tookC.spentD.used
34.Wedidnotexpectouroffer_____soquickly.
A.rejectedB.torejectC.toberejectedD.rejecting
35.Hetoldher______thereatonce.
A.getB.getsC.shouldgetD.toget
36.Weallthinkitmostfoolish______thismistake.
A.foryoumakingB.ofyoutomakeC.youtomakeD.foryoutomake
37.Ireallydon’tknow____.
A.toswimB.howtoswimC.toswimhowD.howswim
38.—WhatdoyouthinkaboutEnglish?—It’sadifficultlanguage_____
A.speakingB.tobespokenC.tospeakD.spoken
1~5DDACC6~10BCCAD11~15CABAA16~20BBAAB
21~25ADBAA26~30DBAAC31~35DBBCD36~38BBC
1.Aliensaidthathistripwas_______.
A.interestedB.interestC.interestingD.ofinterest
2.Wecan’tunderstand______adecisionuntilitistoolate.
A.himtopostponetomakeB.hispostponingtomake
C.himtopostponemakingD.hispostponingmaking
3.Icouldn’tunderstand______atthepoorchild.
A.youtolaughB.youlaughC.whylaughD.youlaughing
4.It’snouse______withhim.Youmightaswell______withastonewall.
A.arguing,argueB.toargue,arguingC.arguing,arguingD.toargue,argue
5.Itisnogood______today’sworkfortomorrow.
A.toleaveB.leavingC.thatyouleaveD.leave
6.Theoldman’s______pityonthesnakeledtohisowndeath.
A.takeB.takingC.beingtakenD.have
7.It’sverykind______you______sayso.
A.of,toB.for,toC.to,toD.of,/
8.Somepeople’sgreatestpleasureis______.
A.fishingB.tofishC.tobefishD.beingfishing
9.Remember______thebook,whenyouhavefinishedit.
A.puttingbackB.havingputbackC.toputbackD.willputback
10.Youdidn’thearuscomebacklastnight.That’sgood.Wetried______noisy.
A.tonotbeB.nottobeC.beingnotD.notbeing
11.Thoughhefailed,hetried_______itagainandagain.
A.todoB.doingC.doD.done.
12.You’llregret______thosewords.Youmayhurtherfeelings.
A.sayB.tosayC.havingsaidD.tohavesaid
13.Youcankeepthebookuntilyou______.
A.havefinishedreadingB.finishtoread
C.willfinishreadingD.havefinishedtoread
14.Wearelookingforwardto______anotherchance______itagain.
A.begiven,totryB.give,totryC.giving,tryingD.having,totry
15.Mostofthestudentsenjoy_____stamps.
A.collectB.tocollectC.collectingD.collected
16.Excusemefor_____inwithout______.
A.coming,askingB.coming,beingasked
C.tocome,askingD.tocome,beingasked
17.Peoplecouldn’thelp______thefoolishgirl.
A.laughatB.tolaughatC.laughingatD.laughing
18.“Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?”“Oh.excellent,it’sworth_______asecondtime.”
A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread
19.“Iusuallygotherebytrain.”“Whynot______byboatforachange?”
A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing
20.Iwastooexcited______.
A.speakB.tospeakC.nottospeakD.speaking
21.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.
A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented
22.Itisnouse_____tocomenow.Heisbusy.
A.askhimB.toaskhimC.thatyouaskhimD.askinghim
23.Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands_______behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied
24.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter____afterdrinking.
A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdriviD.neverdrive.
25.Thecomputercentre,______lastyearisverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.
A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened.
26.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?
A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying
27.Mostoftheartists______totheparty‘werefromSouthAfrica.
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited
28.Englishisalanguage______inmanycountries.
A.spokenB.speakingC.bespokenD.tospeak
29.“Canyouread?”Marysaidtothenotice.
A.angrily,pointingB.andpointangrily
C.angrily,pointedD.andangrilypointing
30.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstofTight.
A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed
31.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven
32._____theirstudents,thefamousteachercameintothehall.
A.FollowedB.Followedby
C.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowed
33.Yourflatneeds_____.Wouldyoulikemeitforyou?
A.toclean,todoB.cleaning,doing
C.cleaning,todoD.tobecleaned,doing
34.Doesyournewsecretary____shorthand?
A.knowtotakeB.knowhowtotakeC.knowhowtakeD.knowhowtaking
35.Tommyhadhisbigbrother_____hisshoesforhim.
A.totieB.tieC.tiedD.tying
36.Wouldyouplease______writeonthetextbooks?
A.don’tB.nottoC.notD.tonot
37.I’d______theoperationunlessitisabsolutelynecessary.
A.rathernothaveB.rathernottohaveC.notratherhadD.rathernothaving
38.YourmotherandIarelookingforward________you.
A.ofseeingB.forseeingC.toseeD.toseeing
39.Thegirlcouldn’t_____howredhisfacewas.
A.helptonoticeB.behelpingtonoticeC.behelpingnoticingD.helpnoticing
40.Excuseme,butitistimetohaveyourtemperature______.
A.takingB.totakeC.takeD.taken
答案
1~5CDDAB6~10BAACB11~15BCADC16~20BCCDB21~25CDDAD26~30DAAAB31~35ABCBB36~40CADDD
1.Thereisnoquestionof_____abletofinishithimself.
A.TomwasB.Tom’sbeingC.Tom’sbeD.Tomis
2.Thenewshoppingcenter_____nowwillbeputintousebytheendofthisyear.
A.builtB.bebuiltC.beingbuiltD.tobebuilt
3.“Haveyouhadsupper?”“Notyet.Themeal_____.”
A.arebeingcookedB.isbeingcookedC.iscookedD.arecooked
4.“I’mglad______youhereinthehotel.”“It’smygreatpleasuretohaveyou______us.”
A.meeting,toB.tohavemet,withC.havingmet,amongD.tomeet,of
5.I’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself_____inEnglish.
A.understandingB.understandC.tobeunderstoodD.understood
6.Althoughinahurry,Wilson______.
A.couldn’tstopwalkingB.couldn’thelpthestranger
C.stoppedtohelpthestrangerD.didn’tanswerthestranger
7.Janetiseasy_____.
A.forgettingalongwithB.bygettingalongwithC.togetalongwithD.gotalongwith
8.Don’tforget______thelightwhenyouleave.
A.turnoffB.toturnoffC.turningoffD.turnedoff
9.Themotherisveryglad;herbabyisbeginning______.
A.understandingwhatshemeansB.tounderstandthatshemeant
C.tounderstandwhatshemeansD.noticingwhatshemeans,
10.Ithinkthisstoryis_____.
A.worthbeingreadB.worthreadingC.worthtoreadD.worthofreading
11.Thisscientistisaman______praise.
A.worthtoB.worthytobeC.worthyofD.worth
12.Idon’twant______anymoretrouble,yousee?
A.therebeingB.ittobeC.itbeingD.theretobe
13.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething______.
A.stealingB.missedC.stolenD.tosteal
14.Strictly_____,itisn’tworththepriceyouareasking.
A.tospeakB.speakingC.speakD.spoken
15.Time______,they’llcomeheretowatchus______football.
A.permitted,playingB.permitted,toplayC.permitting,playD.permitting,toplay
16.Themanwasseen_____intothecourtyard.
A.stealingB.stolenC.bestealingD.hadstolen
17.Bobshouldlove_____tothepartytomorrowevening.
A.takingB.tobetakenC.totakeD.beingtaken
18.Tomhadnochoicebut____theclassroomwithhisclassmates.
A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleans
19.Mr.Brownsaidthathiscarneeded
A.toberepairedB.beingrepairedC.berepairingD.torepair
20.Theoldmandidn’tknowwhethertosellthecaror____.
A.beingkeptforlateruseB.keptforlateruse
C.tokeepitforlateruseD.tobekeptitforlateruse
21.Thenoiseofthedesks_____couldbeheardinthenextclassroom.
A.beingopenedandclosedB.openedandclosed
C.havingbeenopenedandclosedD.tobeopenedandclosed
22.Iremember_____someone____theumbrellaaway.
A.tosee,takeB.havingseen,totakeC.tosee,totakeD.havingseen,take
23.Shewasnoticed______theshop.
A.toenterB.enterC.havingenteredD.entered
24.Icouldn’thelp_____whenIheardthejoke.
A.beinglaughedB.laughingC.tobelaughingD.tolaugh
25._____,sheburstintotears.
A.DeeplymovedB.Deeplymoving
C.AsshedeeplymovedD.Asshewasdeeplymoving
26.Theproblemrequires______.
A.studyingwithgreatcareB.tostudycarefully
C.tobestudiedwithoutcarelessnessD.takinggreatcareofstudyingit
27._____carelessly,theboymademistakeshereandthere..
A.beingwrittenB.WroteC.WriteD.Writing
28.Hewouldrather______hisparentswiththeirhouseworkthan_____outtoplaygames.
A.tohelp,togoB.help,goC.help,togoD.tohelp,go
29.Theboyhadhisleg_____while____football.
A.broken,playingB.break,playC.broken,playedD.broke,wasplaying
30.Havingfinishedthework,_____.
A.itwasalmostsixo’clockB.apostmancameanddeliveredtheeveningpaperandsomeletters
C.supperhadbeenalreadypreparedD.wehadarestandthenhadsupper
31.Heisill.Hehaskept_____.
A.coughingallalongB.tocoughatnightC.coughsinceyesterdayD.beingcougheddayandnight
32.Itisnouse____without_____.
A.totalk,doingB.taking,beingdoneC.talking,doingD.beingtalked,beingtodo
33.“Iusuallygotherebyboat.”“Whynot_____bytrainforachange?”
A.trygoingB.totrygoingC.tryingtogoD.totryandgo
34._____,shefeltquiteshyattheparty.
A.AssheastrangerB.BeingastrangerC.AccordingtoastrangerD.Shelikeastranger
35.Everymorninghegetsupearlyandpractises______andthen_____toschool.
A.toreadEnglish,goB.readingEnglish,going
C.readingEnglish,goesD.ofreadingEnglish,goes
36.While_____footballontinplayground,Ifound‘mykeys______.
A.playing,lostB.play,losingC.played,beinglostD.havingplayed,lost
37.____thesamemistakesagainmadehisparentsveryangry.
A.HishavingmadeB.HehasmadeC.HehadmakingD.Himmaking
38.Dickmadeit______toallhisfriends.
A.toknowB.knownC.knowD.knowing
39.Annaspendsonehouraday_____spokenEnglish.
A.practiseB.topractiseC.onpractisingD.inpractising
40.Noonewassurprisedat_____theexamination.
A.hepassingB.hispassC.himpassD.hispassing
41.Althoughswimmingishisfavouritesport,yethedoesn’tlike_____today.
A.toswimB.swimmingC.swimD.tohaveswim
42.Shesatatthedeskandsetabout_____alettertoherfriend.
A.towriteB.writingC.writeD.written
43.Thissoupiscold;itneeds_____.
A.toheatB.tobeheatedC.beinghotD.heated
44.Iwent______aballoonbutIdidn’tseeanyone_____balloons.
A.tobuy,tosellB.tobuy,sellingC.buying,sellingD.buying,tosell
45.Annaisoftenheard_____songsinherroom
A.sungB.singingC.singD.tosing
46.Themoreyoupractise______English,thebetteryour_____Englishwillbe.
