高中教案教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2020-12-04MusicBorninAmerica教案。
MusicBorninAmerica教案
Module4MusicBorninAmerica
I.教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析
本模塊以MusicBorninAmerica為話題,介紹了美國(guó)的本土音樂(lè),其中包括了HipHop,Soulmusic,Gospelmusic,Jazz,Blues等。與此同時(shí),還介紹了香港本土的音樂(lè)以及幾位著名的美國(guó)音樂(lè)人。通過(guò)本模塊的學(xué)習(xí),要求學(xué)生能使用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯與同學(xué)以音樂(lè)為主題展開討論,了解中外音樂(lè)的相互影響,發(fā)表對(duì)音樂(lè)的觀點(diǎn)和看法。
Introduction部分介紹幾種美國(guó)本土的音樂(lè)類型,為整個(gè)模塊的學(xué)習(xí)提供了一些知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備,教師可以適當(dāng)?shù)貛椭鷮W(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)以前學(xué)過(guò)有關(guān)音樂(lè)的詞匯,讓學(xué)生能夠形成比較系統(tǒng)的詞匯網(wǎng)。
ReadingandVocabulary部分通過(guò)閱讀一篇介紹HipHop的文章,系統(tǒng)地了解HipHop的起源、發(fā)展及現(xiàn)狀。由于這是一篇說(shuō)明文,在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中教師可以適當(dāng)?shù)赜?xùn)練學(xué)生尋找主題句或歸納段落大意的能力。
Grammar(1)部分是復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。教師應(yīng)著重把握時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句學(xué)習(xí)中常出錯(cuò)的兩個(gè)方面,一是時(shí)態(tài);二是個(gè)別引導(dǎo)詞的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題。
Listening部分有三個(gè)內(nèi)容,一是通過(guò)短語(yǔ)配對(duì),讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)用英語(yǔ)來(lái)解釋一些詞組,并為后面的聽力做好詞匯基礎(chǔ)的鋪墊;二是讓學(xué)生聽一段母子的對(duì)話,讓學(xué)生獲取信息完成書上的練習(xí),并著重幫助學(xué)生理解幾個(gè)省略句的意思,為后面的語(yǔ)法課做好語(yǔ)言材料的準(zhǔn)備。
Grammar(2)部分利用聽力原文的幾個(gè)省略句,讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)看并知道運(yùn)用省略句。
Function部分學(xué)習(xí)使用比較過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在的功能句式。
EverydayEnglish部分圍繞日常生活中常見的交際用語(yǔ),主要通過(guò)選擇題的形式讓學(xué)生進(jìn)一步理解聽力原文中出現(xiàn)的幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)。如:abit,mycupoftea,it’sone’sturntodosth.等。
ReadingandWriting部分通過(guò)閱讀文章,回答三個(gè)開放性的問(wèn)題,使學(xué)生開始思考音樂(lè)與學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)系,為后面的寫作做好了鋪墊。第二部分要求學(xué)生根據(jù)所提供的問(wèn)題,寫一篇關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣的文章。
Speaking部分要求學(xué)生根據(jù)本模塊所學(xué)的內(nèi)容,學(xué)會(huì)就這些音樂(lè)的起源及其其他有關(guān)音樂(lè)的話題展開討論。
ReadingPractice部分一篇介紹香港本土音樂(lè)的說(shuō)明文,要求學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀文章,學(xué)會(huì)概括段落大意,并回答幾個(gè)與文章細(xì)節(jié)有關(guān)的問(wèn)題,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)文章理解的能力。
CulturalCorner部分是一篇介紹三位對(duì)世界音樂(lè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生影響的音樂(lè)家,增加學(xué)生對(duì)音樂(lè)家的認(rèn)識(shí)。
Task部分是對(duì)本模塊的一個(gè)復(fù)習(xí)與應(yīng)用,要求學(xué)生運(yùn)用本模塊所學(xué)的內(nèi)容,組織一場(chǎng)班級(jí)音樂(lè)會(huì),并在當(dāng)中介紹音樂(lè)的類型、背景等內(nèi)容。
ModuleFile部分有助學(xué)生對(duì)本模塊學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納,對(duì)自己的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行總結(jié)和檢驗(yàn)。
II.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)
1.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
(1)掌握一些與音樂(lè)相關(guān)的詞匯。
(2)學(xué)習(xí)使用一些比較現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去的句型。
(3)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和省略句。
2.教學(xué)難點(diǎn)
(1)聽懂有關(guān)音樂(lè)的交談并獲取信息,聽懂課文中有關(guān)音樂(lè)種類的介紹。
(2)正確使用一些比較現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去的句型。
(3)學(xué)會(huì)描寫自己的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,并能寫出自己對(duì)某種音樂(lè)的看法。
III.教學(xué)計(jì)劃
本單元分六個(gè)課時(shí):
第一課時(shí):Introduction,CulturalCorner
第二課時(shí):ReadingandVocabulary,Speaking
第三課時(shí):Listening,Function,EverydayEnglish
第四課時(shí):Grammar(1),Grammar(2)
第五課時(shí):ReadingPractice
第六課時(shí):ReadingandWriting,ModuleFile
IV.教學(xué)步驟:
Period1Introduction,CulturalCorner
TeachingGoals:
1.ToarouseSs’interestinlearningaboutmusicborninAmerica.
2.TogetSstolearnsomewordstodescribemusic.
3.TogetSstoknowsomethingaboutAmericanmusic.
TeachingProcedures:
Step1.Introduction
Purpose:ToarouseSs’interestinlearningaboutmusicborninAmerica.
1.AskSstothinkofthetypesofmusictoarouseSs’interestinlearningaboutmusicborninAmerica
SuggestedAnswers:
Therearemanytypesofmusic:rockmusic,folkmusic,lightmusic,rap-hop,countrymusic,classicalmusic,jazz,blues,soulmusic,gospelmusic
2.LetSsworkinpairs.Askthemtolookatthepicturesandanswerthefollowingquestions.
(1)Whatisthedifferencebetweenachoirandaband?
A____________isalargegroupofsingers.
A_____________issmallgroupofmusicians.Theyplaymusicandmayalsosing.
(2)Whatinstrumentsdojazzmusiciansplay?
(3)Whatisthedifferencebetweenthesoulsingerandthebluessinger?
____________isoftenquieterthan____________,andpeopledon’tusuallydancetoit.
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)choir,band
(2)Saxophones,guitar,drumsandadoublebass,etc.
(3)Blues,soulmusic
3.AskSstoreadthepassageonpage43andthenfillinthetable.
TypePlaceoforiginTimeoforiginFeature
Gospelmusic
Soulmusic
Jazz
Blues
SuggestedAnswers:
TypePlaceoforiginTimeoforiginFeature
GospelmusicSouthernUnitedStatesInthe19thcenturyChurch,strongandrhythmic
SoulmusicSouthernUnitedStates/Amixtureofblues,gospel,alittlerockandroll
JazzAfrican-AmericansinNewOrleansIntheearly20thcenturyImprovisationandusingunusualrhythms(syncopation)
BluesAfrican-AmericansinNewOrleansInthelate19thandearly20thcenturiesUsingguitar,piano,harmonica
Step2.CulturalCorner
Purpose:TolearnaboutAmericanmusicians.
1.AskSstosaysomeAmericanmusiciansiftheyknowsome.
2.AskSstoreadtheCulturalCornerandfillintheblanks.
NameFeatureTitle
LouisArmstrong
RobertJohnson
WoodyGuthrie
SuggestedAnswers:
NameFeatureTitle
LouisArmstrongAjazzsingerApioneeroftheimprovisedjazzsolo
RobertJohnsonAbluessingerThefatherofrockandroll
WoodyGuthrieAfolksingerApioneerofprotestmusic
3.LetSsfillintheblanksbythemselvestolearnsomeusefulexpressions.
(1)LouisArmstrong,_________in1901,wasoneofthemost_________artists_____________________________________music.HisnicknamewasSatchmo,which___________________________“SatchelMouth”,becauseofhislargemouth.
(2)RobertJohnson,_________inMississippi,wrotevery_________andsadbluessongs,whosemusichas_________generationsofmodernrockmusicians.He__________________record29songs,and____________________________________whiteaudiences.
(3)WoodyGuthrie,knownasapioneerof_________music,was__________________apresident.Ashegrewolder,hissongsbecamemorehumorousandoptimistic.Hisbeliefisthatitdoesn’tmatterifyou’reblack,white,…,youcandosomething_________yourlife.
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)born,influential,inthehistoryof,wasshortfor
(2)born,poetic,influenced,managedto,makeanimpressionon
(3)protest,namedafter,with
Step3.Homework
1.AskSstoreviewwhatwehavelearnttoday.
2.AskSStopreviewReadingandVocabulary.
Period2ReadingandVocabulary
TeachingGoals:
1.TohelpSsimprovetheirreadingskills.
2.ToletSsmastersomewordsandphrases.
3.TogetSstotalksomethingabouthiphop.
TeachingProcedures:
Step1.Leading-in
Purpose:ToletSsarouseinterestinlearningaboutHipHop.
ShowapicturetoSsandaskthemtoanswersomequestions.
(1)Whataretheydoinginthepicture?
(2)Doyouknowwhatkindofdancedotheydance?
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)Theyaredancing.(2)It’ship-pop.
Step2Vocabularystudy
ShowSssomepicturesandintroducesomenewfashionablewords.
breakdancinggraffitiartrapperDJ-ing
Step3Reading
Purpose:TogetSstolearnaboutHipHop.
1.AskSsreadthepassagequicklyandtrytocatchthemainideaofeachpart.
SuggestedAnswers:
Part1:HiphopisanAmericanculturalmovementwhichstartedinthe1970satblockpartiesinNewYork,especiallyinadistrictcalledtheBronx.
Part2:MCs,anotherstyleofmusicknownasrapwasborn.
Part3:Therearetwomainreasonsforthesuccessofhiphop.
Part4:Howdidrapsingersrecordtheirsongs?
(Bytheway,teachercanunderlinethenewwordsandphrasesinordertoletSspaymoreattentiontothem.)
