小學(xué)語文微課教案
發(fā)表時間：2020-11-03Unit 2 Working the land Period3 ExtensiveReading。
Period3ExtensiveReadingTheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriod
Thisperiodisaboutthereadingofthepassages:Organicfarming.Itcanhelpthestudentslearnsomethingmoreaboutthemodernagriculture.?
TeachingImportantPoints?
Helpthestudentstounderstandthepassagesandrealizetheimportanceoforganicfarming.
TeachingDifficulties?
Howtoimprovethestudents’readingability.?
Howtohelpthestudentsunderstandtheadvantagesoforganicfarming.?
TeachingMethods?
Asking-and-answeringactivitytocheckthestudents’understandingofthetext;individual,pairorgroupworktofinisheachtask.?
TeachingAids?
Ataperecorder?
Amulti-mediacomputerandablackboard?
ThreeDimensionalTeachingAims
KnowledgeandSkills?
Trainthestudents’readingability.?
Learnsomeusefulwordsanddrill.?
Enablethestudentstoknowthedifferencesbetweenorganicfarmingandchemicalfarming.?
ProcessandStrategies?
Pairworktotalkabouttheadvantagesoforganicfarming.?
Individualworktofinisheachtask.?
FeelingsandValue?
Throughthereadingofthispassagethestudentsmayhaveabetterunderstandingoftheadvantagesoforganicfarming.Itisimportantaspeoplearemoreandmoreconcernedaboutthequalityofthefoodweeat.?
TeachingProcedures?
Step1Warmingup?
1.Greetings?
2.Checktheanswersoftheexercisesaboutthe-ingformasthesubjectandobject.
Step2Readingforstructure?
T:IntheReadingpartwelearntsomethingaboutplantingrice,butdoyouknowwhatisthebestwaytoplantrice??
Ss:...?
T:Todaywe’lllearnapassageaboutorganicfarming.Nowpleasereadthetextandtrytofindoutthemainideaofeachparagraph.I’llgiveyoufiveminutes.?
(fiveminuteslater)?
T:WhowouldliketotellmethemainideaofParagraphOne??
S:It’s“Whatis‘organicfarming’?”?
T:That’sright.HowaboutParagraphTwo??
S:Themainideais“Thefertilizerthatorganicfarmerspreferisnaturalwastefromanimals”.?
T:Thankyouforyourgoodanswers.Let’scometothenextparagraph.?
S:Themainideaforthelastparagraphis“Organicfarmerschangecropseverytwoorthreeyears”.?
T:Everyonehasdoneagoodjob,Ihopeeveryonegotalltheanswersbyyourself.
Step3Readingfordetails?
T:Nowpleasereadthepassageagain,andtrytofindalltheanswersforthefollowingquestions:?
1.Whatisorganicfarming??
2.Whatproblemsarecausedbyusingchemicalfertilizers??
3.Whydoorganicfarmersgrowpeasorsoybeansaftercornorwheat??
T:Finish?Anyonegetstheanswerforthequestions??
Suggestedanswers:?
1.Organicfarmingmeansgrowingcropswithoutchemicalfertilizers.?
2.Therearethreeproblems.First,chemicalfertilizersaffectthesoilandthewatersupplybadly.Second,theyallowfarmerstogrowthesamecropyearafteryearandexhaustthesoil.Third,theykillbothhelpfulandharmfulpests.?
3.Farmersgrowpeasorsoybeansaftercornorwheatsothatpeasandbeanscanputmineralsbackintothesoil,makingitrichandhealthyandreadytogrowmorewheatorcorn.
Step4ExtensiveReading?
T:Pleasereadthetextforthethirdtime,thenfillinthefollowingtable.?
(Fiveminuteslatertheteacherchecktheanswersonebyone.)?
AdvantagesoforganicfarmingReason
1.Farmersusenaturalwastefromanimals.1.Thismakesthesoilricherinmineralsandsomorefertile.
2.Thesoilisnotexhausted.2.Peasandsoybeansrenewthemineralsinthesoilanditbecomesrichandhealthy.
3.Theyusethesoiltobestadvantage.3.Theyplantcropsthatneedsurfacesoilandnextcropsthatgrowatadeeperlevel.Sothewindandwaterdoesn’tcarryawaythesoil.Alltherichnessofthesoilisused.
Step5Retelling?
T:Nowpleaseretellthetextaccordingtothefollowingchart,youcandiscussingroups.Organicfarming?
1.Cropsgrowingwithnaturalfertilizers.?
2.Farmersprefernaturalwastefromanimals.?
①make...richerandmorefertile①leaving...isnotgood?
②reduce...andhelp...strong②grow...yearafteryear?
③thefertilizerskill...andhealthy?
④keepfree...fromchemicals?
(Threeminuteslater,theteacherasksomestudentstohaveatry)
Step6Languagepoints?
Teacherexplainstheimportantwordsandexpressionsfromthereading.Trytouseasmanyexamplesaspossibletoillustratethepoint.Afterillustration,teachercangivestudentssomeexercisetoconsolidatetheirunderstanding.?
Step7SummaryandHomework?
T:Todaywelearnedapassageaboutorganicfarming.Ifyouareinterestedinit,youmayfindmoreinformationaboutitontheInternetafterclass.What’smore,youshouldfinishyourworkbookexercises.Somuchfortoday!?
TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboard
Unit3Workingtheland
Period3Extensivereading
1.reducev.makesth.smallerinsize,number,degree,price,etc.?
e.g.Thecompanytriestoincreaseprofitsbyreducingcosts.?
Wehavereducedexpensesthisyear.?
2.supplyv.givesb.sth.thatisneededoruseful?
e.g.HekeptmewellsuppliedwithcupsofcoffeewhileIwrotethereport.?
Theshopwasunabletosupplywhatshewanted.?
3.refertov.mentionorspeakofsb./sth.?
e.g.WhenIsaidsomepeoplewereverystupid,Iwasn’treferringtoyou.?
Don’trefertothismatteragain.?
RecordafterTeaching
ActivitiesandResearch
Theteachermayencouragethestudentswhoareinterestedinorganicfarmingtofindmoreinformationaboutitandshareitwithotherstudentsinclass.?
ReferenceforTeaching
LanguagePoints?
1.reducev.makesth.smallerinsize,number,degree,price,etc.?
e.g.Thecompanytriestoincreaseprofitsbyreducingcosts?
公司盡力通過減少花銷來提高利潤。?
Wehavereducedexpensesthisyear.?
今年我們已經(jīng)減少了業(yè)務(wù)開支。
2.supplyv.givesb.sth.thatisneededoruseful?
e.g.HekeptmewellsuppliedwithcupsofcoffeewhileIwrotethereport.?
當(dāng)我寫報告時,他不斷地給我提供咖啡。?
Theshopwasunabletosupplywhatshewanted.?
在這家商店她買不到她所想買的東西。
3.refertov.mentionorspeakofsb./sth.?
e.g.WhenIsaidsomepeoplewereverystupid,Iwasn’treferringtoyou.?
當(dāng)我說有些人是很愚蠢的時候,我不是說你。?
