小學(xué)三年英語教案
發(fā)表時間:2021-12-05高三英語教案:《特殊句式復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計。
俗話說,居安思危,思則有備,有備無患。高中教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案,這是高中教師的任務(wù)之一。教案可以讓學(xué)生更好的消化課堂內(nèi)容,幫助高中教師能夠更輕松的上課教學(xué)。你知道如何去寫好一份優(yōu)秀的高中教案呢?下面的內(nèi)容是小編為大家整理的高三英語教案:《特殊句式復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計,希望能為您提供更多的參考。
本文題目:高三英語復(fù)習(xí)教案:特殊句式復(fù)習(xí)
【備考策略】
1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:
句型結(jié)構(gòu)形式:It is/was…that/who…
be的時態(tài):that/who前面be的時態(tài)一般是一般現(xiàn)在時,當(dāng)它后面的句子為過去時時,才用過去時。
判斷方法:將(It is/was)...(that/who)…括號中的詞同時去掉,看剩下的部分是否仍然成立。若成立,則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型;若不成立,則為狀語從句、定語從句或主語從句。
2.反意疑問句:
形式:句子+簡短的疑問
(1)前面若有多個句子并列,則以最后一個句子為準(zhǔn);若前面部分為主從復(fù)合句,一般說來,以主句為準(zhǔn);但若賓語主從復(fù)合句的主句謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,feel,imagine,consider,guess等,主語又是第一人稱且為一般現(xiàn)在時、謂語又沒有任何副詞修飾時,簡短疑問部分的動詞、時態(tài)、人稱則以從句為準(zhǔn),而肯、否定形式依主句而定。
(2)前面句子含有must,can’t,may等表推測的詞時,疑問部分則依據(jù)句子的時態(tài)及時間狀語而定。
(3)句子是Let’s...時,后面用shall/shan’t we;前面部分是Let us…祈使句時,后面用will/won’t you。
(4)前面句子是I’m…時,后面用 aren’t l;句子是I’m not…時,后面用 am I。
(5)前面是感嘆句時,后面跟感嘆句的主、謂一致,但用否定形式。
(6)當(dāng)主語是anyone/anybody/everyone/everybody時,疑問部分用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
否定、肯定形式:
(1)一般說來,前后兩部分的否定、肯定形式相反;但當(dāng)句子前有0h,Ah,so等語氣詞時,前后兩部分的否定、肯定形式相同。
(2)前面部分有否定詞或半否定詞時,后面部分用肯定形式;但若前面部分含有由否定詞綴構(gòu)成的否定詞時,后面部分還是用否定形式。
3.祈使句:祈使句的主語是you,但一般被省略;當(dāng)前面有呼語時,一般得補(bǔ)出主語you;否定式一般是在前面加Don’t。
在“祈使句,+and/or/and then+句子”句型中,當(dāng)祈使句中含有比較級時,可將祈使句中的謂語部分省略,只留下“比較級或比較級與名詞,+and/or/and then+句子”。
4.感嘆句:句型:what +a(n)+adj +n.+主語+be!;How +adj/adv.+主語+動詞!
5.There be句型:注意動詞的形式;注意能用于這一句型的抽象特殊名詞及動詞的抽象形式;注意主語補(bǔ)足語的形式。
6.倒裝句:倒裝分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。
全部倒裝:地點副詞或介詞短語+動詞+主語(名詞);地點副詞或介詞短語+主語(代詞)+動詞。【wWw.1467.coM.cN 大學(xué)生范文網(wǎng)】
部分倒裝:(1)否定詞或半否定詞+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語動詞+其它。
(2)only+副詞(狀語)/SO+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語動詞+其它。
(3)讓步狀語從句的倒裝。
(4)非真實條件句的倒裝。
(5)結(jié)果、目的狀語從句中的such,SO提到句首時的倒裝。
7?省略句
(1)在上下文中,任何句子成分都可能省略,必須根據(jù)具體語境進(jìn)行理解。
(2)熟悉并掌握一些特殊的省略形式。
A.在時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句的主語跟主句的主語一致時,從句的主語可以省略,同時將從句的謂語動詞變?yōu)榉衷~形式。
B.在時間、地點、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句的主語跟主句的主語一致或從
句的主語是it,謂語是be動詞時,從句的主語、謂語可以省略。如:When/Where,/If necessary。
C.當(dāng)句子的謂語部分省略時,若只用代詞代替句子,則需用代詞的賓格形式。
D.當(dāng)省略不定式的內(nèi)容時,須保留小品詞to。
8.對賓語從句的提問:特殊詞位于句首,主句用一般疑問式,而賓語從句用陳述語序。
考點解析
高中英語涉及的特殊句型包括強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、省略句和反意疑問句。高考對于這四種句型的考查很靈活。學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵是記準(zhǔn)確各個句型出現(xiàn)的條件。2013年高考考生應(yīng)特別注意1、基本的句型條件;2、句型中的時態(tài)。
交際用語的考查重點應(yīng)注重文化差異,在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中注意英語的交際規(guī)則和交際模式,防止母語思維定勢的干擾和影響,形成英語思維方式。
強(qiáng)調(diào)
在使用英語時,有時要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)某個詞、詞組或句子,這時就要用到強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。
一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本句型:“It is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/ who + 其他成分”強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)一個句子的主語、賓語、表語及狀語等成分。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人的詞,可以用that或who(whom)連接其他成分;被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人以外的詞,例如表示事物、時間或地點的詞,用that連接其他成分。一般疑問句:Is /was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/ who + 其他成分.特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+is /was + that/ who + 其他成分.
1、It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ______ benefits our work most. 【C】
A.who B.which C.that D.what
2、—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
— Of course, I have.It was in our village it was made.【A】
A.that B.where C.when D.which
3、Was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after the boat went famous.【B】
A.where B.that C.which D.what
2、not …until 也可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
4、 It was _____ he came bank from Africa that year ____ he met the girl he would like to marry. 【C】
A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when
3、It’s + 地點狀語+ that…(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
It’s +地點名詞+ where… (定語從句)
It is the town where I was born. (the town 為地點名詞,定語從句)
It was in the town that I was born. (in the town為地點狀語,強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)
4、It’s + 時間名詞+ when…(時間狀語從句)
It’s + 時間狀語 +that…(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
It was at 8 o’clock that he returned. (at 8 o’clock是時間狀語,強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
It was 8 o’clock when he returned.
(8 o’clock 是時間名詞,時間狀語從句)
5、借助助動詞do
對謂語動詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)要借助于助動詞do加動詞原形,而且do有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。這種強(qiáng)調(diào)形式主要用于祈使句以及一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的肯定句中。
5、If you have a job, yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.【A】
A.do devote B.don't devote C.devoting D.not devoting
二、倒裝句
英語通常的語序是主語在前,謂語在后。如果謂語的一部分或者全部提到主語之前,這種語序就是倒裝。如果把全部謂語放在主語之前,就稱為完全倒裝;如果只把助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前,則稱為部分倒裝。
完全倒裝
1)、用在以here, there, now, then等副詞開頭的句子中
6、John opened the door . There _____ he had never seen before. 【D】
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood
C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl
如果主語是人稱代詞,則主語和謂語的位置不變。
Here it is.
2)、為了強(qiáng)調(diào),或為了緊密銜接上下文,常將表語放在句首,顛倒主語和謂語的次序。
Present at the meeting were Mr. Smith, Mr. Green and many other celebrities.
3)、為了使句子生動、流暢,可把in, out, down, over, off, away之類用作狀語的副詞放在句首,采用完全倒裝。句中的謂語動詞多是行為動詞,而且是不及物動詞。
Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes
4)、當(dāng)介詞短語位于句首作地點狀語時,也常常用完全倒裝。
7、At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China. 【A】
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
2、部分倒裝
1)、用在省略了if的虛擬條件句中(把were, had或should移至主語前),采用部分倒裝。
Were she here, she would help us.(=If she were here, she would help us.)
2)、在表示祝愿的句子里,謂語動詞或謂語動詞的一部分,要放在主語的前面。
May you succeed!
3)、用在以so開頭、表示謂語所述情況也適用于另一個人或另一事物的肯定句中,表示“也一樣”,“也這樣”。結(jié)構(gòu)為:so + 系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語或者由neither, nor引導(dǎo)的,表示前面所說情況也適用于另一人(或東西)的句子(否定句),表示“也不”
He can speak English, so can we.
They haven’t prepared their lessons. Nor/Neither have I.
注意:so + 人稱代詞(同一主語)+ 助動詞,這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂是正常語序,用以重述前面的情況,以表示贊同或強(qiáng)調(diào)。
----It was cold yesterday.----So it was.
注意:so it is/was with + 另一主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示這一主語的情況也如此。主要用于上文出現(xiàn)兩個以上句子(情況),而在邏輯上這些句子表現(xiàn)同一主語,通常是有肯定和否定的混合句。或有兩個(以上)謂語。
Mike likes Chinese but he is not good at Chinese. So it is with Tom.
注意:主語+ 動詞do(某種形式)+so, 此句型用以避免重復(fù)前文所述動詞及其賓(狀)語,表示該句型中的主語做了前文中已提到的動作,此句型中的主語可與前句主語相同,也可以是另外的人。
She asked me to speak louder and I did so.
4)、以never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, no sooner…than, hardly…when, by no means, nowhere, at no time, not a +名詞等表示否定或半否定意義的副詞或詞組開頭的句子中,采用部分倒裝。
8、-It’s nice.Never before such a special drink!
-I’m glad you like it.【C】
A.I have had B.I had C.have I had D.had I
9、 Not until he left his home ____ to know how important the family was for him.【A】
A did he begin B had he begun
C he began D he had begun
5)、often, many a time, always, once等表示時間的頻度副詞放在句首時應(yīng)用部分倒裝。
Many a time has he been to Paris. 他去過巴黎多次。
6)、以only開頭的句子(only后面為副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句),采用部分倒裝,即把謂語的助動詞放到主語之前,謂語用原形。
10、Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _______a decision. 【B】
A.they reached B.did they reach
C.they reach D.do they reach
7)、as/ though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,常將句末的表語、動詞、副詞提至句首。
11、Unsatisfied with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.【B】
A. though was he B. though he was
C. he was though D. was he though
三、省略
在語言運用中,尤其是在口語中,省略是常見的語言現(xiàn)象。
1、在某些表虛擬語氣的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中,從句謂語動詞中的should可以省略。這些句子一般包含如下動詞一及其派生詞:一堅持(insist),二命令
(order, command),三建議(suggest, propose, advise),四要求(demand, require, request, ask)
Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination.
It is necessary (important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that...等主語從句中。
It is necessary that the problem be solved at once.
2、定語從句中的省略
(1)在限制性定語從句中,作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that, which, who (whom)??梢允÷?。
The man I saw is called Tom.
Where is the pen I bought this morning?
(2)關(guān)系副詞when, where, why及that在the time when, the place where, the reason why, the way that結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時,在非正式場合下,可以省略關(guān)系副詞when, where, why和that等。
I shall never forget the day we first met.
The reason he came so early is his own affair.
I don't like the way you speak to your mother.
3、狀語從句中的省略
(1)當(dāng)狀語從句中的主語和主句的主語一致,或狀語從句中的主語是it,并且又含有be動詞時,??梢允÷詮木渲械闹髡Z和be動詞。
12、It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. , we’d better take it to the garage immediately.【D】
A.Otherwise B.If not C.But for that D.If so
(2)虛擬條件句中,含助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、動詞be或have等,若將它們提到句首,則需省略if。
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit till next week.
(3)在as(so)... as..., than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中。
I know you can do better than Peter.
This car doesn't run as fast as that one.
(4)在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,當(dāng)作表語的單數(shù)名詞提前時,不定冠詞要省略。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
4、動詞不定式中的省略
1)有些動詞,如believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)to be + n./ adj. 中的to be可以省略。
I consider him stupid.
His mother found him a clever boy.
2) 感官動詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役動詞let, make, have后作賓補(bǔ)的動詞不定式中的不定式符號to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,to必須保留。
They made the boy go to bed early.
The boy was made to go to bed early.
3) 動詞不定式在prefer,refuse,decide, mean, intend, try,promise, like, love, care,want,hope,wish,expect等動詞后作賓語時,為了避免重復(fù),常承前省略不定式后的內(nèi)容,但要保留不定式符號 to。
I have asked her to come,but she does not want to.
注意:want,like用在 when,if, what,as 引導(dǎo)的從句中,其后的to也??墒÷?。
I've decided to do what I like.
I'll teach you if you like.
4)在can not but, can not choose but, can do nothing but..., can't help but..., prefer to do rather than do..., would do... rather than... 之后的動詞不定式一般不帶to;but之前有實義動詞do的某個形式do, does, did, done 而且其賓語是something,nothing,anything和everything等不定代詞時,也不帶to, 否則要帶to。
We have nothing to do now but wait.