2.AskSstoreadpart1carefullyandfillintheblanks:
HipHop
What
When
Where
Mainaspects
SuggestedAnswer:
HipHop
WhatAmericanculturalmovement
WhenStartedin1970s
WhereAtblockpartiesinNewYork
MainaspectsBreakdance,graffitiart,DJ-ing,rapping(MC-ing)
3.AskSstoreadPart2carefully,andthenanswerthefollowingquestions.
(1)WhydidDJHercstopplayingreggaemusic?
(2)HowdidtheDJsmakethepercussionbreaksinthesongslonger?
(3)WhatwereDJswhoshoutedduringthesongscalled?
(4)HowlongweretheperformancesoftheshoutingDJs?
(5)ApartfromtheDJs,whatelsehappenedatblockparties?
(6)Whatdidtheyexperimentwithlater?
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)Becausehenoticedthatpeopledidn’tlikeit.
(2)Byusingtworecordsontwoturntables.
(3)MCs
(4)Hours
(5)Breakdancing
(6)Theyexperimentedwithdifferentvocalandrhythmicapproaches.
4.AskSstoreadPart34carefully,andthenanswerthequestions.
(1)Whatarethetworeasonsforthesuccessofhiphop?
(2)Howdidthefirstgenerationofrappersrecordtheirmusic?
(3)Whichcitywasthecapitalofhiphopin1985?
(4)WhichstyleofrappingsoonspreadtootherpartsoftheUnitedStates?
(5)WhatisthenewtypeofhiphopinEngland?
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)Firstlyit’scheapandeasy.Secondly,peoplewereboredwiththepopmusicoftheday,andhiphoptookadvantageofdiscomusicandprovidedakindofdiscomusicforpeoplewhohateddisco.
(2)Theyrecordedthebackingtracksinthestudioandtherappersaddedtheirvocalslater.
(3)NewYork
(4)TheEastCoastrap
(5)InEngland,anewmusicformemerged,calledtriphop,amixtureofjazz,hiphopandelectronicmusic.
5.AskSstoworkingroupsoffour.LetthemreadthecommentsabouthiphopmusicinActivity7onpage47,andexpresstheirownideas.
(TeacherscanletSsdothespeakingtogether.)
Step4.LanguagePoints
1.AskSstodiscusstheimportantanddifficultlanguagepoints.
(1)Thewordsofearlybluessongsoftenconsistedofasinglelinerepeatedtwoorthreetimesbeforechanging.早期的藍(lán)調(diào)歌曲通常包含一句要反復(fù)唱兩三遍才換的歌詞。
consistof無(wú)被動(dòng)態(tài),類似用法的詞組還有:belongto,takeplace,happen,cometrue,comeout,breakout,etc.
Thisisacharitycommittee________tenmembers.
A.consistsofB.consistofC.consistedofD.consistingof
Key:D
(2)…,butHercandotherDJsmadethemlongerbyusingtworecordsontwoturntables,sidebyside.
sidebyside肩并肩,相互扶持
Eg①Twochildrenarewalkingsidebyside.
②Westandsidebysidewithyouinthiscompetition.
※類似的短語(yǔ)還有:
neckandneck“并駕齊驅(qū)地headtohead交頭接耳地
(3)Theyexperimentwithdifferentvocalandrhythmicapproaches.他們嘗試用不同的發(fā)聲和奏樂(lè)方法。
◆experimentwith…用……做實(shí)驗(yàn)
EgTheyareexperimentingwithnewmethodsofteaching.
※experiment的其他用法:
make/do/carryout/perform/tryanexperimenton/upon/in/with做實(shí)驗(yàn)(試驗(yàn)),對(duì)……做實(shí)驗(yàn)(試驗(yàn))
byexperiment通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)
EgTheyfindoutwhatfoodsthebabylikesbyexperiment.
◆approachvn
(Teachercanpresentsomesentencesinordertoreviewthemeaningofapproach.
①Thetimeisapproachingwhenwemustleave.(vi來(lái)臨)
②Asyouapproachthetownthefirstbuildingyouseeisthechurch.(vt走近)
③Hisworkisapproachingperfection.(vt近似,接近)
④Didheapproachyouaboutlendinghimsomemoney?(vt找……商量)
⑤Heapproachedthedifficultywithgreatthought.(vt著手)
⑥Ourapproachdroveawaythewildanimals.(n走近)
⑦Alltheapproachestothetownwereblocked.(n通路)
⑧Thatprofessor’snewapproachtolanguageteachingwasconsideredbetterthananyoneelse’s.(n方法,手段)
(4)Discomusicandrockmusicwerebothindeclineinthemid-1970s.20世紀(jì)70年代中期迪斯科和搖滾樂(lè)都在走下坡路。
beindecline在下降中,在衰退中
Thecompanyisindeclinebecauseoffallingdemand.
※decline的其他用法:
Sheisonthedecline,andmaydiesoon.(在下降中,在衰退中)
Shedeclinedtohelpme.(拒絕)
Afterhiswife’sdeath,hefellintoadecline.(失去力量、影響等;衰落)
Ourbusinesshasgoneintoadeclinethisyear.
(5)Hiphoptookadvantageofthatandprovidedakindofdiscomusicforpeoplewhohateddisco.
takeadvantageof利用
EgWhydoyoualwayswanttotakeadvantageofme?
※advantage的其他詞組:
①avetheadvantageofsb比某人強(qiáng)
EgYoureallyhavetheadvantageofme.
②…betoone’sadvantage……對(duì)某人有利
EgTheagreementistoouradvantage.
③givesbanadvantage(over)使某人在……方面比較有利
Ithinkweshould________ChangjiangRiver,whichcansolvethepowerproblemofsomepartsofChina.(Key:D)
A.havetheadvantageofB.taketheadvantageof
C.betoit’sadvantageofD.takeadvantageof
(6)ThenewstylesoonspreadtootherpartsoftheUnitedStates.這種風(fēng)格很快就傳到了美國(guó)的其它地方。
spreadto+n……傳到了……地方
EgThatthenewsspreadtohishomeisnotagoodbusiness.
spread解釋為“傳播”的意思時(shí)可與其它的介詞連用:
spreadthrough/across/from…to
Eg①Theillnessspreadthroughthewholevillage.
②Thefirespreadfromthefactorythehousesnearby.
2.AskSstotranslatethefollowingphrases.
(1)culturalmovement(2)blockparties(3)especially
(4)fourmainaspects(5)comefromtheterm…(6)thepercussionbreaks
(7)atthetime(8)ontwoturntables(9)sidebyside
(10)atthesametime(11)themoment…(12)beboredwith
(13)beindecline(14)astrongbeat(15)takeadvantageof…
(16)addtheirvocals(17)thenextgenerationof…(18)thecapitalofhiphop
(19)spreadto/across…(20)bebasedin…(21)amixtureof…
(22)musicplayoncomputer
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)文化運(yùn)動(dòng)(2)街區(qū)舞會(huì)(3)尤其是
(3)四個(gè)主要的元素(5)來(lái)源于……的術(shù)語(yǔ)(6)打擊樂(lè)
(1)當(dāng)時(shí)(8)在兩個(gè)唱盤上(9)肩并肩,一起……
(10)同時(shí)(11)一……就……(12)對(duì)……厭煩
(13)走下坡路(14)節(jié)奏強(qiáng)烈(15)利用
(16)加進(jìn)他們的聲音(17)下一代……(18)嬉蹦樂(lè)之都
(19)傳播到某個(gè)地方(20)駐足在……(21)……的混合物
(22)電腦上播放的音樂(lè)
3.AskSstolistentothetapeandfillinthemissingwords.
AllYouNeedtoKnowAboutHipHop
Part1
Whatishiphopandhowdiditstart?
HiphopisanAmerican(1)___________________whichstartedinthe1970satblockpartiesinNewYork,(2)___________________inadistrictcalledtheBronx.Therearefourmain(3)___________________ofhiphop:breakdanceandgraffitiartplustwotypesofhiphopmusic–DJ-ingandrapping.Rapping(4)______________________MC-ing(comingfromthetermmasterofceremonies).TheDJsatblockpartiesinthe1970splayedalotofsoulmusicandthey(5)________________thatpeople(6)__________________thepercussionbreaksinthesongsbecausetheywerethebestpartstodanceto.Sotheystartedrepeatingthepercussionbreaks.Thisisa(7)_________________usedbyDJsinJamaica.TherewerealotofJamaicansinNewYorkwho(8)_____________________.Atfirst,theyplayedalotofreggae.
Part2
Whatwasthebigbreakthrough?
DJHerc,oneofthemostpopularJamaicanDJsatthetime,noticedthatNewYorkaudiencesdidn’treallylikereggaemusic,sohestarted(9)________________otherkindsofmusic,(10)__________________rockanddiscomusic.Thepercussionbreakswereusuallyshort,butHercandotherDJsmadethem(11)_______________byusingtworecordsontwoturntables,(12)___________________.SomeoftheDJsbeganspeakingandshoutingwhilethemusicplayed.ShoutingDJsbecameknownasMCs.Andsothestyleofmusicknownasrapwasborn.
(13)___________________,MCsoftenperformedforhours,repeatingwordsandphrasesandthenimprovising.(14)________________,theyexperimentedwithdifferentvocalandrhythmicapproaches,usingrhymingwords,oftenwordsfromAfrican-Americanculture.(15)____________________,peoplestartedbreakingdancingatblockparties.
Part3
Whywashippopsosuccessful?
Therearetwomainreasons.(16)_________________,it’scheapandeasy–youjustneedtwoturntablesandamicrophone.AnyonecanbeanMC,usingsongswhichhavealreadybeenrecorded.
(17)____________________,peoplewereboredwiththepopmusicoftheday–discomusicandrockmusicwerebothindeclineinthemid-1970s.However,discomusichadastrongbeat,anditwaseasytodanceto.Hiphop(18)__________________thatandprovidedakindofdiscomusicforpeoplewhohateddisco!
Part4
Howdidrapsingersrecordtheirsong?
(19)____________________thatrapartistsrecordedtheirmusic,musiciansrecordedthebackingtracks(themusicwithoutthesinging)inthestudioandtherappersaddedtheirvocallater.Thenextgenerationofrappersrecordedtheirvocalsatthesametimeasthemusicians.