A.tospeak,speakingB.speaking,spokenC.spoken,spokenD.spoken,speaking
答案
1~5BCBBD6~10CCBCB11~15CDCBC16~20ABAAC21~25ADABA26~30ADBAD
31~35ACABC36~40AABDD41~46ABBBDB
延伸閱讀
高考英語非謂語動詞
非謂語動詞
I.概述
1.基本形式的變化:
不定式:
時態(tài)
主動態(tài)
被動態(tài)
一般式
todo
tobedone
進行式
tobedoing
完成式
tohavebuilt
tohavebeenbuilt
Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.(一般式的主動態(tài))
Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被動態(tài))
Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(進行式)
Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主動態(tài))
Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedseveralcenturiesago.(完成式的被動態(tài))
v-ing形式
時態(tài)
主動態(tài)
被動態(tài)
一般式
doing
beingdone
完成式
havingdone
havingbeendone
注意:不及物動詞沒有被動式
動名詞
Iamsureofhiscomingintime.(一般式主動態(tài))(=Iamsurethathewillcomeintime)
Heisproudofbeingselectedasmonitor.(一般式被動態(tài))(=Heisproudthatheisselectedasmonitor.)
I’mconfidentofhishavingpassedtheexam.(完成式主動態(tài))
(=Iamconfidentthathehavepassedtheexam.)
Hecomplainedofhavingbeencheatedbyothers.(完成式被動態(tài))
現(xiàn)在分詞
Hesatinachair,readinganovel.(一般式主動態(tài))
Beingexhaustedbywork,hefellasleepquickly.(一般式被動態(tài))
Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成式主動態(tài))
Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成式被動態(tài))
2.所做成分
項目/成分
主語
表語
賓語
賓補
定語
狀語
動詞的ing形式
現(xiàn)在分詞
△
△
△
△
動名詞
△
△
△
△不定式
△
△
△
△
△
△
過去分詞
△
△
△
△
注:現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式、過去分詞都可以作獨立成分。
II.基本知識
1.動詞不定式在句中充當?shù)某煞?p>①作主語。
Toseeonceisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.
Tomakemoneyisnottheonlypurposeofourlife.賺錢不是我們生活的唯一目的
在很多情況下,常用it來充當動詞不定式的形式主語。
ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.對我們來說學好英語是非常重要的。
②作動詞的賓語,常用在以下動詞后:
help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long,(happen,seem)
Hemanagedtopasstheexam.他成功地通過了考試。
Hepromisedtobehereatnine.他答應9點鐘到這兒。
Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.我沒有料到在這兒見到你。
在某些復合賓語中,用it做形式賓語,而把不定式放到后面去。
Heconsidereditbettertoleavenow.他認為最好現(xiàn)在就離開。
Ifounditimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.我發(fā)現(xiàn)準時完成這項工作是不可能的。
③作定語(常置于名詞之后)。
由only,last,next序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式做定語;不定式還可用作名詞
代詞的的賓語(ability,anything,attempt,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,
intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something)
Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.
Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.他總是最后一個離開辦公室。
Idon’tthinkheisthebestmantodothejob.我想他不是做這項工作的最佳人選。
Ihavenodesiretotravel.
You’llfindsomethingtointerestyouhere.
注:動詞不定式to后所接動詞若是不及物動詞,而不定式與其修飾的動詞之間有動賓關系,這個不定式后就應有必要的介詞。
Ihaven’tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.
Ifoundnoonetoplaywith.
④作狀語
Iwalkedslowlyontheiceinordernottofalldown.(不至于跌倒)(表目的)
Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.(表結果)
Hetriedonlytofail.(結果沒有成功)
Shewashappytohearthenews.(表原因)
不定式常用于修飾下列形容詞:
able,afraid,angry,anxious,apt,careful,careless,certain,clever,considerate,delighted,difficult,eager,easy,fit,frightened,happy,interesting,likely,lucky,quick,ready,reluctant,right,sorry,surprised,sure,thoughtful,thoughtless,unable,unwilling,wrongetc.
Frenchisdifficulttolearn.法語難學。
I’msorrytointerruptyou,butIhaveto.
⑤作獨立副詞成分。
Tospeakfrankly,Idon’tlikeyourattitude.
⑥與疑問詞連用。疑問代詞who,what,which和疑問副詞when,where,how等后加動詞不定式,構成不定式短語,可在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。
Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.什么時候出發(fā)還沒有定。
Theproblemishowtogetthereontime.問題是怎樣才能準時到達哪兒。
注意:
①在有些動詞后常用疑問詞+動詞不定式的結構。這類動詞有:know,ask,tell,show,wonder,consider,understand,learn,instruct,guess,see,explain,discover,imagine,think,hear等。
Hedidn’tknowwhattodonext.
Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertogotoJapan.我沒有決定是否到日本去。
②不定式的復合結構
由for+名詞或代詞+動詞不定式構成的復合結構在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、狀語等。
ItisnecessaryforyoutofinishtheworkbeforeFriday.你們有必要在星期五前做完這項工
Hisideaisforustotravelindifferentcars.他的主意是讓我們乘不同的車去旅游。
由of引出的不定式復合結構,經(jīng)常與以下形容詞連用:brave,careless,,clever,courageous,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,rash,right,rude,stupid,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong,wise等。
It’skindofyoutosayso.
It’sbraveofyoutogointotheburningbuildingtosavethebaby!
你真勇敢,沖進著火的大樓里救這個嬰兒
③不帶to的動詞不定式
▲在有些使役動詞及感官動詞后可用省略to的動詞不定式,如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等。
Theteacheroftenmakesmerewritethecomposition.老師常常讓我把作文重寫。
將該句轉換成被動語態(tài):Iamoftenmadebytheteachertorewritethecomposition.
Iheardhersaythatshewasfedup.
▲在下列結構后常用不帶to的動詞不定式:hadbetter,wouldrather,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,donothingbut等。
I’dbettergonow,orI’llmissthetrain.
Theycannotbutaccepthisadvice.我只好接受他的建議。
▲在except,but之前有動詞do作實義動詞,則except,but后一般接不帶to的動詞不定式,反之則接帶to的動詞不定式。
Wehavenochoicebuttowait.我們除了等待別無選擇(我們只好等待)。
Thereisnochoicebuttogothere.
Thereisnothingtodobutto(to可省略)readabook.
▲在why,whynot結構中,緊接其后的動詞不定式不帶to
Whyarguewithhim?
Whynotsendthosebooksback?為什么不把那些書送回去?
2.動名詞在句中充當?shù)某煞?p>①作主語
Askingforhelpissometimesnecessary.請求幫助有時是必要的。
Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.吃得太多對你的健康不利。
Teachingofferssomethingbesidesmoneyandpower.
②作補語、表語
Seeingisbelieving.
Wecallsuchanactcheating.我們稱這樣的行為為作弊/欺騙行為。
③作以下及物動詞及詞組的的賓語
建議冒險去獻身:advise,suggest,risk,devoteoneselfto
忍受期待不停頓:bear/stand(忍受),lookforwardto,stop
放棄延期悔失去:giveup,delay,putoff,regret,miss
堅持欣賞(想)要(實)踐(完)成:keep(on)/insiston/stickto,enjoy/appreciate,feellike,practice,finish
注意原諒避反對:payattentionto,excuse,escape,avoid,objectto
考慮要求不自禁:consider,require,cannothelp
允許習慣不介意:forbid;permit,be/getusedto/beaccustomedto,mind
值得開始想動名:beworth,setabout,imagine
Themotherdidagreetolettheboyriskswimmingacrosstheriver.冒險游過河
Hiswifedoesntallowsmokinginsidetheroombutallowshimtosmokeoutsidetheroom
他的妻子不允許在室內(nèi)抽煙,但是允許他在室外抽。
Alloftheminsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger.
他們所有的人都堅持要我再跟他們多呆幾天時間。
Imlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.
Beingillforafewdays,shedoesntfeellikeeatinganything.不想吃任何東西
另在want,need,require等動詞后,常用動名詞的主動形式表示被動的意思(主語與動名詞之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系)。
Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)
⑤作定語
它與被修飾詞之間沒有邏輯上的主謂關系,通常只表示用途或與所修飾的名詞有關的動作。
Thefactorybuiltaswimmingpoollastyear.游泳池
Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.教學方法
⑥作同位語
Hishobby,makingmodelairplanes,isveryinteresting.
注意:
①動名詞的復合結構
動名詞的復合結構由物主代詞或名詞所有格+動名詞構成。如果不是在句子開頭,這種結構??梢杂擅~的普通格或人稱代詞賓格+動名詞構成,在句中可作主語、賓語等。例如:
Doyoumindmyclosingthedoor?Doyoumindmeclosingthedoor?
Myclosingthedoormadehimangry.
Ican’tstandLaoChang’stalkinglikethataboutothercomrades.
②動名詞的某些固定結構
▲Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名詞+doingsth.
Itisnousecrying.哭沒有用。
Itisnogoodobjecting.反對也沒有用。
Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.設法解釋是浪費時間。
▲Itis+useless+doingsth.
Itisuselessspeaking.光說沒用。
▲Thereisno+v-ing“…是不可能的”。
Thereisnoknowinghowoldsheis.(=Itisimpossibletoknowhowoldsheis.)
Thereisnotellingwhereshe’sgone.(=Itisimpossible/difficulttoknowwhereshe’sgone.)
▲makeapointof+doing“認為…是必要的”
OurfamilymakeapointofgoingtochurcheverySunday.(=OurfamilymakeitaruletogotochurcheverySunday.)
▲beonthepointof+doing“瀕臨,將要…”
Hewasonthepointofleaving.
▲on(upon)+doing“一…就…”
Onhearingthenews,Ichangedmyplans.(=AssoonasIheardthenews,Ichangedmyplans.)
▲go+doing(大部分指運動和游戲)
Hewentshopping/hiking/swimming/fishingetc.
▲動名詞短語常用在以下結構中
havedifficulty(in)+doingsth
havetrouble(in)+doingsth
havefun(in)+doingsth/
haveagoodtime(in)+doingsth/haveahardtime(in)+doingsth
▲feellike+名詞“想要”=wouldliketo+原形動詞
Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?你想看電影嗎?
Idontfeellikereadingtonight.今晚我不想讀書。
3.分詞在句中充當?shù)某煞?p>①作定語。作定語的分詞如果是單個分詞,放在所修飾的名詞前;如果是分詞短語則放在所修飾的名詞后面。在用作定語時,分詞在意思上接近一個定語從句。
Theboringsnowmadetheboredboysgohome.(=Thesnowwasboring,sotheboysweeboredandwent home.)
Chinaisadevelopingsocialistcountry.發(fā)展中的社會主義國家
Themanwritingtheobituary(訃告)ismyfriend.
(=Themanwhoiswritingtheobituaryismyfriend.)
Thebrokenglassscatteredontheground.破杯
注:現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞都可作定語,但現(xiàn)在分詞表達的是正在進行的事情,有主動意義;而過去分詞表示的是已完成的事情,有被動意義。
②作表語、賓語補足語。能帶分詞作賓補的動詞常見的有see,hear,keep,find,notice,watch,think,want,smell,observe等。
Thestoryisboring.
Ifoundhimreadinganovel.在讀小說(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語)
Ifoundhimsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.一群孩子包圍著(過去分詞作賓語補足語)
③作狀語。分詞作狀語可以表示時間,原因,條件,結果,伴隨情況。
Havingreadalltherequiredpapers,heansweredthequestionsfluently.(時間)
Beingshortofmoney,Idecidedtoapplyforthework.(原因)
Seriouslyinjured,Allenwasrushedtothehospital.(原因)
Ifgoingtherebyplane,we’llhavetopaytwiceasmuch.(條件)
Unlessaskedtoanswerquestions,thepupilswerenotsupposedtotalkinMrsSmith’sclass.(條件)
Thefarmerusedanewinsecticide,thusraisingtheaverageyieldby15%.(結果)
Hesatinarockingchair,watchingTV.(伴隨)
注意:分詞的特殊結構
①獨立主格
有時分詞的邏輯主語與主句主語不一致,這時分詞須帶上自身的主語,這種結構稱為獨立主格結構。這種結構在句中多作伴隨狀語。亦可用來表示時間、原因、條件等。
Thatbeingthecase,we’dbettermakesomechangesintheplan.
