高中英語語法課教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2020-12-04牛津高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí):名詞性從句。
牛津高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí):名詞性從句名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞,可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此,名詞性從句廳分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。
(一)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
1、連接代詞:who,whose,whom,what,which。有詞義,在從句中擔(dān)任成分,如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。
2、連接副詞:when,where,why,how。有詞義,在從句中擔(dān)任成分,作狀語。
3、連接詞:that,whether,if,asif。that無詞義,在從句中不擔(dān)任成分,有時(shí)可省略;if(whether),asif雖有詞義,但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。
注意:連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句,因而從句中謂語不用疑問式。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當(dāng)句子成分,連接詞whether和if(是否),asif(好象)在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,只起連接作用。根據(jù)句義,如果連接代詞與連接副詞,whether、if和asif都用不上時(shí),才用that作連接詞(that本身無任何含義)。
(二)主語從句
1、主語從句在復(fù)合句作主語。
e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.
2、用it作形式主語,主語從句放在句末。
e.g.Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.
3、that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),不能省略。
e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.
(三)表語從句
1、表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語,位于系動(dòng)詞之后。
e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.
2、引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞that有時(shí)可省去。
e.g.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.
(四)賓語從句
1、賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略。
e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright.
2、介詞之后的賓語從句,不可用which或if連接,要分別用what或whether。
e.g.I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework..
I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid.
3、whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,??苫Q。但下面情況不能互換。
①賓語從句是否定句時(shí),只用if,不用whether。
e.g.Iwonderifitdoesn’train.
②用if會(huì)引起誤解,就要用whether。
e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易當(dāng)成條件句理解)
③賓語從句中的whether與ornot直接連用,就不能換成if;不直接連用,可換。
e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.
Idon’tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.
④介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。whether可與不定式連用。whether也可引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句,還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,以上均不能換成if。但引導(dǎo)條件從句時(shí),只能用if,而不能用whether。
e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.
Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.
Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.
(五)同位語從句
同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語,一般位于該名詞(如:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等)之后,說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。
e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.
相關(guān)知識(shí)
高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)――定語從句
一名合格的教師要充分考慮學(xué)習(xí)的趣味性,作為教師就要好好準(zhǔn)備好一份教案課件。教案可以讓學(xué)生更好的消化課堂內(nèi)容,幫助教師掌握上課時(shí)的教學(xué)節(jié)奏。您知道教案應(yīng)該要怎么下筆嗎?下面是小編為大家整理的“高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)――定語從句”,歡迎大家與身邊的朋友分享吧!
高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)――定語從句(一)定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)
1、關(guān)系代詞:who,whom,whose,which,that,as
2、關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首,主句先行詞之后,起著連接先行詞和從句的作用,同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。
e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語)
ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.(whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語)
3、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法:1)當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)用who作主語,whom作賓語;2)當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)用which,可作主語或賓語;3)先行詞為人、物時(shí)用that,可作主語或賓語;4)whose用作定語,可指人或物;5)關(guān)系副詞when(指時(shí)間,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語,where(指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語),why(指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語)。
(二)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句
1、限制性定語從句:從句與主句關(guān)系密切,去掉從句,主句意義不完整,甚至不合邏輯。
e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.(去掉定語從句,意思就不完整)
2、非限制性定語從句:從句對(duì)先行詞關(guān)系不密切,去掉定從句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號(hào)隔開,不能that用引導(dǎo)。
e.g.Tomsfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.(who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來翻譯)
(三)使用定語從句時(shí)特別注意的幾個(gè)問題
1、that與which的區(qū)別。
1)用that而不用which的情況:①先行詞為不定代詞all,anything,nothing,;②先行詞有最高級(jí)修飾,有序數(shù)詞修飾;③先行詞有only,very,any等詞修飾;④先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。
e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他們所參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。
MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識(shí)的唯一的外國人。
2)用which而不用that的情況:①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;②代表整個(gè)主句的意思;③介詞+關(guān)系代詞。
e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格,這使他的父親很生氣。
Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.這是父親去年居住過的房子。
3)as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)的用法
①as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句通常用于thesameas,suchas結(jié)構(gòu)中。
e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriends.我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。
SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我們車間使用的這種機(jī)器是中國制造的。
②as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用來修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型:asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。
e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.正如我所預(yù)料的那樣,他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。
3)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)與which的區(qū)別
①當(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時(shí),用as;反之,用which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
e.g.Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.
Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.
②當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時(shí),常用which引導(dǎo)。
e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesntlikeatall.
2.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。
e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語說得很流利。
ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.
3.定語從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠先行詞,中間由一個(gè)定語、狀語或謂語隔開。
e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcantunderstand.
4.引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可以用介詞+which來代替。
e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.
5.當(dāng)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動(dòng)詞時(shí)短語動(dòng)詞的各個(gè)固定部分不要拆開。
e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.
6.介詞在關(guān)系代詞前,只能用which和whom,且不能省略;介詞在句尾,關(guān)系代詞可有which,that,whom,口語中也可用who,且可省略。
e.g.Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.
練習(xí)、定語從句一、把下列每對(duì)句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句:
1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.
2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.
3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.
4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydontstudyhard.
5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.
6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.
7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.
8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.
9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.
10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.
11.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.
12.Thatsthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.
13.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.
14.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaventbeenhandedin.
15.Isthatthewoman?Herdaughterisinmyclass.
16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.
17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.
18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.
19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.
20.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.
二、根據(jù)句子意思,在第一個(gè)空白處填入介詞,在第二個(gè)填入關(guān)系代詞whom或which:
1.Theperson________________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.
2.Thepencil________________hewaswritingbroke.
3.WuDong,________________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.
4.Thetwothings________________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.
5.Herbag,________________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.
6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,________________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.
三、選擇填空:1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.
A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when
2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
3.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as
4.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who
5.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as
6.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when
7.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who
8.Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere?
A.whoB./C.thatD.when
9.Theman____youtalkedjustnowisaworker.
A.whoB.whomC.towhomD.towho
10.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfathersneighbour.
A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.which
11.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.
A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalking
C.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking
12.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.
A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhimC.youshowedD.whereyoushowed
13.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.
A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who
14.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.
A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which
15.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?
A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose
16.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.
A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all
17.Theforeignguests,____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.
A.mostofthemB.mostofthatC.mostofwhomD.mostofthose
18.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as
19.Iknowonlyalittleaboutthismatter;youmayask____knowsbetterthanI.
A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.theone
20.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.
A.whereB./C.whenD.what
21.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.onwhich
22.Nearbyweretwocanoes____theyhadcometotheisland.
A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD./
23.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim.
A.that,whatB.what,thatC.which,whatD.that,which
24.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?
A.thatB.whichC.itsD.whose
25.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.
A.whomB.whoC.towhomD.formwhom
26.Isthisschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?
A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where
27.Isthistheschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?
A.theoneB.whereC.inwhichD./
28,Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass____homesareinthecountry?
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
29.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.
A.itB.whichC.thatD.he
30.ThetrainwascrowdedandIhadtogetintoacarriage____alreadysevenotherpeople.
A.whentherewereB.whichtherewereC.thattherewereD.wheretherewere
31.Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.
A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.inthat
32.----Whatgameispopularwiththem?----The____mostistennis.
A.gametheylikeitB.gametheylikeC.bestgametheylikeD.bestgametheylikeit
33.Theystayedwithmethreeweeks,____theydrankallthewineIhad.
A.whichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichtimeD.duringwhich
34.Theroom____MrWhitelivesisnotverylarge.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
35.Dontforgettheday____youwerereceivedintotheYouthLeague.
A.whenB.thatC.atwhichD.where
36.Ivefinishedwritingthenovel,____istobepublishednextmonth.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when
37.Hereturnedhomesafeandsoundafterafiercebattle,____wasunexpected.
A.whichB.asC.thatD.it
38.____weisknowntoall,Englishisnotverydifficulttolearn.
A.WhatB.AsC.ThatD.Which
39.Theoldmanhadthreesons,allof____diedduringWorldWarⅡ.
A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.who
40.Ihaveboughttwopens,____writewell.
A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.bothofwhichD.allofwhich
41.Doyouknowthereason____shehaschangedhermind?
A.whyB.whichC.forthatD.ofwhich
42.Hefailedintheexam,____provesthathewasntworkinghardenough.
A.whichB.whatC.itD.that
43.Duringtheweek____hetriedtocollectmaterialsforhisarticle.
A.followingB.followedC.tofollowD.thatfollowed
44.____wasexpected,hesucceededintheexam.
A.ItB.WhichC.AsD.That
45.Hestudiedhardandlaterbecameawell-knownwriter,____hisfatherexpected.
