高中教案教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2020-11-14HighlightsofMySeniorYear教案。
Module2
HighlightsofMySeniorYear
I.教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析
本模塊以HighlightsofMySeniorYear為話題,介紹了美國(guó)中學(xué)生的學(xué)校生活,描述了他們的學(xué)校俱樂(lè)部以及從事的課外活動(dòng),學(xué)生通過(guò)本模塊學(xué)習(xí),可了解其他國(guó)家中學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)生活情況,進(jìn)行中美學(xué)校文化的對(duì)比,并學(xué)會(huì)描寫(xiě)自己高中的生活。
Introduction部分首先通過(guò)表格的形式介紹了美國(guó)中學(xué)的學(xué)制、學(xué)習(xí)年限和學(xué)生年齡等情況,然后通過(guò)問(wèn)答的方式引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)比中美學(xué)生生活的差異,為閱讀部分的學(xué)習(xí)做好知識(shí)背景的鋪墊。
ReadingandVocabulary(1)部分介紹了一位美國(guó)中學(xué)生的高中生活,要求學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的詞匯,培養(yǎng)略讀和查讀的能力。
Grammar(1)部分復(fù)習(xí)表語(yǔ)從句和主語(yǔ)從句,并通過(guò)一系列的練習(xí)來(lái)鞏固和體會(huì)如何運(yùn)用這兩種從句。
Speaking部分是閱讀文章后所展開(kāi)的一項(xiàng)活動(dòng),要求學(xué)生能夠運(yùn)用本課所學(xué)的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句子等,假設(shè)在20年后的同學(xué)會(huì)上,回憶自己的高中生活。
ReadingandVocabulary(2)部分通過(guò)圖片和廣告語(yǔ)的形式來(lái)介紹一些美國(guó)中學(xué)的俱樂(lè)部,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生快速獲取信息的能力,并引導(dǎo)學(xué)生說(shuō)出自己最喜歡的課外活動(dòng)。
ListeningandVocabulary部分讓學(xué)生聽(tīng)一段校報(bào)編輯對(duì)報(bào)紙主題內(nèi)容進(jìn)行的討論,訓(xùn)練學(xué)生對(duì)文章整體的理解能力和聽(tīng)后的概括能力。
Grammar(2)部分是Grammar(1)的延續(xù),主要通過(guò)句式轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)讓學(xué)生了解形式主語(yǔ)。
Function部分學(xué)習(xí)使用表示建議和想法的句型,讓學(xué)生通過(guò)相關(guān)的聽(tīng)力和口語(yǔ)練習(xí)活動(dòng)掌握這種表達(dá)方式。
ReadingandVocabulary(3)部分主要描述了美國(guó)中學(xué)生的課外活動(dòng)的情況,讓學(xué)生在閱讀文章中學(xué)習(xí)詞匯;并通過(guò)閱讀來(lái)提高對(duì)文章的概括能力。
Speaking部分要求學(xué)生就所了解到的美國(guó)中學(xué)生課外活動(dòng)的內(nèi)容和中國(guó)中學(xué)生的課外活動(dòng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比和討論,并鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用本模塊Function部分所學(xué)到的句型來(lái)表達(dá)自己的想法。
EverydayEnglish部分主要通過(guò)補(bǔ)全對(duì)話的形式使學(xué)生熟練掌握日常生活中常見(jiàn)的幾個(gè)交際用語(yǔ)。
Writing部分訓(xùn)練學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)如何給報(bào)社描述自己理想的高中生活,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)的把握以及如何表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)的能力。
ReadingPractice部分一篇記敘文,作者描述了自己不愉快的高中生活。由于文章涉及的生詞較多,建議在教學(xué)的過(guò)程中,教師要適當(dāng)?shù)刂敢龑W(xué)生根據(jù)上下文來(lái)猜測(cè)生詞的詞義,從而提高學(xué)生理解和運(yùn)用信息的能力。同時(shí)通過(guò)讓學(xué)生完成書(shū)上的閱讀練習(xí),提高學(xué)生獲取信息和分析問(wèn)題的能力。
CulturalCorner部分是一篇介紹美國(guó)拉拉隊(duì)和拉拉隊(duì)員的文章,讓學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀了解一些外國(guó)文化,體驗(yàn)外國(guó)文化的魅力。
Task部分是對(duì)本模塊的一個(gè)復(fù)習(xí)與應(yīng)用,要求學(xué)生運(yùn)用本模塊所學(xué)的內(nèi)容,為校報(bào)寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于你高中生活的文章。
ModuleFile部分有助于學(xué)生對(duì)本模塊學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納,對(duì)自己的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行總結(jié)和檢驗(yàn)。
II.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)
1.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
(1)掌握一些與學(xué)校生活相關(guān)的詞匯。
(2)學(xué)習(xí)如何表達(dá)想法和意見(jiàn)。
(3)學(xué)習(xí)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句。
2.教學(xué)難點(diǎn)
(1)聽(tīng)懂介紹學(xué)校生活和其他資源介紹的相關(guān)信息,聽(tīng)懂和辨別表達(dá)想法和觀點(diǎn)的句子。
(2)正確表達(dá)自己的想法和觀點(diǎn)。
(3)學(xué)會(huì)介紹學(xué)校生活,進(jìn)行評(píng)論學(xué)校生活和各種活動(dòng),并學(xué)會(huì)寫(xiě)關(guān)于高中畢業(yè)班的精彩生活的文章。
III.教學(xué)計(jì)劃
本單元分六個(gè)課時(shí):
第一、二課時(shí):Introduction,ReadingandVocabulary(1)(2),FunctionSpeaking(Role-play)
第三課時(shí):Readingpractice,CulturalCorner
第四課時(shí):Grammar1and2
第五課時(shí):ListeningandVocabulary,EverydayEnglish
第六課時(shí):ModuleFile,ReadingandVocabulary3,Writing(Task)
IV.教學(xué)步驟
Period1~2Introduction,ReadingandVocabulary(1)(2),Function,Speaking(Role-play)
TeachingGoals:
1.TogetSstolearnsomewordstodescribethelifeofsenioryear.
2.TogetSstoknowsomethingaboutAmericanschoolsystemandsomethingaboutAmericanseniorhighschoollife.
3.ToletSsmasterhowtosummarizeapassage.
4.TogetSstotalksomethingaboutthehighlightsoftheirschoollife.
TeachingProcedures:
Step1.Introduction
1.ToarouseSs’interestinlearningaboutthisperiod,askthemtolookatthechartonpage15andanswerthefollowingquestionsinpairs.
(1)HowoldisanAmericanstudentwhenheorsheentersmiddleschool?
(2)Howmanyyearsdotheystudyinmiddleschool?
(3)HowoldisanAmericanstudentswhenheorsheentersseniorhighschool?
(4)Howmanyyearsdotheystudyinseniorhighschool?
(5)Whatisthefinalyearofseniorhighschoolcalled?
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)11-12.(2)Three.(3)14-15.(4)Four.(5)Senioryear.
2.LetSsworkinpairstodrawachartoftheChineseschoolsystemandcompareitwiththeAmericanschoolsystem.Getthemtotrytotellsomedifferencesbetweenthem.
Foryourreference:
(1)Americanstudentsgotomiddleschoolearlierthanus.
(2)TherearefouryearsinAmericanseniorhighschool,whilewejusthavethreeyears.
…
3.AskSssomethingabouttheirschoollife,suchastheircourses,after-schoolactivities,teachersandsoon.Letthemexpresstheirlivesfreely.
Step2.ReadingandVocabulary(2)
1.AskSstolookatsomeAmericanseniorhighclubsandtheirslogansonpage20andthenworkinpairstoanswerthequestionsinActivity1.
2.AskSstousethewordsintheboxtofillintheblanksinordertoletthemlearnsomenewwords.
attractconcerndramafashion
playphotographyslogan
(1)What________thetouristsmostisDanxiaMountain.
(2)DanxiaMountainisamajortourist__________.
(3)IlikeJohnbutIdon’tthinkheis__________.
(4)Ifeel_________aboutthepoorchildren.
(5)“Oneworldonedream”isthe________ofBeijingOlympicGames.
(6)__________Clubisforphotographersonly.
(7)Hamletisoneofthemostfamous___________intheworld.
(8)Loosetrousersarethelatest_________.
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)attracts(2)attraction(3)attractive
(4)concerned(5)slogan(6)Photography
(7)dramas(8)fashion
Step3.Function
1.LetSsgiveopinionsabouttheclubsinReadingandVocabulary(2)anddecidewhichtwoclubsyouwouldmostliketojoin.ThenaskthemtotrytousetheexpressionsinActivity1onpage22.
Foryourreference:
A:HowistheConcernBandasfarasyouareconcerned?
B:Itseemstomethat…
A:WhatisyourviewabouttheDramaClub?
B:Inmyview,itisnotattractive.…
A:Whichtwoclubswouldyoumostliketojoin?Why?
...
2.AskSstolookatthepicturesandanswersomequestions.
onthesportsfieldthehighschoolpromceremony
(1)Whatisthehighlightofyoursenioryear?
(2)Doyouthinksportsareanimportantpartofschoollife?
(3)Doyouhaveaschooldanceorpartyinyourfinalyearatschool?Ifso,describewhatyouwearandwhathappens.Ifnot,wouldyouliketohaveone?Saywhy/whynot.
