高中英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2021-05-02初中英語(yǔ)(新課標(biāo)版)中考總復(fù)習(xí)沖刺材料2。
31.______you_______(look)foraball?Yes.Iam.
32.He_______always_______(try)outhisnewideas.
33.Theworldpopulation__________(grow)fasterandfaster.
34.What_______Lucy_________(wear)today?She_______(wear)adarkblueskirt.
35.______you_______(make)acake?No.I__________(make)dumplings.
36.It________(rain)hardnow.Ifit_________(notstop),we________(notgo)tothepark.
37.Thechildren________(go)theparknextweek.They________(have)agoodtimethere.
38.Hewithhisfather_________(play)footballtomorrow.
39.Myfriend_________(come)toseemeintwodays.
40.What______you_______(do)thisSunday?Nothingmuch.______we______(go)shopping?
That’sagoodidea.When______we______(meet)?
41.There__________(be)afootballmatchthedayaftertomorrow.
42.Jim__________(have)aswimthisevening.Afterthat,he________(do)hishomework.
43.ClassThree__________(nothave)anyclassesnextweek.
44.I________(buy)askirtformydaughternextmonth.
45._______you_______(start)yourhomework?Yes,butI_________(notfinish)ityet.
46.What________you________(do)withthelibrarybook?I_____just_______(return)it.
47.Excuseme.I________(lose)mycat._____you______(see)itanywhere?
48.IfI_______(lose)thebook,Imustpayforit.
49.I_______(come)togetmypanback..______you_______(finish)usingit?Notyet.
50._____youever_______(milk)acow?No,never.
51.Howlong_____you______(be)atthisschool?Fortwoyears.
52.He________(teach)inthisschoolfortenyears.I_________(live)heresincelastyear.
53.Morethantwodays________(pass)sinceweleft.
54._______you______(take)hertemperature?Yes,Ihave.I_______(have)acoldforaweek.
55._______you_______(sleep)well?Yes,I______(sleep)wellallnight.
56.I_______never________(hear)ofthatbefore.
56.Chinese_________(speak)bythelargestpeopleintheworld.
57.Thisbike_______(make)inShanghai.Bananas_________(grow)inthesouthofChina.
58.Metal_________(use)formakingmachines.
59.Sheep_________(keep)farmersforproducingwoolandmutton.
60.Thewatch_________(buy)twoyearsago.It_________(buy)fortwoyears.
61.Thebike_________(use)fortenyears.It________(break)downfortwomonths.
62.______you______(wear)italot?Yes.It_______(wear)fortenyears.
63.Theyoungtreemust__________(tie)tothestick.
64.Treesshould__________(plant)inspring.
65.Silk________(produce)inSuzhou.
66.Someofthethings________(show)inthemuseumnow.
67.ThePRC_________(found)onOctober1,1949.
68.Thelostboy_______(find)yesterday.
69.Thebook_________(write)inEnglishItcan__________(read)bymanypeople.
70.Oldpeopleshould___________(speak)topolitely.
71.Theteachershould____________(listen)tocarefully.
72.She_________(surprise)atthenewsjustnow.
73.She__________(see)torunintotheroombymefiveminutesago.
74.Theground_________(cover)withsnowinwinter.
75.Fruitshould__________(harvest)attherighttime.
76.Therearetwentymoretreesto___________(plant).
77.He________(mistake)forJimbythemanyesterday.
78.Greatchanges_________(happen)inthevillagesince1985.
79.Thecheapestpen________(choose)byhimatlast.
80.Thecarmust___________(drive)slowlybyoldmen.
綜合練習(xí):
1.Thegirl_____(draw)acoontheblackboardwithchalknow.
2.When_____you______(lose)thebook?
3.Howmanytimes______youruncle____(be)toDalian?Twice
4.Thegirlalways_______(prefer)Chinesetomaths.
5.Thegirl_______(learn)tomilksincelastyear.
6.–What`sthegirlcryingfor?---She______(cut)herfinger.
7.Stop______.(guess).MrsHuhastoldmewhowonthehighjump.
8.Thedogoften____(follow)theyoungmaneverywhere.
9.Canyou_______(guess)itisn`this?
0.Hurryup,oryou(catch)______thetrain.
11.Rechard________(give)youacallassoonasyoucomesback.
12.Thelittleboyhurthishead.He_____(need)anoperationatonce.
13.Don`tworry.We_______(send)forthepolicemen.
14.Myradio_______(break).Ican`tlistentoit.
15.Robertlayquietlywhilethedoctors________(operate)onhim.
16.Don`tworry.They_______(take)goodcareofyoursinifyougotosavethesoldiers.
17.Mostpeople_______(hate)thebadweather.
18.Thespy________(cover)theblankswhilethepolicemencamein.
19.Don`tgotoseehim.He_________(change)hismind.
20.Jim______(make)afewfriendssincehecametoChina.
21.Don`tworry.Theforeignchildren_______(get)onwellonwellwiththeirclassmates.
22.Who_______(wear)thesweateroutsidelastnight?
23.Look.Youbrother________(fight)withJohn.
24._______thedoor______?(lock)
25.Glasses_________(make)ofglass.
26.Silk_______(sell)insomeshopsinthetown..
27.Thefactory_________(produce)machines.
28.DoyouknowtheFrenchman/Yes,I__________(know)himfortwoyears.
29.Thefarmersoften_________(sell)theirvegetablesinthemarket.
30.Howmanytelevisions___________(make)inthefactorylastweek?
31.Athermosisusedfor_________(keep)thewaterhot.
32.Canthemotorbike_________?(ride)
33.Theoldwoman__________(lock)theboxwhenshegoesout.
34.Don’tbeafraid.Thedogmust_________(tie)tothetree.
35.Allthenewwords__________(notlook)upinthedictionaryyet.
36.Howmanybabies__________(bear)intheworldeveryyear”
37.Thewoman_______(have)ababythismorning.
38.Theshoesinyoursize__________(sell)out.
39.Jackfelloverwhilehe______(pass0thestickontothesecondrunner.
40.Sorry,Ikeptyou________(wait)solong.
41.Theboyisalwaysmade________(wash)hisfaceinthemorning.
42.What_______(be)thepopulationintheworldbytheendofthiscentury?
43.MrBrownhasstoppedsmokingsincehe________(operate)on?
44.Tomsaidhe______(be)ateacherwhenhegrewup.
45.Hisjacket_______(wear)out.Hewantstobuyanewone.
46.Thewoman_______(seem)alwaysangry.
47.Willyougotoseethefilm?Thanks,but_________(see)it?
48.MissLi________(be)Washingtonforoneandahalfyears.
49.Whenwillyoufinish______thebook?(write)
50.I______(leave)mypeninthebedroom.Ihavetowritewithapencil.
51.Stoptalking.Theheadmaster_________(come).
52.Thebookcan________(keep)fortwoweeks.
53.Aftersuppershewenton_________(do)herhomework.
54.Itwasacoldnight.Anoldman_______(lie)underachairinthepark.
55.Doctors_________(need)ineverypartoftheworld.
56.She______(say)sheworksinanoffice.
57.Hisfather________(die)fortwomonths.
58.Bytheendofthismonth,Bill________(catch)upwithBruce.
59.Why_______youalways______(follow)me?
60.Thegirl_______(hurry)offjustnow.
61.Howmuch________you_______(spend)onthenexttravel?
62.MrBrown_______(come)intenminutes
63.Allthechildren________(take)goodcareofintheschool.
64.I________(go)withyouifyouagreewithme.
65.What_______(happen)atthecornerofthestreetnow?
66.Theyoungmanwasverylazy,sohe________(send)away.
67.Thewoman________(nothear)fromherhusbandsincelastApril.
68.Theboywassadbecausehisteam_______(beat).
69.Twooftheplayers_____(hurt)whileplayingfootball.