A.thatwaswhatB.whatwasthatC.andwhichwasD.whichwaswhat
46.Weshouldreadsuchbooks____willmakeusbetterandwiser.
A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what
47.Youmustshowmywifethesamerespect____youshowme.
A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what
48.Heisabsent____isoftenthecase.
A.whatB.whichC.whoD.as
49.Itisthefirsttime____Ihavecometoyourcity.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when
50.Who____hasthesameideaasitwilldoitinthisway.
A.whoB.thatC.whomD.which
51.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears____Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,____hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who
52.Thisistheonlybook____Icanfind.
A.thatB.whichC.itD.withwhich
53.Idontlike____youspeaktoher.
A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich
54.Thatisoneofthosebooksthat____worthreading.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
55.Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentswhosehandwriting____thebest.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
56.Therewas____topreventtheaccident.
A.somethingcoulddoB.anythingwecoulddo
C.nothingwecouldntdoD.nothingwecoulddo
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作者:iteye_13575
來源:CSDN
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/iteye_13575/article/details/82270326
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牛津高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí):動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)
一名優(yōu)秀的教師在教學(xué)時(shí)都會(huì)提前最好準(zhǔn)備,作為教師就要精心準(zhǔn)備好合適的教案。教案可以更好的幫助學(xué)生們打好基礎(chǔ),減輕教師們?cè)诮虒W(xué)時(shí)的教學(xué)壓力。優(yōu)秀有創(chuàng)意的教案要怎樣寫呢?下面是小編精心為您整理的“牛津高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí):動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)”,希望能對(duì)您有所幫助,請(qǐng)收藏。
牛津高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí):動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)
1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法
1)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與表示頻腮度的時(shí)間狀語連用。
時(shí)間狀語:every…,sometimes, at…,onSunday
Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.
2)客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實(shí)。
Theearthmovesaroundthesun.
ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.
3)表示格言或警句中。
Pridegoesbeforeafall. 驕者必?cái) ?br>
注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時(shí),從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例:Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..
4)現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。
Idontwantsomuch.
AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.
比較:NowIputthesugarinthecup.
Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.
第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動(dòng)作,表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如:Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志,表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
2一般過去時(shí)的用法
1)在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
時(shí)間狀語有:yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。
Wheredidyougojustnow?
2)表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。
WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.
WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.
3)句型:
Itistimeforsb.todosth "到……時(shí)間了" "該……了"
Itistimesb.didsth."時(shí)間已遲了" "早該……了"
Itistimeforyoutogotobed. 你該睡覺了。
Itistimeyouwenttobed. 你早該睡覺了。
would(had)rathersb.didsth. 表示寧愿某人做某事
Idratheryoucametomorrow.
4)wish,wonder,think,hope等用過去時(shí),作試探性的詢問、請(qǐng)求、建議等。
Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以為你想要一些。
比較:
一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去,現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。
Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.
(含義:她已不在人間。)
Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.
(含義:她現(xiàn)在還活著)
Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.
(含義:達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.
(含義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)
注意:用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語氣。
1)動(dòng)詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。
Didyouwantanythingelse?
Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.
2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,would.
Couldyoulendmeyourbike?
3usedto/beusedto
usedto+do:"過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。
Motherusednottobesoforgetful.
Scarfusedtotakeawalk. (過去常常散步)
beusedto+doing:對(duì)……已感到習(xí)慣,或"習(xí)慣于",to是介詞,后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.
Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.(現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于散步)
典型例題
----Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.
----Its69568442.
A.didntB.couldnt C.dont D.cant
答案A.本句雖沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時(shí)候沒有聽懂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,因此應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。
4一般將來時(shí)
1) shall用于第一人稱,常被will所代替。
will在陳述句中用于各人稱,在爭求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。
WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst.
Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?
2) begoingto+不定式,表示將來。
a.主語的意圖,即將做某事。
Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?
b.計(jì)劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。
Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。
c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事
Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.
3) be+不定式表將來,按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。
WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.
4) beaboutto+不定式,意為馬上做某事。
HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.
注意:beaboutto不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。
5begoingto/will
用于條件句時(shí),begoingto 表將來
will 表意愿
Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,youdbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.
Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.
6beto和begoingto
beto表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。
begoingto表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。
Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客觀安排)
Imgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主觀安排)
7一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來
1)下列動(dòng)詞:come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。這主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。
Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.
Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.
2)倒裝句,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,如:
Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.
Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.
3)在時(shí)間或條件句中。
WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.
IllwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.
4)在動(dòng)詞hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后。
Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.
Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.
8用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來
意為:"意圖"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用詞為come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。
Imleavingtomorrow.
Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?
9現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀 態(tài),其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去 但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或 狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成:have(has)+過去分詞。
10比較過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1)過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。
2)過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用,或無時(shí)間狀語。
一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:
yesterday,lastweek,…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具體的時(shí)間狀語
共同的時(shí)間狀語:
thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once,before,already,recently,lately
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語
for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet, till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,
不確定的時(shí)間狀語
3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.
過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。
舉例:
Isawthisfilmyesterday.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。)
Ihaveseenthisfilm.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)
Whydidyougetupsoearly?
(強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過了。)
Whohasnthandedinhispaper?
(強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子,可能為不公平競爭。)
ShehasreturnedfromParis.
她已從巴黎回來了。
Shereturnedyesterday.
她是昨天回來了。
HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.
(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))
HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.
(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))
HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.
(三年前入團(tuán),joined為短暫行為。)
Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.
---WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White?
---Hesalreadybeensentfor.
句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如yesterday,last,week,in1960)時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要用過去時(shí)。
(錯(cuò))Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.
(對(duì))Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.
11用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型
1)Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.
Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.
2)Thisisthe…that…結(jié)構(gòu),that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).
ThisisthebestfilmthatIve(ever)seen.
這是我看過的最好的電影。
Thisisthefirsttime(that)Iveheardhimsing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
典型例題
(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?
---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.
A.was B.havebeen C.came D.amcoming
答案B.Thisisthefirsttime后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故選B。
(2)---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?
---No,itsthefirsttimeI___here.
A.even,come B.even,havecomeC.ever,come D.ever,havecome
答案D.ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時(shí),反意詞為never,此兩詞常用于完成時(shí)。ThisisthelargestfishIhaveeverseen.Itis/wasthefirsttime+that-clause的句型中,從句要用完成時(shí)。
注意:非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。
(錯(cuò))Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.
(對(duì))Ihaventreceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.
12比較since和for
Since用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間,for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長度。
Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.
IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn..
Myaunthasworkedinaclinicsince1949.
Somenewoilfieldshavebeenopenedupsince1976.
IhaveknownXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.
MybrotherhasbeenintheYouthLeaguefortwoyears.
Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.
注意:并非有for作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.
(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)
Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.
(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)
小竅門: 當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+一段時(shí)間,這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,我們用下面的公式轉(zhuǎn)化,很容易就能排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中的誤使。
1) (對(duì))TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.
=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.
2) (錯(cuò))Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.
=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.
顯然,第二句不對(duì),它應(yīng)改為Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago. 或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.
13since的四種用法
1)since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn) (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。
Ihavebeenheresince1989.
2)since+一段時(shí)間+ago
Ihavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.
3)since+從句
Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.
Considerabletimehaselapsedsincewehavebeenhere.
4)Itis+一段時(shí)間+since從句
ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.
14延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞
1)用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷;瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語連用。
Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。(表結(jié)果)
Iveknownhimsincethen.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷)
2) 用于till/until從句的差異
延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……"瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"
Hedidntcomebackuntiltenoclock.
他到10點(diǎn)才回來。
Hesleptuntiltenoclock.
他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。
典型例題
1.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.
A.hadmet B.havemet C.met D.meet
答案B.首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,severaltimes告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
2.---Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.
---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.
A.havebeen B.hadbeen C.was D.willbe
答案A.等待的動(dòng)作由過去開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
15過去完成時(shí)
1)概念:表示過去的過去
----|-------|-----|----其構(gòu)成是had+過去分詞構(gòu)成。
那時(shí)以前 那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在
2)用法
a. 在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。
Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.
b.狀語從句
在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時(shí)。
Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.
c.表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…,未能…"
Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidnt.
3) 過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas。
HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.
Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.
Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.
典型例題
Thestudents___busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe___intheoffice.
A.hadwritten,left B,werewriting,hasleft C.hadwritten,hadleft D.werewriting,hadleft
答案D."把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過去的動(dòng)作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去,用過去完成時(shí)。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn),表示在"同學(xué)們正忙于……"這一背景下,when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此
前一句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
注意: hadno…when還沒等……就……
hadnosooner…than剛……就……
Hehadnosoonerboughtthecarthanhesoldit.
