狀語從句高中教案
發(fā)表時間:2021-01-11語法講解:名詞性從句。
語法講解:名詞性從句
名詞性從句相當于名詞,可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此,名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。
一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
1.連接代詞:who,whose,whom,what,which.有詞義,在從句中擔任成分,如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。
2.連接副詞:when,where,why,how.有詞義,在從句中擔任成分,作狀語。
3.連接詞:that,whether,if,asif.that無詞義,在從句中不擔任成分,有時可省略;if(whether),asif雖有詞義,但在從句中不擔任成分。
注意:連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句,因而從句中謂語不用疑問式。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當句子成分,連接詞whether和if(是否),asif(好像)在從句中不充當句子成分,只起連接作用。根據(jù)句義,如果連接代詞與連接副詞,whether、if和asif都用不上時,才用that作連接詞(that本身無任何含義)。
二、主語從句
1.主語從句在復(fù)合句作主語。
e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.
2.用it作形式主語,主語從句放在句末。
e.g.Itdoesn‘tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.
3.that引導(dǎo)主語從句時,不能省略。
e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.
三、表語從句
1.表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語,位于系動詞之后。
e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.
2.引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞that有時可省去。
e.g.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.
四、賓語從句
1.賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略。
e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright.
2.介詞之后的賓語從句,不可用which或if連接,要分別用what或whether.
e.g.Iminterestedinwhetheryouvefinishedthework……
Iminterestedinwhatyouvesaid.
3.whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,常可互換。但下面情況不能互換。
(1)賓語從句是否定句時,只用if,不用whether.
e.g.Iwonderifitdoesntrain.
(2)用if會引起誤解,就要用whether.
e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易當成條件句理解)
(3)賓語從句中的whether與ornot直接連用,就不能換成if;不直接連用,可換。
e.g.Idontknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.
Idontknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.
(4)介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。whether可與不定式連用。whether也可引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句,還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,以上均不能換成if.但引導(dǎo)條件從句時,只能用if,而不能用whether.
e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.
Theydontknowwhethertogothere.
Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.
五、同位語從句
同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語,一般位于該名詞(如:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等)之后,說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。
e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.
擴展閱讀
高考英語名詞性從句語法復(fù)習(xí)
一名優(yōu)秀的教師在每次教學(xué)前有自己的事先計劃,作為高中教師就要早早地準備好適合的教案課件。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠在教學(xué)期間跟著互動起來,減輕高中教師們在教學(xué)時的教學(xué)壓力。高中教案的內(nèi)容要寫些什么更好呢?下面是小編幫大家編輯的《高考英語名詞性從句語法復(fù)習(xí)》,歡迎大家閱讀,希望對大家有所幫助。
高中英語語法之名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(NounClauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:
連詞:that(無任何詞意)whether,if(均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性)asif,asthough(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在從句中均不充當任何成分
連接代詞:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,whichever,whomever
連接副詞:when,where,how,why,howmany,howmuch,howoften
不可省略的連詞:
1.介詞后的連詞
2.引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.
比較:whether與if均為"是否"的意思。但在下列情況下,只可用whether:
1.whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首2.引導(dǎo)表語從句3.whether從句作介詞賓語4.從句后有"ornot"
Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.
大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以置于句末,用it充當形式主語。
Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.
二.主語從句
1、作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當從句的成分。例如:
Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我們說什么,還不清楚。
Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。
Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。
WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英語晚會將在哪里舉行,還沒有宣布。
有時為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首,而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下:
(1)It+be+名詞+that從句(2)It+be+形容詞+that從句(3)It+be+動詞的過去分詞+that從句(4)It+不及物動詞+that從句
另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…
2、第一部分:常規(guī)主語從句,即句子在復(fù)合句中充當一個主語
主語從句的時態(tài):不受主句的時態(tài)影響和限制。
(1)Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.
(2)Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.
(3)Whowillbeourmonitorhasntbeendecidedyet.
(4)Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.
(5)Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.
(6)Whateveryoudidisright.
(7)Whothewatchbelongstowaslostisunknown.
(8)Whatweneedistime.
(9)Whatweneedaregooddoctors.
小結(jié):(1)引導(dǎo)主語從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等(2)連詞位于句首不能省略(3)主語從句大多數(shù)情況下視為三單,但也有例外,如例9
第二部分:為了防止句子頭重腳輕,通常把形式主語it放在主語位置,真正主語擱置于句末
(1)Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.
(2)Itistruethathehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.
(3)Itisverylikelythattheywillholdameeting.
(4)Itisstrangethatheshoulddothat.
(5)Itisimportantthatweallshouldattendthemeeting.
(6)Itisstrangethatthemanshouldhavestucktohissillyideas.
(7)Itisapitythatwewontbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummervacation.
(8)Itisstillamysterywhatcausedtheaccident.
(9)Itissaidthathehasgonetoshanghai.(=Heissaidtohavegonetoshanghai)
(10)ItisknowntoallthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.
(11)Itissuggestedthattheworkshouldbedonewithgreatcare.
(12)Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.(=Heseemstohaveseenthefilm)
(13)Ithappenedthatthetwocheatswerethere.(=Thetwocheatshappenedtobethere)
小結(jié):(1)以that引出的主語從句,常以形式主語it引導(dǎo).Itis+形容詞/名詞/某些動詞ed+that從句.(2)在有些that從句中要用虛擬語氣(should+do/should+havedone)例句4,5,6,11.
3、主語從句的用法
主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1.It作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強調(diào)句的比較
It作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進行強調(diào),無論強調(diào)的是什么成分,都可用連詞that。被強調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.
2.用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)
(1)Itis+名詞+從句
Itisafactthat…事實是…Itisanhonorthat…非常榮幸
Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常識
(2)itis+形容詞+從句
Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…
(3)it+不及物動詞+從句
Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…
(4)itis+過去分詞+從句
Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已證實…
3.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況
(1)if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。
(2)Itissaid,(reported)…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.
(3)Ithappens…,Itoccurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.
(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.
(5)含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前。例如:
Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?
4.What與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時的區(qū)別
What引導(dǎo)主語從句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語.賓語.表語,而that則不然。例如:Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.
三、賓語從句
名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。
1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時,that在句中不擔任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如:
HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。
Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我們決不能認為自己什么都好,別人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后,賓語從句常用“(should)+動詞原形”。例如:
Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我堅持要她自己工作。
Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。
2.用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句,應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如:Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告訴了你什么。
Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。
Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要幫助的人,她都會給予熱情的支持。
3.用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時;b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時;c.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時;d.從句后有“ornot”時;e.后接動詞不定式時。例如:
Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?現(xiàn)在的問題是她是否應(yīng)該有一個低意見的測試?Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.我想知道他來還是不來。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?你能否告訴我是去還是留?
4.注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng),當主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時,從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況,而使用不同時態(tài)。例如:
hestudiesEnglisheveryday.(從句用一般現(xiàn)在時)
hestudiedEnglishlastterm.(從句用一般過去時)
Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.(從句用一般將來時)
hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時)
當主句動詞是過去時態(tài)(could,would除外),從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài),如一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時等;當從句表示的是客觀真理,科學(xué)原理,自然現(xiàn)象,則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如:TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.
5.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中,要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如?br>
Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我們認為你不在這。
Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不會這樣做。
6.時態(tài):1.主句用一般現(xiàn)在時,從句可用任意時態(tài)。2.主句用過去時,從句用過去某個時態(tài)。
3.主句用過去時,從句是客觀真理時,只用一般現(xiàn)在時。
7.賓語從句的連接詞
從屬連詞:連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句.
Hetoldmethathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear他告訴我他明年上大學(xué).
Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否還會有公交車.
Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.沒人知道他是否會通過考試.
連接代詞:連接代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問,但what,whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.
DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報的游戲?
ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.
這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.
Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?
你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?
連接副詞:連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面.
Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎?
Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.
沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.
8.動詞的賓語從句
大多數(shù)動詞都可以帶賓語從句
Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.
我們都預(yù)料他們會贏,因為他們的隊員更強壯.
Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthoughthewholework.
他告訴我們在整個工作中,他都會幫忙的.
部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句
Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了.
Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?
你能計算出這次旅行我們將花費多少錢嗎?
動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句
常見的這些詞有:makesure確保makeupone’smind下決心keepinmind牢記
Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.
在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤.
可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句
①動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的.
IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together. 我沒去聚會,感覺非常遺憾.
IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries. 我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.
Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.
我們都認為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要.
②有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it
這類動詞主要有:hate,take,owe,have,seeto.
Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話.
Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他會認為我們的計劃確實可行.
Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我們認為你會同意我們的.
Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.
開啟發(fā)動機時,一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.
③若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替
Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我們都認為你所說的是不可信的.
Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的.
9.介詞的賓語從句
用wh-類的介詞賓語從句
Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.
我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.
ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.
這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句
有時候except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.
對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.
10.形容詞的賓語從句
常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
IamsureIwillpasstheexam.我確信我會通過考試.
IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.很抱歉我這么長時間在打擾你.
HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.
他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他.
11.if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別
①if和whether在作“是否”解時,引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后,介詞后一般不用if②少數(shù)動詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.③whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.(如:Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能決定是否留下。)⑤避免歧異時,我們常用whether而不用if.
12.哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that
1.當that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時;2.當賓語從句較長時;3.當主語狀語置于主句尾,賓語從句之前時;4.當主語謂語動詞(包括非謂語動詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時;5.當一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時,此時第一個that可以省略,第二個that不可以省略;6.當賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時;7.當賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時;當賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時;8.當主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時;9.當賓語從句有it做其先行詞時;10.在直接引語中,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時.
13.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.
Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能說成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.
我認為他不會來我的舞會.
Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?
我認為那個人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?
如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.
Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細聽老師講課,是不是?
14.賓語從句的時態(tài)和語序
當主句為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,賓語從句的時態(tài)一般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響.
當主句為過去時
①從句用一般過去時或過去進行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生
Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhewasin.
我只知道他當時在西方的一個國家讀書,可不知道是哪個國家.
HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.
他問我他進來的時候我是否正在讀老人與海.
②從句過去完成時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前
HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.
他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會議的事情告訴的了Mary.
③從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后
Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.
記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.
如果從句是一個客觀真理,那么從句的時態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)而變化
Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.
老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn).
當賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時,不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首
Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?
你認為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手.
四、表語從句
1、在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語從句位于連系動詞后,有時用asif引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+系動詞+that從句。例如:
Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事實是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。
That’sjustwhatIwant.這正是我想要的。
Thisiswhereourproblemlies.這就是我們的問題所在。
Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他為什么不到會的原因。
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,當主語是reason時,表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如:
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.
whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句,但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。
2、簡介
定義:A表語從句就是用一個句子作為表語。說明主語是什么或者怎么[1]樣,由名詞、形容詞或相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當,和連系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。
Theproblemispuzzling.這問題令人困惑
主語連系動詞形容詞作表語
Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.問題是什么時候我們可以得到加薪.
主語連系動詞一個句子作表語---表語從句
B連接表語從句的連接詞有:that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how.
Hehasbecomeateacher.他已經(jīng)成為一名教師。
Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.他已經(jīng)成為了他10年前想成為的。
Shehasremainedthereforanhour.她曾在那里停留了一個小時。
ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一個小時。
Hissuggestionisgood.他的建議是好的。
Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.他的建議是,我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜。
Thequestionisconfusing.這個問題令人困惑.
Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.問題是,他什么時候可以到達酒店。
whowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.誰與我明天將前往北京。
whyhecriedyesterday.昨天他為什么哭。
howIcanpersuadehertojoinusintheparty.我怎么能說服她加入我們的派對。
whethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.是否敵人正向我們行進.
注意:
A表語從句一定要用陳述語序。
False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.
Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.
B不可以用if,而用whether連接表語從句(asif例外)。
引導(dǎo)賓語從句時可以互換if/whether位于介詞后要用whether
位于句首時要用whether
引導(dǎo)表語從句,主語從句,同位語從句時要用whether
False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.
C不像賓語從句,在有表語從句的復(fù)合句中,主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致。
Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.
Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.
Dthat在表語從句中不可以省掉。
3、基本用法
表語從句只能置于主句之后,而主句的動詞只能是聯(lián)系動詞。
名詞性從句在be等系動詞后作表語時被稱為表語從句,例如:Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.問題是我們怎樣能弄到我們需要的東西。(how在表語從句中充當方式狀語)//ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.這把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what在表語從句中充當賓語)//WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本。(what在主語從句中作直接賓語,that作為表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語從句中不充當句子成分,不能省略)//ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要對你講的。(what在表語從句中充當直接賓語)//Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why在表語從句中充當原因狀語)
注意:“Thatiswhy...”是常用句型,意為“這就是……的原因/因此……”,其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語,該句型通常用于針對前面已經(jīng)說明過的原因進行總結(jié),又如:Thatiswhyyouseethisoldwomanbeforeyouknow,Jeanne.珍妮,這就是現(xiàn)在這個老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne對老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異,說話人對她講述了其中的原因之后,用這一句來進行概括)。//ThatiswhyIcame.這就是我來的原因。
下面是兩個與“Thatiswhy...”形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu),它們與“Thatiswhy...”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚:
(1)“Thatiswhy...”與“Thatisthereasonwhy...”同義,只不過從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講,“Thatisthereasonwhy...”中why引導(dǎo)的是—個定語從句,將其中的thereason去掉則與“Thatiswhy...”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,例如:Thatis(thereason)whyIcannotagree.這就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“Thatisbecause...”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語,這也是個常用句型,意為“這就是為什么……/因為……”?!癟hatisbecause...”與“Thatiswhy...”之間的不同在于“Thatisbecause...”指原因或理由,“Thatiswhy...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果,例如:Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影,那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業(yè)。(第一句話說明結(jié)果,第二句話說明原因)
Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前曾看過那部電影,因此他昨天晚上沒有去看。(第一句話說明原因,第二句話說明結(jié)果)
五、同位語從句
1、同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo),可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。
Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么時候回來。
ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。
同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別:
that作為關(guān)系代詞,可以引導(dǎo)定語從句,充當句子成分,在從句中作賓語時可以省略;that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時,起連詞的作用,沒有實際意義,不充當句子成分,一般不能省略。
試比較下面兩個例句:
Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,不能省略)
Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?(that引導(dǎo)定語從句,作賓語,可以省略)
2、簡介
同位語部分是個句子,就是同位語從句,這種用法比較"固定",把關(guān)鍵的幾個詞背下來.
一、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。如:
Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。
Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.我不知道你在這里。
二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。如:
I’vecomefromMrwangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我從王先生那里來,他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。
三、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞that,whether,連接副詞how,when,where等。(注:if,which不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。)如:
lhavenoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么時候回來。
Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.
他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。
四、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開。如:
Severalyearslater,wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.
幾年以后,有消息傳來說拿破侖要親自視察他們。
Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.
他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。
六、名詞性that-從句
1)由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔任任何成分,本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語,例如:
主語:Thatsheisstillaliveisherluck. 他還活著全靠運氣。
賓語:JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。
表語:Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently. 事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。
同位語:Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.
近來誰也沒有見過他,這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。
形容詞賓語:Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.你對工作滿意我感到很高興。
2)That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞,而將that-從句置于句末,例如:
Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure. 很清楚,整個計劃注定要失敗。
Itsapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系:
a.It+be+形容詞+that-從句
Itisnecessarythat… 有必要……Itisimportantthat… 重要的是……
Itisobviousthat… 很明顯……
b.It+be+-ed分詞+that-從句
Itisbelievedthat… 人們相信……Itisknowntoallthat… 眾所周知……
Ithasbeendecidedthat… 已決定……
c.It+be+名詞+that-從句
Itiscommonknowledgethat… ……是常識Itisasurprisethat… 令人驚奇的是……
Itisafactthat… 事實是……
d.It+不及物動詞+that-從句
Itappearsthat… 似乎……Ithappensthat… 碰巧……
Itoccurredtomethat… 我突然想起……
七、名詞性wh-從句
1)由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who,whom,.whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等連接代詞和where,when,how,why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外,還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等,例如:
主語:Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor. 書銷售如何取決于作者本人。
直接賓語:Inonesownhomeonecandowhatonelikes. 在自己家里可以隨心所欲。
間接賓語:Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize. 俱樂部將給得勝者設(shè)獎。
表語:MyquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation. 我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。
賓語補足語:Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位語: Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn. 我不知道他什么時候回來。
形容詞賓語:Imnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請。
介詞賓語: Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.
那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?br>
2)Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語,而將wh-從句置于句末,例如:
Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob. 還沒決定誰做這項工作。
Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried. 他們何時結(jié)婚依然不明。
八、if,whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句
1)yes-no型疑問從句
從屬連詞if,whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的,因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句,其功能和wh-從句的功能相同,例如:
主語:Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.這一計劃是否可行還有等證實。
賓語:Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday. 請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。
表語:Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney. 問題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢給他。
同位語:Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy. 他們調(diào)查他是否值得信賴。
形容詞賓語:Shesdoubtfulwhetherweshallbeabletocome. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。
介詞賓語:Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness. 我擔心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。
2)選擇性疑問從句
選擇性疑問從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whether…or或whether…ornot構(gòu)成,例如:
Pleasetellmewhether/iftheyareSwedishorDanish.請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。
Idontcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。
if和whether的區(qū)別:
1、在動詞不定式之前只能用whether。如:
例8Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能決定是否留下。
2、在whether……ornot的固定搭配中。如:
例9Iwanttoknowwhetherit’sgoodnewsornot.我想知道是否是好消息。
3、在介詞后,只能用whether。如:
例10Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhelosehiswork.他的父親擔心是否會失去工作。
4、賓語從句放在句首表示強調(diào)時,只能用whether。如:
Whetherthisistrueornot,Ireallydon’tknow.這是否真的,我真的不知道。
(例11Whethertheycanfinishtheworkontimeisstillaproblem.他們是否能準時完成這項工作還是個問題。--此例為主語從句,有誤,感謝指出)
5、用if會引起歧義時,只用whether。如:
例12Couldyoutellmeifyouknowtheanswer?
