小學(xué)三年英語(yǔ)教案

高三英語(yǔ)教案：《冠詞備考復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)。

俗話說(shuō)，凡事預(yù)則立，不預(yù)則廢。高中教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案，這是高中教師的任務(wù)之一。教案可以讓學(xué)生們能夠更好的找到學(xué)習(xí)的樂(lè)趣，減輕高中教師們?cè)诮虒W(xué)時(shí)的教學(xué)壓力。優(yōu)秀有創(chuàng)意的高中教案要怎樣寫(xiě)呢？下面是小編精心為您整理的“高三英語(yǔ)教案：《冠詞備考復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)”，但愿對(duì)您的學(xué)習(xí)工作帶來(lái)幫助。

【重難點(diǎn)突破】

[概述] 冠詞是虛詞，不能單獨(dú)使用，位于名詞前，幫助指明名詞的含義。

(一)、不定冠詞a和an的用法

基本用法

(1)、用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示某一類(lèi)人或事物中的個(gè)體。

A teacher shouldn’t talk like that.

教師不應(yīng)當(dāng)這樣講話。

(2)、用于表示首次提到的某人或某物，但沒(méi)有具體說(shuō)明是誰(shuí)或是什么。(短文改錯(cuò)中常出現(xiàn))

(3)、用來(lái)表示“一”的概念，但不如one的數(shù)字概念強(qiáng)。

It took me a year to save up for a new coat.

我用了一年時(shí)間才省出錢(qián)買(mǎi)一件新大衣。

特殊用法

(1)、表示價(jià)錢(qián)、時(shí)間、速度等的“每一”(=per)。

---- It’s said John will be in a job paying over ,000 ______ year.

---- Right, he will also get paid by ______ week.(2011江西卷)

A.the; the B.a; the C.the; a D.a; a

(2)、在專(zhuān)有名詞前表示“某一個(gè)”、“類(lèi)似的一個(gè)”。

The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ________ people from all walks of life are working hard for ________ new Jiangsu. [2010?江蘇]

A./; a B./; the C.the; a D.the; the

Experts think that ______recently discovered painting may be ______ Picasso.(2011浙江卷)

A.the ;不填 B.a ;the C.a; 不填 D.the; a

(3)、用于序數(shù)詞前表示“又一”、“再一”。

First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression. [2010?北京]

A.a; the B.the; the C.a; a D.the; a

(4)、用于具體化了的抽象名詞前。

Generosity is a virtue.慷慨是一種美德。

(5)、在某些物質(zhì)名詞前表示一杯 / 罐 / 瓶/ 場(chǎng)/ 陣/ 種等。

There was a heavy snow yesterday. 昨天下了一場(chǎng)大雪。

(6)、用于most前，表示“非?！薄昂堋钡取?/p>

This is a most interesting story.

這是一個(gè)非常有趣的故事。

(7)、有的不可數(shù)名詞或本來(lái)應(yīng)該帶定冠詞(the)的名詞，由于受定語(yǔ)(尤其是形容詞)的修飾，其前一般要用不定冠詞或改用不定冠詞，表示某種狀態(tài)，此時(shí)的不定冠詞通常含有 a kind of 的意思。如：

have breakfast 吃早餐→have a quick breakfast吃快餐

the world 世界→a world like ours 像我們這樣的世界

有些不可數(shù)名詞即使受形容詞的修飾也不能用不定冠詞，容易弄錯(cuò)的有：news，advice，luck，fortune，work，fun，weather，homework，housework，information，behavior，harm，damage，progress，furniture，baggage，luggage，poetry，scenery等。

We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. (09安徽)u))

A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the ks5

(8)、兩個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用表示一個(gè)整體時(shí)，只用一個(gè)不定冠詞。

He is a teacher and poet. 他既是老師又是詩(shī)人。

There’s a horse and cart on the road. 路上有1輛馬車(chē)。

(9)、與副詞quite, rather連用時(shí)，a (an) 一般要后置。如：

這次聚會(huì)很成功。

誤：The party was a quite success.

正：The party was quite a success.

但若其后的名詞前有形容詞修飾，則a (an) 放在quite / rather之前或之后均可以。如：

這是一個(gè)頗為悲慘的故事。

正：It’s rather a sad story.

正：It’s a rather sad story

(10)、用于what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中

What pity that you couldn’t be there to receive prize!(09陜西)

A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the

(二)、定冠詞的用法

基本用法

(1)、特指上文已經(jīng)提到過(guò)的人或物。(常用語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò))

(2)、指談話雙方都熟悉的人或物。(常用語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò))

(3)、用來(lái)特指某(些)人或某(些)物。所特指的人或物常被短語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句修飾。

1.The theme of Expo 2010 was “Better City, Better Life”， representing ________ common wish of the whole humankind for ________ better living in future urban environments.

A.the; a B.a; a C./; the D.the; /

(4)、用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，表示該類(lèi)事物，相當(dāng)于a。

(5)、用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。

特殊用法

(1)、序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前通常要用定冠詞，副詞最高級(jí)前可用定冠詞;比較級(jí)若表特指也要用定冠詞限制。

As is know to all, People’s Republic of China is Biggest developing country in the world.(2011?陜西卷)

A.the ;不填 B.不填 ;the C.the ;the D.不填;不填

注：表示名次的序數(shù)詞前的定冠詞以及副詞最高級(jí)前的定冠詞通常可以省略。

(2)、用于某些專(zhuān)有名詞前如用于河流、海洋、山川、海島、海峽、沙漠等專(zhuān)有名詞前，以及用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成(或含有普通名詞)的專(zhuān)有名詞如國(guó)名、地名、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)、黨派、報(bào)紙、雜志、事件、建筑物等前如：

the Yellow River 黃河 the Red Sea 紅海

the Indian Ocean 印度洋 the Taiwan Straits 臺(tái)灣海峽

the Sahara (Desert) 撒哈拉大沙漠 the United States 美國(guó)

the Times 泰晤士報(bào) the Great Wall長(zhǎng)城

the Great Cultural Revolution 文化大革命

注：表示湖泊的專(zhuān)有名詞前通常不加定冠詞，但對(duì)于中國(guó)的湖泊則習(xí)慣上要加定冠詞，如 the Dongting Lake(洞庭湖)。

(3)、定冠詞有時(shí)可用于表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前，表示全家人或全家中兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人。

The Smiths are watching TV in the sitting room。

(4)、用在某些形容詞前，表示一類(lèi)人或事物。

如：the young 年輕人;the disabled 殘疾人

(5)、用在表示階級(jí)、黨派、方位、方向、樂(lè)器的名詞前。

如：in the north;play the piano;join the party

(6)、一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中

如：“the +比較級(jí)，the +比較級(jí)”，表示“越…..越…..’

(7)、在“動(dòng)詞+人+介詞+the+人體部位“結(jié)構(gòu)中要用the，而不用物主代詞。

如：hit sb on the head

(8)、固定短語(yǔ)

do the shopping 買(mǎi)東西

at the age of 在……歲時(shí)

make the beds 鋪床

all over the country(world)全國(guó)/全世界

by the way 順便

at the end of… 在……的盡頭

on the way home 在回家的路上

in the end 最后

in the front of 在前部

on the phone 用電話

on the other hand 一方面……另一方面

in the middle 在……中間

on the radio 通過(guò)無(wú)線電

at the moment 此刻

(三)零冠詞的用法

英語(yǔ)中，有些情況下名詞前不用冠詞，這種情況通常稱(chēng)為零冠詞。

(1)、用于表示泛指或一般意義的物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、專(zhuān)有名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞等之前。

Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the world. (09江西)

A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a

(2)、用于非特指的季節(jié)、月份、星期及三餐、球類(lèi)棋類(lèi)和游戲以及含 day 的節(jié)日前。

Monday comes before Tuesday. 星期二在星期一之后。

Won't you stay for lunch? 留在這兒吃午飯好嗎?

(3)、用于作表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)的惟一職位名詞前。

Dr.Peter Spemce, headmaster of the school,told us, fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.(2011?四川卷)

A./;A B./;The C. the; The D.a; A

(4)、用于表示“變成”的 turn / go 后作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)名詞前。

He was a teacher before he turned writer.

他成為作家之前是教師。

(5)、man作“人類(lèi)“講時(shí)，同human、mankind一樣不用冠詞。

(6)、用于某些用介詞 by 構(gòu)成的表方式的短語(yǔ)中。如：

by bus 乘公共汽車(chē) by plane / by air乘飛機(jī)

by land 走陸路 by sea 走海路

by phone 用電話 by letter 用信件

by post 用郵寄 by hand 用手工

(四)、固定搭配中有無(wú)冠詞的區(qū)別

(1). in front of 在……(外)的前面

in the front of 在……(內(nèi))的前面

(2). in charge of 掌管;負(fù)責(zé)

in the charge of 在……負(fù)責(zé)之下

(3). at table 在用飯;吃飯時(shí)

at the table 在桌旁

(4). by day 白天;日間

by the day 按日計(jì)

(5). take place 發(fā)生;舉行

take the place 代替;接替

注意：有些短語(yǔ)中，有無(wú)冠詞意義并無(wú)區(qū)別。如：at (the) least 至少; at (the) most 至多。

【高考真題剖析】

(2011?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷)33.It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.

A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; /

答案【A】 本題考查冠詞的基本用法， a boy 和a man都表示泛指，所以選擇答案A.

(2011?重慶卷)26.In communication, a smile is usually ___________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude.

A.the, / B.a, an C.a, / D.the, an

答案【C】本題考查冠詞的基本用法，a strong sign 表示泛指，attitude前已經(jīng)有冠詞a friendly and _______ open attitude。

【真題練習(xí)】

(09安徽)1. We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world.

A. a; a B. a; the

C. the; a D. the; the

【答案】A

(09北京)2. The biggest whale is ___ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ____ 9-story building.

A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a

【答案】B

(09江西)3. Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the world.

A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a

【答案】A 考查冠詞用法。Air pollution 是抽象名詞這里是泛指，weather 這里是特指全球的氣候，根據(jù)the weather around the world 可知。

(09海南)4. Let’s go to cinema-that’ll take your mind off the problem for while

A. the; the B. the; a

C. a; the D. a ; a

【答案】B。 考查冠詞的用法go to the cinema 表示具體的某地，for a while 固定搭配，表示“一會(huì)兒”。

(09陜西)5. What pity that you couldn’t be there to receive prize!

A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the

【答案】C 考查冠詞。第一空所填冠詞與上下文構(gòu)成固定句型what a pity that…，用不定冠詞a;第二空后名詞表示表特指，用定冠詞the，選C。

(09四川)6. In order to find _______ better job, he decided to study _________ second foreign language.

A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the

【答案】B 考查冠詞的用法。該題的意思是：為了找到一個(gè)更好的工作，他決定再學(xué)習(xí)另外一門(mén)外語(yǔ)。第一空表示泛指;第二空用a +序數(shù)詞+名詞表示又一，再一。

(09浙江)7.I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ______ rough idea of _____ project plan.

A. the; a B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the

【答案】D

(09重慶)8, Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become popular name.

A. a; the B. /; a

C. /; the D. the; a

【答案】B

(09全國(guó)2 )9. What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting.

A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the

【答案】D

(10福建)21. It’s good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.

A. 不填, a B. a, 不填 C. the, a D. a, the21. 答案：B

考點(diǎn)：冠詞的使用

解析：good feeling并非特指，故用a;pleasure是抽象名詞，無(wú)需冠詞。句意為“人們喜歡上海世博會(huì)給它們的快樂(lè)，這是(一)種不錯(cuò)的感覺(jué)” a good feeling , 一種不錯(cuò)的感覺(jué)，give sb pleasure。

(10山東)22. If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view.

A. 不填; the B. 不填;a C. the; a D. the;the

答案：C

考點(diǎn)： 本題考查冠詞在具體語(yǔ)境中的使用。

解析： 句意應(yīng)為“如果我們坐在公共汽車(chē)的前部，就會(huì)有更好的視野?！北硎尽澳晨臻g內(nèi)部的前部”時(shí)，front前要加定冠詞the; have a good view是習(xí)慣搭配，表示“視野開(kāi)闊，視野良好”之意;所以C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。

(10江蘇)21. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_______ people from all walks of life are working hard for_____ new Jiangsu.

A.不填; a B. 不填;the C. the; a D. the; the

選A. 第一空,來(lái)自社會(huì)各階層的人. 是不特指,不用冠詞. 第二空, 在Jiangsu 前有形容詞new 因此,應(yīng)加冠詞a.表示一個(gè)全新的江蘇

(10遼寧)22.There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _______ earth.

A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the（趣祝福 WWw.zFw152.COM）

答案：B

句意：太空中有超過(guò)58,000的巖狀物體，其中大約900有可能掉到地球上。

解析：考查冠詞。第一空in space 是固定短語(yǔ)，不用冠詞，第二空名詞earth屬于獨(dú)一無(wú)二事物的名詞，其前必須用定冠詞。

(10北京)35. First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get __ second chance to make __ first impression.

A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a

35. 答案：A

考點(diǎn): 冠詞

解析：很多同學(xué)錯(cuò)在第二個(gè)空to make a first impression上了。在做題的時(shí)候不夠細(xì)心，因?yàn)榇祟}的句意是：第一印象是最持久的?？傊阌肋h(yuǎn)不可能有第二個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)去再給別人留一次第一印象。本題強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)是第二個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)a second chance;第二次留一個(gè)第一印象，make a first impression. first為干擾因素。

若句意改變?yōu)椋耗銢](méi)有機(jī)會(huì)去改變你的第一印象You never get a second chance to change the first impression。此處再填the就合情合理了。

(10重慶)27. Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world.

