高中教案教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間：2020-10-15Unit 2 Working the land The First Period Reading 教案。
Unit2Workingtheland
TheFirstPeriodReading
Teachinggoals
EnableSstolearnmoreaboutagriculture,countrysideandfarming.
HelpSslearnhowtodescribeDrYuanLongpingincludinghispersonality.
Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints
a.Helptocomprehendthetextandgraspthemainideaofthetext.
b.Grasptheusageofsomewordsandexpressions.
c.Howtohelpstudentslearnmoreaboutagriculture.
Teachingmethods
Talking,questioning-and-answeringactivityandreading.
Teachingaids
Ataperecorder,aprojectorandacomputer.
StepⅠGreetingandleadingin
T:Hello,everyone.
Ss:Hello,teacher.
T:Inlastunitwelearntsomegreatwomen.Todaywe’lllearnafamousman.Whowillitbe?Atfirstlet’slookatthetwopicturesonPage9.Whatarethepeopledoing?
Ss:Theyareplantingrice.
T:Canyoutellmesomethingaboutrice?
S:Ricegrowsinthesouth.
S:Butinsomeplaceofthenorthwecanalsofindrice.
T:Yeah.Youareright.Infactriceisacerealgrainthathasbeengrownforatleast5,000yearsandiseatenby2.4billionpeopleeverydaythroughouttheworld.InAustralia,farmershavehadtostrugglewiththeirharshenvironmenttogrowrice.
Ss:Really?
StepⅡWarmingup
T:Haveyouevergrownanyplants?Ifso,whatdidyoudotogrowthem?Ifnot,whatkindofplantwouldyouliketogrow?Howwillyougrowit?
S:Ihaveevergrowncornandpotatoes.Inautumn,myfatherandIploughedthesoildeepforthefirsttime,theninthenextspring,weploughedthesoilforasecondtime,thistimeIputthecornseedsintothetunnelfollowingmyfather.Finallymyfathercoveredthecornseedsbyploughingagain.
T:Verywell.Haveyoueverbeentothecountryside?Whatdidyoudothere?
S:Yes,Iwenttheretoseemygrandfather.InthevillageIplayedwithotherboysinthelittlestreamandcaughtlittlefish.Ievenhelpedmygrandfathergetinthecornbycuttingthecornstems,whichmademetired.
T:Areyoufromafarmer’sfamily?Whatdoyouknowaboutfarming?
S:Yes,myfatherisafarmer.Inmyview,farmingishardwork.Peoplehavetoplantcrops,smoothawayweedsandgetinthecropsattherighttime.Theyhavetogetupearlytoworkinthefieldsoastoprotectthemselvesfromthesunshine.
T:That’sright.Inthenorth,thebiggestworrythatfarmershaveisthedrought.Whenitdoesn’train,andtheycan’tirrigatethecrops,thecropswilldieandtheywillhavenothingafterhardworking.
StepⅢPre-reading
1.Whataretheseriousproblemstheworldfacestoday?
Environment
Population
Naturalresources
Wars
Poverty
Hunger…
Morethan800millionpeoplegotobed
hungryeveryday.-theWorldHealth
Organization(WHO)
Onebillionpeopleintheworldsufferfrom
hungerandmalnutrition.
About24,000peopledieeverydayfrom
hungerorhunger-relatedcauses.Three-
fourthsofthedeathsarechildrenunderthe
ageoffive.-//
2.Whatcanwedotosolveworldhunger?
?Controlthepopulation
?Openmoreareasforgrowing
?Increasetheoutputofcrops
StepⅣFastReading
1Whatisthemainideaofeachpara?
Para1Hisdreams
Para2Hispersonality
Para3Howhethinksofhimselfandhisachievement
para4Hisbiography
(4,3,1,2)
2ListentothetapeandcompletethefollowingnotesaboutYuanLongping.
Name:______________________Nationality:____________________
Age:_______________________Occupation:____________________
Education:__________________________________________________
Dream:____________________________________________________
Achievement:_______________________________________________
Hobbies:___________________________________________________
Answers:
YuanLongpingChinese77scientist/farmergraduatedfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953toexporthishybridricesothatitcanbegrownaroundtheglobein1974,developedhybridrice,whichproduces1/3morethannormalricelisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading
StepVPleasereadthetextagainandanswerthesequestions.
1Whatisspecialabouthisrice?(makeitpossibletodo…)
Thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.
2Whatishiscontributiontotheworld?(thanksto…/rid…of…)
Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.
3Whatishisattitudetolife?(besatisfiedwith…/careabout…)
DrYuanissatisfiedwithhislife.However,hedoesn’tcareaboutbeingfamous.
StepVIHomework
FinishingtheexercisesinLearningaboutLanguage.Exercise1,2and3areaboutusefulwordsandexpressions.Finishthem.Nexttimewe’llchecktheanswers.Ok,classisover.Seeyounexttime.
Period2
Languagepoints
Herearesomeexplanationsabouttheboldfacewordsinourtext.
一vocaburary
1.strugglevtomakegreatefforts
e.g.Theyhavestruggledforyearstofreetheircountryfromtheenemy.
stuggletodosth掙扎做某事
他努力控制住自己的脾氣。He_________controlhistemper.
I’mstrugglingtofinishthehugetheworkyougaveme.
2.sunburntadjsun-tanned
e.g.Hissunburntskinlookshealthy.
3.superadj(infml)excellent;splendid
e.g.You’lllikeher,she’ssuper.
Youlooksuperinyournewclothes.
Itwassuperofyoutohelp.
4.expandv
(causesthto)becomegreaterinsize,numberorimportance
e.g.Metalsexpandwhentheyareheated.
Whynottrytoexpandyourstoryintoanovel?
6.equipv
supplysb/sth(withwhatisneeded,foraparticularpurpose)
equipsbwithsth用……裝備equipsbforsth為……裝備
beequippedwith裝備有
你的訓(xùn)練使得你能夠勝任將來(lái)的工作。
Yourtrainingwillequipeyouforyourfuturejob.
Translate:
Theworkerequippedthebikewithaheadlight.
那個(gè)工人給自行車裝了一個(gè)前燈。
7.exportv
send(goods)toanothercountryforsale
e.g.Indiaexportsteaandcottontomanydifferentcountries.
Thiscompanyhasalargehomemarketbutdoesn’texport.
8regret
后面常跟動(dòng)詞的ing形式，只有在對(duì)將談到的事情表示遺憾時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的不定式。
Regretdoingsth__________________regrettodosth______________________
她為自己發(fā)了脾氣而深感后悔。Shedeeply___________hertemper.
Translate:
Weregrettoinformyouthatyourpassportapplicationhasbeenrefused.