這句話有兩種意思:“你能告訴我是否知道答案嗎?”或“如果你知道答案,請告訴我,好嗎?”。如用whether可避免歧義.
九、否定轉(zhuǎn)移
1)將think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。
IdontthinkIknowyou. 我想我并不認識你。
Idontbelievehewillcome. 我相信他不回來。
注意:若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。
Ihopeyouwerentill.我想你沒有生病吧。
2)將seem,appear等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。
Itdoesntseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看來他們不知道往哪去。
Itdoesntappearthatwellhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。
3)有時將動名詞,介詞短語或整個從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷χ^語動詞的否定。
Idontrememberhavingeverseensuchaman.
我記得從未見過這樣一個人。(not否定動名詞短語having…)
Itsnotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.
在這里,人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。(anyone作主語,從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。)
4)有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動詞前。
Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone. (否定狀語) 螞蟻不只是為自己采食。
HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.(否定because狀語)他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何,就輕信此事。
Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatmansyoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty. (否定狀語manyweeks) 她結(jié)婚還不到幾個月,這個人的弟弟就看見她了,并對她的美貌著了迷。
十、高考熱點透視
1.___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
答案D。當名詞從句在句中作主語時,為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用it作形式主語置于句首,而將真正的主語從句放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用,本身無實義。此句也可以改寫為:ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.
2.Acomputercanonlydo____youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)
A.howB.a(chǎn)fterC.whatD.when
答案C。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子的空白處應(yīng)該填引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞,做主句謂語動詞do的賓語,同時該連接詞還是從句中的do的賓語,因此,此處的連接詞應(yīng)該用what。
3.Heasked____foraviolin.(MET1992)
A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
答案:D。賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句,句子語序要用陳述語序。
4.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.(上海2001年春季招生)
A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why
答案C。這是一個表語從句。根據(jù)doubt一詞可知,所懷疑的應(yīng)是是否能治好病,所以要填whether。這句話的意思是“醫(yī)生真的懷疑我媽媽是否能很快從重病中恢復(fù)過來?!?br>
5.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants.(NMET1997)
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
答案B。根據(jù)句意“一般認為孩子要什么就給什么是不好的?!笨梢钥闯龊竺娴膹木鋺?yīng)是一個賓語從句,而從句中wants缺少賓語,A.however和D.whenever是不能作賓語的;排除A和D,whichever表示“無論哪一個,無論哪些”,應(yīng)表示一定范圍內(nèi)的人或物,此處沒有涉及事物的范圍,所以應(yīng)選B.whatever,表示“無論什么”。
6.______leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.(MET1988)
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
答案C。本題句子的意思是:無論誰最后離開房間一定要把燈關(guān)掉。本題考查連接代詞whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,連接代詞whoever可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,并在從句中作主語,相當于anypersonwho或Thepersonwho,意為“一切……的人”。而anyone和theperson均非連詞,不能引導(dǎo)從句,況wholeavestheroomlast意為“某個最后離開房間的人”,與題意不符,如果要選A.Anyone或B.Theperson,都必須在它們后面再加上引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who。如果要選D.Who就體現(xiàn)不出“無論誰”的含義了。
7.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.(Shanghai1995)
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
答案為C。本題句子的意思是:Sarah希望跟自己有共同愛好的人交朋友。疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與nomatter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別是:前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;后者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。首先排除A和D,從句中需要的是主語,所以whomever也不行。
8.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
----Isthat______youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)
A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where
答案A。根據(jù)語境,甲說上周驅(qū)車去珠海觀看航模展覽。乙據(jù)此來詢問甲這是否是請幾天假的原因,故答案是A。答案B,C,D均與該題語境不符。根據(jù)上句提供的語境,下句應(yīng)該問“那就是你為什么離開幾天的原因嗎?”
9.Istillremember______thisusedtobeaquietvillage.(NMET1993)
A.whenB.howC.whereD.what
答案A。根據(jù)從句中缺少的句子成分是狀語,排除D.what,而答案C,D均與題意不符,所以應(yīng)選A.when。usedtobe表示一種過去存在的狀態(tài),本句的意思是“我仍然記得這里在什么時候是個寧靜的地方?!?br>
10.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter____itwas?(2001春季招生)
A.whereB.whatC.howD.which
答案D。這是一個主語從句。主語從句中缺少表語。從上句的意思分析,應(yīng)是哪本書,所以要填which,這句話的意思是“我在某本書中讀到過有關(guān)這方面的內(nèi)容,是哪一本書重要嗎?”。
11.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.
A.whileB.thatCwhenD.as(2001年上海)
答案B。該題考查that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo),接在fact,news,promise,possibility,information,doubt,message名詞后,用來解釋或說明名詞的內(nèi)容。
12.—Ithinkitisgoingtobeabigproblem.—Yes,itcouldbe.
—Iwonder______wecandoaboutit.(北京2002春季)
A、ifB、howC、whatD、that
答案C。本題考察名詞性從句的連接詞的用法。wonder后面應(yīng)跟賓語從句,而從句中的謂語動詞do是及物動詞,可見從句缺少一個代替賓語的成分,我們可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that,再排除引導(dǎo)方式狀語的how,答案是C,句子的意思是“我們能就此做些什么”。
十一、專項考點練習(xí)
1.________thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest.
A.ItissaidB.TheyaresaidC.ItsaidD.Itsays
答案A:句型Itissaidthat+主語從句。類似的還有Itisbelievedthat……etc
2._____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.
A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
答案A:觀察此從句中缺少主語,而能在主語從句中即充當主語成分又引導(dǎo)的就只有what了
3.ItworriedMaryalot_____shewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination.
A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how
4.Shanghaihastakenonanewlook.Itisn’tlike_____itusedtobe.
A.whatB.howC.thatD.which
5.____isnopossibility______Bobwillwinthefirstprizeinthematch.
A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,whether
6.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster____hehaddonethedaybefore.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.where
7.Theoldmansmiledwhenhesawhowpretty_____uptobeduringthepastfewyears.
A.hadhisdaughtergrownB.wouldhisdaughtergrow
C.hisdaughterwouldgrowD.hisdaughterhadgrown
8.HaveyouseenMarylately?Mybosswantstoknow_______.
A.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalong
C.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong
9.____surprisedmemostwas_____suchalittlegirlofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.
A.That;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.What;what
10.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo______Icantosavethem.
A.whateverB.whichC.thatD.whichever
11._____helpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Theperson
12.Eat_____youlikeandleavetheothersfor_____comesinlate.
A.any;whoB.every;whoeverC.whichever;whoeverD.either;whoever
13.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas_____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;whyB.That;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that
14.Itwas____hesaid___disappointedme.
A.What;thatB.That;thatC.What;whatD.That;what
15.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers_______tothefront.
A.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.mustgo
16.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin______,but_______.
A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegive
C.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;thatwegive
17.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion_______.
A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istobeputoff
18.Goandgetyourcoat.Its____youleftit.
A.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere
19.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
20.Youcan’timagine______whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
Keys:1---5AAAAA6---10CDABA11----15CCAAC16---20BAACB
名詞性從句練習(xí)(一)
1.Hissuccesswasbecauseof________hehadbeenworkinghard.
A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact
2."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity""Idontknow_______."
A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecome
C.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrom
3.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever
4.ThereasonwhyIdidntgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.
A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgot
5.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
6.Henrykilledthedog.Illaskhimwhy________.
A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdoneso
7.HaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow________.
A.howheisgettingalongB.howishegettingalong
C.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettingalong
8.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
9.Heaskedme________withme.
A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitis
10.Iamsure________hesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhat
11.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.
A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee
12.Iwonderhowmuch________.
A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcosts
13.Maryis________someonemightrecognizeher.
A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidfor
14.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.
A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.Owingtoafewminuteslate
C.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate
15.Theycametotheconclusion________byacomputer.
A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedone
C.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedone
16.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.
A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that
17.Idontdoubt________hellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether
18."Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang""Well,Iforget_______Iwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit
19.Outputisnowsixtimes________itwasbeforeliberation.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhich
20.Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshesnowbuyingabighouse.
Carol:Yes.Becauseshesalwayssaved________.
A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearns
21._______surprisedmemostwas________suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...which
22.Wegavehim________helpwecould.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this
23.Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimand________youhavetoldhim.
A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthat
24.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________
A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceB.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheld
C.whenisthesportsmeettobeginD.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace
25.Doyouhappentoknow________
A.whatsizeshoeshewearsB.howbigshoeshewears
C.whatisthesizeofhisshoesD.whatnumbershoesarehis
26.Thisbookwillshowyou________canbeusedinothercontexts.