Weatherpermitting,wewillgoout.==ifweatherpermits
Theteacherhavingfinishedthelesson,thestudentslefttheclassroom.
②“with或without+名詞或代詞+分詞”的復合結構
常用作補充說明或表示伴隨情況。例如:Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.
③某些固定結構
generally/franklyspeaking…,judgingfrom/by…中,分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致,這種結構只限于為數(shù)很少的幾個動詞。
Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.從他的衣著判斷
Franklyspeaking,Idontlikehimatall.坦率地說
④catch+賓語+doing
Icaughtthemstealingmyapples.我抓住他們偷我的蘋果。
Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,shellbefurious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日記,她會憤怒的
注:有些現(xiàn)在分詞可以作介詞用:如concerning,considering,regarding,respecting等。
Consideringhisage,heistall.考慮了他的年齡
Ihavenothingtosayconcerninghisspeech.關于他的演講
III.非謂語動詞比較
1.做主語和賓語時的比較
一般來說,不定式和動名詞成份相同時,表示客觀性、一般性行為多用動名詞表示,而表示一次性、具體性行為則多用不定式。
Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.照看小孩
Tocleantheclassroomishisjobtoday.打掃教室
Ilikeswimming,butIdontliketoswimtodaybecauseIdontfeelwell.
注意下列重點內(nèi)容:
①begin和start本身為進行時,或后面動詞為心理變化意義的動詞時,須接不定式
Whenwecamein,theywerebeginningtohavesupper.
Afterhisexplanation,Ibegantounderstandit/realizethatIwaswrong.
②有些詞后面既可以接不定式.亦可接動名詞,但其意義有很大區(qū)別,須特別注意
A.remember,forget,regret接動名詞,表示完成意義(=havingdone),接不定式,表示將來意義
PleaseremembertobringmethebookIwantnexttime.
Irememberseeingher(=havingseenher)somewherebefore.
Dontforgettowritetomesoon.
Ineverforgetvisiting(=havingvisited)themforthefirsttime.
Iregretmissingthatgoodfilmlastweek.(后悔)
Iregretnottaking(nothavingtaken)youradvice.
IregrettosayIcanttakeyouradvice.(遺憾=besorry)
B.mean:meantodo=wanttodo打算,想要……
meandoing:意味著,就是
IamsorryIdidntmeantohurtyourfeelings,
Imeanttocallonyou,butIwassobusy.
Learningaforeignlanguagedoesntmeanjustworkinginclass.
C.stop:stoptodo停下來,要干另一件事(不定式作目的狀語)
stopdoing停止做(動名詞作賓語)
Aftersometime,theystoppedwalkingandhadarest.
Afterwalkingsometime,theystoppedtohavearest.
D.try:trytodo,努力,試圖干……
trydoing:試著干……
Hesearchedeverywhereandtriedtofindhiskey.
Hecametothecityfromthecountrysideandtriedtofindajob.
Themotherisoutandtheboyhadtotrycookingforhimself.
Theytriedtosucceedandtrieddoingtheirexperimentsagainandagain.
E.want,need,require接動名詞表示被動意義,接不定式就要i用被動式,這時主語與動名詞之間為動賓關系。
Theseyoungtreesrequirelookingafter(=tobelookedafter).
Thematterneedsthinkingover(=tobethoughtover).
F.goon:goontodo繼續(xù)干和原來不同的另一件事(不定式作目的狀語)
goondoing繼續(xù)干原來同一件事(動名詞作賓語)
Afterasmoke,hewentontellingusthatinterestingstory.
Afterwritingthecompositionhewentontoworkouthismathsproblems.
G.動詞advise,allow,permit,forbid后面接單賓語時用動名詞,接復合賓語時用動詞不定式。
Doctorsadvisegivingupsmokingtobenefitoneshealth.(放棄)
Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmokingsoastoimprovehishealth.(放棄)
Shedoesntallow(permit)smokinginherroom.(允許)
H.beconsideredtohavedone被認為已經(jīng)做了……
consider…tobe認為是……
considerdoing考慮做某事
I.be(get)usedtodoing習慣于……
beusedtodo被用來做……
J.can’thelpdoing情不自禁做……
can’thelptodo不能幫助做……
2.做賓補時的比較
不定式可以表示一次性、具體性行為,以及將來意義的行為?,F(xiàn)在分詞可以表示當時正在發(fā)生的進行意義的行為,亦可表示-個持續(xù)時間的延續(xù)性的行為動作。過去分詞可以表示完成意義的行為或狀態(tài),及物動詞的過去分詞亦有被動意義,不及物動詞的過去分詞仍是主動意義。
WhenIcamein,Isawherdancinghappily.
IoftenhearhersingsongsinEnglishinherroom.
Theyhadthelightsburningallnightlong.
IsawLiPingpassbyandenterthenextroomjustnow.
Themotherwillhavethedoctorexaminehersonagain.
TomorrowIllhavemyhaircut.
WhenIgothomeIfoundthewindowbrokenandthethiefgoneawayalready.
Whentheyreturnedtotheirhometown,afteranabsenceoftwentyyears,theyfoundeverythingchanged.
3.做表語時的比較
不定式和動名詞做表語解釋主語內(nèi)容,且可以和主語顛倒,意思仍然通順,回答what的問題。它們有時存在經(jīng)常性和一次性行為的區(qū)別,分詞做表語表明主語的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài),不能和主語顛倒,可以回答how的問題。
Herjobiscleaningoffices.(Whatisherjob?)(=Cleaningofficesisherjob.)
Ourjobtodayistocleantheoffice.(=Tocleantheofficeisourjobtoday.)
Thenewsisveryexciting.(Howisthenews?)
Theyareverytiredafteralongwalk.
Thedoorislockednow.
Thechildrenarewelldressedthesedays.
4.做定語時的比較
不定式做定語與先行詞有動賓、主謂和解釋先行詞內(nèi)容等關系。在時態(tài)上常是將來意義,現(xiàn)在分詞做定語是現(xiàn)在時或進行時態(tài)意義;過去分詞做定語則是完成時態(tài)意義。此外,不定式做定語時只能后置,不可前置,而單個分詞做定語可前置,分詞短語做定語則須后置。動名詞做定語,須前置,且要重讀,它表明先行詞的用途。而分詞做定語表明先行詞的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。
aswimmingboy=aboywhoisswimmingaswimmingpool=apoolforswimming
theboilingwater=thewaterthatisboilingdrinkingwater=waterfordrinking
TodayIhavealettertowrite.Pleasefindamantohelpus.
ItisagoodchancetopracticeyourspokenEnglish.練習你的口語
IlikereadingbookswrittenbyLuXun.
ThewomanstandingoverthereisourEnglishteacher.站在那邊的
Thehousetobebuilt(=whichwillbebuilt/whichistobebuilt)nextyearwillbeournewlibrary.
Thehousebeingbuilt(=whichisbeingbuilt)nowwillbeournewlibrary.
Thehousebuilt(=whichwasbuilt)lastyearisournewlibrarynow.
5.做狀語時的比較
不定式和分詞做狀語各有不同分工。動詞不定式多做目的、結果和原因狀語,且多放在句末;分詞
可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式狀語,多置于句首,做伴隨狀語,多放在后面。分詞用于godoing結構中作目的狀語。
①目的狀語:通常有不定式表示,由于不定式的客觀性和將來性特征。不定式前還可加上inorder,soas來加強說話的口氣。但soasto通常不用于句首。
TheSmithshavegonetoLondontospendtheirholidays.
Icamehere(inorder/soas)tohearthereport.
Inorderto(不用soasto)seebetter,wetookfrontseats.
②時間狀語:分詞作時間狀語相當于時間狀語從句?,F(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語一般位于句首,表示的動作和謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生,有時現(xiàn)在分詞前可以加上時間連詞。如果分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成體形式。過去分詞作時間狀語與謂語動詞構成同時性和被動意義。分詞前有時加上時間連詞。
Arriving(=Whenhearrived)atthebusstop,hefoundhissisterthere.
Waiting(=WhenIwaswaiting)toseethedoctor,Imetwithafriendofmine.
Having(=Whenwehave)madefullpreparations,wearereadyforanexamination.
Having(=Whenhehad)finishedhishomework,hewenttobed.
Afterfinishinghishomework,hewenttobed.
Seen(=Whenthetownisseen)fromthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.
Locked(=Whenhewaslooked)upintheroom,hefoundhimselfisolatedfromtheouterworld.
Whenaskedtomakeaspeech,hesaidhewasgladtodoso.當請他作演講時
Oncerecovered,hewillgoallouttodohiswork.一旦康復
③原因狀語:不定式作原因狀語往往用于形容詞之后,這些形容詞通常是happy,sorry,fortunate,angry,glad,ashamed,discouraged,delighted,frightened,shocked等。分詞作原因狀語相當于原因狀語從句。一般位于句首。
Iamsorrytohearthatyouarenotwell.
Imverysorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.讓你久等了
Wearegreatlydelightedtohaveanativeasourguide.
Being(=Sincehewas)illalllastyear,helivedinasanatorium.
Therebeingnoenoughmoney,hecouldntbuythedictionarythathewanted.由于沒有錢
Having(=Sincetheyhad)beenaskedtostay,theycouldntpossiblyleaverightaway.
Moved(=Ashewasmoved)bytheheroicdeedsofthePLAman,heburstintotears.
④條件狀語:通常用分詞來表示,相當于條件狀語從句。一般位于句首。
Turning(=Ifyouturn)totheleft,youwillseethepostoffice.
United(=Ifweareunited),westand;divided(=ifwearedivided),wefall.
Given(=Ifhehadbeengiven)moretime,hewouldbeabletodobetter.
⑤結果狀語從句:不定式作結果狀語通常用于so+形容詞或副詞+asto,such+名詞+asto,too…to,enoughto和onlyto等結構。現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語表示謂語動詞的結果。
Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.
Iworkedlateintothenight,onlytofindIhadnotfinishedhalfofthejob.
Hewassofriendlyastobealwayshelpfultohisneighbors.
Hisissuchasadstoryastoarouseoutsympathy.
Iranfasterthanever,reachingtheschoolyardquiteoutofbreath.
Themandiedyoung,leavingnothingbutdebt.
⑥讓步狀語:通常由過去分詞來表示,而且前面通常有表示讓步意義的though。
Thoughwounded,thesoldiermanagedtogettothevillagesafely.
Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.
⑦伴隨或方式狀語:分詞作伴隨狀語通常位于句尾,表示謂語動詞正在所處主動或被動的狀態(tài)。
Chinesebusinessmen,taxidriversandstudentstalkwiththemusingEnglish.
Shecamerunningtowardsus.
Theywalkedalongthestreets,talkingandlaughing.
Hewentintothehouse,followedbysomechildren.
Hecontinuedtowalkupanddown,lostinthought.
IV.關于therebe的非謂語形式
therebe非謂語形式可在句中作主語、賓語、狀語和定語
1.作動詞賓語時,通常用theretobe結構,而不用therebeing。能這樣用的及物動詞為:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等,如:
Wedontwanttheretobeanycomradeslaggingbehind.我們不希望有任何同志掉隊。
Theyhatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere..他們不愿意處處都要排長隊。
Wehavenoobjectiontotherebeingameetinghere.我們并不反對在這里開會。
2.作狀語多用therebeing結構,但若置于介詞for之后要用theretobe
Therebeingnobodyelseathand,Ihadtodobymyself.由于附近沒有人,我只得獨自干了。(原因狀語)
It’stooearlyfortheretobeanybodyup.太早了,還不會有人起床。(作程度狀語)
Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime,thegroundwasverydry.