Step4.ReadingandVocabulary(1)
1.Fastreding
AskSstoreadthepassagequicklyandtrytofindoutthehighlightsofthewriter’ssenioryear.ThenpresentachartinordertoletSsknowclearlywhattheyshoulddonow.UnderlinethenewwordsandphrasesinordertoletSspaymoreattentiontothem.
WriterGradeHighlights
Foryourreference:
WriterGradeHighlights
JoannaSykes12th(senioryear)(1)Workingasanartseditorforthenewspaper;
(2)Workingasapeermediator;
(3)Havingfuninaskiingtrip;
(4)Gettinggoodgradesinherfinalexams;
(5)ReceivingtheseniorprizeforEnglishLiterature;
(6)Beingelectedtothestudentcouncil;
(7)Beingelectedpromqueen.
2.Intensivereading
(1)AskSstoreadthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswers.
①ThewritermettheteachersandtoldthemaboutSs’feelingsandsuggestionsbecauseshe____.
A.wasatopstudentB.enjoyeddoingthat
C.wasapeermediatorD.wasonthestudentcouncil
②Whichofthefollowingisthereasonwhythewriterwrotetwolongparagraphsabouttheprom?
A.Itwasbothexcitingandinstructive.
B.Thereweremanyteachersandstudentsattendingtheprom.
C.Itisstrangethatshewaselectedpromqueen.
D.Itwasthemostwonderfuleventforherinthesenioryear.
SuggestedAnswers:
①D②D
(2)AskSstoreadagainandanswerthefollowingquestions:
①What’sherfirstplanningafterleavingschool?
②Whatkindoftrainingwasgiventostudentswhenschoolbegan?
③Whydidshehavefunracingeachotherdowntheskislopes?
④Beforegoingtotheprom,whatpreparationsdidshemake?
⑤WhydidJoannaenjoythepromsomuch?
SuggestedAnswer:
①She’sgoingtotakealongvacation.
②Theyweregiventraininginhowtobeapeermediator.
③Sheiscompetitive.Soshedidenjoyitwhenevershewontherace.
④BecauseshewentwithDaniel,lookedelegant,hadagoodtimewithherfriendsandwaselectedpromqueen.
⑤Shefoundadressthatsuitedherperfectlyandhadherhairspeciallydone.(Ittook2hoursbutitwasworthit.)
3.Post-reading
AskSstodiscussthefollowingquestion:
WhatkindofpersonisJoanna?Describeher.
Foryourreference:
Joannaisanoutgoingpersonwholikestobeinvolvedinstudentlife.Sheenjoyspositionsofresponsibility.Sheisalsocompetitive.Shelikestohaveagoodtimewithherfriends,too.
Step5.LanguagePoints
1.AskSstodiscusstheimportantanddifficultlanguagepointsingroups.Thengivethemsomeexplanation.
(1)Itseemsstrangetothinkthatinafewday’stimeI’llbewalkingoutoftheschoolgatesforever.想想過(guò)幾天我就要永遠(yuǎn)走出校門(mén)了,似乎有一種別樣的感覺(jué)。
①I(mǎi)tseems+that-clause結(jié)構(gòu)中,it是形式主語(yǔ),代替后面真正的主語(yǔ)that主語(yǔ)從句。
②inafewday’stime=inafewdays/afewdaysaway
(2)Meanwhile,Ifindmyselflookingbackatmysenioryear.同時(shí)我發(fā)覺(jué)自己在回顧自己高中最后一年時(shí)光.
①findoneself…突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于某種處境或在做某事。如:
Ifyoufindyourselfworryingaboutthings,callme.
②lookbackat/to/on/upon回顧,回想
EgIliketolookbackonmyhighschooldays.
(3)I’vedecidedtowritethemdownsothatoneday,yearsfromnow,whenIrereadthem,thememorieswillcomeback.我決定把他們寫(xiě)下來(lái),多年以后的某一天再次閱讀時(shí),往事就會(huì)涌上心頭。
sothat:引導(dǎo)目的或者結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
(4)Atthestartoftheschoolyear,weweregiventraininginhowtodothis.新學(xué)期開(kāi)始,我們就接受了培訓(xùn),學(xué)習(xí)怎樣做這種工作。
不定式前可以加一個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞做動(dòng)詞/介詞的賓語(yǔ)。
Eg①Heoftenteachesushowtotelljokes.
②Haveyougotanideaofwheretogethelp?
(5)I’vegreatlyenjoyedworkingasapeermediator,someonewhohelpsstudentstosettleproblemsthattheyhavewithotherstudents.我非常樂(lè)意做同伴調(diào)解人,就是幫助學(xué)生們解決同學(xué)之間的問(wèn)題。
haveproblemswithsb和……之間有問(wèn)題,出現(xiàn)了麻煩
EgWhatproblemsdoyoureallyhavewithhim?
(6)Iamcompetitive.我喜歡爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)好勝。
①compete的詞形變化:compete(v),competition(n),competitor(n),competitive(adj)
②compete的常用搭配
competewith/againstsb和某人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
competeforsth為某事競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
competewithsbinsth為某事和某人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
Sheandhersisterarealways_____attention.
A.competingwithB.competingfor
C.competinginD.competingagainst(Key:B)
(7)Ihadgreatfunracingeachotherdowntheskislopes.我們比賽著沖下雪坡,實(shí)在痛快。
havefundoingsth/havefunwith…做某事有樂(lè)趣
Eg①Theyhavefuntakingpartindifferentkindsofoutdooractivities.
②Thelittlegirlishavingfunwiththedoll.
(8)Ittooktwohoursbutiswasworthit.這花了我兩小時(shí),不過(guò)很值得。
此句也可表達(dá)為:Itwasworthyoftwohours.
Eg①I(mǎi)twashardwork,butitwasworthitatlast.
②Thedinnerjacketcosts0,whichisworthitforattendingtheseniorprom.
2.PresentthephraseswrittenjustnowinordertoletSsmasterthemwell.(TranslatetheChinesephrasesintoEnglish.)
(1)……感asenseof
(2)參加……;與……有關(guān)beinvolvedin
(3)學(xué)生會(huì)studentcouncil
(4)以…身份做某種工作workas
(5)文藝編輯artseditor
(6)解決問(wèn)題settle/solveproblem
(7)值……(錢(qián))beworth
(8)很值得干……It’swellworthdoing….
(9)度假takeavacation
(10)選……做……electsb(as)…
3.AskSstolistentothetapeandfillingthemissingwords.
HighlightsofMySeniorYear
(1),butmyschoollifeisalmostover.Promnighthascomeandgone,andI’vereceivedmyhighschooldiploma(2).It’sagoodthingthattheexamsarefinished.Ifeeltooexcitedtothinkclearly!Itseemsstrangetothinkthat(3).I’llbewalkingoutoftheschoolgatesforever.ThefirstthingI’mgoingtodois(4)!
(5),Ifindmyself(6)mysenioryear,andthinkingaboutallthewonderfulthingsthathavehappened.I’vedecidedtowritethemdownsothatoneday,(7),whenIrereadthem,thememorieswillcomeback.
There’ssomuchtoremember.Oneofthebestthingsaboutthisyearhasbeenworkingasanartseditorofthisnewspaper.I’vesoenjoyedit!Ilovewriting,and(8)ismyfirststeptowardsbecomingajournalist,sothishasbeenarealsuccessforme.
SomethingelseI’vegreatlyenjoyedisworkingasapeermediator,someonewhohelpsstudentstosettleproblems(9)withotherstudents.Atthestartoftheschoolyear,weweretraininginhowtodothis,andit’sclearthatthiskindofworkcanreallyhelppeople.IthinkI’llcontinuetoworkasamediatorwhenIgotocollege.
DuringtheEastervacation,IwentonashortschoolskiingtriptotheRockyMountains.I’vebeenskiingquiteafewtimes,butneverwiththeschool,andsincetwogoodfriendscameonthetrip,we(10)eachotherdowntheskislopes.It’swell-knownthatAmericansarecompetitive,andIdidenjoyit(11)!
OtherthingsI’mpleasedabout–gettinggoodgradesonmyfinalexams,andreceivingtheseniorprizeforEnglishLiterature.IwasgivenacarbymyparentssoI’vebeenabletodrivetoschool,whichisbrilliant.Andofcourse,I’llneverforget(12)thestudentcouncil.Ireallyenjoyedmeetingtheteachersandtellingthemhowwe,Ss,feelaboutthings,andwhatwethinkshouldhappenintheschool!
Allthesethingshavebeenwonderful.ButIhavetosay,thehighlightoftheyearwastheseniorprom.ForanAmericangirl,it’ssoimportantthatyouhaveagoodtimeattheprom.Well,Idid!Daniel,aboyinmyEnglishclass,askedmetogotothepromwithhim,andIwassopleased–I’dbeenhopinghewouldaskme.Ifoundadressthatsuitedmeperfectly,and(13)onthedayoftheprom.Ittooktwohoursbutitwasworthit,aseveryonetoldmeIlookedveryelegant!Agroupofusrentedanicecartotakeustotheprom.ThefoodwasdeliciousandIatesomuchthatIhadtostopdancingforawhile!We(14),andlaughedandtoldjokesallevening.It’sagreatpitythatit’sprobablythelasttimethiswillhappen.