I can not but admire his courage.
He has no choice but to accept the fact.
5)在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中為了避免重復(fù),后一個to省略。
I'm really puzzled what to think or say.
但兩個不定式有對照或?qū)Ρ鹊囊饬x時,則后一個to不能省略。
I came not to scold but to praise you.
6)在why, why not 引導(dǎo)的特殊問句中后跟省略to的動詞不定式。
Why talk so much about it? Why not try it again?
7)動詞不定式與be able to,be going to,have to,ought to,used to等構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語時,不定式結(jié)構(gòu)??墒÷裕A舨欢ㄊ椒杢o。
I don’t want to wait for him, but l have to.
—Why didn’t you come to our party?
—I was going to,but l had a report to write.
8)動詞不定式中動詞原形部分是否省略,主要看句子前面是否已出現(xiàn)過同樣的動詞。如果句子前面出現(xiàn)過同樣的動詞,為了避免重復(fù),句子后面的不定式常省略動詞原形,而保留不定式符號to。
Don't go till I tell you to.
9)動詞不定式在ask,warn,tell,advise,force,wish,expect,allow,permit , invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語時,常可省略。
You'd better give a performance if you are asked to.
He didn't come, though we had invited him to.
10)動詞不定式在happy, glad, eager,anxious,willing, ready等形容詞等后承前省略動詞原形,只保留不定式符號to。
—Will you join me in a walk?
—I'll be happy to.
注:承前省略的動詞不定式如果有助動詞have或be,則要保留be或have。
—Are you a doctor?
—No, but I used to be.
四、反意疑問句
1、反意疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)形式:
反意疑問句提出情況或看法,問對方同不同意,這種問句都由兩部分組成,前一部分用陳述句的形式,后一部分是一個附著在前一部分上的簡短問句,中間用逗號隔開,如前一部分為肯定形式,后一部分通常用否定形式,前一部分為否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式,兩部分的時態(tài)要一致。
You are to go home via Hongkong, aren’t you?
(肯定的陳述句+否定的反意疑問句)
They didn’t raise many questions at the press conference, did they?
(否定的陳述句+肯定的反意疑問句)
2、反意疑問句的答語
在回答反意疑問句時,應(yīng)根據(jù)事實來回答,如果事實是肯定的,前面要用yes,否則用no, 在第一部分為否定句時要特別注意,這時英語回答和漢語回答是不一致的。
----You are not going out today, are you?----No, I am not.
你今天不出去,是嗎? 是的,我今天不出去。
(“不出去”屬于否定的事實,所以在英語中應(yīng)用“no”來表示此義,不要用 “yes”來回答。)
構(gòu)成反意疑問句時應(yīng)注意的問題:
1)、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代詞時,反意疑問句部分中的主語常用they (有時也可用he.)
Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didn’t they?
No one was hurt, was he?
2)、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everything, anything, nothing, something等表物的不定代詞時,反意疑問部分的主語常用it.
Everything has been done on how to prevent the pollution, hasn’t it?
3)、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是one時,反意疑問部分的主語常用one或you。
One should study hard, shouldn’t one/ you?
4)、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是man(人類)時,反意疑問部分的主語常用he。
Man is the master of his own fate, isn’t he?
5)、當(dāng)陳述部分是there be結(jié)構(gòu)時, 反意疑問部分用there,省略主語代詞。
There used to be a shop, didn’t there?
6)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時,反意疑問部分的動詞應(yīng)用肯定形式。
Few people know him, do they?
Bob rarely got drunk, did he?
You have nothing else to say, have you?
7)、當(dāng)陳述部分中含有im, in, dis, un等否定前綴或less等否定后綴時,應(yīng)把陳述部分看成是肯定的,反意疑問部分要用否定式。
Your mother dislikes seeing you with me, doesn’t she?
He is unfamiliar with this type of computer, isn’t he?
8)、當(dāng)陳述部分是I’m …結(jié)構(gòu)時,反意疑問部分常用aren’t I
I am late, aren’t I?
9)、 當(dāng)陳述部分是主從復(fù)合句時,反意疑問部分中的動詞和主語代詞通常應(yīng)和主句中的動詞和主語保持一致。
If you don’t start early, you will be late, won’t you?
Peter believes that his dream will come true some day, doesn’t he?
10)、當(dāng)陳述部分的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine等結(jié)構(gòu)時,反意疑問部分往往與從句保持一致,而且要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
I think he is a thief, isn’t he?
I don’t think he can do it well, can he?
11)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有have,而且have作“有”解時,反意疑問部分用have/has或借助助動詞do, does, did等來完成;如果陳述部分中的have是實義動詞,則反意疑問部分應(yīng)需借助助動詞do, does, did等來完成。
He hasn’t a lot of time to spare, has he?
He doesn’t have an English dictionary, does he?
12)、當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語動詞包括have to, had to時,反意疑問部分通常用do的適當(dāng)形式。
You had to take the early bus, didn’t you?
We have to do it, don’t we?
13)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞used to時,反意疑問部分可用used to形式或did形式。
He used to get up late, didn’t/ usedn’t he?
14)、當(dāng)陳述部分是祈使句時,反意疑問部分常用will you.
Help me to do it, will you?
Don’t go there, will you?
◆ Let’s 和Let us都表示“讓我們”,但用法上不同。前者包括聽話人,后者不包括聽話人。正因如此,它們的反意疑問句的形式常常不同:
以Let’s 開頭的祈使句,反意疑問部分常用shall we.
以Let us開頭的祈使句,反意疑問部分常用will you.
Let’s go now, shall we? (我們?nèi)ィ阋踩?
Let us go shopping, will you? (我們?nèi)ィ悴蝗?
15)、當(dāng)陳述句部分含had better/best, would like to, would rather等約定俗成特殊短語時,反意疑問部分應(yīng)保留第一個詞。
He had better do more speaking, hadn’t he?
16)、當(dāng)陳述句部分是強(qiáng)調(diào)句或類似強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)時,反意疑問部分常和句首的It is/was保持一致。
It is the first time that he has gone there, isn’t it?
17)、當(dāng)陳述句部分為感嘆句時,反意疑問句部分常用否定形式,且問句部分的動詞常用be.
What a cold day, isn’t it?
18)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞must, may, can’t, 且表示推測時,反意疑問部分不能用must, may, can’t自身,應(yīng)和后面的實義動詞保持一致;
◆ must/ may/ can’t + do 表示對現(xiàn)在情況的推測,反意疑問部分用一般現(xiàn)在時。
He can’t be Mr. Chen, is he?(相當(dāng)于I don’t think he is Mr. Chen.)
He must be very tired, isn’t he? (相當(dāng)于:I believe he is very tired.)
◆ must/ may/ can’t + have done +過去時間狀語,表示對過去情況的推測,反意疑問部分常用一般過去時。
You must have seen the film last week, didn’t you?
(相當(dāng)于:I think you saw the film last week.)
It can’t have snowed last week, did it? (相當(dāng)于:I don’t think it snowed last week.)
◆ must/ may/ can’t + have done , 反意疑問部分常用現(xiàn)在完成時。
You may have been to Tibet, haven’t you? (相當(dāng)于:Maybe you have been to Tibet.)
He can’t have known the news, has he? (相當(dāng)于:I don’t think he has known the news.)
You must have waited for a long time, haven’t you?
(相當(dāng)于:I think you have waited for a long time.)
19)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞mustn’t表示“禁止”時,反意疑問部分常用must.
You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?
20)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞need, dare時,反意疑問部分有兩種形式:作情態(tài)動詞時保留自身;作實義動詞時反意疑問句應(yīng)借助于助動詞do/does/did來完成。
He needs to start at once, doesn’t he?
She dare not go out alone at night, dare she?
21)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞ought to時,反意疑問部分常用oughtn’t (有時也可用shouldn’t.)
The child ought to be punished, oughtn’t he?
五年高考
A組 2012年全國高考題組
1.【2012浙江卷,19】 Had they known what was coming next, they________ second thoughts.
A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had
【考點】虛擬語氣中的情態(tài)動詞
【答案】D
【解析】本句是一個倒裝句,可還原為:if they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought。根據(jù)had known提示,可知是與過去事實相反,因此虛擬語氣主句中應(yīng)該用would/might +have done,由此可見答案D符合語境。
2.【2012江蘇卷,25】 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______________?
A. is there B. isn't there C. is he D. isn't he
【考點】特殊句式—反義問句
【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)前面there be 句里含有否定意義的詞little,所以反意疑問句用肯定形式,其主謂應(yīng)與陳述部分的主謂保持一致,故選A項。
3.【2012山東卷,31】 — I don’t know about you, but I’m sick and tired of this weather.
— _________. I can’t stand all this rain.
A. I don’t care B. It’s hard to say
C. So am I D. I hope not
【答案】C
【解析】當(dāng)表示后者與前者具有相同特征的時候,后者用倒裝的形式;肯定用so,否定用nor或neither構(gòu)成。根據(jù)后面一句中的I can’t stand all this rain可知,此處與上一句中的I’m sick and tired of the weather表達(dá)同樣的感受,因此應(yīng)該用So am I,表示“我也是”。句意:---我不了解你。我討厭這種天氣。---我也是。我無法忍受整天下雨。
【考點】考查倒裝句的用法。
4.【2012全國新課程,34】 You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.
A. so B. or
C. and D. but
【答案】B
【解析】此處or表示“否則”。句意:你必須躲開,否則卡車過不去。
【考點】考查并列連詞。
5.【2012湖南高考真題,30】 It was not until I came here ____ I realized this place was famous, for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A. who B. that C. where D. before
【答案】B
【考點】本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
【解析】把it was及空去掉,可轉(zhuǎn)換為一個完整的句子。且這是表示“直到……時才”的句型之一:it was not until … that …。復(fù)合句 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型that
6.【2012重慶卷,33】 The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor______ it a thought.
A. does he even given B. he even gives C. whether D. he will even given
【考點】特殊句式—倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
【答案】C
【解析】空白處前為否定詞“nor”位于句首,句子應(yīng)該使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),而且根據(jù)語境空白處應(yīng)使用一般將來時,C選項符合題意。因此,正確答案為C選項。
技巧點撥:考查倒裝。否定副詞never位于句首,句子應(yīng)該使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu);根據(jù)語境即關(guān)鍵詞before,句子應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時,故正確答案為C選項。
7.【2012遼寧卷,32】Not until he retired from teaching three years ago having a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered B. had he considered
C. he considered D. did he consider
【考點】特殊句式—倒裝。
【答案】D
【解析】Not until位于句首時句子要倒裝,consider having a holiday abroad這個動作發(fā)生在retire之后,所以用一般過去時。
8.【2012四川卷,4】At school, some students are active ______ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.
A. while B. although C. so D. as
【答案】 A
【考點】本題考查并列連詞。
【解析】題干句意為:在學(xué)校,一些學(xué)生很活躍而一些卻很害羞,然而他們都可能彼此成為好朋友。根據(jù)句意選while,表示兩個分句中兩種情況的對比。
9.【2012四川卷,5】This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently.
A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is
【答案】 C
【考點】本題考查倒裝句。
【解析】nor位于句首引起部分倒裝,排除B、D;再根據(jù)句意“這并不是(關(guān)于)我的故事,它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的結(jié)局不同?!边x代詞it。故答案選C。
B組 2008-2011年全國高考題組
1.【2011重慶卷32】—Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
— Of course, I have. It was in our village _______ it was made.
A. that B. where C. when D. which
【答案】A
【考點】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
【解析】問話人詢問對方是否看過《山楂樹之戀》這部電影,答話人回答說當(dāng)然看過,這部電影是在自己的村莊拍攝的。本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是地點狀語in our village。強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語in our village。
2.【2011湖南卷35】It’s not what we do once in a while ______ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently
A .which B. that C. how D. when
【答案】B
【考點】本題考察強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
【解析】本題考察強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語。故選B。句子意思:決定我們生活的東西不是我們偶爾所做的事情而是那些我們自始至終所做的事情。
3.【2011全國卷II13】Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and .
A. neither won’t Tom B. Tom won’t either
C. Tom will too D. so will Tom
【答案】B
【考點】考查特殊句式。
【解析】句意:簡不會來參加我們今晚的宴會,湯姆也不會來。此處是否定句,故使用either,而too一般用于肯定句中。此處也可以用so倒裝的否定式,即neither/nor will Tom.注意A項中neither表否定意義,所以不能用won’t。
4.【2011江蘇卷33】It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine._______ , we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so
【答案】D
【考點】考查省略和替代。
【解析】句意:聽起來車的發(fā)動機(jī)好像有問題,如果那樣的話,我們最好立刻把它弄到汽修廠去。前后兩句話之間是順承關(guān)系。Otherwise否則,要不然;if not要不,不然;but for that若不是因為那件事;if so若是這樣。
5.【2011遼寧卷33】_____ a strange plant! I've never seen it before.