16用一般過去時(shí)代替完成時(shí)
1) 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生,又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后,或用then,and,but等連詞時(shí),多用一般過去時(shí)。
Whenshesawthemouse,shescreamed.
MyauntgavemeahatandIlostit.
2)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生,可用一般過去時(shí);如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作需要若干時(shí)間完成,用過去完成時(shí)。
WhenIheardthenews,Iwasveryexcited.
3) 敘述歷史事實(shí),可不用過去完成時(shí),而只用一般過去時(shí)。
OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.
17將來完成時(shí)
1)構(gòu)成will/begoingtodosth.
2)概念
a.狀態(tài)完成:表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。
b.動(dòng)作完成:表示將來某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作之前,已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或一獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.
YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.
18現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法:
a.表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。Wearewaitingforyou.
b.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行:表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作,說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。
Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.
(說話時(shí)并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)
SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.
c.表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。
Theleavesareturningred.
Itsgettingwarmerandwarmer.
d.與always,constantly,forever等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。
Youarealwayschangingyourmind.
典型例題
Mydictionary___,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill___it.
A.haslost,dontfindB.ismissing,dontfind C.haslost,haventfound D.ismissing,haventfound.
答案D.前句是一個(gè)仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài),應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí),由于沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應(yīng)用完成時(shí),瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定式時(shí)可用于完成時(shí)。
19不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞
1)事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞
have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue
Ihavetwobrothers.
Thishousebelongstomysister.
2)心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞
Know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate
Ineedyourhelp.
Helovesherverymuch.
3)瞬間動(dòng)詞
accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.
Iacceptyouradvice.
4)系動(dòng)詞
seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn
Youseemalittletired.
20過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1)概念:表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。
2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個(gè)長動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候,另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。
3)常用的時(shí)間狀語
thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while
Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.
Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.
WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.
典型例題
1)Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.
A.made B.ismaking C.wasmaking D.makes
答案C.割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。同 時(shí),when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性,"瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)"提供事情發(fā)生的背景,因此用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2)Asshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.
read;wasfalling B.wasreading;fell C.wasreading;wasfalling D.read;fell
答案B.句中的as=when,while,意為"當(dāng)……之時(shí)"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí),用過去進(jìn)行;一個(gè)長動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候,另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為"在她看報(bào)紙時(shí),奶奶睡著了。"句中的fell(fall的過去時(shí)),是系動(dòng)詞,后跟形容詞,如:fallsick。
21將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
1)概念:表示將來某時(shí)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作,或按預(yù)測將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。
Shellbecomingsoon.
Illbemeetinghimsometimeinthefuture.
注意:將來進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于表示"意志",不能說Illbehavingatalkwithher.
2)常用的時(shí)間狀語
Soon,tomorrow,thisevening,onSunday,bythistime,tomorrow,intwodays,tomorrowevening
Bythistimetomorrow,Illbelyingonthebeach.
22一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)
時(shí)間狀語從句,條件句中,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)
When,while,before,after,till,once,assoonas,solongas,bythetime,if,incase(that),unless,evenif,whether,themoment,theminute,theday,theyear,immediately
HeisgoingtovisitherauntthedayhearrivesinBeijing.他一到北京,就去看他姨媽。
典型例題
(1)Hesaidhe________meapresentunlessI_______indoingtheexperiment.
A.hadnotgiven;hadnotsucceededB.wouldnotgive;succeed
C.willnotgive;succeedD.wouldnotgive;willsucceed.
答案B.在時(shí)間,條件或讓步主語從句中一般不用將來時(shí)。本題有Hesaid,故為過去式。主句用將來時(shí),故選B.此處用一般過去式代替了過去將來時(shí)。
(2)表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項(xiàng),行程等活動(dòng)。
Themuseumopensattentomorrow. 博物館明天10點(diǎn)開門。(實(shí)際上每天如此。)
23一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替過去時(shí)
1)"書上說","報(bào)紙上說"等。
Thenewspapersaysthatitsgoingtobecoldtomorrow.報(bào)紙上說明天會(huì)很冷的。
2)敘述往事,使其生動(dòng)。
Napoleonsarmynowadvancesandthegreatbattlebegins.
24一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)
1)有些動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí):
hear,tell,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find,say, remember.
Ihear(=haveheard)hewillgotoLondon.
Iforget(=haveforgotten)howoldheis.
2)句型"Itis…since…"代替"Ithasbeen…since…"
3)Itis(=hasbeen)fiveyearssincewelastmet.
25一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替進(jìn)行時(shí)
1)句型:Herecomes…;Theregoes…
Look,herecomesMr.Li.
26現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)
1)表示即將發(fā)生的或預(yù)定中計(jì)劃好的活動(dòng)。
Areyoustayingwithusthisweekend?這周和我們一起度周末嗎?
Weareleavingsoon. 我們馬上就走。
2)漸變動(dòng)詞,如:get,run,grow,become,begin及die。
Heisdying.
27時(shí)態(tài)一致
1)如果從句所敘述的為真理或不變的事實(shí),則永遠(yuǎn)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
Atthattime,peopledidnotknowthattheearthmoves.
Hetoldmelastweekthatheiseighteen.
2)賓語從句中的助動(dòng)詞ought,need,must,dare時(shí)態(tài)是不變的。
HethoughtthatIneednottellyouthetruth.
28時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語
時(shí)間狀語
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)every…,sometimes, at…,onSunday,
一般過去時(shí)yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow
一般將來時(shí)next…,tomorrow,in+時(shí)間,
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,recently
過去完成時(shí)before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while
將來進(jìn)行時(shí)soon,tomorrow,thisevening,onSunday,bythistime,tomorrow,intwodays,tomorrowevening
牛津高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
牛津高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征
1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生。
2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞除ought和have外,后面只能接不帶to的不定式。
3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱,數(shù)的變化,即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。
4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有非謂語形式,即沒有不定式,分詞,等形式。
2比較can和beableto
1)can could表示能力;可能(過去時(shí)用could),
只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。beableto可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告訴你消息了。
2)只用beableto
a.位于助動(dòng)詞后。
b.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。
c.表示過去某時(shí)刻動(dòng)作時(shí)。
d.用于句首表示條件。
e.表示成功地做了某事時(shí),只能用was/wereableto,不能用could。
HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.
=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.
注意:could不表示時(shí)態(tài)
1)提出委婉的請(qǐng)求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。
---CouldIhavethetelevisionon?
---Yes,youcan./No,youcant.
2)在否定,疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。
Hecouldntbeabadman.
他不大可能是壞人。
3比較may和might
1)表示允許或請(qǐng)求;表示沒有把握的推測;may放在句首,表示祝愿。
MayGodblessyou!
Hemightbeathome.
注意:might表示推測時(shí),不表示時(shí)態(tài)。只是可能性比may小。
2)成語:may/mightaswell,后面接不帶to的不定式,意為"不妨"。
Ifthatisthecase,wemayaswelltry.
典型例題
Peter___comewithustonight,butheisntverysureyet.
A.mustB.may C.can D.will
答案B.表可能性只能用may. 此句意可從后半句推出。
4比較haveto和must
1) 兩詞都是必須的意思,haveto表示客觀的需要,must表示說話人主觀上的看法,既主觀上的必要。
Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight. 我弟弟病得很厲害,我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來。(客觀上需要做這件事)
Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他說他們必須努力工作。(主觀上要做這件事)
2) haveto有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化,而must只有一種形式。但must可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務(wù)。
Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.
3)在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中:donthaveto 表示"不必"
mustnt表示"禁止",
Youdonthavetotellhimaboutit. 你不一定要把此事告訴他。
Youmustnttellhimaboutit.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。
5must表示推測
1)must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測,意為"一定"。
2)must表對(duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時(shí),must后面通常接系動(dòng)詞be的原形或行為動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式。
Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired. 你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷)
Hemustbeworkinginhisoffice.他一定在辦公室工作呢。
比較:
Hemustbestayingthere.
他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。
Hemuststaythere.
他必須呆在那。
3)must表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的推測時(shí),must要接完成式。
Ididnthearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep. 我剛才沒有聽到電話,我想必是睡著了。
4)must表示對(duì)過去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情的推測,must后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)行式。
---Whydidntyouanswermyphonecall?
---Well,Imusthavebeensleeping,soIdidnthearit.
5)否定推測用cant。
IfTomdidntleavehereuntilfiveoclock,hecantbehomeyet. 如果湯姆五點(diǎn)才離開這兒,他此時(shí)一定還未到家。
6表示推測的用法
can,could,may,might,must皆可表示推測,其用法如下:
1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。
表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測,此時(shí)動(dòng)詞通常為系動(dòng)詞。
Idontknowwheresheis,shemaybeinWuhan.