9.rid...ofmakesb/sthfreefrom(sb/sthunpleasant)
e.g.Weallwishthatwewouldridtheworldoffamine.
Thefarmerrecentlytriedtoridthehouseofrats.
10.lead...alife,live...alife
e.g.Nowweareleadingahappylife.
Intheolddaysfarmersledaterriblelifeinthecountry.
11.besatisfiedwith,becontentwith
e.g.Theyoungladyisn’tsatisfiedwiththepeacefullife.
Areyousatisfiedwithhisanswers?
12.wouldrather,preferto
wouldratherdosth
e.g.I’dratherwalkthantakeabus.
I’dratheryouknewthatnow,thanafterwards.
他寧愿到農(nóng)村去工作。He____________workinthecountryside.
Translate:
Iwouldratheryouhadgonethere,too.__________________________
I’dratheryoucametextweekend.___________________________________
Summary:
Wouldrather+從句，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)或?qū)?lái)的愿望相反，謂語(yǔ)一般用__________時(shí)態(tài)；如表示的與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，從句中應(yīng)用_________________時(shí)態(tài)。
二Somedifficultsentences
1.Indeed,hissunburntfaceandarmandhisslim,strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.的確，他那被太陽(yáng)曬得黝黑的臉龐和手背，以及他那瘦削而又結(jié)實(shí)的身體，就跟其他成千上萬(wàn)的中國(guó)的農(nóng)民一樣，過(guò)去50年來(lái)，他一直在努力幫助他們。
Forwhom…為______+引導(dǎo)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)的定語(yǔ)從句，注意，struggle后面的for的干擾，forthepastfivedecades是“過(guò)去50年來(lái)”Translate:
Themanwithwhomyoutalkedisourmanager._______________________________________
Theylivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.
___________________________________________________.
2.Dr.YuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsupperhybridrice.
袁隆平博士培植出了超級(jí)雜交水稻。Whatiscalledsuperhybridrice是由what引導(dǎo)的______從句，在整個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)______的_____語(yǔ)，。此外，此結(jié)構(gòu)還可以作_____或_____.
如：請(qǐng)相信我的話。___________________________
他所說(shuō)的話全是真實(shí)的。_______________________________.
3.In1974,hebecamethefirstagriculturepioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.1974年他成為世界上第一位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先鋒。
本句理解的難點(diǎn)是動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)togrowricethathasahighoutput作_________,修飾先行詞________,注意：前面的序數(shù)詞first一起了一定的作用，因?yàn)橄刃性~前有__________,后面一般用動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)作定語(yǔ)。類似的還有thesecond,thelast,theonly等。翻譯：
昨天晚上，約翰最后一個(gè)離開教室。______________________________________________.
4.Thespecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone–thiremoreofthecropinthesamefields.這些特殊的水稻使得同樣的田地多收獲三分之一的產(chǎn)量。
Makeit…todosth意思是____________________.it在句中作_________,真正的賓語(yǔ)是_________________________________.翻譯：
好天氣使我們下周的旅行成為可能。_____________________________________________.
Answers:1.介詞你剛才給他說(shuō)話的那個(gè)人是我們的經(jīng)理。他們住在一個(gè)大房子里，房子前面有一顆大樹。名詞grow的賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)PleasebelievewhatIsaid.Whathesaidistrue.3.定語(yǔ)pioneer序數(shù)詞Johnwasthelastonetoleavetheclassroomyesterday.4.使……成為賓語(yǔ)toproduceone–thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.Goodweathermakesitpossibletomakeourtripnextweek.
高考鏈接
1.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_____foranotherhour.(2002,上海)
A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting
2.Victorapologizedfor______toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.(2004,上海)
A.hisbeingableB.himnottobeable
C.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotable
3.Themaninsisted____ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.
A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding(2004江蘇)
4.AccordingtoarecentUSsursey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek____TV.
A.towatchB.towatchingC.watchingD.watch(2004上海)
5.Hegowell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____thegoodopportunity.
A.toloseB.losingC,tobelostD.beinglost(2005上海)
6.Progresssofarhasbeenverygood.___,wearesurethattheprojectwillbecompletedontime.
A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Besides(2006浙江)
7.Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewas_____thatoftheirs.(2008陜西)
A.astwicelargeasB.twiceaslargeas
C.twiceasmuchasD.astwicemuchas
8.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom____theirparentsspeakathome.(2008浙江)
A.whatB.thatCwhichDone
9.-Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?
________,I’llvisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.(2008安微)
A.IfeverB.IfbusyC.IfanythingD.Ifpossible
10.Thechairmanthought_____necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.
A.thatB.itC.thisD.him
AnswersBCCCBCBBDB
PERIOD3
OrganicFarming
Teachingaims
Toimprovethestudents’readingability---tofindtheexplanationforthewordsorexpressionstheydonotknowinthereadingpassage.
Teachingaids
Multi-media
Teachingprocedures
Step1:Leadin
Whatisthesubstanceweputonthesoiltomakecropsgrow?
Itisfertilizer.
Howmanykindsoffertilizersdofarmersuse?
Therearetwokinds.Theyarechemicalfertilizersandnaturalones.
Whichkinddofarmersusewhentheyaredoingorganicfarming?
Doyouknowaboutorganicfarming?Todaywe’regoingtoreadapassagewiththetitleOrganicFarming.
Step2:Scanning
Readthefirstparagraphandfindout
1whatorganicfarmingis.
Organicfarmingmeansgrowingcropswithoutchemicalfertilizers.
Step3:Intensivereading
1HowcanOrganicfarmersmaketheirsoilfertile?
Organicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsinsteadofchemicalfertilizers.
2Butwhydon’ttheyusechemicalfertilizers?
Becauseusingchemicalfertilizerscausesproblems.
Readthesecondparagraphandanswer-----
3Howmanyproblemsarecausedbyusingchemicalfertilizers?
Three.Theyareasfollows.
Firstly,chemicalfertilizersaffectthesoilandthewatersupplybadly.
Secondly,theyallowfarmerstogrowthesamecropyearafteryearandexhausttheoil.
Thirdly,theykillbothhelpfulandharmfulpests.
Readthewholepassageagainandfillinthetable.
Advantagesoforganicfarming
Reasons
1.Farmersusenaturalwastefromanimals.Thismakesthesoilricherinmineralsandsomorefertile.
2.Thesoilisnotexhausted.Peasandsoybeansrenewthemineralsinthesoil.Thesoilbecomesrichandhealthy.
3.Theyusethesoiltobestadvantage.