NewYorkwasthecapitalofhiphopduringthe1980s,andthestylewasknownasEastCoastrap.(20)________________________________________________________TherewerealotofWestCoastrappersbasedinCalifornia.InMiami,Florida,anewstyledeveloped,stronglyinfluencedbyCubanandPuertoRicanmusic.
Inthelate1980s,hiphopspreadacrosstheworld,toJapan,IndiaandmanypartsofEurope,especiallyFrance,BelgiumandItaly.InEngland,anewmusicformemerged,calledtriphop,amixtureofjazz,hiphopandelectronicmusic(forexample,musicplayedoncomputers).
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)culturalmovement(2)especially(3)aspects
(4)isalsoknownas(5)noticed(6)preferred
(7)technique(8)broughttheideawiththem(9)playing
(10)including(11)longer(12)sidebyside
(13)Atthebeginning(14)Later(15)Atthesametime
(16)Firstly(17)Secondly(18)tookadvantageof
(19)Thefirsttime(20)ThestylesoonspreadtootherpartsoftheUnitedStates.
Step5.Speaking
1.AskSstodiscusswhattheyhavelearntinthereadingpassage.
2.AskSstotrytousetheirownwordstoretellthepassage,thetopicistheoriginsofhiphop.
Step6.Homework
1.AskSstoreviewwhatwehavelearnttoday.
2.AskSstofinishActivity2,3,5,6onpage45-46.
Period3Listening,EverydayEnglish,Function
TeachingGoals:
1.ToenableSstoknowsomeskillsoflistening;
2.Tostudysomedailyexpressions;
3.Tolearnsomeexpressionsofcomparingthepresentandthepast.
TeachingProcedures:
Step1.Revision
ChecktheanswerstotheanswersofActivities2,3,5,6onpages45~46.
Step2.Listening
1.LetSsfinishActivity1onpage49tolearnthesomenewinstructions.
2.AskSstolistentotheconversationandfinishActivity2onpage49.
3.AskSstolistentothetapeandfillinthemissingwords.
FXNoisymusic
Mother:Canyouturnthatdownabit?
Daughter:____(1)____
Mother:Turndownthemusic,please?It’stoo____(2)____?
Daughter:Sorry!Ican’thearyou.Waitaminute!
FXMusicturneddown.
Daughter:Sorry,mum.Whatdidyousay?
Mother:____(3)____
Daughter:Oh!Sorry!____(4)____
Mother:I’mnotsurprised.
Daughter:____(5)____
Mother:I’mnotsurprisedthatyoucouldn’thearme.
Daughter:WasIplayingthemusictooloud?
Mother:Yes,youwere.
Daughter:Sorry.____(6)____
Mother:Whatareyoulisteningto?
Daughter:AnewAmericanhiphopband.
Mother:They’reveryloud.
Daughter:Yes.Great,aren’tthey?
Mother:Whataretheycalled?
Daughter:____(7)____.Itisn’tmyCD,it’smyfriendAngela’s.
Mother:Well,theyaren’tmycupoftea.Bandsaresomuchnoisierthantheyusedtobe.
Daughter:____(8)____IlistenedtooneofyourCDs____(9)____.ItwasREALLYloud!
Mother:Well,whenIwasyourage,wedidn’tlistentosuchloudmusic.
Daughter:____(10)____
Mother:Wedidn’t!
Daughter:Really?
Mother:Allright,wedid.Butwedidn’tplaymusicasloudlyasyoudothesedays.
Daughter:OK.I’llturnitdown.
Mother:Thankyou.butwhyareinsidelisteningtomusicanyway?It’sabeautifulday.WhenIwasyoung,weusedtospendmuchmoretime____(11)____thanyoudo.Whydon’tyouturnthemusicoffandgoforawalk?
Daughter:Idon’twantto.Anyway,I’mwaitingforaphonecall.
Mother:Whofrom?
Daughter:Angela.Shesaidshe’dcallmebutshehasn’t.
Mother:Whydon’tyoucallher?
Daughter:____(12)____.
Mother:Well,whydon’tyougoandseeher?Sheonlylivesroundthecorner.
Daughter:Yes!Goodidea!She’sgotmoreCDsthanme.
Mother:____(13)____…
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)What?(2)loud(3)Iaskedyoutoturnthemusicdown!
(4)Couldn’thearyou!(5)Pardon?(6)Didn’tmeanto.
(7)Don’tknow(8)Nottrue!(9)theotherday
(10)Ibetyoudid!(11)intheopenair(12)It’sherturntocallme
(13)Honestly
3.AskSstofillintheblanksafterlistening.
(1)Themotheraskedthedaughterto________________________themusic________________________forit’stoo____________.
(2)Thedaughterfeltsorrybecauseshedidn’t________________________.
(3)WhatthedaughterlistenedtoisanewAmerican____________________________________.
(4)Mothersaidthatmusicwasnother____________________________________andbandsnoware________________________thanthey____________________________________.
(5)Thenthemothersuggestedthedaughter________________________themusicandgoforawalkbecause________________________.
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)turndown,abit,loud(2)meanto(3)hiphopband
(4)cupoftea,muchnoisier,usedtobe(5)turnoff,it’sabeautifulday
Step3.EverydayEnglish
AskSstochoosethecorrectmeaningsintheEverydayEnglishActivityonP51.Thengivethemtherightfanswers.
Step4.Function
1.AskSstoreadthefollowingsentencesfromlisteningmaterials.Whatkindofsentencestructurehasbeenusedinthesesentences?LetSsfindoutthewordsandexpressionsofcomparison.
Bandsaresomuchnoisierthantheyusedtobe.
WhenIwasyourage,wedidn’tlistentosuchloudmusic.
Wedidnotusetoplaymusicasloudlyasyoudothesedays.
Weusedtospendmuchmoretimeintheopenairthanyoudo.
SuggestedAnswers:
Theyareusedcomparisonstructure,suchasthan,such,as…as…,muchmore,etc.
2.HelpSsthinkofotherexpressionsthatshowcomparison.
(1)比較級(jí)+than
(2)much/alot/greatly/far/even/still/yet/alittle/abit/slightly+morethan
(3)as…as…,notas(so)…as…
(4)prefersthtosth/preferdoingsthtodoingsth/prefertodosthratherthandosth
3.AskSstofinishActivity3onpage51.
Step6.Homework
1.AskSstofinishVocabularyActivitiesintheWorkbookonpages110~111.
2.AskSstopreviewGrammarlesson.
Period4Grammar(1),Grammar(2)
TeachingGoals:
1.Tolearnthegrammar–adverbialclausesoftimeandellipses.
2.ToenableSstouseadverbialclausesoftimefreely.
3.ToenableSstouseadverbialclausesoftimeandellipsesinrightsituations.
TeachingProcedures:
Step1.Revision
ChecktheanswersofVocabularyActivitiesintheWorkbookonpages110~111.
Step2.Grammar(1)
1.AskSstotakealookatthesentenceinActivity1andchoosethebestanswer.AskthemtothinkWhatkindofsentencedoesitbelongto.
2.AskSstofinishActivity3onpage48.
3.GiveSssomeexplanationofadverbialclausesoftime.
(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句通常用下列從屬連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo):after,before,as,once,till,until,(ever)since,when,whenever,while,now(that),aslongas,assoonas.如:
①Now(that)you’vegrownup,youmuststopthischildishbehavior.
②Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.
③Peopledonotknowthevalueofhealthtilltheyloseit.
(2)某些表示時(shí)間的名詞詞組,如theday,theyear,themorning,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime等,也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
①EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.每一次我感冒的時(shí)候,我都會(huì)背痛。
②I’mgoingtoseehimnexttimehecomestoShenzhen.下一次他來(lái)深圳的時(shí)候,我會(huì)去看他的。
③HeleftEuropetheyearWorldWarⅡbrokeout.二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)的那一年他離開歐洲。
④HehadimpressedmethatwaythefirsttimeImethim.我第一次見到他的時(shí)候,他給我留下那樣的印象。
(3)有些詞,如immediately,directly,instantly,the(very)moment,theminute,theinstant等,當(dāng)用于assoonas的意義時(shí),也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,如:
①IgotintouchwithhimimmediatelyIreceivedhisletter.
②Mysistercamedirectlyshegotmymessage.
③Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton.
④I’lltellyouaboutitthemoment/theverymoment/theminute/theinstantyoucome.
(4)有些關(guān)聯(lián)從屬連詞,如nosooner…than/hardly…when/scarcely…when等,也能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
注意:如果把nosooner,hardly,scarcely,置于句首,它所連帶的這部分就要倒裝,如:
①Shehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshecried.
Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshecried.
②Theyhadhardlystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.
Hardlyhadtheystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.
4.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishbyusingthewordsinbracket.
(1)我一見到他就告訴他這個(gè)消息。(assoonas)
(2)她一來(lái)到教室,就開始讀英語(yǔ)。(assoonas)
(3)我剛一到家天就下雨了。(nosooner…than…)
(4)他剛做完試卷,鈴聲就響了。(hardly…when…)
(5)他一來(lái),你就可立即離開。(immediately)
(6)我一見到你,就認(rèn)出你來(lái)了。(themoment)
(7)每次見面,他都向我問(wèn)候,說(shuō)“你好!”(eachtime/everytime)
(8)到18歲的時(shí)候,她已大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。(bythetime)
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)I’lltellhimthenewsassoonasIseehim.
(2)Assoonasshecameintotheclassroom,shebegantoreadEnglish.
(3)Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain./NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.
(4)Hehadhardlyfinishedthetestwhenthebellrang./Hardlyhadhefinishedthetestwhenthebellrang.
(5)Youmayleaveimmediatelyhecomes.
(6)IrecognizedyouthemomentIsawyou.
(7)Hegreetedwith“Hello!”eachtimehesawme.
(8)Bythetimeshewas18,shehadalreadygraduatedfromtheuniversity.
Step3.Grammar(2)
1.AskSstoreadthefollowingsentencesandsaywhichoneisbetterandwhy.
Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn’tcometoschooltoseemethenextday.
Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn’t.
