高中英語定語從句教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2020-12-04高考英語備考名詞性從句。
俗話說,凡事預(yù)則立,不預(yù)則廢。教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案,這是教師需要精心準(zhǔn)備的。教案可以讓講的知識能夠輕松被學(xué)生吸收,使教師有一個(gè)簡單易懂的教學(xué)思路。那么怎么才能寫出優(yōu)秀的教案呢?為此,小編從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上為大家精心整理了《高考英語備考名詞性從句》,僅供參考,大家一起來看看吧。
2011高考英語備考(考點(diǎn)聚焦+名題導(dǎo)解)名詞性從句
一、考點(diǎn)聚焦
1、名詞性從句中連接詞的運(yùn)用
名詞性從句中的連接詞有連詞that/whether/asif,連接代詞what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,連接副詞where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
(1)that的用法。[ks5u.com]
①主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。如:
ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.
Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.
SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.
②賓語從句中的連接詞that有時(shí)可省有時(shí)又不可省,在以下幾種情況中that不能省略:(A)當(dāng)that從句和主句謂語動詞之間有插入詞語或者從句主語之間有插入語時(shí),that不可省略;(B)當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時(shí),that不能??;(C)當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時(shí),that不可省掉。如:
Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand
wine
Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
③that從句作主語和賓語時(shí),可以用it來替換成以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。
(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)Itseems/happensthat。如:
IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.
ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.
④that和what的區(qū)別。
that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在主從句中不以當(dāng)任何句子成分,也沒有任何含義;而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在主從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定語從句中的先行詞+關(guān)系代詞即常說的先行詞+that。如:
It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.
⑤同位語從句與定語從句中that的區(qū)別。
同位語從句中的連詞that只起連接作用,在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分;而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中做賓語或主語,賓語與先行詞有修飾關(guān)系。如果句子是同位語從句,就應(yīng)用連詞that而不能用which.同位語從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容,如以下名詞:news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定語從句只是對先行詞的限定和修飾。如:
TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位語從句)
ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定語從句)
(2)whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在賓語從句中可以互換,但是作介詞賓語時(shí)連接詞一般用whether。如:
Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.
②后面直接跟ornot時(shí)用whether。如:
Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.
③主語從句表語從句中只能用whether。如:
Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.
④whether可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,用以說明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容,if不能。如:
Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando
itornot.
⑤whether常與or連用表示一種選擇,if不能這樣用;whether也可與動詞不定式連用但if不能。如:
Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-
tant.
Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.
⑥間接引語位于句首時(shí)或者是間接引語提前時(shí)用whether不用if。如:
Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.
⑦whether可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語從句表示“不管”、“無論”,而if不能。如:
Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.
(3)疑問詞+ever和nomatter+疑問詞的區(qū)別。
①疑問詞+ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,在主從句中要充當(dāng)一定的部分。如:
Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑問詞+ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如:
Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如:
Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
(4)when和where引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。
when和where前面的名詞若是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞,則when和where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,否則則為同位語從句。如:
Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.
Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.
2、名詞性從句中主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致
(1)賓語從句中主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致,但如果從句中表示提示的是客觀現(xiàn)象,雖然主句是過去時(shí)態(tài),從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:
Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.
(2)主語從句作主語相當(dāng)于單數(shù)第三人稱作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù),如果由and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語從句作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:
Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.
Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.
3、名詞性從句的詞序
名詞性從句在句中要用陳述句語序。如:
Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.
We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.
Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
選擇填空
1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
解析:答案為C。本題考查的是名詞性從句作賓語的用法。此句的引導(dǎo)詞既作連詞又在賓語從句中充當(dāng)一成分,故what最合適。
2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..
—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
解析:答案為A。此題考查的是從句的用法。根據(jù)題意“我上周開車去珠海看航空展去了?!毕旅嬉痪浣又鴨枺骸澳蔷褪悄銥槭裁措x開的原因嗎?”故用why引導(dǎo)表語從句表示原因。
3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)
A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
解析:答案為A。本題考查的是形式賓語的用法。題意為“我討厭人們談話時(shí)嘴里塞滿東西”。該空白處沒有任何含義,而且已經(jīng)用了when連接該賓語從句,所以此處只填一個(gè)形式賓語it。
4.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknowI’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.
A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how
解析:答案為C。考查賓語從句連詞用法,由結(jié)構(gòu)sb.beuptosth.可知,應(yīng)選what作介詞to的賓語。
5.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.
A.thatB.asC.whyD.when
解析:答案為C。本題考查賓語從句知識,figureout為及物動詞,故此句為賓語從句,從句意得知連詞在從句中作原因狀語,故選why.
6.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiredoiswalkinspace.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how
解析:答案為B。此題句子為時(shí)間狀語從句,全主句的主語是由主語從句來充當(dāng)?shù)?,并且主語從句中不定式動詞do缺少賓語,故選what。
2011高考英語備考(考點(diǎn)聚焦+名題導(dǎo)解)名詞性從句[唯美句子 wwW.wEi890.CoM]
一、考點(diǎn)聚焦
1、名詞性從句中連接詞的運(yùn)用
名詞性從句中的連接詞有連詞that/whether/asif,連接代詞what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,連接副詞where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
(1)that的用法。[ks5u.com]
①主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。如:
ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.
Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.
SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.
②賓語從句中的連接詞that有時(shí)可省有時(shí)又不可省,在以下幾種情況中that不能省略:(A)當(dāng)that從句和主句謂語動詞之間有插入詞語或者從句主語之間有插入語時(shí),that不可省略;(B)當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時(shí),that不能??;(C)當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時(shí),that不可省掉。如:
Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand
wine
Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
③that從句作主語和賓語時(shí),可以用it來替換成以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。
(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)Itseems/happensthat。如:
IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.
ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.
④that和what的區(qū)別。
that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在主從句中不以當(dāng)任何句子成分,也沒有任何含義;而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在主從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定語從句中的先行詞+關(guān)系代詞即常說的先行詞+that。如:
It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.
⑤同位語從句與定語從句中that的區(qū)別。
同位語從句中的連詞that只起連接作用,在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分;而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中做賓語或主語,賓語與先行詞有修飾關(guān)系。如果句子是同位語從句,就應(yīng)用連詞that而不能用which.同位語從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容,如以下名詞:news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定語從句只是對先行詞的限定和修飾。如:
TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位語從句)
ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定語從句)
(2)whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在賓語從句中可以互換,但是作介詞賓語時(shí)連接詞一般用whether。如:
Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.
②后面直接跟ornot時(shí)用whether。如:
Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.
③主語從句表語從句中只能用whether。如:
Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.
④whether可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,用以說明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容,if不能。如:
Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando
itornot.
⑤whether常與or連用表示一種選擇,if不能這樣用;whether也可與動詞不定式連用但if不能。如:
Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-
tant.
Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.
⑥間接引語位于句首時(shí)或者是間接引語提前時(shí)用whether不用if。如:
Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.
⑦whether可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語從句表示“不管”、“無論”,而if不能。如:
Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.
(3)疑問詞+ever和nomatter+疑問詞的區(qū)別。
①疑問詞+ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,在主從句中要充當(dāng)一定的部分。如:
Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑問詞+ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如:
Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如:
Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
(4)when和where引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。
when和where前面的名詞若是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞,則when和where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,否則則為同位語從句。如:
Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.
Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.
2、名詞性從句中主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致
(1)賓語從句中主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致,但如果從句中表示提示的是客觀現(xiàn)象,雖然主句是過去時(shí)態(tài),從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:
Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.
(2)主語從句作主語相當(dāng)于單數(shù)第三人稱作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù),如果由and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語從句作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:
Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.
Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.
3、名詞性從句的詞序
名詞性從句在句中要用陳述句語序。如:
Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.
We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.
Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
選擇填空
1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
解析:答案為C。本題考查的是名詞性從句作賓語的用法。此句的引導(dǎo)詞既作連詞又在賓語從句中充當(dāng)一成分,故what最合適。
2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..
—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
解析:答案為A。此題考查的是從句的用法。根據(jù)題意“我上周開車去珠??春娇照谷チ恕!毕旅嬉痪浣又鴨枺骸澳蔷褪悄銥槭裁措x開的原因嗎?”故用why引導(dǎo)表語從句表示原因。
3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)
A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
解析:答案為A。本題考查的是形式賓語的用法。題意為“我討厭人們談話時(shí)嘴里塞滿東西”。該空白處沒有任何含義,而且已經(jīng)用了when連接該賓語從句,所以此處只填一個(gè)形式賓語it。
4.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknowI’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.
A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how
解析:答案為C??疾橘e語從句連詞用法,由結(jié)構(gòu)sb.beuptosth.可知,應(yīng)選what作介詞to的賓語。
5.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.
A.thatB.asC.whyD.when
解析:答案為C。本題考查賓語從句知識,figureout為及物動詞,故此句為賓語從句,從句意得知連詞在從句中作原因狀語,故選why.
6.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiredoiswalkinspace.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how
解析:答案為B。此題句子為時(shí)間狀語從句,全主句的主語是由主語從句來充當(dāng)?shù)模⑶抑髡Z從句中不定式動詞do缺少賓語,故選what。
擴(kuò)展閱讀
高考英語名詞性從句語法復(fù)習(xí)
一名優(yōu)秀的教師在每次教學(xué)前有自己的事先計(jì)劃,作為高中教師就要早早地準(zhǔn)備好適合的教案課件。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠在教學(xué)期間跟著互動起來,減輕高中教師們在教學(xué)時(shí)的教學(xué)壓力。高中教案的內(nèi)容要寫些什么更好呢?下面是小編幫大家編輯的《高考英語名詞性從句語法復(fù)習(xí)》,歡迎大家閱讀,希望對大家有所幫助。
高中英語語法之名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(NounClauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:
連詞:that(無任何詞意)whether,if(均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性)asif,asthough(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分
連接代詞:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,whichever,whomever
連接副詞:when,where,how,why,howmany,howmuch,howoften
不可省略的連詞:
1.介詞后的連詞
2.引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.
比較:whether與if均為"是否"的意思。但在下列情況下,只可用whether:
1.whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首2.引導(dǎo)表語從句3.whether從句作介詞賓語4.從句后有"ornot"
Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.
大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以置于句末,用it充當(dāng)形式主語。
Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.
二.主語從句
1、作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如:
Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我們說什么,還不清楚。
Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。
Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。
WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英語晚會將在哪里舉行,還沒有宣布。
有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首,而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下:
(1)It+be+名詞+that從句(2)It+be+形容詞+that從句(3)It+be+動詞的過去分詞+that從句(4)It+不及物動詞+that從句
另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí),謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…
2、第一部分:常規(guī)主語從句,即句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)主語
主語從句的時(shí)態(tài):不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)影響和限制。
(1)Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.
(2)Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.
(3)Whowillbeourmonitorhasntbeendecidedyet.
(4)Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.
(5)Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.
(6)Whateveryoudidisright.
(7)Whothewatchbelongstowaslostisunknown.
(8)Whatweneedistime.
(9)Whatweneedaregooddoctors.
小結(jié):(1)引導(dǎo)主語從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等(2)連詞位于句首不能省略(3)主語從句大多數(shù)情況下視為三單,但也有例外,如例9
第二部分:為了防止句子頭重腳輕,通常把形式主語it放在主語位置,真正主語擱置于句末
(1)Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.
(2)Itistruethathehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.
(3)Itisverylikelythattheywillholdameeting.
(4)Itisstrangethatheshoulddothat.
(5)Itisimportantthatweallshouldattendthemeeting.
(6)Itisstrangethatthemanshouldhavestucktohissillyideas.
(7)Itisapitythatwewontbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummervacation.
(8)Itisstillamysterywhatcausedtheaccident.
(9)Itissaidthathehasgonetoshanghai.(=Heissaidtohavegonetoshanghai)
(10)ItisknowntoallthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.
(11)Itissuggestedthattheworkshouldbedonewithgreatcare.
(12)Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.(=Heseemstohaveseenthefilm)
(13)Ithappenedthatthetwocheatswerethere.(=Thetwocheatshappenedtobethere)
小結(jié):(1)以that引出的主語從句,常以形式主語it引導(dǎo).Itis+形容詞/名詞/某些動詞ed+that從句.(2)在有些that從句中要用虛擬語氣(should+do/should+havedone)例句4,5,6,11.
3、主語從句的用法
主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1.It作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較
It作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分,都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.
2.用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)
(1)Itis+名詞+從句
Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是…Itisanhonorthat…非常榮幸
Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常識
(2)itis+形容詞+從句
Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…
(3)it+不及物動詞+從句
Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…
(4)itis+過去分詞+從句
Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已證實(shí)…
3.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況
(1)if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。
(2)Itissaid,(reported)…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.
(3)Ithappens…,Itoccurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.
(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.
(5)含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí),主語從句不可提前。例如:
Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?
4.What與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別
What引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語.賓語.表語,而that則不然。例如:Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.
三、賓語從句
名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。
1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如:
HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。
Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好,別人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后,賓語從句常用“(should)+動詞原形”。例如:
Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。
Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。
2.用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句,應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如:Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告訴了你什么。
Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。
Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要幫助的人,她都會給予熱情的支持。
3.用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時(shí);b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí);c.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時(shí);d.從句后有“ornot”時(shí);e.后接動詞不定式時(shí)。例如:
Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有沒有生命是個(gè)有趣的問題。Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?現(xiàn)在的問題是她是否應(yīng)該有一個(gè)低意見的測試?Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.我想知道他來還是不來。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?你能否告訴我是去還是留?
4.注意賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),當(dāng)主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況,而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如:
hestudiesEnglisheveryday.(從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
hestudiedEnglishlastterm.(從句用一般過去時(shí))
Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.(從句用一般將來時(shí))
hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
當(dāng)主句動詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)(could,would除外),從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài),如一般過去時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),過去將來時(shí)等;當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理,科學(xué)原理,自然現(xiàn)象,則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如:TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.
5.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中,要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健<磳木渲械姆穸ㄐ问揭频街骶渲?。例如?br>
Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我們認(rèn)為你不在這。
Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不會這樣做。
6.時(shí)態(tài):1.主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)。2.主句用過去時(shí),從句用過去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。
3.主句用過去時(shí),從句是客觀真理時(shí),只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
7.賓語從句的連接詞
從屬連詞:連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句.
Hetoldmethathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear他告訴我他明年上大學(xué).
Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否還會有公交車.
Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.沒人知道他是否會通過考試.
連接代詞:連接代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問,但what,whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.
DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報(bào)的游戲?
ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.
這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.
Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?
你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?
連接副詞:連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面.
Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎?
Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.
沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.
8.動詞的賓語從句
大多數(shù)動詞都可以帶賓語從句
Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.
我們都預(yù)料他們會贏,因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯.
Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthoughthewholework.
他告訴我們在整個(gè)工作中,他都會幫忙的.
部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句
Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了.
Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?
你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎?
動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句
常見的這些詞有:makesure確保makeupone’smind下決心keepinmind牢記
Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.
在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤.
可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句
①動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的.
IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together. 我沒去聚會,感覺非常遺憾.
IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries. 我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.
Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.
我們都認(rèn)為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要.
②有些動詞帶賓語從句時(shí)需要在賓語與從句前加it
這類動詞主要有:hate,take,owe,have,seeto.
Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話.
Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他會認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行.
Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我們認(rèn)為你會同意我們的.
Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.
開啟發(fā)動機(jī)時(shí),一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.
③若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替
Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的.
Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的.
9.介詞的賓語從句
用wh-類的介詞賓語從句
Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.
我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.
ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.
這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句
有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.
對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.
10.形容詞的賓語從句
常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
IamsureIwillpasstheexam.我確信我會通過考試.
IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.很抱歉我這么長時(shí)間在打擾你.
HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.
他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他.
11.if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別
①if和whether在作“是否”解時(shí),引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后,介詞后一般不用if②少數(shù)動詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.③whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.(如:Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能決定是否留下。)⑤避免歧異時(shí),我們常用whether而不用if.
12.哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that
1.當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時(shí);2.當(dāng)賓語從句較長時(shí);3.當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾,賓語從句之前時(shí);4.當(dāng)主語謂語動詞(包括非謂語動詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí);5.當(dāng)一個(gè)動詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí),此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略,第二個(gè)that不可以省略;6.當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時(shí);7.當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí);當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時(shí);8.當(dāng)主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時(shí);9.當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時(shí);10.在直接引語中,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時(shí).
13.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.
Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能說成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.
我認(rèn)為他不會來我的舞會.
Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?
我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?
如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.
Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課,是不是?
14.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序
當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響.
當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)
①從句用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時(shí)發(fā)生
Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhewasin.
我只知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在西方的一個(gè)國家讀書,可不知道是哪個(gè)國家.
HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.
他問我他進(jìn)來的時(shí)候我是否正在讀老人與海.
②從句過去完成時(shí)表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前
HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.
他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會議的事情告訴的了Mary.
③從句謂語用過去將來時(shí)表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后
Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.
記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.
如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理,那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化
Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.
老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn).
當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時(shí),不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首
Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?
你認(rèn)為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手.
四、表語從句
1、在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語從句位于連系動詞后,有時(shí)用asif引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+系動詞+that從句。例如:
Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。
That’sjustwhatIwant.這正是我想要的。
Thisiswhereourproblemlies.這就是我們的問題所在。
Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他為什么不到會的原因。
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí),表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如:
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.
whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句,但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。
2、簡介
定義:A表語從句就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語。說明主語是什么或者怎么[1]樣,由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當(dāng),和連系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。
Theproblemispuzzling.這問題令人困惑
主語連系動詞形容詞作表語
Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.問題是什么時(shí)候我們可以得到加薪.
主語連系動詞一個(gè)句子作表語---表語從句
B連接表語從句的連接詞有:that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how.
Hehasbecomeateacher.他已經(jīng)成為一名教師。
Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.他已經(jīng)成為了他10年前想成為的。
Shehasremainedthereforanhour.她曾在那里停留了一個(gè)小時(shí)。
ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一個(gè)小時(shí)。
Hissuggestionisgood.他的建議是好的。
Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.他的建議是,我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜。
Thequestionisconfusing.這個(gè)問題令人困惑.
Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.問題是,他什么時(shí)候可以到達(dá)酒店。
whowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.誰與我明天將前往北京。
whyhecriedyesterday.昨天他為什么哭。
howIcanpersuadehertojoinusintheparty.我怎么能說服她加入我們的派對。
whethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.是否敵人正向我們行進(jìn).
注意:
A表語從句一定要用陳述語序。
False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.
Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.