A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether
where
【答案】B
【考點】考查感嘆句。
【解析】句意:多么奇怪的植物啊!我以前從沒見過。此處為“What+a/an十a(chǎn)dj.+n.+it is/was”的省略結(jié)構(gòu),故B項正確。
6.【2011上海卷 30】It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, _______?
A. doesn’t it B. does it C. don’t they D. do they
【答案】B
【考點】考查反義疑問句。
【解析】反義疑問句的基本原則就是與主句主謂保持一致。陳述部分為否定,故附加部分為肯定,句意:他們是否來參加你的派對,沒有關(guān)系,是嗎?
7.【10浙江】The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
【答案】C
【考點】本題考查if條件句中的省略情況。
【解析】本句的句子的主語是the experiment;謂語動詞是shows;that引導(dǎo)賓語從句, 賓語從句的主干事:proper amounts of exercise can improve our health, if_____ regularly是插入的條件從句, 從句的主語是proper amounts of exercise, 此時應(yīng)用it代替前面提到的主語, 條件句的主語與主句的主語一致, 并且含有is, 故省略了it is, 完整形式是:if it is carried out。句意為:這項實驗表明, 適當(dāng)?shù)倪\動, 如果有規(guī)律的進(jìn)行, 能夠有助于我們的身體健康。
8.【10江西】Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.
A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun
【答案】A
【考點】考查倒裝。
【解析】not until放在句首要用部分倒裝, 翻譯為直到, 所以begin發(fā)生在left之后或同時發(fā)生
9.【09湖南】You and I could hardly work together, ?
A. could you B. couldn’t I C. couldn’t we D. could we
【答案】D
【考點】反義疑問句的用法。
【解析】根據(jù)陳述部分是肯定形式, 疑問部分用否定形式;反之。陳述部分中含有否定詞hardly, 故疑問部分用肯定形式, 主語是you and I。故應(yīng)選D。
10.【09江西】According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _________ a woman.
A. than B. such C. so D. as
【答案】D
【考點】比較級的結(jié)構(gòu)
【解析】比較級的結(jié)構(gòu), as ….. as , 注意句中的more than 只是修飾twice
11.【08福建】—Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order .
A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told
【答案】A
【考點】此題考查狀語從句的省略
【解析】as told=as they were told, 此處是as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句的省略。當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語一致, 且謂語動詞含有be時, 將從句的主語和be省略。又因為workers與tell之間是被動關(guān)系, 排除C、D。
12.【08遼寧】 Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ______.
A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I
【答案】B
【考點】本題考查倒裝。
【解析】句意為:Bill對Jason耽誤了報告的事不高興, 我也是(我也不高興)。表示 “某人也不……時”, 應(yīng)該用 “neither/nor+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”。
三年模擬
A組 2012年全國模擬題組
1.(浙江省杭州十四中2012屆高三3月月考,8)________this problem, they don’t know how to deal with it.
A. Face B. Faced C. Facing D. To be faced
2.(浙江省2012屆重點中學(xué)協(xié)作體高三第二學(xué)期3月調(diào)研試題,6)_____ read newspapers for pleasure, but also to improve their minds.
A. Not only old men B. Not only old men do
C. Not only do old men D. Old men not only do
3.(浙江省部分重點中學(xué)2012屆高三下學(xué)期2月聯(lián)考,5)Only when I left my parents for Italy, ________how much I loved them.
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I real ize
4.(浙江省東陽市南馬高中2012屆高三下學(xué)期入學(xué)考試,16)______ how mirrors produce image, we need to know what light does.
A. Understanding B. Understood C. To understand D. Having understood
5.(浙江省奉化市第二中學(xué)2012屆高三上學(xué)期第三次月考,6)It is always those _____ forgive first _______ achieve more happiness.
A. 不填; and B. who; and C. who; that D. that; but
6.(浙江省杭州市2012屆高三第一次高考教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測,19)
—How many students will attend James’ course?
—I suppose there will be not more than ten, , for it is too abstract.
A.if so B.if possible C.if any D.if ever
7.(浙江省杭州市西湖高級中學(xué)2012屆高三3月月考,17)________, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.
A. Although much he like her B. Much although he likes her
C. As he likes her much D. Much as he likes her
8.(浙江省嘉興市2012屆高三下學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢查(二),1)
--- Nice to meet you. You can call me Sarah.
--- Oh, ! My name is Sarah, too. We have the same name.
A.what a shame B.what a small world
C.what a joke D.what a coincidence
9.(金華十校2012年高考模擬考試,14)The school library provides a variety of books, _______ they will meet the needs of different students.
A.to hope B.hope C.hoped D.hoping
10.(浙江省寧波市2012屆高三上學(xué)期期末試題,18)On no account _______ tell him about our plans.
A. you must B. you can C. can you D. must you
11.(浙江省紹興市第一中學(xué)2012屆高三下學(xué)期回頭望考試題,11)I don’t think my mother will come to Shaoxing, but in case she ______, I will ask for a few days to show her around the East Lake.
A. will B. would C. did D. does
12.(浙江省名校新高考研究聯(lián)盟2012屆第一次聯(lián)考,3)We were told not to touch the equipment in the laboratory unless ________.
A. allowed to do B. allowing to do C. allowed to D. allowing to
B組 2010-2011年全國模擬題組
1.(2011年浙江省高考模擬卷,6) ______ to the victims in the mud-flow struck areas, you can contact the local charity organizations.
A. Contributing B. To contribute C. Being contribute D. Contributed
2.(溫州中學(xué)高三年級第一次模擬考試,35)In my opinion, learning is life long and the more knowledge you get_______.
A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are
C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more life
3.(浙江省紹興市2011年高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)測,11)The latest edition of Harry Potter is as attractive as the previous editions. , it is more thrilling.
A.If anything B.If something C.If necessary D.If so
4.(浙江省2011屆高考考試樣卷 ,6)If not _______, you’re allowed to return everything within 10 days for a full refund and no further duties.
A. to satisfy B. being satisfied C. satisfied D. satisfying
5.(浙江省2011屆高三模擬考試試題(一),23)
—Do you know ____ the 2011 Xiamen International Marathon was held?
—On January 2.
A.when it was that B.when was it that
C.what it was that D.what was it that
6.(浙江省富陽二中2011屆高三3月月考,6) It is the best play I have ever seen, and never before _______ a film of so high quality.
A. I saw B. have I seen C. did I see D. I have seen
7.(浙江省溫州二中2010屆高三上學(xué)期期中,11)_______ up , the young man found himself covered with a red blanket.
A. Wake B. Waking C. Wakes D. woke
8.(浙江省瑞安中學(xué)2010屆高三暑期總結(jié)性測試,10) Only when you leave your parents for college education _______ how much you love them.
A. do you realize B. you realize C. you will realize D. will you realize
9.(溫州市2009學(xué)年高三八校聯(lián)考英語試卷,6) Not until I went through his paper _________ what rapid progress he had made in writing.
A. I did find B. did I find C. I had found D. was I found
10.(溫州中學(xué)2009學(xué)年第一學(xué)期第一次月考,12)______ with some research findings, I decided on three possible approaches.
A. Preparing B. Having prepared
C. To prepare D. Prepared
精選閱讀
高三英語教案:《語法知識特殊詞復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計
特殊詞精講
8.1 stop doing/to do
stop to do 停止,中斷做某事后去做另一件事,stop doing 停止做某事。例如:
They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他們停下來,抽了根煙。
I must stop smoking. 我必須戒煙了。
典型例題
She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
答案:C。由題意可知,她到了山頂,停下來在一個路邊的大石頭上休息。因此,應(yīng)選擇"stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事"。而不僅僅是爬山動作的終止,所以stop doing sth.不正確。
8.2 forget doing/to do
forget to do 忘記要去做某事,forget doing 忘記做過某事。例如:
The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 辦公室的燈還在亮著,他忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動作)
He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。(已做過關(guān)燈的動作)
典型例題
---- The light in the office is still on. ---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著,即關(guān)燈的動作沒有發(fā)生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了,而忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。
8.3 remember doing/to do
remember to do 記得去做某事,remember doing 記得做過某事。例如:
Remember to go to the post office after school. 記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?
8.4 regret doing/to do
regret to do 對將要做的事遺憾,regret doing 對做過的事遺憾、后悔。例如:
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遺憾必須這樣去做,我實在沒有辦法。
I don't regret telling her what I thought. 我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。
典型例題
---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ___ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
答案:D。regret having done sth. 對已發(fā)生的事感到遺憾。regret to do sth. 對將要做的事感到遺憾。本題為對已說的話感到后悔,因此選D。
8.5 cease doing/to do
cease to do 長時間,甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事,cease doing 短時停止做某事,以后還會接著做。例如:
That department has ceased to exist forever. 那個系已不復(fù)存在。
The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘們在老師走過時,停了會聊天。
8.6 try doing/to do
try to do 努力,企圖做某事,try doing 試驗,試著做某事。例如:
You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。
I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我試著種果木花卉,但未成功。
8.7 go on doing/to do
go on to do 做了一件事后,接著做另一件事,go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事。例如:
After he had finished his maths,he went on to do his physics. 做完數(shù)學(xué)后,他接著去做物理。
Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完這個練習(xí)后,接著做其他的練習(xí)
8.8 be afraid doing/to do
be afraid to do 不敢,膽怯去做某事,是主觀上的原因不去做,意為"怕",be afraid of doing 擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。doing 是客觀上造成的,意為"生怕,恐怕"。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.
她生怕被蛇咬著,不敢在草叢中再走一步。
She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
8.9 be interested doing/to do
interested to do 對做某事感興趣,想了解某事,interested in doing 對某種想法感興趣,doing 通常為想法。例如:
I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道發(fā)生了什么事。(想了解)
I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?
我對在瑞士工作感興趣。你想過這事嗎? (一種想法)
8.10 mean to doing/to do
mean to do 打算、想,mean doing 意味著。例如:
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去,但是我父親不肯讓我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 增加工資意味著增加購買力。
8.11 begin(start) doing/to do
begin / start to do sth /begin / start doing sth.
1)談及一項長期活動或開始一種習(xí)慣時,使用doing。例如:
How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你幾歲時開始彈鋼琴?
2)begin, start用進(jìn)行時時,后面動詞用不定式to do。例如:
I was beginning to get angry。我開始生起氣來。
3)在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize這類動詞時,常用不定式to do。例如:
I begin to understand the truth。我開始明白真相。
4)事物作主語時。例如:
The snow began to melt.雪開始融化了
8.12 感官動詞 + doing/to do
感官動詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示動作的完整性,+doing 表示動作的進(jìn)行性。例如:
I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見了"這個事實)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我見他正干活"這個動作)昨天我見他正在花園里干活。
典型例題
1)They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
答案:A。因題意為,他們看著她長大,因此強(qiáng)調(diào)的是成長的過程,而非正在長的動作,因此用see sb do sth 的句型。
2)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playingC. playD. to play
答案A. 本題強(qiáng)調(diào)其動作,正在河邊玩,應(yīng)此用see sb. doing sth句型。
高考英語特殊句式復(fù)習(xí)
一名優(yōu)秀負(fù)責(zé)的教師就要對每一位學(xué)生盡職盡責(zé),高中教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案,這是高中教師需要精心準(zhǔn)備的。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠在課堂積極的參與互動,幫助高中教師能夠更輕松的上課教學(xué)。高中教案的內(nèi)容具體要怎樣寫呢?下面是小編精心為您整理的“高考英語特殊句式復(fù)習(xí)”,希望對您的工作和生活有所幫助。
英語科5年高考3年模擬[浙江專版]
專題13特殊句式
1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:
句型結(jié)構(gòu)形式:Itis/was…that/who…
be的時態(tài):that/who前面be的時態(tài)一般是一般現(xiàn)在時,當(dāng)它后面的句子為過去時時,才用過去時。
判斷方法:將(Itis/was)...(that/who)…括號中的詞同時去掉,看剩下的部分是否仍然成立。若成立,則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型;若不成立,則為狀語從句、定語從句或主語從句。
2.反意疑問句:
形式:句子+簡短的疑問
(1)前面若有多個句子并列,則以最后一個句子為準(zhǔn);若前面部分為主從復(fù)合句,一般說來,以主句為準(zhǔn);但若賓語主從復(fù)合句的主句謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,feel,imagine,consider,guess等,主語又是第一人稱且為一般現(xiàn)在時、謂語又沒有任何副詞修飾時,簡短疑問部分的動詞、時態(tài)、人稱則以從句為準(zhǔn),而肯、否定形式依主句而定。
(2)前面句子含有must,can’t,may等表推測的詞時,疑問部分則依據(jù)句子的時態(tài)及時間狀語而定。
(3)句子是Let’s...時,后面用shall/shan’twe;前面部分是Letus…祈使句時,后面用will/won’tyou。
(4)前面句子是I’m…時,后面用aren’tl;句子是I’mnot…時,后面用amI。
(5)前面是感嘆句時,后面跟感嘆句的主、謂一致,但用否定形式。
(6)當(dāng)主語是anyone/anybody/everyone/everybody時,疑問部分用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
否定、肯定形式:
(1)一般說來,前后兩部分的否定、肯定形式相反;但當(dāng)句子前有0h,Ah,so等語氣詞時,前后兩部分的否定、肯定形式相同。
(2)前面部分有否定詞或半否定詞時,后面部分用肯定形式;但若前面部分含有由否定詞綴構(gòu)成的否定詞時,后面部分還是用否定形式。
3.祈使句:祈使句的主語是you,但一般被省略;當(dāng)前面有呼語時,一般得補(bǔ)出主語you;否定式一般是在前面加Don’t。
在“祈使句,+and/or/andthen+句子”句型中,當(dāng)祈使句中含有比較級時,可將祈使句中的謂語部分省略,只留下“比較級或比較級與名詞,+and/or/andthen+句子”。
4.感嘆句:句型:what+a(n)+adj+n.+主語+be!;How+adj/adv.+主語+動詞!