A. a, a B. the, / C. the, a D. a, /

27. 答案D

考點(diǎn)：考查冠詞。

解析： price意思是“代價(jià)”，為可數(shù)名詞，第二空前邊有no,后面的名詞不用冠詞，故選 D項(xiàng)。

(10浙江)2. Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up

weakening of the human body.

A. a; / B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /

答案：B

考點(diǎn)：本題考查冠詞。

解析：句意：許多生活方式對(duì)人類(lèi)的健康有害，他們加速了人類(lèi)身體的衰退。本題考查冠詞，對(duì)……有害用短語(yǔ)“do harm to”表示，中間無(wú)需冠詞;之后的weakening是由動(dòng)詞的ing形式表示抽象的名詞，表達(dá)一種概念、狀況時(shí)需要加上the。

(10四川)2. In most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life.

A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a

答案：D

考點(diǎn)：考查冠詞。

解析： most countries此處表泛指，most前不加定冠詞the.第二個(gè)空處應(yīng)為“一個(gè)高起點(diǎn)的開(kāi)始”，故用a ,正確答案為D。

(2011?全國(guó)II)16.As he reached _____front door, Jack saw ______strange sight.【D】

A.the;不填 B.a; the C.不填a D.the; a

(2011?陜西卷)13.As is know to all, People’s Republic of China is Biggest developing country in the world.【C】

A.the ;不填 B.不填 ;the

C.the ;the D.不填;不填

(2011?四川卷)18.Dr.Peter Spemce, headmaster of the school, told us, fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.【A】

A.不填;A B.不填;The C.the; The D.a; A

(2011?江西卷)22.------It’s said John will be in a job paying over 860,00 _____ year

-----He will also get paid by _____ week.【B】

A.the; the B.a; the C. D.a; a

(2011?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷)33.It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.【A】

A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填

(2011?浙江卷)2.Experts think that ____recently discovered painting may be _____ Picasso.【D】

A.the.不填 B.a; the C.a;不填 D.the; a

(2011?山東卷)21.Take your time-it’s just ____short distance from here to_____ restaurant.【B】

A.不填;the B.a; the C.the; a D.不填;a

(2011?重慶卷)26.In communication, a smile is usually ___________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude.【C】

A.the, / B.a, an C.a, / D.the, an

鞏固練習(xí)

1. Tom owns ________ larger collection of ________ books than any other student in our class.

A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填

C. a; the D. 不填; the

2. For a long time they walked without saying ________ word. Jim was the first to break ________ silence.

A. the; a B. a; the

C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填

3. When he left ________ college, he got a job as ________ reporter in a newspaper office.

A. 不填;a B. 不填;the

C. a ; the D. the ; the

4. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ________ .

A. a price B. price

C. the price D. prices

5. ________ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is ________ major concern of the country.

A. The; 不填 B. The; a

C. An; the D. An; 不填

6. The Wilsons live in ________ A-shaped house near the coast. It is ??? ________ 17th century cottage.

A. the , / B. an, the

C. /, the D. an, a

7. When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to ________ hotel; I can find you ________ bed in my flat.

A. the; a B. the; 不填

C. a; the D. a; 不填

8. When you finish reading this book, you will have ________ better understanding of ________ life.

A. a, the B. the, a

C. /, the D. a, /

9. It is ________ world of wonders ________ world where anything can happen.

A. a, the B. a, a

C. the, a D. 不填, 不填

10. The most important thing about cotton in history is ________ part that it played in ________ Industrial Revolution.

A. 不填;不填 B. the;不填

C. the; the D. a; the

11. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ________ discover which completely changed ________ man’s understanding of color.

A. a…不填 B. a…the

C. 不填…the D. the…a

12. —I’d like ________ information about the management of your hotel, please.

—Well, you could have ________ word with the manager. He might be helpful.

A. some, a B. an, some

C. some, some D. an, a

13. Many people agree that ________ knowledge of English is a must in ________ international trade today.

A. a; / B. the; an

C. the; the D. /;the

14. —Have you seen ________ pen? I left it here this morning.

—Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.

A. a; the B. the; the

C. the; a D. a; a

15. Paper money was in ________ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ________ thirteenth century.

A. the; 不填 B. the; the

C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填

16. Most animals have little connection with ________ animals of ________ different kind unless they kill them for food.

A. the; a B. 不填; a

C. the; the D. 不填; the

17. Jumping out of ________ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________ exciting experience.

A. 不填, the B. 不填, an

C. an, an D. the, the

18. The sign reads “In case of ________ fire, break the glass and press ________ red button.”

A. / ; a B. / ; the

C. the; the D. a; a

19. On ________ news today, there were ________ reports of heavy snow in that area.

A. the; the B. the; 不填

C. 不填;不填 D. 不填;the

【答案解析】

1. B. 因?yàn)閏ollection (收藏品，收集物) 是可數(shù)名詞，此處為單數(shù)，又不是特指，所以用不定冠詞;books是名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示種類(lèi)，而非特指，所以不用冠詞。又如：a fine collection of paintings精美的繪畫(huà)收藏品。

2. B. word (話、話語(yǔ)) 是可數(shù)名詞，without saying a word意為“沒(méi)說(shuō)一句話”;雖然silence (沉默)是不可數(shù)名詞，但此處是特指前面提到的那種沉默，所以用the。

3. A. 因?yàn)閟chool, college, university, hospital, prison, church, table, bed名詞等指其用途時(shí)，不用冠詞。leave college意為“大學(xué)畢業(yè)”。又因?yàn)楸硎韭殬I(yè)或身份的單數(shù)名詞前通常要用不定冠詞，所以選A。

4. C. price前加定冠詞表特指。句意為“如果你買(mǎi)10個(gè)以上，他們會(huì)從那個(gè)價(jià)錢(qián)中減掉20便士”。

5. B. 因?yàn)閐ivision后有介詞短語(yǔ)between…and…的限制，這是特指的，所以要用the。又因?yàn)閏oncern作“所關(guān)切的事”解是可數(shù)名詞，所以前面要用冠詞。

6. D. 因?yàn)閔ouse和cottage都是可數(shù)名詞，且都不是特指，所以都用不定冠詞。句意是“威爾遜一家住在大海附近的一棟A形房子里，那是一座17世紀(jì)建的別墅”。

7. A. 從next time可知，對(duì)方這次住了旅館，第一空的hotel就是特指這個(gè)旅館，所以用the;第二空的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞bed不是特指的，所以用不定冠詞。句意是：你下次來(lái)這里度假，就不要到這旅館來(lái)住了，我在我的公寓里幫你弄張床。

8. D. 雖然understanding是不可數(shù)名詞，但作“了解、理解”解時(shí)，卻常常要加不定冠詞(尤其是當(dāng)其前有形容詞修飾時(shí))，排除B和C。又因?yàn)閘ife作“生活、人生”解，是不可數(shù)名詞，不是特指，不用冠詞。have a better understanding of life指“對(duì)生活有更深刻的理解”。

9. B. 雖然通常說(shuō)the world，但world有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，表示“一個(gè)…的世界”時(shí)，要用不定冠詞。題中兩個(gè)world都有定語(yǔ)修飾，后者是前者的同位語(yǔ)，所以兩個(gè)都用不定冠詞。句意是：這是一個(gè)奇妙的世界，一個(gè)什么事都有可能發(fā)生的世界。

10. C. 因part后面有一定語(yǔ)從句修飾，是特指，用the;又因?yàn)椤肮I(yè)革命”是由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞，所以前面也要用the。

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高三英語(yǔ)教案：《定語(yǔ)從句備考復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

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【2012年高考命題預(yù)測(cè)】

定語(yǔ)從句也是高考英語(yǔ)的重要語(yǔ)法，是歷年考查的熱點(diǎn)。2012年高考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要體現(xiàn)在：1、關(guān)系代詞that和which的區(qū)別;2、關(guān)系代詞which和as的區(qū)別;3、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句;4、定語(yǔ)從句與其他從句的區(qū)別。

【重難點(diǎn)突破】

【概述】定語(yǔ)從句是一種作定語(yǔ)用的從句，修飾主句中的一個(gè)名詞或代詞;定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞。

⒈ 定語(yǔ)從句要跟在先行詞的后面。

⒉ 定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩種。

⒊ 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有兩種：

關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等

關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why 等

⒋ 關(guān)系詞的作用：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;代替先行詞;在定語(yǔ)從句中作成分。

一、 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的使用：

⒈ 如果修飾人，一般用關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose 或that。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)的一般用who或that, 作賓語(yǔ)的一般用whom, who或that, 作定語(yǔ)并具有物主性質(zhì)的用whose。(在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可省略)關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

(2011?四川卷)17.The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.【B】

A.which B.whose C.when D.where[來(lái)源:Zxxk.Com]

(2011?福建卷)24.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.【A】

A.which B.where C.what D.who

⒉ 如果修飾事物，用關(guān)系代詞which 和that，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前，則用which (不能省) ，而不用that(關(guān)系代詞that既能代人，又能代物)。whose也可用來(lái)指物(此時(shí)可用of which來(lái)代替)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。

(2011?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷)31.The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination.【C】

A.that B.which C.whose D.what

(2011?江西卷)34.She showed he visitors around the museum, the construction______ has taken more than three years.【C】

A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to which

3. when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可用介詞+which來(lái)代替。

(2011?天津卷)10.The days are gone _____ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.【A】

A.when B.that C.where D.which[來(lái)源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)ZXXK]

4. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可用介詞+which來(lái)代替。

(2011?陜西卷)11.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 【B】

A.which B.where C.who D.that

5. why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，?？捎胒or+ which來(lái)代替。

Do you know the reason why/for which he came so late?

判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過(guò)的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。

判斷改錯(cuò)：

(錯(cuò)) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

(錯(cuò)) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

(對(duì)) This is the mountain village (which) I visited la st year.

(對(duì)) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。

方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where　B. that　 C. on whichD. the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。

關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ)) 。

二、 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系密切，對(duì)先行詞有修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句的意義將不完整或失去意義;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系不太密切，只對(duì)先行詞有附加說(shuō)明作用，如去掉，主句的意思仍完整;限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，修飾的先行詞可是名詞，名詞詞組或代詞;而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)，可修飾主句的某一個(gè)詞，也可以修飾整個(gè)句子。另外，在關(guān)系詞的使用上：限制性定語(yǔ)從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不可省略;限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可用that，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不可使用that。

(2011?浙江卷)8.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently .【A】

A.which B.what C.them D.those

(2011?湖南卷)25.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ____ she spoke fluently. 【C】

A.who B.whom C.which D.that

(2010重慶)28. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world. 【C】

A. where B. which C. whose D. that

(10全國(guó)Ⅱ)16. I refuse to accept the blame for something _____was someone else’s fault. 【B】

A. who B. that C. as D. what

定語(yǔ)從句的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)：

⒈ one of + the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞　后面定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)情況：

跟定語(yǔ)從句所靠近的那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞在數(shù)上保持一致，通常用復(fù)數(shù)。但如果這一結(jié)構(gòu)前面有the only之類(lèi)的限定語(yǔ)，后面定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用單數(shù)形式。

This is one of the books that are required for study at school.

He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.

⒉ 定語(yǔ)從句中用that而不用which的情況：

1)、先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，如：everything, anything, any, something, little, much等。

We should do all that is useful to the people.

2)、先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, much等詞修飾時(shí)。

I have read all the books that you gave me.　。

3)、先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.

4)、先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)。

This is the very book that I want to find.

5)、先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。

They are talking about the factory, the leaders and the workers that they visited yesterday.

6)、主句是以who 或which 開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate?

7)、關(guān)系代詞本身是定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)。

My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.

⒊ 定語(yǔ)從句中宜用which而不用that 的情況：

1)、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí)。

Is this the room in which he lives?

2)、在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。

(2011?浙江卷)8.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently .【A】

A.which B.what C.them D.those

3)、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。

Here is the English grammar book which, as I had told you, will help improve your English.

在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞用了that，另一個(gè)宜用which。

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened to us.

給你看看我從新開(kāi)放的圖書(shū)館借來(lái)的一本小說(shuō)。

⒋ 關(guān)系代詞as 和which的選用：

在形式上as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面;在意義上，as定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系，常譯為“正如…，就象…”，而which定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，或which從句是對(duì)主句的評(píng)論。

The room hasn’t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very dirty.

He was late again, as we had expected.他又遲到了，正如我們所料。

另外，在such…as…, the same…as…, as…as, so…as等結(jié)構(gòu)中，as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)不能用which代替。(這種定語(yǔ)從句常采用省略形式)

I have never seen such a lazy man as you.我從來(lái)沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)你這樣懶的人。

Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.　這個(gè)大石塊太大沒(méi)人能把它舉起來(lái)。

⒌ 先行詞為situation、case、occasion、point時(shí)，常用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

Can you point out a situation where this word can be used?　你能指出這個(gè)單詞使用的場(chǎng)合嗎

You have got to the point where a change is needed.　你已經(jīng)發(fā)展到非改不可的地步了。

⒍ 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和先行詞的性、數(shù)保持一致。

(2011?山東卷)32.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.【D】

A.they B.where C.what D.that

⒎ 定語(yǔ)從句中不要重復(fù)了關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞所替代的部分。

誤：Thi s is the place that I have visited it.