DanielandIdancedmostofthedancestogether.Butthebigsurpriseoftheeveningwas(15)!Thiswassounexpected,andIcan’ttellyouhowgoodthismademefeel!Aftertheprom,agroupofusdrovedowntothecoast,andsatonthebeachinourlongdressesanddinnerjackets.Ishallneverforgetwatchingthesunriseoverthesea–itwasunforgettable!Afterwards,wewentandhadanenormousbreakfastinanearbyhotel–itwasaperfectendingtoaperfectschoolyear.
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)Icanhardlybelieveit(2)atlast(3)inafewdays’time
(4)totakealongvacation(5)Meanwhile(6)lookingbackat
(7)yearsfromnow(8)workingonthispaper(9)thattheyhave
(10)hadgreatfunracing(11)wheneverIwonourraces
(12)beingelectedto(13)hadmyhairspeciallydone
(14)sharedatablewithsomegoodfriends(15)whenIwaselectedpromqueen
Step6.Speaking(Role-play)
AskSstoimaginethatitistwentyyearsfromnowandletthemtalkaboutthehighlightsoftheirsenioryear.Trytousethephrasesorsentenceswelearntinreadingtoexpresstheiropinions.
Step7.Homework
1.AskSstotrytofindouttheusefulphrasesinthepassage.
2.AskSstofinishReadingExercisesintheWorkbookonpages99~100.
3.AskSstopreparefortheReadingPracticeandCulturalCorner.
Period3CulturalCorner,ReadingPractice
TeachingGoals:
1.ToenableSstorealizeschoollifeincludesnotonlyhappybutalsosadmoments.
2.Tolearnaboutsomeunhappythingsaboutschoollife.
3.TohelpSslearnabouttheAmericanartofcheerleadingandtheprom.
Teachingprocedures:
Step1.Revision
ChecktheanswerstotheReadingexercisesintheWorkbook.
Step2.CulturalCorner
1.UsethepicturestointroducesomenewwordstoSs:
routinecheerleadingsquadpompomcheerleader
2.AskSstoreadthepassagequicklyandanswerthefollowingquestions.
(1)Whatisthecheerleader?
(2)Whathappenedinthe1920s,1950s,and1978?
(3)HowdoAmericansfeelaboutcheerleading?
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)Acheerleaderisamemberofateamthatdancesanddoesgymnasticsbeforeandduringcompetitivegamestoencouragecrowdstocheertheirsportsteams.
(2)Inwasnotuntilthe1920sthatpompomsbegantoplayanimportantpartincheerleading.(=Pompomsdidn’tbegintoplayanimportantpartincheerleadinguntilthe1920s./=Notuntilthe1920sdidpompomsbegintoplayanimportantpartincheerleading.)
Bythe1950s,mostAmericanhighschoolshadcheerleadingsquads.
In1978,theNationalCheerleadingChampionshipwereshownontelevision,anduniversitiesbeganofferingcoursesincheerleading.
(3)SomeAmericansareamusedbyitandseeitasratherastupidactivity.Infact,cheerleadingisconsideredsoimportantinAmericathatseveralmovieshavebeenmadeaboutit.
3.AskSstoreadthepassagecarefullyandfillintheblankswiththewordsthey’vejustlearnt.
Ilike(1)whichcan(2)crowdstocheertheirsportsteamsduring(3)games.Everyonewillfeelexcitedandcan’thelproaring.Inthepast,cheerleadingonly(4)inAmerica.Astimepassed,moreandmorecountiesstartedcheerleading.Nowit(5)games(6),andmanyuniversitiesoffer(7)incheerleading.Infact,cheerleadingis(8)soimportant(9)severalmovieshavebeenmadeaboutit.
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)Cheerleading(2)encourage(3)competitive(4)existed
(5)Playsanimportantpartin(6)worldwide(7)courses(8)considered(9)that
Step3.ReadingPractice
Purpose:Tolearnaboutsomeunhappythingsaboutschoollife.
1.AskSstoreadthepassagequicklyandtrytofinishActivity3onpage26.
2.AskSstotrytoguessthemeaningofthefollowingunderlinedwordsaccordingtothepassage(Inthisreadingmaterialtherearesomanynewwords,teachersmustpaymoreattentiontothevocabulary.TeachermayteachSshowtounderstandthenewwordswhentheymeetinthepassage.Forexample,teachercantellSshowtoguessthewordsaccordingtothepassage,especiallythesentencesbeforeandthenextsentence).
(1)Infact,theonlypreparationIhadforthisadventurewaswatchingasmymothersewedmynametagintomyshirts,trousersandwoolensweater.
(2)IwasshowntothedormitorywhereIwouldsleep….
(3)Thebeddingwasapillow,asheetandathinquilt.
(4)anelectrickettletoheatwaterfortea
(5)Sportwascompulsory,andeveryweekwehadtogoforafive-kilometersrun,….
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)sew:tomake,repairorattachsthusinganeedleandthread
(2)dormitory:aplacewherepeoplecansleep
(3)bedding:somethingrelatedtobed,suchaspillows,sheets,quiltsandsoon.
(4)kettle:acontainerwhichcanheatwater
(5)compulsory:necessary
3.AskSstoreadthepassagecarefullyandfinishActivity4and5onpage26.
4.AskSstolookatthefollowingsentencesandtrytotranslatethemintoChinese.Checkwhethertheyhaveunderstoodthepassagewell.
(1)Theysaythatschooldaysarethehappiestdaysofyourlife,butnotforme!
他們說(shuō)學(xué)生時(shí)代是一生中最美好的時(shí)光,但對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),不是!
(2)Infact,theonlypreparationIhadforthisadventurewaswatchingasmymothersewedmynametagintomyshirts,trousersandwoolensweaters.
實(shí)際上,為這次冒險(xiǎn)我做好的唯一準(zhǔn)備就是看著我的母親把我的名字縫在我的襯衣,褲子和羊毛衫上。
(3)I’mashamedtoadmitthatIsobbedasIfellasleepthatnight.
慚愧地承認(rèn)的是那晚入睡之前我開(kāi)始啜泣。
(4)WehadadynamicEnglishteacher,abachelorwhohadplentyoftimeforusboysandinspiredmylife-longloveofliterature.
我們有一位精力充沛的英語(yǔ)老師,一個(gè)可以把大把時(shí)間用來(lái)照顧我們這些男孩子并鼓勵(lì)我走上文學(xué)之路的單身漢。
(5)Therewasalsoateacherofbotanicalscience,whointroducedmetomypassionforflowersandplants.
還有一位植物學(xué)老師,激發(fā)了我們對(duì)花草植物的熱情。
(6)Weallhadtoattendmorningassemblyeveryweekday,exceptforboysofotherfaiths.
每個(gè)工作日,我們都要參加早晨的集會(huì),除非是有別的信仰的男孩子。
(7)Manypeopletalkabouttheirhappinessatschool,butforme,ateighteen,allIfeltwasasenseofliberation.
許多人都談?wù)撍麄冊(cè)趯W(xué)校的幸福時(shí)光,但是對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),18歲,我有一種解放的感覺(jué)。
5.CheckwhetherSshaveunderstoodtheideaofthapassage.Afterreading,askSsaquestion:“Doyouthinkthewriter’sschooldayswerehappyorsad?”.
Foryourreference:
Itwassadbecausehecriedatnight,hedidn’tknowwhyhehadtodoamathsproblem,itwasmistyandcoldandhefeltliberatedwhenheleftschoolat18.
Step4.Homework
1.AskSstoreviewwhattheyhavelearnttoday.
2.AskSstopreviewGrammar(1)and(2).
Period4Grammar(1)and(2)
TeachingGoals:
1.Tolearnthegrammar–predicativeclausesandsubjectclauses.
2.ToenableSstousepredicativeclausesandsubjectclausesfreely.
TeachingProcedures:
Step1.Revision
AskSstotrytotranslatethefollowingsentences.
(1)令我感到高興的是,當(dāng)我多年以后回顧大學(xué)校園生活時(shí),我仍能夠回想起和你一起接受學(xué)生會(huì)訓(xùn)練的日子。
(2)當(dāng)歌星出現(xiàn)時(shí)觀眾歡呼起來(lái)。
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)I’mpleasedthatyearsfromnow,whenIlookbackatmylifeoncampus,Icanstillthinkabout/ofthedayswhenwereceivedtraininginthestudentcouncil.
(2)Thecrowdcheeredwhenthepopsingerappeared.
Step2.Grammar(1)—Predicativeclauses
1.AskSstotakealookatthesesentencesandthengivethemsomeexplanationaboutpredicativeclauses.
(1)Thepromwasveryattractive.
(2)Theboystandingoverthereismyclassmate.
(3)Mybeliefisthathe’sgotahealthproblem.
(4)Theproblemishowwedoit.
Explanation:
●定義:表語(yǔ)位于系動(dòng)詞之后,表語(yǔ)從句是用作表語(yǔ)的句子,用來(lái)對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋、說(shuō)明。
●結(jié)構(gòu):表語(yǔ)從句常用結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表從。常見(jiàn)的連系動(dòng)詞有:be,look,remain,become,turn,get,go,seem,feel,smell,taste等。
●引導(dǎo)詞:常見(jiàn)的引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的詞有:that(不可省略),whether,what,who,which,when,where,how,why,as,asif,asthough.(但不能用if)
●當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為idea,advice,order,suggestion,demand,request等時(shí),謂語(yǔ)常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。
●用陳述句語(yǔ)序。
2.AskSstotellwhichsentencesarepredicativeclauses.
(1)Wedon’tknowwheretogo.
(2)I’mnotsurewheretogo.