因為好長時間沒下雨了,地面非常干燥。(原因狀語)
3.作主語時兩種結構都可以,但如是用for引導則要用theretobe.
Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweenoldandyoung.
老人與年青人之間存在著溝通問題是很常見的。
Therebeingakindergartenoncampusisagreatconveniencetofemaleteachers.
校園內(nèi)有幼兒園對女教師十分方便。
1.—Whydon’tyoulikeTom?—Ithinkheisaman_________.
A.tobeworkedwithB.workingwithC.toworkwithD.beingworkedwith
2.Hesaidthathe_________whathecould________us,buthewastoobusythen.
A.woulddo,helpB.couldhavedone,tohelpC.wouldhavedone,helpingD.coulddo,helped
3.Wouldyoupleasetellmethewaythoughtof_________thegarden.
A.takecareofB.totakecareofC.takingcareofD.howtotakecareof
4.—Youlookrathertiredtoday.
—______nottomissthe4:20flight,Ididn’tdaretoclosemyeyes.
A.RemindingB.Reminded
C.BeingremindedD.Havingreminded
5.___________,themonumentcouldberestoredtoitsformerglory.
A.IfrepairedwellB.IfrepairingwellC.TorepairwellD.Repairingwell
6.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_______tothenotice.
A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily
C.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing
7.OnAugust12,TyphoonMorakotsweptacrossTaiwanisland,_________alotofvillages___________.
A.left;damagedB.leaving;damagingC.leaving;damagedD.left;damaging
8.Thefood,____________good,wassoonsoldoutwhenitwastakentothemarket.
A.tastedB.beingtastedC.tastingD.havingtasted
9.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork_______,werefusedhisoffer.
A.notfinishingB.hadnotbeenfinished
C.nothavingfinishedD.notfinished
10.Withtoomanyconstructionprojects_________allthestrengthoutoftheeconomy,peopleofthesmallcountrycomplainedalot.
A.suckingB.tosuckC.beingsuckedD.beingsucking
11.TimBemers-Leeisgenerallyconsidered_________theWorldWideWeb,onwhichalltheinformationissharedbyall.
A.tohavefoundedB.havingfoundedC.foundingD.tofound
12.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim______onabeach,withhiseyes_______onakiteinthesky.
A.seated;fixingB.sitting;fixingC.seated;beingfixedD.sitting;fixed
13.Tigers_____meat-eatinganimals_____meats.
A.belongedto;feedonB.belongingto;feedon
C.werebelongedto;arefedonD.belongingto;arefedon
14.______fortheseriousaccident,thepresentofShanxiProvincehadtoresign.
A.ToblameB.BlamingC.BeingtoblameD.Tobeblamed
15.Withsomebooksheneeded_________,hewentintothebookstorequickly.
A.tobuyB.boughtC.tobeboughtD.buying
16.AftertheShenzhouVIcapsule(太空艙)toucheddown,twoastronautssucceededintravelingaroundthe
earth,thusagain__________Chinaisaglobalspacepower.
A.provingB.toproveC.tohaveprovedD.beingproved
17.Therewasanicelittlegiftforeveryone,withasuitablepoem_______toit.
A.attachedB.tobeattachingC.toattachD.attaching
18.____byhisparentsforlong,Johnfeelssadintheheartthoughheappears_______bothered
aboutit.
A.Beingignored;nottobeB.Tobeignored;tohavenotbeen
C.Ignored;nottobeD.Ignoring;notbeing
19.Weare_______totalkloudlyinthedormitorywhenothersaretakinganoon-break.
A.supposedB.supposingC.notsupposedD.notsupposing
20.Thelatestsurvey,_________by,foundmorethan12percentofteenagerswanttoworkaspilots.
A.tobecarriedoutB.beingcarriedoutC.carriedoutD.havingbeencarriedout
21.TheconstructionofaneconomiczonetothewestcoastoftheTaiwanStraits,_____atpresent,willsurelystimulate(刺激)thedecliningeconomyonbothsidesoftheStraits.
A.tobediscussedB.beingdiscussedC.discussedD.discussing
22.Theyoungmansatbackinhissofa,______withwhathehadworkedouttodowiththeremainingwork.
A.havingsatisfiedB.beingsatisfiedC.TobesatisfiedD.satisfied
23.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completely_____totheoutsideworld.
A.havingbeenlostB.tobelostC.losingD.lost
24.—Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.
—Yes,butherefusedtoadmit________hiswifeonarainynightsevenyearsago.
A.tokillB.tohavekilledC.havingkilledD.havebeenkilling
25.________totrainhisdaughterinEnglish,heputanadlikethisinthepaper,“_________,anEnglishteacherforaten-year-oldgirl.”
A.Determined;wantedB.Determined;wantingC.Determine;wantedD.Determining;wanting
26.—Lucydoesn’tseemtobewhatshewas.
—No._________somuchinthewarhasmadehermorethoughtful.
A.SeenB.HerseeingC.HavingseenD.Tohaveseen
27.twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.
A.ExaminingB.ExaminedC.BeingexaminedD.Havingbeenexamined
28.Wehopethebuildingproject_________willbecompletedassoonaspossiblebecausealotofcitizensarecomplainingaboutthenoises.
A.tobecarriedoutB.carriedoutC.beingcarriedoutD.carryingout
29.Anewteachnique_________theyieldsasawholeincreasedbyabout30percent.
A.hadappliedB.havingappliedC.tohaveappliedD.havingbeenapplied
30.Thelonglastingwar,______withbloodanddeaths,endedinpeople’ssadness,_______noresult.
A.filling;reachedB.filled;toreachC.filling;wouldreachD.filled;reaching
31.Thetwooldsisters,_______solong,heldeachotherandburstintotears.
A.beingseparatedB.havingbeenseparatedC.havingseparatedD.hadbeenseparated
32.Somepeopleagainsttollbooths(收費站)arguethatroads,once___________,shouldbefree.
A.buildingB.builtC.havingbuiltD.beingbuilt
33.Somethingextraordinaryhappenedinthathospital.Aman,________clinicallydead,suddenlycametolife.
A.declaringB.beingdeclaredC.declaredD.havingdeclared
34._________yourreceipttothecustomerservicedepartmentandtheywillpaythemoneybacktoyou.
A.HavingbroughtB.BringC.BringingD.Tobring
35.____itwithmeshouldbeagoodchoice.Trustme.
A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave
36.Ireallycantunderstand_________herlikethat.
A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating
37._____whathecando.Hemightgetajobtomorrow.Hemightstayoutofworkforweeks.
A.Wedidn’tknowB.Hedoesn’tknowC.ThereisnoknowingD.Itwasknownthat
38.Therearealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostof_________withtheireyes_________onandtheirheadsbentovertheirbooks.
A.whom;fixingB.them;fixedC.whom;fixedD.them;fixing
39.TheboyIconsidered______cheatedinthelastexam.
A.tobehonestB.thatishonestC.washonestD.beinghonest
40.Thoughatyphoonisontheway,peoplearestilllookingforward_________theoutdoorconcertbythepopsinger.
A.tocancelingB.nottocancelingC.nottocancelD.tonotcanceling
1-5CBBBA6-10ACCDA11-15ADBCA16-20AACCC
21-25BDDCA26-30BCCDD31-35BBCBB36-40DCBAD
高考英語非謂語動詞第二輪備考復習教案6
俗話說,居安思危,思則有備,有備無患。教師在教學前就要準備好教案,做好充分的準備。教案可以讓學生能夠在教學期間跟著互動起來,讓教師能夠快速的解決各種教學問題。我們要如何寫好一份值得稱贊的教案呢?下面是小編精心為您整理的“高考英語非謂語動詞第二輪備考復習教案6”,僅供參考,歡迎大家閱讀。
衛(wèi)輝一中高三二輪備考抓分點透析之英語非謂語動詞
非謂語動詞是歷年高考試題的重點,每年都會有不止一道的非謂語動詞考題??v觀近年全國的高考試題,我們不難預測高考對非謂語動詞的考查將主要集中在如下兩方面:1、非謂語動詞的句法功能,即其在句中所充當?shù)某煞郑?、非謂語動詞的一些特殊用法。
動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)可以出現(xiàn)在句子中除謂語以外的任何一個位置上,充當句子的主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等成分,這些動詞形式稱為非謂語動詞。
基本用法
1)、不定式
時態(tài)語態(tài)主動被動
一般式todotobedone
完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone
2)、動名詞
時態(tài)語態(tài)主動被動
一般式doingbeingdone
完成式havingdonehavingbeendone
3)、分詞
時態(tài)語態(tài)主動被動
一般式doingbeingdone
完成式havingdonehavingbeendone
否定形式:not+不定式, not+動名詞, not+現(xiàn)在分詞
非謂語動詞主要的句法功能一覽表:
非謂語動詞功能
主語賓語表語定語狀語補語
不定式√√√√√√
動名詞√√√√極少
分詞√√√√
一、分詞、不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別
1.感官動詞see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,notice等和使役動詞have后面的賓補有三種形式,即原形動詞(不帶to的不定式)、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞表主動或正在進行,過去分詞表被動或完成,動詞原形表主動和完成。
(2011全國新課標卷)27.Thenextthinghesawwassmokefrombehindthehouse.
A.roseB.risingC.toriseD.risen
(2011浙江卷)14.Eventhebestwritersfindthemselves___forwords.
A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost
注意:不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補表完成和狀態(tài)。
(2010上海)
33.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagueswithherstories.
A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused
2.leave后接三種形式作賓補時,其中的leave保留了原來之義“留下”,但表達的確切之義應是“使……處于某種狀態(tài))。
leavesb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事(賓語和賓補之間是主謂關系,表示動作正在進行。)
leavesth.undone留下某事未做(賓語和賓補之間是動賓關系,表示被動和完成,一般以undone,unfinished,unsettled,untouched為多)
leavesb.todosth.留下某人做某事
leavesth.tobedone留下某事要做(不定式表示將來的動作。)
如:It’swrongofyoutoleavethemachinerunning.
你讓機器一直開著是不對的。(主動,正在進行)
Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched,becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.
客人們沒有動大部分菜,因為它們嘗起來不可口。(被動,完成)
Heleft,leavingmetodoalltherestwork.
他走了,留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。(主動,將來)
Wehurriedlyendedourmeeting,leavingmanyproblemstobesettled.
我們匆匆忙忙地結束了會議,留下了很多問題等待解決。(被動,將來)
3.have,get后接三種形式作賓補時,其中have,get表示“使、讓、叫”之意。
①havesth.done=getsth.done“使/讓某事由別人去做”(叫/讓某人做某事)。
(2011陜西卷)14.Clairehadluggageanhourbeforherplaneleft.
A.checkB.checkingC.tocheckD.checked
(2010遼寧)35.Alexandertriedtogethiswork___inthemedicalcircles.
A.torecognizeB.recognizingC.recognizeD.recognized
②havesb./sth.doing使/讓某人/物持續(xù)地做某事(現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動,正在進行)
getsb./sth.doing使某人/物開始行動起來
Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.
休息了片刻之后,上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進起來。
注意:“havesb.doing”若用于否定句中,其中have有“容忍”之意。
Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourparentslikethat.