B不可以用if,而用whether連接表語從句(asif例外)。
引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以互換if/whether位于介詞后要用whether
位于句首時(shí)要用whether
引導(dǎo)表語從句,主語從句,同位語從句時(shí)要用whether
False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.
C不像賓語從句,在有表語從句的復(fù)合句中,主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。
Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.
Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.
Dthat在表語從句中不可以省掉。
3、基本用法
表語從句只能置于主句之后,而主句的動詞只能是聯(lián)系動詞。
名詞性從句在be等系動詞后作表語時(shí)被稱為表語從句,例如:Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.問題是我們怎樣能弄到我們需要的東西。(how在表語從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語)//ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.這把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what在表語從句中充當(dāng)賓語)//WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告訴他的是我會給他找個(gè)好劇本。(what在主語從句中作直接賓語,that作為表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,不能省略)//ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要對你講的。(what在表語從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語)//Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why在表語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語)
注意:“Thatiswhy...”是常用句型,意為“這就是……的原因/因此……”,其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語,該句型通常用于針對前面已經(jīng)說明過的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié),又如:Thatiswhyyouseethisoldwomanbeforeyouknow,Jeanne.珍妮,這就是現(xiàn)在這個(gè)老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne對老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異,說話人對她講述了其中的原因之后,用這一句來進(jìn)行概括)。//ThatiswhyIcame.這就是我來的原因。
下面是兩個(gè)與“Thatiswhy...”形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu),它們與“Thatiswhy...”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚:
(1)“Thatiswhy...”與“Thatisthereasonwhy...”同義,只不過從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講,“Thatisthereasonwhy...”中why引導(dǎo)的是—個(gè)定語從句,將其中的thereason去掉則與“Thatiswhy...”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,例如:Thatis(thereason)whyIcannotagree.這就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“Thatisbecause...”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語,這也是個(gè)常用句型,意為“這就是為什么……/因?yàn)椤??!癟hatisbecause...”與“Thatiswhy...”之間的不同在于“Thatisbecause...”指原因或理由,“Thatiswhy...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果,例如:Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影,那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。(第一句話說明結(jié)果,第二句話說明原因)
Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前曾看過那部電影,因此他昨天晚上沒有去看。(第一句話說明原因,第二句話說明結(jié)果)
五、同位語從句
1、同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo),可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。
Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。
ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。
同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別:
that作為關(guān)系代詞,可以引導(dǎo)定語從句,充當(dāng)句子成分,在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略;that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),起連詞的作用,沒有實(shí)際意義,不充當(dāng)句子成分,一般不能省略。
試比較下面兩個(gè)例句:
Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,不能省略)
Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?(that引導(dǎo)定語從句,作賓語,可以省略)
2、簡介
同位語部分是個(gè)句子,就是同位語從句,這種用法比較"固定",把關(guān)鍵的幾個(gè)詞背下來.
一、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。如:
Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我聽到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息。
Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.我不知道你在這里。
二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。如:
I’vecomefromMrwangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我從王先生那里來,他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。
三、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞that,whether,連接副詞how,when,where等。(注:if,which不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。)如:
lhavenoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。
Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.
他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問題。
四、有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開。如:
Severalyearslater,wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.
幾年以后,有消息傳來說拿破侖要親自視察他們。
Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.
他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。
六、名詞性that-從句
1)由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語,例如:
主語:Thatsheisstillaliveisherluck. 他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。
賓語:JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。
表語:Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently. 事實(shí)是近來誰也沒有見過他。
同位語:Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.
近來誰也沒有見過他,這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安。
形容詞賓語:Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.你對工作滿意我感到很高興。
2)That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞,而將that-從句置于句末,例如:
Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure. 很清楚,整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。
Itsapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系:
a.It+be+形容詞+that-從句
Itisnecessarythat… 有必要……Itisimportantthat… 重要的是……
Itisobviousthat… 很明顯……
b.It+be+-ed分詞+that-從句
Itisbelievedthat… 人們相信……Itisknowntoallthat… 眾所周知……
Ithasbeendecidedthat… 已決定……
c.It+be+名詞+that-從句
Itiscommonknowledgethat… ……是常識Itisasurprisethat… 令人驚奇的是……
Itisafactthat… 事實(shí)是……
d.It+不及物動詞+that-從句
Itappearsthat… 似乎……Ithappensthat… 碰巧……
Itoccurredtomethat… 我突然想起……
七、名詞性wh-從句
1)由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who,whom,.whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等連接代詞和where,when,how,why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外,還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語和間接賓語等,例如:
主語:Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor. 書銷售如何取決于作者本人。
直接賓語:Inonesownhomeonecandowhatonelikes. 在自己家里可以隨心所欲。
間接賓語:Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize. 俱樂部將給得勝者設(shè)獎。
表語:MyquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation. 我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。
賓語補(bǔ)足語:Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位語: Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。
形容詞賓語:Imnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請。
介詞賓語: Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.
那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?br>
2)Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語,而將wh-從句置于句末,例如:
Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob. 還沒決定誰做這項(xiàng)工作。
Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried. 他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。
八、if,whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句
1)yes-no型疑問從句
從屬連詞if,whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的,因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句,其功能和wh-從句的功能相同,例如:
主語:Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.這一計(jì)劃是否可行還有等證實(shí)。
賓語:Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday. 請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。
表語:Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney. 問題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢給他。
同位語:Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy. 他們調(diào)查他是否值得信賴。
形容詞賓語:Shesdoubtfulwhetherweshallbeabletocome. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。
介詞賓語:Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness. 我擔(dān)心他是否能度過疾病的危險(xiǎn)期。
2)選擇性疑問從句
選擇性疑問從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whether…or或whether…ornot構(gòu)成,例如:
Pleasetellmewhether/iftheyareSwedishorDanish.請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。
Idontcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計(jì)劃。
if和whether的區(qū)別:
1、在動詞不定式之前只能用whether。如:
例8Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能決定是否留下。
2、在whether……ornot的固定搭配中。如:
例9Iwanttoknowwhetherit’sgoodnewsornot.我想知道是否是好消息。
3、在介詞后,只能用whether。如:
例10Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhelosehiswork.他的父親擔(dān)心是否會失去工作。
4、賓語從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),只能用whether。如:
Whetherthisistrueornot,Ireallydon’tknow.這是否真的,我真的不知道。
(例11Whethertheycanfinishtheworkontimeisstillaproblem.他們是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作還是個(gè)問題。--此例為主語從句,有誤,感謝指出)
5、用if會引起歧義時(shí),只用whether。如:
例12Couldyoutellmeifyouknowtheanswer?
這句話有兩種意思:“你能告訴我是否知道答案嗎?”或“如果你知道答案,請告訴我,好嗎?”。如用whether可避免歧義.
九、否定轉(zhuǎn)移
1)將think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。
IdontthinkIknowyou. 我想我并不認(rèn)識你。
Idontbelievehewillcome. 我相信他不回來。
注意:若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。
Ihopeyouwerentill.我想你沒有生病吧。
2)將seem,appear等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。
Itdoesntseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看來他們不知道往哪去。
Itdoesntappearthatwellhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。
3)有時(shí)將動名詞,介詞短語或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷χ^語動詞的否定。
Idontrememberhavingeverseensuchaman.
我記得從未見過這樣一個(gè)人。(not否定動名詞短語having…)
Itsnotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.
在這里,人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。(anyone作主語,從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。)
4)有時(shí)狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動詞前。
Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone. (否定狀語) 螞蟻不只是為自己采食。
HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.(否定because狀語)他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何,就輕信此事。
Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatmansyoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty. (否定狀語manyweeks) 她結(jié)婚還不到幾個(gè)月,這個(gè)人的弟弟就看見她了,并對她的美貌著了迷。
十、高考熱點(diǎn)透視
1.___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
答案D。當(dāng)名詞從句在句中作主語時(shí),為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用it作形式主語置于句首,而將真正的主語從句放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用,本身無實(shí)義。此句也可以改寫為:ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.
2.Acomputercanonlydo____youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)
A.howB.a(chǎn)fterC.whatD.when
答案C。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子的空白處應(yīng)該填引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞,做主句謂語動詞do的賓語,同時(shí)該連接詞還是從句中的do的賓語,因此,此處的連接詞應(yīng)該用what。
3.Heasked____foraviolin.(MET1992)
A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
答案:D。賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句,句子語序要用陳述語序。
4.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.(上海2001年春季招生)
A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why
答案C。這是一個(gè)表語從句。根據(jù)doubt一詞可知,所懷疑的應(yīng)是是否能治好病,所以要填whether。這句話的意思是“醫(yī)生真的懷疑我媽媽是否能很快從重病中恢復(fù)過來。”
5.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants.(NMET1997)
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
答案B。根據(jù)句意“一般認(rèn)為孩子要什么就給什么是不好的。”可以看出后面的從句應(yīng)是一個(gè)賓語從句,而從句中wants缺少賓語,A.however和D.whenever是不能作賓語的;排除A和D,whichever表示“無論哪一個(gè),無論哪些”,應(yīng)表示一定范圍內(nèi)的人或物,此處沒有涉及事物的范圍,所以應(yīng)選B.whatever,表示“無論什么”。
6.______leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.(MET1988)
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
答案C。本題句子的意思是:無論誰最后離開房間一定要把燈關(guān)掉。本題考查連接代詞whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,連接代詞whoever可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,并在從句中作主語,相當(dāng)于anypersonwho或Thepersonwho,意為“一切……的人”。而anyone和theperson均非連詞,不能引導(dǎo)從句,況wholeavestheroomlast意為“某個(gè)最后離開房間的人”,與題意不符,如果要選A.Anyone或B.Theperson,都必須在它們后面再加上引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who。如果要選D.Who就體現(xiàn)不出“無論誰”的含義了。
7.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.(Shanghai1995)
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
答案為C。本題句子的意思是:Sarah希望跟自己有共同愛好的人交朋友。疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與nomatter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別是:前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;后者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。首先排除A和D,從句中需要的是主語,所以whomever也不行。
8.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
----Isthat______youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)
A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where
答案A。根據(jù)語境,甲說上周驅(qū)車去珠海觀看航模展覽。乙據(jù)此來詢問甲這是否是請幾天假的原因,故答案是A。答案B,C,D均與該題語境不符。根據(jù)上句提供的語境,下句應(yīng)該問“那就是你為什么離開幾天的原因嗎?”
9.Istillremember______thisusedtobeaquietvillage.(NMET1993)
A.whenB.howC.whereD.what
答案A。根據(jù)從句中缺少的句子成分是狀語,排除D.what,而答案C,D均與題意不符,所以應(yīng)選A.when。usedtobe表示一種過去存在的狀態(tài),本句的意思是“我仍然記得這里在什么時(shí)候是個(gè)寧靜的地方?!?br>
10.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter____itwas?(2001春季招生)
A.whereB.whatC.howD.which
答案D。這是一個(gè)主語從句。主語從句中缺少表語。從上句的意思分析,應(yīng)是哪本書,所以要填which,這句話的意思是“我在某本書中讀到過有關(guān)這方面的內(nèi)容,是哪一本書重要嗎?”。
11.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.
A.whileB.thatCwhenD.as(2001年上海)
答案B。該題考查that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo),接在fact,news,promise,possibility,information,doubt,message名詞后,用來解釋或說明名詞的內(nèi)容。
12.—Ithinkitisgoingtobeabigproblem.—Yes,itcouldbe.
—Iwonder______wecandoaboutit.(北京2002春季)
A、ifB、howC、whatD、that
答案C。本題考察名詞性從句的連接詞的用法。wonder后面應(yīng)跟賓語從句,而從句中的謂語動詞do是及物動詞,可見從句缺少一個(gè)代替賓語的成分,我們可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that,再排除引導(dǎo)方式狀語的how,答案是C,句子的意思是“我們能就此做些什么”。
十一、專項(xiàng)考點(diǎn)練習(xí)
1.________thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest.
A.ItissaidB.TheyaresaidC.ItsaidD.Itsays
答案A:句型Itissaidthat+主語從句。類似的還有Itisbelievedthat……etc
2._____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.
A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
答案A:觀察此從句中缺少主語,而能在主語從句中即充當(dāng)主語成分又引導(dǎo)的就只有what了
3.ItworriedMaryalot_____shewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination.
A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how
4.Shanghaihastakenonanewlook.Itisn’tlike_____itusedtobe.
A.whatB.howC.thatD.which
5.____isnopossibility______Bobwillwinthefirstprizeinthematch.
A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,whether
6.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster____hehaddonethedaybefore.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.where
7.Theoldmansmiledwhenhesawhowpretty_____uptobeduringthepastfewyears.
A.hadhisdaughtergrownB.wouldhisdaughtergrow
C.hisdaughterwouldgrowD.hisdaughterhadgrown
8.HaveyouseenMarylately?Mybosswantstoknow_______.
A.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalong
C.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong
9.____surprisedmemostwas_____suchalittlegirlofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.
A.That;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.What;what
10.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo______Icantosavethem.
A.whateverB.whichC.thatD.whichever
11._____helpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Theperson
12.Eat_____youlikeandleavetheothersfor_____comesinlate.
A.any;whoB.every;whoeverC.whichever;whoeverD.either;whoever
13.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas_____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;whyB.That;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that
14.Itwas____hesaid___disappointedme.
A.What;thatB.That;thatC.What;whatD.That;what
15.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers_______tothefront.
A.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.mustgo
16.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin______,but_______.
A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegive
C.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;thatwegive
17.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion_______.
A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istobeputoff
18.Goandgetyourcoat.Its____youleftit.
A.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere
19.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
20.Youcan’timagine______whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
Keys:1---5AAAAA6---10CDABA11----15CCAAC16---20BAACB
名詞性從句練習(xí)(一)
1.Hissuccesswasbecauseof________hehadbeenworkinghard.
A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact
2."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity""Idontknow_______."
A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecome
C.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrom
3.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever
4.ThereasonwhyIdidntgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.
A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgot
5.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
6.Henrykilledthedog.Illaskhimwhy________.
A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdoneso
7.HaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow________.
A.howheisgettingalongB.howishegettingalong
C.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettingalong
8.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
9.Heaskedme________withme.
A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitis
10.Iamsure________hesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhat
11.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.
A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee
12.Iwonderhowmuch________.
A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcosts
13.Maryis________someonemightrecognizeher.
A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidfor
14.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.
A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.Owingtoafewminuteslate
C.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate
15.Theycametotheconclusion________byacomputer.
A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedone
C.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedone
16.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.
A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that
17.Idontdoubt________hellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether
18."Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang""Well,Iforget_______Iwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit
19.Outputisnowsixtimes________itwasbeforeliberation.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhich
20.Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshesnowbuyingabighouse.
Carol:Yes.Becauseshesalwayssaved________.
A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearns
21._______surprisedmemostwas________suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...which
22.Wegavehim________helpwecould.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this
23.Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimand________youhavetoldhim.
A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthat
24.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________
A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceB.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheld
C.whenisthesportsmeettobeginD.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace
25.Doyouhappentoknow________
A.whatsizeshoeshewearsB.howbigshoeshewears
C.whatisthesizeofhisshoesD.whatnumbershoesarehis
26.Thisbookwillshowyou________canbeusedinothercontexts.
A.howyouhaveobservedB.howwhatyouhaveobserved
C.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved
27.Wheredoyouthink________
A.hashegoneB.hashebeenC.hesgoneD.washe
28.Doyouknow________
A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworldB.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworld
C.howmanythepopulationoftheworldisD.whatthepopulationoftheworldis
29.Wouldyougoandsee________outsideA.whattotakeplaceB.whatTomhashappenedC.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeen
30.Thesubjectof"WhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim."is_______.
A.whatB.interestingC.WhatisinterestingD.I
31.________IthinkheisCharles.
A.WhodoyouthinkheisB.Doyouthinkwhoheis
C.WhomdoyouthinkheisD.Doyouthinkwhoheis
32.Hedidntknowwhichroom________.
A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein
33.Thelittleboyate________hismothergavehim.
A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.nomatterwhat
34.Thecityisnolonger________.
A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe
35.Myparentsused________theyhadtogetanewcarforme.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.allwhat
36.______wegoswimmingeveryday_____usalotofgood.
A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...does
37.________wastheidea_______thewifethoughtof
A.What...thatB.That...whatC.How...whyD.Why...how
38._______didhetellhiswife________hewishedtodo
A.That...whatB.What...thatC.Where...whichD.Which...where
39.Oneofthemenheldtheview________thebooksaidwasright.
A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat
40.Ihavenoidea________ornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which
41."Doyouknow________""Hisfatherisadoctor."
A.whatishisfatherB.whoishisfatherC.whathisfatherisD.whohisfatheris
42.Isthis________wemeteachothertwoyearsago
A.placeB.placeinwhichC.whereD.placewhich
43.It________Bobdrivesbadly.
A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat
44.Weallknowthetruth________thereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.
A.whereB.whereverC.thatD.thatwherever
45.Theydiscussed_______theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothershelp.
A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whether
46.Sheasked________.
A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupB.whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeup
C.whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoingD.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing
47.-MayIborrowthering-Youcantake_______youlike.
A.nomatterwhatB.whichC.whicheverD.that
48.Hesaidthathewasfondof________.
A.whatbeautifulisB.whatisbeautifulC.beautifuliswhatD.whatitisbeautiful
49.Heinsistedthathe________ingoodhealthand_______toworkthere.
A.was,besentB.is,issentC.be,wassentD.be,send
50.Doyouknow________heexpectswillgiveusatalkA.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose
51.Itsuncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how
52.Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterday_________itwasaholiday.
A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butfor
53.________istodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.
A.WhicheverishardB.NomatterwhatishardC.WhatishardD.Allwhatishard
54.________theboydidnttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.
A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which
55.Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestion________forawalkinthepark.
A.wegoB.wewillgoC.shouldwegoD.thatwego
56.____wecantgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.
A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what
57.____youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
58.Youcantimagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
59.____wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
60________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.
A.What…thatB.That…whatC.Why…thatD.If…what
61._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.
A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who
62._______wellfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.
A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That
63._______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrowsmeeting.
A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What
64._______hewontgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This
65._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether
66._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody
67._______teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.
A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How
68.Threedayslater,wordcame________ourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.