(3)Myopinionisthatyoushouldreadmorearticles.
(4)IamnotthemanIusedtobe.
(5)That’showwemakeit.
(6)Theworldisbecomingwhatwewantittobe.
(7)Thefactoryislocatedontheplacewhereweusedtogo.
SuggestedAnswers:
Sentence3,5,6arepredicativeclauses.
3.LetSscompletethepredicativeclauses.
(1)事實(shí)是他們有著不同的觀點(diǎn)。
Thefactis_____________________________________.
(2)問(wèn)題是她明天是否會(huì)來(lái)。
Thequestionis________________________________.
(3)那就是他們?nèi)绱撕雒﹄x開(kāi)的原因。
That’s________________________________________.
(4)問(wèn)題是我們應(yīng)該去哪里。
Theproblemis_________________________________.
(5)互相理解就是他們所在尋找的。
Mutualunderstandingis__________________________.
(6)問(wèn)題是我們?cè)趺礃硬拍芘c他取得聯(lián)系。
Thequestionis_________________________________.
(7)看起來(lái)好像就快要下雨了。
Itlooks/seems__________________________________.
(8)事情看起來(lái)并不是他們所看到的那樣。
Thingswerenot_________________________________.
(9)我建議我們舉行一些有獎(jiǎng)競(jìng)賽。
Mysuggestion/ideais_____________________________________.
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)thattheyhavedifferentopinions(that在句中不做成分,不省略。)
(2)whethershewillbebacktomorrow(if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)
(3)whytheyleftinsuchahurry
(4)whereweshouldgo
(5)whattheyarelookingfor
(6)howwecangetintouchwithhim
(7)asifitisgoingtorain
(8)astheyseemedtobe.
(9)Thatwe(should)havesomecompetitionswithprizes.(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為idea,advice,order,suggestion,demand,request等時(shí),謂語(yǔ)常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。)
Step3.Grammar(1)—Subjectclauses
1.LetSsfinishActivity3onpage18toletthemtoknowaboutsubjectclauses.Thengivethemthefollowingpresentation.
由連接代(副)詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中,連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。
2.AskSstochoosetheproperwordstofillintheblanks.
thatwhetherwhowhich
whatwherewhenhow
whywhateverwhoeverwherever
(1)_________heisanadvancedworkeriswell-known.
(2)_________studentshavechancestotakepartindifferentkindsofoutdooractivitiesisveryimportant.
(3)_________hecomesornotdoesn’tmatter.
(4)_________sidewouldwinbecameclear.
(5)_________shedidwasright.
(6)_________comeswillbewelcome.
(7)_________hewillarriveisnotmentioned.
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)That/Why(2)That(3)Whether(4)Which
(5)What/Whatever(6)Whoever(7)When
3.LetSstranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.
(1)誰(shuí)將會(huì)是導(dǎo)演到現(xiàn)在都沒(méi)有決定。
(2)生命怎么開(kāi)始的是一個(gè)迷。
(3)他們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)還沒(méi)有決定。
(4)不知道下一屆的奧運(yùn)會(huì)在哪里開(kāi)。
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)Whoistobethedirectorhasnotyetbeendecided.
(2)Howlifebeganisapuzzle.
(3)Whentheywillhavethemeetinghasn’tbeendecided.
(4)WherethenextOlympicGameswillbeheldisnotknown.
Step4.Grammar(2)
Purpose:ToenableSstolearnhowtouse“it”insubjectclausesasaformalsubject.
1.AskSstofinishActivity1onpage21.Thenaskthemtouseanotherwaytoexpressthefollowingsentences.
(1)Whethershewillbebacktomorrowdependsontheweather.
(2)Whatisintheboxisunknown.
(3)Whytheyleftinsuchahurrywasnotclear.
(4)Wherehehasbeenisstillapuzzle.
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)Itdependsontheweatherwhethershewillbebacktomorrow.
(2)Itisunknownwhatisinthebox.
(3)Itwasnotclearwhytheyleftinsuchahurry.
(4)Itisstillapuzzlewherehehasbeen.
2.HelpSsdrawaconclusionwhentouseitasaformalsubject.
(1)It+be+形容詞+that-從句
Itisnecessarythat…有必要……
Itisimportantthat…重要的是……
Itisdesirable/suggested/advisablethat…+(should)do
EgItisimportantthatwe(should)studyhard.
Itissuggestedthatwe(should)finishitthisafternoon.
(2)It+be+v-ed+that-clause
Itisbelievedthat…人們相信……
Itisknowntoallthat…從所周知……
Ithasbeendecidedthat…已決定……
(3)It+be+noun+that-clause
Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常識(shí)
Itisasurprisethat…令人驚奇的是……
Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是……
(4)It+vi+that-clause
Itappearsthat…似乎……
Ithappensthat…碰巧……
Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……
3.LetSsfinishActivity2onpage21andActivity4onpage22.
Step5.Homework
1.AskSstoreviewthecontentonpage138-139,andthegrammarinEnglishWeekly.
2.AskSstofinishActivity6onpage19andActivity4onpage22.
3.AskSstofinishtheGrammarexercisesintheWorkbookonpage97.
Period5ListeningVocabulary,EverydayEnglish
TeachingGoals:
1.ToenableSstoknowsomeskillsoflistening.
2.Tostudysomedailyexpressions.
Teachingprocedures:
Step1.Revision
ChecktheanswerstotheGrammarexercisesintheWorkbook.
Step2.Vocabularystudy
1.LetSsfinishActivity1onpage20tolearnsomenewwords.
2.GiveSssomenotesabouttheusageofthewords.
(1)注意astonished與astonishing的區(qū)別:astonished得主語(yǔ)是人,astonishing得主語(yǔ)是物。翻譯“他發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況使他十分驚訝”,如下:
Hewasastonishedatwhathefound.
=Whathefoundwasastonishing.
(2)issue
n(雜志、報(bào)刊的)起,號(hào)
EgIboughtthenovelthedayafteritsissue.
v分給,配發(fā)
EgTheteacherissuedpaperandpencilstoallthechildren.
(3)votev投票選擇,選舉
voteforsb/sth支持某人/某事
voteagainststh/sb反對(duì)某人/某事
votetodosth投票決定做某事
votesbin/out使某人在選舉中當(dāng)選/落選
(4)competitionn比賽,競(jìng)賽
※
competev與……競(jìng)爭(zhēng),與……比賽competitiveadj有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的
(5)popularityn普及,流行
※popularadj受歡迎的,流行的
Step3.Listening
1.AskSstolistentothediscussionandfinishthefollowingtable.
EditorsPlannings
______(1)_____________(2)______toCalifornia
______(3)________ofdifferentsportsclubs
______(4)________withCraiqDalton
______(5)_____Apieceon_____(6)_________
______(7)________ofthedramaclubplayandtheseniorplay
______(8)______Aninterviewwith____(9)__________
Articleaboutthe_____(10)_________
________(11)_______Piecesoflettersabout___(12)___________
Best______(13)________inthearea
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)Sports(2)SeniorBasketballteam’strip(3)Comparison(4)Aninterview(5)Arts
(6)theBigNoise(7)Reviews(8)News(9)theEnglishteacher(10)newSciencebuilding(11)Opinions(12)foreignstudents(13)restaurantsinthearea
2.AskSstolistentothediscussionagainandchoosethebestanswers.
(1)Intheseniorbasketballteam,whowillbeinterviewedbyJoshua?
A.Thecaptainandafewotherplayers.B.Thecoachoftheteam.
C.CraigDalton.
(2)Whichclubisgettingalotmorepopular?
A.Basketballclub.B.Baseballclub.
C.Runningclub.
(3)HowisJoanna’sfeelingabouttheBigNoise?
A.Shewasamusedwhensheheardthemplay.
B.Shewassurprisedbyhowgoodtheirsongswere.
C.Shehadnospecialfeelingabouttheirsongs.
(4)Whichoneisbetteraccordingtothediscussion?
A.Dramaclub.B.Seniorplay.C.Notmention.
(5)WhydoesPrescottleavefromschool?
A.BecausehehasahealthproblemB.Wedon’tknowtheexactreason.
C.Becausehedoesn’tliketheschoolheisworkingnow.
(6)Whichofthefollowingsentencesisincorrectaccordingtothediscussion?
A.CraigDaltonisoneoftheirbestsportsmen.
B.TheBigNoisewillbefamousoneday.
C.Joannafeelshappythatdramaclubissomuchbetterthantheseniorplay.
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)A(2)C(3)B(4)A(5)B(6)C
3.AskSstolistentothetapeathirdtimeandfillinthemissingwords.
Toby:Ok,we’reallhere,so_____(1)_____.Joshua,whatexcitingideasdoyouhave?
Joshua:_____(2)_____isanarticleabouttheSeniorBasketballteam’striptoCalifornia.Interviewthecaptain,andafewotherplayers,_____(3)_____.
Toby:Soundsgood.Whatelse?
Joshua:Iwasthinkingofdoinganarticlecomparingthepopularityofthedifferentsportsclubs.Like,it’sinterestingthattherunningclub’sgettingalotmorepopular.
Toby:Cool.Weneedonemorepiece,Ithink.
Joshua:HowaboutanarticleaboutCraigDalton?He’soneofourbestsportsmen.
Toby:Didn’twedosomethinglikethatsixmonthsago?
Joshua:Wethoughtaboutitbutwedidn’tdoit_____(4)______.
Joshua:OK,solet’sdothosethree.