70.Pleasegoandseeafilmwithmewhenyou______(finish)
71.Howsoon_____you______(go)againtoChengdu?
72.Couldyoutellmewhat_______(grow)intheSouth?
73.Hislittlesister______still_____(sleep)whenhe______(get)upyesterday.
74.I`llpassthemessageontoLunyassoonasI________(see)hernextweek.
75.Mum_______(have)supperatsixeveryevening.
76.What______this_____(call)inEnglish?
77.Doyoufeellike______(walk)tothecornerwithme?
78.Eachofthepupils_______anhourtofinishthepaperyesterday.(give)
79.Youruncle_____underthetree,isn`the?(lie)
80.Heaskedmeifit_______(rain)thenextmorning.
81.You`dbetter_______(go)toseeadoctor.
82.We______(learn)overtenEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.
83.Theteam______(choose)yesterdayafternoon.
84.Hedoesn`tletus________(draw)onthewall.
85.Ilike_______(read)inbed.
86.It______(get)late,Imustgohome.
87.Neitherofus_______(have)muchtime.
88.Itgetstoohotfor_______(climb)
89.Hismother______(be)anursefornearlytenyears.
90.Bequite!Thebaby______(sleep).
91.Anewbridge_______(build)intheparklastyear.
92.Lucy______(do)herhomework.You`dbetter_____(turn)offtheTVset.
93.I_____(see)himyesterday.
94.Hersister______(learn)todrawsinceshewasfour.
95.Awoman_______(see)gointotheboy`sroom.
96.I_______(call)youassoonasIgettoBeijing.
97.Idon`tknowwhenshe______(return),butwhenshe_____(return).
98.Ifthere______(be)nowater,there_____(be)nolivingthingsontheearth.
99.I______(receive)aletteryesterday.It(write)bymybrother.He_______(stay)inHainan.He_____(be)therefornearlyayear.Inhisletter,he_____(say)he_____(return)toXuzhouthenextmonth.Ifhe_________(come)back,he______(leave).Andanewtheatre_____(build)nearourhome.It_____(finish)intwoweeks.
100.MyfriendLi_______(get)awatch.He_______(have)itfortwoyears.It_____(make)inatown.He_______(buy)itinastreetmarketand______(wear)ittoschoolalmosteveryday.Buthe________(like)it.It_______(have)often______(break)down.Hewouldlikeabetterone.Nexttimehe______(buy)onefromashop.
賓語(yǔ)從句:賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)。由下列詞引導(dǎo),
1.由that引導(dǎo)(that在口語(yǔ)中可省略)
Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.
Shesaid(that)shewouldleaveamessageonhisdesk.
HewasafraidthathewouldforgethisChinese.
2.接連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo).(what.who.which.whose/where,when,how……).
Doyouknowwhattimethetrainleaves?
Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein?
Iwantedtoknowwhereweshouldshowourtickets.
3.whether或if引導(dǎo)
Lilywantedtoknowifitwouldrainthenextday.
SheaskediftheywouldgototheparkthisSunday.
*在選擇疑問(wèn)句中,或與ornot連用時(shí),必須用whether而不能用if。
變賓語(yǔ)從句需要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
a.時(shí)態(tài)變化:主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài)
主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句必須是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的一種
主句是將來(lái)時(shí),從句必須是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
B.人稱變化:不常用如:Heaskedme.“Areyouateacher?”
HeaskedmeifIwasateacher。
C.語(yǔ)序變化:WhereisMike?Doyouknow?
DoyouknowwhereMikeis?
Practise:
1.Hesaid.Theboyisacleverboy.
2.Heissure.Histeamcanbeatthem
3.Hewasafraid.Itwillbewindytomorrow.
4.Hesaid.Thelostbookwasfounded.
5.Hehopes….Hewillbeabletopasstheexam.
6.Heasked…..Whenwillthebusarrive?
7.Motheraskedherson….Whosepenareyouusing?
8.Thechildrensaid…..weenjoyourselvesverymuch.
9.Theboyaskedme…..Haveyouheardanynoisefromoutside?
10.Doyouknow….Whichwaymustwetaketo?
11.Idon’tknow…..Whyishelateforthemeeting?
12.Doyouremember…Whendidhedie?
13.Nobodyknows…Whenwillhecomeback?
14.Doyouknow…Whataretheylookingfor?
15.Heaskedme…Howlongdoesittaketowalktoschool?
16.Fatheraskedme…Whatiswrongwithyou?
17.Ididn’tknow…Heisgoingtohaveaboy.
18.Theyneverasked…Willitbeaboyoragirl?
19.Hedidn’tknow…populationisabigproblem.
20.Ithought…Hewillcomebacksoon.
21.Heaskedme…WhichTVprogrammewillyouwatch?
22.Idon’tknow…Willitgrowfast?
23.Lilyasked…Canthemanhelpthem
24.MotheraskedDotheyhaveacheaperone?
25.SheaskedLucy…Doyouneedsomemoretea?
26.Theteacheraskedus…Doyouhaveanyquestions?
27.Heasked…WhatdidLucysay?
28.Shedidn’tknow…Whowasintheroom?
29.Theywantedknow…Whatisinthestockings?
30.Heasked…Whatishispresent?
31.Heasked…DidJimhaveagoodjourneyhome?
32.Hewantedtoknow…WasitwarminMoscow?
33.Heasked…WhereisJack?
34.Hewantedtoknow…Whathashappened?
35.Heasked…Isanybodyhurt?
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:常用下列詞語(yǔ)when、after、before、assoonas、(not)until、since
關(guān)于主、從句的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系與賓語(yǔ)從句一致
1.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenhecamein.
2.IwillwritetoyouassoonasIgetthere.
3.Iwillfinishthecookingbeforemymothercomesback.
4.Ididn`tgotobeduntilmymotherreturnedhome
條件狀語(yǔ)從句:1.Wewon`tgototheparkifitrainstomorrow.
2.Ifyouhavelostthebook,youmustpayforit.
原因狀語(yǔ)從句:常用下列詞語(yǔ)because,for,as,so
1.IamlatebecauseImissedthetrain.
2.Hewaslazysohedidn`tpasstheexam.
綜合練習(xí):用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空
1.Youcannotgototheclassroom_____theyarehavingalesson.
2.______theyarrivedatthetheatre,theplayhadalreadybegun.
3.TomspeaksEnglish____well____anEnglishman.
4._______Iwaswalkinginthepark,ImetTom
5._______Ihaddonemyhomework,Iwenthome.
6.______shegothome,shebegantowashherclothes.
7.Tom`smotherhadbeenateacher_____shewastwenty.
8.Iwaited______hehadfinishedhiswork.
9.Youwillstudy_______youstudyhard.
10.______hehastime,hewillcomeandseeusinChangchun.
11.Idon`tlikewinterthere____itisverycold.