SuggestedAnswers:
Thesecondsentenceisbetterthanthefirstone.Becauseitleftoutthesamepartofonesentence.Itcanmakeuseasytounderstandandeasytoread.
2.AskSstoaddthewordswhichhavebeenleftoutandrewritethesentences.
(1)Sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.
(2)Seenthemoviebefore?
(3)Johnwasthewinnerin1994andBobin1998.
(4)–Whatdidyoudoyesterday?
–Justslept.Nothingelse.
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)(I’m)sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.
(2)(Haveyou)seenthemoviebefore?
(3)Johnwasthewinnerin1994andBob(was)thewinnerin1998.
(4)…Ijustslept.(Idid)nothingelse.
3.HelpSstodrawaconclusionofellipses.
(1)簡(jiǎn)單句省略
①省略主語(yǔ)IBegyourpardon./ItSoundsagoodidea./YouTakecare!
②省略謂語(yǔ)Whocomesnext?/We’lldothebestwecando.
③省略表語(yǔ)--Areyouready?--Yes,Iamready.
Tomisnotcruel,norishissistercruel.
④省略賓語(yǔ)Let’sdothedishes.I’llwashdishesandyou’lldrydishes.
⑤省略主謂Iamsorry.
⑥省略定語(yǔ)Hespentpartofthemoney,andtherestofthemoneyhesaved.
⑦省略主謂賓--DoyoulikeEnglish?--Yes,IlikeEnglishverymuch.
(2)復(fù)合句中的省略
①so,not的替代性省略
肯定:Ithink(hope,suppose,believe,expect,guess,amafraid)so.
否定:Idon’tthink(believe,suppose,expect)so.
Ithink(suppose,believe,expect,guess,hope,amafraid)not.
Eg—Doyouthinkitwillraintomorrow?
—Ithinkso./Idon’tthinkso./Ithinknot.
②狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略
(a)由when,while,as,once,whenever引導(dǎo)的時(shí)
間狀語(yǔ)從句
(b)if,unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句
(c)though,although,asif,as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句
EgWhenitisheated,apieceoficewillturnintowater.
Ifitisnecessary,Iwillapologizetohim.
Heoughtnottohavedonesoevenifitispossible.
Becarefulwhileyouarecrossingthestreet.
Don’tgetinwhileyouarespokento.
③賓語(yǔ)從句的省略Ibelievethatyouwillsucceed.
④定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞的省略(限定性定語(yǔ)從句)
EgI’llgiveyouallthatIhave.
Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhichyoutalktodoothers.
Shaoguanisnolongerthecitywhich/thatitusedtobe.
Iarrivedherethedaywhenheleft.
⑤省略從句與主句相同的部分
Don’teatmorefoodthanitisgoodfor.
(3)其他省略現(xiàn)象
①不定式中的省略(tell,ask,advise,permit,force,etc.)
Hemayleaveifhewishestoleave.
HewantedtogobutItoldhimnottogo.
--Couldyoucome?--I’mgladto/wouldlovetocome.
②have,make,let,feel,hear,notice,
observe,see,watch,listento,lookat
EgHemadethebabystopcrying.(主動(dòng)省to)
Thebabywasmadetostopcrying.(被動(dòng)還原to)
③不定式在happy,glad,eager,ready,willing,love后時(shí)可以省略,但要保留to
Eg–Wouldyoulovetocome?
--Yes,Iwouldlovetocome.
④有固定短語(yǔ)引起的疑問(wèn)句
EgWhatabouthavingagameofchess?
Whynottryagain?
4.AskSstochangethesentencesintoellipticalsentences.
(1)Shelikessingingandshelikesdancing.
(2)Isthisthedriverthatyoutalkedaboutyesterday?
(3)ThemanwhoissittingbythewindowisMr.Smith.
(4)Hecouldnotdecidewhethertobuythecarornottobuythecar.
(5)Whenitisheated,themetalexpands.
(6)Youcandoitifyouwanttodoit.
(7)Myfatherplanedallthesehousesandmyfatherbuiltallthesehouses.
(8)HeisthelastpersonthatIwanttosee.
(9)Heworkedhardbuthisbrotherdidnotworkhard.
(10)Whilehewasreadingthenewspaper,grandpanoddedfromtimetotime.
(11)Hewenttothedoctorbecausehehadtogotothedoctor.
(12)Thereferencebookswhichwereorderedlastmonthhaven’tarrivedyet.
(13)Wetestedthedepthofthewaterandthetemperatureofthewater.
(14)Althoughheisverybusy,hewilldoitforus.
(15)Youmayleaveifyouwishtoleave.
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)Shelikessingingandshelikesdancing.
(2)Isthisthedriverthatyoutalkedaboutyesterday?
(3)ThemanwhoissittingbythewindowisMr.Smith.
(4)Hecouldnotdecidewhethertobuythecarornottobuythecar.
(5)Whenitisheated,themetalexpands.
(6)Youcandoitifyouwanttodoit.
(7)Myfatherplanedallthesehousesandmyfatherbuiltallthesehouses.
(8)HeisthelastpersonthatIwanttosee.
(9)Heworkedhardbuthisbrotherdidnotworkhard.
(10)Whilehewasreadingthenewspaper,grandpanoddedfromtimetotime.
(11)Hewenttothedoctorbecausehehadtogotothedoctor.
(12)Thereferencebookswhichwereorderedlastmonthhaven’tarrivedyet.
(13)Wetestedthedepthofthewaterandthetemperatureofthewater.
(14)Althoughheisverybusy,hewilldoitforus.
(15)Youmayleaveifyouwishtoleave.
Step4.Homework
1.AskSstofinishGrammarActivitiesintheWorkbookonpage109~110.
2.AskSstoreviewwhatwehavelearnttoday.
3.AskSstopreviewReadingPractice.
Period5ReadingPractice
TeachingGoals:
1.ToenableSstolearnaboutmusicborninHongKong.
2.Tounderstandthewriter’sopiniononthetopicofHongKongmusic.
TeachingProcedures:
Step1.Revision
ChecktheanswerstotheGrammarexercisesintheWorkbook.
Step2.ReadingPractice
1.Showsomepopstars’picturesandasksomequestionsabouttheHongKongstars.Forexample,doyouknowwhoaretheKingsofCantopop?DoyouknowotherHongKongpopsingers?WhatdoyouknowaboutthemusicinHongKong?(ys575.cOm 述職報(bào)告之家)
2.AskSstoreadthepassageandmatchtheparagraphswiththedescriptions.
Para1A.Morallyhealthy
Para2B.worthfollowingasanexample
Para3C.widelypopular
Para4,5D.fashionable
Para6E.boomingwithoutpotentialproblems
Para7F.comingoutwiththehard-workingspirit
SuggestedAnswers:
Para1–CPara2–APara3–D
Para4,5–FPar6–EPara7–B
3.AskSstoletSsreadthepassageagainandfinishtheexercisesinActivities4,5and6onpage54.
4.AskSstodiscusstheimportantlanguagepointsingroups.Thengivethemsomeexplanation.
(1)Fromaregionofsevenmillionpeoplehasarisensomeofthegreatestpopmusicintheworld.從一個(gè)擁有7百萬(wàn)人的地區(qū)產(chǎn)生了一些世界上最流行的音樂(lè)。
ariseviarosearisen(問(wèn)題等)出現(xiàn),呈現(xiàn)
EgAnewdifficultyhasarisen.
※
riseviroserisen升起,提高,起床/身
EgThewardenrosefromthetable.
raisevtraisedraised舉起……,提出……
EgHeraisedhishandandwaved.
①Thesealevelhas______muchrecently.
②Thesun______intheeast.
③I’mwonderingifwecan________enoughmoneyforcharity.
④Hewillbethefirstonetoleavewhenthecrisis_______.
⑤AsfarasI’mconcerned,theincomeoffarmershasnotbeen_______.
⑥________lateisnotgoodforyourhealth.
⑦Hardlyhadwecomehomewhenthequarrel______.
⑧Goand_______thealarm!!
Keys:
①risen②rises③raise④arises⑤risen⑥Rising⑦arose⑧raise
(2)ButCantopopexpressesonlyharmonyandvirtue,andHongKongisblessedwiththemostconventionalmusicsceneintheworld.但是粵語(yǔ)流行音樂(lè)卻表現(xiàn)了一種和諧美,香港有幸成為世界上最傳統(tǒng)的音樂(lè)基地。
beblessedwith+n有幸得到……,具有……
EgHeisblessedwithgoodhealth.
(3)Thestarsdon’twearfancyclothes.歌星們并沒有穿新潮的衣服。
(4)They’resoneatandwell-behavedthatanymomwouldwanttheirkidstowatchthem.他們?nèi)绱说恼麧嵈蠓?,以至于每位做母親的都想讓他們的孩子們觀看這些歌星。
(5)Youcan’tbudgetforlookinggood,youjustneedablankcheque/checkandafashionconsultant.你不能為美化自己做好預(yù)算,只需要有空白的支票和時(shí)尚顧問(wèn)。
(6)Butsheclaimsthatsheisn’tvain.但是她聲明她并不自負(fù)。
invain徒勞地,枉然地
EgDon’tyouthinkallwehavedoneare(in)vain?
※asvainasapeacock像孔雀般地炫耀自己
(7)HongKongstarsworkhard,andpaceishot.香港的明星們工作都很努力,進(jìn)度非常快。
與pace有關(guān)的詞組:
keeppacewith與……齊步并進(jìn),與……并駕齊驅(qū)
showone’space顯示自己的本領(lǐng)
(8)Somemaketenmoviesayear,othersrecordfourCDsaswellaskeepingtoatightscheduleofconcertsandTVshows.一些明星一年拍十部電影,另外一些明星錄制四張唱片,而且音樂(lè)會(huì)、電視節(jié)目也排得很緊。
tightadj(時(shí)間、衣服)緊的,〈口〉睡個(gè)好覺
Eg①Ihaveputonsomuchweightthatallmyclothesaretight.
②Heissleepingtight.