A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where
69.Theproblemis________willgotothemeeting.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.who
70.Itlooks_______itweregoingtorain.A.evenifB.asifC.eventhoughD.like
71.Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how
72.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why
73.Wethought_______strangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.what
74.Thefact_______shehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how
75.WhatImconsideringnow_________themoneyweneed.A.isB.areC.wereD.was
76.Canyoutellme__________A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman
77.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
78.Itiswellknown_________apersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.
A.thatwhat,when,andhowB.thatC.whatD.how
79.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such
80.Jackwassoontold________hedidwasnotnecessary.
A.whyB.thatC.howD.whywhat
81.Weshouldthinkcarefullyabout________Mr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.X
82.Canyoupointout________tworadiosarethebestA.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether
83.Youwilleasilyknow________videorecorders(錄相機(jī))arethesame.
A.whatthoseB.thatofthoseC.thatallofD.whichofthose
84.________youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesntmatter.
A.IfB.WhetherC.WhatD.When
85.IaskedherinEnglish________shewas,andshetoldme________shewasanactress.
A.who…thatB.who…XC.what…XD.how…that
86.Shetookitforgranted________Idbebackhomeanhourago.
A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when
87.Wethinkitpossible________thelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvethehousingproblem.
A.forB.thatC.whenD.how
88.Nowthereisadanger________thegroundmayfallin(沉下)undertheheavytraffic.
A.whetherB.ifC.XD.that
89.AtthattimeIhadnoidea________Icouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.
A.ifB.howC.whichD.thathow
90.LastSundayhepromised________today,buthehasntappearedyet.A.thathewouldcomeB.thathewillcomeC.hewillcometoseemeD.whetherhewouldcome
91.LastSundayhemadeapromise________hewasfreehewouldtakemetoQingdao.
A.ifB.thatC.thatifD.whether
92.Doyouhaveanyidea________
A.whenMissSmithwillarriveB.whenwillMissSmitharrive
C.howwillMissSmitharriveD.whyhasntMissSmitharrived
93.Ihavealmostforgotten________.
A.howMr.TaylorslikeB.whatMr.Taylorsfaceislike
C.whatMr.TaylorsfaceisD.whichMr.Taylorsfaceislike
94.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin________,but________.
A.howyouget…thatyougiveB.whichyougotwhatyougive
C.whatyouget…whatyougiveD.whatdoyouget…whatdoyougive
95.Doyouknow________
A.whatisthisusedforB.whatthisisusedforC.whichthisisusedD.thatthisisusedfor
96.________surprisedmemostwas________.
A.That…thatshespokeJapanesesowellB.What…h(huán)owcouldshespeakJapanesesowell
C.What…thatshespokeJapanesesowellD.That…whyshecouldspeakJapanesesowell
97.________istodance.
A.ThatinterestsMaryreallyB.WhichreallyinterestsMary.
C.WhatreallyinterestsMaryD.WhatreallyinterestMary
98.Weweregreatlyamusedby________.
A.whatyouhavetoldusB.whichyouhadtoldusC.whatyoutoldusD.thatyoutoldus
99.Thesecomputersaredifferentfrom________.
A.thatweexpectedB.whatweexpectedC.whichwehaveexpectedD.whatweexpect
100.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.
A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpected
C.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected
答案:
1-5.CDCDB6-10.BABCD11-15.ADCCA16-20.DABCA21-25.BBDDA26-30.BCDCC31-35.ABCDC36-40.DABBC41-45.CCDDD46-50.ACBAA51-55.CCCAD56-60.ACBBA61-65DABCD66-70CACDB71-75CBBCA76-80CCCCD81-85BADBC86-90ABDBA91-95CABCB96-100CCCBD
名詞性從句練習(xí)(二)
1.____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If
2.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____
A.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeabout
C.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout
3.Energyis____makesthingwork..A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that
4.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as
5.Thisis___theshenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when
6.Theyhavenoideaatall____.
A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone
7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatientsfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat
8.Theordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.
A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave
9.___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.
A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether
10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.
A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if
11.Is_____hesaidreallytrueA.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether
12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesntmatter.
A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where
13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for
14.____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.
A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If
15.____hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If
16.____youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How
17.____alltheinventionshaveincommonis____theyhavesucceeded.
A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what
18.____appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That
19.Itiswidely______thatsmokingcancausecancer.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped
20.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
21.____healwaysservesthepeopleverywellisknown.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Who
22.____haspassedthetestwillgetaprize.
A.WhoeverB.NomaterwhoC.WhomeverD.Who
23.Is____truethatthefamousscientistwillgiveusalecturenextweekAthatBitChisDhe
24.Ithasnotbeendecided___theywillleaveforNewYork.A.whenBwhyCthatDwhat
25.Obviously___wedomorningexerciseseveryday__usgood.
A.thatdoB.if;doCwhat;doesD.that;dose
26Itissaid________wasall___hesaid.
Athat;that;thatBwhat;what;whatCthat;which;whatDthat;that;which
27___getshomefirstistocookthesupper.
A.WhoBWhomC.ThosewhoD.Whoever
28___movedusmostwas___helikedaftertheoldmanformorethantwentyyears.
A.That;thatB.What;thatCWhat;whatD.That;what
29.___youdiditisnotknowntoall.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Which
30.___youdoshouldbewelldone.AHowB.ThatC.WhateverDWhy
31.ThereasonIplantogois___shewillbedisappointedifIdont.
A.becauseB.thatC.thankstoD.what
32.Whattimedoyouthink__
A.willTomcomebackB.TomwillcomebackC.isTomcomingbackD.canTomgethere
33.Theteachersaidthatlight___fasterthansound.
A.HastraveledB.traveledC.hadtraveledD.travels
34..___isstillaquestion___willwin.A.It;thatB.It;whoC.That;whoD.This;that
35.Ifyouknow___itwasthatwriteATaleofTwoCities,raiseyourhand.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.that
36.Insomecountries,___arecalled"publicschools"arenotownedbythestate.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.what
37.Thinking___youknow___infactyoudontisaterriblemistake.
A.that;thatB.what;whatC.that;whatD.whatthat
38.Whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjust___worriesthepublic.
A.whyB.whichC.thatD.what
39.Whydontyoubring___tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit
A.thatB.whatC.thatD.it
40.___DavidsayssoundsrighttoHelen.Thatswhyshehasmadeuphermindtoleavewithhim___happens.
A.whatever;whateverB.Nomatterwhat;whatever
C.Nomatterwhat;NomatterwhatD.Whatever;however
41.Thatis___Iwasbornandgrewup.A.ThereB.inwhichC.whereD.theplace
42.___shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD.Because
43.___wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Whether
44.---Haveyoufoundyourbookyet---No,Imnotsure___Icouldhaveleftit.
A.whetherB.whereC.whenD.why
45.Thedoctorcouldntanswerthequestion___thepatientcouldsurvivethatnight.
A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what
46.Ifirmlybelieve___hesaidatthemeetingwasright.
A.thatB.whichC.thatwhatD.whatthat
47.---Whatwereyoutryingtoprovetothepolice---___Iwaslastnight.
A.ThatB.WhenC.WhereD.What
48.Ithink,thoughIcouldbemistaken,__helikedme.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what
49.Atthemeeting,wediscussed___weshouldemploymoreworkers.
A.ifB.whetherC.thatD./
50.After___seemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.A.whichB.itC.whatD.that
51.___hasagoodeducationcanapplyforthejob.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever
52.___ishardistodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.
A.HeB.ItC.ThatD.What
53.___worriesmeis___weregoingtopayforallthis.
A.It;thatB.That;howC.What;howD.As;that
54.___issaidthatpaperwasinventedinChina.A.AsB.WhichC.ItD.That
55.Manypeoplethoughtlittleofme,butIdidwhat___.
A.IthoughtIwasrightB.IthoughtitwasrightC.IthoughtwasrightD.Iwasthoughtrighty
56.Themanagerhasdecidedtoput___hethinkisenergetic,clever,andhasgoodsenseofduty
inthepositionoftheleadershipofthecompany.
A.thosewhoB.anyoneC.whomeverD.whoever
57.ScientistsbelievenativeAmericansarrivedbycrossingthelandbridgethatconnectedSiberia
and___moretan10,000yearsago.
A.thisisAlaskaB.AlaskaisnowAlaskaC.isnowAlaskaD.whatisnowAlaska
58.Pleasetellme___youwouldliketohaveyourcoffee---blackorwhite
A.whatB.whereC.whichD.how
59.Mymotherasked___withme.
A.whatwasthewrongB.whatthematterwasC.whatmatterwasD.whatwasthematter
60.Someofthescientistsheldthepoint___thebooksaidwasright.
A.whatwhatB.whatwhatC.thatthatD.thatwhat
答案:
1-5ABABC6-10AABAC11-15BBCAB16-20BCBAA21-25BABAD26-30ADBCC31-35BBDBC36-40DCDDA41-45CBBBC46-50CCCBC51-55BDCCC56-60DDDDD
高考英語名詞性從句第二輪備考復(fù)習(xí)教案
一位優(yōu)秀的教師不打無準(zhǔn)備之仗,會提前做好準(zhǔn)備,作為高中教師就需要提前準(zhǔn)備好適合自己的教案。教案可以讓上課時(shí)的教學(xué)氛圍非?;钴S,幫助授課經(jīng)驗(yàn)少的高中教師教學(xué)。那么如何寫好我們的高中教案呢?為滿足您的需求,小編特地編輯了“高考英語名詞性從句第二輪備考復(fù)習(xí)教案”,僅供參考,希望能為您提供參考!
衛(wèi)輝一中高三二輪備考抓分點(diǎn)透析之英語
名詞性從句
名詞性從句涉及較為復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu),是高中英語的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)語法,也是歷年高考的高頻考點(diǎn)。通過對近年高考題的分析,高考應(yīng)著重注意:1、名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別;2、that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別;3、某些固定搭配及句型在名詞性從句中的用法。
名詞在句中一般作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。能象一個(gè)名詞一樣在句中充當(dāng)這些成分的從句就叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。常用的連接詞有:
連接詞作用
whether是否
that(本身無詞義)只起連接詞作用,引導(dǎo)從句,在從句中不作任何成分
who,whom,whose
which哪一個(gè)
what什么,所…的在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語
在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語
在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語
when什么時(shí)候,where什么地方
how怎樣、怎么,why為什么除了起連接詞作用外,還在從句中作狀語
疑問詞(who,whom,whose,what,which,where,why,when,how)可以引導(dǎo)主語、賓語和表語從句。它們的特點(diǎn)是:1、疑問詞有本身的詞義;2、疑問詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分,如主語、賓語或狀語;3、這種疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句一律用陳述語序,不能用疑問語序。
Doyouknowwhomtheyarelookingfor?你知道他們在找誰嗎?
(賓語從句,陳述語序。不能是whomaretheylookingfor?)
Idon’tknowwhodidit.我不知道這是誰干的。
(賓語從句。在從句中如果疑問詞作主語,其陳述語序和疑問語序一致。)
SheaskedmewhereIhadbeen.她問我到哪兒去了。
(賓語從句。陳述語序,不能是wherehadIbeen.直接引語,間接引語。注意這句話的時(shí)態(tài)。)
Canyoutellmewhenthetrainwillarrive?你能告訴我火車什么時(shí)候到嗎?
(賓語從句。陳述語序,不能是whenwillthetrainarrive.直接引語,間接引語。)
Idon’tknowwhyhehasn’tcomeyet.我不知道他為什么還沒來。
(賓語從句,陳述語序。不能是whyhasn’thecomeyet.)
Hedidn’ttellmewhatyouweredoing.他沒和我說你在干什么。
(賓語從句,陳述語序。不能是whatwereyoudoing.)
Whatyouhavedonemightdoharmtotherpeople.你所做過的事情有可能傷害別人。
(主語從句。what作從句的賓語。陳述語序,不能是whathaveyoudone.如果用疑問語序,意思發(fā)生了變化,成了“你做了什么?”。)
Idon’tknowwhereheisnow.我不知道他現(xiàn)在在哪里。
(賓語從句,陳述語序。不能是whereishenow.)
Wherehewentforhisweekendisnotknown.不知道他去哪里過的周末。
(主語從句,where作從句的地點(diǎn)狀語。陳述語序,不能是wheredidhegoforhisweekend.)
Whosefaultthisisisnotimportant.這是誰的過錯并不重要。
(主語從句,whose作從句的定語。陳述語序,不能是whosefaultisthis.)
WhatIwanttoknowiswherehehasgoneforhisweekend.我想知道的是他到哪里度周末去了。
(這句話包含兩個(gè)名詞性從句:whatIwanttoknow是主語從句,what在從句中作賓語,從句用陳述語序,不能是WhatdoIwanttoknow.Wherehehasgoneforhisweekend是表語從句,where在從句中作狀語,從句用陳述語序,不能是wherehashegoneforhisweekend.)
下面我們再分別講述主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和表語從句。
一、主語從句
1.that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),that沒有意義,但不能省略。
(that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以省略。)
Itworriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggray.她的頭發(fā)正在變白,這使她很不安。
that引導(dǎo)主語從句,it作形式主語,that不能省略。
Thatsheisarichwomanisknowntousall.眾所周知,她是個(gè)富有的女人。
這是that引導(dǎo)主語從句,that不能省略。這句話可以改為用it作形式主語的句型。請同學(xué)們改寫:Itisknowntousallthatsheisarichwoman.)
Wedidn’tknow(that)youhadsoldyourhouse.我們不知道你已經(jīng)把你的房子賣了。
這是that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,that可以省略。注意這句話的時(shí)態(tài)。
2.從句作主語時(shí),多數(shù)情況下由it作形式主語,而把主語從句放在后面,尤其是謂語部分(包括賓語)較短的情況下。
Itwasn’tveryclearwhatshemeant.不清楚她是什么意思。
Itisimportantthatheshouldcomeontime.他按時(shí)來是很重要的。
Itistruethatthatmanontheleftisawell-knownwriterhere.左邊那個(gè)人是本地的一位著名作家,這是真的。
這里,第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)主語從句,是單純的連詞,無詞義,不作句子成分。第二個(gè)that是指示代詞,作句子成分,是man的定語。
3.whether既可以引導(dǎo)主語從句也可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,但if不能引導(dǎo)主語從句。whether后面可以加ornot,而if不能與ornot連用。作介詞賓語時(shí)不用if.如:
WhetherIknewJohndoesn’tmatter.=Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherIknewJohn.我是否認(rèn)識約翰沒有關(guān)系。
Whetherornotshe’llcomeisn’tclear.=Whethershe’llcomeornotisn’tclear.=Itisn’tclearwhether….她是否來還不清楚。
Italldependsonwhetherwecangettheircooperation.這是主語從句還是賓語從句?it是形式主語嗎?it是代詞,whether引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,作介詞on的賓語,不能用if引導(dǎo)。請翻譯這句話。這完全取決于我們是否能得到他們的合作。
IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.
賓語從句,介詞賓語,不能用if引導(dǎo)。
Sheaskedmewhether/ifyouweremarried.賓語從句,既可以用whether,又可以用if引導(dǎo)。注意時(shí)態(tài)的對應(yīng)。
Wehaven’tdecidedwhether/ifweshallgivethemaid.
I’mnotsurewhether/ifthereportisbelievable.
Nowlet’sdosometranslation:
現(xiàn)在還很難預(yù)測誰會贏得下一屆總統(tǒng)選舉。
Itisstillhardtopredictwhowillwinthenextpresidentialelection.
對于多數(shù)公民來說,誰當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)無關(guān)緊要。
Whowillbecomethepresidentdoesn’tmattermuchtomostcitizens.
這位前總統(tǒng)是否會被判處死刑還有待觀察。
Itremainstobeseenwhethertheex-presidentwillbesentencedtodeath.
真可惜,王教授不能出席我們的英語晚會。
ItisapitythatProf.Wangcan’tattendourEnglishEvening.
我們需要的是更多的時(shí)間。
Whatweneedismoretime.
二、賓語從句
在謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式、分詞、動名詞之后都可以帶有賓語從句。某些形容詞如sure,happy,glad,certain,pleased等之后也可以帶有賓語從句。
1.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句:that沒有意義,在口語或非正式文體中常省略
Ireallyfeelshe’smakingamistake.我的確感到她正犯錯誤。
Jamessaid(that)hewasfeelingbetter.詹姆斯說他感到好些了。
Hearingthathissonwasbadlywounded,hehurriedtothehospitaltoseehim.聽說兒子受了重傷,他急忙趕到醫(yī)院去看望他。
Isuggestedthatweshouldgohome.我建議我們回家去。
虛擬語氣,that一般不能省略。
2.whether/if(是否)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句:如果要突出“究竟是…還是不…”,常在whether后面加ornot;if一般不與ornot連用。如:
Heaskedmeif/whetherIknewJohn.他問我是否認(rèn)識約翰。
Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.
你能來還是不能來,告訴我一聲。
3.在think,believe,suppose,expect等動詞的賓語從句中,否定不用在從句中,而是將think等詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健?br>
Idon’tthinkthefilmisinteresting.我覺得這部電影沒什么意思。
Idon’tsupposewearegoingoutingtomorrow.
我認(rèn)為我們明天不會出去郊游。
4.如果從句作賓語而后面還有補(bǔ)語,為了保持句子的平衡,用it作形式賓語,而將賓語從句放在句尾。常跟這樣的復(fù)合賓語的動詞有:make,find,see,hear,feel,think,consider,regard,take….forgranted等。
Georgemadeitclearthatheopposedthisproject.
喬治已明確表示他反對這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。it代表that引導(dǎo)的句子,作賓語,clear是賓語補(bǔ)足語。
Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.
對他已經(jīng)死亡的消息,他們秘而不宣。
Itookitforgrantedthatyou’dstaywithus.
我想當(dāng)然認(rèn)為你會和我們呆在一起。
三、同位語從句
同位語從句是對名詞的內(nèi)容給予具體、詳細(xì)的說明。常在后面接同位語從句的名詞有fact,news,idea,truth,hope,suggestion,question,problem,doubt,fear,belief等。同位語從句常用的引導(dǎo)詞為that,有是也用when,where等疑問詞。
ThenewsthattheUnitedStateswashitbyterroristattackstookthewholeworldbysurprise.美國受到恐怖主義分子襲擊的消息令全世界吃驚。
Theideathatyoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.你認(rèn)為不動腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯誤的。
Peopleusedtoholdthebeliefthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverse.人們曾認(rèn)為地球是宇宙的中心。
Thedifficultyliesinthefactthatweareshortofmoney.困難在于我們?nèi)狈Y金這個(gè)事實(shí)。
Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.他們一點(diǎn)兒也不知道他去哪兒了。
注意:同位語從句的that只是引導(dǎo)詞,沒有其他語法作用,在句子中不作句子成分,不能省略;而定語從句中的that除了引導(dǎo)定語從句外,還是定語從句的一個(gè)成分,在定語從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時(shí)不能省略,作賓語時(shí)可以省略。
Theideathatsomepeoplesaresuperiortoothersissheernonsense.