我不會讓你那樣子跟你的父母說話。
Don’thavethewaterrunningallthetime.不要讓水流個不停。
③havesb.dosth.(getsb.todosth.)使/讓/叫某人去做某事
Ican’tgethimtostopsmoking.Hewon’tlistentome.
二、下列動詞后跟帶to的不定式作補語:
advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,等。
Thefluisbelievedtobecausedbyvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.
三、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補小竅門
下列動詞后在主動語態(tài)中用不帶to的不定式作補語,但在被動語態(tài)中要加上to:
它們是“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”——5看(lookat,see,watch,notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2聽(listento,hear);1感覺(fell)。以上動詞還可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語(5+3+2+1-2+4):即以上動詞除let,make外都可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語,此外find,catch,keep,have也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語。
Hewascaughtstealing.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.
不定式、分詞作定語用法要點
一、不定式作定語
1.作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞,或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等,不定式后面須有相應的介詞。
(2010山東)23.Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.
A.completingB.tocomplete
C.completedD.beingcompleted
但是,不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time,place或way時,不定式后面的介詞習慣上省去。
2.當作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時,不定式既可以用主動語態(tài),也可用被動語態(tài),但其含義有所不同。試比較:
Haveyouanythingtosend?
你有什么東西要寄嗎?(不定式tosend的動作執(zhí)行者是“你”)
Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎?
(不定式tobesent的動作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”)
3.用不定式作定語的幾種情況:
不定式表將來:
(2010重慶)34.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone______firstisthelibrary.
A.repairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepaired
用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no,all,any等限定的中心詞。
ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.
用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞時,常見的有:ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。
(2011湖南卷)21.Theability_____anideaasimportantastheideaitself.
A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tocover
二、分詞作定語
1.作定語的及物動詞分詞形式為:V–ing;being+過去分詞;當被修飾的名詞與分詞為主動關系時,用V–ing;當被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關系且表正在進行時,用being+過去分詞;當被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關系且表完成時,用過去分詞。例如:
(2011江蘇卷)31.Recentlyasurvey_______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.
A.comparedB.comparingC.comparesD.beingcompared
(2011湖南卷)23theplayers______fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.
A.selectingB.toselectedC.selectedD.havingselected
2.作定語的不及物動詞分詞形式為:V–ing和過去分詞。V–ing表示正在進行;過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。如:
fallingleaves正落的葉子fallenleaves落下的葉子
boilingwater正沸騰的水boiledwater沸騰過的水(白開水)
三、不定式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞被動式作定語的區(qū)別
這三種形式作定語,主要是體現(xiàn)在動作的發(fā)生時間上。過去分詞表示的動作或是在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生,或是沒有一定的時間性。
HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?
Heisamanlovedandrespectedbyall.
現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作定語時表示的動作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。
(2011山東卷)27.Lookoverthere-there’saverylong,windingpath___uptothehouse.
A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead
不定式的被動式作定語時,表示一個未來的動作。
如:Thequestiontobediscussedatthetomorrow’smeetingisaveryimportantone.
不定式、分詞作狀語用法要點
一、不定式作狀語
(2011四川卷)11.Simonmadeabigbambooboxthelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.
A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep
在某些形容詞作表語,表示喜、怒、衷、樂后跟不定式表示原因。如:
(2010遼寧)25.Wewereastonished___thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.
A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound
在帶有enough或too的句子里,也常用不定式作狀語,表示程度。Hewastooexcitednottosayafewwords.
他太激動了,不會不講幾句話的。
Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上學年齡了。
注意:強調(diào)動詞不定式所表示的目的時,動詞不定式可用inorderto(為了)或soasto(以便)+動詞原形。soasto不用于句首。
Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.
汽車停下來以便接納乘客。
Totellyouthetruth,Ihavegotnomoneyaboutme.
Tobehonest,Iknownothingaboutit.(修飾全句,獨立成分)
二、分詞作狀語
1.分詞作狀語的基本原則
分詞作狀語時,分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。
分詞作狀語必須和句中主語含有邏輯上的主謂或動賓關系,否則不能使用分詞作狀語。
2.分詞作狀語的句法功能
分詞或分詞短語作狀語時,可以表時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。表示時間關系的分詞短語有時可由連詞while或when引出。
(2011江西卷)32.Onhearingaphonecallfromhiswife_____shehadafall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.
A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay
(2011四川卷)16.animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.
A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.Tooffer
(2011全國II)18.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,______nothingabouttheargument.
A.saysB.saidC.tosayD.saying
(2011陜西卷)20.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,___itmucheasierforpeopletotravelformoneplaceanother.
A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmade
3.獨立成分作狀語
有些分詞短語,其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響,稱作獨立成分。常見的有:
Generallyspeaking…一般說來Franklyspeaking…坦白地說
Judgingfrom…根據(jù)……來判斷Considering…考慮到……
Totellyouthetruth…說實話
非謂語動詞其它用法
一、疑問詞+不定式結構
疑問詞(who,which,when,where,how,what等)+不定式,這個結構在句中起名詞作用,可充當主語、表語、賓語。如:
(2011遼寧卷)23.Twentystudentswanttoattendtheclassthataimstoteachtoreadfirst.
A.whatB.whoC.howD.why
注意句型:Whynotdosth.?Whydosth.?
二、不定式的主動和被動
1.不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構成主謂關系時,不定式往往用主動形式。
Doyouhaveaknifetocutthewatermelon?
2.不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系,又和該句主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系時,不定式常用主動形式。
Shehasasistertolookafter.(Shelooksafterhersister.)
3.不定式作表語形容詞的關語,和句中主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系時,不定式多用主動形式,這是因為人們往往認為形容詞后省去了forsb.。
Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.
4.在therebe結構中,當說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時,不定式用主動形式;如果說話人強調(diào)的事情本身必須被完成,則用被動形式。如:
Thereisalotofworktodo.(Someonehastodothework.)
Thereisalotofworktobedone.(Theworkhastobedone.)
請注意下面兩個句子的含義的不同點:
Thereisnothingtodo.(無事可做,感到十分乏味。)
Thereisnothingtobedone.(某東西壞了,無法使之恢復正常。)
三、不定式符號to的保留問題
有時為了避免重復,可以用to來代替前面的不定式,這種情況出現(xiàn)在下列動詞之后:expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try;或出現(xiàn)在beglad/happy,wouldlike/love等的后面。
如果在省略的不定式結構中含有:be,have,havebeen,這些詞要保留。如:
Ihaven’tbeentoHongKong,butIwishto.
—Areyouonholiday?
—No,butI’dliketobe.
—Ididn’ttellhimthenews.我沒有告訴他那個消息。
—Oh,yououghttohave.噢,你本應該告訴他的
四、動名詞作主語
動名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語,但在下列句型中常用動名詞作主語。
Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.
Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingsth.
Itis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsth.
Itis/wasuselessdoingsth.
Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收。
Itisoflittlegoodstayinguptoolateeveryday.
每天都熬夜沒有什么好處
若主語和表語都是非謂語動詞,應保持形式上的一致。
Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實。
特殊用法集錦
一、下面動詞只能用不定式作賓語,請牢記下列小詩:
決心學會想希望,拒絕設法愿假裝。
主動答應選計劃,同意請求幫一幫。
Decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help
此外,afford,strive(斗爭)等也要用不定式作賓語。
Weagreedtomeetherebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.
Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesarestrivingtomaketheirproductsmorecompetitive.
二、下列動詞只能用動名詞作賓語,請牢記下列小詩:
考慮建議盼原諒,承認推遲沒得想。避免錯過繼續(xù)練,否認完成停欣賞,不禁介意準逃亡。
consider/suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardon,admit,delay/putoff,fancy,avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice,deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape,imagine,forbid,risk
此外beusedto,lookforwardto,leadto,devoteto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can’tstand(無法忍受),giveup,feellike,insiston,putoff,thankyoufor,apologizefor,bebusy(in),havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)等動詞詞組也要用動名詞作賓語。
(2011四川卷)2.Ladexdoesn’tfeellikeabroad.Herparentsareold.
A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy
三、下列動詞或詞組既可以跟動名詞作賓語,也可以跟不定式作賓語,但意義上有區(qū)別,要特別注意。
1.forgettodosth.忘記去做某事
forgetdoingsth.忘記已經(jīng)做過某事
remembertodosth.記住去做某事
rememberdoingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做過某事
regrettodosth.后悔/遺憾去做某事
regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事
stoptodosth.停下來去做另一件事
stopdoingsth.停止做一件事情
trytodosth.努力/試圖做某事
trydoingsth.嘗試著做某事
meantodosth.意欲/想/企圖做某事
meandoingsth.意味著做某事
goontodosth.(做完某事)接著做另一件事
goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做同一件事(=goonwithsth.)
can’thelptodosth.不能幫助做某事
can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事
2.動詞like,love,prefer后接不定式或動名詞作賓語均可。如表示經(jīng)常性的行為可用動名詞,如表示具體的行為常用動詞不定式。但要注意:如果like,love,prefer前有would/should后面則應接動詞不定式。
Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.
I’dliketogoswimmingthisweekend.
3.在動詞allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語,如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語,其后用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。
allow/advise/forbid/permitdoingsth.
allow/advise/forbid/permitsb.todosth.
(2011天津卷)7.Passengersarepermittedonlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.
A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobecarriedD.beingcarried
4.動詞need,require,want作“需要”解時,其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語,表示事情需要做。這時動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。beworth后必須用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。此外,若動詞need表“需要”,require表“要求”,want表“想要”這些意義時,其后須接名詞或代詞作賓語,然后接不定式作賓語補足語。
need/require/wantdoing/tobedone
need/require/wantsb.todosth.
beworth+n.(表示錢數(shù)或相當于錢數(shù)的名詞)
beworthdoingbeworthyofbeingdone
beworthyof+n.值得……beworthytobedone
Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaningtobecleaned.
窗戶需要擦一下。
Theplaceisworthvisiting.
Theplaceisworthyofavisit.
Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.
Theplaceisworthytobevisited.
那個地方值得一去。
四、動詞不定式作動詞tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,findout等詞的賓語時,前面常帶wh–引導詞。即how,what,whether,where,when,who等+todo。但why+不帶to的不定式。
注意此用法的不定式的邏輯主語需與主句的主語或賓語保持一致,否則用賓語從句。例如:
Heshowedushowtodothework.(=Heshowedushowweshoulddothework.)
Idon’tknowwhattodo.(=Idon’tknowwhatI’lldo.)
Canyoutellmewhydoit?
五、動詞不定式在介詞but,otherthan后面時,如果介詞之前有行為動詞do的某種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,否則就要帶to。另外在can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,can’tbut后面的不定式也要省略to。
Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.
Wehadnothingtodobut/otherthanwait.
Wehavenochoicebuttowait.
Ican’tchoosebutlaugh.
六、注意以下表達的意義區(qū)別
fallingleaves正在下落的樹葉fallenleaves已經(jīng)落下的樹葉
boilingwater沸騰的水boiledwater燒開過的水
developingcountries發(fā)展中國家developedcountries發(fā)達國家
Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.
Herjobisgivingpianolessonstochildren,butthisSundayherjobistoteachthechildrenhowtodance.
Thegirlletoutafrightenedcryatthesightofthesnake.
(Thegirlwasfrightened.)
看到蛇,女孩尖叫起來。
Hisfrighteningshoutscaredtheboysagain.
Theshoutwasfrighteningandtheboysfeltfrightened.