這就是我參觀過(guò)的那個(gè)地方。

應(yīng)去掉it, 因that 代替先行詞the place 在定語(yǔ)從句中作visit的賓語(yǔ)，再加it就是多余的了。

⒏ 定語(yǔ)從句中不要加多余的關(guān)系副詞或介詞。

誤：The house where he lives in needs repairing.

應(yīng)刪去關(guān)系副詞where, 因?yàn)閣here在這里的意思是in which, 否則介詞in就重復(fù)了?；虮Ａ魒here, 刪去從句里的in.

由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1. 由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句主要用于正式文體，在非正式文體中通常將介詞放至句末。如：This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是這個(gè)人。This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是這個(gè)人。

2. 直接用于介詞后作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞which不能換成that，直接用于介詞后作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom不能換成who。但若介詞用于句末，則用作賓語(yǔ)的which, whom也可換成that, who，或者省略不同。如：這是一個(gè)我們討論了許多的問(wèn)題。(which不能換成that，也不能省略)This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 這是一個(gè)我們討論了許多的問(wèn)題。(which可以換成that，也可以省略)

3. 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why根據(jù)情況有時(shí)可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which”。如： That is the day when [=on which] he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。That is the house where [=in which] he lived. 那就是他住過(guò)的房子。That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必須道歉的原因。4. 在很正式的文體中，“介詞

4. +關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可緊縮成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：在那兒孩子們有個(gè)玩耍的花園。正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)正：There the children had a garden in which they could play. (較正式)正：There the children had a garden to play in. (較口語(yǔ)化)注：這類(lèi)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞++不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞不能沒(méi)有，也不能放在句末。如不能說(shuō)There the children had a garden which to play in.

定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞省略的6種情形

定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞省略的6種情形關(guān)系詞有時(shí)可以省略，但這只限于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系詞則不可省略。

一、關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的省略當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which和that在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞位于句末時(shí)的介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。如：在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞位于句末時(shí)的介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。如：Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎? Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 剛才和你講話的人是誰(shuí)?

二、關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的省略當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。如：China is not the country (that) it was. 中國(guó)已不是過(guò)去的中國(guó)了。(that作表語(yǔ))

三、關(guān)系代詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)的省略當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足時(shí)，可以省略。如：I’m not the madman (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所認(rèn)為的那個(gè)瘋子。(that作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))

四、關(guān)系副詞when的省略用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的關(guān)系副詞when通常不能省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于day, year, time等少數(shù)幾個(gè)詞后時(shí)可以省略(也可換成that)也可換成。如：That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出國(guó)了。I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們見(jiàn)面的那一天。

五、關(guān)系副詞where的省略用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的關(guān)系副詞where通常不能省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少數(shù)幾個(gè)詞后時(shí)可以省略(也可換成that)。如：This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 這就是他們昨天碰頭的地方。Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 你有沒(méi)有一個(gè)什么地方可以讓我躺一個(gè)小時(shí)?

六、關(guān)系副詞why的省略關(guān)系副詞why通常只用于the reason后引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且通?？蓳Q成that或for which，均可省略。如：That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came.

這就是他來(lái)的原因。

Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 給我舉出一個(gè)我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助你的理由。 absent, nothing couldn’t be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。

定語(yǔ)從句的考查

一、疑問(wèn)句中考查定語(yǔ)從句

1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week?

A. whereB. the one　C. on whichD. /

【解析】答案是D。命題人經(jīng)常利用疑問(wèn)句的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)干擾學(xué)生的正確選擇。遇到這類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，最好的辦法是先把疑問(wèn)句還原成陳述句，然后判斷誰(shuí)是先行詞，再看關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，最后確定正確答案。

二、倒裝句中考查定語(yǔ)從句

2. We came to a place， ________ stood a big tower.

A. whichB. thatC. /D. where

【解析】正確答案是D。為了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒裝語(yǔ)序。倒裝的使用使定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)變得較為特殊，因此對(duì)于使用倒裝語(yǔ)序的定語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)先把倒裝語(yǔ)序還原成正常語(yǔ)序，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)就比較清晰了。

三、 拆分詞組和固定搭配

3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.

A. of whichB. whereC. to doD. that

4. Why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life?

A. whichB. on whichC. whenD. where

【解析】正確答案分別是D和A。一些詞組和搭配被拆開(kāi)后，句子的含義就變得難以理解。首先把拆開(kāi)的詞組復(fù)原是理解此類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵。上述句子中包含以下詞組：make use of， play a part (in)。

四、添加插入語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)

5. The scientist has made another discovery， _______ I belie ve is of great importance.

A. thatB. /C. whichD. why

【解析】應(yīng)選擇C。這類(lèi)句子主要利用插入語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)的添加來(lái)增加試題的難度。常見(jiàn)的插入語(yǔ)有：I think (suppose， expect， believe， imagine)， in my opinion， to tell you the truth等。做這類(lèi)題目時(shí)，最佳的辦法是先刪去插入語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，這樣句子的主干部分就一目了然了。

五、插入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________

the radio for me?

A. who;repairedB. that;repaired

C. whom;repairing　D. that;repair

【解析】D項(xiàng)正確。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是英語(yǔ)中難度較大的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一，因而在定語(yǔ)從句中加入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就成了學(xué)生最易失分的題目。對(duì)付這類(lèi)題目最有效的辦法就是將句子還原。如：我們可以把幾個(gè)句子中的定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行還原，還原后的句子應(yīng)是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.

典型高考英語(yǔ)陷阱題詳解

1. The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.

A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were

【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，將A 、B中的 which 和 it 誤認(rèn)為是其后句子的主語(yǔ)。

【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一 個(gè)由"介詞+which"引出的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而在該從句中，主語(yǔ)是 high mountains，around which 是表語(yǔ)，所以句子謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)were，而不是用單數(shù) was.請(qǐng)做以下類(lèi)例題目(答案均為C)：

(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.

A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are

(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.

A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are

(3) Next month we'll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese food.

A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are

2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, "Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?"

A. that B. which C. where D. what

【陷阱】容易誤選 B，認(rèn)為 around 是介詞，選 which 用以代替前面的名詞 hospital，在此用作介詞 around 的賓語(yǔ)。

【分析】最佳答案為C。以上語(yǔ)法分析并不算錯(cuò)，但問(wèn)題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒(méi)有這樣一個(gè)醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買(mǎi)藥治我的手傷?這樣的語(yǔ)境顯然有點(diǎn)不合情理，因?yàn)槿藗兺ǔＪ窃卺t(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為"在附近";其后的 where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用以修飾其前的地點(diǎn)名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒(méi)有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷?

3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)形式主語(yǔ)。

【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。比較下面一題：

_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

此題答案選 A，it 為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的 that 從句。

再比較下面一組題，其中第(1)題選 B，第(2)題選 D：

(1) ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.

A. Which B. As C. That D. It

(2) ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.

A. Which B. As C. That D. It

4. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.

A. that B. who C. as D. whom

【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的such，再聯(lián)系到選項(xiàng)中的 that，便認(rèn)為這是考查such ... that ...句式。況且，這樣理解意思也還通順。

【分析】最佳答案為C，不是A，因?yàn)樵趕uch ... that ... (如此......以至......)結(jié)構(gòu)中，that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，若在上句填入 such ... that ...，句末的動(dòng)詞 like 缺賓語(yǔ)。選C的理由如下：as 用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾其前的名詞 boy，同時(shí) as 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞 like 的賓語(yǔ)，句意為"所有老師都喜歡的一位好男孩"。有的同學(xué)可能還會(huì)問(wèn)，假若選A，能否將其后的 that 視為引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞呢?不能，因?yàn)楫?dāng)先行詞受到 such 的修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 as 來(lái)引導(dǎo)，而不用that.比較下面一題，答案為A，因?yàn)?like 后有自己的賓語(yǔ) him：

David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.

A. that B. who C. as D. whom

請(qǐng)?jiān)僮鲆韵略囶}(答案選D)：

It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.

A. like B. that C. which D. as

5. The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

【陷阱】容易誤選 C，用 them 代指 the buses.

【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 the buses.類(lèi)似地，以下各題也選D：

(1) His house, for _______ he paid , 000, is now worth , 000.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

(2) Ashdown forest, through _______ we'll be driving, isn't a forest any longer.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

(3) This I did at nine o'clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

類(lèi)似地，以下各題選 whom，不選 them：

(4) George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.

A. that B. him C. them D. whom

(5) Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.

A. that B. who C. them D. whom

(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.

A. that B. who C. them D. whom

6. He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.

A. whom B. them C. which D. who

【陷阱】容易誤選 B，用 them 代指 students.

【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。假若在many of... 的前面加上連詞and，則選答案B。比較以下各題(答案均選A)：

(1) He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

(2) He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.

A. them B. which C. what D. that

(3) He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.

A. whom B. them C. which D. who

(4) He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other.

A. them B. whom C. which D. who

7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.

A. whom B. them C. which D. who

【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞 invited 并不是一個(gè)完整的謂語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在 invited 前加上助動(dòng)詞 were，則是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，答案便應(yīng)選A.比較：

(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

答案選B，none of them carried out in their work 是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的 carried out 為過(guò)去分詞。

(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

答案選A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，注意與上例比較句中多了一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞were.

(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

答案選B，由于兩句之間增加了一個(gè)并列連詞but，使得該句成了一個(gè)并列句。

8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

【陷阱】容易誤選B，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

【分析】最佳答案是A.與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞 seated 不是謂語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞，因?yàn)?seat 作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞。比較以下相似題：

(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

選B. whose parents were seated together joking 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)槠浜笥型暾闹^語(yǔ) were seated.

(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

選A.因?yàn)榫渲杏胁⒘羞B詞and，整個(gè)句子為并列句。

(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

選A. their parents sitting together joking 為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

選B. whose parents sat together joking 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)榫渲杏型暾闹^語(yǔ) sat.

(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

選B. whose parents were sitting together joking 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)榫渲杏型暾闹^語(yǔ) were sitting.

9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，誤這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

【分析】正確答案為D，注意逗號(hào)前是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，逗號(hào)后是該狀語(yǔ)從句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情況，用作主句的主語(yǔ)。類(lèi)似地，下面幾道題也選 that，而不選 which：

(1) If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.

A. as B. which C. and it D. that

(2) If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

(3) Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.

A. that B. which C. and it D. so

(4) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

10. She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she's spent working as a secretary in our company.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

【陷阱】容易誤選B，機(jī)械地認(rèn)為時(shí)間名詞后必須用關(guān)系副詞when，地點(diǎn)名詞后用關(guān)系副詞 where.

【分析】正確答案為A.在時(shí)間名詞和地點(diǎn)名詞后是否用關(guān)系副詞要看它在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，若用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞;若用作狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞。上面一題中的動(dòng)詞 spent 缺賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 which或that.比較下面一題，由于空格后的句子不缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，所以選關(guān)系副詞when：

She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

請(qǐng)?jiān)僮鲆唤M試題(答案均選A)：

(1) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

選A，which 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞 bought 的賓語(yǔ)。

(2) Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

選A，which 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作主語(yǔ)。

(3) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.

A. where B. when C. that D. which

選A，where 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作狀語(yǔ)。

【高考真題剖析】

(2011?江蘇卷)24.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _____ the audience can buy ice-cream.

A.When B.Where C.that D.which

答案【A】考查定語(yǔ)從句。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句____ the audience can buy ice-cream.中不缺少成分，先行詞an interval表時(shí)間，所以選擇A。

(2011?浙江卷)8.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently .

A.which B.what C.them D.those

答案【A】考查定語(yǔ)從句。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句each of____ uses it somewhat differently .中介詞of后缺少賓語(yǔ)。所以選擇A。

(2010重慶)28. In china, the number of cities is increa sing ________development is recognized across the world.

A. where B. which C. whose D. that

答案【C】考查定語(yǔ)從句。development與先行詞cities之間是所屬關(guān)系，所以選whose。句意是：在中國(guó)，城市的數(shù)量在增加，城市的發(fā)展被全世界意識(shí)到。所以選擇C。

(10福建)24. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.

A. that B. where C. which D. whose24. 答案：B

考點(diǎn)：定語(yǔ)從句

解析：先行詞為planet，表示地點(diǎn)，故用where。

(10湖南) 28. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.

A. who B. where C. when D. which

28. 答案：A

考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句。

解析：該空引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示人的先行詞the students，且在從句中作met的賓語(yǔ)，故選關(guān)系代詞who，即A項(xiàng)。

(10江西) 31 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.

A where B who C which D what

答案：A

考點(diǎn)：考察定語(yǔ)從句。

解析：先行詞為centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ), 故要填狀語(yǔ), 表地點(diǎn)用where。

(10山東)24. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.

A. that B. which C. whose D. What

答案：C

考點(diǎn)：本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。

解析：句意應(yīng)為“那就是那臺(tái)零部件小得幾乎看不見(jiàn)的新機(jī)器?！笨崭裉幰龑?dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并且在從句中作定語(yǔ)使用，所以使用whose。

38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.

A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which

答案：C

考點(diǎn)：此處考查的是介詞加疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)從句

解析：考察介詞+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy whichthat

we may return to in the near future.

(10天津)8. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?

You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.

A. as B. which C. where D. that

答案：C.