Theyplantcropsthatneedsurfacesoilandnextcropsthatgrowatadeeperlevel.Sothewindandwaterdoesnotcarryawaythesoil.Alltherichnessofthesoilisused.
Step4:Discussion
Findoutwhattypeofwritingthepassageis.Discusshowtoreadandwritethiskindofpassage.
Step5:Homework
Readthetextandtranslatethefollowingphrases:
aswellas____________foralongtime________________
buildup______________leadto_______________
turnto_________________focuson______________
keep（prevent）…from_______________
Answers:
也好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開發(fā)導(dǎo)致；造成求助于集中（注意力，精力等）于阻止
PERIOD4don’treadinthemovingbusorinbed.”Doingeye-exerciseswillhelpyoukeepgoodeyesight.
Ifyoufailtokeeptheserules,youwillbecome
short-sightedsoonerorlater.（經(jīng)典范文網(wǎng) WwW.995563.coM）
延伸閱讀
Unit 2 Working the land教案
Unit2Workingtheland
核心單詞
1.struggle
v.掙扎；努力；拼搏；斗爭(zhēng)
n.(為爭(zhēng)取自由、政治權(quán)利等而進(jìn)行的)斗爭(zhēng)，奮斗
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
strugglewith與……斗爭(zhēng)
strugglefor為爭(zhēng)取……而斗爭(zhēng)
struggleagainst與……斗爭(zhēng)；為反對(duì)……而斗爭(zhēng)
struggletodosth.(=makegreateffortstodosth.)
努力做某事
struggletoone’sfeet掙扎著站起來(lái)
Shestruggledtokeepbackthetears.她努力忍住淚水。
Itwasahardstruggletogetmyworkdoneontime.
為使工作按時(shí)完成,我做了一番努力。
易混辨析
struggle/fight
struggle指較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的、激烈的斗爭(zhēng)，往往指肉體及精神上的戰(zhàn)斗。
fight意為“搏斗，打斗，打架”，表示“斗爭(zhēng)”時(shí)，包含體力和勇猛的因素。
高手過(guò)招
(1)單項(xiàng)填空
Theworkingpeoplehaveneverstoppedtheirstruggleunfairtreatment.（2010?01?山西太原五中檢測(cè)）
A.againstB.forC.fromD.to
(2)完成句子（原創(chuàng)）
①我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助那些仍在為獨(dú)立而斗爭(zhēng)的人們。
Weshouldhelpthosewhoarestill.
②他們得和各種各樣的困難作斗爭(zhēng)。
Theyhadto.
(1)解析：選A。struggleagainst意為“同……作斗爭(zhēng)”；strugglefor意為“為了……而斗爭(zhēng)”。
(2)①strugglingforindependence
②strugglewith/againstallkindsofdifficulties
2.expand
v.擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)展；增加；增長(zhǎng)；（使）膨脹；闡述；使變大
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
expand...into...將……擴(kuò)展/發(fā)展成……
expandon闡述；詳談
Heisthinkingofexpandinghisbusiness.
他在正考慮擴(kuò)大他的生意。
Intenyearsthecity’spopulationexpandedby12%.
十年之中,該市人口增加了百分之十二。
聯(lián)想拓展
expansionn.展開；膨脹；擴(kuò)展
expansiveadj.廣闊的；易膨脹的
易混辨析
expand/extend/spread/stretch
expand意為“展開，擴(kuò)大”，不僅指尺寸的增加，還可指范圍和體積的擴(kuò)大。
extend意為“伸出，延伸”，指空間范圍的擴(kuò)大，以及長(zhǎng)度，寬度的向外延伸，也可指時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)。
spread意為“傳播；蔓延；鋪開”。一般指向四面八方擴(kuò)大傳播的范圍，如傳播（疾?。?，散布（信息）等。
stretch意為“伸展(身體等)，拉長(zhǎng)；連綿”，一般指由曲變直，由短變長(zhǎng)的伸展，不是加長(zhǎng)。
高手過(guò)招
選詞填空（expend/extend/spread/stretch）（原創(chuàng)）
①Thefiresoontothenearbyhouses.
②ThetouristseasonfromMaytillOctober.
③Aballoonwhenitisblownup.
④Thecatoutinfrontofthefire.
答案:①spread②extends③expands④stretched
3.equip
vt.equipmentB.equipped;equipments
C.equipping;equipmentsD.equipping;equipment
(2)完成句子（原創(chuàng)）
①Thesoldierswerewell(裝備)weapons.
②Thislibrary(為……而裝備)atomicresearch.
③Ourclassroom(裝備有)acomputerandataperecorder.
(1)解析：選A。equip...with...意為“用……裝備……”，被動(dòng)形式為beequippedwith。第二空equipment意為“裝備；設(shè)備”，是不可數(shù)名詞。
(2)①equippedwith②isequippedfor
③isequippedwith
4.regret
vt.因?yàn)?br> Thankstoyourhelp,weweresuccessful.
由于你的幫助，我們成功了。
Thankstoyou,Iwassavedfromdrowning.
多虧你，我才沒(méi)被淹死。
Thankstothebadweather,thematchhadbeencancelled.
多虧了這倒霉的天氣，比賽被取消了。（反語(yǔ)）
聯(lián)想拓展
表示“因?yàn)?，由于”的短語(yǔ)還有：
becauseof，owingto，onaccountof，dueto，asaresultof。
溫馨提示
以上這些都是介詞短語(yǔ)，因此后面可以跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞而不可以跟從句。
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
①Itwasyourtimelyhelpthatweaccomplishedthetaskontime.（2010?01?山西運(yùn)城檢測(cè)）
A.BecauseB.thankC.thankstoD.as
②thenewpolicy,wearenowhavingahappylife.（2010?01?安徽亳州檢測(cè)）
A.ThankstoB.Because
C.ForD.Thanksfor
①解析：選C。because和as雖然也表示“因?yàn)?，由于”，但后面需接句子，而句中是短語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用thanksto。句意為：幸虧你及時(shí)幫忙，我們才按時(shí)完成了任務(wù)。
②解析：選A?？疾榻x詞辨析。thanksto意為“多虧了”；because后應(yīng)加句子;for表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的原因。
8.rid...of
擺脫；除去
Youshouldridyourselfofthatbadhabit.
你應(yīng)該改掉那個(gè)壞習(xí)慣。
聯(lián)想拓展
beridof擺脫
getridof擺脫；除掉；去掉
ridoneselfofdebt還清債務(wù)
breakawayfrom擺脫；放棄
Youmustbreakawayfromsuchabadhabit.
你必須改掉這樣的壞習(xí)慣。
Itwon’tbelongbeforewecanbe/getridofthepestaltogether.