有些民族優(yōu)越于其他民族這種想法簡直荒謬。(請辨別是同位語從句還是定語從句。)(同位語從句)
Theideathatheproposedatthemeetingissheernonsense.
他在會議上提出的這個(gè)想法簡直荒謬。(請辨別是同位語從句還是定語從句。)(定語從句)
Nooneishappywiththefactthathefoundout.
沒有人對他發(fā)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)感到高興。(請辨別是同位語從句還是定語從句。)(定語從句)
Nooneishappywiththefactthathewillbecometheirboss.
沒有人對他將成為他們的老板這一事實(shí)感到高興。(請辨別是同位語從句還是定語從句。)(同位語從句)
四、表語從句
表語從句位于主句的連系動詞之后,在非正式文體中引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略。
That’snotwhatIwant.那不是我要的。
That’swhyIhavecome.那就是我為什么來了。
Myopinionisthatthingswillimprove.我的意見是事情會好起來的。
Oneadvantageofsolarenergyisthatitwillneverrunout.
太陽能的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是永遠(yuǎn)也不會枯竭。
Thetruthisthathedidn’treallytry.實(shí)際情況是他沒有真正努力。
Theproblemiswhoistopayandwhenwecanstart.
問題是誰來付帳、我們又何時(shí)開始。
Thefactisthathedidn’tnoticethecaruntiltoolate.
事實(shí)是他注意到車時(shí)已經(jīng)太晚了。
WhatsurprisedmewasthathespokeEnglishsowell.
使我感到吃驚的是他英語講得那么好。
AllIcansayisthatIhavenothingtodowithit.
我能說的就是我與此事沒有關(guān)系。
WhatIwanttoknowiswhereweshallgoandwhethershewilljoinus.我想知道的是我們要去什么地方以及她是否加入我們。
此外,表語從句還可由asif(好像)引導(dǎo)。
Itlookedasifitwas/weregoingtorain.(虛擬語氣)
Nowlet’sdosometranslation:
這就是她昨天請一天假的原因。
Thatiswhyshehadadayoffyesterday.
我的想法是,個(gè)人的權(quán)利應(yīng)該得到充分尊重。
Myideaisthatindividualrightsshouldbefullyrespected.
問題在于上帝是否真的存在。
ThequestioniswhethertheGodreallyexists.
我想知道的是,他是如何在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的。
WhatIwanttoknowishowhemanagedtocompletetheprojectinsuchashorttime.
一、名詞性從句連接詞的選用:
⒈if和whether:
whether和if在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),意思是“是否”,這時(shí)if并沒有“假設(shè),如果”的意思;引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句以及介詞后之賓語從句,不能用if,只能用whether;多數(shù)情況下引導(dǎo)動詞之賓語從句可用if或whether;whether引導(dǎo)的從句中可以有ornot,if引導(dǎo)的從句一般沒有ornot。
(2011山東卷)33.We’veofferedherthejob,butIdon’tknow____she’llacceptit.
A.whereB.whatC.whetherD.which
(2011重慶卷)22.Itisstillunderdiscussion_______theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.
A.WhetherB.whenC.whichD.where
⒉that和what:
that和what都可引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句(what通常不引導(dǎo)同位語從句,而that則可以)。what除起連接作用外,還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分,可作從句中的主語、賓語或表語。而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,只起連接作用。
(2011天津卷)13.Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence______smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
(2011江西卷)26.Thevillagershavealreadyknown_____wewilldoistorebuildthebridge.
A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which
⒊其他連接代詞和副詞的選用:
主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義,正確地選擇who,which,when,where,why,how等連接詞。這些連接詞即有疑問含義,又起連接作用,同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分,其區(qū)別從詞義上是顯而易見的。whoever,whatever,whichever等也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,其意分別為“所…的一切事或東西”、“任何…的人”、““…的任可人或物”等。如:
Whoeverwantsthebookmayhaveit.任何人要這書都可拿去。
I’lldowhateverIcantohelphim.我們將盡我們所能來挽救他。
Buywhicheverischeapest.買最便宜的。
注意以下受漢語意思影響而弄錯的句子:
任何人來都?xì)g迎。
誤:Whocomeswillbewelcome./Anyonecomeswillbewelcome
正:Whoevercomeswillbewelcome./Anyonewhocomeswillbewelcome.
另外,它們也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,其意為“無論…”、“不管…”,其意相當(dāng)于nomatterwho[what,which]。如:
Whateverhappens,youmustbecalm.不管發(fā)生什么情況,你都必須鎮(zhèn)靜。(whatever=nomatterwhat)
Hewonteatyou,whoeverheis.不管他是誰,他也不能把你吃掉。(whoever=nomatterwho)
注:whoever既用作主格也用作賓語;作賓語時(shí)不宜用whomever,因?yàn)樵诂F(xiàn)代英語中whomever這個(gè)已幾乎廢棄不用。
(2011山東卷)26.I’mafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis______heneverfinishinganything.
A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why
(2010浙江)—Howaboutcampingthisweekend,justforachange?
—OK,youwant.
A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever
(2010上海)37.Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow.
A.heisenteringwhichlaneB.whichlaneheisentering
C.isheenteringwhichlaneD.whichlaneisheentering
4.why與because的用法區(qū)別。兩者均可引導(dǎo)表語從句,但前者強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)的原因。如:
Ihadacold.That’swhyIdidntcome.我感冒了,因此我沒來。
Ididn’tcome.That’sbecauseIhadacold.我沒有來,那是因?yàn)槲腋忻傲恕?br>
5.引導(dǎo)詞that的省略
主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、用it作形式賓語的賓語從句及并列賓語從句中的后幾個(gè)從句,that都不能省略。只有單個(gè)賓語從句中的that可以省略。
(2010上海)36.Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeisshecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.why
(10北京)32.PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,was__itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.
A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether
二、名詞性從句的語序
名詞性從句的語序要用陳述句語序,而不要使用一般疑問句的語序
(2010湖北)74.Thenews________(房價(jià)將要下跌)hascausedmanypeopletoselltheirhousesatlowerprices.(fall)
答案:thatthehousingpricewillfall
三、同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別:
定語從句是先行詞的修飾語,它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。如果定語從句是用that引導(dǎo),that在從句中不但起連接作用,而且在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分;同位語從句對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋和說明,表明中心詞的具體、實(shí)際內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that在同位語從句中不作任何成分,只起連接作用,無具體詞義,且不可省略。
(2011遼寧卷)32.Whenthenewscamethewarbrokeout,hedecided,toserveinthearmy.(同位語從句)
A.sinceB.whichC.thatD.because
(2011山東卷)32.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_____arebuiltclosetoeachother.)(定語從句)
A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that
四、名詞性從句在固定搭配、固定句型中的用法
1、由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句,在大多數(shù)情況下會放到句子的后面,而用代詞it作形式主語。常見的以it作形式主語的主語從句句型有四種:
It+be+adj.(strange/natural/surprising/obvious/true/fortunate/wonderful/funny/possible/impossible/likely/unlikely/clear/unusual/certain/important)+that…
It+be+nowonder/apity/ashame/afact/anhonor/goodnews+that…
It+be+said/reported/believed/understood+that…
It+seems/happens/appears/doesn’tmatter/makesnodifference+that…
(2011湖南卷)31Beforetheproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvious______theproblemitselfis.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why
(2010浙江)Itisuncertainsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.
A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether
2、havetakeputlike+it+that-從句
Enjoyhatelovelikedislikeappreciateprefer+it+when(if)-從句
seetolooktoinsistonsticktodependonanswerfor+it+that-從句
takeitforgrantedbringittosb’sattentionoweittosb+that-從句
3、thereisnodoubtthat….毫無疑問….
Thereisnodenyingthat…不能否認(rèn)….
Thereisno/apossibilitythat……沒可能/有可能
Thereisachancethat…可能…
(2011北京卷)22.BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.
A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.Whom
答案考查名詞性從句。Offersthtosb,offers后無賓語所以選擇B。
(2011陜西卷)15.I’dliketostartmyownbusiness–that’sI’ddoifIhadthemoney.
A.whyB.whenC.whichD.what
答案考查名詞性從句。表語從句中do后缺少賓語所以選擇D。
(10江蘇)35.—IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.
—That’s____Idon’tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.
A.whereB.howC.whenD.what
答案考查名詞性從句、。這就是我不同意的地方.agree是不及物動詞,所以用where.用表語從句.
(09安徽)1.acertaindoubtamongthepeopleastothepracticalvalueoftheproject.
A.IthasB.Theyhave
C.ItremainsD.Thereremains
D
(09湖南)2.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoittakestosaveherlife.
A.whicheverB.however
C.whateverD.whoever
C名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:她對我們來說是非常寶貴,我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好做一切來拯救她的生命。
(09江西)3.Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists______theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.though
C間隔式同位語從句的用法。即先行詞是thefact和that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句中間隔了謂語部分。
(09海南)4.CouldIspeaktoisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?
A.whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whatever
Cwhoever既作了to的賓語,又作isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?的主語?!皐hoever”作代詞,/anypersonwho/thepersonwho/“任何人”、“無論誰”、“……的人”。
(09陜西)5.Thehowtobookcanbeofhelptowantstodothejob.
A.whoB.whomever
C.nomatterwhoD.whoever
D此處從做介詞to的賓語,是名詞性從句,引導(dǎo)詞做從句的主語,指人,意思是:無論是誰,選D
(09海南)6.Oneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwasofpublichealth
A.whatB.thisC.thatD.which
C句意為:他們必須考慮其中最重要的問題是公共衛(wèi)生??疾閠hat作代詞,that作代詞,往往用于特指,相當(dāng)于“that+名詞”,它也只能代替事情不能代替人。
(09上海)7.Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksofhecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how
B
(09四川)8.Newscamefromtheschooloffice________WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where
C在該題中that引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)同位語從句來解釋說明news的內(nèi)容,由于該題把同位語從句后置了,所以很多考生由于不能正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)而錯誤選擇了D項(xiàng)。
(09天津)9.Itisobvioustothestudents______theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.
A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that
D
(09浙江)10.-Isthereanypossibility______youcouldpickmeupattheairport?
-Noproblem.
A.WhenB.thatC.whetherD.what
B
(09重慶)11Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request___theschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.
A.thatB.when
C.whichD.where
A
(09江蘇)12.ManyyoungpeopleintheWestareexpectedtoleave__couldbelife’smostimportantdecision—marriage—almostentirelyuptoluck.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.what
D
(09山東)13.Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain_________shewasandwaittorhermother.
A.whereB.whatC.howD.who
Aremain是系動詞,后加表語從句,由句意可知,從句缺地點(diǎn)狀語,所以選A。
(10福建)35.Weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodon’thavewehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether
35.答案:C
考點(diǎn):賓語從句
解析:空格在句中充當(dāng)賓語
(10湖南)35.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknewshewassoangry.
A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why
35.答案D
考點(diǎn):考查名詞性從句。
解析:該空引導(dǎo)賓語從句,根據(jù)句意“辦公室中沒人知道她為什么如此生氣”可判斷選D項(xiàng)。
(10天津)14.Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknowittakestostartabusinesshere.
A.howB.whatC.WhenD.which
答案:B.
考點(diǎn):考查名詞性從句。
句意:作為一名新畢業(yè)生,他不知道需要什么才能在這里開始經(jīng)營。
解析:空格后的從句中takes是動詞,其后缺少賓語,所以引導(dǎo)該賓語從句的連接詞要用what。
主語從句
(北京)
33.somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.
A.WhetherB.WhatC.ThatD.How
33.答案:B
考點(diǎn):本題考查主語從句。
句意:一些人眼中的缺點(diǎn)是別人眼中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
解析:從句中缺賓語,只能用B.what來引導(dǎo).C.中的That引導(dǎo)主語從句不做成分。
(10浙江)—Howaboutcampingthisweekend,justforachange?
—OK,youwant.
A.whicheverB.however
C.whateverD.whoever
答案:C
考點(diǎn):本題考查引導(dǎo)詞。
解析:句意:“這個(gè)周末野營怎么樣,來點(diǎn)新鮮的?”“好啊,按你的意思吧!”根據(jù)語境分析出后者支持前面的提出的觀點(diǎn)。
9.Itisuncertainsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.
A.thatB.what
C.howD.whether
答案:B
考點(diǎn):本題考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。
解析:根據(jù)句意:盡管大約有兩千名病人服用過這種藥物,但是,它會帶來什么樣的副作用還不確定。sideeffect意思是“副作用”,還原主語從句中的主干是themedicinewillbringabout______sideeffect。故選擇what,形容詞“什么樣的”,起修飾作用。
(10上海)36.Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeisshecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.why
答案:A
考點(diǎn):此處考查的是表語從句。
解析:考察that引導(dǎo)表語從句的用法。此處that不可以省略。
(10湖北)74.Thenews________(房價(jià)將要下跌)hascausedmanypeopletoselltheirhousesatlowerprices.(fall)
74.答案:thatthehousingpricewillfall
考點(diǎn):同位語從句
解析:用“that”引導(dǎo)同位語從句,“房價(jià)”譯成“housingprice”。
(10山東)26.Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof______mykidswillneedforthecomingseason.
A.whyB.whatC.howD.which
答案:B
考點(diǎn):本題考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。
解析:句意應(yīng)為“在大甩賣開始前,我把孩子們在下個(gè)季節(jié)里要用到的東西列了一個(gè)清單。”分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處在句中引導(dǎo)賓語從句且在從句中充當(dāng)need的賓語,所以B項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)正確。which引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)多表示疑問且要有一個(gè)明確的范圍。
(10上海)37.Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow.
A.heisenteringwhichlane
B.whichlaneheisentering
C.isheenteringwhichlane
D.whichlaneisheentering
答案:B
考點(diǎn):本題考查賓語從句。
解析:which引導(dǎo)的句子做know的賓語,句子用陳述語序。
(10四川)14.Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyonhegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives
A.whatB.whoC.howD.why
答案:B
考點(diǎn):考查介詞后的賓語從句。
解析:根據(jù)句末的whetherhisfriendsorrelatives可知應(yīng)是和誰去,故選B。句意為“一個(gè)人旅游多么享受很大程度上取決于他和誰去,無論是他的朋友還是親戚?!?br>
(10全國Ⅰ)33.Wehaven’tdiscussedyet______wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where
33題答案:D
句意:我們還沒有討論把我們的新家具放在哪里。
解答:根據(jù)選項(xiàng)此題考察從句。題干中空格劃在動詞discuss的后面,因此考察賓語從句,根據(jù)句意在賓語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語,因此選擇D。
(10湖北)31.IwanttobelikedandlovedforIaminside.
A.whoB.whereC.whatD.how
31.答案:C
考點(diǎn):賓語從句
解析:我想別人喜歡我是因?yàn)槲业膬?nèi)在。也就是我inside的品質(zhì)。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同學(xué)誤選A,錯誤的用中文語言習(xí)慣去做英文題。
(10全國Ⅱ)10.—Haveyoufinishedthebook?
---No,I’vereadupto_________thechildrendiscoverthesecretcave.
A.whichB.whatC.hatD.where
D
考查賓語從句。Upto為介詞結(jié)構(gòu),后接賓語從句從句;而句意是“讀到孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)秘密洞穴的地方”,故用where引導(dǎo)這個(gè)賓語從句最合適。
(10江蘇)35.—IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.
—That’s_______Idon’tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.
A.whereB.howC.whenD.what
選A.這就是我不同意的地方.agree是不及物動詞,所以用where.用表語從句.
(10北京)32.PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,was__itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.
A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether
32.答案:B
考點(diǎn):本題考查表語從句。
解析:從句不缺成分,因此用that來引導(dǎo)。句意:狄更斯喜歡他自己的小說大衛(wèi)科波菲爾的部分原因是小說創(chuàng)作非常貼近他本人的真實(shí)生活。
(2011天津卷)13.Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence______smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
(2011江西卷)26.Thevillagershavealreadyknown_____wewilldoistorebuildthebridge.
A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which
(2011四川卷)10.Ourteachersalwaystellustobelievesinwedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.
A.whyB.howC.whatD.which
(2011北京卷)31.Theshockingnewsmademerealizeterribleproblemswewouldface.
A.whatB.howC.thatD.why
(2011北京卷)22.BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.
A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.Whom
(2011陜西卷)15.I’dliketostartmyownbusiness–that’sI’ddoifIhadthemoney.
A.whyB.whenC.whichD.what
(2011遼寧卷)32.Whenthenewscamethewarbrokeout,hedecided,toserveinthearmy.
A.sinceB.whichC.thatD.because
(2011江蘇卷)26.Itwasneverclear_______themanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner.
A.thatB.howC.whenD.why
(2011湖南卷)31Beforetheproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvious______theproblemitselfis.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why
(2011安徽卷)33.Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeout_____itisheistryingtoexpress.
A.thatB.howC.whoD.what
(2011山東卷)26.I’mafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis______heneverfinishinganything.
A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why
(2011山東卷)33.We’veofferedherthejob,butIdon’tknow______she’llacceptit.
A.whereB.whatC.whetherD.which
(2011重慶卷)34.Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictosee_______useanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.
A.whoseB.what
C.whichD.that
(2011重慶卷)22.Itisstillunderdiscussion__________theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.
A.WhetherB.when
C.whichD.where
鞏固練習(xí):
1.Weshouldthinkcarefullyabout______Mr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD./
2.______youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesn’tmatter.
A.IfB.WhetherC.WhatD.When
3.Shetookitforgranted______I’dbebackhomeanhourago.
A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when
4.AtthattimeIhadnoidea______Icouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.
A.ifB.howC.whichD.thathow
5.LastSundayhepromised______today,buthehasn’tappearedyet.