Don’trefertothismatteragain.?
別再提這件事了。?
Sentencesandstructures?
Findoutallthesentenceswith“v.+ing”forms,andtrytorememberthem.?
Translatethefollowingsentences,andtellwhatpartofspeechestheredpartsareusedas.?
1.它也指用自然肥料而不是化肥種植的莊稼。?
Italsoreferstocropsgrowingwithnaturalratherthanchemicalfertilizers.?
注:growing...在句中充當(dāng)定語。修飾crops。
2.他們說,把這種肥料施在農(nóng)田里會使土壤含有更豐富的礦物質(zhì),而（土壤）也會更加肥沃。?
Puttingthisintheirfields,theyargue,makesthesoilricherinmineralsandsomorefertile.?
注:Putting...在句中充當(dāng)狀語。?
3.這一點很重要,因為土壤改良了,農(nóng)作物的病蟲害就減少了,因而有助于農(nóng)作物的茁壯成長。?
Thisisimportantbecausedevelopingahealthysoilreducesdiseasesincropsandhelpsthemgrowstrongandhealthy.?
注:developing...在句中充當(dāng)主語。
4.然而使用化肥會帶來很大的問題。?
However,usingchemicalfertilizersisabigproblem.
5.第一,在田地里長期遺留化學(xué)物質(zhì)對土壤和水源不利。?
Firstly,leavingchemicalsinthegroundforalongtimeisnotgoodforthesoilorthewatersupply.?
注:leaving...在句中充當(dāng)主語。
6.不同的是,有機耕作的農(nóng)民們堅持每隔兩三年換種農(nóng)作物。?
Instead,organicfarminginsistonchangingcropseverytwoorthreeyear.?
注:changing...在句中充當(dāng)賓語。
7.這些農(nóng)作物將礦物質(zhì)帶回土壤,使之肥沃強效,適宜于種植要求土壤肥沃的農(nóng)作物,例如玉米和小麥。?
Theseputthemineralsbackintothesoil,makingitrichandhealthyandreadytogrowcropsthatneedrichandfertilesoillikecornorwheat.?
注:making...在句中充當(dāng)狀語。
8.但無論他們種什么,他們確保在收割后留在地里的東西成為來年農(nóng)作物的天然肥料。?
Butwhatevertheygrowtheymakesurethatwhatisleftinthegroundafterharvestingbecomesanaturalfertilizerforthenextyear’scrops.?
注:harvesting...在句中跟after一起充當(dāng)時間狀語。?
擴展閱讀
Unit 2 Working the land The First Period Reading 教案
Unit2Workingtheland
TheFirstPeriodReading
Teachinggoals
EnableSstolearnmoreaboutagriculture,countrysideandfarming.
HelpSslearnhowtodescribeDrYuanLongpingincludinghispersonality.
Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints
a.Helptocomprehendthetextandgraspthemainideaofthetext.
b.Grasptheusageofsomewordsandexpressions.
c.Howtohelpstudentslearnmoreaboutagriculture.
Teachingmethods
Talking,questioning-and-answeringactivityandreading.
Teachingaids
Ataperecorder,aprojectorandacomputer.
StepⅠGreetingandleadingin
T:Hello,everyone.
Ss:Hello,teacher.
T:Inlastunitwelearntsomegreatwomen.Todaywe’lllearnafamousman.Whowillitbe?Atfirstlet’slookatthetwopicturesonPage9.Whatarethepeopledoing?
Ss:Theyareplantingrice.
T:Canyoutellmesomethingaboutrice?
S:Ricegrowsinthesouth.
S:Butinsomeplaceofthenorthwecanalsofindrice.
T:Yeah.Youareright.Infactriceisacerealgrainthathasbeengrownforatleast5,000yearsandiseatenby2.4billionpeopleeverydaythroughouttheworld.InAustralia,farmershavehadtostrugglewiththeirharshenvironmenttogrowrice.
Ss:Really?
StepⅡWarmingup
T:Haveyouevergrownanyplants?Ifso,whatdidyoudotogrowthem?Ifnot,whatkindofplantwouldyouliketogrow?Howwillyougrowit?
S:Ihaveevergrowncornandpotatoes.Inautumn,myfatherandIploughedthesoildeepforthefirsttime,theninthenextspring,weploughedthesoilforasecondtime,thistimeIputthecornseedsintothetunnelfollowingmyfather.Finallymyfathercoveredthecornseedsbyploughingagain.
T:Verywell.Haveyoueverbeentothecountryside?Whatdidyoudothere?
S:Yes,Iwenttheretoseemygrandfather.InthevillageIplayedwithotherboysinthelittlestreamandcaughtlittlefish.Ievenhelpedmygrandfathergetinthecornbycuttingthecornstems,whichmademetired.
T:Areyoufromafarmer’sfamily?Whatdoyouknowaboutfarming?
S:Yes,myfatherisafarmer.Inmyview,farmingishardwork.Peoplehavetoplantcrops,smoothawayweedsandgetinthecropsattherighttime.Theyhavetogetupearlytoworkinthefieldsoastoprotectthemselvesfromthesunshine.
T:That’sright.Inthenorth,thebiggestworrythatfarmershaveisthedrought.Whenitdoesn’train,andtheycan’tirrigatethecrops,thecropswilldieandtheywillhavenothingafterhardworking.
StepⅢPre-reading
1.Whataretheseriousproblemstheworldfacestoday?
Environment
Population
Naturalresources
Wars
Poverty
Hunger…
Morethan800millionpeoplegotobed
hungryeveryday.-theWorldHealth
Organization(WHO)
Onebillionpeopleintheworldsufferfrom
hungerandmalnutrition.
About24,000peopledieeverydayfrom
hungerorhunger-relatedcauses.Three-
fourthsofthedeathsarechildrenunderthe
ageoffive.-//
2.Whatcanwedotosolveworldhunger?
?Controlthepopulation
?Openmoreareasforgrowing
?Increasetheoutputofcrops
StepⅣFastReading
1Whatisthemainideaofeachpara?
Para1Hisdreams
Para2Hispersonality
Para3Howhethinksofhimselfandhisachievement
para4Hisbiography
(4,3,1,2)
2ListentothetapeandcompletethefollowingnotesaboutYuanLongping.
Name:______________________Nationality:____________________
Age:_______________________Occupation:____________________
Education:__________________________________________________
Dream:____________________________________________________
Achievement:_______________________________________________
Hobbies:___________________________________________________
Answers:
YuanLongpingChinese77scientist/farmergraduatedfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953toexporthishybridricesothatitcanbegrownaroundtheglobein1974,developedhybridrice,whichproduces1/3morethannormalricelisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading
StepVPleasereadthetextagainandanswerthesequestions.
1Whatisspecialabouthisrice?(makeitpossibletodo…)
Thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.
2Whatishiscontributiontotheworld?(thanksto…/rid…of…)
Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.
3Whatishisattitudetolife?(besatisfiedwith…/careabout…)
DrYuanissatisfiedwithhislife.However,hedoesn’tcareaboutbeingfamous.