(9)Otherwise,hewillsoonbeabandonedbyhiscompanyandhisfans.否則他會(huì)被公司和歌迷們拋棄。
(10)Whenthenewalbumscomeout,thestarsaremarketedlikeconsumerproducts,asteen-agersspendtheirallowanceonthelatestsongs.當(dāng)新專輯發(fā)行時(shí),明星就會(huì)像消費(fèi)產(chǎn)品一樣,被推向市場(chǎng),青少年會(huì)用自己的零花錢買最新的歌曲。
◆comeout此處當(dāng)“出版,發(fā)行”講,無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
EgTheauthor’snewbookwillsooncomeout.
※該短語(yǔ)還有許多別的意思,均無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):
Thewholestorycameoutduringtheprocessoftrial.(揭露)
Roseswillcomeoutlatebecauseofthecoldweather.(開花)
Therainstoppedandthesuncameout.(出現(xiàn))
Photosdidn’tcomeoutbecausetherewassomethingwrongwiththefilm.沖曬
◆spendmoney/timeonsth花錢(時(shí)間)在某事上
spendmoney/timeindoingsth花錢(時(shí)間)做某事
(11)Thefansaredevotedtotheirstars.歌迷非常喜歡他們的明星。
bedevotedtosth/doing熱愛,致力于,專心于,
①Hasn’thebeendevotedtotheexploitationofthenewenergy?
②Devotedtofindingakindofnewmedicine,helooksmucholderthanhisage.
※
◆devoted忠實(shí)的
Egadevotedfanadevotedfriendadevotedcomrade
◆devote…tosth/doing把……奉獻(xiàn)給……
Eg①HedevotedhiswholelifetoBluesmusic.
②Thegreatmotherdevotedallshehadtoteachingherchildrentomakethemgood.
(12)Theyyelltheirnamesatconcertsandbegforautographs.(Para6,L3)
beg(for)…from/ofsb向某人乞求,乞討……
EgManybeggarsarebeggingforfoodfrompassers-byinthestreet.
(13)Butthenewtalentisn’tfarbehind.(Para6,L8)
farbehind(表示程度,進(jìn)度)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于……
Don’tgothere!It’s______dangerous!(Key:C)
A.toofarB.toomanyC.fartooD.toomuch
5.LetSsthinkabouttheirfavoritepopstars.Askthemwhytheylikethemandtheirmusic.
Step3.Homework
1.AskSstofinishReadingActivitiesintheWorkbookonpage112~113.
2.AskSstoreviewwhatwehavelearnttoday.
3.AskSstopreviewReadingWriting.
Period6ReadingandWriting,ModuleFile
TeachingGoals:
1.ToenableSstoreadandwriteaboutstudyhabits.
2.ToletSsreviewwhattheyhavelearntinthismodule.
TeachingProcedures:
Step1.Revision
CheckReadingActivitiesintheworkbookonpage112~113.
Step2.ReadingandWriting
Purpose:ToenableSstoreadandwriteaboutstudyhabits..
1.LetSstalkabouttheirfavoritekindofmusic.
2.AskSstoreadthepassagequicklyandfinishActivity1onpage52.
3.AskSstodiscussthequestionsinActivity2andsharetheirideasingroupmembers.
4.TopicforSs:Basedonwhatyouhavediscussedjustnow,writeadescriptionofyourstudyhabits.
Onepossibleversion:
IlikelisteningtomusicwhenIstudybecauseIfinditconcentratesmeonwhatIamdoing.Ipreferstudyinginanenvironmentthatfillswithmusic.Butformyself,Ithinksoftmusicthebestchooseformystudy.Ifforrockorrap,Iwouldsay“Noway”becausetheyaretoonoisy.IfmyparentsheardmusiccomingfrommybedroomtheywouldknowthatIwasstudying!IamnotsurewhethermyscoreswillimproveifIlistentoMozartwhenIrevise,butitsoundslikeagoodidea.
Step3.ModuleFile
Purpose:ToenableSstomakeaconclusionofthismoduleanddeepenwhattheyhavelearnedinthemodule.
AskSstolookatModuleFileonpage14andtrytorecallwhattheyhavelearntinthemodule.Thentickthethingstheyaresurethattheyknowandputaquestionmarknexttothepointstheyarenotsureofandacrosstowhattheydon’tknow.
HelpSstosharetheirideasanddealwiththedifficultorconfusingpoint.
Step5.Homework
AskSstorevisealltheusefulwordsandexpressionsinthepassageandtrytomakesomesentences.
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1.用圖例說(shuō)明天體系統(tǒng)的層次,以及地球在宇宙中的位置。
2.運(yùn)用圖表資說(shuō)明地球是太陽(yáng)系中一顆既普通又特殊的行星。
3.分析地球的宇宙位置及自身?xiàng)l件,理解地球上出現(xiàn)生命的原因。
[教學(xué)重點(diǎn)]
1、地球在宇宙中的位置。
2、地球的普通性和特殊性。
[教學(xué)難點(diǎn)]
地球上存在生命的原因
[教學(xué)過(guò)程]
(導(dǎo)入新課)太陽(yáng)的東升西落、晝夜交替、斗轉(zhuǎn)星移這些現(xiàn)象我們都是很熟悉的,你們當(dāng)中有誰(shuí)知道在地球上這些現(xiàn)象為什么會(huì)產(chǎn)生嗎?地球上為什么會(huì)有生命?其它星球上有沒有生命呢?這就是我們這節(jié)課里將要學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容。
(講授新課)
一、地球在宇宙中的位置
1、宇宙是由物質(zhì)組成的
①天體類型
A、恒星 由熾熱氣體組成,自身能發(fā)光發(fā)熱的球狀或類似球狀的天體
B、星云 由氣體和塵埃組成的呈云霧狀外表的天體
C、行星 在橢圓形軌道上環(huán)繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)行的、近似球形的天體。自身不能發(fā)光。
D、衛(wèi)星 環(huán)繞行星運(yùn)行的、質(zhì)量很小的一種天體。月球是地球的惟一的一顆衛(wèi)星。
E、流星體 行星際空間的塵粒和固體小塊。沿同一軌道繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)行的大群流星體,稱為流星群,闖入地球大氣層的流星體,因同大氣摩擦而產(chǎn)生的光跡,劃過(guò)長(zhǎng)空,好像從空中的某一點(diǎn)向外散射開,這種現(xiàn)象叫做流星體。
F、彗星 在扁長(zhǎng)軌道上繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)行的一種質(zhì)量較小的天體,呈云霧狀。
此外,還有其它的星際物質(zhì)。其中,恒星和星云是兩種最基本的天體
(附:練習(xí)鞏固對(duì)天體特征知識(shí)的理解和認(rèn)識(shí))
②天體系統(tǒng)的層次
任何天體在宇宙中都有自己的位置,各天體之間相互吸引相互繞轉(zhuǎn),形成天體系統(tǒng)。各級(jí)天體系統(tǒng)的組成如下:
A、地月系 月球繞地球轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)形成地月系。地球是中心天體,月球是地球的惟一的天然衛(wèi)星。
B、太陽(yáng)系 太陽(yáng)、地球和其他行星及其衛(wèi)星、小行星、彗星、流星體、星際物質(zhì)構(gòu)成太陽(yáng)系。
C、銀河系 太陽(yáng)系和其他恒星系構(gòu)成銀河系。在銀河系以外,還有大約10億個(gè)同其相類似的天體系統(tǒng),人稱河外星系。
D、總星系 銀河系和現(xiàn)階段所能觀測(cè)到的河外星系,統(tǒng)稱為總星系。
天體系統(tǒng)共分為四個(gè)等級(jí),按照從低級(jí)到高給的順序依次為:行星系——恒星系——星系——總星系
二、地球是太陽(yáng)系中一顆既普通又特殊的行星
1、地球是一顆普通的行星
①八大行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)特征:同向性、共面性、近圓性
②八大行星的結(jié)構(gòu)特征
劃分依據(jù):距日距離、質(zhì)量、體積
分類:類地行星(水金地火)、巨行星(木土)、遠(yuǎn)日行星(天海)
2、地球是一顆特殊的行星
表現(xiàn):地球上存在生命
原因:A、日地距離適中——適于生命姓的發(fā)展的溫度條件
B、質(zhì)量和體積適中——吸附大氣,形成包圍地球的大氣層
C、地球的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和物質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)——原始海洋的形成。
地球是太陽(yáng)系中目前已知的惟一一顆適合生物生存和繁衍的行星,究其原因,除其所處的位置及自身?xiàng)l件外,還和它所處的宇宙環(huán)境的很大的關(guān)系。在太陽(yáng)系中,大小行星繞日公轉(zhuǎn)方向一致,而且繞日公轉(zhuǎn)軌道幾乎在同一個(gè)平面上,大小行星各行其道,互不干擾,使地球處于一種比較安全的宇宙環(huán)境之中。
[課堂小結(jié)]
1.用圖例說(shuō)明天體系統(tǒng)的層次,以及地球在宇宙中的位置
2.運(yùn)用圖表資說(shuō)明地球是太陽(yáng)系中一顆既普通又特殊的行星
3.分析地球的宇宙位置及自身?xiàng)l件,理解地球上出現(xiàn)生命的原因
[課堂練習(xí)]
針對(duì)每個(gè)教學(xué)目標(biāo)而選取的題目,有助于學(xué)生理解所學(xué)知識(shí)并對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)鞏固。
[優(yōu)質(zhì)教案] 高中主題教案壹篇
一名優(yōu)秀的教師在每次教學(xué)前有自己的事先計(jì)劃,作為教師就要在上課前做好適合自己的教案。教案可以讓學(xué)生們能夠在上課時(shí)充分理解所教內(nèi)容,幫助授課經(jīng)驗(yàn)少的教師教學(xué)。優(yōu)秀有創(chuàng)意的教案要怎樣寫呢?小編收集并整理了“[優(yōu)質(zhì)教案] 高中主題教案壹篇”,歡迎您參考,希望對(duì)您有所助益!