A.thathewouldcomeB.thathewillcome
C.hewillcometoseemeD.whetherhewouldcome
6.Whatapity______is______youdidn’tarrivebydaylight.
A.there;becauseB.it;thatC.he;whenD.that;for
7.Fathermadeapromise______Ipassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeanewdictionary.
A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.thatif
8.______isthemostusefulinvention?
A.DoyouthinkwhichoftheseB.Whichofthesedoyouthink
C.WhichoftheseyouthinkD.Youthinkwhichofthese
9.---Ibelieve______you’vedoneyourbestand______thingswillimprove.
---Thankyou.
A.that;/B./;/C.what;thatD./;that
10.Itdependson______wehaveenoughtime.
A.ifB.ifornotC.thatD.whether
11.Youwillrealize______breaksthelawwillbepunished.
A.thatthosewhoB.thatthosethat
C.whoeverD.thosewhoever
12.Idon’tdoubt______hewillcome.
A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether
13.Whenandwhyhecamehere______yet.
A.isnotknownB.arenotknown
C.hasnotknownD.havenotbeenknown
14.Thecityisnolonger______.
A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobe
C.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe
15.______wastheidea______thewifethoughtof?
A.What;thatB.That;what
C.How;whyD.Why;how
16.Oneofthemenheldtheview______thebooksaidwasright.
A.whatthatB.thatwhat
C.thatwhichD.whichthat
17.______youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
18.______hereallymeansis______hedisagreeswithus.
A.What;thatB.That;what
C.Why;thatD.If;what
19.---Don’tyoubelieveme?
---______.I’llbelieve______yousay.
A.No;whateverB.Yes;nomatterwhat
C.Yes;whateverD.No;nomatterwhat
20.LeiFengwasalwaysthinkingof______hecouldhelpothers.
A.thatB.howC.whenD.which
21.Canyoutellme______?
A.whoisthatwomanB.whothewomanisC.whomisthewomanD.thatwomanis
22.Outputisnowsixtimes______itwasbeforeliberation.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.those
23.Aftermonthsofresearchtherewaslittlehope______thelostcarmightbefound.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.how
名詞性從句:BBABABDBDDCAADABCACBBCA
1._________theyhavewonthegamemadeusexcited.
A./ B.ThatC.WhatD.Where
2.________Iacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.
A.IfB.Whether C.Evenif D.When
3._________hesaysinhisreportisaveryinterestingquestion.
A.Whatall B.AllwhatC.WhatD.Whatthat
4.Whentheywillstart________notbeendecided.
A.haveB.is C.doesD.has
5._______certainthathisinventionwillleadtothedevelopmentofproduction.
A.ThatisB.Thisis C.ItisD.Ithas
6.________isunknowntousall.
A.Wheredidsheputit B.Wheresheputit
C.Thatwheresheputit D.Inwhichsheputit
7.________nothingtodowithus.
A.WhatshedidhaveB.Whatshedidis
C.WhatdidhedohasD.Whatshehasdonehas
8.Thetroubleis________weareshortofhands.
A.whatB.that C.howD.which
9.Energyis_________makesthingswork.
A.whatB.everythingC.something D.that
10.Myhometownisnot________itusedto_______tenyearsago.
A.when,doB.what,do C.what,be D.when,be
11.Thereason_______Ihavetogois_______mymotherisillinbed.
A.why,whyB.why,because C.why,that D.that,because
12.Thethought________hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.
A.which B.that C.whenD.sothat
13.Thatis________Ilostmypen.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.what
14.Haveyouanyidea_______?
A.howfastdoeslighttravel B.howquicklighttravels
C.howsoonlighttravels D.howfastlighttravels
15.Hissuggestion_______toseetheartexhibitioninterestedeveryoneofus.
A.thatwegoB.whichweshouldgo
C.thatwewouldgoD.wewouldgo
16.Hewasinterestedin________hehadseenattheexhibition.
A.which B.that C.allwhatD.allthat
17.Heoftenthinksof________hecandomoreforhiscountry.
A.what B.how C.thatD.which
18.Hemade_________quiteclearthathewouldntchangehismind.
A.thisB.that C.itD.what
19.Idontknow_________.
A.whatwasthematteroutside B.whatthematteroutsidewas
C.whatwasoutsidethematter D.whatwashappenedoutside
20.Hehascome,butIdidntknowthathe________untilyesterday.
A.iscoming B.willcomeC.wascoming D.wasntcoming
21.Heranbackintotheroomtoseeifhe________anythingbehind.
A.hasforgottenB.hadforgotten C.hasleftD.hadleft
22.Theywanttoknow_________dotohelpus.
A.whatcantheyB.whattheycan
C.howtheycan D.howcanthey
23.Doyouknow________brighterthanthemoon?
A.whythesunlookB.whythesunlooks
C.whydoesthesunlookD.whyisthesunlook
24.Canyoutellme_______therailwaystation?
A.howIcangetto B.whereIcangetto
C.howcanIgettoD.wherecanIgetto
25.Thesephotographswillshowyou________.
A.whatdoesourvillagelooklike B.whatourvillagelookslike
C.howdoesourvillagelooklike D.howourvillagelookslike
26.Canyoumakesure________thegoldring?
A.whereAlicehadput B.wherehadAliceput
C.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput
27.Noonecanbesure_________inamillionyears
A.whatmanwilllooklike B.whatwillmanlooklike
C.manwilllooklikewhat D.whatlookwillmanlike
28.Heasked________fortheviolin.
A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch
C.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
29.Iremember_________thisusedtobequietvillage
A.when B.how C.where D.what
30.----Doyouremember_________hecame?
----Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.
A.how B.whenC.that D.if
31.________the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.
A.Whenever B.IfC.Whether D.That
32.Itworriedherabig_________herhairwasturninggrey.
A.whileB.that C.if D.for
33.________hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.
A.What B.That C.ThefactD.Thematter
34.Theyhavetonoideaatall_________.
A.wherehehasgone B.wheredidhego
C.whichplacehashegoneD.howbusywewere
35.Youhavenoidea___________thosedays.
A.thatwewerehowbusy B.howbusywerewe
C.thathowwewerebusy D.howbusywewere
36.Idontknow___________.
A.whatwasthematteroutside B.whatthematteroutsidewas
C.whatwasoutsidethematter D.whatwashappenedoutside
37.Youcanleavethenote______youmeetinmyoffice.
A.whoB.whoeverC.towhoD.withwhomever
38.______acomputerworksisaquestionthat______canunderstand.
A.What;noneB.How;noone
C.What;nobodyD.How;noteveryone
39.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s______youleftit.
A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere
40.Itworriedabit______herhairwasturninggrey.
A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
答案:1.B2.B3.C4.D5.C6.B7.D8.B9.A10.C11.C12.B13.B14.D15.A16.D17.B18.C19.C20.C21.D22.B23.B24.A25.B26.C27.A28.D29.A30.A31.C32.B33.A34.A35.D36.A37.D38.D39.B40.B
名詞性從句
知識掃描
復(fù)合句中具有名詞性質(zhì)并且可以做主語、表語、同位語或賓語的從句叫名詞性從句。因此,我們把主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和賓語從句這四種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。
高考熱點(diǎn)
1)怎樣判斷名詞性從句的類別;
2)連詞that和what的用法與選擇
3)if與whether的區(qū)別
4)同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
5)名詞性從句必須采用的陳述語序
6)it可充當(dāng)形式主語和形式賓語
7)疑問詞+-ever的連詞和不加-ever的連詞在語義上的用法和差別
核心解讀一
1、在名詞性從句中,從句都用陳述語序。
2、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)詞可以分為以下幾類:
1)從屬連詞that(用于表示肯定的含義),whether,if(表示疑問),這三個(gè)詞只起連接作用,不充當(dāng)從句中的任何成分,除賓語從句外(that可?。?這些詞均不可省略。
2)連接代詞有who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等。這些詞在從句中既起連接作用,又充當(dāng)從句中的成分,如主語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)語,且不可省略。
3)連接副詞有when,where,why,how,wherever,however等。它們既起連詞作用,本身又做從句中的狀語。
3、名詞性從句中的時(shí)態(tài)一致問題
1)在賓語從句中,當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、將來時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),起從句的謂語根據(jù)需要用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí),從句用過去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài),但若賓語從句表示客觀真理,格言,諺語等,從句的時(shí)態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
Haveyoutoldhimthatwhenwearetoleave?
TeachertoldusthatChinaliesinthewestofJapan.
Althoughshewaslistening,shedidn’thearwhathewassayingbecausetherewassomuchnoise.
2)在主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句中,應(yīng)注意主語從句中的謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致性及動作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系。
4、語氣
在名詞性從句中,謂語動詞根據(jù)需要可以用虛擬語氣。起從句的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形,should可以省略。
核心解讀二:主語從句
1.Whether與if
Whether可以引導(dǎo)主語從句置于句首,而if不放在句首。
特別提醒:
1)if可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,而Whether不可,若賓語從句為否定句,則用if。
Idon’tcareifhewon’tcome.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgo.
2)類似下面的句子也用that.
Thereisnodoubtthathewillcome.
Itwasneverdoubtfulthathewouldhelpus.
3)下面情況下多用whether。
(1)在表語從句或同位語從句中。
(2)賓語從句置于主句前(即前置以示強(qiáng)調(diào))
(3)賓語從句做介賓(含discuss的賓語)
(4)后面緊跟ornot或動詞不定式
(5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
(6)引導(dǎo)賓語從句可能產(chǎn)生歧義時(shí)
例1
Hedoesn’tknow_____tostayornot.
A.whetherB.ifC.eitherD.ifhewill
[Key]A
[點(diǎn)撥]后面有動詞不定式和ornot。
例2
Idon’tthinkthequestionof_____theyareoldoryoungisimportant.
A.whichB.whetherC.howD.why
[Key]B
[點(diǎn)撥]賓語從句做介賓
2.That與what
在名詞性從句中,thatb不充當(dāng)句子成分,僅起連接作用,也無意義,而what可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語等,起含義為“……的事(東西)”。
Hasitbeendecidedthattheartistwillattendthemeeting?
WhatthechildrenlooksforwardtomostwastheNewYear’scoming?
例3
_____fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturedifferencesfromoneaspect.
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which
[Key]Bthat
[點(diǎn)撥]不做成分,但引導(dǎo)的是主語從句,所以不能省略。
例4
_____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.
A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
[Key]A
[點(diǎn)撥]what在句子中做主語。
3.主語從句可用形式主語it代替,置于句首,而將真整的主語即主語從句放在后面。但what,whatever和whoever引導(dǎo)的主語從句不用it代替。
Itiscertainthatshewillbelate.
例5
Itisprettywellunderstand_____controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
[Key]C
[點(diǎn)撥]It為形式主語,what引導(dǎo)的句子做真正的主語。
例6
Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggrey.
A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for
[Key]C
[點(diǎn)撥]It為形式主語,而真正的主語是有that引導(dǎo)的從句。
特別提醒:
1)主語從句的that在口語或非正式文體中如果不在句首可以省略,但that從句位于句首時(shí)決不能省略。
It’sapity(that)youareleaving.
Itiscertain(that)shewilldowellintheEnglishexam.
2)主語從句除了that外,還可以用where,whether,when,why等詞引導(dǎo)。
Itdoesn’tmatterwhethertheywillcomeornot.
Ithasnotbeenyetdecidedwhowillspeakatthemeeting.
4.who與whoever
whoever意思為“凡……者”相當(dāng)于anyonewho+定語從句。它既可作主句的主語,又可作從句的主語,強(qiáng)調(diào)人。而who引導(dǎo)主語從句,只在從句中作主語,強(qiáng)調(diào)事。
Whoeverismoreorlessadvancedcanpassthetext.
Iwillgivethisdictionarytowhoeverwinthegames.
例7
_____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.whoeverD.Whom
[Key]C
[點(diǎn)撥]whoever=anyonewho
例8
Tomhopestobecomeafriendof_____sharesherinterests.
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
[Key]C
[點(diǎn)撥]whoever引導(dǎo)的句子做介賓而nomatterwho不引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
例9
Itwasamatterof_____wouldtaketheposition.
A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever
[Key]A
[點(diǎn)撥]省略
5.主語從句不可位于句首的四種情況.
(1)Itissaid,(reported)…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。
例如:
ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.(Right)
ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(Wrong)
(2)Ithappens…,itoccurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。
例如:
Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(Right)
Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(Wrong)
(3)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。
例如:
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(Right)
(4)含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí),主語從句不可提前。
例如:
Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(Right)
Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?(Wrong)
核心解讀三賓語從句
賓語從句多做及物動詞的、介詞的賓語。
1.語序用陳述語序
例10
Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_____.
A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitDwhoitis
[點(diǎn)撥]作動詞see的賓語從句要用陳述語序,當(dāng)無法區(qū)別男女時(shí),用it作主語。
特別提示:
1)特殊疑問詞做主語時(shí),次序不再變化。
Pleasetelluswhowillgiveusatalkthisweekend!
2)賓語從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號由主語來決定。
Don’tyouthinkthatthelightintheroomistoodark?
2)在賓語從句中不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來,也不能用一般過去時(shí)表將來。
3)在doubt的否定句中,doubt后的賓語從句用that,在doubt的肯定句中用Whether或if均可。
Wedon’tdoubtthathewillsucceedintheresearchwork.
Idoubtif/whetheritistrue.
Wedon’tdoubtthathecandoagoodjobofit.
例11
Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____officesoon.
A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.leftD.hadleft
[Key]B
[點(diǎn)撥]本句子是過去時(shí)間,soon的出現(xiàn)就是表示過去將來。干擾項(xiàng)答案A以一般現(xiàn)在實(shí)施表示將來時(shí),是適用于條件狀語從句,故不正確!
3.連接詞的選用關(guān)鍵要理解、弄清楚各自的含義和在句子中做的成分。
例12
Iremember_____thisusedtobeaquietvillage.
A.whenB.howC.whereD.what
[Key]A
[點(diǎn)撥]本題考查賓語從句的連詞。how和where在從句中分別作地點(diǎn)和方式狀語,在此不合題意,而此句是一個(gè)完整句子即主系表結(jié)構(gòu),故排除what。本句欲表示的意思是:“我記得那個(gè)時(shí)候這里曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)安靜的村莊”
例13
Iwoulddo_____Icandotohelpthem.
A.thatB.whateverC.whichD.whichever
[Key]B
[點(diǎn)撥]Icando句中的及物動詞do沒有賓語,句子不完整,缺句子成分,whatever在句中可以作do的賓語。
4.That在賓語從句中不可省略的情況。
1)當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的狀語緊靠that時(shí),或者說that從句中含有主從復(fù)合句時(shí)。
I’msurethatifyou’velostit,youmastpayforit.
2)當(dāng)賓語從句被it替代時(shí)
Shehasmadeitclearthatshewillhavenothingtodowiththedecision.
3)當(dāng)由兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句作同一個(gè)動詞或介詞的賓語時(shí),第二個(gè)that不可省。
Tomtoldtheleader(that)Jonehadworkerveryhardandthathewantedhimstay.
4)有插入語或其它成分把賓語從句和主句分開時(shí)。
Hethinks,I’mafraid,thatheisalwaysright.
5)當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時(shí)。
Theysaidthatrubbingthegirl’slegmighthelp.
6)從句的主語是that時(shí)。
Shesaysthatthatisarealgoldring.
5.It可充當(dāng)形式賓語,代替真正的賓語從句,此時(shí)謂語動詞除帶賓語從句外,還帶賓補(bǔ)。
Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthattheydoanimportantjob.
核心解讀四表語從句
1.當(dāng)reason和cause引導(dǎo)的從句做主語時(shí),其表語從句多用that引導(dǎo),而不用because引導(dǎo)。
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthelastbus.
2.because引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí),一般在句型“it(that,this)isbecause…”中說明原因;而在“it(that,this)iswhy…”中說明結(jié)果。
Theteacherwasveryangry.Thatwasbecausehewasverylate.
Hewasverylate.Thatwaswhytheteacherwasangry.
3.asif/asthough也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。
Itlooksasif/asthoughitweregoingtorain.
4.除that和wh-詞外,as也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。
Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.
核心解讀五同位語從句
1.同位語從句語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序,多放在下列詞的后面,如:idea,fact,news,hope,wish,promise,doubt,suggestion,truth,question,problem,belief,probability….對其名詞起進(jìn)一步說明作用,是名詞的具體內(nèi)容。
例14
Ihavenoidea_____fartheairportisfromhere.
A.whatB.howC.it’sD.that
[Key]B
例15
There’safeelinginme_____we’llneverknowwhataUFOisnotever.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what
[Key]A
[點(diǎn)撥]that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句修飾feeling
2.That引導(dǎo)同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
That引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,只起連接作用,但不可省略,而that在定語從句中可做主語、賓語和表語。作賓語時(shí)可省略。
Thenewsthathepassedtheexamwasagreatsurprise.(同位語從句)
Thenews(that)hetoldmewasagreatsurprise.(賓語從句)
核心解讀六名詞性從句中的幾類問題特別提示
1、當(dāng)疑問詞做主語或主語的定語時(shí)的語序不變。
Allofusaskedherwhatwasthematter/wrong/thetroublewithherface.(做主語)
Tomaskedmewhosepenwasred.(whose做主語的定語)
2、賓語從句中的插入語常見形式
1)特殊疑問詞+doyouthink(believe,suppose,say…)
Whodoyouthinkisthebeststudentinourclass?
Whodoyouthinkcananswerthequestion?
Whatdoyousupposehappentoher?
Whattimedoyouthinktomwillcomehere?
2)插入語還有youthink/expect等
Giveittowhoeveryouthinkcandotheworkwell.
3、連接詞的對稱
Ittooktheteacherafewdaystorememberwhowaswhointheclass.
4、That可以作except,in,besides,but的賓語,不可充當(dāng)其它介詞的賓語,inthat意為“在于(因?yàn)椋眀utthat意為“要不是(只是)”exceptthat意為“除了”
Thesuitfittedhimwellexceptthatthecolorisalittlebrighter.
其它介詞后面需要用that從句作賓語,必須用it作形式賓語。
YoumaydependonitthatIwillalwayshelpthem.