2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測。
Atthismoment,ourteachermustbecorrectingourexampapers.
這時(shí),我們老師想必在批改試卷。
3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)。
表示對(duì)過去情況的推測。
WewouldhavefinishedthisworkbytheendofnextDecember.
明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項(xiàng)工作了。
Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.
地是濕的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
表示對(duì)過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測。
Yourmothermusthavebeenlookingforyou.
你媽媽一定一直在找你。
5)推測的否定形式,疑問形式用cant,couldnt表示。
Mikecanthavefoundhiscar,forhecametoworkbybusthismorning.
邁克一定還沒有找回他的車,因?yàn)樵缟纤亲财噥砩习嗟摹?br>
注意:could,might表示推測時(shí)不表示時(shí)態(tài),其推測的程度不如can,may。
7情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過去分詞
1)may(might)have+donesth,can(could)have+donesth 表示過去,推測過去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情。
Philipmay(might)havebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident.
Philipcan(could)havebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident.
2) musthave+donesth,對(duì)過去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測,語氣較強(qiáng),具有"肯定","諒必"的意思。
---Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.
---Shemusthavegonebybus.
3)oughttohavedonesth,shouldhavedonesth
本應(yīng)該做某事,而事實(shí)上并沒有做。否定句表示"不該做某事而做了"。
Yououghtto(should)havebeenmorecarefulinthisexperiment.
Heoughtnottohavethrowntheoldclothesaway.(事實(shí)上已扔了。)
oughtto在語氣上比should要強(qiáng)。
4)neednthavedonesth 本沒必要做某事
Idressedverywarmlyforthetrip,butI neednthavedoneso.Theweatherwashot.
5)wouldliketohavedonesth 本打算做某事
Iwouldliketohavereadthearticle,butIwasverybusythen.
8should和oughtto
should和oughtto都為"應(yīng)該"的意思,可用于各種人稱。
---Oughthetogo?
---Yes.Ithinkheoughtto.
表示要求,命令時(shí),語氣由should(應(yīng)該)、hadbetter最好)、must(必須)漸強(qiáng)。
9hadbetter表示"最好"
hadbetter相當(dāng)于一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞,它只有一種形式,它后面要跟動(dòng)詞原形。
hadbetterdosth
hadbetternotdosth
Itisprettycold.Youdbetterputonmycoat.
Shedbetternotplaywiththedog.
hadbetterhavedonesth表示與事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果,意為"本來最好"。
Youhadbetterhavecomeearlier.
10wouldrather表示"寧愿"
wouldratherdo
wouldrathernotdo
wouldrather…than… 寧愿……而不愿。
還有wouldsooner,hadrather,hadsooner都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。
IfIhaveachoice,Ihadsoonernotcontinuemystudiesatthisschool.
Iwouldratherstayherethangohome.=Iwouldstayhereratherthangohome.
典型例題
----Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?
----Which___do?
A.doyouratherB.wouldyourather C.willyourather D.shouldyourather
答案B。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞rather的用法,wouldrather+dosth意為"寧愿",本題為疑問句,would提前,所以選B。
11will和would
注意:
1)wouldlike;Wouldliketodo=wantto想要,為固定搭配。
Wouldyouliketogowithme?
2)Willyou…? Wouldyoulike…?表示肯定含義的請(qǐng)求勸說時(shí),疑問句中一般用some,而不是any。
Wouldyoulikesomecake?
3)否定結(jié)構(gòu)中用will,一般不用would,wontyou是一種委婉語氣。
Wontyousitdown?
12情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答方式
問句 肯定回答否定回答
Needyou…?Yes,Imust. No,Ineednt
Mustyou…? /donthaveto.
典型例題
1)---CouldIborrowyourdictionary?
---Yes,ofcourse,you____.
A.might B.will C.can D.should
答案C.could表示委婉的語氣,并不為時(shí)態(tài)。答語中ofcourse,表示肯定的語氣,允許某人做某事時(shí),用can和may來表達(dá),不能用could或might。復(fù)習(xí):will與you連用,用來提出要求或下命令。should與you連用,用來提出勸告。
2)---ShallItellJohnaboutit?
---No,you___.Ivetoldhimalready.
A.needntB.wouldntC.mustntD.shouldnt
答案A。neednt不必,不用。wouldnt將不,不會(huì)的。mustnt禁止、不能。shouldnt 不應(yīng)該。本題為不需要,不必的意思,應(yīng)用neednt。
3)---Dontforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.
---______.
A.Idont B. Iwont C.Icant D.Ihavent
答案B. will既可當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表請(qǐng)求、建議、也可作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表"意愿、意志、決心",本題表示決心,選B。
13帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有四個(gè):oughtto,haveto,usedto,beto,如加上havegotto,(=must),beableto,為六個(gè)。它們的疑問,否定形式應(yīng)予以注意:
Dotheyhavetopaytheirbillbeforetheendofthemonth?
Shedidntusetoplaytennisbeforeshewasfourteen.
Yououghtnottohavetoldherallaboutit.
Oughthetoseeaheartspecialistatonce.?
oughtto本身作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用。其他的詞作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用,變疑問,否定時(shí),須有do等助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助。
典型例題
Tomoughtnotto___meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.
A.havetold B.tell C.betelling D.havingtold
答案A。由于后句為過去時(shí),告訴秘密的動(dòng)作又發(fā)生在其前因,此地應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí),但它在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞oughtto后,所以用have。
14比較need和dare
這兩詞既可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用,又可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,兩者都只能用于疑問句,否定句和條件句。need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面的不定式必須帶to,而dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí),后面的to時(shí)常可以被省略。
1)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞:need?。ㄐ枰?要求)
need+n./todosth
2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式為neednot。
Needyougoyet?
Yes,Imust./No,Ineednt.
3)need的被動(dòng)含義:need,want,require,worth(形容詞)后面接doing也可以表示被動(dòng):
needdoing=needtobedone
高考英語名詞性從句語法復(fù)習(xí)
一名優(yōu)秀的教師在每次教學(xué)前有自己的事先計(jì)劃,作為高中教師就要早早地準(zhǔn)備好適合的教案課件。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠在教學(xué)期間跟著互動(dòng)起來,減輕高中教師們?cè)诮虒W(xué)時(shí)的教學(xué)壓力。高中教案的內(nèi)容要寫些什么更好呢?下面是小編幫大家編輯的《高考英語名詞性從句語法復(fù)習(xí)》,歡迎大家閱讀,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
高中英語語法之名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(NounClauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:
連詞:that(無任何詞意)whether,if(均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性)asif,asthough(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分
連接代詞:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,whichever,whomever
連接副詞:when,where,how,why,howmany,howmuch,howoften
不可省略的連詞:
1.介詞后的連詞
2.引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.
比較:whether與if均為"是否"的意思。但在下列情況下,只可用whether:
1.whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首2.引導(dǎo)表語從句3.whether從句作介詞賓語4.從句后有"ornot"
Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.
大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以置于句末,用it充當(dāng)形式主語。
Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.
二.主語從句
1、作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如:
Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我們說什么,還不清楚。
Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。
Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。
WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英語晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行,還沒有宣布。
有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首,而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下:
(1)It+be+名詞+that從句(2)It+be+形容詞+that從句(3)It+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+that從句(4)It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句
另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…
2、第一部分:常規(guī)主語從句,即句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)主語
主語從句的時(shí)態(tài):不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)影響和限制。
(1)Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.
(2)Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.
(3)Whowillbeourmonitorhasntbeendecidedyet.
(4)Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.
(5)Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.
(6)Whateveryoudidisright.
(7)Whothewatchbelongstowaslostisunknown.
(8)Whatweneedistime.
(9)Whatweneedaregooddoctors.
小結(jié):(1)引導(dǎo)主語從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等(2)連詞位于句首不能省略(3)主語從句大多數(shù)情況下視為三單,但也有例外,如例9
第二部分:為了防止句子頭重腳輕,通常把形式主語it放在主語位置,真正主語擱置于句末
(1)Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.
(2)Itistruethathehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.
(3)Itisverylikelythattheywillholdameeting.
(4)Itisstrangethatheshoulddothat.
(5)Itisimportantthatweallshouldattendthemeeting.
(6)Itisstrangethatthemanshouldhavestucktohissillyideas.
(7)Itisapitythatwewontbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummervacation.
(8)Itisstillamysterywhatcausedtheaccident.
(9)Itissaidthathehasgonetoshanghai.(=Heissaidtohavegonetoshanghai)
(10)ItisknowntoallthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.