(共19講)
名詞當(dāng)然是大家都很熟悉的了,我們吃的food,喝的drinks,穿的clothes都是名詞。Itiseasy,right?但是你可能被名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化、名詞作定語(yǔ)以及名詞所有格等問(wèn)題搞得糊里糊涂的,到底該怎么用呢?OK,followme。
First,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的特殊變化。
普通名詞的復(fù)數(shù)我們知道是直接加-s或-es,可是偏偏有一些名詞不聽話,變化不規(guī)則。這些小調(diào)皮是:
a.class,box,watch,brush等詞以s,x,ch,sh,結(jié)尾,復(fù)數(shù)要加-es;
b.story,factory等以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的詞復(fù)數(shù)要先將-y變成-i再加-es;
c.knife,wife,life等以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞一般先將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v,再加-es;
d.以-o結(jié)尾的名詞,一般來(lái)說(shuō),末尾是"元音字母+o"的詞加-s,我們學(xué)過(guò)的有radio,zoo。末尾是"輔音字母+o"的詞,變復(fù)數(shù)加-es。如:tomato,hero,potato,當(dāng)然其中的piano和photo,又是一個(gè)例外,他們的結(jié)尾只能加-s。
e.child(children),foot(feet),tooth(teeth),mouse(mice),man(men),woman(women)等詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化全不遵循規(guī)則。
注意:與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。如:anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;
f.deer,sheep等詞更是懶得可以,竟然單復(fù)數(shù)同形。好記好記。people,police,cattle等詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù),所以它們的謂語(yǔ)當(dāng)然也是復(fù)數(shù)形式,這就是集體名詞。theEnglish,theFrench,theChinese等名詞表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí),也作復(fù)數(shù)用。
注意:maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞,雖然以-s結(jié)尾,仍為不可數(shù)名詞。還有theUnitedStates(美國(guó)),theUnitedNations(聯(lián)合國(guó))等應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。
別奇怪,名詞有時(shí)也可以作定語(yǔ)的。它作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般用單數(shù),但也有以下例外。
a.man,woman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí),它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如:men workers,womenteachers。
b.數(shù)詞+名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式,中間加連字符。如:aten-milewalk十里路,two-hundredtrees兩百棵樹。
哇!這些問(wèn)題好復(fù)雜,我好想輕松一下。那我們就輕輕松松地面對(duì)名詞所有格問(wèn)題。
這里面內(nèi)容可謂少之又少,可也不能小視呦。
名詞所有格:
表示“……的”通常是在名詞的后面加-s,如:Childrensday,fathersshoes。但以-s結(jié)尾的名詞因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)有s了,只需加就OK了。如果兩個(gè)名詞并列,并且分別有s,.則表示“分別有”。.如:JohnsandMarysroom(約翰和瑪麗各有一間,共兩間);兩個(gè)名詞并列,只有一個(gè)s,則表示"共有"。如:JohnandMarysroom(約翰和瑪麗共有一間)。
還有些無(wú)生命名詞的所屬要用介詞of來(lái)幫助一下,如:amapofChina,theendofthisterm。
好,名詞部分我們已經(jīng)學(xué)完,Itsapieceofcake?接下來(lái)到了我們趁熱打鐵的時(shí)間了,
Areyouready?
練習(xí):
1.Allthe_____teachersand______studentsarehavingameetingthere.
A.women…girls
B.women…girl
C.woman…girls
D.woman…girl
2.MrBlackisafriendof_________.
A.Jacksaunts
B.Jacksaunt
C.Jackaunts
D.auntsofJack
3.Thistoywasmadebya____boy.
A.ten-year-old
B.ten-years-old
C.ten-year-older
D.ten-years-older
4.Thefarmerraisedten_________.
A.sheeps
B.deers
C.horse
D.cows
5.Shelookedatussadlywithhereyesaslargeas_________.
A.hergrandmother
B.hergrandmothers
C.hergrandmothers
D.thatofhergrandmother
6.Wehavemovedintoa________.
A.two-storeyhouse
B.houseoftwostorey
C.two-storeyshouse
D.twostoreyshouse
7.The______wastoomuchforthechildtocarry.
A.boxssteel
B.boxofasteel
C.steelbox
D.boxofthesteel
8.WellgiveourEnglishteacheracardfor_________.
A.theTeachersDay
B.TeachersDay
C.aTeachersDay
D.TeachersDay
9.LiPingmetanoldfriendof_______onatrainyesterday.
A.he
B.him
C.his
D.her
10._________arebigandbright.
A.Theclassroomwindow
B.Thewindowoftheclassroom
C.Thewindowsoftheclassroom
D.Theclassroomswindows
實(shí)戰(zhàn):
1.Dontworry.Yoursonwillcomebackin______hour.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
2.Thisniceblouseisntmine.Its______.
A.you
B.your
C.Lucy
D.yours
3.Whats"potato"inChinese??。璉ts_____.
A.香蕉
B.大白菜
C.西紅柿
D.土豆
4.Theninthmonthofayearis_______.
A.December
B.November
C.September
D.October
5.A:MustIleavenow?
B:No,you_______.
A.neednt
B.mustnt
C.dont
D.wont
6.Wehaveahistorylesson______Wednesdayafternoon.
A.on
B.of
C.at
D.to
7.Suanhasmadequite______friendssinceshecametoChina.
A.few
B.afew
C.little
D.alittle
8.A:Haveyouever______totheWestLake?
B:Yes,I______therelastwinter.
A.gone,went
B.been,went
C.gone,havebeen
D.been,have
9.Doyou________English?
A.tell
B.say
C.talk
D.speak
10.A:MayI_______yourruler?
B:OK,Imgladto_______ittoyou.
A.lend,borrow
B.lend,lend
C.borrow,lend
D.borrow,borrow
11.Wellgotothemuseumifit_______tomorrow.
A.cantrain
B.wontrain
C.dontrain
D.doesntrian
12.Doyouknow________?
A.wheredoeshestudy
B.hestudieswhere
C.wherehestudies
D.hewherestudies
13.A:_______doyougotoseeyourgrandparents?
B:Onceamonth
A.Howoften
B.Howlong
C.howmuch
D.howmany
14.A:Wouldyoulikeanothercupoforange?
B:______Imfull.
A.No,thanks
B.Yes,please.
C.Hereitis.
D.Idontlike.
15.Youmustbetired.Whynot________arest?
A.tostoptohave
B.stophaving
C.stoptohave
D.tostophaving
我們剛剛講完了名詞,現(xiàn)在再來(lái)看看名詞的brother—代詞。它與名詞的作用其實(shí)很相似,所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)木渲谐煞忠蚕嗖畈欢?。但也別小看代詞呀!它還有很多的“小個(gè)性”呢!只要抓住它的幾個(gè)“小脾氣”,那么你就可以牢牢地掌握它了。
代詞中第一個(gè)“小個(gè)性”就是物主代詞。像my和mine這兩個(gè)小冤家總是讓人分不清誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)。但你只要記住它們最重要的區(qū)別—my的后面一定要接名詞,不可以單獨(dú)出現(xiàn),只能做定語(yǔ),如:myfather;而mine則是名詞性,只能單獨(dú)出現(xiàn),在句中做主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如:Mineisgreen.Itsmine.記住這兩個(gè)句子,凡是名詞性物主代詞(yours,hers,his,its,ours,theirs)就都可以放在mine的位置上了。這樣,通過(guò)它們出現(xiàn)的位置不同,我們就可以把它們區(qū)別開了。
代詞的第二個(gè)“羅嗦”就是它有一個(gè)小跟班-self(selves)—反身代詞,也就是表示“自己、親自”的意思。關(guān)于反身代詞,需要注意的是她不能單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ),但可以放在人稱代詞后面,做同位語(yǔ)。如:Marryherselfsaidso.瑪麗她自己這么說(shuō)的。(不能說(shuō)Herselfsaidso.)下面我給你開點(diǎn)小灶,單獨(dú)講一講須“特特”注意的地方。
Of+名詞性物主代詞:of+物主代詞構(gòu)成雙重所有格。公式為:a(an,this,that)+名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞。牢記公式,舉一反三。因?yàn)槲镏鞔~不可與a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,no,each,every,such,another等詞一起前置,修飾一個(gè)名詞,而必須用雙重所有格。如:afriendofmine(我的一個(gè)朋友),eachbrotherofhis(他的每一個(gè)兄弟).
some,any的用法:我們都知道some用于肯定句中,而any則用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。所以somebody,someone也用于肯定句中,而anybody、anyone則用于否定和疑問(wèn)句中。
注意:在Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?(要來(lái)點(diǎn)咖啡嗎?)這樣的肯定疑問(wèn)句中,說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為對(duì)方的答案會(huì)是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答時(shí),用some而不用any。
every和each的用法:every強(qiáng)調(diào)全體的概念,指三個(gè)以上的人或物(含三個(gè)),不可單獨(dú)使用;each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念。指兩個(gè)以上的人或物(含兩個(gè)),可單獨(dú)使用.。Everystudentinourschoolworkshard.(我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。)Eachstudentmayhaveonebook..(每個(gè)學(xué)生都可有一本書。)
both,either,neither的用法:
both意為“兩者全都”,與復(fù)數(shù)連用。either意為“兩者中間的任何一個(gè)”,neither表示“兩者之間一個(gè)也不是”,與單數(shù)連用。如:BothofthethemcomefromLondon。他們兩人都是倫敦人。Youmaytakeeitherwithyou。兩個(gè)中間你隨便帶哪個(gè)都行。Neitheriscorrect。兩個(gè)都不對(duì)。
Few,afew和little,alittle的用法:
Few,afew用來(lái)代替和修飾可數(shù)名詞,little,alittle用來(lái)代替和修飾不可數(shù)名詞;afew和alittle著重肯定意思,相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)“有幾個(gè)”,“有一點(diǎn)兒”;few和little著重否定意思,相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)“沒(méi)有幾個(gè)”,“沒(méi)有多少”
OK,代詞部分我們已經(jīng)學(xué)完,Itsapieceofcake?接下來(lái)到了我們趁熱打鐵的時(shí)間了,
Areyouready?