考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句。

句意：—你能相信我理一次發(fā)得花20美元嗎?—你應(yīng)該到我去的那家理發(fā)店試試，只需要15美元。

解析：句中the barber’s 是先行詞，從句中g(shù)o 是不及物動(dòng)詞，所選關(guān)系代詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，所以要用where。

(10四川)10.After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decision.

A.that B.which C.when D.where

答案：B

考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句。

解析：此處應(yīng)為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which代替前邊整個(gè)句子。句意為：“大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我們休假一段時(shí)間去旅游，這結(jié)果證明是一個(gè)明智的決定?！?/p>

(10全國(guó)Ⅰ)24. As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather.

A. which B. where C. what D. that

24題 答案：A

句意：還是孩子的時(shí)候，Jack 在以他祖父命名的鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。

解答：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)此題考察從句，空格設(shè)置在名詞school后，且school后有逗號(hào)，此題考察非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞是school，它在定于從句中做主語(yǔ)，因此使用關(guān)系代詞，選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)系代詞只有which和that，由于是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，不能使用that，因此選擇A。

(10江蘇)32. The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.

A. that B. it C. what D. which

選D定語(yǔ)從句表示咖啡屋的墻

(陜西)11. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.

A. where B. which C. its D . Whose

11. 答案：D.

考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句。[來(lái)源:學(xué)*科*網(wǎng)Z*X*X*K]

解析：所填詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the old temple，關(guān)系詞在從句中做roof的定語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞whose，選D。其余選項(xiàng)與題意不符。

(10全國(guó)Ⅱ)16. I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.

A. who B. that C. as D. what[來(lái)源:Zxxk.Com]

答案：B

考點(diǎn)：定語(yǔ)從句。

解析：不定代詞something作主語(yǔ)，用that引導(dǎo)。

(10湖北)77. My mother was so proud of all ________(我所做的)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)

77. 答案：that I had done

考點(diǎn)：定語(yǔ)從句

解析：先行詞是 “all”的時(shí)候，定語(yǔ)從句只能由 “that”引導(dǎo)，又因?yàn)橹骶涫且话氵^(guò)去時(shí)，“我”所做的事情是過(guò)去已經(jīng)完成的事情，所以要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

80. ________(正如我們強(qiáng)調(diào)的那樣)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)

80. 答案：As we have stressed

考點(diǎn)：非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

解析：當(dāng)句子以整個(gè)主句作為先行詞，又放在主句前的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句只能由 “as”來(lái)引導(dǎo)，主句的內(nèi)容作定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)

(北京)27. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.

A. what B. whose C. which D. that

27. 答案：B

考點(diǎn): 本題考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞的選擇。

解析：不愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)或者飲食熱量偏高的孩子們會(huì)很快發(fā)胖。較簡(jiǎn)單。本定語(yǔ)從句不缺成分，為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，因此只能在考慮填關(guān)系副詞。A中的What不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。選B. whose誰(shuí)的，符合題意。

(重慶)28. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.

A. where B. which C. whose D. that

28. 答案C

考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句。

解析： development與先行詞cities之間是所屬關(guān)系，所以選whose。句意是：在中國(guó)，城市的數(shù)量在增加，城市的發(fā)展被全世界意識(shí)到。

(10浙江)3.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village home s for a better life in the city.

A.whom B.which C.them D.those

答案：A

考點(diǎn)：本題考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。

解析：由many之后的逗號(hào)和選項(xiàng)特征，此處是主從句關(guān)系，排除C、D項(xiàng)。由于先行詞是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意為：這里居住著將近1000人，他們中的許多人都背井離鄉(xiāng)去城市追求更好的生活。

真題練習(xí)

(09安徽)1. A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.

A. how B. whom

C. when D. which

【答案】C

(09安徽)2. Many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.

A. their B. whose

C. of them D. with whom

【答案】B

(09北京)3. —What do you think of teacher ,Bob?

—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting .

A. where B. which C. when D. that

【答案】B

(09福建)4. It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.

A. that B. when C. which D. where

【答案】D 考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是situation，指物，亦可指地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞where，選D。

(09湖南)5.I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.

A. which B. of which C. that D. whose

【答案】D 考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，意思為這個(gè)城市的名字。

(09江西)6. The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.

A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which

【答案】B 考查定語(yǔ)從句。The house ( which / that I grew up in ) , 主語(yǔ)后面緊跟的是定語(yǔ)從句。

(09海南)7. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.

A. them B. who

C. whom D. these

【答案】C。 考查定語(yǔ)從句中的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：她帶著她的三個(gè)朋友，他們?nèi)齻€(gè)中沒(méi)有一個(gè)人我曾見(jiàn)過(guò)。表示“部分的詞語(yǔ)+of+關(guān)系代詞” 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句指人只能用whom。

(09山東)8. Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.

A. who B. which C. when D. that

【答案】B非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面一個(gè)句子，故用which.

(09陜西)9. Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.

A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which

【答案】C 考查定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是Gun control，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中做介詞的賓語(yǔ)，介詞前置，介詞與從句動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成搭配argue about sth，選C。

(09四川)10. She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

【答案】D 考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法。her stay為先行詞，可以理解為抽象的一段時(shí)間(她呆在那里期間)，when指代her stay在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

(09天津)11. A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever[來(lái)源:Z_xx_k.Com]

【答案】C

(09天津)12 I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _____ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.

A. as B. which C. when D. though

【答案】A

(09浙江)13.I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.

A. which B. where C. how D. why

【答案】B

(09重慶)14. Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.

A. why B. what

C. that D. where

【答案】D

(09全國(guó)2 )15. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.

A. which B. that C. where D. it

【答案】A 考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(這兒的which指代前面整句話內(nèi)容。

(2011全國(guó)卷I) 31.The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.

A.that B.which C.whose D.what

(2011全國(guó)卷II)7.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

A.this B.that C.what D.which

(2011北京卷)26.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset.

A.who B.which C.what D.that

(2011上海卷) 39.You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.

A.which B.where C.when D.as

(2011山東卷)32.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.

A.they B.where C.what D.that

(2011江西卷)34.She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years.

A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to which

(2011江蘇卷)24.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.

A.when B.where C.that D.which

(2011安徽卷)28.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.

A.when B.which C.where D.while

(2011浙江卷)8.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it somewhat differently.

A.which B.what C.them D.those

(2011浙江卷)10.A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

A.when B.that C.where D.there

(2011福建卷)24.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.

A.whic h B.where C.what D.who

(2011四川卷)17.The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.

A.which B.whose C.when D.where

(2011天津卷)10.The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

A.when B.that C.where D.which

(2011陜西卷)11.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

A.which B.where C.who D.that

(2011湖南卷)25.Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently.

A.who B.whom C.which D.that

【鞏固練習(xí)】

1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure.

A. which B. what

C. as D. those

2.Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?

A. that B. where

C. in which D. the one

3.Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A. that B. where

C. which D. the one

4.Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?

A. that B. where

C. which D. the one

5.The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.

A. that B. where

C. in which D. in that

6.The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into

ice.

A. at which B. on that

C. in which D. of what

7.This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..

A. how you have observed B. what you have observed

C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed

8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.

A. because B. why

C. that D. whether

9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.

A. all which B. that

C. all that D. which

10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.

A. whose B. of which

C. in which D. on which

11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.

A. as B. that

C. which D. what

12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.

A. which B. it

C. that D. what

13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.

A. which B. whom

C. who D. that

14. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.

A. who is singing B. is singing

C. sang D. was singing

15. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.

A. learn B. who

C. that learns D. who learn

16. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out.

A. that against B. that against

C. who is against D. who are against

17. Didn’t you see the man __________?

A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now

C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now

18. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day?

A. that you talked B. you talked about it

C. which you talked with D. you talked about

19. Is there anything __________ to you?

A. that is belonged B. that belongs

C. that belong D. which belongs

20. ---- “How do you like the book?”

---- “It’s quite different from __________ I read last month.”

A. that B. which

C. the one D. the one what

21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except __________ who had already taken them.

A. the ones B. ones

C. some D. the others

22. The train __________ she was travelling was late.

A. which B. where

C. on which D. in that

23. He has lost the key to the drawer __________ the papers are kept.

A. where B. in which

C. under which D. which

24. Antarctic __________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.

A. which B. where

C. that D. about which

25. It’s the third time __________ late this month.

A. that you arrived B. when you arrived

C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived

26. It was in 1969 __________ the American astronaut succeeded in

landing on the moon.

A. that B. which

C. when D. in which

27. May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never

forget.

A. which B. when

C. on which D. about which

28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __________ live my grandparents and some relatives.

A. which B. that

C. who D. where

29. The hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside.

A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at

C. we stayed D. in that we stayed

30. Is it in that factory __________ “Red Flag” cars are produced?

A. in which B. where

C. which D. that

31. It is the Suez Canal __________ separates Asia __________ Africa.

A. which, to B. where, from

C. that, from D. that, with

32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, __________ was a small canoe, with a boy in it.

A. there B. where

C. it D. which

33. He is not __________ a fool __________.

A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks

C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks

34. Is that the reason __________ you are in favour of the proposal?

A. which B. what

C. why D. for that

35. He must be from Africa, __________ can be seen from his skin.

A. that B. as

C. who D. what

36. He has two sons, __________ work as chemists.

A. two of whom B. both of whom

C. both of which D. all of whom

37. I, __________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.

A. who is B. who am

C. that is D. what is

38. He is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned.

A. who B. that

C. from which D. from whom

39. ---- Do you know the town at all?

---- No, this is the first time I __________ here.

A. was B. have been

C. came D. am coming

40. I don’t like __________ you speak to her.

A. the way B. the way in that

C. the way which D. the way of which

41. The two things __________ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.

A. about which B. of which

C. in which D. for which

42. The dinner was the most expensive meal we __________.

A. would have B. have had

C. had never had D. had ever had

43. Do you know which hotel __________?

A. she is staying B. she is staying in

C. is she staying D. is she staying in

44. There is only one thing __________ I can do.

A. what B. that

C. all D. which

45. Who can think of a situation __________ this idiom can be used?

A. which B. that

C. where D. in that

46. I have many books, some of __________ are on chemistry.

A. them B. that

C. which D. those

47. They were interested __________ you told them.

A. in which B. in that

C. all that D. in everything

48. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, __________ much help for knowing space.

A. which we think it is B. which we think are of

C. of which we think is D. I think which is of

49. The great day we looked forward to __________ at last.

A. come B. came

C. coming D. comes

50. I like the second football match __________ was held last week.

A. which B. who

C. that D. /

參考答案：

1—5 AADBA 6—10 ABCCA 11—15 AADAD

16—20 CDDBC 21—25 ACBDC 26—30 AADAD

31—35 CABCB 36—40 BBDBA 41—45 BDBBC

46—50 CDBBC

高三英語(yǔ)教案：《互動(dòng)探究·能力備考》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

Ⅰ.詞匯短語(yǔ)過(guò)關(guān)

1．diet n．日常飲食　vi. 節(jié)食 a diet of sth. 多得令人生厭的事物

be/go on a diet put sb. on a diet用規(guī)定的食譜，控制飲食

[即學(xué)即練1]　(1)___________________________ is not good for you

.太油膩的食物對(duì)你不利。

(2)The doctors all suggest I _______________________ .醫(yī)生們都建議我節(jié)食。

Too rich a diet go on a diet

比較：diet 既可指習(xí)慣上常用的食品，又可指規(guī)定的食物，特指維持健康的定質(zhì)定量的食物；food是“食物”的一般用語(yǔ)，指任何能吃的且有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的東西。

2．balance vt.&vi.&n.平衡 balance the good and evil of things

balanced adj. 平穩(wěn)的，安定的，和諧的 in the balance 懸而未決

the balance of forces 力量對(duì)比 out of balance 失去平衡

keep one's balance 保持平衡，保持鎮(zhèn)靜 lose one's balance 失去平衡，失去鎮(zhèn)靜

throw sb. off the balance 使某人失去平衡，使某人慌亂

權(quán)衡事物的好壞兩方面

[即學(xué)即練2](1)We must ______________ the good and evil of things.

我們必須權(quán)衡事物的好壞兩個(gè)方面。

(2)The acrobat __________________ on the high rope.

雜技演員在高處的繩子上使自己保持平衡。

(3)It is difficult to __________________________ on an icy pavement.

人行道上結(jié)了冰，要想不摔倒可不容易。

(4)How long can you _______________ on one foot?你能單腳站立多久？

Balance balanced himself keep one’s balance balance

3．lie n．謊話；謊言 vt.&vi.說(shuō)謊；躺，處于(某位置)

tell a lie/lies 說(shuō)謊?[反]tell the truth 說(shuō)實(shí)話

a white lie 善意的謊言 a big lie 彌天大謊 There lies... 某地有……

lie to sb.向某人撒謊 lie in 在于；處于

lie down 躺下；屈服 lie on one's side/back/stomach 側(cè)臥/仰臥/俯臥

提示：易混詞形變化：

lie撒謊→lied→lied 躺→lay→lain→lying lay 放；產(chǎn)卵→laid→laid→laying

[即學(xué)即練3](1)The boy must be a spy and was __________________.