(11)Itissuggestedthattheworkshouldbedonewithgreatcare.
(12)Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.(=Heseemstohaveseenthefilm)
(13)Ithappenedthatthetwocheatswerethere.(=Thetwocheatshappenedtobethere)
小結(jié):(1)以that引出的主語從句,常以形式主語it引導(dǎo).Itis+形容詞/名詞/某些動(dòng)詞ed+that從句.(2)在有些that從句中要用虛擬語氣(should+do/should+havedone)例句4,5,6,11.
3、主語從句的用法
主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1.It作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較
It作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分,都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.
2.用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)
(1)Itis+名詞+從句
Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是…Itisanhonorthat…非常榮幸
Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常識(shí)
(2)itis+形容詞+從句
Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…
(3)it+不及物動(dòng)詞+從句
Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…
(4)itis+過去分詞+從句
Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已證實(shí)…
3.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況
(1)if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。
(2)Itissaid,(reported)…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.
(3)Ithappens…,Itoccurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.
(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.
(5)含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí),主語從句不可提前。例如:
Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?
4.What與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別
What引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語.賓語.表語,而that則不然。例如:Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.
三、賓語從句
名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。
1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如:
HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。
Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好,別人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后,賓語從句常用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如:
Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。
Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。
2.用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句,應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如:Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告訴了你什么。
Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。
Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要幫助的人,她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。
3.用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時(shí);b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí);c.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時(shí);d.從句后有“ornot”時(shí);e.后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。例如:
Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有沒有生命是個(gè)有趣的問題。Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?現(xiàn)在的問題是她是否應(yīng)該有一個(gè)低意見的測試?Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.我想知道他來還是不來。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?你能否告訴我是去還是留?
4.注意賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況,而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如:
hestudiesEnglisheveryday.(從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
hestudiedEnglishlastterm.(從句用一般過去時(shí))
Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.(從句用一般將來時(shí))
hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)(could,would除外),從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài),如一般過去時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),過去將來時(shí)等;當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理,科學(xué)原理,自然現(xiàn)象,則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如:TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.
5.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語從句中,要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如?br>
Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我們認(rèn)為你不在這。
Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。
6.時(shí)態(tài):1.主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)。2.主句用過去時(shí),從句用過去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。
3.主句用過去時(shí),從句是客觀真理時(shí),只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
7.賓語從句的連接詞
從屬連詞:連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句.
Hetoldmethathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear他告訴我他明年上大學(xué).
Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車.
Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.沒人知道他是否會(huì)通過考試.
連接代詞:連接代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問,但what,whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.
DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報(bào)的游戲?
ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.
這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.
Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?
你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?
連接副詞:連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面.
Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎?
Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.
沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.
8.動(dòng)詞的賓語從句
大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語從句
Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.
我們都預(yù)料他們會(huì)贏,因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯.
Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthoughthewholework.
他告訴我們?cè)谡麄€(gè)工作中,他都會(huì)幫忙的.
部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句
Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會(huì)的所有票都賣光了.
Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?
你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎?
動(dòng)詞短語也可以帶賓語從句
常見的這些詞有:makesure確保makeupone’smind下決心keepinmind牢記
Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.
在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯(cuò)誤.
可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句
①動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的.
IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together. 我沒去聚會(huì),感覺非常遺憾.
IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries. 我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.
Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.
我們都認(rèn)為對(duì)這件事馬上做出決定很重要.
②有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)需要在賓語與從句前加it
這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate,take,owe,have,seeto.
Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話.
Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行.
Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的.
Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.
開啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí),一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.
③若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替
Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的.
Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的.
9.介詞的賓語從句
用wh-類的介詞賓語從句
Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.
我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.
ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.
這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號(hào)載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句
有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.
對(duì)于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.
10.形容詞的賓語從句
常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
IamsureIwillpasstheexam.我確信我會(huì)通過考試.
IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.很抱歉我這么長時(shí)間在打擾你.
HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.
他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他.
11.if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別
①if和whether在作“是否”解時(shí),引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動(dòng)詞know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后,介詞后一般不用if②少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.③whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.(如:Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能決定是否留下。)⑤避免歧異時(shí),我們常用whether而不用if.
12.哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that
1.當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí);2.當(dāng)賓語從句較長時(shí);3.當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾,賓語從句之前時(shí);4.當(dāng)主語謂語動(dòng)詞(包括非謂語動(dòng)詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí);5.當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí),此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略,第二個(gè)that不可以省略;6.當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時(shí);7.當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí);當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞或主語從句時(shí);8.當(dāng)主語中的謂語動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí);9.當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時(shí);10.在直接引語中,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時(shí).
13.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.
Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能說成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.
我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來我的舞會(huì).
Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?
我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?
如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.
Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課,是不是?
14.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序
當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響.
當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)
①從句用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生
Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhewasin.
我只知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在西方的一個(gè)國家讀書,可不知道是哪個(gè)國家.
HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.
他問我他進(jìn)來的時(shí)候我是否正在讀老人與海.
②從句過去完成時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前
HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.
他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會(huì)議的事情告訴的了Mary.
③從句謂語用過去將來時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之后
Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.
記者問政府是否會(huì)采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.
如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理,那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化
Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.
老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn).
當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時(shí),不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首
Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?
你認(rèn)為今年公眾會(huì)選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手.
四、表語從句
1、在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后,有時(shí)用asif引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+系動(dòng)詞+that從句。例如:
Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。
That’sjustwhatIwant.這正是我想要的。
Thisiswhereourproblemlies.這就是我們的問題所在。
Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí),表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如:
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.
whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句,但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。
2、簡介
定義:A表語從句就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語。說明主語是什么或者怎么[1]樣,由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當(dāng),和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。
Theproblemispuzzling.這問題令人困惑
主語連系動(dòng)詞形容詞作表語
Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.問題是什么時(shí)候我們可以得到加薪.
主語連系動(dòng)詞一個(gè)句子作表語---表語從句
B連接表語從句的連接詞有:that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how.
Hehasbecomeateacher.他已經(jīng)成為一名教師。
Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.他已經(jīng)成為了他10年前想成為的。
Shehasremainedthereforanhour.她曾在那里停留了一個(gè)小時(shí)。
ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一個(gè)小時(shí)。
Hissuggestionisgood.他的建議是好的。
Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.他的建議是,我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜。
Thequestionisconfusing.這個(gè)問題令人困惑.
Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.問題是,他什么時(shí)候可以到達(dá)酒店。
whowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.誰與我明天將前往北京。
whyhecriedyesterday.昨天他為什么哭。
howIcanpersuadehertojoinusintheparty.我怎么能說服她加入我們的派對(duì)。
whethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.是否敵人正向我們行進(jìn).
注意:
A表語從句一定要用陳述語序。
False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.
Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.
B不可以用if,而用whether連接表語從句(asif例外)。
引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以互換if/whether位于介詞后要用whether
位于句首時(shí)要用whether
引導(dǎo)表語從句,主語從句,同位語從句時(shí)要用whether
False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.
C不像賓語從句,在有表語從句的復(fù)合句中,主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。
Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.
Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.
Dthat在表語從句中不可以省掉。
3、基本用法
表語從句只能置于主句之后,而主句的動(dòng)詞只能是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞。
名詞性從句在be等系動(dòng)詞后作表語時(shí)被稱為表語從句,例如:Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.問題是我們?cè)鯓幽芘轿覀冃枰臇|西。(how在表語從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語)//ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.這把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what在表語從句中充當(dāng)賓語)//WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告訴他的是我會(huì)給他找個(gè)好劇本。(what在主語從句中作直接賓語,that作為表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,不能省略)//ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要對(duì)你講的。(what在表語從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語)//Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why在表語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語)
注意:“Thatiswhy...”是常用句型,意為“這就是……的原因/因此……”,其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語,該句型通常用于針對(duì)前面已經(jīng)說明過的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié),又如:Thatiswhyyouseethisoldwomanbeforeyouknow,Jeanne.珍妮,這就是現(xiàn)在這個(gè)老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne對(duì)老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異,說話人對(duì)她講述了其中的原因之后,用這一句來進(jìn)行概括)。//ThatiswhyIcame.這就是我來的原因。
下面是兩個(gè)與“Thatiswhy...”形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu),它們與“Thatiswhy...”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚:
(1)“Thatiswhy...”與“Thatisthereasonwhy...”同義,只不過從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講,“Thatisthereasonwhy...”中why引導(dǎo)的是—個(gè)定語從句,將其中的thereason去掉則與“Thatiswhy...”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,例如:Thatis(thereason)whyIcannotagree.這就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“Thatisbecause...”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語,這也是個(gè)常用句型,意為“這就是為什么……/因?yàn)椤??!癟hatisbecause...”與“Thatiswhy...”之間的不同在于“Thatisbecause...”指原因或理由,“Thatiswhy...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果,例如:Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影,那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。(第一句話說明結(jié)果,第二句話說明原因)
Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前曾看過那部電影,因此他昨天晚上沒有去看。(第一句話說明原因,第二句話說明結(jié)果)
五、同位語從句
1、同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo),可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。
Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。
ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。
同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別:
that作為關(guān)系代詞,可以引導(dǎo)定語從句,充當(dāng)句子成分,在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略;that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),起連詞的作用,沒有實(shí)際意義,不充當(dāng)句子成分,一般不能省略。
試比較下面兩個(gè)例句:
Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,不能省略)
Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?(that引導(dǎo)定語從句,作賓語,可以省略)
2、簡介
同位語部分是個(gè)句子,就是同位語從句,這種用法比較"固定",把關(guān)鍵的幾個(gè)詞背下來.