Toby:Joanna?
Joanna:I’mplanningtowriteapieceontheBigNoise.Youknow,Iwenttohearthemplaytheotherday,andIwasastonishedbyhowgoodtheirsongswere.Ithink___(5)__.Myfeelingisthat____(6)_____.
Joshua:_____(7)_____.They’reamazing.
Toby:Good.Whatelse?
Joanna:Um,_____(8)_____,reviewsofthedramaclubplay,theseniorplay.Youknow,thedramaclubwassomuchbetterthantheseniorplay,itwasembarrassing.Iwon’tsaythatofcourse.
Toby:Whynot?Youshould!
Joanna:No,Idon’tlikehurtingpeople’sfeelings.Theyalltrysohard.
Toby(laughing):You’llneverbetheatrecriticifyouthinklikethat,Joanna.OK,Mr.NewsEditor,whatareyourideas?
Russell:Ithinkwhatweneedissomeinterestingnews,and_____(9)_____!
Joanna:What?
Toby:Prescott’sleaving.
Joanna:He’snot!Oh,that’srealpity.Whyishegoing?
Russell:That’s_____(10)_____.I’mgoingtointerviewhimandaskhimwhy.
Toby:Askhimtostay.TheschoolwillnevergetanotherEnglishteacherasgoodashim.
Joshua:Mybeliefis_____(11)_____.
Russell:Idon’tthinkso.Anyway,we’llsee.I’malsopreparingashortarticleonthenewSciencebuilding.
Toby:OK,thisallsoundsgreat.AndhowabouttheOpinionspage,Kate?
Kate:Well,we’vehadsomegreatlettersin,sowecanusethose.ButwhatIwasthinkingwas,therearequiteafewforeignstudentswho’vecomeheretostudyfortheirfinalyearofHighSchool.Myideaisthatweaskoneortwoofthemtowriteabouttheirexperiences,andgivetheiropinionoftheschool.
Alison:_____(12)______That’sallmakethempopular!
Kate:Well,_____(13)_____.AndtheotherthingI’dliketodoisanopinionpieceonthebestrestaurantsinthearea.
Toby:Greatidea!OK,well,doesanyonehaveanythingelsetosay?(Silence).OK,itseems_____(14)_____.Seeyouheresametimenextweek?
All(chorws):OK.Yeath.Bye.
SuggestedAnswers:
(1)let’sgetgoing(2)WhatI’mplanning(3)thatkindofthing
(4)intheend(5)they’vereallygotsomething
(6)they’regoingtobefamousoneday(7)I’mwithyouonthat
(8)theusualstuff(9)I’vegotsome
(10)whatmyarticle’sgoingtobeabout(11)hehasahealthproblem
(12)Supposingtheysaythattheyhatetheplace?(13)it’suptothem
(14)we’rethrough
Step4.EverydayEnglish
AskSstocompletetheconversationswiththephrasesandexpressionsintheboxinEverydayEnglish.Makesuretheyunderstandthemeaningsofthephrasesandexpressions.
Step6.Homework
1.AskSstofinishVocabularyExercisesintheWorkbookonP98.
2.AskSstopreviewReadingandVocabulary(3)andWriting.
Period6ReadingandVocabulary(3),Writing,ModuleFile
TeachingGoals:
1.ToenableSstowriteanarticleforaschoolnewspaperaboutthehighlightsoftheirschoolyear.
2.ToshowSshowtowriteanarticleforaschoolnewspaperaboutthehighlightsoftheirschoolyear.
3.ToletSsreviewwhattheyhavelearntinthismodule.
Teachingprocedures:
Step1.Revision
CheckVocabularyexercisesintheWorkbookonP98.
Step2.ReadingandVocabulary(3)
Purpose:ToenableSstolearnsomethingaboutafter-schoolactivities.
1.AskSstosaytheiropinionsaboutafter-schoolactivities.
2.AskSstoreadthepassagequicklyandthengetthemtoanswerthequestionsinActivity1andActivity2onpage23.
3.AskSstoreadthepassagecarefullyandfinishActivity3onpage23.
Step3.Speaking
AskSstothinkhighlightsoftheirseniorhighschoollifethatseemunforgettable.Theycanusethefollowingsentences:
Therearesomanygoodthingsthathappenedtomethosetwoyears.
There’ssomuchtoremember.
Thehighlightoftheyearwas…
Whatwasgreataboutitwas…
Myfeelingisthat...
Itwasagoodthing/pitythat…
Step4.Writing
AskSstochooseoneoftheirunforgettablehighlightsintheirsenioryear,discussitwiththeirpartnersandmakenotesofthekeywordsandphrases.Andthengetthemtowriteashortpassageaboutit.
(ThefollowingstructuremayhelpSs.)
Para1:Givesomeinformationaboutyourself:name,age,classandwhatyourfavoritesubjectsare.
Para2:Describethehighlightofyourseniorhigh.
Para3:Expressyourfeelingaboutit.
Onepossibleversion:
MynameisEric.Iamsixteenyearsold,andaminclass4.Myfavoritesubjectsaremusicandart.Iliketostudyinabigschoolbecauseitisgoodchanceformetomakefriendswithothers.Ithinkthetimetableisveryimportantforastudent,butIwouldlikehavemorefreetimetostaywithmyfriends.Ithinkthevacationsshouldbelongbecauseitisagoodtimetorelaxone.
Iwouldliketheretobemoreafter-schoolactivitiesinmyschool.Now,Iamanmemberoftherunningclub,anditisgreatforme.However,inmyopinionIthinkthereshouldbemoreclubsthatwecanlearnsomesocialskillsforustojoin.Idon’tthinkit’sgoodideatohavesomeclubswhichmetatlunch-time,causeit’sforstudentstohavearest.
Itwouldbeniceiftherewereotherspecialeventsforthefreshman,too.Forexample,seeafilmintheweekend.Anothergoodideawouldbetohavesomeactivitiesoutsidetheschoolandhaveagoodtimeinagreatplace.Surely,themostimportantthingsforusisstudyinghardandlearnwell,butatthesametimeitisalsoimportantforyoutolearnsomesocialskills.
Step5.ModuleFile
Purpose:ToenableSstomakeaconclusionofthismoduleanddeepenwhattheyhavelearnedinthemodule.
AskSstolookatModuleFileonpage28andtrytorecallwhattheyhavelearntinthemodule.Thentickthethingstheyaresurethattheyknowandputaquestionmarknexttothepointstheyarenotsureofandacrosstowhattheydon’tknow.
HelpSstosharetheirideasanddealwiththedifficultorconfusingpoints.
Step4.Homework
1.AskSstorevisethismodule.
2.AskSstofinishtherestoftheexercisesintheWorkbookofthismodule.
3.AskSspreviewmodule3.
精選閱讀
Module2HighlightsofMySeniorYear
Module2HighlightsofMySeniorYear
Grammar(I)–PredictiveClause
通過(guò)學(xué)案學(xué)習(xí),完成書(shū)中及練習(xí)冊(cè)對(duì)應(yīng)習(xí)題。
1.通過(guò)導(dǎo)學(xué)案提示,系統(tǒng)掌握什么是表語(yǔ)從句及其常用引導(dǎo)詞;
2.能通過(guò)做題自行歸納總結(jié)表語(yǔ)從句的用法特點(diǎn);
3.能區(qū)別表語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句,并在做題中充分運(yùn)用這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。
引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞;表語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別與賓語(yǔ)從句的地方。
1.預(yù)習(xí)提示:書(shū)18-19頁(yè)出現(xiàn)的(可能)生詞:
P18—predicative表語(yǔ)(的)subject主語(yǔ)(的)experience(-s)n._________
belief(n.)信仰—(v)_________express(v)表達(dá)emphasise(v)__________
truth(n)________structure(n)結(jié)構(gòu)issue(n)__________
2.回憶你所能想出的系動(dòng)詞,至少五個(gè)—
___________________________________________________________________________
3.選做題—?jiǎng)澇鱿铝芯渥拥某煞郑ㄌ崾荆褐鳎肯??表?賓?引導(dǎo)詞?等等。)
[C](1)Mysuggestionisthatyougotherebyyourself.
[B](2)Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.
[A](3)WhatmadehisparentsproudisthattheirdaughterhadbeenadmittedbyOxford.
[B](4)Iwonderedwhetheryoucangowithus.
?Thinking:Whatisa“Predictiveclause”?
_____________________________________________
1.試從下列例句里總結(jié)出表語(yǔ)從句的先行詞(即系動(dòng)詞)----
1)Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.今日的中國(guó)不再是過(guò)去的中國(guó)了。
2)Thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.問(wèn)題還是他們能否幫我們。
3)Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldntthinkoftherightword.
當(dāng)時(shí),我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?lái)。
4)Itappearsthatshewaswrong.看來(lái)她錯(cuò)了。
5)Helooksasifhestired.他好像累了。
[summary]__________________________________________________________________
2.試從下列例句里總結(jié)出表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞--
A.1)Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.他看起來(lái)還與十年前一樣。
2)Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像有人在敲門(mén)。
[summary]______________________________________________________________
B.1)Thatsbecausehedidntunderstandme.
那是因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有理解我。(Thatsbecause…強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)
2)Thatswhyhegotangrywithme.
那正是他對(duì)我生氣的原因。(Thatswhy…強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)
注:what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示結(jié)果或名詞reason作主語(yǔ)時(shí),后面的表語(yǔ)從句表示原因時(shí)要用that引導(dǎo),不宜用because.