StepVIHomework
FinishingtheexercisesinLearningaboutLanguage.Exercise1,2and3areaboutusefulwordsandexpressions.Finishthem.Nexttimewe’llchecktheanswers.Ok,classisover.Seeyounexttime.
Period2
Languagepoints
Herearesomeexplanationsabouttheboldfacewordsinourtext.
一vocaburary
1.strugglevtomakegreatefforts
e.g.Theyhavestruggledforyearstofreetheircountryfromtheenemy.
stuggletodosth掙扎做某事
他努力控制住自己的脾氣。He_________controlhistemper.
I’mstrugglingtofinishthehugetheworkyougaveme.
2.sunburntadjsun-tanned
e.g.Hissunburntskinlookshealthy.
3.superadj(infml)excellent;splendid
e.g.You’lllikeher,she’ssuper.
Youlooksuperinyournewclothes.
Itwassuperofyoutohelp.
4.expandv
(causesthto)becomegreaterinsize,numberorimportance
e.g.Metalsexpandwhentheyareheated.
Whynottrytoexpandyourstoryintoanovel?
6.equipv
supplysb/sth(withwhatisneeded,foraparticularpurpose)
equipsbwithsth用……裝備equipsbforsth為……裝備
beequippedwith裝備有
你的訓(xùn)練使得你能夠勝任將來的工作。
Yourtrainingwillequipeyouforyourfuturejob.
Translate:
Theworkerequippedthebikewithaheadlight.
那個工人給自行車裝了一個前燈。
7.exportv
send(goods)toanothercountryforsale
e.g.Indiaexportsteaandcottontomanydifferentcountries.
Thiscompanyhasalargehomemarketbutdoesn’texport.
8regret
后面常跟動詞的ing形式，只有在對將談到的事情表示遺憾時用動詞的不定式。
Regretdoingsth__________________regrettodosth______________________
她為自己發(fā)了脾氣而深感后悔。Shedeeply___________hertemper.
Translate:
Weregrettoinformyouthatyourpassportapplicationhasbeenrefused.
9.rid...ofmakesb/sthfreefrom(sb/sthunpleasant)
e.g.Weallwishthatwewouldridtheworldoffamine.
Thefarmerrecentlytriedtoridthehouseofrats.
10.lead...alife,live...alife
e.g.Nowweareleadingahappylife.
Intheolddaysfarmersledaterriblelifeinthecountry.
11.besatisfiedwith,becontentwith
e.g.Theyoungladyisn’tsatisfiedwiththepeacefullife.
Areyousatisfiedwithhisanswers?
12.wouldrather,preferto
wouldratherdosth
e.g.I’dratherwalkthantakeabus.
I’dratheryouknewthatnow,thanafterwards.
他寧愿到農(nóng)村去工作。He____________workinthecountryside.
Translate:
Iwouldratheryouhadgonethere,too.__________________________
I’dratheryoucametextweekend.___________________________________
Summary:
Wouldrather+從句，常用虛擬語氣。如表示與現(xiàn)在的事實或?qū)淼脑竿喾?，謂語一般用__________時態(tài)；如表示的與過去的事實相反，從句中應(yīng)用_________________時態(tài)。
二Somedifficultsentences
1.Indeed,hissunburntfaceandarmandhisslim,strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.的確，他那被太陽曬得黝黑的臉龐和手背，以及他那瘦削而又結(jié)實的身體，就跟其他成千上萬的中國的農(nóng)民一樣，過去50年來，他一直在努力幫助他們。
Forwhom…為______+引導(dǎo)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)的定語從句，注意，struggle后面的for的干擾，forthepastfivedecades是“過去50年來”Translate:
Themanwithwhomyoutalkedisourmanager._______________________________________
Theylivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.
___________________________________________________.
2.Dr.YuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsupperhybridrice.
袁隆平博士培植出了超級雜交水稻。Whatiscalledsuperhybridrice是由what引導(dǎo)的______從句，在整個句子中充當(dāng)______的_____語，。此外，此結(jié)構(gòu)還可以作_____或_____.
如：請相信我的話。___________________________
他所說的話全是真實的。_______________________________.
3.In1974,hebecamethefirstagriculturepioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.1974年他成為世界上第一位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先鋒。
本句理解的難點是動詞不定時togrowricethathasahighoutput作_________,修飾先行詞________,注意：前面的序數(shù)詞first一起了一定的作用，因為先行詞前有__________,后面一般用動詞不定時作定語。類似的還有thesecond,thelast,theonly等。翻譯：
昨天晚上，約翰最后一個離開教室。______________________________________________.
4.Thespecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone–thiremoreofthecropinthesamefields.這些特殊的水稻使得同樣的田地多收獲三分之一的產(chǎn)量。
Makeit…todosth意思是____________________.it在句中作_________,真正的賓語是_________________________________.翻譯：
好天氣使我們下周的旅行成為可能。_____________________________________________.
Answers:1.介詞你剛才給他說話的那個人是我們的經(jīng)理。他們住在一個大房子里，房子前面有一顆大樹。名詞grow的賓語主語表語PleasebelievewhatIsaid.Whathesaidistrue.3.定語pioneer序數(shù)詞Johnwasthelastonetoleavetheclassroomyesterday.4.使……成為賓語toproduceone–thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.Goodweathermakesitpossibletomakeourtripnextweek.
高考鏈接
1.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_____foranotherhour.(2002,上海)
A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting
2.Victorapologizedfor______toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.(2004,上海)
A.hisbeingableB.himnottobeable
C.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotable
3.Themaninsisted____ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.
A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding(2004江蘇)
4.AccordingtoarecentUSsursey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek____TV.
A.towatchB.towatchingC.watchingD.watch(2004上海)
5.Hegowell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____thegoodopportunity.
A.toloseB.losingC,tobelostD.beinglost(2005上海)
6.Progresssofarhasbeenverygood.___,wearesurethattheprojectwillbecompletedontime.
A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Besides(2006浙江)
7.Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewas_____thatoftheirs.(2008陜西)
A.astwicelargeasB.twiceaslargeas
C.twiceasmuchasD.astwicemuchas
8.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom____theirparentsspeakathome.(2008浙江)
A.whatB.thatCwhichDone
9.-Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?
________,I’llvisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.(2008安微)
A.IfeverB.IfbusyC.IfanythingD.Ifpossible
10.Thechairmanthought_____necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.
A.thatB.itC.thisD.him
AnswersBCCCBCBBDB
PERIOD3
OrganicFarming
Teachingaims
Toimprovethestudents’readingability---tofindtheexplanationforthewordsorexpressionstheydonotknowinthereadingpassage.
Teachingaids
Multi-media
Teachingprocedures
Step1:Leadin
Whatisthesubstanceweputonthesoiltomakecropsgrow?
Itisfertilizer.
Howmanykindsoffertilizersdofarmersuse?
Therearetwokinds.Theyarechemicalfertilizersandnaturalones.
Whichkinddofarmersusewhentheyaredoingorganicfarming?
Doyouknowaboutorganicfarming?Todaywe’regoingtoreadapassagewiththetitleOrganicFarming.