5、賓語從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
主語是第一人稱I/we。
1)將think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine,consider,expect,guess,reckon等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。
IdontthinkIknowyou. 我想我并不認(rèn)識你。
Idontbelievehewillcome. 我相信他不回來。
注意:若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。
Ihopeyouwerentill.我想你沒有生病吧。
2)如果think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine,consider,expect,guess,reckon等動詞前有副詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的do,does,did或同其它詞構(gòu)成并列謂語,或不以現(xiàn)在時(shí)出現(xiàn),或用在插入語中,這時(shí)候不用否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
Ireallyexpectshedidn’tsaythattohim.
我希望她不對他說那件事。
Ithinkandhopethathewon’tbedeceivedbytheman.
我認(rèn)為他希望他不會被那個(gè)人欺騙。
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine,consider,expect,guess,reckon等此類動詞后,在簡略回答中,用so替代前面肯定的賓語從句;若替代一個(gè)否定的賓語從句,用not或not…so替代前文整個(gè)句子。
---Ibelievewe’vemetsomewherebefore.(我認(rèn)為我們從前在哪里見過)
---no,Idon’tthinkso.(沒有,我想我們以前沒有見過)
----doyouthinkit’sgoingtorainovertheweekend?(你認(rèn)為這周末會下雨嗎?)
----Ibelievenot.(我認(rèn)為不會)
4)將seem,appear等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。
Itdoesntseemthattheyknowwheretogo.
看來他們不知道往哪去。
Itdoesntappearthatwellhaveasunnydaytomorrow.
看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。
5)有時(shí)將動名詞,介詞短語或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷χ^語動詞的否定。
Idontrememberhavingeverseensuchaman.
我記得從未見過這樣一個(gè)人。(not否定動名詞短語having…)
Itsnotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrange
charactersonthestreet.
在這里,人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。
(anyone作主語,從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。)
6)有時(shí)狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動詞前。
Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone. (否定狀語) 螞蟻不只是為自己采食。
HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.
(否定because狀語)他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何,就輕信此事。
Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatmansyoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty.
(否定狀語manyweeks)
她結(jié)婚還不到幾個(gè)月,這個(gè)人的弟弟就看見她了,并對她的美貌著了迷。
6、賓語從句還可以用在某些形容詞的后面,如:sure,glad,certain,sorry,afraid,worried,anxious,aware,confident,convinced,proud,surprised,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content…
Iamsurethathewillcomeheretomorrow.
Theteacherwaspleasedthathisstudentshadpassedtheexam.
特別提示:
besure/certain…表示“確信或肯定……”后邊從句的連詞用that,但benotsure/certain后邊從句的連詞用if或whether。
Areyoucertainthatyou’llgetthereotime?
I’mnotsureif/whetherhisworkhasbeenfinished?
7、有些句子連詞較多,應(yīng)分清各自的功能
Itiswellknownthatwhat,whenandhowapersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.(that為itiswellknownthat這一結(jié)構(gòu)的連詞,what,whenandhow為主語從句的連詞)
Tomwassoontoldwhywhathaddonewasnotnecessary.
(why是賓語從句的連詞,而what是why從句中的連詞)
常見錯誤分析
1.誤:Thequestionisiftheycanworkoutthedifficultmathproblem.
正:Thequestioniswhethertheycanworkoutthedifficultmathproblem.
[點(diǎn)撥]:引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句時(shí),常用whether不用if。又如:
WhetherTomgoeswithusmakesnodifference.
Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousillness.
2.誤:Thathesaidsurprisedallofus.
正:Whathesaidsurprisedallofus.
[點(diǎn)撥]:what引導(dǎo)主語從句并在主語從句中作said的賓語。當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),不作句子成份,只起連接作用。
3.誤:Ibelievenomatterwhathesays.
正:Ibelievewhateverhesays.
[點(diǎn)撥]:whatever在這里引導(dǎo)賓語從句,nomatterwhat只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句。
4.誤:Heaskedhowmuchshouldhepaythedoctor.
正:Heaskedhowmuchheshouldpaythedoctor.
[點(diǎn)撥]:一般來說,賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序。
5.誤:Wholeavestheroomlastshouldlockthedoor.
正:Whoeverleavestheroomlastshouldlockthedoor.
[點(diǎn)撥]:who可以引導(dǎo)主語從句,但往往具有疑問的意義;而whoever則沒有疑問的意義,相當(dāng)于anyonewho。
6.誤:Hewantstobecomeafriendofwhomeversharesthesameinterest.
正:Hewantstobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesthesameinterest.
[點(diǎn)撥]:whoever引導(dǎo)賓語從句并在從句中作主語,故不能用whomever。
7.誤:Italldependsoniftheywillsupportus.
正:Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.
[點(diǎn)撥]:theywillsupportus在句中作dependson的賓語,故用whether,而不用if引導(dǎo)。
8.誤:Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomeisbecausehismotherwasill.
正:Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomeisthathismotherwasill.
[點(diǎn)撥]:Thereasonwhy…is…句型中,應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)表語從句,表示“……的原因是……”。不能用because引導(dǎo)。
9.誤:Wedidn’tknowifornotshewasreadytostartwork.
正:Wedidn’tknowwhetherornotshewasreadytostartwork.
[點(diǎn)撥]:whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以和ornot連用,而if則不能。
10.誤:HeisfamousasanEnglishteacheriswellknown.
正:ThatheisfamousasanEnglishteacheriswellknown.
[點(diǎn)撥]:that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)不能省略。
11.誤:Thatreallyinterestedthechildrenwashowtousethecomputer.
正:Whatreallyinterestedthechildrenwashowtousethecomputer.
[點(diǎn)撥]:what引導(dǎo)主語從句在從句中作主語,而that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),不作句子成分,也沒有任何含義。
12.誤:Themanaskedhissonwherehefoundhisglasses.
正:Themanaskedhissonwherehehadfoundhisglasses.
[點(diǎn)撥]:賓語從句中動詞find的動作是在主句動詞ask之前發(fā)生的,因此要用過去完成時(shí)來表達(dá)。
13.誤:Allwhattheyneedisenoughtimetopreparefortheexamination.
正:Allthattheyneedisenoughtimetopreparefortheexamination.
正:Whattheyneedisenoughtimetopreparefortheexamination.
[點(diǎn)撥]:allwhat一般不連用。Allthat…結(jié)構(gòu)中,that(不能用Which)引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞all。what引導(dǎo)主語從句。
經(jīng)典真題回放
1.___youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.(87)
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.This
2.Theyhavenoideaatall____.(87)
A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhego
C.whichplacehehasgoneD.wherehehasgone
3.____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.(88)
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
4.Upongraduationheaskedtobesentto_____.(88)
A.whereheismostneededB.whereheneeded
C.whereheismostlyneededD.whereishemostlyneeded
5.Thesephotographswillshowyou_____.(89)
A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslike
C.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike
6.Canyoumakesure_____thegoldring?(90)
A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceput
C.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput
7.Noonecanbesure_____inamillionyears.(91)
A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklike
C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike
8.____theGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknown.(92)
A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That
9.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggrey.(92)
A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for
10._____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.(92)
A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
11._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.(93)
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter
12.Heasked____fortheviolin.(93)
A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch
C.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
13.—Doyouremember_____hecame?
—Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.(94)
A.howB.whenC.thatD.if
14.____isafactthatEnglishisacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(95)
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
15.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_____sharesherinterests.(95)
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
16._____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan_____wehave.(96)
A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what
17._____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.(96)
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
18.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.(97)
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
19.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.(98)
A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
20.Itwasamatterof____wouldtaketheposition.(98)
A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever
21.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?(99)
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
22._____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.(99)
A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever
23.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo_____Icantosavethem.(00)
A.thatB.whichC.whicheverD.whatever
24.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.(00)
A.That;whatB.What;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that
25.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.(01)
A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why
26.____isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.(01)
A.There;thatB.It;thatC.There;whetherD.It;whether
27.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemoneyexactly_____hewants.(2002上海)
A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that
28.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_____roadconditionsneed_____.(2003上海)
A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimproved
C.where;improvingD.when;improving
29.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?
—Oh,that’s____.(2003北京春季)
A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited
30.Wecannotfigureout_____quiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.(2004北京)
A.thatB.asC.whyD.when
31.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow_____Ivebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.(04湖南)
A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how
32.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin____wasawastelandtenyearsago.(04天津)
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
33.Parentsaretaughttounderstand____importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.(04廣東)
A.thatB.howC.suchD.so
34.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Icantunderstand_____theyinsistongoingbymotor-bike.(04)
A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how
35.AfterYangLiWeisucceededincirclingtheearth,_____ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.(04上海)
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how
36.Astorygoes____ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethatbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.(04上海)
A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that
37.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.(04上海春季)
A.asB.whichC.whatD.that
38.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise______hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
39.Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.(05北京)
A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that
40.Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary_____hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.(05浙江)
A.whoB.thatC.asD.which
41.Thewayhediditwasdifferent_____wewereusedto.(05江西)
A.inwhichB.inwhatC.fromwhatD.fromwhich
42.Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize___sillymistakesIhadmade.(05湖南)
A.whatB.thatC.howD.which
43.Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased_____hewasamanofaction.(06湖南)
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
44.Wehaventsettledthequestionof_____itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.(06江蘇)
A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that
45.Makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.(06遼寧)
A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever
46.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas_____wedidthismorning.(06全國I)
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what
47.Pleaseremindme_____hesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.(06全國I)
A.whereB.whenC.howD.what
48.---Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?
---Theyalwaysletmedo_____IthinkIshould.(06全國III)
A.whenB.thatC.howD.what
49.Enginesaretomachines_____heartsaretoanimals.(06山東)
A.asB.thatC.whatD.which
50.Ijustwonder_____thatmakeshimsoexcited.(06山東)
A.whyitdoesB.whathedoesC.howitisD.whatitis
51.Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris_____itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.(06上海)
A.howB.whyC.thatD.when
52.Hespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioning_____histeammateshaddone.(06上海)
A.whatB.whichC.whyD.while
53.---It’sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.
---ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,_____wegotlostonarainynight.(06四川)
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when
54.Thereismuchchance_____Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.(06天津)
A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if
55.Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentformtheclasshehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.(06重慶)
A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because
56.Theseshoeslookverygood.Iwonder____.(06上海春季)
A.howmuchcosttheyareB.howmuchdotheycost
C.howmuchtheycostD.howmucharetheycost
57.Dorissuccessliesinthefact_____sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.(06上海春季)
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why
58.---Couldyoudomeafavor?
---Itdependson____itis.
A.whichB.whicheverC.whatD.whatever
59.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.
A.asB.whichC.whatD.that
60..Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_______hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
[答案]
1--5BACAB6--10CACBC11--15ADADC
16--20ABBAA21--25ADDBC26--30AAAAC31--35CABAB36--40DCBAB41--45CABCA46--50DBDCD51--55CABAB56--60CBCCB
高考英語主從復(fù)合句(狀語從句、名詞性從句和定語從句)
一名合格的教師要充分考慮學(xué)習(xí)的趣味性,教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案為之后的教學(xué)做準(zhǔn)備。教案可以讓講的知識能夠輕松被學(xué)生吸收,幫助教師更好的完成實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)。教案的內(nèi)容要寫些什么更好呢?下面是由小編為大家整理的“高考英語主從復(fù)合句(狀語從句、名詞性從句和定語從句)”,大家不妨來參考。希望您能喜歡!
主從復(fù)合句(狀語從句、名詞性從句和定語從句)狀語從句
1.when,while,as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的區(qū)別;
2.名詞詞組theminute,themoment,thefirsttime,eachtime,anytime等用作連詞,引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句;
3.before,和since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的用法以及常見的幾個(gè)句型;
4.till和until的用法;
5.although,though,as以及evenif,eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的用法;
6.結(jié)果狀語從句中“so…that”與“such…that”的區(qū)別;
7.條件狀語從句unless,providing/provided,suppose/supposing等引導(dǎo)詞的用法;
8.“疑問詞+ever”和“nomatter+疑問詞”引導(dǎo)從句的用法;
9.incase引導(dǎo)的狀語從句;
10.where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句;
11.once引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。
12.與祈使句、定語從句、名詞從句、倒裝句以及與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的混合考查。
名詞從句
1.that和what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別;
2.名詞從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài);
3.it作形式主語、形式賓語的幾種情況;
4.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移;
5.whether和if的用法區(qū)別;
6.what在名詞性從句中的使用;
7.doubt后的名詞性從句的使用;
8.Who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法區(qū)別;
9.連接詞that的省略;
定語從句
1.that與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別;
2.who、whom與whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別;
3.關(guān)系副詞where、when與why引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別;
4.對“as”引導(dǎo)定語從句的考查;
5.such…as與such…that的區(qū)別;thesame…as與thesame…that的區(qū)別;
6.對“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的考查;
7.theway作先行詞時(shí),定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞作狀語用inwhich,that或者省略;
8.含有插入語的定語從句;
9.與并列句、狀語從句、同位語從句以及與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的混合考查。
I.句子的種類
復(fù)習(xí)主從復(fù)合句時(shí),我們首先要對句子的種類有所了解,才能更深入地掌握主從復(fù)合句的知識。
按用途分
種類
類型
例句
陳述句
肯定句
Weloveourmotherland.我們熱愛祖國。
否定句
Theydon’tgotoworkonSundays.他們星期日不上班。
疑問句
一般疑問句
Areyouaworker?你是個(gè)工人嗎?
Haven’tyouseenthefilm?你沒看過這部電影嗎?
特殊疑問句
Whoistheman?這人是誰?
WhendoyouwatchTV?你什么時(shí)間看電視?
Whataretheydoingnow?他們現(xiàn)在正在干什么?
選擇疑問句
Doyouwantteaorcoffee?Eitherwilldo.你要茶水還是要咖啡?哪種都行。
DoeshelearnJapaneseorFrench?HelearnsFrench.
他學(xué)日語還是學(xué)法語?他學(xué)法語。
反意疑問句
Theyaregoingtotheairport,aren’tthey?他們要去機(jī)場,是嗎?
Youhaven’tfinishedyourhomework,haveyou?你沒做完作業(yè),是嗎?
祈使句
肯定句
Besuretogetthereateight.務(wù)必八點(diǎn)鐘到那兒。
否定句
Don’tworry.I’llhelpyouout.別擔(dān)心,我會幫助你的。
感嘆句
what+名詞
Whatgreatchangeswehavehadtheseyears!
這幾年我們有了多么大的變化啊!
Whatafinedayitis!多好的天氣呀!
how+形容詞或副詞
Howbraveheis!他多么勇敢呀!
Howhardtheyareworking!他們工作多努力呀!
how+句子
Howtimeflies!時(shí)間過得多么快呀!
How+adj.+a(an)+n.=Whata(an)+adj.+n
Howniceaboy(heis)!=Whataniceboy(heis)!多好的孩子啊!
按結(jié)構(gòu)分
種類
類型
例句
簡單句
主+謂
Theydisappeared.他們消失了。
主+謂+賓
Helikesswimming.他喜歡游泳。
Wehelpeachother.我們互相幫助。
主+謂+間賓+直接賓
Itoldmyfriendthegoodnews.我把好消息告訴了我的朋友。
Theysentusatelegram.他們給我們拍了電報(bào)。
主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)
TheynamedtheboyJack.他們給孩子起名叫杰克。
Iwanteverythingreadybyeighto’clock.
我要求一切都要在八點(diǎn)前準(zhǔn)備好。
主+系+表
Sheisauniversitystudent.她是一名大學(xué)生。
Hehasbecomeapilot.他已成為一名飛行員。
并列句
并列關(guān)系and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,both…and,not…but,
Eitheryoudoit,orIaskforsomebodyelsetodoit.
要么你來做,要么我請其他人來做。
NeitherTomnorJackhasfinishedthehomework.
湯姆和杰克都沒有完成作業(yè)。
Notcouldn’ttheycompletethetask,butthetaskwastootough.
不是他們完不成任務(wù),而是任務(wù)太重了。
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but,while(而,盡管)
nevertheless(然而;不過)
Johnlikesplayingbasketball,buthedidn’tplayityesterday.
約翰喜歡打籃球,但他昨天沒打。
選擇關(guān)系or,otherwiseorelse,either…or
Wemusthurry,orwe’llmissthetrain.
我們必須快點(diǎn),否則會趕不上火車。
EitheryoucometomyplaceorIgotoyours.
或者你到我這兒來,或者我到你那去。
因果關(guān)系for,so,thus,therefore,andso
Wehadbetterstayathome,foritwasraining.
我們最好呆在家里,因?yàn)樘煺谙掠辍?p>Hedidn’tworkhard,thereforehefailedintheexamination.
他學(xué)習(xí)不努力,因此這次考試不及格。
復(fù)合句
由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。在復(fù)合句中主句是全句的主體,從句是全句的一個(gè)成分,不能獨(dú)立。
從句有:
名詞性從句(主語從句,表語從句,賓語從句和同位語從句)
狀語從句
定語從句
(詳細(xì)請看以下內(nèi)容)
II.狀語從句
狀語從句是每年高考必考的內(nèi)容,在高考試題中加上其它從句的干擾,以及倒裝句,強(qiáng)調(diào)句的介入,使得狀語從句更為復(fù)雜。
1.時(shí)間狀語從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo):when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,since,assoonas,nowthat,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than,有一些表示時(shí)間的副詞(短語)或名詞短語也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。如:directly,instantly,immediately,bythetime,themoment,thesecond,theminute,theinstant,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thelasttime等
重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容如下:
①when,while,as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
▲as表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,往往和when/while通用,但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動作或事情同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。
ShecameupasIwascooking.(同時(shí))
Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(幾乎同時(shí))
▲when(atorduringthetimethat)既可以表示在某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候,又可表示在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi),主句與從句的動作或事情可以同時(shí)發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。
Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指時(shí)間點(diǎn))
Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段時(shí)間內(nèi))
Whenwearrivedthere,thefilmhadalreadybegun.(先后發(fā)生)
▲while意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”或“在某一段時(shí)間里”。主句中的動作或事情在從句中的動作或事情的進(jìn)展過程中發(fā)生,從句中的動詞一般要用延續(xù)性動詞。在when表示aperiodoftime時(shí),兩者可以互換。
Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhile/whenothersareworking.
Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.
Strikewhiletheironishot.(不可用as或when,這里的while意思是“趁……”)
②before狀語從句的重點(diǎn)句型
▲……之后……才:ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleep.
▲不多久……就:Itwasn’tlongbeforehetoldmeabouttheaffair.
▲不等……就:BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.