5.Therebe句型:注意動詞的形式;注意能用于這一句型的抽象特殊名詞及動詞的抽象形式;注意主語補(bǔ)足語的形式。
6.倒裝句:倒裝分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。
全部倒裝:地點副詞或介詞短語+動詞+主語(名詞);地點副詞或介詞短語+主語(代詞)+動詞。
部分倒裝:(1)否定詞或半否定詞+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語動詞+其它。
(2)only+副詞(狀語)/SO+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語動詞+其它。
(3)讓步狀語從句的倒裝。
(4)非真實條件句的倒裝。
(5)結(jié)果、目的狀語從句中的such,SO提到句首時的倒裝。
7?省略句
(1)在上下文中,任何句子成分都可能省略,必須根據(jù)具體語境進(jìn)行理解。
(2)熟悉并掌握一些特殊的省略形式。
A.在時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句的主語跟主句的主語一致時,從句的主語可以省略,同時將從句的謂語動詞變?yōu)榉衷~形式。
B.在時間、地點、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句的主語跟主句的主語一致或從
句的主語是it,謂語是be動詞時,從句的主語、謂語可以省略。如:When/Where,/Ifnecessary。
C.當(dāng)句子的謂語部分省略時,若只用代詞代替句子,則需用代詞的賓格形式。
D.當(dāng)省略不定式的內(nèi)容時,須保留小品詞to。
8.對賓語從句的提問:特殊詞位于句首,主句用一般疑問式,而賓語從句用陳述語序。
考點解析
高中英語涉及的特殊句型包括強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、省略句和反意疑問句。高考對于這四種句型的考查很靈活。學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵是記準(zhǔn)確各個句型出現(xiàn)的條件。高考考生應(yīng)特別注意1、基本的句型條件;2、句型中的時態(tài)。
交際用語的考查重點應(yīng)注重文化差異,在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中注意英語的交際規(guī)則和交際模式,防止母語思維定勢的干擾和影響,形成英語思維方式。
強(qiáng)調(diào)
在使用英語時,有時要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)某個詞、詞組或句子,這時就要用到強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。
一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本句型:“Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分”強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)一個句子的主語、賓語、表語及狀語等成分。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人的詞,可以用that或who(whom)連接其他成分;被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人以外的詞,例如表示事物、時間或地點的詞,用that連接其他成分。一般疑問句:Is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分.特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+is/was+that/who+其他成分.
1、Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo______benefitsourworkmost.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what
2、—HaveyouseenthefilmUndertheHawthornTree?
—Ofcourse,Ihave.Itwasinourvillageitwasmade.
A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which
3、Wasitonalonelyislandhewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentfamous.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what
2、not…until也可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
4、Itwas_____hecamebankfromAfricathatyear____hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.
A.when;thenB.not;untilC.notuntil;thatD.only;when
3、It’s+地點狀語+that…(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
It’s+地點名詞+where…(定語從句)
ItisthetownwhereIwasborn. (thetown為地點名詞,定語從句)
ItwasinthetownthatIwasborn. (inthetown為地點狀語,強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)
4、It’s+時間名詞+when…(時間狀語從句)
It’s+時間狀語+that…(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
Itwasat8o’clockthathereturned. (at8o’clock是時間狀語,強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
Itwas8o’clockwhenhereturned.
(8o’clock是時間名詞,時間狀語從句)
5、借助助動詞do
對謂語動詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)要借助于助動詞do加動詞原形,而且do有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。這種強(qiáng)調(diào)形式主要用于祈使句以及一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的肯定句中。
5、Ifyouhaveajob,yourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.
A.dodevoteB.dontdevoteC.devotingD.notdevoting
二、倒裝句
英語通常的語序是主語在前,謂語在后。如果謂語的一部分或者全部提到主語之前,這種語序就是倒裝。如果把全部謂語放在主語之前,就稱為完全倒裝;如果只把助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前,則稱為部分倒裝。
完全倒裝
1)、用在以here,there,now,then等副詞開頭的句子中
6、Johnopenedthedoor.There_____hehadneverseenbefore.
A.agirldidstandB.agirlstood
C.didagirlstandD.stoodagirl
如果主語是人稱代詞,則主語和謂語的位置不變。
Hereitis.
2)、為了強(qiáng)調(diào),或為了緊密銜接上下文,常將表語放在句首,顛倒主語和謂語的次序。
PresentatthemeetingwereMr.Smith,Mr.Greenandmanyothercelebrities.
3)、為了使句子生動、流暢,可把in,out,down,over,off,away之類用作狀語的副詞放在句首,采用完全倒裝。句中的謂語動詞多是行為動詞,而且是不及物動詞。
Followingtheroar,outrushedatigerfromamongthebushes
4)、當(dāng)介詞短語位于句首作地點狀語時,也常常用完全倒裝。
7、AtthemeetingplaceoftheYangtzeRiverandtheJialingRiver______,oneofthetenlargestcitiesinChina.
A.liesChongqingB.Chongqinglies
C.doeslieChongqingD.doesChongqinglie
2、部分倒裝
1)、用在省略了if的虛擬條件句中(把were,had或should移至主語前),采用部分倒裝。
Wereshehere,shewouldhelpus.(=Ifshewerehere,shewouldhelpus.)
2)、在表示祝愿的句子里,謂語動詞或謂語動詞的一部分,要放在主語的前面。
Mayyousucceed!
3)、用在以so開頭、表示謂語所述情況也適用于另一個人或另一事物的肯定句中,表示“也一樣”,“也這樣”。結(jié)構(gòu)為:so+系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語或者由neither,nor引導(dǎo)的,表示前面所說情況也適用于另一人(或東西)的句子(否定句),表示“也不”
HecanspeakEnglish,socanwe.
Theyhaven’tpreparedtheirlessons.Nor/NeitherhaveI.
注意:so+人稱代詞(同一主語)+助動詞,這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂是正常語序,用以重述前面的情況,以表示贊同或強(qiáng)調(diào)。
----Itwascoldyesterday.----Soitwas.
注意:soitis/waswith+另一主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示這一主語的情況也如此。主要用于上文出現(xiàn)兩個以上句子(情況),而在邏輯上這些句子表現(xiàn)同一主語,通常是有肯定和否定的混合句。或有兩個(以上)謂語。
MikelikesChinesebutheisnotgoodatChinese.SoitiswithTom.
注意:主語+動詞do(某種形式)+so,此句型用以避免重復(fù)前文所述動詞及其賓(狀)語,表示該句型中的主語做了前文中已提到的動作,此句型中的主語可與前句主語相同,也可以是另外的人。
SheaskedmetospeaklouderandIdidso.
4)、以never,little,notonly,notuntil,hardly,scarcely,nosooner…than,hardly…when,bynomeans,nowhere,atnotime,nota+名詞等表示否定或半否定意義的副詞或詞組開頭的句子中,采用部分倒裝。
8、-It’snice.Neverbeforesuchaspecialdrink!
-I’mgladyoulikeit.
A.IhavehadB.IhadC.haveIhadD.hadI
9、Notuntilhelefthishome____toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.
AdidhebeginBhadhebegun
ChebeganDhehadbegun
5)、often,manyatime,always,once等表示時間的頻度副詞放在句首時應(yīng)用部分倒裝。
ManyatimehashebeentoParis.他去過巴黎多次。
6)、以only開頭的句子(only后面為副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句),采用部分倒裝,即把謂語的助動詞放到主語之前,謂語用原形。
10、Onlyaftertheyhaddiscussedthematterforseveralhours_______adecision.
A.theyreachedB.didtheyreach
C.theyreachD.dotheyreach
7)、as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,常將句末的表語、動詞、副詞提至句首。
11、Unsatisfiedwiththepayment,hetookthejobjusttogetsomeworkexperience.
A.thoughwasheB.thoughhewas
C.hewasthoughD.washethough
三、省略
在語言運用中,尤其是在口語中,省略是常見的語言現(xiàn)象。
1、在某些表虛擬語氣的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中,從句謂語動詞中的should可以省略。這些句子一般包含如下動詞一及其派生詞:一堅持(insist),二命令
(order,command),三建議(suggest,propose,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)
Janespalefacesuggestedthatshewasillandherparentssuggestedthatshehaveamedicalexamination.
Itisnecessary(important,impossible,strange,natural,apity,nowonder)that...等主語從句中。
Itisnecessarythattheproblembesolvedatonce.
2、定語從句中的省略
(1)在限制性定語從句中,作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(whom)??梢允÷浴?br>
ThemanIsawiscalledTom.
WhereisthepenIboughtthismorning?
(2)關(guān)系副詞when,where,why及that在thetimewhen,theplacewhere,thereasonwhy,thewaythat結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時,在非正式場合下,可以省略關(guān)系副詞when,where,why和that等。
Ishallneverforgetthedaywefirstmet.
Thereasonhecamesoearlyishisownaffair.
Idontlikethewayyouspeaktoyourmother.
3、狀語從句中的省略
(1)當(dāng)狀語從句中的主語和主句的主語一致,或狀語從句中的主語是it,并且又含有be動詞時,??梢允÷詮木渲械闹髡Z和be動詞。
12、Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar’sengine.,we’dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.
A.OtherwiseB.IfnotC.ButforthatD.Ifso
(2)虛擬條件句中,含助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、動詞be或have等,若將它們提到句首,則需省略if。
Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittillnextweek.
(3)在as(so)...as...,than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中。
IknowyoucandobetterthanPeter.
Thiscardoesntrunasfastasthatone.
(4)在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,當(dāng)作表語的單數(shù)名詞提前時,不定冠詞要省略。
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
4、動詞不定式中的省略
1)有些動詞,如believe,find,think,feel,consider,imagine,prove等后作賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)tobe+n./adj.中的tobe可以省略。
Iconsiderhimstupid.
Hismotherfoundhimacleverboy.
2)感官動詞see,hear,feel,watch,notice等以及使役動詞let,make,have后作賓補(bǔ)的動詞不定式中的不定式符號to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,to必須保留。
Theymadetheboygotobedearly.
Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.
3)動詞不定式在prefer,refuse,decide,mean,intend,try,promise,like,love,care,want,hope,wish,expect等動詞后作賓語時,為了避免重復(fù),常承前省略不定式后的內(nèi)容,但要保留不定式符號to。
Ihaveaskedhertocome,butshedoesnotwantto.
注意:want,like用在when,if,what,as引導(dǎo)的從句中,其后的to也??墒÷?。
IvedecidedtodowhatIlike.
Illteachyouifyoulike.
4)在cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,candonothingbut...,canthelpbut...,prefertodoratherthando...,woulddo...ratherthan...之后的動詞不定式一般不帶to;but之前有實義動詞do的某個形式do,does,did,done而且其賓語是something,nothing,anything和everything等不定代詞時,也不帶to,否則要帶to。
Wehavenothingtodonowbutwait.
Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.
Hehasnochoicebuttoacceptthefact.
5)在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中為了避免重復(fù),后一個to省略。
Imreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.
但兩個不定式有對照或?qū)Ρ鹊囊饬x時,則后一個to不能省略。
Icamenottoscoldbuttopraiseyou.
6)在why,whynot引導(dǎo)的特殊問句中后跟省略to的動詞不定式。
Whytalksomuchaboutit?Whynottryitagain?