這男孩子一定是個(gè)間諜且在說(shuō)謊。

(2)You are ______ and lies cannot cover up facts.你在說(shuō)謊，但謊言掩蓋不了事實(shí)。

(3)He was ______ in the shade of the tree.他正躺在樹(shù)蔭下。

(4)The factory ____________ the west of the town. 工廠在鎮(zhèn)的西邊。

telling a lie lying lying lies to

(5)Don't ______ your coat on the bed.不要把你的外衣放在床上。

(6)Birds, fishes, and insects ____________________.鳥(niǎo)下蛋，魚(yú)和昆蟲(chóng)產(chǎn)卵。

Lay lay eggs

4．consult vt.&vi. 向……咨詢；查閱

consultant n．會(huì)診醫(yī)生；顧問(wèn) consulting adj. 咨詢的；顧問(wèn)的

consult sb. about sth. 向某人請(qǐng)教某事 consult a book (a dictionary )查書(shū)(字典)

consult with sb. 同某人商量 a consulting engineer 顧問(wèn)工程師

[即學(xué)即練4](1)You'd better ______ a doctor ______ your illness.

你最好找醫(yī)生咨詢一下你的病情。

(2)Before a decision has been made, you'd better __________________.

在作決定之前，最好找你父親商量一下。

(3)When you take a geography exam, you may __________________.

參加地理考試時(shí)，你可以查閱地圖。

(4)He is ________________________ his advisor.他正同他的顧問(wèn)磋商事情。

Consult about consult your father consult a map consulting with

5．limit n．界限；限度　v．限制；限定

limited adj. 有限的 limitation n. 限制；限制條件，不足之處

go beyond/over the limit 超過(guò)限度 within limits 在一定范圍內(nèi)；有限度的

within the limits of 在……的范圍內(nèi) without limit 無(wú)限(制)地

set a limit to sth. 對(duì)……規(guī)定限度 be limited to sth. 受限制于……

limit sth. to sth. 把……限定在……的范圍內(nèi)

[即學(xué)即練5](1)I've ____________________ 1 000 calories a day to try to lose weight.

我試著減肥，限定自己每天攝入1 000卡的熱量。

(2)A wise man knows his own ______________.人貴有自知之明。

(3)As we all know, a person's life is ______， but knowledge is _________________.

＝As we all know, there is ____________________ a person's life but ____________________ knowledge.

我們都知道，人的生命是有限的，而知識(shí)卻是無(wú)限的。

limited myself to limitations limited unlimited

a limit to no limit to

6．benefit n．利益，實(shí)惠；優(yōu)越性

vt.&vi.得益；使……受益 benefit sb./someplace 使某人/某地受益

benefit from/by sth. receive/gain benefit from sth.得益于某事

be of great/much benefit to sb.＝be very beneficial to sb. 對(duì)某人有好處

for the benefit of...為了幫助……；為了……的利益

[即學(xué)即練6](1)The new hospital will ________the entire community.

這所新醫(yī)院將使整個(gè)社區(qū)受益。

(2)I __________ much ______ my father's advice.我從父親的建議中獲益頗多。

(3)Moderate exercise will be _______________________ you.適度運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)你有很多益處。

(4)She went there _______________________________ her health.

她為了健康而去了那里。

Benefit benefited from of much benefit to for the benefit of

7．combine vt. & vi. (使)聯(lián)合；(使)結(jié)合 in combination with 與……聯(lián)合起來(lái)

combination n. 結(jié)合；聯(lián)合；化合(物) combine into... 聯(lián)合成……

combine...with... 把……與……結(jié)合起來(lái) a combination of... 一種……的結(jié)合(物)

[即學(xué)即練7](1)Some films _________ education ______ recreation.

有些電影把教育與娛樂(lè)結(jié)合起來(lái)。

(2)The two small shops _________ to make a large one.

這兩個(gè)小店合并起來(lái)成為了一個(gè)大商店。

(3)Pink is ________________________ red and white.粉紅色是紅色與白色的混合色。

Combine with Combined a combination of

8．get away with 被放過(guò)；(做壞事)不受懲罰

get rid of 擺脫；除去 get about 走動(dòng)；旅行；(消息等)傳開(kāi)來(lái)

get across (使)被理解；(把……)講清楚 get down to doing sth. 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真地做某事

get on/along well with... 與……相處得好；進(jìn)展得好

get away from 逃脫；離開(kāi) get down (從……)下來(lái)；寫(xiě)下；使沮喪

get in 收獲；插話 get in touch with 與……取得聯(lián)系

get into the habit of 染上……的習(xí)慣 get into trouble 陷入困境

get out (of...) (使)出去；離開(kāi)；逃脫；擺脫

get over 爬過(guò)(墻等)；克服(困難等)；從……中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)

get through 辦完；花完(錢(qián)、時(shí)間等)；(使)通過(guò)；接通電話

[即學(xué)即練8](1)I won't have you _______________________ cheating in the exam.

我不能容忍你考試作弊而不受懲罰。

(2)He was so lucky to __________________________ only a fine for such a serious mistake.

他犯了如此嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤，僥幸只被罰款了事。

(3)How can I _________________________________ the flies in the kitchen？

我怎樣才能把廚房里的蒼蠅消滅掉？

(4)He's not very good at __________ his ideas _________.

他不太善于清楚地表達(dá)自己的思想。

getting away with get away with

get rid of getting across

9．in debt負(fù)債 get/run into debt陷入債務(wù)

be in heavy debt負(fù)債累累 be in debt to sb.欠某人債

pay off all the debts還清債務(wù)(動(dòng)作) be out of debt不欠債(狀態(tài))

[即學(xué)即練9](1)In my opinion, the elegant woman with long hair can’t have been _______________________.在我看來(lái)，那位優(yōu)雅的長(zhǎng)發(fā)女士不可能負(fù)債累累。

(2)Being __________________________ makes Tom a light mood

還清了債務(wù)使得湯姆心情輕松。

(3)The couple worked hard day and night in order to ____________________________________________.

為了還清所有的債務(wù)，這對(duì)夫婦夜以繼日地拼命干活。

in heavy debt out of debt

pay off all their debts

10．cut down 砍倒，使倒下；削減，壓縮；減價(jià)

[即學(xué)即練10](1)He used to _______________ trees, but he plants trees now.

他過(guò)去砍樹(shù)，而現(xiàn)在植樹(shù)。

(2)I have to __________________________.我得少抽煙。

(3)AIDS __________________________ at an early age.艾滋病較早地奪去了他的生命。

(4)He was asking 0 for the vase, but I ____________________________________ .

這個(gè)花瓶要價(jià)100美元，但我砍到了75美元。

cut down cut down smoking

cut him down cut him down to

拓展：cut across走捷徑，穿過(guò)去 cut in插話；讓某人分享利潤(rùn) cut off中止，切斷；隔絕 cut out刪除；裁剪

cut up劈碎，切碎；使難過(guò)；(嚴(yán)重地)割傷

cut short突然停止，中斷(活動(dòng)) cut through穿過(guò)；克服；避開(kāi)；剪斷

Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)句型詳解

1．Nothing could be better... 再?zèng)]有比這更好的了……

此句中形容詞(或副詞)的比較級(jí) better與否定詞 nothing連用，表達(dá)最高級(jí)的含義。常用的否定詞有 no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等與比較級(jí)連用，表示最高級(jí)的含義。

①I(mǎi) think nothing is more pleasant than travelling.我想沒(méi)有什么比旅行更令人愉快的了。

②Nobody loves money better than he.沒(méi)人比他更貪財(cái)。

③—Did you sleep well last night? 你昨晚睡得怎樣？

—Never better, like a rock. 從來(lái)沒(méi)這么好過(guò)，像塊石頭。

拓展：下列結(jié)構(gòu)也可表示最高級(jí)的含義：

(1)否定詞＋so＋adj./adv.(原級(jí))such＋adj.(原級(jí))＋n.

(2)adj./adv.(比較級(jí))＋than＋any other＋n. (單數(shù)) any of the other＋n. (復(fù)數(shù))

①You haven't done such a foolish thing!

你從沒(méi)有做過(guò)這么傻的事！(這是你做過(guò)的最傻的事。)

②Bill runs faster than any other boy any of the other boys in his class.

在班里比爾跑得比別的男孩快。

[即境活用1]　(1)(2008·海南東方模擬)—Did you listen to Mr Jackson's lecture?

—Yes, I have never heard a ______ one.

A．more exciting　B．more excited C．most exciting D．most excited

解析：考查否定詞與比較級(jí)連用表示最高級(jí)意義，即 never...a more exciting one。

答案：A

(2)(2009·河北唐山期末)—Who is your favourite basketball player in China?

—Yao Ming, of course. No one plays ______.

A．better B．best C．good D．well

解析：No one plays better. 意為“沒(méi)有人(比他)打得更好”。 答案：A

2．He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! 他不可能讓詠慧哄騙人們后跑掉！

have sb. doing 在此表示“允許或容忍(某事物)發(fā)生”。此處的 have常用在否定句中，特別是用在 will not, cannot 等之后。

歸納：(1)have sb. do sth. “使某人做某事”，不定式做賓補(bǔ)省略 to，但其被動(dòng)式(sb. be made to do sth.)不能省略 to。含此種“使得”意義的其他動(dòng)詞還有 make, let, lead, drive等，如： No one can have Tom do this. 沒(méi)人能使湯姆做這件事。

(2)have sth. done 包含兩層意思：一種是“請(qǐng)別人做某事”；另一種為“承擔(dān)外界或別人做某事的后果”。

(3)have sb. (sth.) doing 有兩層含義：一種是“使……處于某種狀態(tài)或作出某種反應(yīng)”；另一種是“允許、聽(tīng)任某種事情發(fā)生”，這種用法一般用于否定句中。

(4)have sth. to do 意為“有某事要做”，have 意為“有，擁有”。不定式 to do是賓語(yǔ) sth.的定語(yǔ)，句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如果是 to be done做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明該不定式是由別人發(fā)出的。

①I(mǎi)t is rude of you to speak to Father like that and I won't have you speaking to Father like that in future.

那樣跟父親說(shuō)話很粗魯，今后我不會(huì)再容忍你那樣跟父親說(shuō)話。

②He had his audience listening attentively.他吸引住了聽(tīng)眾的注意力。

③No one can have me leave the office.沒(méi)有人能使我離開(kāi)辦公室。

④She had her bag stolen.她的包被偷了。

⑤I have some letters to type.我有些信要打。(“我”自己動(dòng)手打)

⑥I have some letters to be typed.我有幾封信需要打。(需要找別人打)

[即境活用2]　(1)We can't have people ______ late all the time.

A．a(chǎn)rrive B．to arrive C．a(chǎn)rriving D．a(chǎn)rrived

解析：用于否定句中 can't have sb. doing 意為“不能允許……”。答案：C

(2)Is this TV set ______ you wish to have ______？

A．the one; repaired B．which; it repaired

C．the one; it repaired D．which; repaired

解析：第一空填 the one做先行詞，其后為省略 which的定語(yǔ)從句，且 which在從句中做 have的賓語(yǔ)，故選A。

(3)—Mr Smith, do you have something ______ at this moment?

—No, thanks. I'll call you if any.

A．to be typed B．to type C．typed D．typing答案：A

解析：考查 have something to be done結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ降闹髡Z(yǔ)不是句子主語(yǔ) you。

3．Why_don't_you sit down and try a meal? 你為什么不坐下來(lái)吃頓飯呢？

Why don't you...？＝Why not do...？為什么不……？(表示建議)

①Why don't you have a try once again?＝Why not have a try once again?

為什么不再試一下呢？

②Why don't you call him right now?＝Why not call him right now?

為什么不立刻給他打個(gè)電話？

拓展：向別人提建議也可以用：

(1)had better do... 最好做…… (2)Let's do..., shall we? 讓我們做……，好嗎？

(3)I advise you (not) to do... 我勸你(別)做……

(4)I suggest that you (not) do... 我建議你(別)做……

(5)Can't we do...? 難道我們不可以做……嗎？

(6)What/How about doing...? 做……怎么樣？

(7)Will you please do...? 請(qǐng)你做……好嗎？

(8)Would you like/love to do...? 你愿意做……嗎？

(9)I wonder if you should do... 我想知道你是不是應(yīng)該做……

(10)Shall we do...? 我們做……好嗎？

[即境活用3]　—It's a long time since I saw my sister.

—______ her this weekend?

A．Why not visit B．Why not to visit C．Why not visiting D．Why don't visit

解析：Why not do...？＝Why don't you do...? 意為：“為什么不……呢？”用于提出建議。

答案：A

易 錯(cuò) 點(diǎn) 撥 自我完善·誤區(qū)備考

1. strength/force/energy/power

(1)strength 指固有的潛力。說(shuō)人時(shí)，指“力氣”；說(shuō)物時(shí)，指“強(qiáng)度”。也可指“強(qiáng)項(xiàng)，長(zhǎng)處”。

(2)force 主要指自然界的力量，暴力，勢(shì)力以及法律、道德或感情的力量，軍事的力量

(3)energy 主要指人的精力或自然界的能量。

(4)power 主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、功能；也可指人或機(jī)器等事物潛在的或所能發(fā)揮出來(lái)的力量；還可指職權(quán)、權(quán)力或政權(quán)。

[應(yīng)用1]　用 energy/power/force和 strength 填空。

(1)Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of __________.

(2)The party came to __________ at the last election.

(3)Gandi insisted on winning independence by peaceful struggles, not by ___________.

(4)Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his ___________.