▲剛……就:Hehardlyenteredtheroombeforeheheardthetelephonering.
▲先……再:Youcanhaveafewdaystothinkaboutitbeforeyoumakeyourdecision.
③since引導(dǎo)的從句用延續(xù)性動詞的過去式(包括過去完成時(shí)),則從句的動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束,從句意思是否定的。如果從句的動詞是延續(xù)性的用完成時(shí)態(tài),從句意思是肯定的。
▲HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIwasill.我病愈后,他一直未來看我。(不在生病了)
▲HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIhavebeenill.我病了,他一直未來看我。
▲Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehelivedhere.
自從他這里搬走,我就沒有收到他的信。(不住在這兒了)
▲Iknowhimverywellsincehehaslivedherenearus.自他住在我們附近以來,我對他很了解。
▲It’sthreeyearssinceIwasinthearmy.我退伍已三年了。(不在服役了)
▲It’sthreeyearssinceIhavebeeninthearmy=Itsthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.
我入伍已三年了。
④如果與till與until從句使用的主句是肯定的,則主句中謂語要用延續(xù)性動詞如果與其使用的主句是否肯定的,則主句中謂語要用短暫性動詞。另till從句不可以置于句首,只有until從句可以放在句首。notuntil放在句首時(shí)主句要倒裝。
2.原因狀語從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo):as(由于),because(因?yàn)?,since(既然),now(that)(既然),consideringthat(顧及到),seeingthat(由于)。
IdoitbecauseIlikeit.因?yàn)槲蚁矚g我才干。(because不能與so連用)
Hecouldn’thaveseenme,becauseIwasnotthere.他不可能見過我,因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)我不在那兒。
Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.
由于好些人都沒到會,我們決定延期開會
Nowthat/Sinceyouareallhere,let’stryandreachadecision.
既然大家都來了咱們就設(shè)法做一個(gè)決定吧
Asshewasill,shedidn’tcometotheparty.
由于病了,她沒來參加晚會。
Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.
考慮到他們才剛剛學(xué)做,他們干得算很不錯的了。
重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容如下:
①because語氣最強(qiáng),用于回答why的提問,可與強(qiáng)調(diào)詞only,just以及否定詞not連用。但不可以與so連用。如Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.另外注意與not連用時(shí)否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。Hedidn’tdosuchathingbecausehewasafraidofhiswife.他并不是因?yàn)榕滤钠拮硬抛鲞@樣的事。
Cf:Hedidn’tdosuchathing,becausehewasafraidofhiswife.因?yàn)榕缕拮?,他沒有做這樣的事。
because引導(dǎo)的從句可以被強(qiáng)調(diào):
ItwasbecauseshewantedtostudyabroadthatsheenteredforTOEFL
②as語氣較弱,since語氣也較弱,但比as正式一些,所說明的原因比較明顯或是已知的事實(shí),多用于口語中,所以不應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)。常置于句首。
Asalltheseatswerefull,hestoodthere.
Sinceyouaregoing,I’llgo,too.
③for雖解釋為“因?yàn)椤钡皇且粋€(gè)并列連詞,它引導(dǎo)的是并列句,不是原因狀語從句。
Thedaywasshort,foritwasDecember.
3.地點(diǎn)狀語從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo):where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere。
Anywherehewent,hegotwarmwelcome.
Thegirltakesthedollwithhereverywhereshegoes.
WuhanlieswheretheYangtzeandtheHanRivermeet.武漢位于長江和漢水匯合處。
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者,事竟成。
You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.
哪兒有問題,你最好在哪兒做個(gè)記號。(這里where引導(dǎo)的從句不是定語從句)
4.結(jié)果狀語從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo):that,so…that,sothat(從句中不帶情態(tài)動詞),such…that,withtheresultthat等。
注意以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu):
①so+adj/adv+that…
②such(a/an+adj)+n+that…
③so+adj+a/an+n+that=sucha/an+adj+n+that…
④somany/much/few/little(少)+n+that…
注意以上結(jié)構(gòu)與定語從句so/such…as的區(qū)別。
Thisissuchaninteresting/sointerestingafilmthat/aseveryonewantstoseeit/(it)
Hedidn’tplanhistimewellsothat/sohedidn’tfinishtheworkintime.
他沒把時(shí)間計(jì)劃好,結(jié)果沒按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。
Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.
我們走得匆忙,把門都忘了鎖了。
Thevillageissosmallthatitcannotbeshowninthemap.
這村子太小,所以這地圖上沒有。
Jennyissuchaclevergirlthatalltheteacherslikeherverymuch
=Jennyissocleveragirlthatalltheteacherslikeherverymuch
Jenny是如此聰明的女孩,以至老師們都非常喜歡她。
IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.
我摔了許多跤,以至于渾身青一塊紫一塊
Hehassofewfriendsthatheoftenfeelslonely.
他朋友很少,所以經(jīng)常感到孤獨(dú)。
IhadsolittlemoneythenthatIcouldn’taffordalittlepresent.
我當(dāng)時(shí)囊中羞澀連一份小小禮物都買不起
5.目的狀語從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo):sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat等。目的狀語從句的謂語動詞常與情態(tài)動詞can,could,may,might,should連用目的狀語從句的謂語動詞常與情態(tài)動詞can,could,may,might,should連用。(sothat也可用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,但從句中不帶情態(tài)動詞)
Let’stakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.
我們坐前排吧,這樣我們看得更清楚些。
Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.
早點(diǎn)兒放學(xué)是為了讓孩子們在暴風(fēng)雨到來之前回家。
Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.
他把名字寫下省得忘了。(該從句中一般用情態(tài)動詞should+動詞原形,或省略should)
Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.
最好多帶些衣服以防天氣會冷。
注意:sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句只能放在主句之后,inorderthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句可以放在主句之前或之后。
6.條件狀語從句
分為真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句(用在虛擬語氣中)。
表示條件的狀語從句可以由if(如果),unless(除非),incase(萬一),so/aslongas(只要),as/sofaras(就……而言),onconditionthat(條件是……)suppose(假設(shè))supposing(假設(shè))(僅用在問句中)
等詞或詞組引導(dǎo)。一般情況下當(dāng)主句是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
As/Solongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty.
只要我們不灰心,我們就能找到克服困難的方法。
Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty.萬一你有什么困難,請給我們一個(gè)信兒。
Ifyouleaveat6o’clocktomorrowmorning,you’dbettergettobednow.
如果你明早6點(diǎn)鐘走,你最好現(xiàn)在就上床。
We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.
只要你能保持整潔,我們可以讓你使用這個(gè)房間。
As/SofarasIknow,heisanexpertonDNA.據(jù)我所知,他是一個(gè)DNA專家。
He’llacceptthejobunlessthesalaryistoolow/ifthesalaryisnottoolow.
他會接受這項(xiàng)工作的,除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的話。
Suppose/Supposingwecan’tgetenoughfood,whatshallwedo?
假設(shè)我們弄不到足夠的食物,那我們怎么辦?
7.讓步狀語從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo):although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,while,whether…or,whoever,whatever,however,nomatter+疑問詞等。
Wewon’tbediscouragedevenif(=eventhough)wefailtentimes.
我們就是失敗十次也不泄氣。
Itwasanexcitinggame,though/althoughnogoalswerescored.
那是一場精彩的球賽,盡管一個(gè)球都沒進(jìn)。
Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it’strue.不管你信不信,這是真的。
However(=Nomatterhow)expensiveitmaybe,I’lltakeit.無論它有多貴,我也要買下它。
Don’tletthemin,whoever(=nomatterwho)theyare.不管他們是誰,別讓他們進(jìn)來。
NomatterwhatIsayorhowIsayit,healwaysthinksI’mwrong.無論我說什么或怎么說,他總認(rèn)為是我錯。
注意以下幾點(diǎn):
①although,though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),主句前不能用but,但可以加yet,stil。
Herefuseshelpalthoughhehasmanyfriendswhowanttoofferallkindsofhelp.
②as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),必須用前置結(jié)構(gòu),通常是從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形放在句首,放在句首的名詞前的冠詞要去掉。
Childas(though)heis,heknowsalot.(注意在child前不要用冠詞)
MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuy.
Tryashewould,hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox.
8.方式狀語從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo):as,asif,asthough,theway等。
Doitthewayyouweretold.
注意以下幾點(diǎn):
①as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時(shí)意義為“按照”,“如同”,前面常用加強(qiáng)語勢。
Ididitjustasyoutoldme.
②asif和asthough引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語常用虛擬語氣,有時(shí)也用陳述語氣。
③連詞while和whereas可表示對比。
Whereasheisratherlazy,sheisquiteenergetic.
9.比較狀語從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo):as…as,notas…as,notso…as,than等(詳情請參見形容詞和副詞)。
10.注意狀語從句中的省略現(xiàn)象
①連接詞+過去分詞
Unlessrepaired,thewashingmachineisnouse.
②連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
Lookoutwhilecrossingthestreet.
③連詞+形容詞/其他
常見的有ifnecessary、ifpossible、whennecessary、ifany等。
④比較狀語從句中的省略句。如:Hearrivedhomehalfanhourearlierthan(hehadbeen)expected.
III.名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(NounClauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞可分為三類:
①that(不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分,無詞義。只起連接作用,因此往往可以省略。)
whether,if(不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分,均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性。不可以省略。)
asif,asthough(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)
②what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which
③when,where,how,why
Whocleanedtheblackboardisnotknownyet.誰擦的黑板還不知道。
Whathesaidisnottrue.他說的不是實(shí)話
Thathe’llcometoseeusisreallygreat.他來看我們真是太好啦。
Idon’tknowwhyheisabsent.我不知道為什么他不在。
Thequestioniswhetherhewilljoinusnexttime.問題是下次他是否跟我們一起干。
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。
1.主語從句
①由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句:
Whetherthecountryshouldbuildanuclearpowerstationissomethingwemustdiscuss.
那個(gè)國家是否應(yīng)該建立核電站……
Thatlighttravelsinstraightlineisknowntoall.光以直線傳播
②由連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句:
Whatweneedismoretime.我們所需要的是……
Whicheverbookyouchoosedoesn’tmattertome.無論你選哪本書……
Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.無論誰來……
③由連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句:
Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasn’tbeenannounced.飛機(jī)什么時(shí)候起飛……
Wherehehasbeenisstillapuzzle.他到過哪兒……
Howmuchwaterisflowingcanbemeasuredeasily.水的流量是多少……
④關(guān)于形式主語it
▲It+be+形容詞+that-從句
Itisnecessarythat…有必要……
Itisimportantthat…重要的是……
Itisobviousthat…很明顯……
Itislikelythat….很可能
▲It+be+-ed分詞+that-從句
Itisbelievedthat…人們相信……
Itisknowntoallthat…眾所周知……
(注意該句型的變式:Itisknowntoallthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.=Asisknowntoall,theearthgoesaroundthesun.=Whatisknowntoallisthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.)
Ithasbeendecidedthat…已決定……
▲It+be+名詞+that-從句
Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常識
Itisasurprisethat…令人驚奇的是……
Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是……
可應(yīng)用于此句型的名詞還有fact/shame/honor/question/pity等。
▲It+不及物動詞+that-分句
Itappearsthat…似乎……
Ithappensthat…碰巧……
Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhelikesornot.
2.表語從句
可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等等。
Theproblemisthatmillionsofpeopledieofillnessescausedbysmoking.
……數(shù)百萬人死于由抽煙引起的疾病
Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthegame…..我們是否能贏得這次比賽
That’sjustwhatIwant.……我想要的
Thisiswhereourproblemlies.……我們的問題所在
Thedifficultyishowwecanhelpsmokerskicktheirhabit……我們?nèi)绾螏椭鼰煹娜恕?p>注意:
①表語從句的表現(xiàn)形式除了用從屬連詞,連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)以外,還可以由as,asif,asthough引導(dǎo)
Thingswerenotastheyseemed.
Itlooksasthoughitisgoingtorain.好象要下雨了。
②另外還要注意以下常用的兩種結(jié)構(gòu):Thereasonwhy…isthat…(而不用because)
It(This,That)isbecause…
Thereasonwhyhewasdismissedisthathedidn’tworkhard.他為什么被開除是因?yàn)樗ぷ鞑慌Α?p>Itisbecausethetobaccocompanieswanttoremaininbusiness.
3.同位語從句
同位語從句一般由that,whether等連詞引導(dǎo),常放在advice,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,possibility,problem,question,reason,truth,word,suggestion.等名詞的后面,說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。
Thenewsthathehadlandedonthemoonspreadallovertheworld.登陸月球…….
Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.……什么時(shí)候回來
ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill……Mary也許病了
Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.……是否同意
4.賓語從句
賓語從句可以作及物動詞的賓語,介詞的賓語,某些形容詞的賓語以及非謂語動詞的賓語。
①及物動詞后的賓語從句:
Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport……任何需要幫助的人……
Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation……她為什么拒絕了我的邀請
②介詞后的賓語從句:
IalwaysthinkofhowIcanimprovemyspokenEnglish.我總是在思考如何提高我的口語水平。
Theteacherissatisfiedwithwhatshehassaid.老師對他所說的話很滿意。
③某些形容詞后的賓語從句:
IamsurethatyouwillmakegreaterprogressinEnglishthroughhardwork.
……通過努力工作,你將取得更大的進(jìn)步
Wearesurprisedthathehasleftwithoutsayinggoodbyetous…….他沒有告別就走了
④非謂語動詞后的賓語從句:
Realizingthatitwasjustadifferenceincustom,theforeignersmiledandsaidnothing
OnbeingaskedwhetherhehadhadagoodtimeinAustralia,heanswered“Terrible”.
⑤關(guān)于形式賓語it
Wemustmakeitclearthatanyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.
我們必須清楚任何違犯法律的人都將受到懲罰。
Ifinditnecessarythatweshouldaskhimforhisadvice.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們有必要征求他的意見。
5.名詞性從句重難點(diǎn)
①在名詞性從句中,疑問句要用陳述句的語序。例如:
▲Canyoumakesure____thegoldring?
A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceput
C.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput
▲Youcantimagine__whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
②動詞doubt用在疑問句或否定句中,其后賓語從句常用that作連接詞;用在肯定句中,連接詞用whether或if皆可,而不用that。
Doyoudoubtthathewillwin?
Idontdoubtthatyourpropositioniswrong.
HedoubtwhetherIknowit.
③否定轉(zhuǎn)移問題。
▲將think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等動詞后面跟賓語從句時(shí)否定轉(zhuǎn)移
IdontthinkIknowyou. 我想我并不認(rèn)識你。
Idontbelievehewillcome. 我相信他不回來。
Wedontexpecthewillcometonight,willhe?
注意:若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。
Ihopeyouwerentill.我想你沒有生病吧。
▲將seem,appear等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
Itdoesntseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看來他們不知道往哪去。
Itdoesntappearthatwellhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。
④主謂一致問題。
Whathewantedtoseewasanendtoallthearmiesoftheworld.
WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.
⑤語氣問題
▲在含有suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,insist,desire,require,advise等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后,that從句常用“should+動詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu) Isuggestwe(should)setoffatonce.我建議我們應(yīng)該立刻出發(fā)。
▲在Itis+過去分詞+that的主語從句中decided,demanded,desired,insisted,ordered,proposed,suggested,recommended,requested,required等。
Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadythisevening.
▲在表語從句或同位語從句中
Thesuggestionthatthemayor(should)presenttheprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.
▲在Itis(was)+形容詞+that從句中要用虛擬語氣,即(should+)動詞原形,表示建議或不滿、驚奇等情緒。常用于此類的形容詞有essential,important,natural,necessary,possible,strange,等 Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent____atleastaforeignlanguage.(上海1993)
A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster
⑥What引導(dǎo)名詞從句的特殊含義:
▲Whatwasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.
(what為“所……的事”,相當(dāng)于“thethingthat…;allthat…;everythingthat…”)
▲After________seemedaverylongtime,Iopenedmyeyeandfoundmyselfinbed.(MET93) A.whatB.whenC.thatD.which
(what相當(dāng)于“thetimethat”,表示“……時(shí)間”)
▲Heisnotwhathewasafewyearsago.WhoisitthathasmadeFredwhatheisnow?
(what表示“……的人”,相當(dāng)于“thepersonthat…”)
▲WhatisnowtheNorthSaharaDesertwasonceacivilizedworld.
(what表示“……的地方”,相當(dāng)于“theplacethat…”)
▲Ourincomeisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearsago
(what表示“……的數(shù)目”,相當(dāng)于“theamount/numberthat…”)
⑦不可省略的連詞:
▲介詞后的連詞不可省略
BeforeIcamedownstairsIhadpreparedmyselfverycarefullyforwhatImustsay.
下樓之前,我已經(jīng)把我要說的認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備好了。
▲引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略
Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.她被選上了,我們很高興。
Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我們聽到消息說我們隊(duì)贏了。
▲賓語從句有多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)時(shí),從第二個(gè)及其后面的that不能省略
Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.
⑧比較:whether與if均為“是否”的意思。但在下列情況下,whether不能被if取代:
▲whether引導(dǎo)主語從句在句首
Whethershecomesornotdoesn’tconcernme.她是否來與我無關(guān)。
▲引導(dǎo)表語從句
Hisfirstquestionwaswhethershehadarrivedyet.他問第一個(gè)問題就是她來了沒有。
▲引導(dǎo)同位語從句
Answermyquestionwhetheryouarecoming.回答我你是否來的問題。
▲whether從句作介詞賓語
IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。
▲與ornot連在一起
Idon’tknowwhetherornotheisgoingtoJapan.我不知道他是否去日本。
大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以置于句末,用it充當(dāng)形式主語。例如:
Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.誰去,這不重要。
Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.到底誰贏呢,形勢尚不明朗。
IV.定語從句
(一)基本概念
1.由一個(gè)句子作定語,修飾句中一個(gè)名詞或代詞,有時(shí)也可以修飾整個(gè)句子或句中的部分內(nèi)容,這樣的從句就是定語從句,被其修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。
2.關(guān)系詞分為兩大類,即關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,其作用一是引出一個(gè)定語從句,二是代替其所修飾的先行詞,三是在句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)句子成分。
關(guān)系詞的分類和基本用法
表一
分類
指代
引導(dǎo)詞
關(guān)系代詞
人
who,whom,that,as
事物
which,that,as
人或物(表所屬關(guān)系)
Whose
關(guān)系副詞
地點(diǎn)
Where
時(shí)間
When
原因
Why
表二
關(guān)系代詞
指代
例句
解釋
who
人
ThemanwhohelpedyouisMrWhite.