【活動(dòng)目的】為了使全班同學(xué)進(jìn)一步了解、理解新的《中學(xué)生日常行為規(guī)范》要求,增強(qiáng)班級(jí)凝聚力,使學(xué)生能把規(guī)范的要求內(nèi)化為自己自覺的行動(dòng),做一個(gè)遵規(guī)守紀(jì)、誠(chéng)實(shí)守信、勤奮向上的中學(xué)生。
【活動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)介】以學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)行為規(guī)范為中心,通過(guò)生活實(shí)例窺探、行規(guī)討論交流、反面案例啟示、文明倡議書簽名等一系列程序活動(dòng)對(duì)本班學(xué)生進(jìn)行行為規(guī)范教育。
【活動(dòng)要求】注重人人參與,講究活動(dòng)秩序,聯(lián)系實(shí)際。
【主持人】班主任
【活動(dòng)地點(diǎn)】
【活動(dòng)過(guò)程】
主持人語(yǔ):
班主任:同學(xué)們,今天我們大家在這個(gè)教室里開展開學(xué)以來(lái)第一次班隊(duì)活動(dòng),我想,咱們開學(xué)已經(jīng)一個(gè)月多了,我不知道大家對(duì)中學(xué)生日常行為規(guī)范是否有所了解,又是否落實(shí)到行動(dòng)中了.今天我們就針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題舉辦一次班隊(duì)活動(dòng).
一、由生活中的點(diǎn)滴談起
二、《是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)》
班主任:我國(guó)著名教育家葉圣陶說(shuō)過(guò):“什么是教育,簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)就是養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣?!绷?xí)慣成自然,好的習(xí)慣是遵規(guī)守紀(jì)的結(jié)果,好的習(xí)慣能夠規(guī)范我們的行為。壞的習(xí)慣卻能誤導(dǎo)我們的行為,甚至可能讓我們誤入歧途,走上不歸路。那么平時(shí)我們的一些做法或者習(xí)慣是不是符合規(guī)范呢?下面進(jìn)入第一個(gè)活動(dòng):判斷下面說(shuō)法是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)。
(1)要考試了,我的鋼筆不見了,小龍不在,我拿他的用一下(╳)
(2)不入二廳是指不入游戲廳和舞廳.(√)
(3)同學(xué)之間互相尊重、團(tuán)結(jié)互助、理解寬容、真誠(chéng)相待、正常交往,不以大欺小,不欺侮同學(xué),不戲弄他人,發(fā)生矛盾多做自我批評(píng)。(√)
(4)吃飯時(shí)要做到邊吃邊聊,這樣才越吃越香(╳)
(5)手中有廢紙或其他垃圾隨手丟在路邊,反正沒有人看見(╳)
(6)按時(shí)到校,不遲到,不早退,不曠課。(√)
(7)上課太累人了,我趴在桌子上睡一會(huì)兒再說(shuō)(╳)
(8)別人不小心踩到你的腳,立即給你道歉了,你說(shuō)沒關(guān)系(√)
(9)認(rèn)真值日,保持教室、校園整潔優(yōu)美。不在教室和校園內(nèi)追逐打鬧喧嘩,維護(hù)學(xué)校良好秩序(√)
(10)晚上休息時(shí)間到了,我睡不著,干脆出去散散步回來(lái)再睡(╳)
(11)前面是我們的老師,我們趕緊繞道而行吧,免得給他打招呼(╳)
(12)不說(shuō)臟話,不罵人,不打架,不賭博。不涉足未成年人不宜的活動(dòng)和場(chǎng)所(√)
(13)這些作業(yè)我不會(huì)做,不如拿同桌的來(lái)抄抄吧。(╳)
(14)排隊(duì)時(shí)可以大聲喧嘩、勾肩搭背,只要不被老師看見就行了。(╳)
三、答題競(jìng)賽:(全體同學(xué)參與,贏取小獎(jiǎng)品)
(班長(zhǎng))非常感謝三組同學(xué)的表演,為了檢驗(yàn)同學(xué)們今天的收獲,下面我們開展答題競(jìng)賽活動(dòng),請(qǐng)同學(xué)們積極參與,看誰(shuí)回答的有快有正確。
填空題
1、乘公共汽車,給老,弱,病,殘,孕及環(huán)抱嬰兒者讓座
2、上課遲到者應(yīng)在教室門口喊“報(bào)告”,經(jīng)教師同意后再進(jìn)教室。
3、出操集隊(duì)時(shí)要做到快、靜、齊。
4、學(xué)生要做到穿戴整潔、樸素大方,男生不留長(zhǎng)發(fā),女生不穿高跟鞋。
5、按時(shí)到校,不遲到,不早退,不曠課。
《離騷》教案
《離騷》教案
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1.學(xué)會(huì)吟誦古詩(shī)詞,注意節(jié)拍、重音。
2.培養(yǎng)通過(guò)把握詩(shī)文形象,深入體會(huì)作者的思想感情的能力。
3.通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)《離騷》,理解詩(shī)人熱愛祖國(guó)、憂國(guó)憂民的情懷,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生愛國(guó)憂民的思想感情,并學(xué)習(xí)詩(shī)人不與惡勢(shì)力同流合污,執(zhí)著追求理想的高尚節(jié)操。
教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
1.通過(guò)鑒賞《離騷》的優(yōu)美詩(shī)句,學(xué)習(xí)屈原追求美政、憂國(guó)憂民的高尚品德。
2.品味、鑒賞詩(shī)歌的比興藝術(shù)手法,藝術(shù)價(jià)值。
教學(xué)難點(diǎn)
1.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)詩(shī)作中疑難的字、詞及表達(dá)含蓄的句子的理解。
2.有感情、有節(jié)奏地誦讀并背誦課文。
教學(xué)方法
1、運(yùn)用誦讀法、逐節(jié)誦讀、講講背背,指點(diǎn)難字讀音、難字詞義。
2、運(yùn)用討論法,讓學(xué)生理解詩(shī)中作者的愛國(guó)憂民感情及他為追求理想而九死未悔的精神。
3、通過(guò)比較閱讀法,延展課堂內(nèi)容,開闊學(xué)生的視野,充實(shí)對(duì)作品的理解。
課時(shí)安排
3課時(shí)
教學(xué)步驟
第一課時(shí)
一.導(dǎo)入
這副對(duì)聯(lián)說(shuō)的是哪一位作家?——何處招魂,香草還生三戶地。當(dāng)年呵壁,湘流應(yīng)識(shí)九歌心。
這是詩(shī)人中的詩(shī)人,高峰上的高峰,王者中的王者。王者歸來(lái)。今天我們來(lái)觸摸他的靈魂,《離騷》就是屈子真情的告白。誰(shuí)來(lái)說(shuō)一說(shuō)屈原?
二.屈原及相關(guān)內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介
學(xué)生已預(yù)習(xí)了《新新學(xué)案》上關(guān)于屈原及作品的介紹,課堂上只讓學(xué)生根據(jù)預(yù)習(xí)情況來(lái)說(shuō)。
1.屈原,名平,字原。戰(zhàn)國(guó)末期楚國(guó)人,杰出的政治家和愛國(guó)詩(shī)人。在中國(guó)歷史上,屈原是一位最受人民景仰和熱愛的詩(shī)人。所以在屈原投江自盡的日子,民間有粽子、賽龍舟的習(xí)俗。1953年,屈原還被列為世界“四大文化名人”(另有波蘭哥白尼、英國(guó)沙士比亞、意大利單丁)之一,受到世界和平理事會(huì)和全世界人民的隆重紀(jì)念。
2.屈原作品
《離騷》、《天問(wèn)》《九歌》《九章》《漁父》《招魂》等,其中《離騷》是屈原的代表作,也是中國(guó)古代文學(xué)史上最長(zhǎng)的一首浪漫主義的政治抒情詩(shī)。屈原的作品是他堅(jiān)持“美政”理想,與腐朽的楚國(guó)貴族集團(tuán)進(jìn)行斗爭(zhēng)的實(shí)錄,表現(xiàn)了他憂國(guó)憂民、愛國(guó)愛民、矢志獻(xiàn)身于祖國(guó)的決心。
3.風(fēng)騷。屈原是中國(guó)文學(xué)史上第一位偉大的愛國(guó)詩(shī)人。屈原的出現(xiàn),不僅標(biāo)志著中國(guó)詩(shī)歌進(jìn)入了一個(gè)由集體歌唱到個(gè)人獨(dú)創(chuàng)的新時(shí)代,而且他所開創(chuàng)的新詩(shī)體——楚辭,突破了《詩(shī)經(jīng)》的表現(xiàn)形式,極大地豐富了詩(shī)歌的表現(xiàn)力,為中國(guó)古代的詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作開辟了一片新天地。后人也因此將《楚辭》與《詩(shī)經(jīng)》并稱為“風(fēng)騷”?!帮L(fēng)騷”是中國(guó)詩(shī)歌史上現(xiàn)實(shí)主義和浪漫主義兩大優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)的源頭。同時(shí),以屈原為代表的楚辭還影響到漢賦的形成。
漢代以來(lái),屈原在中國(guó)歷史上地位日漸崇高,影響愈加深遠(yuǎn)。五千年中華文明史少不了屈原,燦爛的中國(guó)文學(xué)史少不了屈原。屈原的偉大,一是他矢志不移的愛國(guó)精神,不屈不撓的斗爭(zhēng)精神,不與奸佞小人同流合污的高風(fēng)亮節(jié)。二是他用畢生心血寫成的20多首詩(shī)歌,成為中國(guó)文學(xué)史上的瑰寶,世界文學(xué)殿堂的精品。
凡一代有一代之文學(xué),楚之騷,漢之賦,六朝之駢語(yǔ),唐之詩(shī),宋之詞,元之曲,皆所謂一代之文學(xué),而后世莫能繼焉者也。(王國(guó)維)
4.關(guān)于楚辭
“楚辭”戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期興起于楚國(guó)的一種詩(shī)歌形式,亦稱“楚辭體”。楚辭中最有代表性的作品是屈原的《離騷》,所以后人也有用“騷”指代楚辭的,故稱“騷體詩(shī)”。楚辭發(fā)源于中國(guó)江淮流域楚地的歌謠,書楚語(yǔ),作楚聲,記楚地,名楚物。在語(yǔ)言形式上,突破了《詩(shī)經(jīng)》以四字句為主的格局,句法參差錯(cuò)落,靈活多變;句中句尾多用“兮”字以助語(yǔ)勢(shì),造成起伏回宕、一唱三嘆的韻致,富有抒情成分和浪漫色彩。楚辭的出現(xiàn)標(biāo)志著我國(guó)文學(xué)史的詩(shī)歌的新發(fā)展,是《詩(shī)經(jīng)》以后的一次詩(shī)體創(chuàng)新和解放。
《楚辭》:西漢劉向編輯的收錄屈原等人詩(shī)歌的一本詩(shī)歌總集。
三.解題
《離騷》是屈原一生尋求愛國(guó)真理并為之奮斗不息的一個(gè)縮影,是我國(guó)古典文學(xué)中最長(zhǎng)的一首政治抒情詩(shī),《離騷》是屈原最重要的代表作。全詩(shī)全詩(shī)372句,分93節(jié),共2464字。
四.誦讀
1、請(qǐng)大家朗讀這段用血淚寫成的文字,注意在形式上這首詩(shī)有什么特點(diǎn)?