A.howyouhaveobservedB.howwhatyouhaveobserved
C.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved
27.Wheredoyouthink________
A.hashegoneB.hashebeenC.hesgoneD.washe
28.Doyouknow________
A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworldB.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworld
C.howmanythepopulationoftheworldisD.whatthepopulationoftheworldis
29.Wouldyougoandsee________outsideA.whattotakeplaceB.whatTomhashappenedC.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeen
30.Thesubjectof"WhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim."is_______.
A.whatB.interestingC.WhatisinterestingD.I
31.________IthinkheisCharles.
A.WhodoyouthinkheisB.Doyouthinkwhoheis
C.WhomdoyouthinkheisD.Doyouthinkwhoheis
32.Hedidntknowwhichroom________.
A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein
33.Thelittleboyate________hismothergavehim.
A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.nomatterwhat
34.Thecityisnolonger________.
A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe
35.Myparentsused________theyhadtogetanewcarforme.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.allwhat
36.______wegoswimmingeveryday_____usalotofgood.
A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...does
37.________wastheidea_______thewifethoughtof
A.What...thatB.That...whatC.How...whyD.Why...how
38._______didhetellhiswife________hewishedtodo
A.That...whatB.What...thatC.Where...whichD.Which...where
39.Oneofthemenheldtheview________thebooksaidwasright.
A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat
40.Ihavenoidea________ornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which
41."Doyouknow________""Hisfatherisadoctor."
A.whatishisfatherB.whoishisfatherC.whathisfatherisD.whohisfatheris
42.Isthis________wemeteachothertwoyearsago
A.placeB.placeinwhichC.whereD.placewhich
43.It________Bobdrivesbadly.
A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat
44.Weallknowthetruth________thereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.
A.whereB.whereverC.thatD.thatwherever
45.Theydiscussed_______theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothershelp.
A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whether
46.Sheasked________.
A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupB.whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeup
C.whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoingD.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing
47.-MayIborrowthering-Youcantake_______youlike.
A.nomatterwhatB.whichC.whicheverD.that
48.Hesaidthathewasfondof________.
A.whatbeautifulisB.whatisbeautifulC.beautifuliswhatD.whatitisbeautiful
49.Heinsistedthathe________ingoodhealthand_______toworkthere.
A.was,besentB.is,issentC.be,wassentD.be,send
50.Doyouknow________heexpectswillgiveusatalkA.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose
51.Itsuncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how
52.Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterday_________itwasaholiday.
A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butfor
53.________istodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.
A.WhicheverishardB.NomatterwhatishardC.WhatishardD.Allwhatishard
54.________theboydidnttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.
A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which
55.Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestion________forawalkinthepark.
A.wegoB.wewillgoC.shouldwegoD.thatwego
56.____wecantgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.
A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what
57.____youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
58.Youcantimagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
59.____wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
60________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.
A.What…thatB.That…whatC.Why…thatD.If…what
61._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.
A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who
62._______wellfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.
A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That
63._______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrowsmeeting.
A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What
64._______hewontgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This
65._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether
66._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody
67._______teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.
A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How
68.Threedayslater,wordcame________ourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.
A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where
69.Theproblemis________willgotothemeeting.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.who
70.Itlooks_______itweregoingtorain.A.evenifB.asifC.eventhoughD.like
71.Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how
72.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why
73.Wethought_______strangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.what
74.Thefact_______shehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how
75.WhatImconsideringnow_________themoneyweneed.A.isB.areC.wereD.was
76.Canyoutellme__________A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman
77.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
78.Itiswellknown_________apersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.
A.thatwhat,when,andhowB.thatC.whatD.how
79.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such
80.Jackwassoontold________hedidwasnotnecessary.
A.whyB.thatC.howD.whywhat
81.Weshouldthinkcarefullyabout________Mr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.X
82.Canyoupointout________tworadiosarethebestA.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether
83.Youwilleasilyknow________videorecorders(錄相機)arethesame.
A.whatthoseB.thatofthoseC.thatallofD.whichofthose
84.________youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesntmatter.
A.IfB.WhetherC.WhatD.When
85.IaskedherinEnglish________shewas,andshetoldme________shewasanactress.
A.who…thatB.who…XC.what…XD.how…that
86.Shetookitforgranted________Idbebackhomeanhourago.
A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when
87.Wethinkitpossible________thelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvethehousingproblem.
A.forB.thatC.whenD.how
88.Nowthereisadanger________thegroundmayfallin(沉下)undertheheavytraffic.
A.whetherB.ifC.XD.that
89.AtthattimeIhadnoidea________Icouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.
A.ifB.howC.whichD.thathow
90.LastSundayhepromised________today,buthehasntappearedyet.A.thathewouldcomeB.thathewillcomeC.hewillcometoseemeD.whetherhewouldcome
91.LastSundayhemadeapromise________hewasfreehewouldtakemetoQingdao.
A.ifB.thatC.thatifD.whether
92.Doyouhaveanyidea________
A.whenMissSmithwillarriveB.whenwillMissSmitharrive
C.howwillMissSmitharriveD.whyhasntMissSmitharrived
93.Ihavealmostforgotten________.
A.howMr.TaylorslikeB.whatMr.Taylorsfaceislike
C.whatMr.TaylorsfaceisD.whichMr.Taylorsfaceislike
94.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin________,but________.
A.howyouget…thatyougiveB.whichyougotwhatyougive
C.whatyouget…whatyougiveD.whatdoyouget…whatdoyougive
95.Doyouknow________
A.whatisthisusedforB.whatthisisusedforC.whichthisisusedD.thatthisisusedfor
96.________surprisedmemostwas________.
A.That…thatshespokeJapanesesowellB.What…h(huán)owcouldshespeakJapanesesowell
C.What…thatshespokeJapanesesowellD.That…whyshecouldspeakJapanesesowell
97.________istodance.
A.ThatinterestsMaryreallyB.WhichreallyinterestsMary.
C.WhatreallyinterestsMaryD.WhatreallyinterestMary
98.Weweregreatlyamusedby________.
A.whatyouhavetoldusB.whichyouhadtoldusC.whatyoutoldusD.thatyoutoldus
99.Thesecomputersaredifferentfrom________.
A.thatweexpectedB.whatweexpectedC.whichwehaveexpectedD.whatweexpect
100.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.
A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpected
C.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected
答案:
1-5.CDCDB6-10.BABCD11-15.ADCCA16-20.DABCA21-25.BBDDA26-30.BCDCC31-35.ABCDC36-40.DABBC41-45.CCDDD46-50.ACBAA51-55.CCCAD56-60.ACBBA61-65DABCD66-70CACDB71-75CBBCA76-80CCCCD81-85BADBC86-90ABDBA91-95CABCB96-100CCCBD
名詞性從句練習(xí)(二)
1.____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If
2.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____
A.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeabout
C.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout
3.Energyis____makesthingwork..A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that
4.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as
5.Thisis___theshenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when
6.Theyhavenoideaatall____.
A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone
7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatientsfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat
8.Theordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.
A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave
9.___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.
A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether
10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.
A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if
11.Is_____hesaidreallytrueA.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether
12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesntmatter.
A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where
13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for
14.____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.
A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If
15.____hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If
16.____youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How
17.____alltheinventionshaveincommonis____theyhavesucceeded.
A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what
18.____appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That
19.Itiswidely______thatsmokingcancausecancer.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped
20.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
21.____healwaysservesthepeopleverywellisknown.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Who
22.____haspassedthetestwillgetaprize.
A.WhoeverB.NomaterwhoC.WhomeverD.Who
23.Is____truethatthefamousscientistwillgiveusalecturenextweekAthatBitChisDhe
24.Ithasnotbeendecided___theywillleaveforNewYork.A.whenBwhyCthatDwhat
25.Obviously___wedomorningexerciseseveryday__usgood.
A.thatdoB.if;doCwhat;doesD.that;dose
26Itissaid________wasall___hesaid.
Athat;that;thatBwhat;what;whatCthat;which;whatDthat;that;which
27___getshomefirstistocookthesupper.
A.WhoBWhomC.ThosewhoD.Whoever
28___movedusmostwas___helikedaftertheoldmanformorethantwentyyears.
A.That;thatB.What;thatCWhat;whatD.That;what
29.___youdiditisnotknowntoall.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Which
30.___youdoshouldbewelldone.AHowB.ThatC.WhateverDWhy
31.ThereasonIplantogois___shewillbedisappointedifIdont.
A.becauseB.thatC.thankstoD.what
32.Whattimedoyouthink__
A.willTomcomebackB.TomwillcomebackC.isTomcomingbackD.canTomgethere
33.Theteachersaidthatlight___fasterthansound.
A.HastraveledB.traveledC.hadtraveledD.travels
34..___isstillaquestion___willwin.A.It;thatB.It;whoC.That;whoD.This;that
35.Ifyouknow___itwasthatwriteATaleofTwoCities,raiseyourhand.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.that
36.Insomecountries,___arecalled"publicschools"arenotownedbythestate.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.what
37.Thinking___youknow___infactyoudontisaterriblemistake.