他大吼一聲把那幫男孩給嚇跑了。
類似的還有:
anexcitingvoice令人興奮的聲音anexcitedvoice興奮的聲音
apuzzlinglook令人迷惑不解的表情apuzzledlook困惑的表情
with復合結構
1.with復合結構的構成
with+賓語+賓語補足語,構成with復合結構,賓語可以是名詞或是代詞,賓語補足語可以是介詞短語、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、副詞。且with后面的賓語與其后的賓語補足語有邏輯上的主謂關系。
1)With+賓語+介詞短語
Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.
2)with+賓語+過去分詞(賓語與賓補之間是被動關系)
Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.
3)with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞(賓語與賓補之間是主動關系)
Withwintercomingon,itstimetobuywarmclothes.
4)with+賓語+todo(不定式做賓補有“將來”的含義)
Icantgooutwithallthesedishestowash.
5)with+賓語+形容詞/副詞
Andersonwaslyingonthebedwithallhisclotheson.
2.with復合結構的作用
with復合結構在句子中作狀語,表示原因、時間、條件、伴隨、方式等。
(09海南35)Nowthatwe’vediscussedoutproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions______?
A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake
獨立主格結構
獨立主格結構是由一個相當于主語的名詞或代詞加上非謂語動詞、形容詞(副)詞、或介詞短語構成的一種獨立成分。該結構不是句子,也不是從句,所以它內(nèi)部的動詞不能考慮其時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化,它與其主句之間既不能通過并列連詞連接也不能有從句引導詞引導,常用逗號與其主句隔開。獨立主格結構在很多情況下可以轉化為相應的狀語從句或其他狀語形式,但很多時候不能轉化為分詞形式,因為它內(nèi)部動詞的邏輯主語與主句主語不一致。
(一):獨立主格結構的構成:
名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞;
名詞(代詞)+形容詞;
名詞(代詞)+副詞;
名詞(代詞)+不定式;
名詞(代詞)+介詞短語構成。
(二):獨立主格結構的特點:
1)獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨立存在。
2)名詞或代詞與后面的分詞,形容詞,副詞,不定式,介詞等是主謂關系。
3)獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。
(2011浙江卷)3.Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some______alifespanofaround20years.
A.havingB.hadC.haveD.tohave
(2011福建卷)23.TsinghuaUniversity,in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.
A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded
答案考查非謂語動詞。TsinghuaUniversity與found之間是被動關系,同時又是完成意義的非謂語動詞,所以選擇C。
(2011浙江卷)19.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity______bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.
A.beingcheeredB.becheered
C.TobecheeredD.Werecheered
答案考查非謂語動詞。theteam與cheer之間是被動關系,同時又表目的,所以選擇C。
(2011湖南卷)29.Doyouwakeupeverymorning____energeticandreadytostartanewday?
A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt
答案考查非謂語動詞。you與feel之間是主動關系,表伴隨,所以選擇C。
(09安徽)1.Theplaynextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.
A.producedB.beingproduced
C.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced
C
(09北京)2Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit_____onhisownfarm.
A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrowK
A
(09北京)3.Thewaytheguests_____inthehotelinfluencedtheirevaluationoftheservice
A.treatedB.weretreatedC.wouldtreatD.wouldbetreated
D
(09北京)4.Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation___informationinamoreeffectiveway.
A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresent
D
(09北京)5.___twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.
A.BeingbittenB.Bitten
C.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten
A
(09福建)6.nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.
A.RemindingB.Reminded
C.ToremindD.Havingreminded
B考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞做狀語,邏輯主語是句子的主語themanager,非謂語動詞與句子主語是被動關系,且其表示的動作在謂語動詞setout之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生,非謂語動詞用過去分詞,選B。
(09福建)7.InApril,,PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao,the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy.
A.markingB.marked
C.havingmarkedD.beingmarked
A考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞做狀語,其后有賓語,故與邏輯主語是主動關系,且表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時進行,用現(xiàn)在分詞,選A。
(09湖南)8.Whenhethedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.
A.wouldopenB.opened
C.hadopenedD.wastoopen
D考查非謂語動詞。動詞不定時的用法。句意為:當他要打開門的時候,他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的鑰匙不見了。動詞不定時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。
(09湖南)9.Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,inasmallapartmentnearBostonand______whattodoabouthisfuture.
A.living;wonderingB.lived;wondering
C.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered
A考查分詞的用法。句意為:29歲的大衛(wèi),是一個工人,住在一間小公寓在波士頓附近,不知怎么辦關于他的未來。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾aworker,and為并列連詞,連接相同的成份。
(09湖南)10.Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit.
A.reusingB.reusedC.reusesD.tobereused
D考查動詞不定時的用法。句意為:現(xiàn)在人們有時把他們的廢物分開,以便很容易被重復利用。重新再利用是指將來發(fā)生的動作,而且是被動的。故選D。
(09湖南)11.Pleasedomeafavor—______myfriendMr.SmithtoYouthTheaterat7:30tonight.
A.toinviteB.invitingC.inviteD.invited
C
(09江西)12._________therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrewtheinternationalstars.
A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.TogiveD.Given
D考查非謂語動詞。如果把句子補充完整就不難看出:Iftheyaregiventherightkindoftraining,可知主語they即theseteenagersoccerplayers與give之間是被動的關系,所以用過去分詞。根據(jù)主、從句主語一致可省略從句主語的原則,連詞if也可省,所以得出giventherightkindoftraining,theseteenagersoccerplayers……
(09江西)13.Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_____parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.
A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforced
B考查非謂語動詞的用法?,F(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語,修飾newlaws,相當于whichforces……...
(09海南)14Thechildrenallturnedthefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.
A.lookedatB.tolookat
C.tolookingatD.lookat
B。句意為:當那位著名的女演員走進了教室,所有的孩子都轉過頭去看她。
turnto表示“轉向,求助”的意思。
(09海南)15.Nowthatwe’vediscussedoutproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions?
A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake
C。考查with+賓語+賓語補足語的用法。句意為:現(xiàn)在,我們已經(jīng)討論了問題,是人們最滿意的決定?take與thedecisions之間存在的關系是動賓關系,故用過去分詞表示被動
(09山東)16.Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.
A.tobeheldB.held
C.beingheldD.holding
A考查非謂語動詞的用法,由nextmonth可知時間是在將來,party是被舉行,故選A。
(09陜西)17。IstillremembertotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.
A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken
D考查非謂語動詞。此處非謂語動詞做remember的賓語,而remember后用非謂語動詞做賓語時,可以用v-ing形式,v-ing表示的動作已經(jīng)完成,也可用動詞不定式,表示的動作還未發(fā)生,根據(jù)后文的saw可知此處非謂語動詞動作已經(jīng)完成,且與邏輯主語是被動關系,用v-ing的被動式,選D。
(09上海)18.Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,_____allfourpeopleonboard.
A.killedB.killingC.killsD.tokill
B
(09上海)19.Withthegovernment’said,those_____bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.
A.affectB.affectingC.affectedD.wereaffected
C
(09上海)20.Billsuggested_____ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.
A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.hold
C
(09四川)21.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain__________untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.
A.seatedB.seatingC.toseatD.seat
A考查非謂語的用法。remain后可接adj,v-ing,v-ed和tobedone等多種形式做表語,在該題中可以把seated視為一個形容詞,所以正確答案為A。
(09上海)22.Davidthreatenedhisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.
A.tobereportedB.reporting
C.toreportD.havingreported
C
(09四川)23.Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion
A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had
B.
考查非謂語的用法,分析句子可知whether+todosth.做了賓語從句的主語,Hetoldus后省略了賓語從句的引導詞that。
(09四川)24.________manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.
A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold
D考查非謂語的用法。tell與主語之間的關系是被動和完成的關系,所以用havingbeendone來表示被動和完成。
(09天津)25.______theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.
A.CompetingB.Havingcompleted
C.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete
D
(09天津)26._____bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.
A.BeingencouragedB.Encouraging
C.EncouragedD.Havingencouraged
C
(09浙江)27._______andshortofbreath,AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai.
A.the;aB.Tired
C.TiringD.Beingtired
B
(09浙江)28.Thereisagreatdealofevidence_______thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.
A.indicateB.indicating
C.toindicateD.tobeindicating
B
(09重慶)29.Michael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace,______withhisoldone.
A.comparingB.compares
C.tocompareD.compared
D
(09重慶)30.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnewwithallbyourselveseveryday.
A.dealB.dealt
C.todealD.dealing
C
(09全國2)31.Theyusecomputerstokeepthetrafficsmoothly.
A.beingrunB.runC.torunD.running
D考查非謂語動詞V-ing,這兒構成(keepsth.doing。
(09江蘇)32.SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,reduceunemploymentpressures.
A.helpB.tohavehelped
C.tohelpD.havinghelped
C
(09江蘇)33.Distinguishedguestsandfriends,welcometoourschool,theceremonyofthe50thAnniversarythismorningareouralumni(校友)fromhomeandabroad.
A.AttendB.ToattendC.AttendingD.Havingattended
C
(10福建)25.Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,suppliestoYushu,QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.
A.sendingB.tosend
C.havingsentD.tohavesent
25.答案:A
考點:非謂語動詞
解析:表示伴隨。從“wereworking”可以判斷是進行時態(tài),排除C。
34.InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremainedabroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.
A.stickingB.stuck
C.tobestuckD.tohavestuck34.
答案:B
考點:remain后接動詞的用法
解析:remain是高考的重點詞匯。當它做系動詞時,后面接過去分詞作表語。
(10上海)33.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagueswithherstories.
A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused
答案:A
考點:本題考查非謂語動詞。
解析:keep+sb./sth.+done,根據(jù)句意,sb.與它后面的動詞成被動關系,故選A.
35.thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.
A.ApproachingB.Approached
C.ToapproachD.Tobeapproached
答案:A
考點:本題考查非謂語動詞。
解析:考察現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,表示正在進行或主動的動作。此時分詞的邏輯主語就是主句的主語,因此要注意人稱、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一致性。
40.Thaiistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudentsbathrooms.
A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce
答案:B
考點:此處考查非謂語動詞。
解析:此處應該用不定式thewaytodosth表示做……的途徑、方式。theonlywaytodo……,wecanimagine做定語,前面省略了that.
(10安徽)30.Hehadawonderfulchildhood,_____withhismothertoallcornersoftheworld
A.travelB.totravelC.traveledD.traveling
答案:D.
考點:本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語。
解析:主語(he)與動詞travel之間存在主動關系,故用traveling作原因狀語。
(10湖南)21.Listen!Doyouhearsomeoneforhelp?
A.callingB.callC.tocallD.called
21.答案:A
考點:考查非謂語動詞。
解析:該空在句中為非謂語動詞作賓補,根據(jù)someone與call的主動關系排除D項。hear后接不定式作賓補時應省略to,由此排除C項。由Listen可判斷此處表示正在求救,故選A項。
26.Dina,formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.
A.strugglingB.struggledC.havingstruggledD.tostruggle
26.答案:C
考點:考查非謂語動詞。
解析:該空,分詞短語作時間狀語,其邏輯主語Dina與struggle為主動關系,故排除B項。由劇中的finally可知非謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語tookaposition之前,故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成主動式。
30.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoneyinthelibrary.
A.discoveredB.tobediscovered
C.discoveringD.havingdiscovered
30.答案:A
考點:考查非謂語動詞
解析:該空在句中作后置定語修飾themoney,根據(jù)themoney與discover的被動關系,排除C、D兩項。B項表示的是“將要被發(fā)現(xiàn)”的意思,根據(jù)句意“到目前為止還沒有人來認領在圖書館被發(fā)現(xiàn)的錢”可判斷選A項。
(10江西)24Theladywalkedaroundtheshops,_______aneyeoutforbargains.