力拔山兮氣蓋世,時(shí)不利兮騅不逝。騅不逝兮可奈何,虞兮虞兮奈如何。
楚辭體或叫騷體,兮就是一個(gè)標(biāo)志,如去掉兮后再讀一遍(生讀)?!百狻笔谷?shī)一直在回環(huán)往復(fù)的旋律中進(jìn)行,具有很強(qiáng)的節(jié)奏感。“兮”字具有特別強(qiáng)烈的詠嘆表情色彩、構(gòu)成詩(shī)歌節(jié)奏的能力,同時(shí),“兮”字句作為一種文化存在,反映了荊楚民族的自由浪漫精神和屈原的悲怨憤激情緒?!百狻痹诰渲衅鹆似渌撛~所無(wú)法替代的特殊作用,從而構(gòu)成一種獨(dú)特的意味。聞一多認(rèn)為“兮確乎是詩(shī)歌的核心與原動(dòng)力”。項(xiàng)羽是楚國(guó)的貴族,生當(dāng)做人杰,死亦為鬼雄,頂天立地的男子漢,是女性中的偶像,同樣是楚國(guó)的貴族《離騷》中屈原是怎樣的形象呢?
2、老師朗讀:
第一遍,要求學(xué)生注意聽準(zhǔn)字音及句子的節(jié)奏。注意下列字詞的讀音。
kuāzhuóchàchìjíguòmiǎn
修姱謠諑侘傺岌岌攘詬偭規(guī)矩
第二遍,讓學(xué)生輕聲跟讀。
第三遍,讓學(xué)生大聲朗讀。
3、指名學(xué)生朗讀,指正生字的讀音及句子的節(jié)奏把握詩(shī)的節(jié)奏,在理解的基礎(chǔ)上誦讀,在反復(fù)誦讀中進(jìn)一步理解
(1)把握詩(shī)的節(jié)奏
騷體詩(shī)的節(jié)奏要復(fù)雜一些,但仍有規(guī)律可循,這就是每個(gè)詩(shī)句都可以分成兩半,中間用虛詞連接,前一半占兩拍,后一半看起來(lái)似乎只有一拍,但加上延長(zhǎng)音或停頓,其實(shí)也是兩拍。所以,它的基本句式是:
X——XX虛詞XX(空拍或加語(yǔ)尾助詞),一般一句是三四個(gè)節(jié)拍。
下面試從課文中舉幾個(gè)例子,虛詞皆加括號(hào)。
長(zhǎng)——太息(以)——掩涕(兮),
哀——民生(之)——多艱。
芳——與澤(其)——雜糅(兮),
唯——昭質(zhì)(其猶)——未虧。
《離騷》本來(lái)是用楚地曲調(diào)吟誦的,音樂(lè)性很強(qiáng),誦讀時(shí)首先要?jiǎng)澐趾霉?jié)奏。誦讀時(shí),上分句末字“兮”,猶如現(xiàn)之“啊”,讀音要稍長(zhǎng),押韻的字要重讀,反復(fù)練習(xí),直至口熟。
(2)體味詩(shī)的情感
朗讀時(shí)還要把握每一節(jié)的主旨,一節(jié)一節(jié)地讀,邊讀邊體會(huì)詩(shī)人的感情。
例如:第一部分第1節(jié)主要是說(shuō)他因進(jìn)諫而遭貶黜,接著就說(shuō)到朝中小人如何誣蔑他,而君王卻執(zhí)迷不悟,由此他想到當(dāng)時(shí)政治上的壞風(fēng)氣:投機(jī)取巧,不顧公理,造謠中傷,產(chǎn)生了孤獨(dú)感。但他決不同流合污,把個(gè)人的安危置之度外;終于得出“伏清白以死直”的結(jié)論,這種精神是極為感人的。
第二部分說(shuō)既黜之后,該怎么辦?反省自己,是否沒有看清道路,返回去呢?承著反省的思想,檢查自己的進(jìn)退、制衣,肯定了自己的美好品質(zhì)及政治主張“茍余情其信芳”,“唯昭質(zhì)其猶未虧”,信念更加堅(jiān)定,為了尋求理想,“雖體解吾猶未變兮,豈余心之可懲”。偉大的浪漫主義詩(shī)人屈原的剛正不阿,一身正氣,嫉惡如仇,不同流合污;潔身自好,自我完善;堅(jiān)持真理,獻(xiàn)身理想;憂國(guó)憂民,熱愛祖國(guó)的情感無(wú)不激勵(lì)著一代代仁人志士,為光明自由幸福而斗爭(zhēng)。在今天仍有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
4、請(qǐng)同學(xué)們集體讀一遍課文,要讀出語(yǔ)氣。
五布置作業(yè)
1.詩(shī)人謳歌、追求的是怎樣的理想?(找出詩(shī)句,并稍加闡述)
2.你最喜愛哪些詩(shī)句?在這些詩(shī)中,詩(shī)人抒發(fā)了怎樣的感情?對(duì)你有什么啟示?
附:板書設(shè)計(jì)
離騷
屈原
線索:誶替退往
內(nèi)容:直言進(jìn)諫替而不悔謹(jǐn)慎審度斗志彌堅(jiān)
情感波瀾:跌宕起伏
ThemysteryoftheMoonstone教案
一名優(yōu)秀的教師就要對(duì)每一課堂負(fù)責(zé),高中教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案,這是教師工作中的一部分。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠聽懂教師所講的內(nèi)容,幫助高中教師營(yíng)造一個(gè)良好的教學(xué)氛圍。優(yōu)秀有創(chuàng)意的高中教案要怎樣寫呢?以下是小編為大家收集的“ThemysteryoftheMoonstone教案”供大家借鑒和使用,希望大家分享!
ThemysteryoftheMoonstone教案ReferenceforTeaching?
Ⅰ.異域風(fēng)情?
1.TheStillwaterSecret?
Thetruth?
Hewasstandingnexttothestatueagain.Helookedannoyed.?
“I...Igotlost,”Isaid.“Whoareyou?”?
Heansweredinavoicethatwascoldandhard.“MynameisEdwardStark,”hesaid.?
“Whyareyouhere?”Iasked.?
Hetooksomemomentstoanswer.“Ijust...comehere,”hesaidatlast.“Maybeit’sbecausehe’shere.”Helookedupatthestatue.“Perhapswhenhegoes...Idon’tknow.”?
WasIimaginingit,ordidthegroundmoveundermyfeet??
“GeorgeBlackwoodandmyfatherwerebusinesspartners,”hewenton.“ButBlackwoodrippedhimoff.”Helaughedbitterly—alaughwhichmademybloodruncold.“PeopleinthetownthoughtGeorgewasarealgoldenboy,andtheyevenmadehimmayor.Thenfiveyearsago,hetriedtocheatsomebodyelse,andtheystartedtolookatallthebusinessesthathehadhadahandin.Theydiscoveredthathe’dbeenathiefforyears.”Theboyfrowned,andlookedaway.“Butshesuspectedsomething.Sheknew.”?
“She?”Isaid.?
“Hisdaughter,Betty,”saidEdwardStark.“IlovedBetty,andweeventalkedaboutgettingmarried.ThenmyfatherdiscoveredthatBlackwoodhadcheatedhimoutofnearlyhalfamilliondollars!Henearlywentoutofhismindwithworry,tryingtoproveit.Buthefailed.Thensoonafter,hehadaheartattackwhilehewasdrivinghiscar.Thecarcrashed,andheandhispassagerwerebothkilled.ItwasBlackwoodwhokilledmyfather—murderer!”?
“Who...wasthepassenger?”Iasked.ButIknewtheanswer.?
“Iwas,”hesaid.?
“You’redead,”Isaid.I’mtalkingtoaghost,Ithought.?
Helaughed.“Dead?Yes,IguessIam.Andyou’rethefirstpersonwhohaseverbeenabletoseeme.”?
“I’mBetty’sdaughter,”Isaid.?
“Ah!Isee,”hesaid.Therewasafar-awaylookinhiseyes.
“IlovedBettyverymuch.”?
“Whendidyou...?”Ibegan.?
“Die?”hesaid.“December1st,1975.”?
TwodaysbeforeTheBigArgument!Ithought.TwodaysbeforemymotherleftStillwater.?
Suddenly,thepathmovedundermyfeet.Thestatuebegantoshake.?
“It’sanotherslide!”criedEdward.“Thechiff’sgoing!”?
2.TheStillwaterSecret?
Anarrowescape?
Ifellontomykneesanddesperatelytriedtograbholdofsomething—anything!?
“Helpme!”Iscreamed.Iwasslippingdownwardswiththeground.?
IcouldseeEdward’sfaceaboveme—andbehindhimthestatuewasstartingtofall!?
“Here!Grabmyhand!”Edwardshouted.Buthisvoiceseemedfaraway.?
Iputoutahand...andheldsomething.Amomentlateritwaspullingmeup.?
Thensuddenlythestatuecamecrashingdownpastme,lessthanhalfametreaway.Itwasaverynarrowescape.?
Ilookedatmyhand.Iwasholdingontoatree.?
Therewasalightaboveme.“Somebody’sdownthere!”shoutedaman.?
“Where?”shoutedanotherman.?
“Inthetree!Look!”?
Aminutelater,aropewasthrowndowntome.?
“Canyougetahandonit?”shoutedoneofthemen.“Putyourfootintherope,thenwecanpullyouup.”?