不用太久，我們就能把這種害蟲消除干凈。
高手過(guò)招
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換（原創(chuàng)）
Couldyouridyourselfofthebadhabitofsmoking?
Couldyouthebadhabitofsmoking?
答案:getridof
9.wouldrather
寧愿，寧可
I’dratheryoudidn’t.(常用來(lái)委婉拒絕別人)
我希望你不要。
HewouldratherstayathomewatchingTV.
他寧愿待在家里看電視。
I’drathernotgothere.我寧愿不去那里。
I’dratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.
我寧愿你明天來(lái)而不是今天來(lái)。
I’dratherhavemadeatelephonecalltohimyesterday.
我昨天本想給他打個(gè)電話的。
聯(lián)想拓展
wouldrather...than...是常用句式，意為“寧可（愿）……（而）不要（愿）……”
wouldrather＋從句時(shí)，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)表示。
wouldratherhavedone本想做……（而實(shí)際上未做）
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
①—Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?
—Whichdoyourself?（2010?01?江西南昌檢測(cè)）
A.doyouratherB.wouldyourather
C.willyouratherD.shouldyourather
②I’dratherthebasketballmatchlastnight.Otherwise,Iwouldhavefinishedmypaperworkbynow.
（2010?01?江蘇徐州檢測(cè)）
A.nothavewatchedB.notwatch
C.hadn’twatchD.haven’twatch
①解析：選B?？疾閣ouldratherdosth.這一結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。而do,will和should都不能與rather搭配。wouldrather(not)dosth.意為“寧愿（不愿意）做某事”。
②解析：選A。wouldrathernothavedone意為“本不想做……（實(shí)際卻做了）”。后一句句意為：否則我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了我的文件。所以前句表示“本不想看球賽卻看了”，故選A。
10.leadto
通向；導(dǎo)致；造成（后果）
注意：leadto中的to為介詞，該短語(yǔ)后可跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
Thecaraccidentledtohisbeingkilled.
那次車禍導(dǎo)致他死亡。
AllroadsleadtoRome.
條條大路通羅馬。
Eatingtoomuchsugarcanleadtohealthproblems.
吃太多糖會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康問(wèn)題。
Hiscarelessnessledtohisfailure.
他的粗心導(dǎo)致了他的失敗。
聯(lián)想拓展
resultin導(dǎo)致
resultfrom由……導(dǎo)致
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
Thestudentsintheuniversityarealltakingcoursesadegree.（2010?01?山東煙臺(tái)檢測(cè)）
A.stickingtoB.leadingto
C.turningtoD.referringto
解析:選B。考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。stickto堅(jiān)持;leadto導(dǎo)致，引起；通往；turnto求助，轉(zhuǎn)向，查閱；referto指的是；談?wù)?，查閱。由句意“大學(xué)生都在學(xué)習(xí)課程，以取得學(xué)位”可知，答案為B。
11.buildup
逐步建立；逐漸增強(qiáng)；加強(qiáng)；樹立；積累
Thecompanyhasbuiltupafinereputation.
該公司已建立起良好的信譽(yù)。
Youmustbuildupyourstrengthafteryourillness.
你在病后必須要增強(qiáng)體力。
高手過(guò)招
完成句子（原創(chuàng)）
①我們應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)孩子們樹立信心。
Weshouldencouragethechildrento.
②看到你的詞匯量在逐漸增長(zhǎng)我很高興。
I’mverygladtoseethatyourvocabularyis.
答案:①builduptheirconfidence
②graduallybuildingup
12.focuson
集中（注意力、精力等）于……；對(duì)(某事或做某事)予以注意；使聚焦于；使直射于
Hefocusedhismindonhislessons.他把心思集中在功課上。
Todaywe’regoingtofocusonthequestionofhomelesspeople.今天,我們主要討論無(wú)家可歸者的問(wèn)題。
Anearˉsightedpersoncannotfocusaccuratelyondistantobjects.近視的人看不清遠(yuǎn)處的物體。
聯(lián)想拓展
focusone’sattentiononsth.=center/concentrate/fixone’sattentiononsth.集中注意力于……
高手過(guò)招
完成句子（原創(chuàng)）
①在我看來(lái)，學(xué)校應(yīng)該把精力集中在教學(xué)上。
Inmyopinion,schoolsshould.
②他把相機(jī)對(duì)準(zhǔn)了遠(yuǎn)處的高樓。
Hehiscamerathehugebuildinginthedistance.
答案:①focusattentiononteaching
②focused；on
重點(diǎn)句型
13.In1974,hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.
1974年，他成為世界上第一位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先鋒。
不定式放在表示次序的詞thefirst,thelast,thebest以及theonly,thevery,theright等詞后面,且這些詞與動(dòng)詞不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，結(jié)構(gòu)為：thefirst/last/best/only/very/right...+n.+todosth.表示“第一個(gè)/最后一個(gè)/最好的一個(gè)/唯一的/恰好的/合適的……做某事的人/物”。
Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.
他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)并且最后一個(gè)離開。
Thelastmantoleavethesinkingshipwasthecaptain.
最后一個(gè)離開正在下沉的船的那個(gè)人是船長(zhǎng)。
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
HeisthelastpersontoMary’sbirthdayparty.（原創(chuàng)）
A.toinviteB.tobeinvited
C.invitedD.beinginvited
解析：選B。考查不定式作定語(yǔ)的用法。當(dāng)名詞前面有序數(shù)詞或last,next等詞修飾時(shí)，名詞后面多用不定式作定語(yǔ)。如NewZealandwasthefirstnationinmoderntimestoallowwomentovote.新西蘭成為現(xiàn)代史上第一個(gè)允許婦女有選舉權(quán)的國(guó)家。
14.Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.
用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民們種出的糧食比以前多了一倍。
倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：
A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj.＋as＋B
A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋比較級(jí)＋than＋B
A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋（由某些形容詞變化而來(lái)的）n.＋of＋B
I’mnotgoingoutwithamanwho’stwiceasoldasme.
我不愿意和一個(gè)年紀(jì)比我大一倍的男人一起參加社交活動(dòng)。
Wegotthreetimesasmanypeopleasexpected.
來(lái)的人超過(guò)我們預(yù)料人數(shù)的兩倍。
You’renothalfascleverasyouthinkyouare.
你可不像自己想像的一半那么聰明。
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
Whatatable!I’veneverseensuchathingbefore.Itisitislong.（原創(chuàng)）
A.halfnotaswideasB.widenotashalfas
C.nothalfaswideasD.aswideasnothalf
解析：選C。考查倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。表達(dá)倍數(shù)的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是：A+be+倍數(shù)+as+adj.+as+B。as...as中間是形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，而不可以是比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。
15.Thisalsokeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.