練習(xí):
1.Wehadplentyofpaperbut______ink.
A.afew
B.few
C.notmany
D.notmuch
2.Learningaforeignlanguageisespeciallydifficultforthosewhohavehaveneverlearned______before.
A.one
B.it
C.them
D.that
3.Wereverybusybecauseweveso______bookstoreadandso_______homeworktodoeveryday.
A.much...many
B.many...much
C.many...alot
D.alot...much
4.Ithought______ofthematterbutstillcouldntfindoutthereason.
A.every
B.both
C.nothing
D.everything
5.Mycarisnotsoexpensiveas________.
A.him
B.hes
C.he
D.his
6.LilyandLucyhavearrived,but_______studentsarenthereyet.
A.other
B.others
C.theother
D.theothers
7.Therearehighbuildingson______sideofthestreet.
A.both
B.every
C.any
D.either
8.-Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?
-______eggsand______milk.
ALittle...afew
B.Alittle...alittle
C.Afew...alittle
D.Afew...afew
9.______isdifficultintheworldifyouputyourheartintoit.
A.Something
B.Anything
C.Nothing
D.Everything
10.Isthisstorythesameas______inthatbook?
A.theone
B.what
C.that
D.it
實(shí)戰(zhàn):
1.Thereis_________oldwomaninthecar.
A.不填
B.the
C.a
D.an
2.Weoftengotothepark_______Sundays.
A.on
B.in
C.at
D.from
3.Mybook________onthedesk.
A.is
B.am
C.are
D.be
4.Whichlanguageis________,English,FrenchorChinese?
A.difficult
B.thedifficult
C.moredifficult
D.themostdifficult
5.-________bookisthis?
-ItsKates.
A.when
B.Why
C.Where
D.whose
6.-CanyouwritealetterinEnglish?
-No,I_____.
A.maynot
B.mustnt
C.cant
D.neednt
7.I________myhomeworkwhenMikecamelastnight.
A.do
B.wasdoing
C.amdoing
D.havedone
8.Hebeganto________Englishthreeyearsago.
A.learn
B.learns
C.learned
D.learning
9.Jimisadriver,_______he?
A.does
B.doesnt
C.is
D.isnt
10."Whatswrong_________you?"thedoctorasked.
A.from
B.with
C.for
D.at
11.Heisrich,________heisnthappy.
A.or
B.so
C.and
D.but
12.-WhereisAlice?
-She__________tothelibrary.
A.goes
B.willgo
C.hasgone
D.hadgone
13."Help_________tosomefish,Mary."Myauntsaidtome.
A.themselves
B.ourselves
C.yourself
D.himself
14.Wellstayathomeifit________tomorrow.
A.rain
B.rains
C.israining
D.willrain
15.Thestudents_________onafarmfortendays.Thenthey_________toafactory.
Thoughthey_______backschool,theystillrememberthosefarmersandworkers.
A.havestayed,went,was
B.hadstayed,go,are
C.havestayed,go,havebeen
D.havestayed,went,were
Springiscoming.Thetreesaregreen,andtheflowersare beautiful.
多么美的季節(jié)?。∥覀円ソ加?去感受、去描繪我們周圍美好的事物。形容詞會(huì)幫你忙。可是形容詞怎么使用起來(lái)老出錯(cuò)呀?不是放錯(cuò)了位置,搞錯(cuò)了級(jí)別,就是在使用多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)排錯(cuò)了順序。當(dāng)然了,形容詞使用時(shí)需要遵循一些規(guī)則的。想知道嗎?接著往下看。
abeautifullittlenewwhitewoodenhouse從這個(gè)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的詞中可以看出多個(gè)形容詞作
定語(yǔ)時(shí)排列有一定的先后順序。它們往往遵循以下規(guī)律:冠詞或人稱代詞所有格+數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)+大小+形狀+表示老少、新舊+顏色+事物質(zhì)地、人的國(guó)籍、用途。其實(shí),你大可不必這樣費(fèi)神記,只要記住我給你的句子就可以了。
Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike。這句話可能讓你撓撓頭皮,為什么wrong放在
something的后面呢?原來(lái)雖然大部分形容詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)的位置是放在名詞之前的,但當(dāng)形容詞所修飾的詞為something,anything,nothing,everything等以-thing為字尾的詞語(yǔ)時(shí),形容詞要后置。
形容詞級(jí)別問(wèn)題:
a.Ourclassroomistwicelargerthantheirs。(我們的教室是他們的兩倍。)這種表示倍數(shù)的句子用…times+形容詞比較級(jí)+than…這樣的格式。你記住了嗎?
b.Imthreeyearsolderthanyou.(我比你大三歲。)表示"大三歲,""高二厘米"等時(shí)用"表示數(shù)量詞的詞+比較級(jí)"。
c."越來(lái)越……"用"比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)"來(lái)表示。如:Theearthisgettingwarmerandwarmer。(地球變得越來(lái)越暖和。)
d."越……就越……"用"the+比較級(jí)…,the+比較級(jí)…"來(lái)表示。如:Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels。(他越忙,越覺(jué)得高興。)
最高級(jí)用法的用法就很簡(jiǎn)單了,提醒你一點(diǎn),最高級(jí)要用于三者以上。還有幾點(diǎn)是不得不提的:
alone和lonely:Ifeellonely,becauseIamaloneathome.你獨(dú)自一人在家用
"alone"表示"單獨(dú)的"、"獨(dú)自一人的",它表示一個(gè)客觀事實(shí),在句中只能做表語(yǔ)。你在家感到寂寞,
用"lonely",表示主觀上感到"孤獨(dú)""寂寞",指一種悲傷憂郁的情緒,可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。
older和elder:Jackisolderthanme,heismyelderbrother.杰克比我大要用"older",表示"年紀(jì)大的,年老的",常用做表語(yǔ);他是我的長(zhǎng)兄用"elder",表示"年老的,年長(zhǎng)的",用做定語(yǔ),只用于比較兩個(gè)人的長(zhǎng)幼,只能作表語(yǔ)。
接下來(lái)又到了我們趁熱打鐵的時(shí)間了,你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?
練習(xí):
1.Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.
A.littletwoother
B.twolittleother
C.twootherlittle
D.littleothertwo
2.Whichisthe_______country,JapanorAustralia?
A.moredeveloped
B.moredeveloping
C.mostdeveloped
D.mostdeveloping
3.-HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?
-Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthe___daysattheseaside.
A.fewlastsunny
B.lastfewsunny
C.lastsunnyfew
D.fewsunnylast
4.Thebooksarenot________tobepublished.
A.enoughintersting
B.interestingenough
C.sointeresting
D.toointeresting
5.Whatsyour_______sports?