一、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。如:
Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我聽到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息。
Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.我不知道你在這里。
二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。如:
I’vecomefromMrwangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我從王先生那里來,他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。
三、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞that,whether,連接副詞how,when,where等。(注:if,which不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。)如:
lhavenoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。
Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.
他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問題。
四、有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開。如:
Severalyearslater,wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.
幾年以后,有消息傳來說拿破侖要親自視察他們。
Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.
他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。
六、名詞性that-從句
1)由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語,例如:
主語:Thatsheisstillaliveisherluck. 他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。
賓語:JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。
表語:Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently. 事實(shí)是近來誰也沒有見過他。
同位語:Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.
近來誰也沒有見過他,這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安。
形容詞賓語:Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.你對(duì)工作滿意我感到很高興。
2)That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞,而將that-從句置于句末,例如:
Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure. 很清楚,整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。
Itsapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系:
a.It+be+形容詞+that-從句
Itisnecessarythat… 有必要……Itisimportantthat… 重要的是……
Itisobviousthat… 很明顯……
b.It+be+-ed分詞+that-從句
Itisbelievedthat… 人們相信……Itisknowntoallthat… 眾所周知……
Ithasbeendecidedthat… 已決定……
c.It+be+名詞+that-從句
Itiscommonknowledgethat… ……是常識(shí)Itisasurprisethat… 令人驚奇的是……
Itisafactthat… 事實(shí)是……
d.It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that-從句
Itappearsthat… 似乎……Ithappensthat… 碰巧……
Itoccurredtomethat… 我突然想起……
七、名詞性wh-從句
1)由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who,whom,.whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等連接代詞和where,when,how,why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外,還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語和間接賓語等,例如:
主語:Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor. 書銷售如何取決于作者本人。
直接賓語:Inonesownhomeonecandowhatonelikes. 在自己家里可以隨心所欲。
間接賓語:Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize. 俱樂部將給得勝者設(shè)獎(jiǎng)。
表語:MyquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation. 我的問題是誰將接任該基金會(huì)主席職位。
賓語補(bǔ)足語:Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位語: Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。
形容詞賓語:Imnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請(qǐng)。
介詞賓語: Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.
那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?br>
2)Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語,而將wh-從句置于句末,例如:
Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob. 還沒決定誰做這項(xiàng)工作。
Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried. 他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。
八、if,whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句
1)yes-no型疑問從句
從屬連詞if,whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的,因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句,其功能和wh-從句的功能相同,例如:
主語:Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.這一計(jì)劃是否可行還有等證實(shí)。
賓語:Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday. 請(qǐng)讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。
表語:Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney. 問題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢給他。
同位語:Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy. 他們調(diào)查他是否值得信賴。
形容詞賓語:Shesdoubtfulwhetherweshallbeabletocome. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。
介詞賓語:Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness. 我擔(dān)心他是否能度過疾病的危險(xiǎn)期。
2)選擇性疑問從句
選擇性疑問從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whether…or或whether…ornot構(gòu)成,例如:
Pleasetellmewhether/iftheyareSwedishorDanish.請(qǐng)告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。
Idontcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計(jì)劃。
if和whether的區(qū)別:
1、在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether。如:
例8Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能決定是否留下。
2、在whether……ornot的固定搭配中。如:
例9Iwanttoknowwhetherit’sgoodnewsornot.我想知道是否是好消息。
3、在介詞后,只能用whether。如:
例10Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhelosehiswork.他的父親擔(dān)心是否會(huì)失去工作。
4、賓語從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),只能用whether。如:
Whetherthisistrueornot,Ireallydon’tknow.這是否真的,我真的不知道。
(例11Whethertheycanfinishtheworkontimeisstillaproblem.他們是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作還是個(gè)問題。--此例為主語從句,有誤,感謝指出)
5、用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí),只用whether。如:
例12Couldyoutellmeifyouknowtheanswer?
這句話有兩種意思:“你能告訴我是否知道答案嗎?”或“如果你知道答案,請(qǐng)告訴我,好嗎?”。如用whether可避免歧義.
九、否定轉(zhuǎn)移
1)將think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式。
IdontthinkIknowyou. 我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。
Idontbelievehewillcome. 我相信他不回來。
注意:若謂語動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。
Ihopeyouwerentill.我想你沒有生病吧。
2)將seem,appear等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。
Itdoesntseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看來他們不知道往哪去。
Itdoesntappearthatwellhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看來我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣。
3)有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞,介詞短語或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語動(dòng)詞的否定。
Idontrememberhavingeverseensuchaman.
我記得從未見過這樣一個(gè)人。(not否定動(dòng)名詞短語having…)
Itsnotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.
在這里,人們不會(huì)想到在街上會(huì)碰上陌生的人。(anyone作主語,從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞不能用否定形式。)
4)有時(shí)狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動(dòng)詞前。
Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone. (否定狀語) 螞蟻不只是為自己采食。
HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.(否定because狀語)他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何,就輕信此事。
Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatmansyoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty. (否定狀語manyweeks) 她結(jié)婚還不到幾個(gè)月,這個(gè)人的弟弟就看見她了,并對(duì)她的美貌著了迷。
十、高考熱點(diǎn)透視
1.___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
答案D。當(dāng)名詞從句在句中作主語時(shí),為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用it作形式主語置于句首,而將真正的主語從句放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用,本身無實(shí)義。此句也可以改寫為:ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.
2.Acomputercanonlydo____youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)
A.howB.a(chǎn)fterC.whatD.when
答案C。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子的空白處應(yīng)該填引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞,做主句謂語動(dòng)詞do的賓語,同時(shí)該連接詞還是從句中的do的賓語,因此,此處的連接詞應(yīng)該用what。
3.Heasked____foraviolin.(MET1992)
A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
答案:D。賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句,句子語序要用陳述語序。
4.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.(上海2001年春季招生)
A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why
答案C。這是一個(gè)表語從句。根據(jù)doubt一詞可知,所懷疑的應(yīng)是是否能治好病,所以要填whether。這句話的意思是“醫(yī)生真的懷疑我媽媽是否能很快從重病中恢復(fù)過來?!?br>
5.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants.(NMET1997)
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
答案B。根據(jù)句意“一般認(rèn)為孩子要什么就給什么是不好的?!笨梢钥闯龊竺娴膹木鋺?yīng)是一個(gè)賓語從句,而從句中wants缺少賓語,A.however和D.whenever是不能作賓語的;排除A和D,whichever表示“無論哪一個(gè),無論哪些”,應(yīng)表示一定范圍內(nèi)的人或物,此處沒有涉及事物的范圍,所以應(yīng)選B.whatever,表示“無論什么”。
6.______leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.(MET1988)
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
答案C。本題句子的意思是:無論誰最后離開房間一定要把燈關(guān)掉。本題考查連接代詞whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,連接代詞whoever可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,并在從句中作主語,相當(dāng)于anypersonwho或Thepersonwho,意為“一切……的人”。而anyone和theperson均非連詞,不能引導(dǎo)從句,況wholeavestheroomlast意為“某個(gè)最后離開房間的人”,與題意不符,如果要選A.Anyone或B.Theperson,都必須在它們后面再加上引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who。如果要選D.Who就體現(xiàn)不出“無論誰”的含義了。
7.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.(Shanghai1995)
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
答案為C。本題句子的意思是:Sarah希望跟自己有共同愛好的人交朋友。疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與nomatter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別是:前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;后者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。首先排除A和D,從句中需要的是主語,所以whomever也不行。
8.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
----Isthat______youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)
A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where
答案A。根據(jù)語境,甲說上周驅(qū)車去珠海觀看航模展覽。乙據(jù)此來詢問甲這是否是請(qǐng)幾天假的原因,故答案是A。答案B,C,D均與該題語境不符。根據(jù)上句提供的語境,下句應(yīng)該問“那就是你為什么離開幾天的原因嗎?”