這還可以讓空氣、土壤、水以及農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。
keep...freefrom無(wú)……的；免于……；擺脫……（常用作表語(yǔ)、后置定語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）
聯(lián)想拓展
befreetodosth.自由地做，隨意地做
setsb.free釋放某人
get/givesth.forfree免費(fèi)得到/贈(zèng)送
asmokeˉfreeroom/area無(wú)煙室/區(qū)
freeofcharge免費(fèi)
高手過(guò)招
完成句子
用這個(gè)東西把桌子罩住，免得有灰塵落在上面。
thetabledirtybyputtingacoveroverit.
答案:Keep;freefrom
Unit2 Working the land Period 1 Warming up and pre-reading教案
Unit2Workingtheland
Period1Warmingupandpre-reading.
Step1Lead-in.
PoemByLiShen
Farmersweedingatnoon,Sweatdownthefieldsoon.
Whoknowsfoodonatray,Duetotheirtoilingday.
ThenletonestudentrecitethepoeminChinese.
Step2Warmingupbyquestioning
Hello,everyone.Weshallreadaboutmanwhoworksthelandtoday.Haveyouevergrownanyplants?Ifnot,whatkindofplantwouldyouliketogrow?Howwillyougrowit?
(Forreference:Mr.Li,Iworkedwithmyfatherinthericefieldlastyear.Wegrowhybridriceanduseanimalwastestomakethesoilrich.)
Hasanyoneofyoueverbeentothecountryside?Whatdidyoudothere?
(Forreference:IwenttoChuankouthedaybeforeyesterday.Itisasmallmountainvillage75linorthofBeijing.Iwenttheretovisitmyuncle’sfamily.Ilikethatsmallbeautifulvillageverymuch.)
Whoarefromafarmer’sfamily?Whatdoyouknowaboutfarming?
Step3Pre-readingandtalking
Questioningandanswering
RiceismainfoodinSouthChina.Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappeniftomorrowtherewassuddenlynoricetoeat?
(Forreference:Thenthesouthpeoplewouldhavetochangetheireatinghabit.Theycouldturntopotatoes,wheatflour,cowandsheepcheese,cabbage,onionsandgarlicforfood.TheyarethebasesofthetraditionalfoodinNorthChina.)
Ifyouhadthechancetodoonethingtohelpendhungerintheworld,whatwouldyoudo?
(Forreference:Iwouldtrytoendhungerbypopularizingtheadvancedfarmingtechniques.Moderntechniquescouldbeintroducedtoincreasethericeoutput,andexpandtheareaoffields.)
GivingbackgroundinformationaboutProfessorYuanLongping
HaveyoueverheardofamancalledProfessorYuanLongping?Wouldanyoneofyoutelltheclasssomethingabouthim?
(Forreference:ProfessorYuanLongpingisaChineseagriculturalscientist.ProfessorYuansbreakthroughscientificachievementledtotheworldsfirstsuccessfulandwidelygrownhybridricevarieties,revolutionizingricecultivationinChinaandtriplingproductionoverageneration.HisapproachtoricebreedingthenspreadinternationallythroughoutAsiaandtoAfricaandtheAmericas,providingfoodfortensofmillionsandleadingtohisbecomingknownasthe"FatherofHybridRice."
Step4.Reading
Readingaloudtotherecording
Comprehension—understandingwhatyouarereading—isimportant.Toreadinthoughtgroupsisaneasy,yeteffective,wayofimprovingreadingcomprehension.Nowturntopage9andreadaloudtotherecordingofthetextAPIONEERFORALLPEOPLE.Payattentiontothethoughtgroupsinthesentenceswhilelisteningandreadingaloud.
Abriefintroduction:
YuanLongpingisknownasChina’s“fatherofhybridrice”.It’ssaidthatinChina,weeatdependingon“TwoPing”----DengXiaoping,whomadethepolicyofSystemofProductionResponsibility,&YuanLongping,whoinventedhybridrice.
YuanLongping,whowasborninSeptember,1930,graduatedfromAgricultureDepartmentinSouthwestAgriculturalInstitute.Hehasbeenworkingonagricultureeducation&theresearchintohybridricesincehelefttheinstitute.
Inthe1960s,whenChinawassufferingfromseriousfamine,hecameupwiththeideaofhybridrice,whichhasahighyield(oroutput).Tenyearslater,hesucceededininventinganewspeciesthatproduceda20percenthigheryieldthancommontypesofrice.
Yuandevotedhimselftotheresearchintoagriculture,&washonoredbyUNESCO&FAO(聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織）.Althoughheis74yearsold,heisstillworkingontheresearchintoagriculture.
Unit2 Working the land Period 1 Warming up and pre-reading 教案
Unit2Workingtheland
Period1Warmingupandpre-reading.
Step1Lead-in.
PoemByLiShen
Farmersweedingatnoon,Sweatdownthefieldsoon.
Whoknowsfoodonatray,Duetotheirtoilingday.
ThenletonestudentrecitethepoeminChinese.
Step2Warmingupbyquestioning
Hello,everyone.Weshallreadaboutmanwhoworksthelandtoday.Haveyouevergrownanyplants?Ifnot,whatkindofplantwouldyouliketogrow?Howwillyougrowit?
(Forreference:Mr.Li,Iworkedwithmyfatherinthericefieldlastyear.Wegrowhybridriceanduseanimalwastestomakethesoilrich.)
Hasanyoneofyoueverbeentothecountryside?Whatdidyoudothere?
(Forreference:IwenttoChuankouthedaybeforeyesterday.Itisasmallmountainvillage75linorthofBeijing.Iwenttheretovisitmyuncle’sfamily.Ilikethatsmallbeautifulvillageverymuch.)
Whoarefromafarmer’sfamily?Whatdoyouknowaboutfarming?
Step3Pre-readingandtalking
Questioningandanswering
RiceismainfoodinSouthChina.Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappeniftomorrowtherewassuddenlynoricetoeat?
(Forreference:Thenthesouthpeoplewouldhavetochangetheireatinghabit.Theycouldturntopotatoes,wheatflour,cowandsheepcheese,cabbage,onionsandgarlicforfood.TheyarethebasesofthetraditionalfoodinNorthChina.)
Ifyouhadthechancetodoonethingtohelpendhungerintheworld,whatwouldyoudo?
(Forreference:Iwouldtrytoendhungerbypopularizingtheadvancedfarmingtechniques.Moderntechniquescouldbeintroducedtoincreasethericeoutput,andexpandtheareaoffields.)