Eg:ThereasonwhyIwassadwasthathedidntunderstandme.
我難過(guò)的原因是他沒(méi)有理解我。
[summary]_____________________________________________________________
C.1)Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.問(wèn)題是我們能找到誰(shuí)去替換她呢。
2)Thequestionishowhedidit.問(wèn)題是他是如何做此事的。
3)Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningonreachingtheattic.那就是她今晨上了閣樓做的。
[summary]______________________________________________________________
D.ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。
Thetruthis(that)Ididntgothere.事實(shí)是我沒(méi)去那兒。
[summary]_____________________________________________________________
E.使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表語(yǔ)從句
在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示,should可省略。常見(jiàn)的詞有:advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea等。
Eg:Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.
3.應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題:參見(jiàn)練習(xí)冊(cè)對(duì)應(yīng)部分講解
4.完成書(shū)中19頁(yè)對(duì)應(yīng)習(xí)題。
GroupI.(Level-C)
1.-IdrivetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat__youhadafewdaysoff?
A.whyB.whenC.whatDwhere
2.Thequestionis____itisworthvisiting.A.ifB.asifC.whetherD.how
3.Thisis____thecitylies.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.when
4.Hewasill.Thatis____hedidn’tcomeyesterday.A.whenB.whyC.howD.that
5.Thatwas___IwasthirteenIenteredtheNo.1MiddleSchool.
A.becauseB.whyC.howD.when
GroupII.高考預(yù)測(cè):(Level-B)
1.Theproblemis____wecanmastermodernscienceandtechnologyinashorttime.
A.ifB.thatC.whatD.how
2.–Doesn’tMr.Smithliveonthisstreet?-No.Thisis____Mr.Brownlives.
A.whichB.whereC.howD.that
3.Thereasonwhyhehasbeensuchasuccessis____henevergivesup.
A.whatB.whereC.howD.that
4.–Whatisthatbuilding?--___thegardenequipmentisstored
A.that’swhereB.ThereisinwhichC.thebuildingisD.That’sthebuildingwhich
5.Ourvillageisnolonger____overtwentyyearsago.
A.whatwasitB.whatitwasC.thevillagewhatwasD.whatwasthevillage
6.___youarethefirstonehere.
A.ItseemsthatasifB.ItseemsasifthatC.ItseemsasifD.Itseemsthatasthough
7.Myhopeis___hewillbecomeadoctorinthefuture.
A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.what
8.Itwas___theywereusedasanadvertisementfortheshop.
A.becauseB.whichC.whatD.if
GroupIII.[真題回放](Level-A)
1.Thetraditionalviewis____wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.
A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that
[解析]下劃線處之后是包含一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)從句,如果看不出它是充當(dāng)整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的表語(yǔ)從句將難以把握整個(gè)句子的意思。因此,應(yīng)選擇可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且不充當(dāng)任何成分的引導(dǎo)詞,故選__________.
2.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.
A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how
[解析]“disagree”屬于不及物動(dòng)詞,“Idisagree”本身是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu),此題選_____,意思是“我不同意之處、我不同意的地方”。
3.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
[解析]下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)與系動(dòng)詞is連用的表語(yǔ)從句并在該表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ),下劃線應(yīng)填入表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的結(jié)果)的引導(dǎo)詞,故選______.
4.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas__fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that
[解析]第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在該主語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),特指她所不理解
的事情;第二個(gè)下劃線處表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的后果,由why引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞
性從句),而不是“為什么……”(指原因、理由,由because引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句),故選_____.
5.____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.
A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because
[解析]第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在該從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),特指令校方驕傲的事
情;第二個(gè)下劃線處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句表示原因、理由,要選對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句。故本題選______.
6.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?—Oh,that’s____.
A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedabout
C.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited
[解析]A選項(xiàng)的意思是“________________”;B選項(xiàng)的意思是“_________________”;C選項(xiàng)的意思是_________________”;D選項(xiàng)的意思是“_________________”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中____最適合跟代表“game”的主語(yǔ)that對(duì)應(yīng),充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)從句。
淺談--表語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句
賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句都屬于名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句,充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的句子叫表語(yǔ)從句。
(1)對(duì)于賓語(yǔ)從句要掌握以下三點(diǎn):
①語(yǔ)序:從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述句語(yǔ)序,即“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”這種形式;
②時(shí)態(tài):當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài),而當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句,從句時(shí)態(tài)必須是過(guò)去時(shí)范圍的時(shí)態(tài)(即:一般過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí));
③連接詞:當(dāng)從句意思完整,主句意思肯定時(shí),連接詞用that,且可以省去,當(dāng)從句意思完整,主句意思不確定或含否定含意時(shí),常用if或whether(是否),當(dāng)從句意思不完整時(shí),連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問(wèn)詞。
區(qū)別與聯(lián)系:
A表語(yǔ)從句一定要用陳述語(yǔ)序。
B不可以用if,而用whether連接表語(yǔ)從句(asif例外)。
False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.
C不像賓語(yǔ)從句,在有表語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。
Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.
Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.
Dthat在表語(yǔ)從句中不可以省掉。
表語(yǔ)從句只能置于主句之后,而主句的動(dòng)詞只能是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞。
[教案參考] 高中地理教案
一名優(yōu)秀的教師在教學(xué)方面無(wú)論做什么事都有計(jì)劃和準(zhǔn)備,作為高中教師就要精心準(zhǔn)備好合適的教案。教案可以更好的幫助學(xué)生們打好基礎(chǔ),幫助高中教師提高自己的教學(xué)質(zhì)量。那么怎么才能寫(xiě)出優(yōu)秀的高中教案呢?急你所急,小編為朋友們了收集和編輯了“[教案參考] 高中地理教案”,歡迎大家借鑒與參考,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
[教學(xué)目標(biāo)]
1.用圖例說(shuō)明天體系統(tǒng)的層次,以及地球在宇宙中的位置。
2.運(yùn)用圖表資說(shuō)明地球是太陽(yáng)系中一顆既普通又特殊的行星。
3.分析地球的宇宙位置及自身?xiàng)l件,理解地球上出現(xiàn)生命的原因。
[教學(xué)重點(diǎn)]
1、地球在宇宙中的位置。
2、地球的普通性和特殊性。
[教學(xué)難點(diǎn)]
地球上存在生命的原因
[教學(xué)過(guò)程]
(導(dǎo)入新課)太陽(yáng)的東升西落、晝夜交替、斗轉(zhuǎn)星移這些現(xiàn)象我們都是很熟悉的,你們當(dāng)中有誰(shuí)知道在地球上這些現(xiàn)象為什么會(huì)產(chǎn)生嗎?地球上為什么會(huì)有生命?其它星球上有沒(méi)有生命呢?這就是我們這節(jié)課里將要學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容。
(講授新課)
一、地球在宇宙中的位置
1、宇宙是由物質(zhì)組成的
①天體類(lèi)型
A、恒星 由熾熱氣體組成,自身能發(fā)光發(fā)熱的球狀或類(lèi)似球狀的天體
B、星云 由氣體和塵埃組成的呈云霧狀外表的天體
C、行星 在橢圓形軌道上環(huán)繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)行的、近似球形的天體。自身不能發(fā)光。
D、衛(wèi)星 環(huán)繞行星運(yùn)行的、質(zhì)量很小的一種天體。月球是地球的惟一的一顆衛(wèi)星。
E、流星體 行星際空間的塵粒和固體小塊。沿同一軌道繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)行的大群流星體,稱(chēng)為流星群,闖入地球大氣層的流星體,因同大氣摩擦而產(chǎn)生的光跡,劃過(guò)長(zhǎng)空,好像從空中的某一點(diǎn)向外散射開(kāi),這種現(xiàn)象叫做流星體。
F、彗星 在扁長(zhǎng)軌道上繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)行的一種質(zhì)量較小的天體,呈云霧狀。
此外,還有其它的星際物質(zhì)。其中,恒星和星云是兩種最基本的天體
(附:練習(xí)鞏固對(duì)天體特征知識(shí)的理解和認(rèn)識(shí))
②天體系統(tǒng)的層次
任何天體在宇宙中都有自己的位置,各天體之間相互吸引相互繞轉(zhuǎn),形成天體系統(tǒng)。各級(jí)天體系統(tǒng)的組成如下:
A、地月系 月球繞地球轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)形成地月系。地球是中心天體,月球是地球的惟一的天然衛(wèi)星。
B、太陽(yáng)系 太陽(yáng)、地球和其他行星及其衛(wèi)星、小行星、彗星、流星體、星際物質(zhì)構(gòu)成太陽(yáng)系。
C、銀河系 太陽(yáng)系和其他恒星系構(gòu)成銀河系。在銀河系以外,還有大約10億個(gè)同其相類(lèi)似的天體系統(tǒng),人稱(chēng)河外星系。
D、總星系 銀河系和現(xiàn)階段所能觀測(cè)到的河外星系,統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為總星系。
天體系統(tǒng)共分為四個(gè)等級(jí),按照從低級(jí)到高給的順序依次為:行星系——恒星系——星系——總星系
二、地球是太陽(yáng)系中一顆既普通又特殊的行星
1、地球是一顆普通的行星
①八大行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)特征:同向性、共面性、近圓性
②八大行星的結(jié)構(gòu)特征
劃分依據(jù):距日距離、質(zhì)量、體積
分類(lèi):類(lèi)地行星(水金地火)、巨行星(木土)、遠(yuǎn)日行星(天海)
2、地球是一顆特殊的行星
表現(xiàn):地球上存在生命
原因:A、日地距離適中——適于生命姓的發(fā)展的溫度條件
B、質(zhì)量和體積適中——吸附大氣,形成包圍地球的大氣層
C、地球的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和物質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)——原始海洋的形成。
地球是太陽(yáng)系中目前已知的惟一一顆適合生物生存和繁衍的行星,究其原因,除其所處的位置及自身?xiàng)l件外,還和它所處的宇宙環(huán)境的很大的關(guān)系。在太陽(yáng)系中,大小行星繞日公轉(zhuǎn)方向一致,而且繞日公轉(zhuǎn)軌道幾乎在同一個(gè)平面上,大小行星各行其道,互不干擾,使地球處于一種比較安全的宇宙環(huán)境之中。
[課堂小結(jié)]
1.用圖例說(shuō)明天體系統(tǒng)的層次,以及地球在宇宙中的位置
2.運(yùn)用圖表資說(shuō)明地球是太陽(yáng)系中一顆既普通又特殊的行星
3.分析地球的宇宙位置及自身?xiàng)l件,理解地球上出現(xiàn)生命的原因
[課堂練習(xí)]
針對(duì)每個(gè)教學(xué)目標(biāo)而選取的題目,有助于學(xué)生理解所學(xué)知識(shí)并對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)鞏固。
[優(yōu)質(zhì)教案] 高中主題教案壹篇
一名優(yōu)秀的教師在每次教學(xué)前有自己的事先計(jì)劃,作為教師就要在上課前做好適合自己的教案。教案可以讓學(xué)生們能夠在上課時(shí)充分理解所教內(nèi)容,幫助授課經(jīng)驗(yàn)少的教師教學(xué)。優(yōu)秀有創(chuàng)意的教案要怎樣寫(xiě)呢?小編收集并整理了“[優(yōu)質(zhì)教案] 高中主題教案壹篇”,歡迎您參考,希望對(duì)您有所助益!