Step2:Scanning
Readthefirstparagraphandfindout
1whatorganicfarmingis.
Organicfarmingmeansgrowingcropswithoutchemicalfertilizers.
Step3:Intensivereading
1HowcanOrganicfarmersmaketheirsoilfertile?
Organicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsinsteadofchemicalfertilizers.
2Butwhydon’ttheyusechemicalfertilizers?
Becauseusingchemicalfertilizerscausesproblems.
Readthesecondparagraphandanswer-----
3Howmanyproblemsarecausedbyusingchemicalfertilizers?
Three.Theyareasfollows.
Firstly,chemicalfertilizersaffectthesoilandthewatersupplybadly.
Secondly,theyallowfarmerstogrowthesamecropyearafteryearandexhausttheoil.
Thirdly,theykillbothhelpfulandharmfulpests.
Readthewholepassageagainandfillinthetable.
Advantagesoforganicfarming
Reasons
1.Farmersusenaturalwastefromanimals.Thismakesthesoilricherinmineralsandsomorefertile.
2.Thesoilisnotexhausted.Peasandsoybeansrenewthemineralsinthesoil.Thesoilbecomesrichandhealthy.
3.Theyusethesoiltobestadvantage.
Theyplantcropsthatneedsurfacesoilandnextcropsthatgrowatadeeperlevel.Sothewindandwaterdoesnotcarryawaythesoil.Alltherichnessofthesoilisused.
Step4:Discussion
Findoutwhattypeofwritingthepassageis.Discusshowtoreadandwritethiskindofpassage.
Step5:Homework
Readthetextandtranslatethefollowingphrases:
aswellas____________foralongtime________________
buildup______________leadto_______________
turnto_________________focuson______________
keep（prevent）…from_______________
Answers:
也好長時間逐漸增強；建立；開發(fā)導(dǎo)致；造成求助于集中（注意力，精力等）于阻止
PERIOD4don’treadinthemovingbusorinbed.”Doingeye-exerciseswillhelpyoukeepgoodeyesight.
Ifyoufailtokeeptheserules,youwillbecome
short-sightedsoonerorlater.
Unit 2 Working the land教案
Unit2Workingtheland
核心單詞
1.struggle
v.掙扎；努力；拼搏；斗爭
n.(為爭取自由、政治權(quán)利等而進行的)斗爭，奮斗
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
strugglewith與……斗爭
strugglefor為爭取……而斗爭
struggleagainst與……斗爭；為反對……而斗爭
struggletodosth.(=makegreateffortstodosth.)
努力做某事
struggletoone’sfeet掙扎著站起來
Shestruggledtokeepbackthetears.她努力忍住淚水。
Itwasahardstruggletogetmyworkdoneontime.
為使工作按時完成,我做了一番努力。
易混辨析
struggle/fight
struggle指較長時間的、激烈的斗爭，往往指肉體及精神上的戰(zhàn)斗。
fight意為“搏斗，打斗，打架”，表示“斗爭”時，包含體力和勇猛的因素。
高手過招
(1)單項填空
Theworkingpeoplehaveneverstoppedtheirstruggleunfairtreatment.（2010?01?山西太原五中檢測）
A.againstB.forC.fromD.to
(2)完成句子（原創(chuàng)）
①我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助那些仍在為獨立而斗爭的人們。
Weshouldhelpthosewhoarestill.
②他們得和各種各樣的困難作斗爭。
Theyhadto.
(1)解析：選A。struggleagainst意為“同……作斗爭”；strugglefor意為“為了……而斗爭”。
(2)①strugglingforindependence
②strugglewith/againstallkindsofdifficulties
2.expand
v.擴大；擴展；增加；增長；（使）膨脹；闡述；使變大
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
expand...into...將……擴展/發(fā)展成……
expandon闡述；詳談
Heisthinkingofexpandinghisbusiness.
他在正考慮擴大他的生意。
Intenyearsthecity’spopulationexpandedby12%.
十年之中,該市人口增加了百分之十二。
聯(lián)想拓展
expansionn.展開；膨脹；擴展
expansiveadj.廣闊的；易膨脹的
易混辨析
expand/extend/spread/stretch
expand意為“展開，擴大”，不僅指尺寸的增加，還可指范圍和體積的擴大。
extend意為“伸出，延伸”，指空間范圍的擴大，以及長度，寬度的向外延伸，也可指時間的延長。
spread意為“傳播；蔓延；鋪開”。一般指向四面八方擴大傳播的范圍，如傳播（疾?。?，散布（信息）等。
stretch意為“伸展(身體等)，拉長；連綿”，一般指由曲變直，由短變長的伸展，不是加長。
高手過招
選詞填空（expend/extend/spread/stretch）（原創(chuàng)）
①Thefiresoontothenearbyhouses.
②ThetouristseasonfromMaytillOctober.
③Aballoonwhenitisblownup.
④Thecatoutinfrontofthefire.
答案:①spread②extends③expands④stretched
3.equip
vt.equipmentB.equipped;equipments
C.equipping;equipmentsD.equipping;equipment
(2)完成句子（原創(chuàng)）
①Thesoldierswerewell(裝備)weapons.
②Thislibrary(為……而裝備)atomicresearch.
③Ourclassroom(裝備有)acomputerandataperecorder.
(1)解析：選A。equip...with...意為“用……裝備……”，被動形式為beequippedwith。第二空equipment意為“裝備；設(shè)備”，是不可數(shù)名詞。
(2)①equippedwith②isequippedfor
③isequippedwith
4.regret
vt.因為
Thankstoyourhelp,weweresuccessful.
由于你的幫助，我們成功了。
Thankstoyou,Iwassavedfromdrowning.
多虧你，我才沒被淹死。
Thankstothebadweather,thematchhadbeencancelled.
多虧了這倒霉的天氣，比賽被取消了。（反語）
聯(lián)想拓展
表示“因為，由于”的短語還有：
becauseof，owingto，onaccountof，dueto，asaresultof。
溫馨提示
以上這些都是介詞短語，因此后面可以跟名詞或動名詞而不可以跟從句。
高手過招
單項填空
①Itwasyourtimelyhelpthatweaccomplishedthetaskontime.（2010?01?山西運城檢測）
A.BecauseB.thankC.thankstoD.as
②thenewpolicy,wearenowhavingahappylife.（2010?01?安徽亳州檢測）
A.ThankstoB.Because
C.ForD.Thanksfor
①解析：選C。because和as雖然也表示“因為，由于”，但后面需接句子，而句中是短語，故應(yīng)用thanksto。句意為：幸虧你及時幫忙，我們才按時完成了任務(wù)。
②解析：選A?？疾榻x詞辨析。thanksto意為“多虧了”；because后應(yīng)加句子;for表示補充說明的原因。
8.rid...of
擺脫；除去
Youshouldridyourselfofthatbadhabit.
你應(yīng)該改掉那個壞習(xí)慣。
聯(lián)想拓展
beridof擺脫
getridof擺脫；除掉；去掉
ridoneselfofdebt還清債務(wù)
breakawayfrom擺脫；放棄
Youmustbreakawayfromsuchabadhabit.