GivingbackgroundinformationaboutProfessorYuanLongping
HaveyoueverheardofamancalledProfessorYuanLongping?Wouldanyoneofyoutelltheclasssomethingabouthim?
(Forreference:ProfessorYuanLongpingisaChineseagriculturalscientist.ProfessorYuansbreakthroughscientificachievementledtotheworldsfirstsuccessfulandwidelygrownhybridricevarieties,revolutionizingricecultivationinChinaandtriplingproductionoverageneration.HisapproachtoricebreedingthenspreadinternationallythroughoutAsiaandtoAfricaandtheAmericas,providingfoodfortensofmillionsandleadingtohisbecomingknownasthe"FatherofHybridRice."
Step4.Reading
Readingaloudtotherecording
Comprehension—understandingwhatyouarereading—isimportant.Toreadinthoughtgroupsisaneasy,yeteffective,wayofimprovingreadingcomprehension.Nowturntopage9andreadaloudtotherecordingofthetextAPIONEERFORALLPEOPLE.Payattentiontothethoughtgroupsinthesentenceswhilelisteningandreadingaloud.
Abriefintroduction:
YuanLongpingisknownasChina’s“fatherofhybridrice”.It’ssaidthatinChina,weeatdependingon“TwoPing”----DengXiaoping,whomadethepolicyofSystemofProductionResponsibility,&YuanLongping,whoinventedhybridrice.
YuanLongping,whowasborninSeptember,1930,graduatedfromAgricultureDepartmentinSouthwestAgriculturalInstitute.Hehasbeenworkingonagricultureeducation&theresearchintohybridricesincehelefttheinstitute.
Inthe1960s,whenChinawassufferingfromseriousfamine,hecameupwiththeideaofhybridrice,whichhasahighyield(oroutput).Tenyearslater,hesucceededininventinganewspeciesthatproduceda20percenthigheryieldthancommontypesofrice.
Yuandevotedhimselftotheresearchintoagriculture,&washonoredbyUNESCO&FAO(聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織）.Althoughheis74yearsold,heisstillworkingontheresearchintoagriculture.
Unit 2 Working the land Period 2 Learning about Language教案
Period2LearningaboutLanguage
TheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriodThisperiodisabouttheusefulwords,expressionsandstructureslearnedinthereadingpart,fromtheexercisesinthisperiod,thestudentscanconsolidatewhattheylearntinthereadingpart,andlearnthegrammaraboutthe-ingformasanoun.?TeachingImportantPoints?Learnhowtousethe-ingformasanoun.?TeachingDifficultPoints?Learntousethe-ingformasasubjectaswellasanobject.?TeachingMethods?Asking-and-answeringactivitytocheckthestudents’answersoftheexercises;individual,pairorgroupworktofinisheachtask.?TeachingAids?Amulti-mediacomputer?Ablackboard?
ThreeDimensionalTeachingAimsKnowledgeandSkills?Learnsomekeywords:?trial,consider,prove,tellthetruth,pretend,thinkhighlyof,besides?Learnsomeimportantdrills:?IthinkhighlyofthosewhoaresearchingfortheAmberRoom.?Besides,myfatheroncetoldmethatanypersonwhofindssomethingcouldkeepit.?ImustsaythatIagreewithyou.?ImustsaythatIdon’tagreewithyou.?Helpthestudentslearnhowtousethe-ingformasanoun.?Enablethestudentstolearnhowtomakejudgmentsandgivetheiropinions.?ProcessandStrategies?Theteachermayleadthestudentstosumupsomegrammaticalitemsthemselves.?Givesomenecessaryexplanation.?FeelingsandValue?Throughthestudyingofthispartthestudentswillknowmoreaboutthe-ingformasanoun.Besides,theirabilityoftransferencewillbestrengthened.?TeachingProcedures?Step1Revision?1.Greetings.?2.AskthestudentstousethefirstpersontoretellthepassageaboutDrYuan,andaskthemtotrytousetheproperconjunctions.?Step2Usefulwordsandexpressions?T:Fromthereadingpart,wecanfindsomeusefulwordsandexpressions.Sonowpleasefindthewordsandexpressionsthatmeansthesamefromthetext.(Ex.1onPage11)?Aftertwominutes,theteacherbeginstochecktheanswersandgivetherightanswers:?Suggestedanswers:?1.sunburnt2.hunger3.rid...of4.expand5.circulate6.leada...life7.wouldrather8.thanksto9.struggle10.export?T:NowLet’scometoEx.2.Pleasecompletethepassagewithwordsandexpressionsfromtheprevioussections,thenI’llaskyoutogivemetheanswerssentencebysentence.?Afterseveralminutes,theteacheraskthestudentstogivetheiranswers.?Suggestedanswers:?1.prove2.wouldrather3.livea4.life5.rid6.of7.output8.increased9.sunburnt?T:HowaboutEx.3,haveyoufoundtheanswers?I’dliketoasksomeofyoutoreadthesentencesandthengivemetheanswers.?Suggestedanswers:?1.super2.satisfied3.strain4.exported5.suitableStep3Discoveringusefulstructures?T:Let’scometodiscoveringusefulstructures,atfirstlet’sfinishtheexercisesinthispart.Doyouknowwhatdoes“evenapoorpersoncanhaveawish”mean??S:Itmeans“Wishingforthingscostsnothing.”?T:Verygood!NowpleaserewritethesentencesinEx.2onPage12.?Afterfiveminutes,theteachercheckstheanswers.(Ssanswerthequestionsonebyone.)?Suggestedanswers:?1.Helpingpeopleinneedofhelpisnice.?2.Growinghybridriceisn’teasy.?3.Learningmoreaboutfarmingisn’tdifficult.?4.Doingresearchinthecountrysideisn’teasy.?5.GettingridofhungerisveryimportantinsomeAfricancountries.?6.Explainingthisagainisimportantorwewillgetconfused.?T:Doyouthinkit’sveryeasytolearnaboutthe-ingformasthesubject?Buthowaboutthe-ingformastheobject?NowI’dliketochecktheanswersofEx.3onPage12.?(Ssgivetheanswersonebyone.)?Suggestedanswers:?1.DrYuanlikestalkingtoricegrowersabouthiswork.?2.Hecontinueddoingresearchuntilabetterstrainofricewasfound.?3.Manycitykidslookforwardtovisitingthecountryside.?4.Notallstudentsenjoyworkinginthefields.?5.Theystartedproducinghybridricein1974.?6.Iremembermeetingthescientistwhilehewasin!--?xml:namespaceprefix=st1ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"/--Beijinglasttime.?Step4Grammar?T:Today,wearegoingtolearnthev.-ingasanoun.Soatfirstwhocantellmewhatanouncanbeusedasinasentence?Andpleasegivemesomeexamples.?S:Itcanbeusedassubject.Forexample:Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.?T:NowIthinkyouhaveknownhowtousethev.-ingassubject.Buthowaboutothers??S:Itcanalsobeusedasobject.Forexample:Ihaveforgottenseeingthisfilm.?T:Youareright.Thev.-ingformcanbeusedasobject,too.Nowlet’scometoknowmoreaboutit.T:Verygood.(Theteachermaygiveasystematicalexplanationofthegrammar.)?Step5Homework?1.FinishtherelatedexercisesonWorkbook.?2.Prepareforthenextclass.?3.Finishtheexercisesaboutthe-ingformasthesubjectandobject.?
TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboard
Unit2Workingtheland
Period2Learningaboutlanguage1.chemicaladj.化學(xué)的;關(guān)于化學(xué)的?chemistryn.化學(xué)?2.Phrasesthatcanbeusedwiththe-ingform:?begoodat;care(little)about;dreamof;devote...to;seetheneedfor;beafraidof;beconcernedabout;beinterestedin?
RecordafterTeaching
ActivitiesandResearchWhenleadinginthegrammarpart,youmaygivethestudentssomeexamplesaboutthe-ingformasanounandencouragethestudentstosumupthegrammaticalrules.Thentheteachermayaskthestudentstomakeupasmanysentencesaspossibletoconsolidateit.?
ReferenceforTeachingGrammar?
動(dòng)名詞一、概述?和不定式一樣,動(dòng)名詞也是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種,它通常由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成。動(dòng)名詞有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種語(yǔ)態(tài),有一般式,完成式和進(jìn)行式三種形式。如下表所示:
!--?xml:namespaceprefix=vns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"/--
態(tài)
時(shí)
態(tài)
語(yǔ)
主動(dòng)
被動(dòng)
一般式
doing
beingdone
完成式
havingdone
havingbeendone
完成進(jìn)行式
havingbeendoing
無(wú)
動(dòng)名詞仍保留有動(dòng)詞的特征,可以和自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的功能,在句中可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。?二、動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式?1.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式?①一般式?動(dòng)名詞的一般式表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,或者表示一種無(wú)時(shí)間性限制的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。?HeenjoyswritinglettersinEnglish.?他喜歡用英語(yǔ)寫信。?Manyyoungpeoplelikeplayingfootball.?許多年輕人喜歡踢足球。?②完成式?動(dòng)名詞的完成式表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),如:?Theyregrethavingbeenunabletohelpyou.?他們?yōu)闆](méi)能幫上你的忙而遺憾。?Afterhavingwrittentheletter,hewenttopostit.?他寫完信,就去寄它了。?Sheregrettedhavingmissedthefilm.?她后悔沒(méi)有看到那部電影。?③完成進(jìn)行式?動(dòng)名詞的完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,并一直持續(xù)到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí),或繼續(xù)。如:?Forgivemeformyhavingbeeninterruptingyousomuch.?原諒我打擾你這么久。2.動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式?當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),用被動(dòng)式。如:?Heclimbedthroughthewindowwithoutbeingseen.?他從窗口爬進(jìn)去,沒(méi)有被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。?Sheneedstoworkwithoutbeingdisturbed(=withoutpeopledisturbher).?她要在無(wú)人干擾的情況下才能工作。?動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)分成一般式和完成式兩種。如:?Therailwayisintheprocessofbeingconstructed.?鐵路在興建中。?AfterhavingkeptaprisonerintheBastilleformanyyears,DrManettehadrecentlybeensetfree.?曼奈特醫(yī)生被關(guān)在巴士底監(jiān)獄許多年后,最近獲釋。?特別提示:-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義?在want,need,deserve,require等動(dòng)詞后,總是用-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,相當(dāng)于“tobe+過(guò)去分詞”。如:?Mywatchneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).?我的手表需要修理。?Thehousewantscleaning.這房屋需要打掃。?在worth這個(gè)形容詞后情形也是這樣。如:?Thefilmisworthseeing.這部影片值得一看。?Theplaceisworthvisiting.那個(gè)地方值得一游。?三、動(dòng)名詞的否定式?動(dòng)名詞的否定式通常是在動(dòng)名詞前加否定詞not。例如:?Iapologizeformynothavingkeptpromise.?我沒(méi)能遵守諾言,十分抱歉。?Iregretnotbeingabletohelpyou.?我很抱歉不能幫助你。?1.作主語(yǔ)?動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),句子有兩種形式:?(1)動(dòng)名詞直接置于句首主語(yǔ)的位置上。?Playingtricksonothersissomethingweshouldneverdo.?捉弄?jiǎng)e人是我們?nèi)f萬(wàn)不能干的。?Learningnewwordsisveryimportantforme.?學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。?Talkingiseasierthandoing。說(shuō)比做容易。?(2)用形式主語(yǔ)it,把真正的主語(yǔ)——?jiǎng)用~結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制,作表語(yǔ)的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞,如useful,useless,good,fun，nouse,worth等。例如:?ItisuselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.?和夏洛克爭(zhēng)辯是沒(méi)有什么用的。?It’sworthmakingtheeffort.?這事值得去做。?Isitanygoodtryingtoexplain??想再解釋一次有好處嗎??Itispleasantworkingwithyou.?跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。?(3)在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ),這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于“Itisimpossibletodo...”。例如:?Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit.?若要人不知,除非己莫為。?Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter。?這種事開不得玩笑。?Therewasnoknowingwhenhewouldleave.?無(wú)法知道他什么時(shí)候離開。?注意:動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的比較:?動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作通常是一個(gè)泛指的動(dòng)作,不定式則通常表示具體的動(dòng)作。例如:?Asachild,shefeltthatvisitingsickpeoplewasadutyandapleasure.?還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候,她就覺(jué)得探視病人是一種責(zé)任,也是一種愉悅。?BeingaguestinanAmericanhomewillbeagoodexperienceforme.?到美國(guó)人家里做客對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)將是一個(gè)極好的經(jīng)歷。?Doingnothingisdoingill.?什么也不做就是作惡。?Hesaid,“Togoonlikethisisnouse.”?他說(shuō):“繼續(xù)這樣下去是無(wú)用的?！?It’sanhonourformetobeinvitedtotheparty.?我很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)晚會(huì)。?歸納:常用-ing形式作主語(yǔ)的句型有:?It+be+awasteoftimedoing做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的?Itis/wasnogood/usedoing做……是沒(méi)用處的?Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing做……不值得?Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做……是值得的?Thereisnodoing無(wú)法……,不允許……?Thereisnosenseindoing做……沒(méi)有道理?Thereis/wasnousedoing干……無(wú)意義?Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing沒(méi)有比……更糟的?Thereis/wasnopointdoing干……無(wú)意義?Therewasnoknowingwherewewouldgo.?我們不知道要去哪兒。?Thereisnopointdoingsuchasillything.?做這件傻事毫無(wú)意義。?注意:Thereisnoneedtodosth.干……沒(méi)必要,在此句式中todo不可換為doing。?Thereisnoneedtotellher.沒(méi)有必要告訴她。?提示:當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成。?Mysister’sbeingillmadeweworried.?我姐姐病了,使我很擔(dān)心。?Yourbeingrightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong.?你正確未必就意味著我錯(cuò)了。2.作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)?動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)有兩種情況。一是有些動(dòng)詞只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ);二是有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。?（1）只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,常見的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannothelp,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannotstand等。如:?Ican’tavoidgoing.我不能不去。?Haveyouconsideredlookingforonespecialfriend??你是否考慮過(guò)找一位摯友??Wemusttrytoavoidrepeatingthesamemistake.?我們必須設(shè)法避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。?Doyoufeellikehavingawalkwithmeaftersupper??晚飯后你想和我一起散步嗎??Peoplecouldn’thelplaughingfoolishman.?人們?nèi)滩蛔〕靶δ莻€(gè)愚蠢的人。?這類動(dòng)詞還有:excuse,fancy,giveup,putoff,risk等。?（2）既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,常見的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget,remember,hate等。?A.在like,love,hate,prefer等動(dòng)詞之后,用-ing或不定式意義上沒(méi)有什么不同,只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)有些不同,動(dòng)名詞表示泛指的動(dòng)作,不定式表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作。例如:?Iconsideredgoing,butIhavethiscompositiontowrite.?我考慮要去,可是我要寫這篇作文。?Ienjoylearningaboutnewthingsfrompoliticstosportsandmusic.?我喜歡從政治、體育及音樂(lè)等方面學(xué)習(xí)新的事情。?Webelievethatmanymorepeoplewillprefertotravelbyair.?我們相信將會(huì)有更多的人喜歡乘坐飛機(jī)旅行。?在wouldlike／love／prefer之后,只能用不定式。例如:?I’dprefertodothattomorrow.這事我想明天再做。?I’dliketodosomeshopping,butnotduringtheday.?我倒是想去購(gòu)物,但又不想白天去。?I’dlikeyoutomeetDrZhang.?我想讓你見一見張醫(yī)生。?Oh,Iwouldlovetobeacontestant.?噢,我倒是想做個(gè)參賽者。?B.在begin/start,continue之后,用動(dòng)名詞和不定式,意義無(wú)甚區(qū)別,尤其是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人的時(shí)候。例如:?Jazzstarteddevelopinginthe1920sintheSouthernStates.?20年代爵士音樂(lè)在美國(guó)南部各州開始發(fā)展。?Theshipstartedtoleakandbegintofillwithwater.?船體開始出現(xiàn)漏洞,并開始進(jìn)水。?Hankstartedtowalkthroughthecarriagestogetbacktohisseat.?漢克開始走回他自己坐的車廂。?Journalistshavetostopworkingononestoryandstartworkingimmediatelyontheimportantnewone.?新聞?dòng)浾卟坏貌煌Ｏ率种兴鶎懙?立刻開始寫最新的重要新聞。?當(dāng)begin/start與see,think,feel,understand等動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),用不定式。例如:?Theybegantounderstandhowimportanttheforestis.?他們開始明白森林有多么重要。?begin/start用進(jìn)行式時(shí),只能后接不定式。例如:?Iwasbeginningtowonderifitwaseasyenoughtogoontheclimbing.?我開始想繼續(xù)往上爬會(huì)不會(huì)越來(lái)越難。?I’mstartingtoputonweightagain.?我又開始長(zhǎng)胖了。?C.在動(dòng)詞forget,remember,regret之后,用動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同。動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生,不定式表示后于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作,例如:?Irememberpostingtheletter.?我記得我已把信寄了。?I’llremembertoposttheletter.?我會(huì)記著去寄信的。?Ishallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriter.?我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記見到過(guò)那位著名作家。?Don’tforgettowritetoyourmother.?不要忘了給你母親寫信。?Iregretmissingthereport.?我真后悔沒(méi)趕上那次報(bào)告會(huì)。?IregrettosayIcan’ttakeyouradvice.?我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。?D.在try,mean之后,意義各不相同,如trytodo(設(shè)法),trydoing(試試),meantodo(打算,有意要做),meandoing(意思是,意味著)。例如:?Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.?我們必須設(shè)法及時(shí)把一切搞好。?Let’strydoingtheworkinginsomeotherway.?我們用別的方法做這工作試試。?Ididn’tmeantomakeyouangry.?我并不想叫你生氣。?Yourplanwouldmeanspendinghours.?你的計(jì)劃意味著要花費(fèi)幾個(gè)小時(shí)。?E.goondoing和goontodo?goondoing繼續(xù)做一直在做的事;goontodo接著做另一件事。例如:?Pleasegoondoingthesameexercise.請(qǐng)接著做這同一個(gè)練習(xí)。?Pleasegoontodotheotherexercise.請(qǐng)做另外一個(gè)練習(xí)。?F.stopdoing與stoptodo?stopdoing停止做,stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如:?Westoppedtalking.我們停止了交談。?Westoppedtotalk.我們停了下來(lái)去談話。3.作介詞的賓語(yǔ)?動(dòng)名詞可與介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。?A.介詞+動(dòng)名詞,如:?We’vegottothinkofwaysofchangingpeople’shabits.?我們得想些辦法改變?nèi)藗兊牧?xí)慣。?Iapologizeforbeingsoangrywithyou.?我向你道歉,剛才對(duì)你那樣生氣。?Afterbeingawayforseveralyears,itisastrangeexperiencetoreturntotheplaceyouwerebornandbroughtup.?離開幾年之后再回到你生長(zhǎng)的地方,感覺(jué)有點(diǎn)怪。?B.動(dòng)詞+介詞+動(dòng)名詞,例如:?Iinsistontakingproperfoodforthisexpedition.?我堅(jiān)持為這次出行帶足需要的食物。?Insteadofsmiling,eachofthemmadeaface.?同學(xué)們臉上沒(méi)有笑容,相反都做了怪臉。?Shewasveryinterestedinworkingforourcompany.?她對(duì)為我們公司工作很感興趣。?下列短語(yǔ)中的to都是介詞,所以后面跟名詞或-ing形式:devoteto,objectto,payattentionto,getdownto,leadto,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto等。?