9.Istillremember______thisusedtobeaquietvillage.(NMET1993)
A.whenB.howC.whereD.what
答案A。根據(jù)從句中缺少的句子成分是狀語,排除D.what,而答案C,D均與題意不符,所以應(yīng)選A.when。usedtobe表示一種過去存在的狀態(tài),本句的意思是“我仍然記得這里在什么時(shí)候是個(gè)寧靜的地方?!?br>
10.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter____itwas?(2001春季招生)
A.whereB.whatC.howD.which
答案D。這是一個(gè)主語從句。主語從句中缺少表語。從上句的意思分析,應(yīng)是哪本書,所以要填which,這句話的意思是“我在某本書中讀到過有關(guān)這方面的內(nèi)容,是哪一本書重要嗎?”。
11.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.
A.whileB.thatCwhenD.as(2001年上海)
答案B。該題考查that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo),接在fact,news,promise,possibility,information,doubt,message名詞后,用來解釋或說明名詞的內(nèi)容。
12.—Ithinkitisgoingtobeabigproblem.—Yes,itcouldbe.
—Iwonder______wecandoaboutit.(北京2002春季)
A、ifB、howC、whatD、that
答案C。本題考察名詞性從句的連接詞的用法。wonder后面應(yīng)跟賓語從句,而從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞do是及物動(dòng)詞,可見從句缺少一個(gè)代替賓語的成分,我們可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that,再排除引導(dǎo)方式狀語的how,答案是C,句子的意思是“我們能就此做些什么”。
十一、專項(xiàng)考點(diǎn)練習(xí)
1.________thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest.
A.ItissaidB.TheyaresaidC.ItsaidD.Itsays
答案A:句型Itissaidthat+主語從句。類似的還有Itisbelievedthat……etc
2._____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.
A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
答案A:觀察此從句中缺少主語,而能在主語從句中即充當(dāng)主語成分又引導(dǎo)的就只有what了
3.ItworriedMaryalot_____shewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination.
A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how
4.Shanghaihastakenonanewlook.Itisn’tlike_____itusedtobe.
A.whatB.howC.thatD.which
5.____isnopossibility______Bobwillwinthefirstprizeinthematch.
A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,whether
6.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster____hehaddonethedaybefore.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.where
7.Theoldmansmiledwhenhesawhowpretty_____uptobeduringthepastfewyears.
A.hadhisdaughtergrownB.wouldhisdaughtergrow
C.hisdaughterwouldgrowD.hisdaughterhadgrown
8.HaveyouseenMarylately?Mybosswantstoknow_______.
A.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalong
C.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong
9.____surprisedmemostwas_____suchalittlegirlofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.
A.That;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.What;what
10.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo______Icantosavethem.
A.whateverB.whichC.thatD.whichever
11._____helpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Theperson
12.Eat_____youlikeandleavetheothersfor_____comesinlate.
A.any;whoB.every;whoeverC.whichever;whoeverD.either;whoever
13.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas_____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;whyB.That;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that
14.Itwas____hesaid___disappointedme.
A.What;thatB.That;thatC.What;whatD.That;what
15.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers_______tothefront.
A.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.mustgo
16.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin______,but_______.
A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegive
C.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;thatwegive
17.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion_______.
A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istobeputoff
18.Goandgetyourcoat.Its____youleftit.
A.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere
19.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
20.Youcan’timagine______whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
Keys:1---5AAAAA6---10CDABA11----15CCAAC16---20BAACB
名詞性從句練習(xí)(一)
1.Hissuccesswasbecauseof________hehadbeenworkinghard.
A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact
2."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity""Idontknow_______."
A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecome
C.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrom
3.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever
4.ThereasonwhyIdidntgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.
A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgot
5.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
6.Henrykilledthedog.Illaskhimwhy________.
A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdoneso
7.HaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow________.
A.howheisgettingalongB.howishegettingalong
C.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettingalong
8.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
9.Heaskedme________withme.
A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitis
10.Iamsure________hesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhat
11.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.
A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee
12.Iwonderhowmuch________.
A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcosts
13.Maryis________someonemightrecognizeher.
A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidfor
14.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.
A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.Owingtoafewminuteslate
C.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate
15.Theycametotheconclusion________byacomputer.
A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedone
C.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedone
16.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.
A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that
17.Idontdoubt________hellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether
18."Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang""Well,Iforget_______Iwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit
19.Outputisnowsixtimes________itwasbeforeliberation.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhich
20.Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshesnowbuyingabighouse.
Carol:Yes.Becauseshesalwayssaved________.
A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearns
21._______surprisedmemostwas________suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...which
22.Wegavehim________helpwecould.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this
23.Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimand________youhavetoldhim.
A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthat
24.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________
A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceB.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheld
C.whenisthesportsmeettobeginD.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace
25.Doyouhappentoknow________
A.whatsizeshoeshewearsB.howbigshoeshewears
C.whatisthesizeofhisshoesD.whatnumbershoesarehis
26.Thisbookwillshowyou________canbeusedinothercontexts.
A.howyouhaveobservedB.howwhatyouhaveobserved
C.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved
27.Wheredoyouthink________
A.hashegoneB.hashebeenC.hesgoneD.washe
28.Doyouknow________
A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworldB.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworld
C.howmanythepopulationoftheworldisD.whatthepopulationoftheworldis
29.Wouldyougoandsee________outsideA.whattotakeplaceB.whatTomhashappenedC.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeen
30.Thesubjectof"WhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim."is_______.
A.whatB.interestingC.WhatisinterestingD.I
31.________IthinkheisCharles.
A.WhodoyouthinkheisB.Doyouthinkwhoheis
C.WhomdoyouthinkheisD.Doyouthinkwhoheis
32.Hedidntknowwhichroom________.
A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein
33.Thelittleboyate________hismothergavehim.
A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.nomatterwhat
34.Thecityisnolonger________.
A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe
35.Myparentsused________theyhadtogetanewcarforme.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.allwhat
36.______wegoswimmingeveryday_____usalotofgood.
A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...does
37.________wastheidea_______thewifethoughtof
A.What...thatB.That...whatC.How...whyD.Why...how
38._______didhetellhiswife________hewishedtodo
A.That...whatB.What...thatC.Where...whichD.Which...where
39.Oneofthemenheldtheview________thebooksaidwasright.
A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat
40.Ihavenoidea________ornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which
41."Doyouknow________""Hisfatherisadoctor."
A.whatishisfatherB.whoishisfatherC.whathisfatherisD.whohisfatheris
42.Isthis________wemeteachothertwoyearsago
A.placeB.placeinwhichC.whereD.placewhich
43.It________Bobdrivesbadly.
A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat
44.Weallknowthetruth________thereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.
A.whereB.whereverC.thatD.thatwherever
45.Theydiscussed_______theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothershelp.
A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whether
46.Sheasked________.
A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupB.whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeup
C.whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoingD.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing
47.-MayIborrowthering-Youcantake_______youlike.
A.nomatterwhatB.whichC.whicheverD.that
48.Hesaidthathewasfondof________.
A.whatbeautifulisB.whatisbeautifulC.beautifuliswhatD.whatitisbeautiful
49.Heinsistedthathe________ingoodhealthand_______toworkthere.
A.was,besentB.is,issentC.be,wassentD.be,send
50.Doyouknow________heexpectswillgiveusatalkA.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose
51.Itsuncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how
52.Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterday_________itwasaholiday.
A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butfor
53.________istodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.
A.WhicheverishardB.NomatterwhatishardC.WhatishardD.Allwhatishard
54.________theboydidnttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.
A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which
55.Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestion________forawalkinthepark.
A.wegoB.wewillgoC.shouldwegoD.thatwego
56.____wecantgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.
A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what
57.____youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
58.Youcantimagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
59.____wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
60________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.
A.What…thatB.That…whatC.Why…thatD.If…what
61._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.
A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who
62._______wellfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.
A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That
63._______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrowsmeeting.
A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What
64._______hewontgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This
65._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether
66._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody
67._______teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.
A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How
68.Threedayslater,wordcame________ourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.
A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where
69.Theproblemis________willgotothemeeting.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.who
70.Itlooks_______itweregoingtorain.A.evenifB.asifC.eventhoughD.like
71.Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how
72.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why
73.Wethought_______strangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.what
74.Thefact_______shehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how
75.WhatImconsideringnow_________themoneyweneed.A.isB.areC.wereD.was
76.Canyoutellme__________A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman
77.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
78.Itiswellknown_________apersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.