Itriedtostopshaking,putoutahandandheldtherope.ThenImanagedtoclimbontoit.?
“Holdon!”Cameashout.?
Slowly,thetwomenpulledmeupthesideofthecliff.WhenIgottothetop,Isawthattheywerepolicemen.?
“AreyouOK?”oneofthemasked.?
“Yes,”Isaid,althoughIwasactuallyscaredstiff.?
“Weweredrivingoutalongthecliffroad,”hesaid,helpingmeacrosstothepolicecar.“Weheardthecliffgo.Wereyoualonedownthere?”?
“No...yes...Imean...”Isatinthecarandtriedtostopshaking.Oneofthemputacoatovermyshoulders.?
“What’swrong?”heasked.?
“Theeyes...”Ibegan,butthenIstopped.HowcouldIexplain?Icouldstillseethestatueinmyhead—thebeardedface,theeyes.Theeyeshadlookedatme,Iwassureofit.Andtheeyeswerealive—Iwouldsweartoit!?
“Whatwereyoudoingdownthere?”thesamepolicemanwasaskingme.?
“Learningthetruth,”Isaidafteramoment.“Learningabouthatred.”?
DiscoveringtheStillwatersecret,Ithought.?
Ⅱ.知識(shí)歸納?
1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone的用法?
(1)“must+have+過(guò)去分詞”表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的推測(cè),意思是“一定,準(zhǔn)是”,只用于肯定句。?
Thestreetsarewet;itmusthaverained.?
街道是濕的,準(zhǔn)是下雨了。?
說(shuō)明:若要表示否定,則要用“can’t或couldn’t+have+過(guò)去分詞”這一形式,意思是“不可能”。
Thelightisstillon;shecan’thavegonetosleep.?
燈還亮著,她不可能睡著了。?
(2)“may(might)+have+過(guò)去分詞”表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的推測(cè),一般只用于肯定句或否定句中(疑問(wèn)句中用can或could),含有“想必,也許,可能已經(jīng)……”等意思,其否定形式有“可能不會(huì)”之意。?
Thechildrenmayhavegonetobed.?
孩子們可能已經(jīng)上床睡覺了。?
Theymightnothavesettledtheproblem.?
他們可能尚未解決那個(gè)問(wèn)題。?
說(shuō)明:may和might含義基本相同,might所表示的可能性比may弱,語(yǔ)氣也更加委婉。?
(3)“should+have+過(guò)去分詞”表示過(guò)去該做而實(shí)際上未做的事,意思是“本應(yīng)該”,它的否定式表示不應(yīng)該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了的行為,意思是“本不應(yīng)該”。?
Heshouldhavehandedinhomeworkyesterday.?
他本應(yīng)該昨天就交作業(yè)的。?
(4)“oughtto+have+過(guò)去分詞”,表示過(guò)去“早應(yīng)該、本當(dāng)”之意,語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng),常含有“責(zé)備、不贊成”的口氣。?
Weoughttohavegivenhermorehelp.?
我們本應(yīng)該給她更多的幫助。(實(shí)際上沒做到)?
(5)“should+have過(guò)去分詞”還能表示“可能、揣想、推斷”,常譯成“應(yīng)該已經(jīng),可能已經(jīng)”。?
Heshouldhavedoneitalready.?
他應(yīng)該已經(jīng)做完了。?
(6)“can(could)+have+過(guò)去分詞”表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的懷疑或不肯定。這時(shí),它只能用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。?
Canshehavedonetheexercises??
她會(huì)做完練習(xí)嗎??
(7)“needn’t+have+過(guò)去分詞”表示本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了。?
Youneedn’thavewaitedforme.?
你們本來(lái)不必等我的。(但實(shí)際上等了)?
2.trouble短語(yǔ)歸納?
(1)getintotrouble惹上麻煩(如因犯錯(cuò)所致)?
Evenanexperiencedclimbercangetintotrouble.?
哪怕是個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的登山者也能陷入困境。?
(2)getsb.intotrouble給某人惹上麻煩?
Don’tmentionmynameoryou’llgetmeintotrouble.?
別提我的名字,免得給我惹麻煩。?
(3)gototroubletodosomething不辭勞苦、不怕費(fèi)事做某事?
ThankyouforgoingtosomuchtroubletofindwhatIwaslookingfor.?
多謝你這么費(fèi)心找到了我要找的東西。?
(4)beintrouble在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中?
Iftheycan’tkeeptotheschedule,they’llbeintrouble.?
他們不按時(shí)完成計(jì)劃就要倒大霉了。?
(5)maketrouble(forsb.)制造麻煩,搗亂?
IfIsayno,thebosswillonlymaketroubleforme.?
我要說(shuō)個(gè)“不”字,老板準(zhǔn)跟我過(guò)不去。?
(6)takethetroubletodosth.不怕費(fèi)事或困難盡力做某事?
Decentjournalistsshouldtakethetroubletochecktheirfacts.?
責(zé)任心強(qiáng)的新聞工作者應(yīng)該不厭其煩地核實(shí)報(bào)道內(nèi)容。?
Ⅲ.詞語(yǔ)辨析?
1.ashamed,shameful?
(1)ashamed“感到羞恥、覺得慚愧、不好意思”,表示主語(yǔ)主觀認(rèn)為是可恥的,beashamedofdoingsth.,beashamedofoneselffordoingsth.指因?yàn)樽隽四呈露X得羞愧。如果用beashamedtodosth..則可理解為“覺得可恥而不愿做某事”或“因做了某事而覺得可恥”。?
Hewasashamedofbeingunabletosolvetheproblem.?
他因?yàn)榻鉀Q不了那個(gè)問(wèn)題而感到羞愧。?
I’mashamedtoleaveyouthisway.?
就這樣離開你,我感到慚愧。?
(2)shameful表示事物本身的客觀性質(zhì)是“可恥的”。?
Tostealmoneyfromablindpersonisashamefulact.?
偷盲人的錢是可恥的行為。?
說(shuō)明:ashamed只能作表語(yǔ),而shameful作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)均可。?
2.apologizeto,apologizefor?
apologizetosb.(=saysorrytosb.)意思是“向某人道歉”,不能說(shuō)apologizesb.;“代替某人向某人道歉”可用apologizetosb.forsb.(tosb.是給某人道歉,forsb.是替某人);“因?yàn)槟呈孪蚰橙说狼浮笨捎胊pologizetosb.forsth.。?
Youaresorudetoyoursister,andyoumustapologizetoher.?
你對(duì)你姐姐太無(wú)禮了,你必須向她道歉。?
Tom,Iwanttoapologizetoyouforusall.?
湯姆,我想代表我們大伙向你道歉。?
Heapologizedtomeforhisbeinglate.?
他因遲到向我道歉。?
3.thinkabout,thinkof,thinkover?
(1)thinkabout和thinkof這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)表示下列意義時(shí),其意義和用法相同,可以互換。?
①考慮?
Don’tthinkof/aboutmeanymore.?
不要再考慮我。?
②對(duì)……有某種看法?
Whatdoyouthinkof/aboutthestory??
你認(rèn)為這個(gè)故事怎么樣??
(2)thinkof表示下列意義時(shí),一般不和thinkabout互換。?
①想要,打算?
Areyoureallythinkingofmarryinghim??
你真的打算和他結(jié)婚嗎??
②想出,想到?
Whothoughtofthegoodidea??
誰(shuí)想出的那個(gè)好主意??
③關(guān)心、想著?
Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.?
他老是為別人著想。?
④想起、記得?
Ican’tthinkofhername.?
我想不起她的名字。?
(3)thinkabout表示下列意義時(shí)一般不和thinkof替換。?
①“回想”過(guò)去的事情?
IoftenthoughtaboutwhatyousaidlasttimeImetyou.?
我常常想到上次見到你時(shí)你說(shuō)的話。?
②“考慮”某事、某計(jì)劃是否切實(shí)可行?
I’llthinkabouthissuggestion,andgivehimananswertomorrow.?
我要考慮一下他的建議,明天給他答復(fù)。?
(4)thinkover意為“仔細(xì)考慮”。?
Thinkover,andyou’llfindaway.?
仔細(xì)考慮一下,你就會(huì)有辦法的。?
Ⅳ.能力訓(xùn)練?
1.從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。?
(1)(NMET2001)
Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_______homewithoutaword.?
A.mustn’tleave?B.shouldn’thaveleft?
C.couldn’thaveleft?D.needn’tleave?
答案:B?
(2)Tomoughtnotto_______mehersecret,buthemeantnoharm.?
A.havetold?B.tell?C.betelling?D.havingtold?
答案:A?
(3)Wouldyouslowdownalittle,please?Ican’t_______you.?
A.holdonto?B.putupwith?
C.makeupto?D.keepupwith?
答案:D?
(4)Sir,you_______besittinginthewaitingroom.Itisonlyforwomenandchildren.?
A.oughtn’tto B.can’tbe?C.won’tD.needn’t?
答案:A?
(5)—Haveyouanypearsandapples??
—_______
A.Ofcourse,wehavesomefruits.?B.Theorangesareverycheap.?
C.Youlikeapples,don’tyou??D.Yes,sir,onthesecondshelfoverthere.?
答案:D?
2.單句改錯(cuò)?
(1)Marywasprovedagoodteacher.?
答案:把was去掉。本句原意為“瑪麗被證明是一位好老師”。表示“最終被發(fā)現(xiàn)(是),表現(xiàn)出”用prove(oneself)(tobe),故不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。?
(2)Thequestionispuzzled.?
答案:把puzzled改為puzzling?,F(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人……,使人……”,而過(guò)去分詞則表示“對(duì)……感到……”。?
(3)Themajorityofyoungpeoplelikesfootball.?
答案:把likes改為like。themajority(of...)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。?
(4)HegotfullmarkintheEnglishtest.?
答案:把mark改為marks。mark在此用作名詞,表示“分?jǐn)?shù)”,fullmarks指“滿分”,應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。?
(5)WhileIwenttobed,myfatherwasworkinghard.?
答案:將While改為When。while表示的含義是“duringthetimethat”,它強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,而且從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,而本句中的“wenttobed”是瞬間動(dòng)作,故不能用while,只能用when。