7)動詞不定式與beableto,begoingto,haveto,oughtto,usedto等構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語時,不定式結(jié)構(gòu)??墒÷裕A舨欢ㄊ椒杢o。
Idon’twanttowaitforhim,butlhaveto.
—Whydidn’tyoucometoourparty?
—Iwasgoingto,butlhadareporttowrite.
8)動詞不定式中動詞原形部分是否省略,主要看句子前面是否已出現(xiàn)過同樣的動詞。如果句子前面出現(xiàn)過同樣的動詞,為了避免重復(fù),句子后面的不定式常省略動詞原形,而保留不定式符號to。
DontgotillItellyouto.
9)動詞不定式在ask,warn,tell,advise,force,wish,expect,allow,permit,invite,persuade,order,wouldlike,forbid等動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語時,常可省略。
Youdbettergiveaperformanceifyouareaskedto.
Hedidntcome,thoughwehadinvitedhimto.
10)動詞不定式在happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready等形容詞等后承前省略動詞原形,只保留不定式符號to。
—Willyoujoinmeinawalk?
—Illbehappyto.
注:承前省略的動詞不定式如果有助動詞have或be,則要保留be或have。
—Areyouadoctor?
—No,butIusedtobe.
四、反意疑問句
1、反意疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)形式:
反意疑問句提出情況或看法,問對方同不同意,這種問句都由兩部分組成,前一部分用陳述句的形式,后一部分是一個附著在前一部分上的簡短問句,中間用逗號隔開,如前一部分為肯定形式,后一部分通常用否定形式,前一部分為否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式,兩部分的時態(tài)要一致。
YouaretogohomeviaHongkong,aren’tyou?
(肯定的陳述句+否定的反意疑問句)
Theydidn’traisemanyquestionsatthepressconference,didthey?
(否定的陳述句+肯定的反意疑問句)
2、反意疑問句的答語
在回答反意疑問句時,應(yīng)根據(jù)事實來回答,如果事實是肯定的,前面要用yes,否則用no,在第一部分為否定句時要特別注意,這時英語回答和漢語回答是不一致的。
----Youarenotgoingouttoday,areyou?----No,Iamnot.
你今天不出去,是嗎? 是的,我今天不出去。
(“不出去”屬于否定的事實,所以在英語中應(yīng)用“no”來表示此義,不要用“yes”來回答。)
構(gòu)成反意疑問句時應(yīng)注意的問題:
1)、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everybody,everyone,someone,noone,nobody,somebody等不定代詞時,反意疑問句部分中的主語常用they(有時也可用he.)
Somebodyborrowedmypenyesterday,didn’tthey?
Noonewashurt,washe?
2)、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everything,anything,nothing,something等表物的不定代詞時,反意疑問部分的主語常用it.
Everythinghasbeendoneonhowtopreventthepollution,hasn’tit?
3)、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是one時,反意疑問部分的主語常用one或you。
Oneshouldstudyhard,shouldn’tone/you?
4)、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是man(人類)時,反意疑問部分的主語常用he。
Manisthemasterofhisownfate,isn’the?
5)、當(dāng)陳述部分是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)時,反意疑問部分用there,省略主語代詞。
Thereusedtobeashop,didn’tthere?
6)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有seldom,hardly,never,rarely,few,little,nowhere,nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時,反意疑問部分的動詞應(yīng)用肯定形式。
Fewpeopleknowhim,dothey?
Bobrarelygotdrunk,didhe?
Youhavenothingelsetosay,haveyou?
7)、當(dāng)陳述部分中含有im,in,dis,un等否定前綴或less等否定后綴時,應(yīng)把陳述部分看成是肯定的,反意疑問部分要用否定式。
Yourmotherdislikesseeingyouwithme,doesn’tshe?
Heisunfamiliarwiththistypeofcomputer,isn’the?
8)、當(dāng)陳述部分是I’m…結(jié)構(gòu)時,反意疑問部分常用aren’tI
Iamlate,aren’tI?
9)、當(dāng)陳述部分是主從復(fù)合句時,反意疑問部分中的動詞和主語代詞通常應(yīng)和主句中的動詞和主語保持一致。
Ifyoudon’tstartearly,youwillbelate,won’tyou?
Peterbelievesthathisdreamwillcometruesomeday,doesn’the?
10)、當(dāng)陳述部分的主句是Isuppose,Ithink,Ibelieve,Iimagine等結(jié)構(gòu)時,反意疑問部分往往與從句保持一致,而且要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
Ithinkheisathief,isn’the?
Idon’tthinkhecandoitwell,canhe?
11)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有have,而且have作“有”解時,反意疑問部分用have/has或借助助動詞do,does,did等來完成;如果陳述部分中的have是實義動詞,則反意疑問部分應(yīng)需借助助動詞do,does,did等來完成。
Hehasn’talotoftimetospare,hashe?
Hedoesn’thaveanEnglishdictionary,doeshe?
12)、當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語動詞包括haveto,hadto時,反意疑問部分通常用do的適當(dāng)形式。
Youhadtotaketheearlybus,didn’tyou?
Wehavetodoit,don’twe?
13)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞usedto時,反意疑問部分可用usedto形式或did形式。
Heusedtogetuplate,didn’t/usedn’the?
14)、當(dāng)陳述部分是祈使句時,反意疑問部分常用willyou.
Helpmetodoit,willyou?
Don’tgothere,willyou?
◆Let’s和Letus都表示“讓我們”,但用法上不同。前者包括聽話人,后者不包括聽話人。正因如此,它們的反意疑問句的形式常常不同:
以Let’s開頭的祈使句,反意疑問部分常用shallwe.
以Letus開頭的祈使句,反意疑問部分常用willyou.
Let’sgonow,shallwe??。ㄎ覀?nèi)?,你也去?br>
Letusgoshopping,willyou??。ㄎ覀?nèi)?,你不去?br>
15)、當(dāng)陳述句部分含hadbetter/best,wouldliketo,wouldrather等約定俗成特殊短語時,反意疑問部分應(yīng)保留第一個詞。
Hehadbetterdomorespeaking,hadn’the?
16)、當(dāng)陳述句部分是強(qiáng)調(diào)句或類似強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)時,反意疑問部分常和句首的Itis/was保持一致。
Itisthefirsttimethathehasgonethere,isn’tit?
17)、當(dāng)陳述句部分為感嘆句時,反意疑問句部分常用否定形式,且問句部分的動詞常用be.
Whatacoldday,isn’tit?
18)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞must,may,can’t,且表示推測時,反意疑問部分不能用must,may,can’t自身,應(yīng)和后面的實義動詞保持一致;
◆must/may/can’t+do表示對現(xiàn)在情況的推測,反意疑問部分用一般現(xiàn)在時。
Hecan’tbeMr.Chen,ishe?(相當(dāng)于Idon’tthinkheisMr.Chen.)
Hemustbeverytired,isn’the? (相當(dāng)于:Ibelieveheisverytired.)
◆must/may/can’t+havedone+過去時間狀語,表示對過去情況的推測,反意疑問部分常用一般過去時。
Youmusthaveseenthefilmlastweek,didn’tyou?
(相當(dāng)于:Ithinkyousawthefilmlastweek.)
Itcan’thavesnowedlastweek,didit? (相當(dāng)于:Idon’tthinkitsnowedlastweek.)
◆must/may/can’t+havedone,反意疑問部分常用現(xiàn)在完成時。
YoumayhavebeentoTibet,haven’tyou? (相當(dāng)于:MaybeyouhavebeentoTibet.)
Hecan’thaveknownthenews,hashe? (相當(dāng)于:Idon’tthinkhehasknownthenews.)
Youmusthavewaitedforalongtime,haven’tyou?
(相當(dāng)于:Ithinkyouhavewaitedforalongtime.)
19)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞mustn’t表示“禁止”時,反意疑問部分常用must.
Youmustn’twalkongrass,mustyou?
20)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞need,dare時,反意疑問部分有兩種形式:作情態(tài)動詞時保留自身;作實義動詞時反意疑問句應(yīng)借助于助動詞do/does/did來完成。
Heneedstostartatonce,doesn’the?
Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight,dareshe?
21)、當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞oughtto時,反意疑問部分常用oughtn’t(有時也可用shouldn’t.)
Thechildoughttobepunished,oughtn’the?
五年高考
A組全國高考題組
1.Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,they________secondthoughts.
A.mayhaveB.couldhaveC.musthavehadD.mighthavehad
虛擬語氣中的情態(tài)動詞
D
本句是一個倒裝句,可還原為:iftheyhadknownwhatwascomingnext,theymighthavehadsecondthought。根據(jù)hadknown提示,可知是與過去事實相反,因此虛擬語氣主句中應(yīng)該用would/might+havedone,由此可見答案D符合語境。
2.Thereislittledoubtinyourmindthatheisinnocent,_______________?
A.isthereB.isntthereC.isheD.isnthe
特殊句式—反義問句
A
根據(jù)前面therebe句里含有否定意義的詞little,所以反意疑問句用肯定形式,其主謂應(yīng)與陳述部分的主謂保持一致,故選A項。
3.—Idon’tknowaboutyou,butI’msickandtiredofthisweather.
—_________.Ican’tstandallthisrain.
A.Idon’tcareB.It’shardtosay
C.SoamID.Ihopenot
C
當(dāng)表示后者與前者具有相同特征的時候,后者用倒裝的形式;肯定用so,否定用nor或neither構(gòu)成。根據(jù)后面一句中的Ican’tstandallthisrain可知,此處與上一句中的I’msickandtiredoftheweather表達(dá)同樣的感受,因此應(yīng)該用SoamI,表示“我也是”。句意:---我不了解你。我討厭這種天氣。---我也是。我無法忍受整天下雨。
考查倒裝句的用法。
4.Youhavetomoveoutofthewaythetruckcannotgetpastyou.
A.soB.or
C.andD.but
B
此處or表示“否則”。句意:你必須躲開,否則卡車過不去。
考查并列連詞。
5.ItwasnotuntilIcamehere____Irealizedthisplacewasfamous,fornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.
A.whoB.thatC.whereD.before
B
本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
把itwas及空去掉,可轉(zhuǎn)換為一個完整的句子。且這是表示“直到……時才”的句型之一:itwasnotuntil…that…。復(fù)合句強(qiáng)調(diào)句型that
6.Theheadmasterwillnotpermitthechangeinthecourse,nor______itathought.
A.doesheevengivenB.heevengivesC.whetherD.hewillevengiven
特殊句式—倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
C
空白處前為否定詞“nor”位于句首,句子應(yīng)該使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),而且根據(jù)語境空白處應(yīng)使用一般將來時,C選項符合題意。因此,正確答案為C選項。
技巧點撥:考查倒裝。否定副詞never位于句首,句子應(yīng)該使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu);根據(jù)語境即關(guān)鍵詞before,句子應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時,故正確答案為C選項。
7.Notuntilheretiredfromteachingthreeyearsagohavingaholidayabroad.
A.hehadconsideredB.hadheconsidered
C.heconsideredD.didheconsider
特殊句式—倒裝。
D
Notuntil位于句首時句子要倒裝,considerhavingaholidayabroad這個動作發(fā)生在retire之后,所以用一般過去時。
8.Atschool,somestudentsareactive______someareshy,yettheycanbegoodfriendswithoneanother.
A.whileB.althoughC.soD.as
A
本題考查并列連詞。
題干句意為:在學(xué)校,一些學(xué)生很活躍而一些卻很害羞,然而他們都可能彼此成為好朋友。根據(jù)句意選while,表示兩個分句中兩種情況的對比。
9.Thisisnotmystory,nor______thewholestory.Mystoryplaysoutdifferently.
A.isthereB.thereisC.isitD.itis
C
本題考查倒裝句。
nor位于句首引起部分倒裝,排除B、D;再根據(jù)句意“這并不是(關(guān)于)我的故事,它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的結(jié)局不同。”選代詞it。故答案選C。
B組2008-全國高考題組
1.—HaveyouseemthefilmUndertheHawthornTree?
—Ofcourse,Ihave.Itwasinourvillage_______itwasmade.
A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which
A
考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
問話人詢問對方是否看過《山楂樹之戀》這部電影,答話人回答說當(dāng)然看過,這部電影是在自己的村莊拍攝的。本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是地點狀語inourvillage。強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語inourvillage。
2.It’snotwhatwedoonceinawhile______shapesourlives,butwhatwedoconsistently
A.whichB.thatC.howD.when
B
本題考察強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
本題考察強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語。故選B。句子意思:決定我們生活的東西不是我們偶爾所做的事情而是那些我們自始至終所做的事情。
3.Janewon’tjoinusfordinnertonightand.