你必須改掉這樣的壞習(xí)慣。
Itwon’tbelongbeforewecanbe/getridofthepestaltogether.
不用太久，我們就能把這種害蟲消除干凈。
高手過招
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換（原創(chuàng)）
Couldyouridyourselfofthebadhabitofsmoking?
Couldyouthebadhabitofsmoking?
答案:getridof
9.wouldrather
寧愿，寧可
I’dratheryoudidn’t.(常用來委婉拒絕別人)
我希望你不要。
HewouldratherstayathomewatchingTV.
他寧愿待在家里看電視。
I’drathernotgothere.我寧愿不去那里。
I’dratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.
我寧愿你明天來而不是今天來。
I’dratherhavemadeatelephonecalltohimyesterday.
我昨天本想給他打個電話的。
聯(lián)想拓展
wouldrather...than...是常用句式，意為“寧可（愿）……（而）不要（愿）……”
wouldrather＋從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣，用動詞的過去時表示。
wouldratherhavedone本想做……（而實際上未做）
高手過招
單項填空
①—Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?
—Whichdoyourself?（2010?01?江西南昌檢測）
A.doyouratherB.wouldyourather
C.willyouratherD.shouldyourather
②I’dratherthebasketballmatchlastnight.Otherwise,Iwouldhavefinishedmypaperworkbynow.
（2010?01?江蘇徐州檢測）
A.nothavewatchedB.notwatch
C.hadn’twatchD.haven’twatch
①解析：選B。考查wouldratherdosth.這一結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。而do,will和should都不能與rather搭配。wouldrather(not)dosth.意為“寧愿（不愿意）做某事”。
②解析：選A。wouldrathernothavedone意為“本不想做……（實際卻做了）”。后一句句意為：否則我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了我的文件。所以前句表示“本不想看球賽卻看了”，故選A。
10.leadto
通向；導(dǎo)致；造成（后果）
注意：leadto中的to為介詞，該短語后可跟名詞或動名詞。
Thecaraccidentledtohisbeingkilled.
那次車禍導(dǎo)致他死亡。
AllroadsleadtoRome.
條條大路通羅馬。
Eatingtoomuchsugarcanleadtohealthproblems.
吃太多糖會導(dǎo)致健康問題。
Hiscarelessnessledtohisfailure.
他的粗心導(dǎo)致了他的失敗。
聯(lián)想拓展
resultin導(dǎo)致
resultfrom由……導(dǎo)致
高手過招
單項填空
Thestudentsintheuniversityarealltakingcoursesadegree.（2010?01?山東煙臺檢測）
A.stickingtoB.leadingto
C.turningtoD.referringto
解析:選B。考查動詞短語辨析。stickto堅持;leadto導(dǎo)致，引起；通往；turnto求助，轉(zhuǎn)向，查閱；referto指的是；談?wù)?，查閱。由句意“大學(xué)生都在學(xué)習(xí)課程，以取得學(xué)位”可知，答案為B。
11.buildup
逐步建立；逐漸增強；加強；樹立；積累
Thecompanyhasbuiltupafinereputation.
該公司已建立起良好的信譽。
Youmustbuildupyourstrengthafteryourillness.
你在病后必須要增強體力。
高手過招
完成句子（原創(chuàng)）
①我們應(yīng)該鼓勵孩子們樹立信心。
Weshouldencouragethechildrento.
②看到你的詞匯量在逐漸增長我很高興。
I’mverygladtoseethatyourvocabularyis.
答案:①builduptheirconfidence
②graduallybuildingup
12.focuson
集中（注意力、精力等）于……；對(某事或做某事)予以注意；使聚焦于；使直射于
Hefocusedhismindonhislessons.他把心思集中在功課上。
Todaywe’regoingtofocusonthequestionofhomelesspeople.今天,我們主要討論無家可歸者的問題。
Anearˉsightedpersoncannotfocusaccuratelyondistantobjects.近視的人看不清遠(yuǎn)處的物體。
聯(lián)想拓展
focusone’sattentiononsth.=center/concentrate/fixone’sattentiononsth.集中注意力于……
高手過招
完成句子（原創(chuàng)）
①在我看來，學(xué)校應(yīng)該把精力集中在教學(xué)上。
Inmyopinion,schoolsshould.
②他把相機對準(zhǔn)了遠(yuǎn)處的高樓。
Hehiscamerathehugebuildinginthedistance.
答案:①focusattentiononteaching
②focused；on
重點句型
13.In1974,hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.
1974年，他成為世界上第一位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先鋒。
不定式放在表示次序的詞thefirst,thelast,thebest以及theonly,thevery,theright等詞后面,且這些詞與動詞不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，結(jié)構(gòu)為：thefirst/last/best/only/very/right...+n.+todosth.表示“第一個/最后一個/最好的一個/唯一的/恰好的/合適的……做某事的人/物”。
Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.
他總是第一個來并且最后一個離開。
Thelastmantoleavethesinkingshipwasthecaptain.
最后一個離開正在下沉的船的那個人是船長。
高手過招
單項填空
HeisthelastpersontoMary’sbirthdayparty.（原創(chuàng)）
A.toinviteB.tobeinvited
C.invitedD.beinginvited
解析：選B?？疾椴欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ的用法。當(dāng)名詞前面有序數(shù)詞或last,next等詞修飾時，名詞后面多用不定式作定語。如NewZealandwasthefirstnationinmoderntimestoallowwomentovote.新西蘭成為現(xiàn)代史上第一個允許婦女有選舉權(quán)的國家。
14.Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.
用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民們種出的糧食比以前多了一倍。
倍數(shù)表達法：
A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj.＋as＋B
A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋比較級＋than＋B
A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋（由某些形容詞變化而來的）n.＋of＋B
I’mnotgoingoutwithamanwho’stwiceasoldasme.
我不愿意和一個年紀(jì)比我大一倍的男人一起參加社交活動。
Wegotthreetimesasmanypeopleasexpected.
來的人超過我們預(yù)料人數(shù)的兩倍。
You’renothalfascleverasyouthinkyouare.
你可不像自己想像的一半那么聰明。
高手過招
單項填空
Whatatable!I’veneverseensuchathingbefore.Itisitislong.（原創(chuàng)）
A.halfnotaswideasB.widenotashalfas
C.nothalfaswideasD.aswideasnothalf
解析：選C。考查倍數(shù)表達法。表達倍數(shù)的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是：A+be+倍數(shù)+as+adj.+as+B。as...as中間是形容詞或副詞的原級，而不可以是比較級或最高級。
15.Thisalsokeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.
這還可以讓空氣、土壤、水以及農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。
keep...freefrom無……的；免于……；擺脫……（常用作表語、后置定語或補語）
聯(lián)想拓展
befreetodosth.自由地做，隨意地做
setsb.free釋放某人
get/givesth.forfree免費得到/贈送
asmokeˉfreeroom/area無煙室/區(qū)
freeofcharge免費
高手過招
完成句子
用這個東西把桌子罩住，免得有灰塵落在上面。
thetabledirtybyputtingacoveroverit.