在定從中作主語
whom
Thatistheperson(whom/who/that)youwanttosee.
在定從中作賓語,可省略
whose
Heisthefatherwhosesonstudiesverywellinourclass.
在定從中作定語
that
Imnotthefoolthatyouthoughtmetobe.
在定從中作表語
as
Heissuchalazymanasnobodywantstoworkwith.
在定從中作賓語
that
事物
Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.
在定從中作賓語
which
Adictionaryisausefulbookwhichtellsusthemeaningofwords
在定從中作主語
whose
Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth
在定從中作定語
as
Itissuchabigstoneasnobodycanlift.
在定從中作賓語
整句內(nèi)容
Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.
在定從中作主語
表三
關(guān)系副詞
指代
例句
解釋
when
時(shí)間
Wouldyousuggestatimewhenwecanhaveatalk?
在定從中作狀語
where
地點(diǎn)
Thehousewheretheyliveisnotverylarge.
在定從中作狀語
why
原因
Thisisthereasonwhyhedidnotcametothemeeting.
在定從中作狀語
(二)定語從句的注意點(diǎn)
本部分的內(nèi)容比較復(fù)雜,為便于考生一目了然,我們試圖用表格的形式呈現(xiàn)給考生。
1.that與which,who,whom的用法區(qū)別
情況
用法說明
例句
只用that的情況
①先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代詞時(shí)
②先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時(shí)
③先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)
④先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)
⑤先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)
⑥句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí),為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)
①Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.
②Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.
③ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.
④Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.
⑤HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.
⑥Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?
只用which,who,whom的情況
①在非限制性定語從句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人
②在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。
③先行詞本身是that時(shí),關(guān)系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,he時(shí)多用who。
①Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.
②Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.
③Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.
只用that,inwhich或不用關(guān)系詞的情況
theway做先行詞時(shí)
①M(fèi)ary,thereisonewaythatyoucouldstopotherstalkingaboutyouandcriticizingyou.
②Iwasstruckbythebeautyofthewayinwhichshestood.
③Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_______hesaidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythat
C.inthewayD.thewaywhich
2.as、which和that的區(qū)別
從句
區(qū)別
例句
限制性
定語從句中
名詞前有such和thesame修飾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用which
Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.
非限制性
定語從句中
as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如,象”的含義,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后,并無“正如”的意思。
Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.
Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.
Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.
thesame...as和
thesame...that
thesame...as指同類事物
thesame...that指原物
That’sthesametoolasIusedlastweek.(同類工具,不是同一把)
That’sthesametoolthatIusedlastweek.那就是我上周用過的工具。
3.where、when與why引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系副詞
用法
例句
where
關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),只能在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,其修飾的名詞必須是表示(具體或抽象的)地點(diǎn)的名詞。
We’rejusttryingtoteachapoint___bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.
A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which
when
關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),只能在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語,其修飾的名詞必須是表示時(shí)間的名詞。
Therewas________time________Ihatedtogotoschool.
A.a;thatB.a;when
C.the;thatD.the;when
why
關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),只能在定語從句中作原因狀語,其修飾的名詞必須是表示原因的名詞。
Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewasputintoprison?你知道她坐牢的原因嗎?
4.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語,且該介詞不是和從句的謂語動詞構(gòu)成固定短語時(shí),介詞可以提前,這樣就出現(xiàn)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。先行詞指物,用“介詞+which/whose”,指人則用“介詞+whom/whose”,且兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞均不能省略。介詞的選擇要遵循兩個(gè)原則:
原則
內(nèi)容
例句
原則一
根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞與先行詞的搭配內(nèi)容而定
Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection__________shehadcome.
A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich
[解析]此題考查由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,根據(jù)句意用fromwhich表示“所來的那個(gè)方向”,故答案選[D]
原則二
根據(jù)先行詞而定
Therearetwobuildings,_______standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.
A.thelargerB.thelargerofthem
C.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich
[解析]thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings,which在定語從句中指代building,作介詞of的賓語,故答案為[D]。
5.定語從句與先行詞被分割開來的現(xiàn)象
定語從句一般緊接被它所修飾的先行詞;但有時(shí)候它和先行詞之間有可能插入其他成分,使它與先行詞分隔開來,這種定語從句叫作被分隔的定語從句,在閱讀文章時(shí)會經(jīng)常遇到這種情況,在閱讀是要注意識別先行詞的修飾對象。
現(xiàn)象
例句
在定語從句加中插入語,常見的有:Ithink,Isuppose,Iguess,Iimagine等。辨別的方法是:去掉插入語后,原句句法結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。
①---Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?
---Right,justtheone________youknowIusedtoworkforyears.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what
[解析]work是不及物動詞,先行詞one在定語從句中只能作地點(diǎn)狀語,Youknow在句中作插入語,所以答案選[C]。
②Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofimportancetoscience.
A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitis
C.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis
[解析]這里Ithink是插入語,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,故選[A]。
在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個(gè)狀語
Therearemanythousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikethesun.在太空中有成千上萬的象太陽般的星星。
乍一看,that引導(dǎo)的定語從句在名詞sky的后面,似乎應(yīng)該是修飾sky的。但仔細(xì)一想,”不對啊,天空怎么能象太陽呢?“,原來that引導(dǎo)的定語從句被inthesky這個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語分隔開來,修飾中心詞stars。
在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個(gè)定語
DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamond
necklace?
你還記得嗎,十年前的一天下午,我來到你家,找你借了一條鉆石項(xiàng)鏈?
whenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace實(shí)際上是修飾afternoon而不是修飾years。tenyearsago實(shí)際上是定語后置修飾afternoon。
先行詞與定語從句被謂語分隔開來。此時(shí),先行詞通常是句子的主語,因定語從句較長,主句謂語較短,為使句子平衡,常將定語從句移至謂語之后
AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.
6.定語從句與其它從句(句型)的區(qū)別
類別
區(qū)別
例句
定語從句
與
并列句
定語從句與并列句的主要區(qū)別在于:并列句有像and,but,so等并列連詞或兩個(gè)句子用分號連接,這時(shí)就不能再用引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞了。
①M(fèi)rLihasthreedaughters,noneof_____isanengineer.
②MrLihasthreedaughters,butnoneof_____isadancer.
從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,①小題是定語從句,故填whom;
②小題有并列連詞but,是并列句,故填代詞them。
定語從句
與
狀語從句
定語從句的前面有名詞作先行詞,而狀語從句沒有先行詞。
Thisistheplacewhereweusedtoliveafewyearsago.
這是幾年前我們居住的地方。(定語從句,先行詞為theplace)
Let’sgowherewecanfindabetterjob.
我們到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。(地點(diǎn)狀語從句)
定語從句修飾、限制、說明名詞,只能放在先行詞的后面,而狀語從句說明動作發(fā)生的情況,并且可以放在主句的前面。
Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?你知道下課的時(shí)間嗎?(定語從句)
Itwasalreadyfiveo’clockwhentheclasswasover.
=Whentheclasswasover,itwasalreadyfiveo’clock.
當(dāng)下課時(shí)己經(jīng)是5點(diǎn)了。(時(shí)間狀語從句)
When,where和why在引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)可以用“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)來替換,在引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)卻不行。
Thisisthefactoryinwhich(where)hisfatheronceworked.
這就是他的父親曾經(jīng)工作過的那個(gè)工廠。(定語從句)
Putbackthebookwhereitwas.把書放回原處。(狀語從句)
定語從句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)某種句子成分,因此去掉它則從句成分不完整;而結(jié)果狀語從句中的連接詞在從句中不作任何成分,去掉后從句的成分仍然完整。
Itissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.它是我們大家都喜歡的如此有趣的書。
(as用作動詞like的賓語,它引導(dǎo)的是定語從句)
Itissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllikeit.
它是一本如此有趣的書,我們大家都喜歡它。
(that不充當(dāng)句子成分,故它引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句)
定語從句
與
同位語從句
定語從句在復(fù)合句中相當(dāng)于形容詞,對先行詞起修飾、描述或限制的作用,與先行詞之間有從屬關(guān)系。同位語的作用相當(dāng)于名詞,對前面的名詞給予補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋,是前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容,與先行詞之間是同位關(guān)系。
Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexammadeherparentsveryhappy.
她考試及格的消息使她父母親很高興。(同位語從句)
此句中的同位語從句Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexam
可以改寫成表語從句:Thenewsisthathepassedtheexam.
Thenewsthathetoldusinterestedallofus.
他告訴我們的消息使大家都感興趣。(定語從句)
Thenewsthathetoldus是定語從句,此句不能改寫為:Thenewsisthathetoldus.
定語從句
與
強(qiáng)調(diào)句
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+從句”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是除謂語以外的任何成分,當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí),還可用who代替that。這一句型中,一定不能因?yàn)楸粡?qiáng)調(diào)部分是表時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的詞就用when或where代替that。
①ItisonthemorningofMay1st_____ImetLiangWeiattheairport.
②Itisthefactory_____MrWangworks.
從結(jié)構(gòu)上看:
①小題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,故填that。
②小題則是定語從句,用上述方法轉(zhuǎn)換便知thefactory前差個(gè)介詞in,故填where。
此外還要注意下列兩點(diǎn):
▲定語從句與習(xí)慣句型
用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整與正確。
①Itisthefirsttime_____shehasbeeninShanghai.
②Itwasthetime_____Chinesepeoplehadahardlife.
解析:這里①小題是一個(gè)習(xí)慣句型,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:Itis/wasthefirst/second...time+that從句。故①填that,其意為:這是她第一次在上海。②小題thetime是先行詞,其后是表示時(shí)間的定語從句,故填when。
▲定語從句與簡單句
用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整與正確。
①Themothertoldthelazyboytowork,_____didnthelp.
②Themothertoldthelazyboytowork._____didnthelp.
解析:含有定語從句的復(fù)合句與兩個(gè)單句的主要區(qū)別在于:前者有主句,有從句,必須有關(guān)系詞;而后者則是兩個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子,不需要任何關(guān)聯(lián)詞。①小題兩個(gè)句子用逗號連接且沒有并列連詞,顯然應(yīng)是主從句關(guān)系,因此需用關(guān)系詞which,前面整個(gè)句子作先行詞;②小題則填I(lǐng)t,代替前面的整個(gè)句子。解題時(shí),注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的運(yùn)用。
1.______isknowntousallisthatShenzhouVIIhaslaunchedforthefirstspacewalksuccessfully.
A.ThatB.WhatC.ItD.As
2.BarackObamadeliveredaspeechto500localyouthsduringhisvisittoChina,manyof_______werefrom
FudanUniversityandTongjiUniversity.
A.themB.whomC.whichD.those
3.Mostofusstillwonder_______itis_______makesthosehonestpeasantworkers,withoutbeingpaidatall,resignthemselvestothebosses.
A.what;thatB./;whatC.that;whatD./;that
4.—Joinusinthepartytonight,wouldyou?
—Sorry,I’mafraidIcan’t,______I______thecontentofsomereportswithmyboss.
A.for;havediscussedB.because;willbediscussing
C.before;discussedD.when;willhavediscussed
5.—I’mgoingtoNewYorkforfurtherstudiesnextterm.
—Congratulations!________you’rethere,canyoukeepmee-mailed?
A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.If
6.ProbablynomanhadmoreeffectsonthedailylivesofpeopleintheUnitedStates________HenryFord________.
A.as;wasB.than;wasC.than;didD.as;did
7.Therearealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostofwiththeireyesonandtheirheadsbentovertheirbooks.
A.whom;fixingB.them;fixedC.whom;fixedD.them;fixing
8.Youngpeoplewhohavegotjobsmayrealizeuniversitylessonscan’tbetheonlypreparationforallofthesituations________appearintheworkingworld.
A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what
9.Facedwithchallenges,youshouldbelieveyourcourageis__________makesadifference.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whatever
10.—Doyouhaveanyideaofrugby?
—Abosolutely.Itisasport______playersholdtheballandrunwithit.
A.whichB.whenC.whyD.where
11.Whatwasit_________causedthemodemnationstochangetheirmind_________theyshouldhelptopreservetheRoma’shistory?
A./;whyB.that;thatC.that;/D.what;that
12.WewenttotheLincolnMemorialyesterday,,notsurprisingly,wascrowdedwithvisitorsfromallovertheworld.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when
13.Itwastheveryplace_________thesoldiersfoughtoversixtyyearsago.?
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.there
14.Hardly______whenthebussuddenlypulledaway.
A.theyhadgottothebusstopB.theygottothebusstop
C.didtheygettothebusstopD.hadtheygottothebusstop
15.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced______tractorsin1998astheyearbefore.
A.asmanytwiceB.astwiceasmanyC.twiceasmanyD.twiceasmanyas
16.YoucanflytoUKthismorning_____youdon’tmindchangingplanesinHongKong.
A.becauseB.providedC.unlessD.sofaras
17.It’sthesameinChina---manypeople,_____somearenotoverweightatall,arealwaysgoingondiets
ortakingweight-losspills,______areoftendangerous.
A.whose;whichB.ofwhich;whoC.ofwhom;whichD.who;that
18.Is_________48hours_________theman-madesatellite_________ismadeinourcountrytoorbittheplanetaround?
A.it;that;whereB.it;when;thatC.itfor;thatittakes;thatD.it;thatittakes;which
19.Is_________48hours_________theman-madesatellite_________ismadeinourcountrytoorbittheplanetaround?
A.it;that;whereB.it;when;thatC.itfor;thatittakes;thatD.it;thatittakes;which
20._____occurredtomethatthemurderhappened____arainyday.
A.What;inB.What;onC.It;inD.It;on
21.Theoldmanhasasonandtwodaughters,______treatinghimwell,______makeshimsad.
A.noneofthem;whichB.andnoneofwhom;that
C.noneofwhom;whichD.andnoneofthem;that
22.Manyexpertsholdtheview____teachers’developmentis_____thekeytobettereducationlies.
A.which;whereB.which;whatC.that;whereD.that;which
23.WasitinDisneyland,______manycartooncharacterscanbeseen,______thefilmwasset?
A.that;whereB.that;whenC.inwhich;whereD.where;that
24.theworldeconomyisindifficulty,wecansee,thepeopleofChinaarefullofhope.
A.As;/B.Because;whichC.Though;asD.With;/
25.Thereason______beinglateforthemeetingwas______hislittlesonfellillthismorning.
A.for,thatB.why,thatC.for,becauseD.why,because
26._______shehadtimetorealizewhatwashappening,shewashitonthehead.
A.SinceB.BeforeC.WhenD.Until
27.Whatimpressesmemostis______heappearsinfrontofothers,hewearsasincereandcharmingsmile.
A.whatB.whichC.thatwhereD.thatwhenever
28.______IfailedinEnglishathirdtime,Ihadnodoubtaboutmygiftforforeignlanguages.
A.BythetimeB.UntilC.AfterD.Unless
29Inthepastfewyears,“MyHeartWillGoOn”wasapopularsongamongyoungpeople,__________wereoftenheardsingingitatparties.
A.whoB.whichC.theyD.that
30.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting______wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.高.
A.whetherB.thatC.whichD.what高.考.資.源.網(wǎng)
31.Facedwithtroubleordifficulty,apersontakeshelpthatisavailable.
A.whateverB.wheneverC.whereverD.however
32.____youhaveexpressedyourdetermination,youshouldactimmediately.
A.NowthatB.EventhoughC.InorderthatD.Until
33.You’dbettergivethetaskto_______youthinkcanfinishitaheadoftime.
A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.nomatterwho
34.—It’salongtime__________Isawyoulast.
—Yes,andwhatapityitisthatitwillbeanotheryear_______weseeeachotheragain.
A.before;sinceB.since;whenC.since;beforeD.when;before
35.Japanesescientistssaid“Ourdreamistocreate(clone)amammoth(猛犸),itisabigdream.”
A.sinceB.becauseC.thoughD.however
36.Thediseaseoutbreakhadinfected65peoplebylastMonday,19havedied.
A.withwhichB.ofwhomC.forwhomD.inwhich
37._________asmallnumberofAustraliansarebittenbyspiderseachyear,mostrecoverwithoutanymedicaltreatment.
A.WhileB.UnlessC.WhenD.Because
38.—WillyougotoMary’sbirthdayparty?
—No._____invited,Ican’tgo.I’llbetoobusythen.
A.IfB.UnlessC.EvenifD.When
39.annoyedhimmostwasthathehadreceivednoapology.
A.HowB.WhyC.WhatD.Which
40.—Doyouthinktheweatherwillbeallrightthissummer?
—No,_______we’relucky.Thenewspapersaysit’llbeveryhotanyway.
A.unlessB.ifC.thoughD.as
41.—WhenshallJanetreturntowork?
—_________shehastotallyrecovered.
A.IfB.SinceC.WhenD.Until
42.Hehadtoberemindedtwoorthreetimes________hecouldavoidmakingthesamemistake.
A.beforeB.whenC.untilD.as
43.IdontsayIamagainsttheirplan.Butthetroubleis___theydodoesntagreewithwhattheysay.高.考.資.源.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.ifwhatD.whatif
44.Itwasshortlyafterthatseriousaccidenthappened______allthepeopleinvolvedwerecaughtandquestioned.
A.sinceB.thatC.beforeD.when
45.Lucywashavingaholidaywithherfriendinanationalpark____shewasbittenonthefootbyasnake.
A.whileB.sinceC.onceD.when
46.____you’vetriedit,youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis.
A.UnlessB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.When
47.Thegameisnotverydifficultyouunderstandtheroles.
A.untilB.thoughC.onceD.unless
48.Theconferenceaimstodevelopbusinessandletpeoplethinkabout______theycanhaveapositiveinfluenceontheplanet.
A.whyB.thatC.whatD.how
49.Honestyisakindofqualityandthat’sittakestocommunicatewithotherssuccessfully.
A.whatB.whyC.howD.which
50.Itwasthetraining_______hehadatschool_______madehimgoodjumper.
A.what;whatB.that;thatC.what;thatD.that;what
1-5BBABB6-10CBCBD11-15BBCDC16-20BCDDD21-25ACDCA26-30BDBAA31-35AAACC36-40BACCA41-45CABBD46-50ACDAB