A.themostfavorite
B.mostfavorite
C.favorite
D.thefavorite
6.Theres________withtherecorder
A.anythingwrong
B.wronganything
C.somethingwrong
D.wrongsomething
7.Hissisteris_______thanhe.
A.youngerfiveyears
B.fiveyearsyounger
C.fiveyearyounge
D.fiveyoungeryears
8.-WeshouldspeakEnglishinandafterclass.
-Yes,_____,________.
A.more,better
B.themore,thebette
C.much,better
D.theoften,thebetter
9.Theoldmanlivesalone,hefeels________.
A.alone
B.lonely
C.lone
D.alonely
10.Ithinkbananasare________ofallthefruits.
A.delicious
B.muchdelicious
C.moredelicious
D.themostdelicious
實(shí)戰(zhàn):
1.-WhatsthisinEnglish?
-Its______apple.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D.不填
2.Iwasborn________February18,1981.
A.on
B.in
C.at
D.of
3.Thereisnt______waterintheglass.
A.some
B.lots
C.many
D.any
4.-"________doyouwatchTV?"
-"Twiceaweek."
A.Howlong
B.Howfar
C.Howoften
D.Howmany
5.Ihavetwopencils,oneislong,_______isshort.
A.another
B.other
C.theother
D.others
6.Theyarepoor,_______theyarealwayshappy.
A.and
B.but
C.or
D.so
7._______beautifultheflowersare!
A.How
B.What
C.Howa
D.Whata
8.-"Doyou________English?"
-"Onlyalittle."
A.tell
B.speak
C.say
D.talk
9.Thereareabout_________studentsinourgrade.
A.twohundredsandtwenty-five
B.twohundredsandtwentyfive
C.twohundredandtwenty-five
D.twohundredtwenty-five
10.HisnameisRobertThomasBrown.Thestudentscallhim________.
A.MrRobert
B.MrThomas
C.MrThomasBrown
D.MrBrown
11.Yourbooksarehere,whereare_________?
A.my
B.mine
C.I
D.me
12.Shewillwritetomesasoomasshe_______inParis.
A.willarrive
B.arrive
C.arriving
Darrives
13.-"Itsafineday,______?"
-"Yes,letsgooutforawalk."
A.isit
B.itis
C.isntit
D.itisnt
14.Couldyoutellus________?
A.whenwillthemeetingstart
B.whenthemeetingwillstart
C.themeetingwillstartwhen
D.thenmeetingwhenwillstart
15.-"Mybikeisbroken,canyoumendit?"
-"Sorry,______."
A.Icant
B.Iwont
C.Ican
D.Idont
學(xué)完了形容詞,副詞講解起來(lái)會(huì)更容易一些。一般認(rèn)為形容詞+ly就變成了副詞,如形容詞quick
加上-ly變成副詞quickly。但是象friendly,lovely雖然以ly結(jié)尾,但實(shí)則是形容詞,Sheisfriendlytome(她對(duì)我很友好。)可千萬(wàn)不要誤認(rèn)為是副詞喲!
副詞可修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞,這些用法相信大家已經(jīng)掌握。那我們挑選一下易混、易用錯(cuò)的來(lái)詳細(xì)講解一下。
already和yet:
WhereisTom?Hehasntcomeyet.ButJackisalreadyhere.這句話中又是already,又有yet,是怎么回事嗎?原來(lái)already和yet意思雖然相同,但用法有點(diǎn)小區(qū)別。表示事情早已發(fā)生或提前發(fā)生用already,一般放于句中,用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句。含有already的肯定句,變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí),要將already變?yōu)閥et,且放在句尾。yet表示預(yù)料要發(fā)生的事未發(fā)生,位于句尾,一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。
還迷糊嗎?再迷糊,只好再看一看上面的例句嘍。
hard和hardly:
hard,hardly兩者雖然只有-ly之差,意義卻大不相同。hard表示"辛苦,使勁,努力,"如:He
worksveryhard.(他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。)而hardly為否定副詞,表示"幾乎不"。如:Theboxissoheavythathecouldhardlycarryit.(這箱子是那么沉,他幾乎搬不動(dòng)。)
ago和before:
ago不能單獨(dú)使用,應(yīng)與threedays(months,weeks)等連用,而且和動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)連用。如:Imetmyneighbouranhourago.Before之前有"一段時(shí)間"時(shí),指"距這段時(shí)間以前",和過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用。如:Hesaidhehadfinishedtheworktwodaysbefore.(他說(shuō)他兩天前已完成了工作。)如果before單獨(dú)使用,是泛指"以前",常常和完成時(shí)連用。如:Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.(我以前沒(méi)看過(guò)這部電影。)
farther和further:
far有兩種比較級(jí),farther,further.在英語(yǔ)中兩者都可指距離。如:Herunsfartherthanshedoes.(他比她跑得遠(yuǎn)。)在美語(yǔ)中,farther表示距離,further表示進(jìn)一步。如:Ihavenothingfurthertosay.(我沒(méi)什么要說(shuō)的了。)
至于副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)問(wèn)題,參照形容詞的就OK了。
試試趁熱打鐵如何?
練習(xí):
1.Theteacherwasveryangryanddecidedtosend______school,sohewasntastudentanylonger.
A.awayhimfrom
B.himawayfromthe
C.awayhimoutof
D.himawayfrom
2._______,hedidntfailintheEnglishexam.
A.Luck
B.Lucky
C.Luckily
D.Luckly
3.-Areyoufeeling____?
-Yes,Imfinenow.
A.anywell
B.anybetter
C.quitegood
D.quitebetter
4.Themorewelookedatthepicture,_________.
A.thelesswelikedit
B.welikeitless
C.betterwelikeit
D.itlookedbetter
5.Afterthenewmachinewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced___shoesin1988astheyearbefore.
A.astwicemany
B.asmanytwice
C.twiceasmany
D.twicemanyas
6.OurEnglishneedstobe______improved.
A.farther
B.farthest
C.further
D.far
7.Whatapity!Lucyran_______moreslowlythanLily.
A.afew
B.much
C.alittle
D.little
8.Heisrunning_______now.
A.moreslowlyandmoreslowly
B.slowlierandslowlier
C.moreandmoreslowly
D.slowlyandslowly
9.Lastnightmyfatherwentback_________laterthanbefore.
A.quite
B.very
C.even
D.muchmore
10.Thesickmanwastoothintogoany_______.
A.far
B.farther
C.further
D.farthest
相關(guān)知識(shí)
初中英語(yǔ)(新課標(biāo)版)中考總復(fù)習(xí)沖刺材料6
A.熟記結(jié)構(gòu)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(p.p)”。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的不同時(shí)態(tài)是通過(guò)be的時(shí)態(tài)變化來(lái)表示的,其人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)保持一致。其具體變化為:
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/are+p.p.
一般過(guò)去時(shí):was/were+p.p.
一般將來(lái)時(shí):shall/willbe+p.p.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/hasbeen+p.p.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/are+being+p.p.
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):should/wouldbe+p.p.
含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+p.p.例如:
①Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople.
A.speak
B.isspeaking
C.speaks
D.isspoken
(選D。考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool.
A.weretold
B.istelling
C.wastold
D.tells
(選C??疾橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina.
A.must
B.mustbe
C.has
D.have
(選B。考查含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
B.明確用法
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況:
1.不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,或者沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;
2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。例如:
這棵樹是那個(gè)男孩弄斷的。
Thetree____________bythatboy.
(填wasbroken)
C.熟練轉(zhuǎn)換
1.將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本方法為:
①將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ);
②謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癰e+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”,并通過(guò)be的變化來(lái)表達(dá)出不同的時(shí)態(tài);
③主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ),組成介詞短語(yǔ)放在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。(有時(shí)by短語(yǔ)可以省略)。
2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般疑問(wèn)句是將一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前;否定句是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后加not;特殊疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋阂蓡?wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。例如:
①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.
Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce.(同義句)
(填mustbethrownaway)
②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
Where______vegetables______?(填were;grown)
D.注意特例
將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意幾個(gè)特殊情況:
1.含雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),有兩種方法:
①將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),直接賓語(yǔ)保持不變;
②將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),間接賓語(yǔ)用介詞to或for引導(dǎo)。例如:
①Hetoldusastory.(變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
→Weweretoldastory(byhim).或:Astorywastoldtousbyhim.
②Hermothergaveheranewpen.(變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
Anewpen__________________herbyhermother.
(填wasgivento)
2.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),要將短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視為一個(gè)整體,其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。例如:
①Thisdictionarymustnt______fromthelibrary.
A.takeaway
B.takenaway
C.a(chǎn)retakenaway
D.betakenaway
[D]
②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.(變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
Thechildrenwill______________________________(byher).
(填betakengoodcareof)
3.含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),通常將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ),而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。注意:省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不定式符號(hào)to必須補(bǔ)上。例如:
SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday.(變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday.
(填wasseento)
4.不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu):動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為“tobe+過(guò)去分詞”。例如:
Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity.
A.bebuilding
B.build
C.bebuilt
D.built
[C]
5.以疑問(wèn)代詞開頭的疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)句時(shí)要注意詞序:應(yīng)將主動(dòng)句中的疑問(wèn)代詞改為介詞by的賓語(yǔ),但仍然放在句子開頭。例如:
Whohasbrokenthecup?(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?
E.注意區(qū)別
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:
1)含義不同:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作由誰(shuí)完成、怎樣完成;而過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)描寫情景,敘述人或事物的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。試比較:
Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
2)用法不同:過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)可以被so,very,too等程度副詞修飾,而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則不能用so,very,too修飾,而需用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch修飾。試比較:
Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他對(duì)科學(xué)有極大興趣。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidntknowwhattodo.我被那種場(chǎng)面搞得大吃一驚,不知所措。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
F.牢記(相關(guān))句型
初中教材中與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相關(guān)的句型有:
1.becoveredwith被……覆蓋
2.bemadeof由……制作(發(fā)生物理變化)
bemadefrom由……制作(發(fā)生化學(xué)變化)
bemadein由(某地)制造
bemadeby被(某人)制造
3.beusedfor被用來(lái)……
beusedas被當(dāng)作(作為)……來(lái)使用
beusedtodosth.被用來(lái)做某事
4.Itissaidthat...據(jù)說(shuō)……
Itishopedthat...希望……
Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知……例如:
①—Yourcoatlooksnice.Isit______cotton?
—Yes.ItsShanghai.
A.madeof;madeby
B.madeof;madein
C.madefor;madeby
D.madefor;madein
[B]
②Thismachineisused______theroomwet.
A.forkeeping
B.a(chǎn)skeeping
C.keep
D.tokeeping
[A]
③據(jù)說(shuō)在南京長(zhǎng)江上又在建一座橋。
__________________that____________isbeing______overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing.
(填I(lǐng)tissaid;anotherbridge;built)
單項(xiàng)選擇
I. 選出劃線部分讀音相異的詞
1.A.mindB.dinnerC.bridgeD.happily
2.A.lotB.strongC.doctorD.front
3.A.parkB.startC.largeD.quarter
4.A.bornB.shortC.worldD.north
5.A.footB.moonC.cookD.stood
6.A.southB.thinC.eighthD.either
II.選擇填空
7.LinTaois_______Class2,Grade3.
A.ofB.onC.inD.at
8.Mysister________herhomeworkeveryevening.
A.doB.didC.doesD.doing
9.Carsandbuses_______stopwhenthetrafficlightsturnred.
A.canB.mustC.mayD.need
10.---Imsorrytotroubleyou,MissGao.
---______.
A.Thesametoyou.B.Fine,thanks.C.ThatsallrightD.Itdoesntmatter
11.YoumaycallRobertThomasBrown.
A.Mr.RobertB.Mr.ThomasC.Mr.Brown.D.Mr.RobertThomas
12.Theneweveningdress_______her300yuan.
A.spentB.tookC.payD.cost
13.Jim______atthisschool____twoyearsago.
A.hasbeen...forB.hasbeen...sinceC.havebeen...sinceD.havebeen...for
14.Please____theradio.Itstooloud.
A.turnoffturnonC.turndownD.turnup
15.Mr.Blackcouldntbuy___manythings.
A.heB.hisC.himselfD.himselves
16.Couldyoutellme___thecomputer?
A.howtouseB.tohowuseC.howuseD.howuseto
17.Youdbetter___lateforthemeeting.
A.nottoB.notbeC.nottobeD.not
18.Brucestudies___Dick.
A.sohardasB.asharderasC.ashardasD.ashardyas
19.Myparents___teachersofmaths.
A.allareB.areallC.bothareD.areboth
20.----CouldIspeaktoMr.Smith,please?
----___.Hesgonetothepostoffice.
A.IthinksoB.CertainlyyoucanC.ImafraidnotD.Imnotsure
21.Theshopis____onweekdays.Butits____onweekends(周末).
A.toopen...closedB.opens...closedC.open...closedD.opened...close
22.Mybrotheraskedme___kite___.
A.who...thiswasB.whose...thiswasC.whose...wasthisD.who...wasthis
23.---___doyouwritetoyourmother?
--Onceamonth.
A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowoftenD.Whattime
24.Whosgoingto___careofthegardenwhileyouareaway?
A.haveB.giveC.takeD.look
25.TherearetwoChineseclassesonFriday,___?
A.isthereB.arentthereC.arethereD.isntthere
26.---Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?
---_______.
A.Notatall.B.No,IwouldntC.No,thanksD.Yes,Ilikeit
27.Doyouenjoy____popularmusic?
A.tolistentoB.listeningtoC.tohearD.hearing
28.Beforeyoudecidetobuyanewcoat,youmay___.
A.tryitinB.tryinitC.tryonitD.tryiton
29.Peopleplanttreestostopthesand__towardstherichfarmland.
A.tomoveB.tomovingC.frommoveD.frommoving
30.Thisjacket___cotton.
A.makesofB.aremakeinC.ismadeofD.madein
31.Theworkwas___difficult___ittookusquitealongtimetodoit.
A.such...thatB.so...thatC.too...thatD.too...to
完型填空
AttheentrancetoabigofficeinLondontherewasabook.Allworkershadtowrite(1)when
they(2)eachmorning.Atnineoclock,themanager(經(jīng)理)hadtodrawaredline(線)(3)
thelastnameinthebook,andanyonewhocameafterthathadtowritewhyhewas(4).When
therewasathick(5)inthecity,thefirstpersontoarrivelateusually(6)"Delayed(耽擱)by
fog"undertheredlineinthebook,andtheneverybody(7)whocameafterthetjustwrote"The
same".Butonefoggymorning,the(8)mantoarrivelatewrote"Mywifehadababyearlythis
morning"insteadof(代替)"Delayedbyfog"undertheredlineinthebook.Twenty(9)thirty
peoplewhocameafterwrote"(10)"asusual.
1.A.numbers B.times C.namesD.excuses
2.A.arrivedB.left C.gotup D.met
3.A.on B.beside C.aboveD.under
4.A.out B.lateC.away D.sorry
5.A.rainB.fog C.snowD.traffic
6.A.foundB.understoodC.saidD.wrote
7.A.elseB.onlyC.or D.here
8.A.last B.first C.oldD.young
9.A.withB.of C.or D.but
10.A.NoB.YesC.OKD.Thesame
Passage1
WhenMartinwasalittleboy,helivedinthelittletown---Holthan.Atthattime,hethoughtthetownwasverybig.Well,Martincamebacktothetownlastnight,"Itsasmalltown!"hethought.
Thetownhaschangedverylittleinthepastfortyyears.ButMartinhaschangedalot.He
hasgrownintoaman.Histhought(思維)aremansthoughts.Heseesthingsthroughamans
eyes.Martinstayedinthetownforfivehours.Hewalkedfromstreettostreet,butheknew
nobody.WasHolthan,then,atownofstrangers(陌生人)?