A.neitherwon’tTomB.Tomwon’teither
C.TomwilltooD.sowillTom
B
考查特殊句式。
句意:簡不會來參加我們今晚的宴會,湯姆也不會來。此處是否定句,故使用either,而too一般用于肯定句中。此處也可以用so倒裝的否定式,即neither/norwillTom.注意A項中neither表否定意義,所以不能用won’t。
4.Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar’sengine._______,we’dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.
A.OtherwiseB.IfnotC.ButforthatD.Ifso
D
考查省略和替代。
句意:聽起來車的發(fā)動機(jī)好像有問題,如果那樣的話,我們最好立刻把它弄到汽修廠去。前后兩句話之間是順承關(guān)系。Otherwise否則,要不然;ifnot要不,不然;butforthat若不是因為那件事;ifso若是這樣。
5._____astrangeplant!Iveneverseenitbefore.
A.WhichB.WhatC.HowD.Whether
where
B
考查感嘆句。
句意:多么奇怪的植物??!我以前從沒見過。此處為“What+a/an十a(chǎn)dj.+n.+itis/was”的省略結(jié)構(gòu),故B項正確。
6.Itdoesn’tmatteriftheywanttocometoyourparty,_______?
A.doesn’titB.doesitC.don’ttheyD.dothey
B
考查反義疑問句。
反義疑問句的基本原則就是與主句主謂保持一致。陳述部分為否定,故附加部分為肯定,句意:他們是否來參加你的派對,沒有關(guān)系,是嗎?
7.Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,ifregularly,canimproveourhealth.
A.beingcarriedoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout
C
本題考查if條件句中的省略情況。
本句的句子的主語是theexperiment;謂語動詞是shows;that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,賓語從句的主干事:properamountsofexercisecanimproveourhealth,if_____regularly是插入的條件從句,從句的主語是properamountsofexercise,此時應(yīng)用it代替前面提到的主語,條件句的主語與主句的主語一致,并且含有is,故省略了itis,完整形式是:ifitiscarriedout。句意為:這項實驗表明,適當(dāng)?shù)倪\動,如果有規(guī)律的進(jìn)行,能夠有助于我們的身體健康。
8.Notuntilhelefthishome______toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.
AdidhebeginBhadhebegunChebeganDhehadbegun
A
考查倒裝。
notuntil放在句首要用部分倒裝,翻譯為直到,所以begin發(fā)生在left之后或同時發(fā)生
9.YouandIcouldhardlyworktogether,?
A.couldyouB.couldn’tIC.couldn’tweD.couldwe
D
反義疑問句的用法。
根據(jù)陳述部分是肯定形式,疑問部分用否定形式;反之。陳述部分中含有否定詞hardly,故疑問部分用肯定形式,主語是youandI。故應(yīng)選D。
10.Accordingtostatistics,amanismorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancer_________awoman.
A.thanB.suchC.soD.as
D
比較級的結(jié)構(gòu)
比較級的結(jié)構(gòu),as…..as,注意句中的morethan只是修飾twice
11.—Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?
—Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder.
A.astoldB.asaretoldC.astellingD.astheytold
A
此題考查狀語從句的省略
astold=astheyweretold,此處是as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句的省略。當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語一致,且謂語動詞含有be時,將從句的主語和be省略。又因為workers與tell之間是被動關(guān)系,排除C、D。
12.Billwasn’thappyaboutthedelayofthereportbyJason,and______.
A.IwasneitherB.neitherwasIC.IwaseitherD.eitherwasI
B
本題考查倒裝。
句意為:Bill對Jason耽誤了報告的事不高興,我也是(我也不高興)。表示“某人也不……時”,應(yīng)該用“neither/nor+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”。
三年模擬
A組全國模擬題組
1.(浙江省杭州十四中高三3月月考,8)________thisproblem,theydon’tknowhowtodealwithit.
A.FaceB.FacedC.FacingD.Tobefaced
2.(浙江省重點中學(xué)協(xié)作體高三第二學(xué)期3月調(diào)研試題,6)_____readnewspapersforpleasure,butalsotoimprovetheirminds.
A.NotonlyoldmenB.Notonlyoldmendo
C.NotonlydooldmenD.Oldmennotonlydo
3.(浙江省部分重點中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期2月聯(lián)考,5)OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItaly,________howmuchIlovedthem.
A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealize
4.(浙江省東陽市南馬高中高三下學(xué)期入學(xué)考試,16)______howmirrorsproduceimage,weneedtoknowwhatlightdoes.
A.UnderstandingB.UnderstoodC.TounderstandD.Havingunderstood
5.(浙江省奉化市第二中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第三次月考,6)Itisalwaysthose_____forgivefirst_______achievemorehappiness.
A.不填;andB.who;andC.who;thatD.that;but
6.(浙江省杭州市高三第一次高考教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測,19)
—HowmanystudentswillattendJames’course?
—Isupposetherewillbenotmorethanten,,foritistooabstract.
A.ifsoB.ifpossibleC.ifanyD.ifever
7.(浙江省杭州市西湖高級中學(xué)高三3月月考,17)________,hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes.
A.AlthoughmuchhelikeherB.Muchalthoughhelikesher
C.AshelikeshermuchD.Muchashelikesher
8.(浙江省嘉興市高三下學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢查(二),1)
---Nicetomeetyou.YoucancallmeSarah.
---Oh,!MynameisSarah,too.Wehavethesamename.
A.whatashameB.whatasmallworld
C.whatajokeD.whatacoincidence
9.(金華十校高考模擬考試,14)Theschoollibraryprovidesavarietyofbooks,_______theywillmeettheneedsofdifferentstudents.
A.tohopeB.hopeC.hopedD.hoping
10.(浙江省寧波市高三上學(xué)期期末試題,18)Onnoaccount_______tellhimaboutourplans.
A.youmustB.youcanC.canyouD.mustyou
11.(浙江省紹興市第一中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期回頭望考試題,11)Idon’tthinkmymotherwillcometoShaoxing,butincaseshe______,IwillaskforafewdaystoshowheraroundtheEastLake.
A.willB.wouldC.didD.does
12.(浙江省名校新高考研究聯(lián)盟第一次聯(lián)考,3)Weweretoldnottotouchtheequipmentinthelaboratoryunless________.
A.allowedtodoB.allowingtodoC.allowedtoD.allowingto
B組2010-全國模擬題組
1.(浙江省高考模擬卷,6)______tothevictimsinthemud-flowstruckareas,youcancontactthelocalcharityorganizations.
A.ContributingB.TocontributeC.BeingcontributeD.Contributed
2.(溫州中學(xué)高三年級第一次模擬考試,35)Inmyopinion,learningislifelongandthemoreknowledgeyouget_______.
A.themoreforlifeareyouequippedB.themoreequippedforlifeyouare
C.themorelifeyouareequippedforD.youareequippedthemorelife
3.(浙江省紹興市高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)測,11)ThelatesteditionofHarryPotterisasattractiveasthepreviouseditions.,itismorethrilling.
A.IfanythingB.IfsomethingC.IfnecessaryD.Ifso
4.(浙江省高考考試樣卷,6)Ifnot_______,you’reallowedtoreturneverythingwithin10daysforafullrefundandnofurtherduties.
A.tosatisfyB.beingsatisfiedC.satisfiedD.satisfying
5.(浙江省高三模擬考試試題(一),23)
—Doyouknow____the2011XiamenInternationalMarathonwasheld?
—OnJanuary2.
A.whenitwasthatB.whenwasitthat
C.whatitwasthatD.whatwasitthat
6.(浙江省富陽二中高三3月月考,6)ItisthebestplayIhaveeverseen,andneverbefore_______afilmofsohighquality.
A.IsawB.haveIseenC.didIseeD.Ihaveseen
7.(浙江省溫州二中高三上學(xué)期期中,11)_______up,theyoungmanfoundhimselfcoveredwitharedblanket.
A.WakeB.WakingC.WakesD.woke
8.(浙江省瑞安中學(xué)高三暑期總結(jié)性測試,10)Onlywhenyouleaveyourparentsforcollegeeducation_______howmuchyoulovethem.
A.doyourealizeB.yourealizeC.youwillrealizeD.willyourealize
9.(溫州市學(xué)年高三八校聯(lián)考英語試卷,6)NotuntilIwentthroughhispaper_________whatrapidprogresshehadmadeinwriting.
A.IdidfindB.didIfindC.IhadfoundD.wasIfound
10.(溫州中學(xué)學(xué)年第一學(xué)期第一次月考,12)______withsomeresearchfindings,Idecidedonthreepossibleapproaches.
A.PreparingB.Havingprepared
C.ToprepareD.Prepared
高三英語教案:《代詞復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計
老師職責(zé)的一部分是要弄自己的教案課件,大家在認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備自己的教案課件了吧。只有制定教案課件工作計劃,才能對工作更加有幫助!你們知道多少范文適合教案課件?考慮到您的需要,小編特地編輯了“高三英語教案:《代詞復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計”,大家不妨來參考。希望您能喜歡!
本文題目:高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)教案:代詞復(fù)習(xí)教案
一、人稱代詞是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我們"、"你們"、"他們"的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化,見下表:
數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
格 主格 賓格 主格 賓格
第一人稱 I me we us
第二人稱 you you you you
第三人稱 he him they them
she her they them
it it they them
例如:He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。
It's me. 是我。
二、 物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的代詞,也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種,其人物和數(shù)的變化見下表。
數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
形容詞性物主代詞 my your his/her/its our your their
名詞性物主代詞 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs
例如: I like his car. 我喜歡他的小汽車。
Our school is here,and theirs is there. 我們的學(xué)校在這兒,他們的在那兒。
三、 指示代詞表示"那個"、"這個"、"這些"、"那些"等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this,that,these,those等。
例如:That is a good idea. 那是個好主意。
四、 表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我們自己"、"你們自己"和"他們自己"等的代詞,叫做自身代詞,也稱為
"反身代詞"。
例如:She was talking to herself. 她自言自語。
五、 表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫相互代詞,有each other 和one another兩組,但在運用中,這兩組詞沒什么大的區(qū)別。
例如:They love each other.他們彼此相愛。
六、 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常見的不定代詞有a11,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代詞,如anybody, something,no one。這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞,在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語,但none和由some,any,no等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞只能作主語、賓語或表語;every和no只能作定語。
例如:--- Do you have a car? --你有一輛小汽車嗎?
--- Yes,I have one. --是的,我有一輛。
--- I don't know any of them. 他們,我一個也不認(rèn)識。
七、 疑問代詞有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句。疑問代詞都可用作連接代詞,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句)
例如:Tell me who he is. 告訴我他是誰。
八、 關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。它們在定語從句中可作主語、
表語、賓語、定語等;另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞(先行詞)。
例如:He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那個人。
3.1 人稱代詞的用法
1)人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語或主語補(bǔ)語。例如:
John waited a while but eventually he went home. 約翰等了一會兒,最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她。
說明:在復(fù)合句中,如果主句和從句主語相同,代詞主語要用在從句中,名詞主語用在主句中。例如:
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 約翰一到就直接去銀行了。
2)人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語或介詞賓語,但在口語中也能作主語補(bǔ)語,第一人稱在省略句中,還可以作主語。
例如: I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他們在一起,至少我認(rèn)為是她。(her做賓語,them做介詞賓語,her做主語補(bǔ)語)
a. -- Who broke the vase? --誰打碎了花瓶?
b. -- Me. --我。(me做主語補(bǔ)語= It's me.)
說明:在上面兩例句中,her和me分別作主語補(bǔ)語。現(xiàn)代英語中多用賓格,在正式文體中這里應(yīng)為she和I。
3.2 人稱代詞之主、賓格的替換
1) 賓格代替主格
a.在簡短對話中,當(dāng)人稱代詞單獨使用或在not 后,多用賓語。
---- I like English. --我喜歡英語。
---- Me too. --我也喜歡。
---- Have more wine? --再來點酒喝嗎?
---- Not me. --我可不要了。
b.在表示比較的非正式的文體中,常用賓格代替主格。 但如果比較狀語的謂語保留,則主語只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.
2) 主格代替賓格
a. 在介詞but,except 后,有時可用主格代替賓格。
b. 在電話用語中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和瑪麗通話。
---- This is she. --我就是瑪麗。
注意:在動詞be 或to be 后的人稱代詞視其前面的名詞或代詞而定。
I thought it was she. 我以為是她。(主格----主格)
I thought it to be her. (賓格----賓格)
I was taken to be she.我被當(dāng)成了她。 (主格----主格)
They took me to be her. 他們把我當(dāng)成了她。 (賓格----賓格)
3.3 代詞的指代問題
1)不定代詞 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one, 及whoever和person在正式場合使用時,可用he, his, him代替。
例如: Nobody came, did he? 誰也沒來,是嗎?