A.that;thatB.what;whatC.that;whatD.whatthat
38.Whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjust___worriesthepublic.
A.whyB.whichC.thatD.what
39.Whydontyoubring___tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit
A.thatB.whatC.thatD.it
40.___DavidsayssoundsrighttoHelen.Thatswhyshehasmadeuphermindtoleavewithhim___happens.
A.whatever;whateverB.Nomatterwhat;whatever
C.Nomatterwhat;NomatterwhatD.Whatever;however
41.Thatis___Iwasbornandgrewup.A.ThereB.inwhichC.whereD.theplace
42.___shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD.Because
43.___wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Whether
44.---Haveyoufoundyourbookyet---No,Imnotsure___Icouldhaveleftit.
A.whetherB.whereC.whenD.why
45.Thedoctorcouldntanswerthequestion___thepatientcouldsurvivethatnight.
A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what
46.Ifirmlybelieve___hesaidatthemeetingwasright.
A.thatB.whichC.thatwhatD.whatthat
47.---Whatwereyoutryingtoprovetothepolice---___Iwaslastnight.
A.ThatB.WhenC.WhereD.What
48.Ithink,thoughIcouldbemistaken,__helikedme.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what
49.Atthemeeting,wediscussed___weshouldemploymoreworkers.
A.ifB.whetherC.thatD./
50.After___seemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.A.whichB.itC.whatD.that
51.___hasagoodeducationcanapplyforthejob.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever
52.___ishardistodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.
A.HeB.ItC.ThatD.What
53.___worriesmeis___weregoingtopayforallthis.
A.It;thatB.That;howC.What;howD.As;that
54.___issaidthatpaperwasinventedinChina.A.AsB.WhichC.ItD.That
55.Manypeoplethoughtlittleofme,butIdidwhat___.
A.IthoughtIwasrightB.IthoughtitwasrightC.IthoughtwasrightD.Iwasthoughtrighty
56.Themanagerhasdecidedtoput___hethinkisenergetic,clever,andhasgoodsenseofduty
inthepositionoftheleadershipofthecompany.
A.thosewhoB.anyoneC.whomeverD.whoever
57.ScientistsbelievenativeAmericansarrivedbycrossingthelandbridgethatconnectedSiberia
and___moretan10,000yearsago.
A.thisisAlaskaB.AlaskaisnowAlaskaC.isnowAlaskaD.whatisnowAlaska
58.Pleasetellme___youwouldliketohaveyourcoffee---blackorwhite
A.whatB.whereC.whichD.how
59.Mymotherasked___withme.
A.whatwasthewrongB.whatthematterwasC.whatmatterwasD.whatwasthematter
60.Someofthescientistsheldthepoint___thebooksaidwasright.
A.whatwhatB.whatwhatC.thatthatD.thatwhat
答案:
1-5ABABC6-10AABAC11-15BBCAB16-20BCBAA21-25BABAD26-30ADBCC31-35BBDBC36-40DCDDA41-45CBBBC46-50CCCBC51-55BDCCC56-60DDDDD
名詞性從句
知識掃描
復(fù)合句中具有名詞性質(zhì)并且可以做主語、表語、同位語或賓語的從句叫名詞性從句。因此,我們把主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和賓語從句這四種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。
高考熱點
1)怎樣判斷名詞性從句的類別;
2)連詞that和what的用法與選擇
3)if與whether的區(qū)別
4)同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
5)名詞性從句必須采用的陳述語序
6)it可充當形式主語和形式賓語
7)疑問詞+-ever的連詞和不加-ever的連詞在語義上的用法和差別
核心解讀一
1、在名詞性從句中,從句都用陳述語序。
2、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)詞可以分為以下幾類:
1)從屬連詞that(用于表示肯定的含義),whether,if(表示疑問),這三個詞只起連接作用,不充當從句中的任何成分,除賓語從句外(that可?。?這些詞均不可省略。
2)連接代詞有who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等。這些詞在從句中既起連接作用,又充當從句中的成分,如主語、賓語、表語、補語,且不可省略。
3)連接副詞有when,where,why,how,wherever,however等。它們既起連詞作用,本身又做從句中的狀語。
3、名詞性從句中的時態(tài)一致問題
1)在賓語從句中,當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時、將來時或現(xiàn)在完成時,起從句的謂語根據(jù)需要用適當?shù)臅r態(tài)。當主句是一般過去時,從句用過去的某個時態(tài),但若賓語從句表示客觀真理,格言,諺語等,從句的時態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。
Haveyoutoldhimthatwhenwearetoleave?
TeachertoldusthatChinaliesinthewestofJapan.
Althoughshewaslistening,shedidn’thearwhathewassayingbecausetherewassomuchnoise.
2)在主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句中,應(yīng)注意主語從句中的謂語動詞的時態(tài)一致性及動作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系。
4、語氣
在名詞性從句中,謂語動詞根據(jù)需要可以用虛擬語氣。起從句的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形,should可以省略。
核心解讀二:主語從句
1.Whether與if
Whether可以引導(dǎo)主語從句置于句首,而if不放在句首。
特別提醒:
1)if可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,而Whether不可,若賓語從句為否定句,則用if。
Idon’tcareifhewon’tcome.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgo.
2)類似下面的句子也用that.
Thereisnodoubtthathewillcome.
Itwasneverdoubtfulthathewouldhelpus.
3)下面情況下多用whether。
(1)在表語從句或同位語從句中。
(2)賓語從句置于主句前(即前置以示強調(diào))
(3)賓語從句做介賓(含discuss的賓語)
(4)后面緊跟ornot或動詞不定式
(5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
(6)引導(dǎo)賓語從句可能產(chǎn)生歧義時
例1
Hedoesn’tknow_____tostayornot.
A.whetherB.ifC.eitherD.ifhewill
[Key]A
[點撥]后面有動詞不定式和ornot。
例2
Idon’tthinkthequestionof_____theyareoldoryoungisimportant.
A.whichB.whetherC.howD.why
[Key]B
[點撥]賓語從句做介賓
2.That與what
在名詞性從句中,thatb不充當句子成分,僅起連接作用,也無意義,而what可充當主語、賓語、表語等,起含義為“……的事(東西)”。
Hasitbeendecidedthattheartistwillattendthemeeting?
WhatthechildrenlooksforwardtomostwastheNewYear’scoming?
例3
_____fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturedifferencesfromoneaspect.
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which
[Key]Bthat
[點撥]不做成分,但引導(dǎo)的是主語從句,所以不能省略。
例4
_____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.
A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
[Key]A
[點撥]what在句子中做主語。
3.主語從句可用形式主語it代替,置于句首,而將真整的主語即主語從句放在后面。但what,whatever和whoever引導(dǎo)的主語從句不用it代替。
Itiscertainthatshewillbelate.
例5
Itisprettywellunderstand_____controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
[Key]C
[點撥]It為形式主語,what引導(dǎo)的句子做真正的主語。
例6
Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggrey.
A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for
[Key]C
[點撥]It為形式主語,而真正的主語是有that引導(dǎo)的從句。
特別提醒:
1)主語從句的that在口語或非正式文體中如果不在句首可以省略,但that從句位于句首時決不能省略。
It’sapity(that)youareleaving.
Itiscertain(that)shewilldowellintheEnglishexam.
2)主語從句除了that外,還可以用where,whether,when,why等詞引導(dǎo)。
Itdoesn’tmatterwhethertheywillcomeornot.
Ithasnotbeenyetdecidedwhowillspeakatthemeeting.
4.who與whoever
whoever意思為“凡……者”相當于anyonewho+定語從句。它既可作主句的主語,又可作從句的主語,強調(diào)人。而who引導(dǎo)主語從句,只在從句中作主語,強調(diào)事。
Whoeverismoreorlessadvancedcanpassthetext.
Iwillgivethisdictionarytowhoeverwinthegames.
例7
_____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.whoeverD.Whom
[Key]C
[點撥]whoever=anyonewho
例8
Tomhopestobecomeafriendof_____sharesherinterests.
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
[Key]C
[點撥]whoever引導(dǎo)的句子做介賓而nomatterwho不引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
例9
Itwasamatterof_____wouldtaketheposition.
A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever
[Key]A
[點撥]省略
5.主語從句不可位于句首的四種情況.
(1)Itissaid,(reported)…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。
例如:
ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.(Right)
ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(Wrong)
(2)Ithappens…,itoccurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。
例如:
Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(Right)
Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(Wrong)
(3)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。
例如:
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(Right)
(4)含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前。
例如:
Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(Right)
Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?(Wrong)
核心解讀三賓語從句
賓語從句多做及物動詞的、介詞的賓語。
1.語序用陳述語序
例10
Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_____.