No.Hesuddenlyunderstooditall.Onlyhewasastrangerofthetown.
初中英語(yǔ)(新課標(biāo)版)中考總復(fù)習(xí)沖刺材料1
初中英語(yǔ)新課標(biāo)版中考復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)總結(jié)重點(diǎn)提要專題整合課題專練名師講解
聲明:本復(fù)習(xí)材料適用于初三中考學(xué)生,知識(shí)點(diǎn)全面,內(nèi)含中考試題和分析講解,1個(gè)月即可速成,普遍提升英語(yǔ)成績(jī)可達(dá)30分以上,熟練掌握者,完全可以攻破中考英語(yǔ)關(guān)!
特別聲明:版權(quán)所有,翻版必究!??!
鳴謝:本資源部分參考至互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和其他書籍材料,特此提出感謝!
1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listento、lookat(感官動(dòng)詞)+doeg:Ilikewatchingmonkeysjump
2(比較級(jí)and比較級(jí))表示越來(lái)越怎么樣
3apieceofcake=easy小菜一碟(容易)
4agreewithsb贊成某人
5allkindsof各種各樣akindof一樣
6allovertheworld=thewholeworld整個(gè)世界
7alongwith同……一道,伴隨……eg:Iwillgoalongwithyou我將和你一起去
thestudentsplantedtreesalongwiththeirteachers學(xué)生同老師們一起種樹
8Assoonas一怎么樣就怎么樣
9asyoucansee你是知道的
10askfor……求助向…要…(直接接想要的東西)eg:askyouformybook
11asksbforsth向某人什么
12asksbtodosth詢問(wèn)某人某事asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事
13attheageof在……歲時(shí)eg:IamsixteenIamattheageofsixteen
14atthebeginningof…………的起初;……的開始
15attheendof+地點(diǎn)/+時(shí)間最后;盡頭;末尾eg:Attheendoftheday
16atthistimeofyear在每年的這個(gè)時(shí)候
17be/feelconfidentofsth/thatclause+從句感覺(jué)/對(duì)什么有信心,自信
eg:Iam/feelconfidentofmyspokenEnglishIfeelthatIcanpassthetest
18be+doing表:1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)2將來(lái)時(shí)
19beableto(+v原)=can(+v原)能夠……eg:SheisabletosingShecansing
20beabletodosth能夠干什么eg:sheisabletosing
21beafraidtodo(ofsth恐懼,害怕……eg:ImafraedtogooutatnightImafraidofdog
22beallowedtodo被允許做什么
eg:ImallowedtowatchTV我被允許看電視IshouldbeallowedtowatchTV我應(yīng)該被允許看電視
23beangrywithsb生某人的氣eg:Dontbeangrywithme
24beangrywith(at)sbfordoingsth為什么而生某人的氣
25beas…原級(jí)…as和什么一樣eg:Sheisastallasme她和我一樣高
26beashamedto
27beawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離
28beawayfrom從……離開
29bebadfor對(duì)什么有害eg:Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes在太陽(yáng)下看書對(duì)你的眼睛不好
30beborn出生于
31bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于……
32becareful當(dāng)心;小心
33bedifferentfrom……和什么不一樣
34befamousfor以……著名
35befriendlytosb對(duì)某人友好
36befrom=comefrom來(lái)自eg:HeisfromBejingHecomesfromBejingIshefromBejing?DoeshecomefromBejing?
37befullof裝滿……的befilledwith充滿eg:theglassisfullofwatertheglassisfilledwithwater
38beglad+to+do/從句
39begoingto+v(原)將來(lái)時(shí)
40begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善長(zhǎng),善于……
41begoodfor對(duì)什么有好處eg:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish
42behappytodo很高興做某事
43behelpfultosb對(duì)某人有好處
eg:Readingaloudishelpfultoyou大聲朗讀對(duì)你有好處
Exercisingishelpfultoyourbady鍛煉對(duì)你的身體有好處
44beingoodhealth身體健康
45beintrouble處于困難中eg:SheisintroubleTheyareintronble
46beinterestedin對(duì)某方面感興趣
47belatefor=comelateto遲到eg:Belateforclass上課遲到
48belike像……eg:Imlikemymother
49bemadat生某人的氣
50bemadefrom由……制成(制成以后看不見原材料)
51bemadeof由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料)
52benotsure表不確定
53beonavisitto參觀
54bepopularwithsb受某人歡迎
55bequiet安靜56beshortfor表**的縮寫eg:陶isshortfor陶俊杰
57besickinbed生病在床
58besorrytodosthbesorryforsbeg:Iamsorryforyou
59besorrytohearthat
60besorrytotroublesbeg:Iamsorrytotroubleyou
61bestrictindoingsth嚴(yán)于做某事eg:Hesstrictinobeyingnoles
62bestrictwithsb對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格eg:Somestudentsarenotstrictwiththemselves這些學(xué)生對(duì)自己不嚴(yán)格
63bestrictwithsbinsth某方面對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格
64besupposedtodo被要求干什么
65besure表確定
66besureofdoingsth對(duì)做某事有信心eg:HeissureofwinningIamsureoflearningEnglishwell
67besureofsth對(duì)做某事有信心eg:Imsureofmyhead(myteacher我相信我的大腦(老師)
68besurethatsth對(duì)做某事有信心eg:Imsuerthathecanpassthetest我相信他能通過(guò)考試
69besuretodosth一定會(huì)做某事eg:Wearesuretopassthetest我們一定會(huì)通過(guò)這次考試WearesuretolearnEnglishwell我們一定能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)
70beterrifiedof+名/動(dòng)doing害怕……
71beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事
72bethesameas…和什么一樣
73beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣做某事
eg:Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly我爸爸習(xí)慣早Heisusedtosleepinginclass他習(xí)慣上課睡覺(jué)
74beworthdoing值得做什么
75be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某物beafraidthat叢句
76because+句子becauseof+短語(yǔ)
eg:HewaslatebecausehehadaheadacheHewaslatebecauseofhisheadache
77begintodo=starttodo開始做某事start…with…=begin…with…以什么開始什么
eg:LetsbeginthegamewiththesongIbegintogohome
78between…and…兩者之間
79borrowsthfromsb向……借……lendsthtosb(lendsbsth借給……什么東西
eg:Iborrowedapenfromhimhelentapentome(helentmeapen
80both=thesame(as)=notdifferent(from)表相同
81bother打擾bothersbtodosth
eg:Imsorrytobotheryou,butcanyoutellmetowaytothestation
我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎么去車站
theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks這個(gè)問(wèn)題困擾了我?guī)讉€(gè)周了
Hesbotheringmetolendhimmoney
82bytheendof到……為止
83callsbstheg:Wecallhimoldwang
84care關(guān)心eg:Dontyoucareaboutthiscountrysfuture?你為什么不關(guān)心國(guó)家的未來(lái)
85catchupwithsb趕上某人
86chatwithsb和某人閑談takesbto+地點(diǎn)帶某人去某地
87comein進(jìn)
88comeoverto過(guò)來(lái)
89comeupwith提出eg:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea你能想出一個(gè)好辦法嗎?
90communicatewithsb和某人交流
91consider+doing考慮做什么eg:Whynotconsidergoingtoluzhou為什么不考慮去瀘州?