2)動物名詞的指代一般用it或they代替,有時也用he, she,帶有親切的感情色彩。
例如: Give the cat some food. She is hungry. 給這貓一些吃的。她餓了。
3)指代車或國家,船舶的名詞,含感情色彩時常用she。
3.4 并列人稱代詞的排列順序
1)單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時,其順序為:第二人稱-> 第三人稱 -> 第一人稱,即you-> he/she; it -> I。
例如:You, he and I should return on time.
2) 復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語時,其順序為:第一人稱 -> 第二人稱 -> 第三人稱,即we ->you->they。
注意: 在下列情況中,第一人稱放在前面。
a. 在承認(rèn)錯誤,承擔(dān)責(zé)任時,
It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和約翰惹她生氣了。
b. 在長輩對晚輩,長官對下屬說話時,如長官為第一人稱,
如:I and you try to finish it. 我和你去弄好它。
c. 并列主語只有第一人稱和第三人稱時。
d. 當(dāng)其他人稱代詞或名詞被定語從句修飾時。
3.5 物主代詞
1)物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用。例如:
John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.
約翰割破了手指,顯而易見,他桌子上有個破玻璃杯。
物主代詞有形容詞性(my, your等)和名詞性(mine, yours等)兩種,形容詞性的物主代詞屬于限定詞。名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于省略了中心名詞的--'s屬格結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
Jack's cap 意為The cap is Jack's。
His cap 意為The cap is his。
2) 名詞性物主代詞的句法功能
a. 作主語。例如:
May I use your pen? Yours works better. 我可以用一用你的鋼筆嗎?你的比我的好用。
b. 作賓語。例如:
I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我深愛我的祖國就像你深愛你的祖國一樣。
c. 作介詞賓語。例如:
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.
你應(yīng)當(dāng)按我所用的詞義去解釋我說的話,而不能按你自己的去解釋。
d. 作主語補(bǔ)語。例如:
The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命屬于你,屬于你,屬于你。
3.6 雙重所有格
物主代詞不可與 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等詞一起前置,修飾一個名詞,而必須用雙重所有格。公式為:a, an, this, that +名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。例如:a friend of mine, each brother of his.
3.7 .反身代詞
1) 1) 列表
數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
人稱代詞 I you he/she/it we you they
反身代詞 myself yourself yourself/herself/himself ourselves yourselves themselves
另外:one的反身代詞為oneself
2)做賓語
a. 有些動詞需有反身代詞,如absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave等。例如:
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我們昨晚玩得很開心。
Please help yourself to some fish. 請你隨便吃點魚。
b. 用于及物動詞+賓語+介詞,如take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth等。例如:
I could not dress(myself)up at that time. 那個時候我不能打扮我自己。
注:有些動詞后不跟反身代詞,如:get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。例如:
Please sit down. 請坐。
3) 用作表語,如結(jié)構(gòu)be oneself。例如:
I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。
4) 用作同位語
The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。
5) 在不強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況下,but, except, for 等介詞后賓語用反身代詞或人稱代詞賓格均可。如:No one but myself(me)is hurt.
注意:
a. 反身代詞本身不能單獨作主語。
(錯) Myself drove the car.
(對) I myself drove the car. 我自己開車。
b. 但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語中,第二個主語可用反身代詞,特別是myself 作主語。例如:
Charles and myself saw it. 查爾斯和我看見了這件事。
3.8 相互代詞
1)相互代詞只有each other和one another兩個詞組。他們表示句中動詞所敘述的動作或感覺在涉及的各個對象之間是相互存在的。例如:
It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.
顯而易見,不同文化的人總是相互借鑒的。
2)相互代詞的句法功能:
a. 作動詞賓語;
People should love one another. 人們應(yīng)當(dāng)彼此相愛。
b. 可作介詞賓語;
Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other. 吠、雞鳴、蛙兒對唱。
說明:傳統(tǒng)語法認(rèn)為,相互關(guān)系存在于兩個人或物之間用each other, 存在于兩個以上人和物之間用one another。現(xiàn)代英語中,兩組詞交替使用的實例也很多。例如:
He put all the books beside each other/one another. 他把所有書并列擺放起來。
Usually these small groups were independent of each other. 這些小團(tuán)體通常是相互獨立的。
c. 相互代詞可加-'s構(gòu)成所有格。例如:
The students borrowed each other's notes. 學(xué)生們互借筆記。
3.9 指示代詞
1) 指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞。例如:
單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
限定詞 This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.
代詞 This is Mary. Those are my teachers.
2) 指示代詞的句法功能;
a. 作主語。例如:
This is the way to do it. 這事兒就該這樣做。
b. 作賓語。例如:
I like this better than that. 我喜歡這個甚至那個。
c. 作主語補(bǔ)語。例如:
My point is this. 我的觀點就是如此。
d. 作介詞賓語。例如:
I don't say no to that. 我并未拒絕那個。
There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。
說明1:指示代詞在作主語時可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分時只能指物,不能指人。例如:
(對)That is my teacher. 那是我的老師。(that作主語,指人)
(對)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和這個姑娘結(jié)婚。(this作限定詞)
(錯)He is going to marry this. (this作賓語時不能指人)
(對)I bought this. 我買這個。(this指物,可作賓語)
說明2:That和those可作定語從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能,同時,在作先行詞時,只有those可指人,試比較:
(對) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。
(對) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)
(錯) He admired that who danced well. (that作賓語時不能指人)
(對) He admired those who danced well. 他贊賞跳舞好的人。(those指人)
(對) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。(those指物)
3.10 疑問代詞
1) 疑問代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來構(gòu)成疑問句。疑問代詞有下列幾個:
指人: who, whom, whose
指物: what
既可指人又可指物: which
2) 疑問代詞在句中應(yīng)位于謂語動詞之前,沒有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒有格的變化。what, which, whose還可作限定詞。試比較:
疑問代詞:Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的書是誰的?
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美國的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張是朝哪個方向的?
限定詞:Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的書是誰的?
What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?
哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬于美國?
說明1:無論是做疑問代詞還是限定詞,which 和 what 所指的范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無限的,而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi)。例如:
Which girls do you like best? 你喜歡哪幾個姑娘?
What girls do you like best? 你喜歡什么樣的姑娘?
說明2:Whom是who的賓格,在書面語中,它作動詞賓語或介詞賓語,在口語中作賓語時,可用who代替,但在介詞后只能用whom, 例如:
Who(m)did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了誰?(作動詞賓語)
Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把這書帶給誰?(作介詞賓語,置句首)
To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校園里和誰講話了?(作介詞賓語,置介詞后,不能用who取代。)
說明3: 疑問代詞用于對介詞賓語提問時,過去的文體中介詞和疑問代詞通常一起放在句首,現(xiàn)代英語中,疑問代詞在句首,介詞在句末。例如:
For what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(舊文體)
What are you looking for? 你在找什么?(現(xiàn)代英語)
說明4: 疑問代詞還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如:
I can't make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 你能告訴我床上的藍(lán)襯衣是誰的嗎?
Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
你說的我大部分同意,但并不完全贊同。
3.11. 關(guān)系代詞
1) 關(guān)系代詞用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。它代表先行詞,同時在從句中作一定的句子成分。例如:
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我講話的姑娘是我表妹。
該句中whom既代表先行詞the girl,又在從句中作介詞to的賓語。
2) 關(guān)系代詞有主格,賓格和屬格之分,并有指人與指物之分。在限定性定語從句中,that 可指人也可指物,見表:
指人 指物 指人或指物
主 格 who which that
賓 格 whom that that
屬 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose
例如:This is the pencil whose point is broken. 這就是那枝折了尖的鉛筆。(whose 指物,在限定性定語從句中作定語)
He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回來取他丟下的書。(which指物,在限定性定語從句中作賓語,可以省略)
說明:非限定性定語從句中,不能用that作關(guān)系代詞。
3) 關(guān)系代詞which的先行詞可以是一個句子。例如:
He said he saw me there, which was a lie. 他說在那兒看到了我,純屬謊言。
說明: 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省略。另外,關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作表語時也可省略,例如:
I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew. 我過去懂拉丁語,現(xiàn)在大都忘了。
He's changed. He's not the man he was. 他變化很大,已不是過去的他了。
3.12 every , no, all, both, neither, nor
1)不定代詞有all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。
2)不定代詞的功能與用法
a. 除every 和no外不定代詞既可用作名詞,也可用作形容詞。every和no在句中只能作定語。例如:
I have no idea about it. 我不知該咋辦。
b. all 都,指三者以上。all 的主謂一致:all的單復(fù)數(shù)由它所修飾或指代的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如:
All goes well. 一切進(jìn)展得很好。
all 通常不與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,如:不說 all the book,而說 the whole book。
但all可與表時間的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,如 all day,all night, all the year;但習(xí)慣上不說 all hour,all century。
all還可以與一些特殊的單數(shù)名詞連用,如 all China,all the city,all my life,all the way
3)both 都,指兩者。
a. both 與復(fù)數(shù)動詞連用,但 both… and…可與單數(shù)名詞連用。
b. both, all 都可作同位語,其位置在行為動詞前, be 動詞之后。如果助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面的實義動詞省去,則位于助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之前。例如:
Who can speak Japanese? 誰能講日本話?
We both(all)can. 我們都不會。
4)neither 兩者都不
a. neither作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
b. 作定語與單數(shù)名詞連用,但neither… nor 用作并列連詞,可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用。其謂語采用就近原則。
c. 可用于下列句型,避免重復(fù)。例如:
She can't sing,neither(can)he. 她不會唱歌,他也不會。
5)neither 與nor 的比較
a. 如前句是否定式從句,則主句用neither,而不用 nor。例如:
If you don't do it,neither should I. 如果你不干,我也不干。
b. 如后連續(xù)有幾個否定句式,則用nor,不用neither。例如:
He can't sing,nor dance,nor skate. 他不會唱歌,不會跳舞,也不會滑冰。
3.13 none, few, some, any, one, ones
一、 none 無
1) none作主語,多與of 構(gòu)成短語 none of。 在答語中,none可單獨使用。例如:
Are there any pictures on the wall? 墻上有畫嗎?
None. 沒。
2) none作主語,謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)均可。但如做表語,則其單復(fù)數(shù)與表語一致。例如:
It is none of your business. 閑事莫管。
二、few 一些,少數(shù)
few 作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),多用于肯定句。
三、some 一些
1) 可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連用。
2) 當(dāng)做"某一"解時,也可與單數(shù)名詞連用。(= a certain)
You will be sorry for this some day. 總有一天,你會為此后悔的。
A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule. 有些人不同意你的看法。
注意:
(1)在肯定疑問句中用some代替any。
(2)some用于其他句式中:
a.肯定疑問句中:說話人認(rèn)為對方的答案會是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答時。
Would you like句式中,表委婉請求或建議。例如:
Would you like some coffee? 喝咖啡嗎?
b.在條件狀語從句中表示確定的意義時。例如:
If you need some help,let me know. 需要幫助,跟我說。
c.some位于主語部分。例如:
Some students haven't been there before. 有些學(xué)生沒去過那兒。
d.當(dāng)否定的是整體中的部分時,some可用于否定句。例如:
I haven't heard from some of my old friends these years. 這些年我沒有收到一些老朋友的信。
四、any 一些
1) any 多用于否定句和疑問句和條件狀語從句中。
當(dāng)句中含有任何的意思時,any可用于肯定句。
Here are three novels. You may read any. 這有三本小說,你可任讀一本。
五、one, 復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones
ones必須和形容詞連用。如果替代的名詞時無形容詞在前,則用some, any,而不用ones。例如:
Have you bought any rulers? 買尺了嗎?
Yes, I 've bought some. 買了,買了幾把。
3.14 one,that 和it
one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that與所指名詞為同類,但不是同一個,而it 與所指名詞為同一個。例如:
I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我該去買一頂。
The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同類但不同個)你買的那頂帽子比我買的大。
I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.( 同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。
3.15 one/another/the other
one… the other 只有兩個
some… the others 有三個以上
one… another,another…
some… others,others…
others = other people/things
the others = the rest 剩余的全部
1) 泛指另一個用another。
2) 一定范圍內(nèi)兩人(物),一個用one,另一個用the other。
3) 一定范圍內(nèi)三者,一個用one,另一個用one (another),第三個可用the other,a third。
4) 一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others。
5) 泛指別的人或物時,用others當(dāng)在一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部時,也用others。
3.16 “the”的妙用
He is one of the students who help me.