Energy power force strength

2. join/combine/unite/connect

(1)join 側(cè)重把原來(lái)不相連接的事物緊密地連接在一起，但仍可再分開(kāi)。也指把分散的人或幾個(gè)部分的人聯(lián)合起來(lái)，或加入到某團(tuán)體中去。短語(yǔ)：join up聯(lián)合起來(lái)；join...to/and...連接。

(2)combine 指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物結(jié)合在一起。短語(yǔ)： combine with 與……結(jié)合。

(3)unite 指聯(lián)合、團(tuán)結(jié)、結(jié)合在一起，構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體。

(4)connect 指兩事物在某一點(diǎn)上相連接，但彼此又保持獨(dú)立。短語(yǔ)：connect...to/with 與……相連；be connected with與……有關(guān)系。

[應(yīng)用2]　用 join, combine, unite, connect的恰當(dāng)形式填空。

(1)__________， we'll stand; divided, we'll die.

(2)Efforts and confidence _________ to make a full man.

(3)This path __________ the highway up ahead.

(4)This railway ____________ London and Edinburgh.

United combine joins connects

3. glare/glance/stare/gaze/glimpse

(1)glare側(cè)重含有敵對(duì)情緒的“怒視”。(2)glance指快速地“一掃”“一瞥”。

(3)stare指睜大眼睛出神地看或注視，凝視，多出于驚訝、好奇、羨慕等，有時(shí)是粗魯無(wú)禮的。(4)gaze多指由于喜愛(ài)、憧憬或快樂(lè)而長(zhǎng)時(shí)間無(wú)意識(shí)地注視。

(5)glimpse無(wú)意識(shí)地一瞥，看到粗略印象，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。

[應(yīng)用3]　(1)The policeman ____________ the thief as he drove past.

(2)They ___________ at each other for a long time, after the quarrel.

(3)It’s impolite to ___________ at foreign guests in the street.

(4)He __________ at her and left hurriedly.

(5)The girl likes lying on her back and __________ at the stars above.

Glimpsed glared stare glanced gazing

高 效 作 業(yè) 自我測(cè)評(píng)·技能備考

Ⅱ .單項(xiàng)選擇

1．(2010·山東濰坊質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè))—Why do you eat all the vegetables but leave ______ meat untouched?

—I'm on ______ diet.

A．a(chǎn); the B．the; / C．/; a D．the; a

解析：考查冠詞?！銥槭裁闯粤怂械氖卟硕粍?dòng)肉呢？——我在節(jié)食。第一空特指雙方都知道的“meat”，故用the；第二空on a diet“節(jié)食”，是固定搭配。答案：D

2．To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ______ and weaknesses.

A．strengths B．benefits C．techniques D．values

解析：考查名詞辨析。由題意知 weakness 的反義詞是 strength，指“強(qiáng)項(xiàng)”。 答案：A

3．(2010·福建六校三聯(lián))Even if the treatment ______， there's still no magic pill for patients in the late stage of AIDS.

A．does B．uses C．works D．helps

解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。work“起作用，生效”，符合語(yǔ)意：盡管治療起作用了，對(duì)于晚期的艾滋病患者來(lái)說(shuō)還是沒(méi)有什么特效藥。答案：C

4．Once you have decided to buy an expensive article, you had better______an expert on it.

A．a(chǎn)sk B．a(chǎn)dvise C．consult D．find

解析：句意為“一旦你決定買(mǎi)件貴重物品，你最好找這方面的專(zhuān)家咨詢一下”。consult sb. 意為“向某人請(qǐng)教”。其他選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。答案：C

5．A large sum of money has been raised for the ______of the poorly－educated children in the mountainous districts.

A．profit B．favor C．a(chǎn)dvantage D．benefit

解析：for the benefit of...“為了……的利益/好處”，是固定搭配。答案：D

6．You'd better ______ your expenses on clothes.

A．cut up B．cut down C．cut off D．cut out

解析：表示“削減花費(fèi)/開(kāi)銷(xiāo)”，用 cut down。答案：B

7．A harmonious society is like a symphony orchestra－each person contributes a small sound, but when ______ with other sounds, it becomes beautiful music.

A．combining B．being combined C．combined D．to be combined

解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)一致且謂語(yǔ)中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，本句完整形式應(yīng)為when it is combined...。

答案：C

8．The child should be punished. You shouldn’t let him ______ telling lies.

A．keep away from B．keep away with

C．get away from D．get away with

解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意為：這個(gè)孩子應(yīng)該受到懲罰。你不應(yīng)該讓他逃脫撒謊受到的處罰。get away with “僥幸成功，逃脫處罰”；get away from “逃離”；keep away from “遠(yuǎn)離”。 答案：D

9．You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ______ often enough.

A．explaining B．to explain C．explain D．explained

解析：本題中it指代the traffic rule，它與explain構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用過(guò)去分詞做賓補(bǔ)。have sth. done讓別人做某事。答案：D

10．What an unforgettable experience! I’ll write it down ______ it is still fresh in my memory.

A．since B．while C．a(chǎn)fter D．until

解析：句意：多么令人難忘的經(jīng)歷！趁記憶猶新，我要把它寫(xiě)下來(lái)。while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。答案：B

11．There was an oil painting ______ in the corner. It ______ there for several days.

A．laying; had laid B．lain; had laid

C．lying; had lain D．laid; had been lain

解析：第一空填 lying表示“正處于某狀態(tài)”；第二空填 had lain表示“已經(jīng)處于該位置好幾天答案：C

12．If you just spend time ______ advantages and disadvantages, you may get nothing in the end.

A．matching B．balancing C．observing D．examining

解析：balance advantages and disadvantages 意為“權(quán)衡利弊”。 答案：B

13．—The weather isn't good enough for an outing, isn't it?

—Not in the least. We can't have ______ at this time of the year.

A．a(chǎn) worse day B．a(chǎn) nicer day C．such bad a day D．so fine a day

解析：not in the least 相當(dāng)于 not at all, 意為“根本不”。此題考查比較級(jí)的否定形式表達(dá)最高級(jí)的含義。B、D兩項(xiàng)與題意不符；C項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤。答案：A

14．—Lucy doesn't mind lending you her dictionary.

—She ______. I've already borrowed one.

A．can't B．mustn't C．needn't D．shouldn't

解析：句意為：“Lucy不介意把詞典借給你?！薄八槐亓恕Ｎ乙呀?jīng)借了一本了?！北绢}測(cè)試情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。 needn't 不必(不需要)；can't 不能(不許)；mustn't 不行(禁止)；shouldn't 不該(責(zé)備) 答案：C。

15．—Why don't we hold a party to celebrate the achievements gained by our Olympic players?

—______

A．Because we haven't got enough preparations.

B．Good idea! C．It's all because of the terrible weather.

D．Not all would like to attend it.

解析：Why don't...？“為什么不……？”用于提出建議，故回答B(yǎng)項(xiàng)“好主意”。 答案：B

高三英語(yǔ)教案：《代詞復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

老師職責(zé)的一部分是要弄自己的教案課件，大家在認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備自己的教案課件了吧。只有制定教案課件工作計(jì)劃，才能對(duì)工作更加有幫助！你們知道多少范文適合教案課件？考慮到您的需要，小編特地編輯了“高三英語(yǔ)教案：《代詞復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)”，大家不妨來(lái)參考。希望您能喜歡！

本文題目：高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)教案：代詞復(fù)習(xí)教案

一、人稱(chēng)代詞是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我們"、"你們"、"他們"的詞。人稱(chēng)代詞有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和格的變化，見(jiàn)下表：

數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)

格 主格 賓格 主格 賓格

第一人稱(chēng) I me we us

第二人稱(chēng) you you you you

第三人稱(chēng) he him they them

she her they them

it it they them

例如：He is my friend.　他是我的朋友。

It's me.　是我。

二、 物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種，其人物和數(shù)的變化見(jiàn)下表。

數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)

人稱(chēng) 第一人稱(chēng) 第二人稱(chēng) 第三人稱(chēng) 第一人稱(chēng) 第二人稱(chēng) 第三人稱(chēng)

形容詞性物主代詞 my your his/her/its our your their

名詞性物主代詞 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs

例如： I like his car. 我喜歡他的小汽車(chē)。

Our school is here，and theirs is there. 我們的學(xué)校在這兒，他們的在那兒。

三、 指示代詞表示"那個(gè)"、"這個(gè)"、"這些"、"那些"等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this，that，these，those等。

例如：That is a good idea.　那是個(gè)好主意。

四、 表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我們自己"、"你們自己"和"他們自己"等的代詞，叫做自身代詞，也稱(chēng)為

"反身代詞"。

例如：She was talking to herself.　 她自言自語(yǔ)。

五、 表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫相互代詞，有each other 和one another兩組，但在運(yùn)用中，這兩組詞沒(méi)什么大的區(qū)別。

例如：They love each other.他們彼此相愛(ài)。

六、 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常見(jiàn)的不定代詞有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代詞，如anybody， something，no one。這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，但none和由some，any，no等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞只能作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ);every和no只能作定語(yǔ)。

例如：--- Do you have a car?　 --你有一輛小汽車(chē)嗎?

--- Yes，I have one. --是的，我有一輛。

--- I don't know any of them.　 他們，我一個(gè)也不認(rèn)識(shí)。

七、 疑問(wèn)代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)代詞都可用作連接代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句)

例如：Tell me who he is.　 告訴我他是誰(shuí)。

八、 關(guān)系代詞有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。它們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、

表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等;另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞(先行詞)。

例如：He is the man whom you have been looking for.　 他就是你要找的那個(gè)人。

3.1 人稱(chēng)代詞的用法

1)人稱(chēng)代詞的主格在句子中作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如：

John waited a while but eventually he went home. 約翰等了一會(huì)兒，最后他回家了。

John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗，還真是她。

說(shuō)明：在復(fù)合句中，如果主句和從句主語(yǔ)相同，代詞主語(yǔ)要用在從句中，名詞主語(yǔ)用在主句中。例如：

When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 約翰一到就直接去銀行了。

2)人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)，但在口語(yǔ)中也能作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，第一人稱(chēng)在省略句中，還可以作主語(yǔ)。

例如： I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他們?cè)谝黄?，至少我認(rèn)為是她。(her做賓語(yǔ)，them做介詞賓語(yǔ)，her做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))

a. -- Who broke the vase?　--誰(shuí)打碎了花瓶?

b. -- Me. --我。(me做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)= It's me.)

說(shuō)明：在上面兩例句中，her和me分別作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中多用賓格，在正式文體中這里應(yīng)為she和I。

3.2 人稱(chēng)代詞之主、賓格的替換

1) 賓格代替主格

a.在簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話中，當(dāng)人稱(chēng)代詞單獨(dú)使用或在not 后，多用賓語(yǔ)。

---- I like English.　 --我喜歡英語(yǔ)。

---- Me too.　--我也喜歡。

---- Have more wine?　--再來(lái)點(diǎn)酒喝嗎?

---- Not me.　--我可不要了。

b.在表示比較的非正式的文體中，常用賓格代替主格。 但如果比較狀語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)保留，則主語(yǔ)只能用主格。

He is taller than I/me.

He is taller than I am.

2) 主格代替賓格

a. 在介詞but，except 后，有時(shí)可用主格代替賓格。

b. 在電話用語(yǔ)中常用主格。

---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和瑪麗通話。

---- This is she. --我就是瑪麗。

注意：在動(dòng)詞be 或to be 后的人稱(chēng)代詞視其前面的名詞或代詞而定。

I thought it was she. 我以為是她。(主格----主格)

I thought it to be her.　 (賓格----賓格)

I was taken to be she.我被當(dāng)成了她。 (主格----主格)

They took me to be her.　 他們把我當(dāng)成了她。 (賓格----賓格)

3.3 代詞的指代問(wèn)題

1)不定代詞 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone， everyone，no one， 及whoever和person在正式場(chǎng)合使用時(shí)，可用he, his, him代替。

例如： Nobody came, did he?　誰(shuí)也沒(méi)來(lái)，是嗎?

2)動(dòng)物名詞的指代一般用it或they代替，有時(shí)也用he, she，帶有親切的感情色彩。

例如： Give the cat some food. She is hungry.　給這貓一些吃的。她餓了。

3)指代車(chē)或國(guó)家，船舶的名詞，含感情色彩時(shí)常用she。

3.4 并列人稱(chēng)代詞的排列順序

1)單數(shù)人稱(chēng)代詞并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋旱诙朔Q(chēng)-> 第三人稱(chēng) -> 第一人稱(chēng)，即you-> he/she; it -> I。

例如：You, he and I should return on time.

2) 復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋旱谝蝗朔Q(chēng) -> 第二人稱(chēng) -> 第三人稱(chēng)，即we　->you->they。

注意： 在下列情況中，第一人稱(chēng)放在前面。

a. 在承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)，

It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和約翰惹她生氣了。

b. 在長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩，長(zhǎng)官對(duì)下屬說(shuō)話時(shí)，如長(zhǎng)官為第一人稱(chēng)，

如：I and you try to finish it. 我和你去弄好它。

c. 并列主語(yǔ)只有第一人稱(chēng)和第三人稱(chēng)時(shí)。

d. 當(dāng)其他人稱(chēng)代詞或名詞被定語(yǔ)從句修飾時(shí)。

3.5 物主代詞

1)物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用。例如：

John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.