A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitDwhoitis
[點撥]作動詞see的賓語從句要用陳述語序,當無法區(qū)別男女時,用it作主語。
特別提示:
1)特殊疑問詞做主語時,次序不再變化。
Pleasetelluswhowillgiveusatalkthisweekend!
2)賓語從句的標點符號由主語來決定。
Don’tyouthinkthatthelightintheroomistoodark?
2)在賓語從句中不能用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來,也不能用一般過去時表將來。
3)在doubt的否定句中,doubt后的賓語從句用that,在doubt的肯定句中用Whether或if均可。
Wedon’tdoubtthathewillsucceedintheresearchwork.
Idoubtif/whetheritistrue.
Wedon’tdoubtthathecandoagoodjobofit.
例11
Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____officesoon.
A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.leftD.hadleft
[Key]B
[點撥]本句子是過去時間,soon的出現(xiàn)就是表示過去將來。干擾項答案A以一般現(xiàn)在實施表示將來時,是適用于條件狀語從句,故不正確!
3.連接詞的選用關(guān)鍵要理解、弄清楚各自的含義和在句子中做的成分。
例12
Iremember_____thisusedtobeaquietvillage.
A.whenB.howC.whereD.what
[Key]A
[點撥]本題考查賓語從句的連詞。how和where在從句中分別作地點和方式狀語,在此不合題意,而此句是一個完整句子即主系表結(jié)構(gòu),故排除what。本句欲表示的意思是:“我記得那個時候這里曾經(jīng)是一個安靜的村莊”
例13
Iwoulddo_____Icandotohelpthem.
A.thatB.whateverC.whichD.whichever
[Key]B
[點撥]Icando句中的及物動詞do沒有賓語,句子不完整,缺句子成分,whatever在句中可以作do的賓語。
4.That在賓語從句中不可省略的情況。
1)當that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的狀語緊靠that時,或者說that從句中含有主從復(fù)合句時。
I’msurethatifyou’velostit,youmastpayforit.
2)當賓語從句被it替代時
Shehasmadeitclearthatshewillhavenothingtodowiththedecision.
3)當由兩個that引導(dǎo)的從句作同一個動詞或介詞的賓語時,第二個that不可省。
Tomtoldtheleader(that)Jonehadworkerveryhardandthathewantedhimstay.
4)有插入語或其它成分把賓語從句和主句分開時。
Hethinks,I’mafraid,thatheisalwaysright.
5)當that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時。
Theysaidthatrubbingthegirl’slegmighthelp.
6)從句的主語是that時。
Shesaysthatthatisarealgoldring.
5.It可充當形式賓語,代替真正的賓語從句,此時謂語動詞除帶賓語從句外,還帶賓補。
Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthattheydoanimportantjob.
核心解讀四表語從句
1.當reason和cause引導(dǎo)的從句做主語時,其表語從句多用that引導(dǎo),而不用because引導(dǎo)。
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthelastbus.
2.because引導(dǎo)表語從句時,一般在句型“it(that,this)isbecause…”中說明原因;而在“it(that,this)iswhy…”中說明結(jié)果。
Theteacherwasveryangry.Thatwasbecausehewasverylate.
Hewasverylate.Thatwaswhytheteacherwasangry.
3.asif/asthough也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。
Itlooksasif/asthoughitweregoingtorain.
4.除that和wh-詞外,as也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。
Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.
核心解讀五同位語從句
1.同位語從句語序為陳述語序,多放在下列詞的后面,如:idea,fact,news,hope,wish,promise,doubt,suggestion,truth,question,problem,belief,probability….對其名詞起進一步說明作用,是名詞的具體內(nèi)容。
例14
Ihavenoidea_____fartheairportisfromhere.
A.whatB.howC.it’sD.that
[Key]B
例15
There’safeelinginme_____we’llneverknowwhataUFOisnotever.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what
[Key]A
[點撥]that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句修飾feeling
2.That引導(dǎo)同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
That引導(dǎo)同位語從句時,在從句中不充當任何成分,只起連接作用,但不可省略,而that在定語從句中可做主語、賓語和表語。作賓語時可省略。
Thenewsthathepassedtheexamwasagreatsurprise.(同位語從句)
Thenews(that)hetoldmewasagreatsurprise.(賓語從句)
核心解讀六名詞性從句中的幾類問題特別提示
1、當疑問詞做主語或主語的定語時的語序不變。
Allofusaskedherwhatwasthematter/wrong/thetroublewithherface.(做主語)
Tomaskedmewhosepenwasred.(whose做主語的定語)
2、賓語從句中的插入語常見形式
1)特殊疑問詞+doyouthink(believe,suppose,say…)
Whodoyouthinkisthebeststudentinourclass?
Whodoyouthinkcananswerthequestion?
Whatdoyousupposehappentoher?
Whattimedoyouthinktomwillcomehere?
2)插入語還有youthink/expect等
Giveittowhoeveryouthinkcandotheworkwell.
3、連接詞的對稱
Ittooktheteacherafewdaystorememberwhowaswhointheclass.
4、That可以作except,in,besides,but的賓語,不可充當其它介詞的賓語,inthat意為“在于(因為)”butthat意為“要不是(只是)”exceptthat意為“除了”
Thesuitfittedhimwellexceptthatthecolorisalittlebrighter.
其它介詞后面需要用that從句作賓語,必須用it作形式賓語。
YoumaydependonitthatIwillalwayshelpthem.
5、賓語從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
主語是第一人稱I/we。
1)將think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine,consider,expect,guess,reckon等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。
IdontthinkIknowyou. 我想我并不認識你。
Idontbelievehewillcome. 我相信他不回來。
注意:若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。
Ihopeyouwerentill.我想你沒有生病吧。
2)如果think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine,consider,expect,guess,reckon等動詞前有副詞或表示強調(diào)的do,does,did或同其它詞構(gòu)成并列謂語,或不以現(xiàn)在時出現(xiàn),或用在插入語中,這時候不用否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
Ireallyexpectshedidn’tsaythattohim.
我希望她不對他說那件事。
Ithinkandhopethathewon’tbedeceivedbytheman.
我認為他希望他不會被那個人欺騙。
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine,consider,expect,guess,reckon等此類動詞后,在簡略回答中,用so替代前面肯定的賓語從句;若替代一個否定的賓語從句,用not或not…so替代前文整個句子。
---Ibelievewe’vemetsomewherebefore.(我認為我們從前在哪里見過)
---no,Idon’tthinkso.(沒有,我想我們以前沒有見過)
----doyouthinkit’sgoingtorainovertheweekend?(你認為這周末會下雨嗎?)
----Ibelievenot.(我認為不會)
4)將seem,appear等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。
Itdoesntseemthattheyknowwheretogo.
看來他們不知道往哪去。
Itdoesntappearthatwellhaveasunnydaytomorrow.
看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。
5)有時將動名詞,介詞短語或整個從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷χ^語動詞的否定。
Idontrememberhavingeverseensuchaman.
我記得從未見過這樣一個人。(not否定動名詞短語having…)
Itsnotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrange
charactersonthestreet.
在這里,人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。
(anyone作主語,從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。)
6)有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動詞前。
Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone. (否定狀語) 螞蟻不只是為自己采食。
HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.
(否定because狀語)他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何,就輕信此事。
Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatmansyoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty.
(否定狀語manyweeks)
她結(jié)婚還不到幾個月,這個人的弟弟就看見她了,并對她的美貌著了迷。
6、賓語從句還可以用在某些形容詞的后面,如:sure,glad,certain,sorry,afraid,worried,anxious,aware,confident,convinced,proud,surprised,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content…
Iamsurethathewillcomeheretomorrow.
Theteacherwaspleasedthathisstudentshadpassedtheexam.
特別提示:
besure/certain…表示“確信或肯定……”后邊從句的連詞用that,但benotsure/certain后邊從句的連詞用if或whether。
Areyoucertainthatyou’llgetthereotime?
I’mnotsureif/whetherhisworkhasbeenfinished?
7、有些句子連詞較多,應(yīng)分清各自的功能
Itiswellknownthatwhat,whenandhowapersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.(that為itiswellknownthat這一結(jié)構(gòu)的連詞,what,whenandhow為主語從句的連詞)
Tomwassoontoldwhywhathaddonewasnotnecessary.
(why是賓語從句的連詞,而what是why從句中的連詞)
常見錯誤分析
1.誤:Thequestionisiftheycanworkoutthedifficultmathproblem.
正:Thequestioniswhethertheycanworkoutthedifficultmathproblem.
[點撥]:引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句時,常用whether不用if。又如:
WhetherTomgoeswithusmakesnodifference.
Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousillness.
2.誤:Thathesaidsurprisedallofus.
正:Whathesaidsurprisedallofus.
[點撥]:what引導(dǎo)主語從句并在主語從句中作said的賓語。當that引導(dǎo)主語從句時,不作句子成份,只起連接作用。
3.誤:Ibelievenomatterwhathesays.
正:Ibelievewhateverhesays.