答案:Keep;freefrom
Unit 2 Working the land Period 2 Learning about Language教案
Period2LearningaboutLanguage
TheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriodThisperiodisabouttheusefulwords,expressionsandstructureslearnedinthereadingpart,fromtheexercisesinthisperiod,thestudentscanconsolidatewhattheylearntinthereadingpart,andlearnthegrammaraboutthe-ingformasanoun.?TeachingImportantPoints?Learnhowtousethe-ingformasanoun.?TeachingDifficultPoints?Learntousethe-ingformasasubjectaswellasanobject.?TeachingMethods?Asking-and-answeringactivitytocheckthestudents’answersoftheexercises;individual,pairorgroupworktofinisheachtask.?TeachingAids?Amulti-mediacomputer?Ablackboard?
ThreeDimensionalTeachingAimsKnowledgeandSkills?Learnsomekeywords:?trial,consider,prove,tellthetruth,pretend,thinkhighlyof,besides?Learnsomeimportantdrills:?IthinkhighlyofthosewhoaresearchingfortheAmberRoom.?Besides,myfatheroncetoldmethatanypersonwhofindssomethingcouldkeepit.?ImustsaythatIagreewithyou.?ImustsaythatIdon’tagreewithyou.?Helpthestudentslearnhowtousethe-ingformasanoun.?Enablethestudentstolearnhowtomakejudgmentsandgivetheiropinions.?ProcessandStrategies?Theteachermayleadthestudentstosumupsomegrammaticalitemsthemselves.?Givesomenecessaryexplanation.?FeelingsandValue?Throughthestudyingofthispartthestudentswillknowmoreaboutthe-ingformasanoun.Besides,theirabilityoftransferencewillbestrengthened.?TeachingProcedures?Step1Revision?1.Greetings.?2.AskthestudentstousethefirstpersontoretellthepassageaboutDrYuan,andaskthemtotrytousetheproperconjunctions.?Step2Usefulwordsandexpressions?T:Fromthereadingpart,wecanfindsomeusefulwordsandexpressions.Sonowpleasefindthewordsandexpressionsthatmeansthesamefromthetext.(Ex.1onPage11)?Aftertwominutes,theteacherbeginstochecktheanswersandgivetherightanswers:?Suggestedanswers:?1.sunburnt2.hunger3.rid...of4.expand5.circulate6.leada...life7.wouldrather8.thanksto9.struggle10.export?T:NowLet’scometoEx.2.Pleasecompletethepassagewithwordsandexpressionsfromtheprevioussections,thenI’llaskyoutogivemetheanswerssentencebysentence.?Afterseveralminutes,theteacheraskthestudentstogivetheiranswers.?Suggestedanswers:?1.prove2.wouldrather3.livea4.life5.rid6.of7.output8.increased9.sunburnt?T:HowaboutEx.3,haveyoufoundtheanswers?I’dliketoasksomeofyoutoreadthesentencesandthengivemetheanswers.?Suggestedanswers:?1.super2.satisfied3.strain4.exported5.suitableStep3Discoveringusefulstructures?T:Let’scometodiscoveringusefulstructures,atfirstlet’sfinishtheexercisesinthispart.Doyouknowwhatdoes“evenapoorpersoncanhaveawish”mean??S:Itmeans“Wishingforthingscostsnothing.”?T:Verygood!NowpleaserewritethesentencesinEx.2onPage12.?Afterfiveminutes,theteachercheckstheanswers.(Ssanswerthequestionsonebyone.)?Suggestedanswers:?1.Helpingpeopleinneedofhelpisnice.?2.Growinghybridriceisn’teasy.?3.Learningmoreaboutfarmingisn’tdifficult.?4.Doingresearchinthecountrysideisn’teasy.?5.GettingridofhungerisveryimportantinsomeAfricancountries.?6.Explainingthisagainisimportantorwewillgetconfused.?T:Doyouthinkit’sveryeasytolearnaboutthe-ingformasthesubject?Buthowaboutthe-ingformastheobject?NowI’dliketochecktheanswersofEx.3onPage12.?(Ssgivetheanswersonebyone.)?Suggestedanswers:?1.DrYuanlikestalkingtoricegrowersabouthiswork.?2.Hecontinueddoingresearchuntilabetterstrainofricewasfound.?3.Manycitykidslookforwardtovisitingthecountryside.?4.Notallstudentsenjoyworkinginthefields.?5.Theystartedproducinghybridricein1974.?6.Iremembermeetingthescientistwhilehewasin!--?xml:namespaceprefix=st1ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"/--Beijinglasttime.?Step4Grammar?T:Today,wearegoingtolearnthev.-ingasanoun.Soatfirstwhocantellmewhatanouncanbeusedasinasentence?Andpleasegivemesomeexamples.?S:Itcanbeusedassubject.Forexample:Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.?T:NowIthinkyouhaveknownhowtousethev.-ingassubject.Buthowaboutothers??S:Itcanalsobeusedasobject.Forexample:Ihaveforgottenseeingthisfilm.?T:Youareright.Thev.-ingformcanbeusedasobject,too.Nowlet’scometoknowmoreaboutit.T:Verygood.(Theteachermaygiveasystematicalexplanationofthegrammar.)?Step5Homework?1.FinishtherelatedexercisesonWorkbook.?2.Prepareforthenextclass.?3.Finishtheexercisesaboutthe-ingformasthesubjectandobject.?
TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboard
Unit2Workingtheland
Period2Learningaboutlanguage1.chemicaladj.化學(xué)的;關(guān)于化學(xué)的?chemistryn.化學(xué)?2.Phrasesthatcanbeusedwiththe-ingform:?begoodat;care(little)about;dreamof;devote...to;seetheneedfor;beafraidof;beconcernedabout;beinterestedin?
RecordafterTeaching
ActivitiesandResearchWhenleadinginthegrammarpart,youmaygivethestudentssomeexamplesaboutthe-ingformasanounandencouragethestudentstosumupthegrammaticalrules.Thentheteachermayaskthestudentstomakeupasmanysentencesaspossibletoconsolidateit.?
ReferenceforTeachingGrammar?