約翰割破了手指，顯而易見(jiàn)，他桌子上有個(gè)破玻璃杯。

物主代詞有形容詞性(my, your等)和名詞性(mine, yours等)兩種，形容詞性的物主代詞屬于限定詞。名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于省略了中心名詞的--'s屬格結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

Jack's cap　 意為T(mén)he cap is Jack's。

His cap 意為T(mén)he cap is his。

2) 名詞性物主代詞的句法功能

a. 作主語(yǔ)。例如：

May I use your pen? Yours works better. 我可以用一用你的鋼筆嗎?你的比我的好用。

b. 作賓語(yǔ)。例如：

I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我深?lèi)?ài)我的祖國(guó)就像你深?lèi)?ài)你的祖國(guó)一樣。

c. 作介詞賓語(yǔ)。例如：

Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.

你應(yīng)當(dāng)按我所用的詞義去解釋我說(shuō)的話，而不能按你自己的去解釋。

d. 作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如：

The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours.　我的生命屬于你，屬于你，屬于你。

3.6 雙重所有格

物主代詞不可與 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等詞一起前置，修飾一個(gè)名詞，而必須用雙重所有格。公式為：a, an, this, that +名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。例如：a friend of mine, each brother of his.

3.7 .反身代詞

1) 1) 列表

數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)

人稱(chēng) 第一人稱(chēng) 第二人稱(chēng) 第三人稱(chēng) 第一人稱(chēng) 第二人稱(chēng) 第三人稱(chēng)

人稱(chēng)代詞 I you he/she/it we you they

反身代詞 myself yourself yourself/herself/himself ourselves yourselves themselves

另外：one的反身代詞為oneself

2)做賓語(yǔ)

a. 有些動(dòng)詞需有反身代詞，如absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave等。例如：

We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.　我們昨晚玩得很開(kāi)心。

Please help yourself to some fish.　 請(qǐng)你隨便吃點(diǎn)魚(yú)。

b. 用于及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+介詞，如take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth等。例如：

I could not dress(myself)up at that time.　那個(gè)時(shí)候我不能打扮我自己。

注：有些動(dòng)詞后不跟反身代詞，如：get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。例如：

Please sit down.　請(qǐng)坐。

3) 用作表語(yǔ)，如結(jié)構(gòu)be oneself。例如：

I am not myself today.　 我今天不舒服。

4) 用作同位語(yǔ)

The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。

5) 在不強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況下，but, except, for 等介詞后賓語(yǔ)用反身代詞或人稱(chēng)代詞賓格均可。如：No one but myself(me)is hurt.

注意：

a. 反身代詞本身不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)。

(錯(cuò)) Myself drove the car.

(對(duì)) I myself drove the car.　我自己開(kāi)車(chē)。

b. 但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語(yǔ)中，第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)可用反身代詞，特別是myself 作主語(yǔ)。例如：

Charles and myself saw it. 查爾斯和我看見(jiàn)了這件事。

3.8 相互代詞

1)相互代詞只有each other和one another兩個(gè)詞組。他們表示句中動(dòng)詞所敘述的動(dòng)作或感覺(jué)在涉及的各個(gè)對(duì)象之間是相互存在的。例如：

It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.

顯而易見(jiàn)，不同文化的人總是相互借鑒的。

2)相互代詞的句法功能：

a. 作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ);

People should love one another. 人們應(yīng)當(dāng)彼此相愛(ài)。

b. 可作介詞賓語(yǔ);

Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other.　 吠、雞鳴、蛙兒對(duì)唱。

說(shuō)明：傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法認(rèn)為，相互關(guān)系存在于兩個(gè)人或物之間用each other， 存在于兩個(gè)以上人和物之間用one another?，F(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，兩組詞交替使用的實(shí)例也很多。例如：

He put all the books beside each other/one another. 他把所有書(shū)并列擺放起來(lái)。

Usually these small groups were independent of each other. 這些小團(tuán)體通常是相互獨(dú)立的。

c. 相互代詞可加-'s構(gòu)成所有格。例如：

The students borrowed each other's notes. 學(xué)生們互借筆記。

3.9 指示代詞

1) 指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式，既可作限定詞又可做代詞。例如：

單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)

限定詞 This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.

代詞 This is Mary. Those are my teachers.

2) 指示代詞的句法功能;

a. 作主語(yǔ)。例如：

This is the way to do it.　 這事兒就該這樣做。

b. 作賓語(yǔ)。例如：

I like this better than that. 我喜歡這個(gè)甚至那個(gè)。

c. 作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如：

My point is this.　 我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。

d. 作介詞賓語(yǔ)。例如：

I don't say no to that.　 我并未拒絕那個(gè)。

There is no fear of that.　 那并不可怕。

說(shuō)明1：指示代詞在作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分時(shí)只能指物，不能指人。例如：

(對(duì))That is my teacher.　那是我的老師。(that作主語(yǔ)，指人)

(對(duì))He is going to marry this girl.　他要和這個(gè)姑娘結(jié)婚。(this作限定詞)

(錯(cuò))He is going to marry this.　(this作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人)

(對(duì))I bought this.　我買(mǎi)這個(gè)。(this指物，可作賓語(yǔ))

說(shuō)明2：That和those可作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，但this和 these不能，同時(shí)，在作先行詞時(shí)，只有those可指人，試比較：

(對(duì)) He admired that which looked beautiful.　他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。

(對(duì)) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)

(錯(cuò)) He admired that who danced well.　(that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人)

(對(duì)) He admired those who danced well.　他贊賞跳舞好的人。(those指人)

(對(duì)) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。(those指物)

3.10 疑問(wèn)代詞

1) 疑問(wèn)代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用，用來(lái)構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)代詞有下列幾個(gè)：

指人： who, whom, whose

指物： what

既可指人又可指物： which

2) 疑問(wèn)代詞在句中應(yīng)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，沒(méi)有性和數(shù)的變化，除who之外也沒(méi)有格的變化。what, which, whose還可作限定詞。試比較：

疑問(wèn)代詞：Whose are these books on the desk?　 　桌上的書(shū)是誰(shuí)的?

What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美國(guó)的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張是朝哪個(gè)方向的?

限定詞：Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的書(shū)是誰(shuí)的?

What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?

哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬于美國(guó)?

說(shuō)明1：無(wú)論是做疑問(wèn)代詞還是限定詞，which 和 what 所指的范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無(wú)限的，而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi)。例如：

Which girls do you like best? 你喜歡哪幾個(gè)姑娘?

What girls do you like best? 你喜歡什么樣的姑娘?

說(shuō)明2：Whom是who的賓格，在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，它作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)，在口語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用who代替，但在介詞后只能用whom, 例如：

Who(m)did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了誰(shuí)?(作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ))

Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把這書(shū)帶給誰(shuí)?(作介詞賓語(yǔ)，置句首)

To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校園里和誰(shuí)講話了?(作介詞賓語(yǔ)，置介詞后，不能用who取代。)

說(shuō)明3： 疑問(wèn)代詞用于對(duì)介詞賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)，過(guò)去的文體中介詞和疑問(wèn)代詞通常一起放在句首，現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，疑問(wèn)代詞在句首，介詞在句末。例如：

For what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(舊文體)

What are you looking for? 你在找什么?(現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ))

說(shuō)明4： 疑問(wèn)代詞還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如：

I can't make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。

Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?　 你能告訴我床上的藍(lán)襯衣是誰(shuí)的嗎?

Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.

你說(shuō)的我大部分同意，但并不完全贊同。

3.11. 關(guān)系代詞

1) 關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。它代表先行詞，同時(shí)在從句中作一定的句子成分。例如：

The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.　跟我講話的姑娘是我表妹。

該句中whom既代表先行詞the girl，又在從句中作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。

2) 關(guān)系代詞有主格，賓格和屬格之分，并有指人與指物之分。在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，that 可指人也可指物，見(jiàn)表：

指人 指物 指人或指物

主 格 who which that

賓 格 whom that that

屬 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose

例如：This is the pencil whose point is broken. 這就是那枝折了尖的鉛筆。(whose 指物，在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ))

He came back for the book which he had forgotten.　他回來(lái)取他丟下的書(shū)。(which指物，在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略)

說(shuō)明：非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用that作關(guān)系代詞。

3) 關(guān)系代詞which的先行詞可以是一個(gè)句子。例如：

He said he saw me there, which was a lie. 他說(shuō)在那兒看到了我，純屬謊言。

說(shuō)明： 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。另外，關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)也可省略，例如：

I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.　 我過(guò)去懂拉丁語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在大都忘了。

He's changed. He's not the man he was. 他變化很大，已不是過(guò)去的他了。

3.12 every , no, all, both, neither, nor

1)不定代詞有all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。

2)不定代詞的功能與用法

a. 除every 和no外不定代詞既可用作名詞，也可用作形容詞。every和no在句中只能作定語(yǔ)。例如：

I have no idea about it. 我不知該咋辦。

b. all 都，指三者以上。all 的主謂一致：all的單復(fù)數(shù)由它所修飾或指代的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如：

All goes well.　 一切進(jìn)展得很好。

all 通常不與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，如：不說(shuō) all the book，而說(shuō) the whole book。

但all可與表時(shí)間的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，如 all day，all night， all the year;但習(xí)慣上不說(shuō) all hour，all century。

all還可以與一些特殊的單數(shù)名詞連用，如 all China，all the city，all my life，all the way

3)both　都，指兩者。

a. both 與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用，但 both… and…可與單數(shù)名詞連用。

b. both, all 都可作同位語(yǔ)，其位置在行為動(dòng)詞前， be 動(dòng)詞之后。如果助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞省去，則位于助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之前。例如：

Who can speak Japanese?　誰(shuí)能講日本話?

We both(all)can. 我們都不會(huì)。

4)neither　兩者都不

a.　neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

b. 作定語(yǔ)與單數(shù)名詞連用，但neither… nor 用作并列連詞，可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用。其謂語(yǔ)采用就近原則。

c.　可用于下列句型，避免重復(fù)。例如：

She can't sing，neither(can)he. 她不會(huì)唱歌，他也不會(huì)。

5)neither 與nor 的比較

a.　如前句是否定式從句，則主句用neither，而不用 nor。例如：

If you don't do it，neither should I.　如果你不干，我也不干。

b. 如后連續(xù)有幾個(gè)否定句式，則用nor，不用neither。例如：

He can't sing，nor dance，nor skate. 他不會(huì)唱歌，不會(huì)跳舞，也不會(huì)滑冰。

3.13 none, few, some, any, one, ones

一、 none 無(wú)

1) none作主語(yǔ)，多與of 構(gòu)成短語(yǔ) none of。 在答語(yǔ)中，none可單獨(dú)使用。例如：

Are there any pictures on the wall?　墻上有畫(huà)嗎?

None. 沒(méi)。

2) none作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)均可。但如做表語(yǔ)，則其單復(fù)數(shù)與表語(yǔ)一致。例如：

It is none of your business. 閑事莫管。

二、few 一些，少數(shù)

few 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，多用于肯定句。

三、some 一些

1) 可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連用。

2) 當(dāng)做"某一"解時(shí)，也可與單數(shù)名詞連用。(= a certain)

You will be sorry for this some day. 總有一天，你會(huì)為此后悔的。

A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule. 有些人不同意你的看法。

注意：

(1)在肯定疑問(wèn)句中用some代替any。

(2)some用于其他句式中:

a.肯定疑問(wèn)句中：說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為對(duì)方的答案會(huì)是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答時(shí)。

Would you like句式中，表委婉請(qǐng)求或建議。例如：

Would you like some coffee? 喝咖啡嗎?

b.在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示確定的意義時(shí)。例如：

If you need some help，let me know. 需要幫助，跟我說(shuō)。

c.some位于主語(yǔ)部分。例如：

Some students haven't been there before. 有些學(xué)生沒(méi)去過(guò)那兒。

d.當(dāng)否定的是整體中的部分時(shí)，some可用于否定句。例如：

I haven't heard from some of my old friends these years. 這些年我沒(méi)有收到一些老朋友的信。

四、any 一些

1) any 多用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。

當(dāng)句中含有任何的意思時(shí)，any可用于肯定句。

Here are three novels. You may read any.　這有三本小說(shuō)，你可任讀一本。

五、one, 復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones

ones必須和形容詞連用。如果替代的名詞時(shí)無(wú)形容詞在前，則用some, any，而不用ones。例如：

Have you bought any rulers?　買(mǎi)尺了嗎?

Yes, I 've bought some. 買(mǎi)了，買(mǎi)了幾把。

3.14 one，that 和it

one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that與所指名詞為同類(lèi)，但不是同一個(gè)，而it 與所指名詞為同一個(gè)。例如：

I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我該去買(mǎi)一頂。

The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同類(lèi)但不同個(gè))你買(mǎi)的那頂帽子比我買(mǎi)的大。

I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.( 同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。

3.15 one/another/the other

one… the other　只有兩個(gè)

some… the others　 有三個(gè)以上

one… another，another…

some… others，others…

others = other people/things

the others = the rest　剩余的全部

1) 泛指另一個(gè)用another。

2) 一定范圍內(nèi)兩人(物)，一個(gè)用one，另一個(gè)用the other。

3) 一定范圍內(nèi)三者，一個(gè)用one，另一個(gè)用one (another)，第三個(gè)可用the other，a third。

4) 一定范圍內(nèi)，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。

5) 泛指別的人或物時(shí)，用others當(dāng)在一定范圍內(nèi)，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部時(shí)，也用others。

3.16 “the”的妙用

He is one of the students who help me.