【活動(dòng)目的】為了使全班同學(xué)進(jìn)一步了解、理解新的《中學(xué)生日常行為規(guī)范》要求,增強(qiáng)班級(jí)凝聚力,使學(xué)生能把規(guī)范的要求內(nèi)化為自己自覺(jué)的行動(dòng),做一個(gè)遵規(guī)守紀(jì)、誠(chéng)實(shí)守信、勤奮向上的中學(xué)生。
【活動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)介】以學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)行為規(guī)范為中心,通過(guò)生活實(shí)例窺探、行規(guī)討論交流、反面案例啟示、文明倡議書(shū)簽名等一系列程序活動(dòng)對(duì)本班學(xué)生進(jìn)行行為規(guī)范教育。
【活動(dòng)要求】注重人人參與,講究活動(dòng)秩序,聯(lián)系實(shí)際。
【主持人】班主任
【活動(dòng)地點(diǎn)】
【活動(dòng)過(guò)程】
主持人語(yǔ):
班主任:同學(xué)們,今天我們大家在這個(gè)教室里開(kāi)展開(kāi)學(xué)以來(lái)第一次班隊(duì)活動(dòng),我想,咱們開(kāi)學(xué)已經(jīng)一個(gè)月多了,我不知道大家對(duì)中學(xué)生日常行為規(guī)范是否有所了解,又是否落實(shí)到行動(dòng)中了.今天我們就針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題舉辦一次班隊(duì)活動(dòng).
一、由生活中的點(diǎn)滴談起
二、《是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)》
班主任:我國(guó)著名教育家葉圣陶說(shuō)過(guò):“什么是教育,簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)就是養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣?!绷?xí)慣成自然,好的習(xí)慣是遵規(guī)守紀(jì)的結(jié)果,好的習(xí)慣能夠規(guī)范我們的行為。壞的習(xí)慣卻能誤導(dǎo)我們的行為,甚至可能讓我們誤入歧途,走上不歸路。那么平時(shí)我們的一些做法或者習(xí)慣是不是符合規(guī)范呢?下面進(jìn)入第一個(gè)活動(dòng):判斷下面說(shuō)法是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)。
(1)要考試了,我的鋼筆不見(jiàn)了,小龍不在,我拿他的用一下(╳)
(2)不入二廳是指不入游戲廳和舞廳.(√)
(3)同學(xué)之間互相尊重、團(tuán)結(jié)互助、理解寬容、真誠(chéng)相待、正常交往,不以大欺小,不欺侮同學(xué),不戲弄他人,發(fā)生矛盾多做自我批評(píng)。(√)
(4)吃飯時(shí)要做到邊吃邊聊,這樣才越吃越香(╳)
(5)手中有廢紙或其他垃圾隨手丟在路邊,反正沒(méi)有人看見(jiàn)(╳)
(6)按時(shí)到校,不遲到,不早退,不曠課。(√)
(7)上課太累人了,我趴在桌子上睡一會(huì)兒再說(shuō)(╳)
(8)別人不小心踩到你的腳,立即給你道歉了,你說(shuō)沒(méi)關(guān)系(√)
(9)認(rèn)真值日,保持教室、校園整潔優(yōu)美。不在教室和校園內(nèi)追逐打鬧喧嘩,維護(hù)學(xué)校良好秩序(√)
(10)晚上休息時(shí)間到了,我睡不著,干脆出去散散步回來(lái)再睡(╳)
(11)前面是我們的老師,我們趕緊繞道而行吧,免得給他打招呼(╳)
(12)不說(shuō)臟話,不罵人,不打架,不賭博。不涉足未成年人不宜的活動(dòng)和場(chǎng)所(√)
(13)這些作業(yè)我不會(huì)做,不如拿同桌的來(lái)抄抄吧。(╳)
(14)排隊(duì)時(shí)可以大聲喧嘩、勾肩搭背,只要不被老師看見(jiàn)就行了。(╳)
三、答題競(jìng)賽:(全體同學(xué)參與,贏取小獎(jiǎng)品)
(班長(zhǎng))非常感謝三組同學(xué)的表演,為了檢驗(yàn)同學(xué)們今天的收獲,下面我們開(kāi)展答題競(jìng)賽活動(dòng),請(qǐng)同學(xué)們積極參與,看誰(shuí)回答的有快有正確。
填空題
1、乘公共汽車(chē),給老,弱,病,殘,孕及環(huán)抱嬰兒者讓座
2、上課遲到者應(yīng)在教室門(mén)口喊“報(bào)告”,經(jīng)教師同意后再進(jìn)教室。
3、出操集隊(duì)時(shí)要做到快、靜、齊。
4、學(xué)生要做到穿戴整潔、樸素大方,男生不留長(zhǎng)發(fā),女生不穿高跟鞋。
5、按時(shí)到校,不遲到,不早退,不曠課。
《離騷》教案
《離騷》教案
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1.學(xué)會(huì)吟誦古詩(shī)詞,注意節(jié)拍、重音。
2.培養(yǎng)通過(guò)把握詩(shī)文形象,深入體會(huì)作者的思想感情的能力。
3.通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)《離騷》,理解詩(shī)人熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)、憂國(guó)憂民的情懷,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生愛(ài)國(guó)憂民的思想感情,并學(xué)習(xí)詩(shī)人不與惡勢(shì)力同流合污,執(zhí)著追求理想的高尚節(jié)操。
教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
1.通過(guò)鑒賞《離騷》的優(yōu)美詩(shī)句,學(xué)習(xí)屈原追求美政、憂國(guó)憂民的高尚品德。
2.品味、鑒賞詩(shī)歌的比興藝術(shù)手法,藝術(shù)價(jià)值。
教學(xué)難點(diǎn)
1.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)詩(shī)作中疑難的字、詞及表達(dá)含蓄的句子的理解。
2.有感情、有節(jié)奏地誦讀并背誦課文。
教學(xué)方法
1、運(yùn)用誦讀法、逐節(jié)誦讀、講講背背,指點(diǎn)難字讀音、難字詞義。
2、運(yùn)用討論法,讓學(xué)生理解詩(shī)中作者的愛(ài)國(guó)憂民感情及他為追求理想而九死未悔的精神。
3、通過(guò)比較閱讀法,延展課堂內(nèi)容,開(kāi)闊學(xué)生的視野,充實(shí)對(duì)作品的理解。
課時(shí)安排
3課時(shí)
教學(xué)步驟
第一課時(shí)
一.導(dǎo)入
這副對(duì)聯(lián)說(shuō)的是哪一位作家?——何處招魂,香草還生三戶地。當(dāng)年呵壁,湘流應(yīng)識(shí)九歌心。
這是詩(shī)人中的詩(shī)人,高峰上的高峰,王者中的王者。王者歸來(lái)。今天我們來(lái)觸摸他的靈魂,《離騷》就是屈子真情的告白。誰(shuí)來(lái)說(shuō)一說(shuō)屈原?