[點撥]:whatever在這里引導(dǎo)賓語從句,nomatterwhat只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句。
4.誤:Heaskedhowmuchshouldhepaythedoctor.
正:Heaskedhowmuchheshouldpaythedoctor.
[點撥]:一般來說,賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序。
5.誤:Wholeavestheroomlastshouldlockthedoor.
正:Whoeverleavestheroomlastshouldlockthedoor.
[點撥]:who可以引導(dǎo)主語從句,但往往具有疑問的意義;而whoever則沒有疑問的意義,相當于anyonewho。
6.誤:Hewantstobecomeafriendofwhomeversharesthesameinterest.
正:Hewantstobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesthesameinterest.
[點撥]:whoever引導(dǎo)賓語從句并在從句中作主語,故不能用whomever。
7.誤:Italldependsoniftheywillsupportus.
正:Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.
[點撥]:theywillsupportus在句中作dependson的賓語,故用whether,而不用if引導(dǎo)。
8.誤:Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomeisbecausehismotherwasill.
正:Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomeisthathismotherwasill.
[點撥]:Thereasonwhy…is…句型中,應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)表語從句,表示“……的原因是……”。不能用because引導(dǎo)。
9.誤:Wedidn’tknowifornotshewasreadytostartwork.
正:Wedidn’tknowwhetherornotshewasreadytostartwork.
[點撥]:whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時可以和ornot連用,而if則不能。
10.誤:HeisfamousasanEnglishteacheriswellknown.
正:ThatheisfamousasanEnglishteacheriswellknown.
[點撥]:that引導(dǎo)主語從句時不能省略。
11.誤:Thatreallyinterestedthechildrenwashowtousethecomputer.
正:Whatreallyinterestedthechildrenwashowtousethecomputer.
[點撥]:what引導(dǎo)主語從句在從句中作主語,而that引導(dǎo)主語從句時,不作句子成分,也沒有任何含義。
12.誤:Themanaskedhissonwherehefoundhisglasses.
正:Themanaskedhissonwherehehadfoundhisglasses.
[點撥]:賓語從句中動詞find的動作是在主句動詞ask之前發(fā)生的,因此要用過去完成時來表達。
13.誤:Allwhattheyneedisenoughtimetopreparefortheexamination.
正:Allthattheyneedisenoughtimetopreparefortheexamination.
正:Whattheyneedisenoughtimetopreparefortheexamination.
[點撥]:allwhat一般不連用。Allthat…結(jié)構(gòu)中,that(不能用Which)引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞all。what引導(dǎo)主語從句。
經(jīng)典真題回放
1.___youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.(87)
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.This
2.Theyhavenoideaatall____.(87)
A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhego
C.whichplacehehasgoneD.wherehehasgone
3.____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.(88)
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
4.Upongraduationheaskedtobesentto_____.(88)
A.whereheismostneededB.whereheneeded
C.whereheismostlyneededD.whereishemostlyneeded
5.Thesephotographswillshowyou_____.(89)
A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslike
C.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike
6.Canyoumakesure_____thegoldring?(90)
A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceput
C.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput
7.Noonecanbesure_____inamillionyears.(91)
A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklike
C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike
8.____theGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknown.(92)
A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That
9.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggrey.(92)
A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for
10._____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.(92)
A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
11._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.(93)
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter
12.Heasked____fortheviolin.(93)
A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch
C.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
13.—Doyouremember_____hecame?
—Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.(94)
A.howB.whenC.thatD.if
14.____isafactthatEnglishisacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(95)
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
15.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_____sharesherinterests.(95)
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
16._____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan_____wehave.(96)
A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what
17._____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.(96)
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
18.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.(97)
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
19.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.(98)
A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
20.Itwasamatterof____wouldtaketheposition.(98)
A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever
21.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?(99)
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
22._____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.(99)
A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever
23.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo_____Icantosavethem.(00)
A.thatB.whichC.whicheverD.whatever
24.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.(00)
A.That;whatB.What;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that
25.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.(01)
A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why
26.____isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.(01)
A.There;thatB.It;thatC.There;whetherD.It;whether
27.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemoneyexactly_____hewants.(2002上海)
A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that
28.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_____roadconditionsneed_____.(2003上海)
A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimproved
C.where;improvingD.when;improving
29.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?
—Oh,that’s____.(2003北京春季)
A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited
30.Wecannotfigureout_____quiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.(2004北京)
A.thatB.asC.whyD.when
31.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow_____Ivebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.(04湖南)
A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how
32.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin____wasawastelandtenyearsago.(04天津)
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
33.Parentsaretaughttounderstand____importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.(04廣東)
A.thatB.howC.suchD.so
34.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Icantunderstand_____theyinsistongoingbymotor-bike.(04)
A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how
35.AfterYangLiWeisucceededincirclingtheearth,_____ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.(04上海)
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how
36.Astorygoes____ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethatbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.(04上海)
A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that
37.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.(04上海春季)
A.asB.whichC.whatD.that
38.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise______hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
39.Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.(05北京)
A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that
40.Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary_____hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.(05浙江)
A.whoB.thatC.asD.which
41.Thewayhediditwasdifferent_____wewereusedto.(05江西)
A.inwhichB.inwhatC.fromwhatD.fromwhich
42.Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize___sillymistakesIhadmade.(05湖南)
A.whatB.thatC.howD.which
43.Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased_____hewasamanofaction.(06湖南)
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
44.Wehaventsettledthequestionof_____itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.(06江蘇)
A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that
45.Makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.(06遼寧)
A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever
46.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas_____wedidthismorning.(06全國I)
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what
47.Pleaseremindme_____hesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.(06全國I)
A.whereB.whenC.howD.what
48.---Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?
---Theyalwaysletmedo_____IthinkIshould.(06全國III)
A.whenB.thatC.howD.what
49.Enginesaretomachines_____heartsaretoanimals.(06山東)
A.asB.thatC.whatD.which
50.Ijustwonder_____thatmakeshimsoexcited.(06山東)
A.whyitdoesB.whathedoesC.howitisD.whatitis
51.Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris_____itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.(06上海)
A.howB.whyC.thatD.when
52.Hespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioning_____histeammateshaddone.(06上海)
A.whatB.whichC.whyD.while
53.---It’sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.
---ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,_____wegotlostonarainynight.(06四川)
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when
54.Thereismuchchance_____Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.(06天津)
A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if
55.Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentformtheclasshehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.(06重慶)
A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because
56.Theseshoeslookverygood.Iwonder____.(06上海春季)
A.howmuchcosttheyareB.howmuchdotheycost
C.howmuchtheycostD.howmucharetheycost
57.Dorissuccessliesinthefact_____sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.(06上海春季)
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why
58.---Couldyoudomeafavor?
---Itdependson____itis.
A.whichB.whicheverC.whatD.whatever
59.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.
A.asB.whichC.whatD.that
60..Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_______hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
[答案]
1--5BACAB6--10CACBC11--15ADADC
16--20ABBAA21--25ADDBC26--30AAAAC31--35CABAB36--40DCBAB41--45CABCA46--50DBDCD51--55CABAB56--60CBCCB
牛津高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí):名詞性從句
牛津高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí):名詞性從句
名詞性從句相當于名詞,可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此,名詞性從句廳分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。
(一)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
1、連接代詞:who,whose,whom,what,which。有詞義,在從句中擔任成分,如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。
2、連接副詞:when,where,why,how。有詞義,在從句中擔任成分,作狀語。
3、連接詞:that,whether,if,asif。that無詞義,在從句中不擔任成分,有時可省略;if(whether),asif雖有詞義,但在從句中不擔任成分。
注意:連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句,因而從句中謂語不用疑問式。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當句子成分,連接詞whether和if(是否),asif(好象)在從句中不充當句子成分,只起連接作用。根據(jù)句義,如果連接代詞與連接副詞,whether、if和asif都用不上時,才用that作連接詞(that本身無任何含義)。
(二)主語從句
1、主語從句在復(fù)合句作主語。
e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.
2、用it作形式主語,主語從句放在句末。
e.g.Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.
3、that引導(dǎo)主語從句時,不能省略。
e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.
(三)表語從句
1、表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語,位于系動詞之后。
e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.
2、引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞that有時可省去。
e.g.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.
(四)賓語從句
1、賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略。
e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright.
2、介詞之后的賓語從句,不可用which或if連接,要分別用what或whether。
e.g.I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework..
I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid.
3、whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,??苫Q。但下面情況不能互換。
①賓語從句是否定句時,只用if,不用whether。
e.g.Iwonderifitdoesn’train.
②用if會引起誤解,就要用whether。
e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易當成條件句理解)
③賓語從句中的whether與ornot直接連用,就不能換成if;不直接連用,可換。
e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.
Idon’tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.
④介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。whether可與不定式連用。whether也可引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句,還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,以上均不能換成if。但引導(dǎo)條件從句時,只能用if,而不能用whether。
e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.
Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.
Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.
(五)同位語從句
同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語,一般位于該名詞(如:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等)之后,說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。
e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.