動名詞一、概述?和不定式一樣,動名詞也是非謂語動詞的一種,它通常由動詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成。動名詞有主動和被動兩種語態(tài),有一般式,完成式和進行式三種形式。如下表所示:
!--?xml:namespaceprefix=vns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"/--
態(tài)
時
態(tài)
語
主動
被動
一般式
doing
beingdone
完成式
havingdone
havingbeendone
完成進行式
havingbeendoing
無
動名詞仍保留有動詞的特征,可以和自己的邏輯主語、賓語和狀語等構(gòu)成動名詞短語。動名詞具有名詞的功能,在句中可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。?二、動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)形式?1.動名詞的時態(tài)形式?①一般式?動名詞的一般式表示動作或狀態(tài)與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生,或者表示一種無時間性限制的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)。?HeenjoyswritinglettersinEnglish.?他喜歡用英語寫信。?Manyyoungpeoplelikeplayingfootball.?許多年輕人喜歡踢足球。?②完成式?動名詞的完成式表示動作或狀態(tài)先于謂語動詞的動作或狀態(tài),如:?Theyregrethavingbeenunabletohelpyou.?他們?yōu)闆]能幫上你的忙而遺憾。?Afterhavingwrittentheletter,hewenttopostit.?他寫完信,就去寄它了。?Sheregrettedhavingmissedthefilm.?她后悔沒有看到那部電影。?③完成進行式?動名詞的完成進行時表示動作發(fā)生于謂語動作之前,并一直持續(xù)到謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生之時,或繼續(xù)。如:?Forgivemeformyhavingbeeninterruptingyousomuch.?原諒我打擾你這么久。2.動名詞的被動式?當(dāng)動名詞的邏輯主語是動名詞動作的承受者時,用被動式。如:?Heclimbedthroughthewindowwithoutbeingseen.?他從窗口爬進去,沒有被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。?Sheneedstoworkwithoutbeingdisturbed(=withoutpeopledisturbher).?她要在無人干擾的情況下才能工作。?動名詞的被動語態(tài)分成一般式和完成式兩種。如:?Therailwayisintheprocessofbeingconstructed.?鐵路在興建中。?AfterhavingkeptaprisonerintheBastilleformanyyears,DrManettehadrecentlybeensetfree.?曼奈特醫(yī)生被關(guān)在巴士底監(jiān)獄許多年后,最近獲釋。?特別提示:-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義?在want,need,deserve,require等動詞后,總是用-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義,相當(dāng)于“tobe+過去分詞”。如:?Mywatchneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).?我的手表需要修理。?Thehousewantscleaning.這房屋需要打掃。?在worth這個形容詞后情形也是這樣。如:?Thefilmisworthseeing.這部影片值得一看。?Theplaceisworthvisiting.那個地方值得一游。?三、動名詞的否定式?動名詞的否定式通常是在動名詞前加否定詞not。例如:?Iapologizeformynothavingkeptpromise.?我沒能遵守諾言,十分抱歉。?Iregretnotbeingabletohelpyou.?我很抱歉不能幫助你。?1.作主語?動名詞作主語時,句子有兩種形式:?(1)動名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。?Playingtricksonothersissomethingweshouldneverdo.?捉弄別人是我們?nèi)f萬不能干的。?Learningnewwordsisveryimportantforme.?學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對我來說非常重要。?Talkingiseasierthandoing。說比做容易。?(2)用形式主語it,把真正的主語——動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制,作表語的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞,如useful,useless,good,fun，nouse,worth等。例如:?ItisuselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.?和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。?It’sworthmakingtheeffort.?這事值得去做。?Isitanygoodtryingtoexplain??想再解釋一次有好處嗎??Itispleasantworkingwithyou.?跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。?(3)在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于“Itisimpossibletodo...”。例如:?Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit.?若要人不知,除非己莫為。?Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter。?這種事開不得玩笑。?Therewasnoknowingwhenhewouldleave.?無法知道他什么時候離開。?注意:動名詞與不定式作主語時的比較:?動名詞表示的動作通常是一個泛指的動作,不定式則通常表示具體的動作。例如:?Asachild,shefeltthatvisitingsickpeoplewasadutyandapleasure.?還是個孩子的時候,她就覺得探視病人是一種責(zé)任,也是一種愉悅。?BeingaguestinanAmericanhomewillbeagoodexperienceforme.?到美國人家里做客對我來說將是一個極好的經(jīng)歷。?Doingnothingisdoingill.?什么也不做就是作惡。?Hesaid,“Togoonlikethisisnouse.”?他說:“繼續(xù)這樣下去是無用的?！?It’sanhonourformetobeinvitedtotheparty.?我很榮幸被邀請參加這個晚會。?歸納:常用-ing形式作主語的句型有:?It+be+awasteoftimedoing做……是浪費時間的?Itis/wasnogood/usedoing做……是沒用處的?Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing做……不值得?Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做……是值得的?Thereisnodoing無法……,不允許……?Thereisnosenseindoing做……沒有道理?Thereis/wasnousedoing干……無意義?Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing沒有比……更糟的?Thereis/wasnopointdoing干……無意義?Therewasnoknowingwherewewouldgo.?我們不知道要去哪兒。?Thereisnopointdoingsuchasillything.?做這件傻事毫無意義。?注意:Thereisnoneedtodosth.干……沒必要,在此句式中todo不可換為doing。?Thereisnoneedtotellher.沒有必要告訴她。?提示:當(dāng)動名詞用作主語時,其邏輯主語由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成。?Mysister’sbeingillmadeweworried.?我姐姐病了,使我很擔(dān)心。?Yourbeingrightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong.?你正確未必就意味著我錯了。2.作動詞的賓語?動名詞作賓語有兩種情況。一是有些動詞只能后接動名詞作賓語;二是有些動詞既可后接動名詞也可后接不定式作賓語。?（1）只能后接動名詞作賓語的動詞,常見的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannothelp,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannotstand等。如:?Ican’tavoidgoing.我不能不去。?Haveyouconsideredlookingforonespecialfriend??你是否考慮過找一位摯友??Wemusttrytoavoidrepeatingthesamemistake.?我們必須設(shè)法避免犯同樣的錯誤。?Doyoufeellikehavingawalkwithmeaftersupper??晚飯后你想和我一起散步嗎??Peoplecouldn’thelplaughingfoolishman.?人們?nèi)滩蛔〕靶δ莻€愚蠢的人。?這類動詞還有:excuse,fancy,giveup,putoff,risk等。?（2）既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞,常見的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget,remember,hate等。?A.在like,love,hate,prefer等動詞之后,用-ing或不定式意義上沒有什么不同,只是側(cè)重點有些不同,動名詞表示泛指的動作,不定式表示具體的一次性動作。例如:?Iconsideredgoing,butIhavethiscompositiontowrite.?我考慮要去,可是我要寫這篇作文。?Ienjoylearningaboutnewthingsfrompoliticstosportsandmusic.?我喜歡從政治、體育及音樂等方面學(xué)習(xí)新的事情。?Webelievethatmanymorepeoplewillprefertotravelbyair.?我們相信將會有更多的人喜歡乘坐飛機旅行。?在wouldlike／love／prefer之后,只能用不定式。例如:?I’dprefertodothattomorrow.這事我想明天再做。?I’dliketodosomeshopping,butnotduringtheday.?我倒是想去購物,但又不想白天去。?I’dlikeyoutomeetDrZhang.?我想讓你見一見張醫(yī)生。?Oh,Iwouldlovetobeacontestant.?噢,我倒是想做個參賽者。?B.在begin/start,continue之后,用動名詞和不定式,意義無甚區(qū)別,尤其是當(dāng)主語是人的時候。