He is the one of the students who helps me. 他是幫我的學(xué)生之一。

第一句定語(yǔ)從句與the students 一致。

第二句定語(yǔ)從句與the one 一致。

3.17 anyone/any one;no one/none;every/each

1.anyone 和 any one

anyone僅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。

2.no one 和none

a) none 后跟of短語(yǔ)，既可指人又可指物，而no one只單獨(dú)使用，只指人。

b) none 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單，復(fù)數(shù)均可，而no one作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是單數(shù)。例如：

None of you could lift it. 你們中沒(méi)有人可舉起它。

---- Did any one call me up just now?　--剛才有人打電話給我嗎?

---- No one.　 --沒(méi)有。

3.every 和each

1) every 強(qiáng)調(diào)全體的概念， each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念。例如：

Every student in our school works hard.　我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。

Each student may have one book..　每個(gè)學(xué)生都可有一本書(shū)。

2) every 指三個(gè)以上的人或物(含三個(gè))，each指兩個(gè)以上的人或物 (含兩個(gè))。

3) every 只作形容詞，不可單獨(dú)使用。each可作代詞或形容詞。例如：

Every boy has to take one. 每個(gè)男孩必須取一個(gè)。

Each boy has to take one.

Each of the boys has to take one.

4) every不可以作狀語(yǔ)，each可作狀語(yǔ)。

5) every 有反復(fù)重復(fù)的意思，如 every two weeks等; each沒(méi)有。

6) every 與not 連用，表示部分否定; each 和not連用表示全部否定。例如：

Every man is not honest. 并非每個(gè)人都誠(chéng)實(shí)。

Each man is not honest.　這兒每個(gè)人都不誠(chéng)實(shí)。

3.18 both, either, neither, all, any, none

這些詞都可用作代詞或形容詞。其位置都在be 動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前或第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞之后。

1) both (兩者都)，either(兩者中任何一個(gè))，neither (兩者都不)。以上詞使用范圍為兩個(gè)人或物。例如：

Neither of the two boys is clever.　兩個(gè)男孩都不聰明。

2) both，either

both與復(fù)數(shù)連用，either與單數(shù)連用。例如：

Both the boys are clever.　 兩個(gè)男孩都很聰明。

Either of the two boys is clever.

There are flowers on both sides of the street. 路邊長(zhǎng)滿了野花。

There are flowers on either side of the street.

3) all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一個(gè))， none (都不)。 以上詞使用范圍為三者以上。例如：

All the flowers are gone.　所有的花都謝了。

I don't like any of the flowers.　這些花我都不喜歡。

I like none of the flowers.　這些花我都不喜歡。

注意：all與none用法一樣。跟單數(shù)名詞，用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞;跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。例如：

All of the students are there. 所有的學(xué)生都在那。

All (of) the milk is there.　 所有的牛奶都在那。

3.19 many, much

Many，much都意為"許多"， many + 可數(shù)名詞，much + 不可數(shù)名詞。例如：

How many people are there at the meeting? 多少人出席了會(huì)議。

How much time has we left? 還剩多少時(shí)間?

Many of the workers were at the meeting.許多工人在開(kāi)會(huì)。

Much of the time was spent on learning.學(xué)習(xí)上化了許多時(shí)間。

3.20 few, little, a few, a little

(a) few + 可數(shù)名詞, (a) little + 不可數(shù)名詞

a few / a little 為肯定含義，還有一點(diǎn)

few / little　為否定含義，沒(méi)有多少了。例如：

He has a few friends.　他有幾個(gè)朋友。

He has few friends.　 他幾乎沒(méi)有朋友。

We still have a little time. 我們還有點(diǎn)時(shí)間。

There is little time left. 幾乎沒(méi)剩下什么時(shí)間了。

固定搭配：only a few (=few)　 not a few (=many)　 quite a few (=many) many a (=many)。例如：

Many books were sold.

Many a book was sold. 賣(mài)出了許多書(shū)。

典型例題:

Although he 's wealthy，he spends___ on clothes.

A. little　 B. few　C. a little　 D. a few

答案： A. spend所指的是錢(qián)，不可數(shù)，只能用little或 a little. 本句為although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，由句意知后句為否定含義，因此應(yīng)用little表示幾乎不。

高三英語(yǔ)教案：《Art復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

一名愛(ài)崗敬業(yè)的教師要充分考慮學(xué)生的理解性，高中教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案為之后的教學(xué)做準(zhǔn)備。教案可以讓上課時(shí)的教學(xué)氛圍非常活躍，幫助高中教師營(yíng)造一個(gè)良好的教學(xué)氛圍。關(guān)于好的高中教案要怎么樣去寫(xiě)呢？下面是小編精心為您整理的“高三英語(yǔ)教案：《Art復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)”，希望能對(duì)您有所幫助，請(qǐng)收藏。

本文題目：高三英語(yǔ)一單元復(fù)習(xí)教案：Art復(fù)習(xí)教案

1、aim n. & v.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

(1) She went to London with the aim of finding a job.

(2) He took aim at the bird，fired and missed it.

(3) I drove fast，aiming for / at catching the last bus.

(4) The hunter aimed at the lion and fired.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配

A. 目標(biāo)，目的 (n.) B. 瞄準(zhǔn) (n.)

C. 瞄準(zhǔn)，對(duì)準(zhǔn) (v.) D. 意欲，旨在 (v.)

(1) A　(2) B　(3) D　(4) C

without aim 漫無(wú)目的地

with the aim of 以期……，意在……

achieve one's aim 達(dá)到目的

miss one's aim 希望落空，失敗

take aim at 向……瞄準(zhǔn) aim at 瞄準(zhǔn)

aim at(for) doing sth./aim to do sth. 旨在做某事

be aimed at 目的是，旨在……

aimless adj. 無(wú)目的的 aimlessly adv. 無(wú)目的地

用aim的適當(dāng)形式填空

A person with the (1) aim (n.) of being a success should always do things (2) aiming (v.) at what he has (3) aimed (v.) for. Though sometimes he will be (4) aimless (adj.) not knowing what to do; but when he realize what he is (5) aimed (v.) at and make firm steps, he will in time achieve his (6) aim (n.).

2、adopt vt.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

(1) My mother was adopted when she was four.

(2) Our school has adopted a new teaching method.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配：A. 收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng) 　B. 采用

(1) A　(2) B

adopt an approach / strategy / policy采用某方法 / 戰(zhàn)略 / 政策

an adopted son 養(yǎng)子

用adopt的適當(dāng)形式填空

When Tracy discovered that she was an (1) adopted ( adj. ) child, she felt depressed. She thought for two days and then decided to (2) adopt (v.) her best friend Charlie's suggestion — to find her birth mother.

3、possession n.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

(1)The car Tom was in_possession_of was once in_the_possession_of his uncle.

(2)The finance company now has_possession_of the house.

(3)We lost_all_our_possessions in the terrible earthquake.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配：A. 失去了所有財(cái)產(chǎn)　B. 擁有……　C. 擁有……的所有權(quán)　D.為……所有

(1) B;D　(2) C　(3) A

in the possession of 為……所占有

in one's possession 為某人所占有

take possession of 占有，擁有

have possession of 占有

possessions 財(cái)產(chǎn)(用復(fù)數(shù)) possess vt. 控制，占有

possess sb. of 使某人擁有 be possessed of 擁有

用possess的適當(dāng)形式填空

With his business going on well, he was at first (1) possessed (v.) of big houses, cars; and later he took (2) possession (n.) of stocks of different companies. Then, he found that everything he dreamed of was in his (3) possession (n.). But he was told that the meaning and success of life was not measured by the (4) possessions (n.) he had, but the devotion he made to the society.

4、score n. & v.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

(1) My score on the test was 85.

(2) A score of people was found missing in the storm.

(3) He scored high in the IQ test.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配：A. 分?jǐn)?shù)　B. 20　C. 得分

(1) A　(2) B　(3) C

scores of 許多，大量 a score of 20個(gè)

three score eggs60個(gè)雞蛋

three score of these eggs 這些雞蛋中的60個(gè)

表示“20”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式通常不加-s，且其后一般不接介詞of。當(dāng)其后的名詞前有the，these，those等表示特定的限定詞修飾時(shí)，或當(dāng)其后接us，them，you等人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)，score 后加of。

單項(xiàng)填空

()______ the engineers are watching over the project.

A. Scores of B. Three scores

C. Scores D. Three score of

D　句意：這些工程師中的60人正在視察這項(xiàng)工程。如果選擇A項(xiàng)，則要去掉engineers前面的定冠詞“the”;B項(xiàng)缺少of，且score不能用復(fù)數(shù)。

5、attempt n. & vt.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

(1)I let them talk on, without_any_attempt_to interrupt them.

(2)She made_every_attempt_to go.

(3)They attempted_to finish the work within a month.

(4)They have_attempted a difficult task.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配：A. 不想做……　B. 試圖做……

C. 開(kāi)始(任務(wù))　D. 千方百計(jì)地

(1) A　(2) D　(3) B　(4) C

make an attempt to do sth.試圖做某事

make an attempt on試圖對(duì)……攻擊

in an attempt to do sth. 嘗試做某事

attempt sth. / to do / doing sth. 企圖做某事

attempted adj. 企圖的，未遂的

用attempt的適當(dāng)形式填空

A hungry lion make several (1) attempts(n.) on the bull without success. It seemed that neither of them was to give up. Again, the lion (2) attempted (v.) to kill his prey but still failed. It was a long and hard work.

6、specific adj. & n.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

(1) I gave you specific instructions.

(2) The money was collected for a specific purpose.

(3) Aspirin is a specific for headache.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配：A. 具體的　B. 特效藥　C. 特定的

(1) A　(2) C　(3) B

a specific aim一個(gè)特定的目標(biāo)

a specific remedy 一種特定的療法

specifically adv. 明確地，具體地，特意地

specification n. 詳述; 說(shuō)明書(shū)

用specific的適當(dāng)形式填空

As I (1) specifically (adv.) mentioned last time, we should never start doing something without a (2) specific (adj.) purpose; or you are likely to fail. You will then feel sorry but there is no (3) specific (n.) for regret.

7、figure n. & v.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

(1)How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much?

(2)Where did you get these figures?

(3)He was one of the leading political figures of this century.

(4)I can't figure_out why he quit his job.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配：A. 想出 (v.)　B. 人物 (n.)　C. 數(shù)字、數(shù)據(jù)(n.)　D. 體形(n.)

(1) D　(2) C　(3) B　(4) A

keep one's figure 保持體型

a political figure 一位政治要人

figure out想出，理解

用figure的適當(dāng)形式填空

Being a popular social (1) figure (n.)， she always had to appear with a fine (2)figure(n.) and (3)figured (v.)out ways to attract the attention of the majority.

8、appeal v.&n.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

(1)The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime.

(2)The opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics appealed to the audience all over the world.

(3)He appealed to his friends for support.

(4)This case was appealed to a higher case.

(5)She made her last appeal to his mother to forgive her.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配：A. 上訴(vt.)　B. 有感染力，吸引(vi.)　C. 呼吁(vi.)　D. 懇求(n.)　E. 求助(vi.)

(1) C　(2) B　(3) E　(4) A　(5) D

appeal to sb. for sth. 呼吁某人某事

appeal to sb. 吸引某人

appeal to sb. to do sth.呼吁某人做某事

appeal for sth. 懇求，呼吁

用appeal的適當(dāng)形式填空

In his (1) appeal (n.) to me for help, he said something (2) appealing (adj.). But for his bad reputation, his words didn't seem to (3) appeal (v.) to me.

9、by coincidence

根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

(1)By_coincidence,_the day I got married was the same as the day my close friend John married.

(2)What do you think of the coincidence of two accidents?

根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配：A. 巧合地　B. 巧合 (n.)

(1)A　(2)B

be coincident with 與……一致，巧合的

用coincidence的適當(dāng)形式填空

The agent's sudden disappearance was (1) coincident with his sudden death, which Tom thought was not just (2) by coincidence.

() 1. (2008?江西) Jack is late again. It is ______ of him to keep others waiting.

A. normal B. ordinary

C. common D. typical

A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. (P2)

D　考查形容詞的辨析。normal 正常的;ordinary 普通的;common常見(jiàn)的; typical典型的，代表性的。根據(jù)句意可知，只有D 項(xiàng)符合題意。

() 2. (2008?上海春)Some people maintain that watching violence on TV is one of the major causes of ______ behavior and crime in society.

A. childish B. artificial

C. aggressive D. heroic

C　考查形容詞辨析。childish 孩子般的，幼稚的; artificial 人工的; heroic英雄的，英勇的;aggressive有進(jìn)取心的;侵略的，好斗的。句意為：有些人堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為?？措娨暽铣尸F(xiàn)的暴力鏡頭是造成社會(huì)上好斗行為及犯罪的主要原因之一。

Sally is not an aggressive person. (P5)

() 3. (2010?湖北)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them.

A. in preference to B. in place of

C. in agreement with D. in exchange for

Frick had a preference for pre-twentieth century Western paintings, and these are well-represented in this excellent collection. (P6)

D　考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。in preference to優(yōu)先于;in place of代替;in agreement with同意，與……一致;in exchange for交換。句意為：公務(wù)員向人索取錢(qián)物作為提供便利代價(jià)的行為是違法的。

() 4. (2009?安徽)China has got a good ______ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.

A. reputation B. influence

C. impression D. knowledge

A　考查名詞辨析。have a good reputation for 因……有好名聲。 have influence / impression與on 搭配。have a good knowledge of 對(duì)……很熟悉，通曉。根據(jù)句意，中國(guó)由于其在抗擊流感方面的精心而有序的組織廣受好評(píng)。

The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection. (P6)