高考英語備考名詞性從句
俗話說,凡事預(yù)則立,不預(yù)則廢。教師要準備好教案,這是教師需要精心準備的。教案可以讓講的知識能夠輕松被學(xué)生吸收,使教師有一個簡單易懂的教學(xué)思路。那么怎么才能寫出優(yōu)秀的教案呢?為此,小編從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上為大家精心整理了《高考英語備考名詞性從句》,僅供參考,大家一起來看看吧。
2011高考英語備考(考點聚焦+名題導(dǎo)解)名詞性從句
一、考點聚焦
1、名詞性從句中連接詞的運用
名詞性從句中的連接詞有連詞that/whether/asif,連接代詞what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,連接副詞where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
(1)that的用法。[ks5u.com]
①主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。如:
ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.
Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.
SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.
②賓語從句中的連接詞that有時可省有時又不可省,在以下幾種情況中that不能省略:(A)當that從句和主句謂語動詞之間有插入詞語或者從句主語之間有插入語時,that不可省略;(B)當that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時,that不能??;(C)當that作介詞賓語時,that不可省掉。如:
Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand
wine
Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
③that從句作主語和賓語時,可以用it來替換成以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)表達。
(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)Itseems/happensthat。如:
IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.
ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.
④that和what的區(qū)別。
that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時,在主從句中不以當任何句子成分,也沒有任何含義;而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時,在主從句中都要充當一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定語從句中的先行詞+關(guān)系代詞即常說的先行詞+that。如:
It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.
⑤同位語從句與定語從句中that的區(qū)別。
同位語從句中的連詞that只起連接作用,在從句中不擔當任何句子成分;而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中做賓語或主語,賓語與先行詞有修飾關(guān)系。如果句子是同位語從句,就應(yīng)用連詞that而不能用which.同位語從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容,如以下名詞:news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定語從句只是對先行詞的限定和修飾。如:
TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位語從句)
ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定語從句)
(2)whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在賓語從句中可以互換,但是作介詞賓語時連接詞一般用whether。如:
Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.
②后面直接跟ornot時用whether。如:
Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.
③主語從句表語從句中只能用whether。如:
Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.
④whether可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,用以說明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容,if不能。如:
Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando
itornot.
⑤whether常與or連用表示一種選擇,if不能這樣用;whether也可與動詞不定式連用但if不能。如:
Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-
tant.
Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.
⑥間接引語位于句首時或者是間接引語提前時用whether不用if。如:
Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.
⑦whether可引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句表示“不管”、“無論”,而if不能。如:
Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.
(3)疑問詞+ever和nomatter+疑問詞的區(qū)別。
①疑問詞+ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,在主從句中要充當一定的部分。如:
Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑問詞+ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如:
Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如:
Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
(4)when和where引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。
when和where前面的名詞若是表示時間、地點的名詞,則when和where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,否則則為同位語從句。如:
Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.
Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.
2、名詞性從句中主句和從句的時態(tài)一致
(1)賓語從句中主句和從句的時態(tài)保持一致,但如果從句中表示提示的是客觀現(xiàn)象,雖然主句是過去時態(tài),從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如:
Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.
(2)主語從句作主語相當于單數(shù)第三人稱作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù),如果由and連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);由兩個或多個連接詞引導(dǎo)一個主語從句,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:
Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.
Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.
3、名詞性從句的詞序
名詞性從句在句中要用陳述句語序。如:
Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.
We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.
Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
選擇填空
1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
解析:答案為C。本題考查的是名詞性從句作賓語的用法。此句的引導(dǎo)詞既作連詞又在賓語從句中充當一成分,故what最合適。
2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..
—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
解析:答案為A。此題考查的是從句的用法。根據(jù)題意“我上周開車去珠??春娇照谷チ??!毕旅嬉痪浣又鴨枺骸澳蔷褪悄銥槭裁措x開的原因嗎?”故用why引導(dǎo)表語從句表示原因。
3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)
A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
解析:答案為A。本題考查的是形式賓語的用法。題意為“我討厭人們談話時嘴里塞滿東西”。該空白處沒有任何含義,而且已經(jīng)用了when連接該賓語從句,所以此處只填一個形式賓語it。
4.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknowI’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.
A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how
解析:答案為C??疾橘e語從句連詞用法,由結(jié)構(gòu)sb.beuptosth.可知,應(yīng)選what作介詞to的賓語。
5.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.
A.thatB.asC.whyD.when
解析:答案為C。本題考查賓語從句知識,figureout為及物動詞,故此句為賓語從句,從句意得知連詞在從句中作原因狀語,故選why.
6.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiredoiswalkinspace.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how
解析:答案為B。此題句子為時間狀語從句,全主句的主語是由主語從句來充當?shù)模⑶抑髡Z從句中不定式動詞do缺少賓語,故選what。
2011高考英語備考(考點聚焦+名題導(dǎo)解)名詞性從句
一、考點聚焦
1、名詞性從句中連接詞的運用
名詞性從句中的連接詞有連詞that/whether/asif,連接代詞what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,連接副詞where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
(1)that的用法。[ks5u.com]
①主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。如:
ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.
Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.
SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.
②賓語從句中的連接詞that有時可省有時又不可省,在以下幾種情況中that不能省略:(A)當that從句和主句謂語動詞之間有插入詞語或者從句主語之間有插入語時,that不可省略;(B)當that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時,that不能省;(C)當that作介詞賓語時,that不可省掉。如:
Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand
wine
Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
③that從句作主語和賓語時,可以用it來替換成以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)表達。
(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)Itseems/happensthat。如:
IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.
ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.
④that和what的區(qū)別。
that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時,在主從句中不以當任何句子成分,也沒有任何含義;而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時,在主從句中都要充當一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定語從句中的先行詞+關(guān)系代詞即常說的先行詞+that。如:
It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.
⑤同位語從句與定語從句中that的區(qū)別。
同位語從句中的連詞that只起連接作用,在從句中不擔當任何句子成分;而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中做賓語或主語,賓語與先行詞有修飾關(guān)系。如果句子是同位語從句,就應(yīng)用連詞that而不能用which.同位語從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容,如以下名詞:news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定語從句只是對先行詞的限定和修飾。如:
TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位語從句)
ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定語從句)
(2)whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在賓語從句中可以互換,但是作介詞賓語時連接詞一般用whether。如:
Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.
②后面直接跟ornot時用whether。如:
Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.
③主語從句表語從句中只能用whether。如:
Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.
④whether可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,用以說明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容,if不能。如:
Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando
itornot.
⑤whether常與or連用表示一種選擇,if不能這樣用;whether也可與動詞不定式連用但if不能。如:
Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-
tant.
Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.
⑥間接引語位于句首時或者是間接引語提前時用whether不用if。如:
Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.
⑦whether可引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句表示“不管”、“無論”,而if不能。如:
Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.
(3)疑問詞+ever和nomatter+疑問詞的區(qū)別。
①疑問詞+ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,在主從句中要充當一定的部分。如:
Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑問詞+ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如:
Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如:
Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
(4)when和where引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。
when和where前面的名詞若是表示時間、地點的名詞,則when和where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,否則則為同位語從句。如:
Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.
Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.
2、名詞性從句中主句和從句的時態(tài)一致
(1)賓語從句中主句和從句的時態(tài)保持一致,但如果從句中表示提示的是客觀現(xiàn)象,雖然主句是過去時態(tài),從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如:
Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.
(2)主語從句作主語相當于單數(shù)第三人稱作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù),如果由and連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);由兩個或多個連接詞引導(dǎo)一個主語從句,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:
Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.
Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.
3、名詞性從句的詞序
名詞性從句在句中要用陳述句語序。如:
Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.
We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.
Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
選擇填空
1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
解析:答案為C。本題考查的是名詞性從句作賓語的用法。此句的引導(dǎo)詞既作連詞又在賓語從句中充當一成分,故what最合適。
2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..
—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
解析:答案為A。此題考查的是從句的用法。根據(jù)題意“我上周開車去珠海看航空展去了?!毕旅嬉痪浣又鴨枺骸澳蔷褪悄銥槭裁措x開的原因嗎?”故用why引導(dǎo)表語從句表示原因。
3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)
A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
解析:答案為A。本題考查的是形式賓語的用法。題意為“我討厭人們談話時嘴里塞滿東西”。該空白處沒有任何含義,而且已經(jīng)用了when連接該賓語從句,所以此處只填一個形式賓語it。
4.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknowI’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.
A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how
解析:答案為C。考查賓語從句連詞用法,由結(jié)構(gòu)sb.beuptosth.可知,應(yīng)選what作介詞to的賓語。
5.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.
A.thatB.asC.whyD.when
解析:答案為C。本題考查賓語從句知識,figureout為及物動詞,故此句為賓語從句,從句意得知連詞在從句中作原因狀語,故選why.
6.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiredoiswalkinspace.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how
解析:答案為B。此題句子為時間狀語從句,全主句的主語是由主語從句來充當?shù)?,并且主語從句中不定式動詞do缺少賓語,故選what。