AkeepBkept
CkeepingDtokeep
答案:C
考點:考察非謂語。
解析:句子主語lady和keep之間是主動關系,而且walk和keep同時發(fā)生。
32Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting______.
AtodiscoverBtobediscovered
CdiscoveredDbeingdiscovered
答案:B.
考點:考察非謂語。
解析:演員等待被發(fā)現(xiàn),用被動,發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)生在等待之后,所以用不定式.
(10山東)23.Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.
A.completingB.tocomplete
C.completedD.beingcompleted
答案:B
考點:本題考查非謂語動詞的使用。
解析:句意應為“這個學期結束前,我要做很多閱讀練習。”由于時間狀語beforetheendofthisterm表達未來的時間,所以空格處使用動詞不定式表示將來,充當readings的定語。
(10天津)12.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.
A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause
答案:C.
考點:考查非謂語動詞。
句意:南方下了大雨,在幾個省區(qū)造成嚴重洪災。
解析:空格后seriousflooding是rainedheavily的后果,而且句子主語it和cause之間存在主動關系,所以此處要用動詞的ing形式作結果狀語
(10四川)4.Agreatnumberofstudentssaidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.
A.toquestionB.tobequestioned
C.questionedD.questioning
答案:C_m
考點:考查非謂語動詞作定語。
解析:question與students存在被動關系,question表示的動作也已完成,故用過去分詞。
17.Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,tomissanypoint.
A.nottryingB.tryingnot
C.totrynotD.nottotry
答案:B.k#s5_u.co*m
考點:考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語做伴隨狀語及動詞不定式的否定式。
解析:句中l(wèi)isten和trynottomiss為同時進行的動作,故用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式做伴隨狀語。又動詞不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故選B。
(10全國Ⅰ)27.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps______fromthelibrary.
A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing
27題答案:C
句意:懷特夫人像學生們展示了一些從圖書館借來的老地圖。
解答:根據(jù)選項此題考察非謂語動詞,題干中空格劃在名詞maps后,空格后部分是對maps解釋說明,因此此題考察非謂語動詞做定語。非謂語動詞做狀語,首先判斷動詞與所修飾名詞的主動還是被動關系,borrow和maps是被動關系,被動關系時非謂語動詞形式有三種:tobedone,beingdone,done,tobedone表示動作將要發(fā)生,beingdone表示動作正在發(fā)生,done表示用作已經(jīng)完成,根據(jù)句意borrow的動作已經(jīng)完成,因此選擇C。
34.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank______presentsformydad.
A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought
34題答案:B
句意:父親節(jié)將要到來,為了給爸爸買禮物我已經(jīng)從銀行取了一些錢。
解答:根據(jù)選項此題考察非謂語動詞。題干中空格劃在名詞后,但是空格后的部分不是對bank解釋說明,而是說明取錢的目的,因此此題中非謂語動詞做目的狀語,非謂語動詞中不定式做狀語用來表示目的,因此選擇B。
(10江蘇)28.TheretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu,________thestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms.w_ww.k#s5_u.co*m
A.enablingB.havingenabledC.toenableD.tohaveenabled
選A.enabling表示他在捐獻后的結果
(陜西)16._____fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.
A.SeenB.SeeingC.HavingseenD.Tosee
A.考查非謂語動詞。此處是非謂語動詞做狀語,邏輯主語是句子的主語,非謂語動詞與邏輯主語是被動關系,且其動作在謂語動詞動作之前已經(jīng)完成,用過去分詞,選A。
19.Hisfirstbooknextmonthisbasedonatruestory.
A.publishedB.tobepublished
C.topublishD.beingpublished
B.考查非謂語動詞。此處是非謂語動詞做后置定語,由時間狀語nextmonth可知所填非謂語動詞表示將來的動作,用動詞不定式,其邏輯主語是所修飾的名詞book,不定式與邏輯主語是被動關系,故用不定式的被動式,選B。
(10全國Ⅱ)11.Though_________toseeus,theprofessorgaveusawarmwelcome.
A.surprisingB.assurprised
C.surprisedDbeingsurprised
C
省略結構和非謂語動詞考查。補完整為:Thoughhewassurprised,主語一致,省略主語和系動詞。
(10湖北)72.________(油漆成)red,thebuildingstandsoutamongtherestandlooksveryattractive.(paint)
72.答案:“painted”。考點:非謂語動詞
解析:過去分詞作狀語,主語“thebuilding”是動作“paint”的作用對象
75.Aftershecompletestheproject,she’llhave________(沒什么要擔心的).(worry)
75.答案:nothingtoworryabout
考點:不定式作后置定語
解析:動詞“worry”與被修飾的名詞“nothing”形成動賓關系,由于“worry”是不及物動詞,后面須加上加上介詞“about”。
(10遼寧)25.Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.
A.findingB.tofind
C.findD.tobefound
答案:B
句意:我們吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)那座廟仍然還是原來的狀況。
解析:考查非謂語動詞。beastonished后應該跟動詞不定式做狀語。
(10遼寧)35.Alexandertriedtogethiswork_______inthemedicalcircles.
A.torecognizeB.recognizing
C.recognizeD.recognized
答案:D
句意:亞歷山大試圖讓他的工作在醫(yī)學圈內(nèi)得到認可。
解析:考查非謂語動詞用法。賓語work和recognize之間存在被動關系,所以用過去分詞作賓語補足語。
(10北京)21.atmyclassmatesfaces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.
A.LookingB.LookC.TolookD.Looked
21.答案:A
考點:本題考查非謂語動詞。
解析:look與句子主語I為主動關系,因此用looking.
25.ImcallingtoenquireaboutthepositioninyesterdaysChinaDaily.
A.advertisedB.tobeadvertised
C.advertisingD.havingadvertised
25.答案:A
考點:本題考查非謂語動詞。
句意:我打電話來咨詢下昨天中國日報上刊登職位的信息。
解析:theposition肯定是被advertise,此處的分詞可以理解為一個定語從句whichwasadvertised
(10重慶)30.Thenewsshockedthepublic,_______togreatconcernaboutstudents’safetyatschool.
A.havingledB.ledC.leadingD.tolead
30.答案C
考點:考查非謂語動詞。
解析:句意為:這個消息使公眾震驚,也引起了人們對學生在校安全的關注。Thenews和lead之間是主謂關系,并作shocked的伴隨狀語,所以用leading。
34.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone______firstisthelibrary.
A.repairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepaired
34.答案D
考點:考查非謂語動詞。
解析:theone指代前面提到的buildings與repair是動賓關系,由前半句房屋需要修繕可知修繕這個動作發(fā)生在need之后,所以用toberepaired.
(10浙江)20.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand____lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.
A.beingweighedB.toweigh
C.weighedD.weighing
答案:D
考點:本題考查非謂語動詞。
解析:根據(jù)句子結構:主語:thetrafficrule;謂語動詞:says;賓語從句:youngchildrenundertheageoffourand____lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat。賓語從句中的主干為:youngchildrenmustbeinachildsafetyseat。undertheageoffourand____lessthan40pounds用于修飾賓語從句主語children。動詞weigh與名詞children是主動關系,所以選擇weighing。句意:交通法則規(guī)定四歲以下并且體重不超過四十磅的嬰兒必須坐在嬰兒安全座上。
(2011天津卷)7.Passengersarepermittedonlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.
A.tocarryB.carrying
C.tobecarriedD.beingcarried
(2011江西卷)32.Onhearingaphonecallfromhiswife_____shehadafall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.
A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay
(2011天津卷)12.______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.
A.TranslatingB.Translated
C.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated
(2011北京卷)25.It’simportantforthefiguresregularly.
A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdated
C.toupdateD.tohaveupdated
(2011四川卷)2.Ladexdoesn’tfeellikeabroad.Herparentsareold.
A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy
(2011四川卷)11.Simonmadeabigbambooboxthelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.
A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep
(2011四川卷)16.a(chǎn)nimportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.
A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.Tooffer
(2011全國II)18.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,_____nothingabouttheargument.
A.saysB:saidC.tosayD.saying
(2011全國II)15.Theisland,______tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.
A.joiningB.tojoin
C.joinedD.havingjoined
(2011陜西卷)20.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,______itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.
A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmade
(2011陜西卷)14.Clairehadluggageanhourbeforherplaneleft.
A.checkB.checking
C.tocheckD.checked
(2011北京卷)33.Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,onyoufeet.
A.tokeepB.keeping
C.havingkeptD.tohavekept
(2011遼寧卷)23.Twentystudentswanttoattendtheclassthataimstoteachtoreadfirst.
A.whatB.whoC.howD.why
(2011遼寧卷)30.a(chǎn)roundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.
A.GatherB.Togather
C.GatheringD.Tobegathering
(2011湖南卷)29.Doyouwakeupeverymorning__________energeticandreadytostartanewday?
A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt
(2011重慶卷)29.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmenttoofficials,willbeproducedpeople’sconcernoverfoodsafety.
A.toraiseB.raising
C.tohaveraisedD.havingraised
(2011江蘇卷)22.Thefactthatsomanypeoplestillsmokeinpublicplace_______thatwemayneednationwidecampaigntoraiseawarenessoftherisksofsmoking.
A.suggestB.suggests
C.suggestedD.suggesting
(2011江蘇卷)31.Recentlyasurvey_______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.
A.comparedB.comparing
C.comparesD.beingcompared
(2011全國新課標卷)27.Thenextthinghesawwassmokefrombehindthehouse.
A.roseB.risingC.toriseD.risen
(2011浙江卷)3.Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some______alifespanofaround20years.
A.havingB.hadC.haveD.tohave
(2011浙江卷)14.Eventhebestwritersfindthemselves_______forwords.
A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost
(2011浙江卷)19.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity______bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.
A.beingcheeredB.becheered
C.TobecheeredD.Werecheered
(2011湖南卷)21.Theability_____anideaasimportantastheideaitself
A.expressingB.expressed
C.toexpressD.tocover
(2011湖南卷)23theplayers______fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.
A.selectingB.toselected
C.selectedD.havingselected
(2011安徽卷)30.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_____intosmallpieces.
A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak
(2011山東卷)27.Lookoverthere-there’saverylong,windingpath____uptothehouse.
A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead
(2011重慶卷)33.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself________ofhisowndreams.
A.remindingB.toremind
C.remindedD.renmind
(2011福建卷)27.ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable.
A.heldB.holding
C.beheldD.tohold
(2011福建卷)23.TsinghuaUniversity,in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.