A.thatwhat,when,andhowB.thatC.whatD.how
79.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such
80.Jackwassoontold________hedidwasnotnecessary.
A.whyB.thatC.howD.whywhat
81.Weshouldthinkcarefullyabout________Mr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.X
82.Canyoupointout________tworadiosarethebestA.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether
83.Youwilleasilyknow________videorecorders(錄相機(jī))arethesame.
A.whatthoseB.thatofthoseC.thatallofD.whichofthose
84.________youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesntmatter.
A.IfB.WhetherC.WhatD.When
85.IaskedherinEnglish________shewas,andshetoldme________shewasanactress.
A.who…thatB.who…XC.what…XD.how…that
86.Shetookitforgranted________Idbebackhomeanhourago.
A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when
87.Wethinkitpossible________thelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvethehousingproblem.
A.forB.thatC.whenD.how
88.Nowthereisadanger________thegroundmayfallin(沉下)undertheheavytraffic.
A.whetherB.ifC.XD.that
89.AtthattimeIhadnoidea________Icouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.
A.ifB.howC.whichD.thathow
90.LastSundayhepromised________today,buthehasntappearedyet.A.thathewouldcomeB.thathewillcomeC.hewillcometoseemeD.whetherhewouldcome
91.LastSundayhemadeapromise________hewasfreehewouldtakemetoQingdao.
A.ifB.thatC.thatifD.whether
92.Doyouhaveanyidea________
A.whenMissSmithwillarriveB.whenwillMissSmitharrive
C.howwillMissSmitharriveD.whyhasntMissSmitharrived
93.Ihavealmostforgotten________.
A.howMr.TaylorslikeB.whatMr.Taylorsfaceislike
C.whatMr.TaylorsfaceisD.whichMr.Taylorsfaceislike
94.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin________,but________.
A.howyouget…thatyougiveB.whichyougotwhatyougive
C.whatyouget…whatyougiveD.whatdoyouget…whatdoyougive
95.Doyouknow________
A.whatisthisusedforB.whatthisisusedforC.whichthisisusedD.thatthisisusedfor
96.________surprisedmemostwas________.
A.That…thatshespokeJapanesesowellB.What…h(huán)owcouldshespeakJapanesesowell
C.What…thatshespokeJapanesesowellD.That…whyshecouldspeakJapanesesowell
97.________istodance.
A.ThatinterestsMaryreallyB.WhichreallyinterestsMary.
C.WhatreallyinterestsMaryD.WhatreallyinterestMary
98.Weweregreatlyamusedby________.
A.whatyouhavetoldusB.whichyouhadtoldusC.whatyoutoldusD.thatyoutoldus
99.Thesecomputersaredifferentfrom________.
A.thatweexpectedB.whatweexpectedC.whichwehaveexpectedD.whatweexpect
100.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.
A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpected
C.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected
答案:
1-5.CDCDB6-10.BABCD11-15.ADCCA16-20.DABCA21-25.BBDDA26-30.BCDCC31-35.ABCDC36-40.DABBC41-45.CCDDD46-50.ACBAA51-55.CCCAD56-60.ACBBA61-65DABCD66-70CACDB71-75CBBCA76-80CCCCD81-85BADBC86-90ABDBA91-95CABCB96-100CCCBD
名詞性從句練習(xí)(二)
1.____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If
2.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____
A.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeabout
C.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout
3.Energyis____makesthingwork..A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that
4.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as
5.Thisis___theshenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when
6.Theyhavenoideaatall____.
A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone
7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatientsfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat
8.Theordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.
A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave
9.___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.
A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether
10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.
A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if
11.Is_____hesaidreallytrueA.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether
12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesntmatter.
A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where
13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for
14.____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.
A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If
15.____hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If
16.____youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How
17.____alltheinventionshaveincommonis____theyhavesucceeded.
A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what
18.____appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That
19.Itiswidely______thatsmokingcancausecancer.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped
20.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
21.____healwaysservesthepeopleverywellisknown.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Who
22.____haspassedthetestwillgetaprize.
A.WhoeverB.NomaterwhoC.WhomeverD.Who
23.Is____truethatthefamousscientistwillgiveusalecturenextweekAthatBitChisDhe
24.Ithasnotbeendecided___theywillleaveforNewYork.A.whenBwhyCthatDwhat
25.Obviously___wedomorningexerciseseveryday__usgood.
A.thatdoB.if;doCwhat;doesD.that;dose
26Itissaid________wasall___hesaid.
Athat;that;thatBwhat;what;whatCthat;which;whatDthat;that;which
27___getshomefirstistocookthesupper.
A.WhoBWhomC.ThosewhoD.Whoever
28___movedusmostwas___helikedaftertheoldmanformorethantwentyyears.
A.That;thatB.What;thatCWhat;whatD.That;what
29.___youdiditisnotknowntoall.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Which
30.___youdoshouldbewelldone.AHowB.ThatC.WhateverDWhy
31.ThereasonIplantogois___shewillbedisappointedifIdont.
A.becauseB.thatC.thankstoD.what
32.Whattimedoyouthink__
A.willTomcomebackB.TomwillcomebackC.isTomcomingbackD.canTomgethere
33.Theteachersaidthatlight___fasterthansound.
A.HastraveledB.traveledC.hadtraveledD.travels
34..___isstillaquestion___willwin.A.It;thatB.It;whoC.That;whoD.This;that
35.Ifyouknow___itwasthatwriteATaleofTwoCities,raiseyourhand.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.that
36.Insomecountries,___arecalled"publicschools"arenotownedbythestate.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.what
37.Thinking___youknow___infactyoudontisaterriblemistake.
A.that;thatB.what;whatC.that;whatD.whatthat
38.Whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjust___worriesthepublic.
A.whyB.whichC.thatD.what
39.Whydontyoubring___tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit
A.thatB.whatC.thatD.it
40.___DavidsayssoundsrighttoHelen.Thatswhyshehasmadeuphermindtoleavewithhim___happens.
A.whatever;whateverB.Nomatterwhat;whatever
C.Nomatterwhat;NomatterwhatD.Whatever;however
41.Thatis___Iwasbornandgrewup.A.ThereB.inwhichC.whereD.theplace
42.___shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD.Because
43.___wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Whether
44.---Haveyoufoundyourbookyet---No,Imnotsure___Icouldhaveleftit.
A.whetherB.whereC.whenD.why
45.Thedoctorcouldntanswerthequestion___thepatientcouldsurvivethatnight.
A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what
46.Ifirmlybelieve___hesaidatthemeetingwasright.
A.thatB.whichC.thatwhatD.whatthat
47.---Whatwereyoutryingtoprovetothepolice---___Iwaslastnight.
A.ThatB.WhenC.WhereD.What
48.Ithink,thoughIcouldbemistaken,__helikedme.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what
49.Atthemeeting,wediscussed___weshouldemploymoreworkers.
A.ifB.whetherC.thatD./
50.After___seemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.A.whichB.itC.whatD.that
51.___hasagoodeducationcanapplyforthejob.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever
52.___ishardistodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.
A.HeB.ItC.ThatD.What
53.___worriesmeis___weregoingtopayforallthis.
A.It;thatB.That;howC.What;howD.As;that
54.___issaidthatpaperwasinventedinChina.A.AsB.WhichC.ItD.That
55.Manypeoplethoughtlittleofme,butIdidwhat___.
A.IthoughtIwasrightB.IthoughtitwasrightC.IthoughtwasrightD.Iwasthoughtrighty
56.Themanagerhasdecidedtoput___hethinkisenergetic,clever,andhasgoodsenseofduty
inthepositionoftheleadershipofthecompany.
A.thosewhoB.anyoneC.whomeverD.whoever
57.ScientistsbelievenativeAmericansarrivedbycrossingthelandbridgethatconnectedSiberia
and___moretan10,000yearsago.
A.thisisAlaskaB.AlaskaisnowAlaskaC.isnowAlaskaD.whatisnowAlaska
58.Pleasetellme___youwouldliketohaveyourcoffee---blackorwhite
A.whatB.whereC.whichD.how
59.Mymotherasked___withme.
A.whatwasthewrongB.whatthematterwasC.whatmatterwasD.whatwasthematter
60.Someofthescientistsheldthepoint___thebooksaidwasright.
A.whatwhatB.whatwhatC.thatthatD.thatwhat
答案:
1-5ABABC6-10AABAC11-15BBCAB16-20BCBAA21-25BABAD26-30ADBCC31-35BBDBC36-40DCDDA41-45CBBBC46-50CCCBC51-55BDCCC56-60DDDDD