例如:?Jazzstarteddevelopinginthe1920sintheSouthernStates.?20年代爵士音樂在美國南部各州開始發(fā)展。?Theshipstartedtoleakandbegintofillwithwater.?船體開始出現(xiàn)漏洞,并開始進水。?Hankstartedtowalkthroughthecarriagestogetbacktohisseat.?漢克開始走回他自己坐的車廂。?Journalistshavetostopworkingononestoryandstartworkingimmediatelyontheimportantnewone.?新聞記者不得不停下手中所寫的,立刻開始寫最新的重要新聞。?當(dāng)begin/start與see,think,feel,understand等動詞連用時,用不定式。例如:?Theybegantounderstandhowimportanttheforestis.?他們開始明白森林有多么重要。?begin/start用進行式時,只能后接不定式。例如:?Iwasbeginningtowonderifitwaseasyenoughtogoontheclimbing.?我開始想繼續(xù)往上爬會不會越來越難。?I’mstartingtoputonweightagain.?我又開始長胖了。?C.在動詞forget,remember,regret之后,用動名詞與不定式意義不同。動名詞表示動作先于謂語發(fā)生,不定式表示后于謂語動作,例如:?Irememberpostingtheletter.?我記得我已把信寄了。?I’llremembertoposttheletter.?我會記著去寄信的。?Ishallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriter.?我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記見到過那位著名作家。?Don’tforgettowritetoyourmother.?不要忘了給你母親寫信。?Iregretmissingthereport.?我真后悔沒趕上那次報告會。?IregrettosayIcan’ttakeyouradvice.?我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。?D.在try,mean之后,意義各不相同,如trytodo(設(shè)法),trydoing(試試),meantodo(打算,有意要做),meandoing(意思是,意味著)。例如:?Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.?我們必須設(shè)法及時把一切搞好。?Let’strydoingtheworkinginsomeotherway.?我們用別的方法做這工作試試。?Ididn’tmeantomakeyouangry.?我并不想叫你生氣。?Yourplanwouldmeanspendinghours.?你的計劃意味著要花費幾個小時。?E.goondoing和goontodo?goondoing繼續(xù)做一直在做的事;goontodo接著做另一件事。例如:?Pleasegoondoingthesameexercise.請接著做這同一個練習(xí)。?Pleasegoontodotheotherexercise.請做另外一個練習(xí)。?F.stopdoing與stoptodo?stopdoing停止做,stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如:?Westoppedtalking.我們停止了交談。?Westoppedtotalk.我們停了下來去談話。3.作介詞的賓語?動名詞可與介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。?A.介詞+動名詞,如:?We’vegottothinkofwaysofchangingpeople’shabits.?我們得想些辦法改變?nèi)藗兊牧?xí)慣。?Iapologizeforbeingsoangrywithyou.?我向你道歉,剛才對你那樣生氣。?Afterbeingawayforseveralyears,itisastrangeexperiencetoreturntotheplaceyouwerebornandbroughtup.?離開幾年之后再回到你生長的地方,感覺有點怪。?B.動詞+介詞+動名詞,例如:?Iinsistontakingproperfoodforthisexpedition.?我堅持為這次出行帶足需要的食物。?Insteadofsmiling,eachofthemmadeaface.?同學(xué)們臉上沒有笑容,相反都做了怪臉。?Shewasveryinterestedinworkingforourcompany.?她對為我們公司工作很感興趣。?下列短語中的to都是介詞,所以后面跟名詞或-ing形式:devoteto,objectto,payattentionto,getdownto,leadto,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto等。?Unit2 Working the land Period 1 Warming up and pre-reading教案
Unit2Workingtheland
Period1Warmingupandpre-reading.
Step1Lead-in.
PoemByLiShen
Farmersweedingatnoon,Sweatdownthefieldsoon.
Whoknowsfoodonatray,Duetotheirtoilingday.
ThenletonestudentrecitethepoeminChinese.
Step2Warmingupbyquestioning
Hello,everyone.Weshallreadaboutmanwhoworksthelandtoday.Haveyouevergrownanyplants?Ifnot,whatkindofplantwouldyouliketogrow?Howwillyougrowit?
(Forreference:Mr.Li,Iworkedwithmyfatherinthericefieldlastyear.Wegrowhybridriceanduseanimalwastestomakethesoilrich.)
Hasanyoneofyoueverbeentothecountryside?Whatdidyoudothere?
(Forreference:IwenttoChuankouthedaybeforeyesterday.Itisasmallmountainvillage75linorthofBeijing.Iwenttheretovisitmyuncle’sfamily.Ilikethatsmallbeautifulvillageverymuch.)
Whoarefromafarmer’sfamily?Whatdoyouknowaboutfarming?
Step3Pre-readingandtalking
Questioningandanswering
RiceismainfoodinSouthChina.Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappeniftomorrowtherewassuddenlynoricetoeat?
(Forreference:Thenthesouthpeoplewouldhavetochangetheireatinghabit.Theycouldturntopotatoes,wheatflour,cowandsheepcheese,cabbage,onionsandgarlicforfood.TheyarethebasesofthetraditionalfoodinNorthChina.)
Ifyouhadthechancetodoonethingtohelpendhungerintheworld,whatwouldyoudo?
(Forreference:Iwouldtrytoendhungerbypopularizingtheadvancedfarmingtechniques.Moderntechniquescouldbeintroducedtoincreasethericeoutput,andexpandtheareaoffields.)
GivingbackgroundinformationaboutProfessorYuanLongping
HaveyoueverheardofamancalledProfessorYuanLongping?Wouldanyoneofyoutelltheclasssomethingabouthim?
(Forreference:ProfessorYuanLongpingisaChineseagriculturalscientist.ProfessorYuansbreakthroughscientificachievementledtotheworldsfirstsuccessfulandwidelygrownhybridricevarieties,revolutionizingricecultivationinChinaandtriplingproductionoverageneration.HisapproachtoricebreedingthenspreadinternationallythroughoutAsiaandtoAfricaandtheAmericas,providingfoodfortensofmillionsandleadingtohisbecomingknownasthe"FatherofHybridRice."
Step4.Reading
Readingaloudtotherecording
Comprehension—understandingwhatyouarereading—isimportant.Toreadinthoughtgroupsisaneasy,yeteffective,wayofimprovingreadingcomprehension.Nowturntopage9andreadaloudtotherecordingofthetextAPIONEERFORALLPEOPLE.Payattentiontothethoughtgroupsinthesentenceswhilelisteningandreadingaloud.
Abriefintroduction:
YuanLongpingisknownasChina’s“fatherofhybridrice”.It’ssaidthatinChina,weeatdependingon“TwoPing”----DengXiaoping,whomadethepolicyofSystemofProductionResponsibility,&YuanLongping,whoinventedhybridrice.
YuanLongping,whowasborninSeptember,1930,graduatedfromAgricultureDepartmentinSouthwestAgriculturalInstitute.Hehasbeenworkingonagricultureeducation&theresearchintohybridricesincehelefttheinstitute.
Inthe1960s,whenChinawassufferingfromseriousfamine,hecameupwiththeideaofhybridrice,whichhasahighyield(oroutput).Tenyearslater,hesucceededininventinganewspeciesthatproduceda20percenthigheryieldthancommontypesofrice.
Yuandevotedhimselftotheresearchintoagriculture,&washonoredbyUNESCO&FAO(聯(lián)合國教科文組織）.Althoughheis74yearsold,heisstillworkingontheresearchintoagriculture.