A.foundB.founding
C.foundedD.tobefounded
高考英語二輪復習《非謂語動詞》講學案押題
一、單句填空
1.Inside,though,theplacewaspracticallyempty—therewasjustonecouple,________(sit)atatablenearthewindow.
sitting
句意:然而,室內(nèi)實際上很空蕩,只有一對夫婦坐在窗子邊的桌子。描述前面onecouple所發(fā)生的動作行為,用動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。
2.Theseclubsgiveyoutheopportunity________(play)asportyouloveorlearnasportthatisnewtoyou.
toplay
句意:這些俱樂部給你機會去進行你所喜歡的運動或學習你還不熟悉的運動。opportunity后接動詞不定式作定語,表示“做……的機會”。
3.Inthesecases,clubmembershavetoworkhardtoorganizefundraisersandcollectmoneytokeeptheirsports________(go).
going
句意:這些情況下,俱樂部成員不得不努力組織募捐活動和籌集資金保證運動會的進行。keepdoing“一直做……”。
4.Hesawthestone,________(say)tohimself...
saying
5.BychanceElizabethsawDarcysandWickhamsfacesatthemomentwhentheycaughtsightofeachother,andshewas________(astonish)attheeffectofthemeeting.
astonished
句意:就在他們互相見面的時候,伊麗莎白碰巧看見了達西和威克姆的臉;她對會面的結果很吃驚。根據(jù)句意可知,表示人的心理狀態(tài),astonish用過去分詞形式。
6.Weshouldtryeveryeffort________(prevent)violencehappeningatschool,....
toprevent
句意:我們應該竭盡全力來防止校園暴力的發(fā)生……。tryeveryeffort“盡一切努力”,后面接不定式作目的狀語。
7.Theycanchoose________(live)inmanyenvironmentsandinawidevarietyofways.
tolive
句意:他們可以選擇生活在多種環(huán)境中,以不同的方式生活。choose后跟動詞不定式作賓語,choosetodosth.“選擇做某事”。
8.Asusual,Ihadtoleaveamessage,fully________(expect)tohearfromhimlaterthateveningorthenextday.
expecting
9.Halfwaythroughhistalk,thespeakerstoppedanddecided________(create)agroupactivity.
tocreate
句意:在他的講話到一半的時候,演講者停了下來,決定搞一個集體活動。decide后跟動詞不定式作賓語,decidetodosth.“決定做某事”。
10.Beforeleaving,wespenthalfanhour________(play)withthestudentsthere.
playing
句意:在離開之前我們花了半個小時的時間和那兒的學生們一起玩。spend...(in)doingsth.“花費……做某事”。
11.Iwassurprised________(see)youretakingthisclass.
tosee
句意:看到你也在上這個課我很驚訝。besurprisedtodosth.“做某事很驚訝”。
12.Iopenedthedoorandsawhim________(stand)thereandIdidntbelievemyeyesatfirst.
standing
句意:我打開門,看到他站在那里。我一開始都不敢相信自己的眼睛。seesb.doingsth.“看見某人正在做某事”。
二、語法填空
KeepingadiaryinEnglishisoneofthe__1__(effect)waystoimproveourEnglishwritingability.
__2__(compare)withotherformsofwriting,itisshorterandtakes__3__(little)time.ItcanhelpustodevelopthehabitofthinkinginEnglish.Ifwepersistinthispractice,graduallywelllearnhowtoexpress__4__(us)inEnglish.InkeepingadiaryinEnglish,wecertainlyrunupagainstmanydifficulties.In__5__firstplace,itoftenhappensthatwehavetrouble__6__(find)appropriatewordsandphrasestogiveexpressiontoourmind.Secondly,therearemanyidiomaticwaysofsayingthingsinChinese.AnditisextremelyhardforustoputthemintoEnglish__7__(proper).
AsfarasIamconcerned,my__8__(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChineseEnglishdictionarywithineasyreach.Wheneversomethingbeatsus,wecanfirstputitdowninournotebook__9__thenconsultourdictionary.WecanalsoturntoourEnglishteacherforhelp,ifnecessary.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis__10__greatusetokeepadiaryinEnglishforthedevelopmentofourwritingskills.
1.effective 修飾名詞ways用形容詞。
2.Compared comparedwith/to“與……相比”,是固定用法,常在句中作狀語。
3.less 根據(jù)前面的shorter判斷填比較級less,表示“更短,花時間更少”。
4.ourselves expressoneself“表達自己的觀點/感情等”,是固定短語,故填反身代詞ourselves。
5.the 從后面的secondly可以判斷出這里要表示順序,所以first前用定冠詞。
6.finding havetrouble(in)doingsth.“做某事有麻煩/困難”,是固定短語。
7.properly 修飾動詞put...into...用副詞,表示方式。
9.a(chǎn)nd 根據(jù)then判斷,前后兩個動作是遞進關系,填and。
10.of “beof+名詞”是固定用法,其意義相當于該名詞的同根形容詞;beofgreatuse相當于begreatlyuseful。
高考英語非謂語動詞和謂語動詞
經(jīng)驗告訴我們,成功是留給有準備的人。高中教師在教學前就要準備好教案,做好充分的準備。教案可以讓學生更好地進入課堂環(huán)境中來,幫助高中教師更好的完成實現(xiàn)教學目標。關于好的高中教案要怎么樣去寫呢?下面是由小編為大家整理的“高考英語非謂語動詞和謂語動詞”,希望能對您有所幫助,請收藏。
提示;在英語語法中,掌握好動詞的用法是最重要的,而非謂語動詞又是動詞中非常重要的一部分,由于它們內(nèi)容多,有些用法相似,所以不好掌握,經(jīng)常被混淆用錯,筆者通過列表比較方法,我們會對非謂語動詞的用法一目了然,找出異同,更好的掌握它們的用法,下面通過列表比較的方式,分析非謂語動詞的主要用法。一、非謂語動詞和謂語動詞的相對時間關系
非謂語動詞
相對謂語動詞的時間意義
例句
一般式不定式
說明行為在謂語動詞所表示的行為之后,多數(shù)是那些表愿望的詞:want;hope;expect;wish等。
Iwanttogohome.
Ihopetoseeyou.
說明行為與謂語動詞表示的行為同時發(fā)生,多數(shù)是那些省略不定式符號的詞,一般是復合賓語。
Isawhimcomein.
Hehelpedhim(to)carrythings.
一般式動名詞
表示動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)出。
Weenjoyedseeingthefilm.
Iamthinkingoftakingoverthejob.
在動詞insiston;relyon;counton(相信)等后表示動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之后發(fā)生。
Heinsistedondoingthatwork
在有些明確表示時間先后的動詞和介詞on;uponafter代替完成動名詞表示的動作在謂語動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生。
Irememberseeinghimbefore.
OnarrivingBeijing,hewenttoseehisfriend.
一般式分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞
持續(xù)性動詞
說明分詞表示的動作和句中謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。
Hestoodtherespeaking.
Holdingabookunderhisarm,heenteredtheroom.
終止性動詞
說明分詞表示的動作發(fā)生之后,句中謂語動詞表示的動作立刻發(fā)生。
Enteringtheroom,Ifoundnobodyin.
Turningtotheright,youwillfindthepostoffice.
過去分詞
持續(xù)性動詞
通常說明分詞表示的動作,此句中謂語動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生。
WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread.
Icantfindmylostpen.
說明分詞表示的動作和句中謂語動詞表示的動作并無先后。
Heisapersonwell-knowninthiscountry.
代替完成式現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)。
Educatedbytheparty,hebecameabravefighter.
完成式不定式
說明行為動詞在謂語動詞表示的行為動詞之前發(fā)生。
Imsorrytohavetroubledyou.
Heissaidtohavecomehere.
Heisthoughttohavedoneit.
Heisbelievedtohavedoneit.
Heseemedtohaveknownit.
在wish,hope,expect,intend,mean,suppose等動詞過去時后,說明行為動詞沒有實現(xiàn)。
Wewishedtohavedonethis.
Iexpectedtohaveleftbythen.
(=Ihadexpectedtoheavebythen.)
完成式動名詞
說明動名詞表示的動作,此句中動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生。
Weregrethavingtoldyouthenews.
Afterhavingfinishedhiswork,hewenthome.
Hedeniedhavingbroketheglasses.
完成式分詞
說明分詞表示的動作,此句中謂語動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生。多數(shù)表示一些瞬時間動詞。如果是hear;see或表示位置轉移的動詞arrive;leave;turn;open.不用完成時
Havingfinishedhiswork,hewenthome.
Sittingdownwithhim,webeguntodiscussit.
Hearingthis,heroseandwenttothedoor.
二.非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)1.非謂語動詞被動語態(tài)的意義
非謂語動詞
意義和用法
例句
不定式
表示被動的意義
Themeetingistobeheldnextweek.
Hewantedtobesenttothehardarea.
有時主動形式表示被動的意義,同被動沒什么區(qū)別,具有“應該”.“值的”的意思。不定式是主語的承受者,但有時作某些形容詞的賓語,如:nice,easy,hard,difficult,fit,suitable,good,heavy,comfortable,cheap等。
Itstoosmalltosee.
Thereisalotofworktodo
Thehouseistoletatlowrent.
Housesarestilltoseek.
Muchremainstodo.
Thetextishardtolearn.
動名詞
表示被動的意義
Heinsistedonbeingsenttothehardarea.
在動詞need,require等的主動語態(tài)和形容詞worth后,表示被動的意義
Mywatchneedsrepairing.
Thebookisworthreading.
分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞
表示被動的意義
Thebuildingbeingbuiltisaschool.
Nothavingbeentold,hedidntknowwheretostart.
過去分詞
表示被動的意義
Heated,themetalexpands.
2.一般現(xiàn)在分詞,完成的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞表示被動意義的區(qū)別
非謂語動詞
意義和用法
例句
一般式現(xiàn)在分詞
含有具體的意義,說明和句中謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生,一般是持續(xù)性動詞
Thepersonbeingcriticizedisourmonitor.
完成式分詞
表示動作狀態(tài)比句中謂語動作先發(fā)生,一般是瞬間動詞
Nothavingbeentoldaboutit,Idontknowhowtodoit.
過去分詞
具有一船的意義,強調(diào)事實,說明比句中謂語動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生,有時同完成式的被動詞態(tài)可互換。
Givenmoretime,(=Havingbeengiven)Icandoitmuchbetter.
三.非謂語動詞的句法作用1.非謂語動詞的句法作用一覽表
非謂語動詞句子成分
不定式
動名詞
分詞
主語
√
√
賓語
直接賓語
√
√
短語動詞賓語
√
√
賓語補語
√
√
√
介詞賓語
√
形容詞賓語
√
√
表語
√
√
√
定語
√
√
√
狀語
√
√
同謂語
√
√
插入語
√
√
2.非謂語動詞作主語
非謂語動詞
意義和用法
例句
不定式
動詞不定式表示比較具體的意義,經(jīng)常和特定的動作和執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系起來,經(jīng)常帶時間或地點狀語,有時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。
Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnoeasyjob.
Todoitwellismyearnestdesire
Toseethisfilmistowastetime.
Tosolvethisproblemisoutofthequestion
動詞不定式(短語)作主語時,常見的另一種形式是在句首用先行代詞it作形式主語,而將動詞不定式(短語)移到謂語之后作真正主語。用于這種形式是一些特定形容詞,動詞和名詞
1)形容詞作表語(常見的形容詞有:important,difficult,easyhardpossible)
Itisfoolishtoactinthisway.
Itsoundsreasonabletodoitthisway.
Itappearslikelyforthemtoarrive.
2)動詞作謂語(常見的動詞有:require,cost,amuse,delight,irritate,annoy
Ittookmuchtimetodothis.
Itmakesusexcitedtothinkaboutthat.
Itneededhardworktofinishthejob.
3)名詞作表語
Itseemsapitytowastethem.
Itisagreatpleasuretodothis
Itisagoodideatothinkthisway.
動名詞
動名詞表求比較抽象(一般)和經(jīng)常性的意義,有時可同不定式互換
Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.
Swimmingisabestsportinsummer.
Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.
Thereisnodenyingthefact.
Thereisnoneedinforminghimofit.
動名詞短語作主語時,常見的另一種形式是在句首用先行代詞it作形式主語面將動名詞短語移至謂語之后作真實主語。用于這種形式是一些特定形容詞和名詞
1)形容詞作表語(常見的形容詞有:enjoyable,good,hard,worthwhile)
Itisnicetalkingtoyou.
Itsfoolishbehavinglikethat.
Itisuselessdoingthat
2)名詞作表語
Itswasteoftimedoingthis.Itsnogood(use)doingthat.
Itsanawfuljobdoingthis.Itsfundoingthis
Itisnotaneasytaskdoingthiswork.