二.屈原及相關(guān)內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介
學(xué)生已預(yù)習(xí)了《新新學(xué)案》上關(guān)于屈原及作品的介紹,課堂上只讓學(xué)生根據(jù)預(yù)習(xí)情況來(lái)說(shuō)。
1.屈原,名平,字原。戰(zhàn)國(guó)末期楚國(guó)人,杰出的政治家和愛(ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人。在中國(guó)歷史上,屈原是一位最受人民景仰和熱愛(ài)的詩(shī)人。所以在屈原投江自盡的日子,民間有粽子、賽龍舟的習(xí)俗。1953年,屈原還被列為世界“四大文化名人”(另有波蘭哥白尼、英國(guó)沙士比亞、意大利單?。┲?,受到世界和平理事會(huì)和全世界人民的隆重紀(jì)念。
2.屈原作品
《離騷》、《天問(wèn)》《九歌》《九章》《漁父》《招魂》等,其中《離騷》是屈原的代表作,也是中國(guó)古代文學(xué)史上最長(zhǎng)的一首浪漫主義的政治抒情詩(shī)。屈原的作品是他堅(jiān)持“美政”理想,與腐朽的楚國(guó)貴族集團(tuán)進(jìn)行斗爭(zhēng)的實(shí)錄,表現(xiàn)了他憂國(guó)憂民、愛(ài)國(guó)愛(ài)民、矢志獻(xiàn)身于祖國(guó)的決心。
3.風(fēng)騷。屈原是中國(guó)文學(xué)史上第一位偉大的愛(ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人。屈原的出現(xiàn),不僅標(biāo)志著中國(guó)詩(shī)歌進(jìn)入了一個(gè)由集體歌唱到個(gè)人獨(dú)創(chuàng)的新時(shí)代,而且他所開(kāi)創(chuàng)的新詩(shī)體——楚辭,突破了《詩(shī)經(jīng)》的表現(xiàn)形式,極大地豐富了詩(shī)歌的表現(xiàn)力,為中國(guó)古代的詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作開(kāi)辟了一片新天地。后人也因此將《楚辭》與《詩(shī)經(jīng)》并稱(chēng)為“風(fēng)騷”?!帮L(fēng)騷”是中國(guó)詩(shī)歌史上現(xiàn)實(shí)主義和浪漫主義兩大優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)的源頭。同時(shí),以屈原為代表的楚辭還影響到漢賦的形成。
漢代以來(lái),屈原在中國(guó)歷史上地位日漸崇高,影響愈加深遠(yuǎn)。五千年中華文明史少不了屈原,燦爛的中國(guó)文學(xué)史少不了屈原。屈原的偉大,一是他矢志不移的愛(ài)國(guó)精神,不屈不撓的斗爭(zhēng)精神,不與奸佞小人同流合污的高風(fēng)亮節(jié)。二是他用畢生心血寫(xiě)成的20多首詩(shī)歌,成為中國(guó)文學(xué)史上的瑰寶,世界文學(xué)殿堂的精品。
凡一代有一代之文學(xué),楚之騷,漢之賦,六朝之駢語(yǔ),唐之詩(shī),宋之詞,元之曲,皆所謂一代之文學(xué),而后世莫能繼焉者也。(王國(guó)維)
4.關(guān)于楚辭
“楚辭”戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期興起于楚國(guó)的一種詩(shī)歌形式,亦稱(chēng)“楚辭體”。楚辭中最有代表性的作品是屈原的《離騷》,所以后人也有用“騷”指代楚辭的,故稱(chēng)“騷體詩(shī)”。楚辭發(fā)源于中國(guó)江淮流域楚地的歌謠,書(shū)楚語(yǔ),作楚聲,記楚地,名楚物。在語(yǔ)言形式上,突破了《詩(shī)經(jīng)》以四字句為主的格局,句法參差錯(cuò)落,靈活多變;句中句尾多用“兮”字以助語(yǔ)勢(shì),造成起伏回宕、一唱三嘆的韻致,富有抒情成分和浪漫色彩。楚辭的出現(xiàn)標(biāo)志著我國(guó)文學(xué)史的詩(shī)歌的新發(fā)展,是《詩(shī)經(jīng)》以后的一次詩(shī)體創(chuàng)新和解放。
《楚辭》:西漢劉向編輯的收錄屈原等人詩(shī)歌的一本詩(shī)歌總集。
三.解題
《離騷》是屈原一生尋求愛(ài)國(guó)真理并為之奮斗不息的一個(gè)縮影,是我國(guó)古典文學(xué)中最長(zhǎng)的一首政治抒情詩(shī),《離騷》是屈原最重要的代表作。全詩(shī)全詩(shī)372句,分93節(jié),共2464字。
四.誦讀
1、請(qǐng)大家朗讀這段用血淚寫(xiě)成的文字,注意在形式上這首詩(shī)有什么特點(diǎn)?
力拔山兮氣蓋世,時(shí)不利兮騅不逝。騅不逝兮可奈何,虞兮虞兮奈如何。
楚辭體或叫騷體,兮就是一個(gè)標(biāo)志,如去掉兮后再讀一遍(生讀)。“兮”使全詩(shī)一直在回環(huán)往復(fù)的旋律中進(jìn)行,具有很強(qiáng)的節(jié)奏感。“兮”字具有特別強(qiáng)烈的詠嘆表情色彩、構(gòu)成詩(shī)歌節(jié)奏的能力,同時(shí),“兮”字句作為一種文化存在,反映了荊楚民族的自由浪漫精神和屈原的悲怨憤激情緒。“兮”在句中起了其他虛詞所無(wú)法替代的特殊作用,從而構(gòu)成一種獨(dú)特的意味。聞一多認(rèn)為“兮確乎是詩(shī)歌的核心與原動(dòng)力”。項(xiàng)羽是楚國(guó)的貴族,生當(dāng)做人杰,死亦為鬼雄,頂天立地的男子漢,是女性中的偶像,同樣是楚國(guó)的貴族《離騷》中屈原是怎樣的形象呢?
2、老師朗讀:
第一遍,要求學(xué)生注意聽(tīng)準(zhǔn)字音及句子的節(jié)奏。注意下列字詞的讀音。
kuāzhuóchàchìjíguòmiǎn
修姱謠諑侘傺岌岌攘詬偭規(guī)矩
第二遍,讓學(xué)生輕聲跟讀。
第三遍,讓學(xué)生大聲朗讀。
3、指名學(xué)生朗讀,指正生字的讀音及句子的節(jié)奏把握詩(shī)的節(jié)奏,在理解的基礎(chǔ)上誦讀,在反復(fù)誦讀中進(jìn)一步理解
(1)把握詩(shī)的節(jié)奏
騷體詩(shī)的節(jié)奏要復(fù)雜一些,但仍有規(guī)律可循,這就是每個(gè)詩(shī)句都可以分成兩半,中間用虛詞連接,前一半占兩拍,后一半看起來(lái)似乎只有一拍,但加上延長(zhǎng)音或停頓,其實(shí)也是兩拍。所以,它的基本句式是:
X——XX虛詞XX(空拍或加語(yǔ)尾助詞),一般一句是三四個(gè)節(jié)拍。
下面試從課文中舉幾個(gè)例子,虛詞皆加括號(hào)。
長(zhǎng)——太息(以)——掩涕(兮),
哀——民生(之)——多艱。
芳——與澤(其)——雜糅(兮),
唯——昭質(zhì)(其猶)——未虧。
《離騷》本來(lái)是用楚地曲調(diào)吟誦的,音樂(lè)性很強(qiáng),誦讀時(shí)首先要?jiǎng)澐趾霉?jié)奏。誦讀時(shí),上分句末字“兮”,猶如現(xiàn)之“啊”,讀音要稍長(zhǎng),押韻的字要重讀,反復(fù)練習(xí),直至口熟。
(2)體味詩(shī)的情感
朗讀時(shí)還要把握每一節(jié)的主旨,一節(jié)一節(jié)地讀,邊讀邊體會(huì)詩(shī)人的感情。
例如:第一部分第1節(jié)主要是說(shuō)他因進(jìn)諫而遭貶黜,接著就說(shuō)到朝中小人如何誣蔑他,而君王卻執(zhí)迷不悟,由此他想到當(dāng)時(shí)政治上的壞風(fēng)氣:投機(jī)取巧,不顧公理,造謠中傷,產(chǎn)生了孤獨(dú)感。但他決不同流合污,把個(gè)人的安危置之度外;終于得出“伏清白以死直”的結(jié)論,這種精神是極為感人的。
第二部分說(shuō)既黜之后,該怎么辦?反省自己,是否沒(méi)有看清道路,返回去呢?承著反省的思想,檢查自己的進(jìn)退、制衣,肯定了自己的美好品質(zhì)及政治主張“茍余情其信芳”,“唯昭質(zhì)其猶未虧”,信念更加堅(jiān)定,為了尋求理想,“雖體解吾猶未變兮,豈余心之可懲”。偉大的浪漫主義詩(shī)人屈原的剛正不阿,一身正氣,嫉惡如仇,不同流合污;潔身自好,自我完善;堅(jiān)持真理,獻(xiàn)身理想;憂國(guó)憂民,熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)的情感無(wú)不激勵(lì)著一代代仁人志士,為光明自由幸福而斗爭(zhēng)。在今天仍有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
4、請(qǐng)同學(xué)們集體讀一遍課文,要讀出語(yǔ)氣。
五布置作業(yè)
1.詩(shī)人謳歌、追求的是怎樣的理想?(找出詩(shī)句,并稍加闡述)
2.你最喜愛(ài)哪些詩(shī)句?在這些詩(shī)中,詩(shī)人抒發(fā)了怎樣的感情?對(duì)你有什么啟示?
附:板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)
離騷
屈原
線索:誶替退往
內(nèi)容:直言進(jìn)諫替而不悔謹(jǐn)慎審度斗志彌堅(jiān)
情感波瀾:跌宕起伏