He is the one of the students who helps me. 他是幫我的學(xué)生之一。
第一句定語從句與the students 一致。
第二句定語從句與the one 一致。
3.17 anyone/any one;no one/none;every/each
1.anyone 和 any one
anyone僅指人,any one既可指人,也可指物。
2.no one 和none
a) none 后跟of短語,既可指人又可指物,而no one只單獨使用,只指人。
b) none 作主語,謂語動詞用單,復(fù)數(shù)均可,而no one作主語謂語動詞只能是單數(shù)。例如:
None of you could lift it. 你們中沒有人可舉起它。
---- Did any one call me up just now? --剛才有人打電話給我嗎?
---- No one. --沒有。
3.every 和each
1) every 強(qiáng)調(diào)全體的概念, each強(qiáng)調(diào)個體概念。例如:
Every student in our school works hard. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。
Each student may have one book.. 每個學(xué)生都可有一本書。
2) every 指三個以上的人或物(含三個),each指兩個以上的人或物 (含兩個)。
3) every 只作形容詞,不可單獨使用。each可作代詞或形容詞。例如:
Every boy has to take one. 每個男孩必須取一個。
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
4) every不可以作狀語,each可作狀語。
5) every 有反復(fù)重復(fù)的意思,如 every two weeks等; each沒有。
6) every 與not 連用,表示部分否定; each 和not連用表示全部否定。例如:
Every man is not honest. 并非每個人都誠實。
Each man is not honest. 這兒每個人都不誠實。
3.18 both, either, neither, all, any, none
這些詞都可用作代詞或形容詞。其位置都在be 動詞之后,行為動詞之前或第一個助動詞之后。
1) both (兩者都),either(兩者中任何一個),neither (兩者都不)。以上詞使用范圍為兩個人或物。例如:
Neither of the two boys is clever. 兩個男孩都不聰明。
2) both,either
both與復(fù)數(shù)連用,either與單數(shù)連用。例如:
Both the boys are clever. 兩個男孩都很聰明。
Either of the two boys is clever.
There are flowers on both sides of the street. 路邊長滿了野花。
There are flowers on either side of the street.
3) all (所有的,全部的人或物),any (任何一個), none (都不)。 以上詞使用范圍為三者以上。例如:
All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都謝了。
I don't like any of the flowers. 這些花我都不喜歡。
I like none of the flowers. 這些花我都不喜歡。
注意:all與none用法一樣。跟單數(shù)名詞,用單數(shù)動詞;跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,用復(fù)數(shù)動詞。例如:
All of the students are there. 所有的學(xué)生都在那。
All (of) the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。
3.19 many, much
Many,much都意為"許多", many + 可數(shù)名詞,much + 不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
How many people are there at the meeting? 多少人出席了會議。
How much time has we left? 還剩多少時間?
Many of the workers were at the meeting.許多工人在開會。
Much of the time was spent on learning.學(xué)習(xí)上化了許多時間。
3.20 few, little, a few, a little
(a) few + 可數(shù)名詞, (a) little + 不可數(shù)名詞
a few / a little 為肯定含義,還有一點
few / little 為否定含義,沒有多少了。例如:
He has a few friends. 他有幾個朋友。
He has few friends. 他幾乎沒有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我們還有點時間。
There is little time left. 幾乎沒剩下什么時間了。
固定搭配:only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many) many a (=many)。例如:
Many books were sold.
Many a book was sold. 賣出了許多書。
典型例題:
Although he 's wealthy,he spends___ on clothes.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
答案: A. spend所指的是錢,不可數(shù),只能用little或 a little. 本句為although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,由句意知后句為否定含義,因此應(yīng)用little表示幾乎不。
高三英語教案:《Art復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計
一名愛崗敬業(yè)的教師要充分考慮學(xué)生的理解性,高中教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案為之后的教學(xué)做準(zhǔn)備。教案可以讓上課時的教學(xué)氛圍非?;钴S,幫助高中教師營造一個良好的教學(xué)氛圍。關(guān)于好的高中教案要怎么樣去寫呢?下面是小編精心為您整理的“高三英語教案:《Art復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計”,希望能對您有所幫助,請收藏。
本文題目:高三英語一單元復(fù)習(xí)教案:Art復(fù)習(xí)教案
1、aim n. & v.
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
(1) She went to London with the aim of finding a job.
(2) He took aim at the bird,fired and missed it.
(3) I drove fast,aiming for / at catching the last bus.
(4) The hunter aimed at the lion and fired.
根據(jù)語義找匹配
A. 目標(biāo),目的 (n.) B. 瞄準(zhǔn) (n.)
C. 瞄準(zhǔn),對準(zhǔn) (v.) D. 意欲,旨在 (v.)
(1) A (2) B (3) D (4) C
without aim 漫無目的地
with the aim of 以期……,意在……
achieve one's aim 達(dá)到目的
miss one's aim 希望落空,失敗
take aim at 向……瞄準(zhǔn) aim at 瞄準(zhǔn)
aim at(for) doing sth./aim to do sth. 旨在做某事
be aimed at 目的是,旨在……
aimless adj. 無目的的 aimlessly adv. 無目的地
用aim的適當(dāng)形式填空
A person with the (1) aim (n.) of being a success should always do things (2) aiming (v.) at what he has (3) aimed (v.) for. Though sometimes he will be (4) aimless (adj.) not knowing what to do; but when he realize what he is (5) aimed (v.) at and make firm steps, he will in time achieve his (6) aim (n.).
2、adopt vt.
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
(1) My mother was adopted when she was four.
(2) Our school has adopted a new teaching method.
根據(jù)語義找匹配:A. 收養(yǎng),領(lǐng)養(yǎng) B. 采用
(1) A (2) B
adopt an approach / strategy / policy采用某方法 / 戰(zhàn)略 / 政策
an adopted son 養(yǎng)子
用adopt的適當(dāng)形式填空
When Tracy discovered that she was an (1) adopted ( adj. ) child, she felt depressed. She thought for two days and then decided to (2) adopt (v.) her best friend Charlie's suggestion — to find her birth mother.
3、possession n.
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
(1)The car Tom was in_possession_of was once in_the_possession_of his uncle.
(2)The finance company now has_possession_of the house.
(3)We lost_all_our_possessions in the terrible earthquake.
根據(jù)語義找匹配:A. 失去了所有財產(chǎn) B. 擁有…… C. 擁有……的所有權(quán) D.為……所有
(1) B;D (2) C (3) A
in the possession of 為……所占有
in one's possession 為某人所占有
take possession of 占有,擁有
have possession of 占有
possessions 財產(chǎn)(用復(fù)數(shù)) possess vt. 控制,占有
possess sb. of 使某人擁有 be possessed of 擁有
用possess的適當(dāng)形式填空
With his business going on well, he was at first (1) possessed (v.) of big houses, cars; and later he took (2) possession (n.) of stocks of different companies. Then, he found that everything he dreamed of was in his (3) possession (n.). But he was told that the meaning and success of life was not measured by the (4) possessions (n.) he had, but the devotion he made to the society.
4、score n. & v.
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
(1) My score on the test was 85.
(2) A score of people was found missing in the storm.
(3) He scored high in the IQ test.
根據(jù)語義找匹配:A. 分?jǐn)?shù) B. 20 C. 得分
(1) A (2) B (3) C
scores of 許多,大量 a score of 20個
three score eggs60個雞蛋
three score of these eggs 這些雞蛋中的60個
表示“20”,其復(fù)數(shù)形式通常不加-s,且其后一般不接介詞of。當(dāng)其后的名詞前有the,these,those等表示特定的限定詞修飾時,或當(dāng)其后接us,them,you等人稱代詞時,score 后加of。
單項填空
()______ the engineers are watching over the project.
A. Scores of B. Three scores
C. Scores D. Three score of
D 句意:這些工程師中的60人正在視察這項工程。如果選擇A項,則要去掉engineers前面的定冠詞“the”;B項缺少of,且score不能用復(fù)數(shù)。
5、attempt n. & vt.
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
(1)I let them talk on, without_any_attempt_to interrupt them.
(2)She made_every_attempt_to go.
(3)They attempted_to finish the work within a month.
(4)They have_attempted a difficult task.
根據(jù)語義找匹配:A. 不想做…… B. 試圖做……
C. 開始(任務(wù)) D. 千方百計地
(1) A (2) D (3) B (4) C
make an attempt to do sth.試圖做某事
make an attempt on試圖對……攻擊
in an attempt to do sth. 嘗試做某事
attempt sth. / to do / doing sth. 企圖做某事
attempted adj. 企圖的,未遂的
用attempt的適當(dāng)形式填空
A hungry lion make several (1) attempts(n.) on the bull without success. It seemed that neither of them was to give up. Again, the lion (2) attempted (v.) to kill his prey but still failed. It was a long and hard work.
6、specific adj. & n.
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
(1) I gave you specific instructions.
(2) The money was collected for a specific purpose.
(3) Aspirin is a specific for headache.
根據(jù)語義找匹配:A. 具體的 B. 特效藥 C. 特定的
(1) A (2) C (3) B
a specific aim一個特定的目標(biāo)
a specific remedy 一種特定的療法
specifically adv. 明確地,具體地,特意地
specification n. 詳述; 說明書
用specific的適當(dāng)形式填空
As I (1) specifically (adv.) mentioned last time, we should never start doing something without a (2) specific (adj.) purpose; or you are likely to fail. You will then feel sorry but there is no (3) specific (n.) for regret.
7、figure n. & v.
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
(1)How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much?
(2)Where did you get these figures?
(3)He was one of the leading political figures of this century.
(4)I can't figure_out why he quit his job.
根據(jù)語義找匹配:A. 想出 (v.) B. 人物 (n.) C. 數(shù)字、數(shù)據(jù)(n.) D. 體形(n.)
(1) D (2) C (3) B (4) A
keep one's figure 保持體型
a political figure 一位政治要人
figure out想出,理解
用figure的適當(dāng)形式填空
Being a popular social (1) figure (n.), she always had to appear with a fine (2)figure(n.) and (3)figured (v.)out ways to attract the attention of the majority.
8、appeal v.&n.
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
(1)The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime.
(2)The opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics appealed to the audience all over the world.
(3)He appealed to his friends for support.
(4)This case was appealed to a higher case.
(5)She made her last appeal to his mother to forgive her.
根據(jù)語義找匹配:A. 上訴(vt.) B. 有感染力,吸引(vi.) C. 呼吁(vi.) D. 懇求(n.) E. 求助(vi.)
(1) C (2) B (3) E (4) A (5) D
appeal to sb. for sth. 呼吁某人某事
appeal to sb. 吸引某人
appeal to sb. to do sth.呼吁某人做某事
appeal for sth. 懇求,呼吁
用appeal的適當(dāng)形式填空
In his (1) appeal (n.) to me for help, he said something (2) appealing (adj.). But for his bad reputation, his words didn't seem to (3) appeal (v.) to me.
9、by coincidence
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
(1)By_coincidence,_the day I got married was the same as the day my close friend John married.
(2)What do you think of the coincidence of two accidents?
根據(jù)語義找匹配:A. 巧合地 B. 巧合 (n.)
(1)A (2)B
be coincident with 與……一致,巧合的
用coincidence的適當(dāng)形式填空
The agent's sudden disappearance was (1) coincident with his sudden death, which Tom thought was not just (2) by coincidence.
() 1. (2008?江西) Jack is late again. It is ______ of him to keep others waiting.
A. normal B. ordinary
C. common D. typical
A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. (P2)
D 考查形容詞的辨析。normal 正常的;ordinary 普通的;common常見的; typical典型的,代表性的。根據(jù)句意可知,只有D 項符合題意。
() 2. (2008?上海春)Some people maintain that watching violence on TV is one of the major causes of ______ behavior and crime in society.
A. childish B. artificial
C. aggressive D. heroic
C 考查形容詞辨析。childish 孩子般的,幼稚的; artificial 人工的; heroic英雄的,英勇的;aggressive有進(jìn)取心的;侵略的,好斗的。句意為:有些人堅持認(rèn)為常看電視上呈現(xiàn)的暴力鏡頭是造成社會上好斗行為及犯罪的主要原因之一。
Sally is not an aggressive person. (P5)
() 3. (2010?湖北)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them.
A. in preference to B. in place of
C. in agreement with D. in exchange for
Frick had a preference for pre-twentieth century Western paintings, and these are well-represented in this excellent collection. (P6)
D 考查介詞短語辨析。in preference to優(yōu)先于;in place of代替;in agreement with同意,與……一致;in exchange for交換。句意為:公務(wù)員向人索取錢物作為提供便利代價的行為是違法的。
() 4. (2009?安徽)China has got a good ______ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.
A. reputation B. influence
C. impression D. knowledge
A 考查名詞辨析。have a good reputation for 因……有好名聲。 have influence / impression與on 搭配。have a good knowledge of 對……很熟悉,通曉。根據(jù)句意,中國由于其在抗擊流感方面的精心而有序的組織廣受好評。
The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection. (P6)