92danceto隨著……跳舞eg:Shelikesdancingtothemusic她喜歡隨著音樂(lè)跳舞
93decidetodosth決定做某事
94doasurveyof做某方面的調(diào)查
95dobetterin在……方面做得更好
96dowrong做錯(cuò)
97Dontforgettodosth不要忘了做某事
98Dontmind+doing/從句/名詞不要介意……
99each+名(單)每一個(gè)…eg:Eachstudenthasmanybooks每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一些書100endup+doing
101enjoy+doing喜歡
102escapefrom從……逃跑eg:Theprisonershaveescapedfromtheprison犯人從監(jiān)獄里逃跑出來(lái)
103expecttodosth期待做某事
104falldown摔下來(lái)falloff從哪摔下來(lái)
105fallinlovewithsb/sth愛上什么
106farfrom離某地遠(yuǎn)eg:Theschoolisfarfrommyhome
107find+it+adj+todo發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣
108findsb/sth+adj發(fā)現(xiàn)什么怎么樣eg:Ifindthebookinteresting
109finish完成+doing(名詞)
110fittosb=befitforsb適合某人
111forgettodo沒(méi)有做而忘了forgetdoing做了而又忘了eg:DontforgettogohomeIforgetclosingdoor
112from…to…從某某到某某eg:Frommeforher
113get/havesthdown做完,被(別人)做…eg:Ihavemyhaircut我理了發(fā)(頭發(fā)被剪了)
Tomgothisbadtoothpulledout湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了(被牙醫(yī)拔掉了)
114getapart-timejob=findapart-timejob
115getalongwellwithsb=getonwellwithsb與某人相處得好
116getalongwithsb=getonwithsb與某人相處
117getreadyfor=bereadyfor為什么而準(zhǔn)備eg:IgetreadyformathIamreadyformath118getsbintotrouble給某人麻
119getsbtodosth
120get…from…從某處得到某物
121giveatalk做報(bào)告eg:Heisgiveatall
122givesthtosbgivesbsth給某人某物
123gofish釣魚goswimming游泳
124goontodo去做下一件事goondoing繼續(xù)做這件事
125gooutawayfromgooutof
126gotoschool上學(xué)(用于專業(yè)的)gototheschool去學(xué)校(不一定是上學(xué))
127goodwayto好方法
128hatetodo討厭沒(méi)做過(guò)的事hatedoing討厭做過(guò)的事
129haveapartyforsb舉辦誰(shuí)的晚會(huì)
130haveatalk聽報(bào)告談一談
131havebeendoing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)eg:YouhavebeentalkingYouhavebeensleepingsince
132havebeento…(地方)……去過(guò)某過(guò)地方havegoneto…(地方)去了某地還沒(méi)回來(lái)
133havefun+doing玩得高興
134havesthtodo有什么事要做
eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo我有很多家庭作業(yè)要做Ihavenothingtodo我沒(méi)什么事情做
135havetodosth必須做某事
136havetrouble(problem)(in)doingsth做什么事情有麻煩
137have…time+doing
138have…(時(shí)間)…off放……假eg:Ihavemonthoff我請(qǐng)一個(gè)月得假
139hearsb+do/doing聽見某人做某事/正在做某事
140helpalot很大用處
141helpsbwithsthonessth幫助某人某事(某方面)helpsb(to)dosth幫助某人做某事
142hopetodosth希望做某事
143Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)
144howdoyoulike=whatdoyouthinkof你對(duì)什么的看法
145if:是否=wether
eg:Idontknowif(wether)Ishouldgototheparty我不知道我是否應(yīng)該去參加晚會(huì)
Hedontknowif(wether)wewillarriveontimetomorrowmorning他不知道我們明天早上是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)
146if:如果,假如(全部接一般時(shí)態(tài))+條件語(yǔ)態(tài)從句
eg:IllgotoLuZhouifitdoestrain假如明天不下雨,我就去瀘州
Iftheychangetheplantheywillletmeknow假如他們要改變計(jì)劃,他們會(huì)讓我知道的
IllgotoEngland,ifIhaveenoughmoneynextyear如果我明年由足夠的錢,我就要去英國(guó)
147inonesopinion=sbthink某人認(rèn)為
148insomeways在某些方面
149intheend=finally(adv)最后
150inthenorthof…什么在什么的北方(north北sowth南west西east東)
151inthesun在太陽(yáng)下
152increase增加
eg:Theyveincreasedthepreceofpetrolby3%他們把石油價(jià)增加了3%
thepopulationhasincreasedfrom12milliontenyearsagoto18millionnow
153insteadof+(名)代替
eg:Idlikeanappleinsteadofapear我想要蘋果,而不要梨子
IlikeEnglishinsteadofmath我喜歡英語(yǔ)而不喜歡數(shù)學(xué)
154introducesbtosb介紹某人給某人introduceoneself自我介紹
155invitesbtodosth邀請(qǐng)某人做某事
156Ittakessbsometimetodosth做某人花掉某人多少時(shí)間
eg:Ittookme5minutestodomyhomeworkIttakesmehalfanhourtocook
157Its+adj+forsbtodosth對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事怎么樣
158Its+adj+todo做某事怎么樣
159Its+adjforsb對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)怎么樣Its+adjofsb對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)太怎么樣
160Its+adj(forsb)todo(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))做某事怎么樣Its+adjofsbtodosth對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事太怎么樣
eg:ItsniceofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish
161Itsagoodideaforsbtodosth對(duì)……來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)好主意
162Itsimportanttosb對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)很重要eg:Itsimportanttome
163ItstimetodosthItstimeforsth到了該去做某事的時(shí)間
eg:ItstimetohaveclassItstimeforclass該去上課了
164join=takepartin參加
165justnow剛才
166keep+sb/sth+adj/介詞短語(yǔ)讓什么保持什么樣?
167keepout不讓……進(jìn)入
168keepsbadj讓……保持……eg:Iwanttokeepmymotherhappykeephealthy保持健康
169keyto+名詞表示:某物的鑰匙或某題的答案
170keyto…anserto…key可以是答題或鑰匙
171laughat…取笑……eg:DontlanghatothersWelanghedatthejoke
172learnbyoneslfe自學(xué)
173learnfromsb向某人學(xué)習(xí)eg:WeshouldlearnfromLeiFeng
174learntodosth學(xué)做某事
175letsbdosth讓某人做某事
176Letsbdown讓某人失望eg:Weshouldntletourfarentsdown我們不應(yīng)該讓我們的父母失望
177livefrom:離某地遠(yuǎn)
178livein+大地方/at+小地方居住在某地eg:IliveinLuZhouShelivesatXuanTan
179lookafter=takecareof照顧照看
180loseonesway誰(shuí)迷路eg:Loseyourway你迷路
181makeadecisiontodosth決定做某事
182makefriendswithsb和誰(shuí)成為朋友eg:Iwanttomakefriendswithyou
183makeitearly把時(shí)間定的早一點(diǎn)
184makeonexhibitionofoneself讓某人出洋相
185makesb/n+n使什么成為什么eg:ImadehermystepmollerImadeyoumywife
186makesb/sth+adj使某人(某物)怎么樣eg:Youmustmadeyourbedclean
187makesb/sthadj使某人/某物怎么樣
188makesbdosth讓某人做某事eg:Imadehimwrite我以前讓他寫
189makeupbemadeupof(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))由……組成
190make…differenceto…
191mindsbtodomindonesdoing介意……做什么
192most+名mostof+代
193muchtoo+形容詞
194mustbe一定
195need+名詞
196needsbdosth需要某人做某事
197needtodo(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)needdo(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)
198no/neithrofhatetodono/neithrofhatedoing
199no+名詞
200notanymore=nomore再也不……eg:HedidntcryanymoreHecriednomore他再也不哭
201not…(形、副)atalleg:Hesnottallatallshedoesntjunpfaratall
202not…atall一點(diǎn)都不
203not…either表否定,也不eg:IdontjapanseeitherIdonthavesister,either我也沒(méi)有姐姐
204not…until直到……才……
eg:IdidntsleepuntilmymothercamebackThechilddidntstopcryinguntilIgivehersugar
205offer/providesbwithsth給某人提供
206offersbsth(offersthtosb提供什么東西給某人eg:Iofferyouwater(Iofferwatertoyou我給你提供水
207ononeswayto…在誰(shuí)去那的路上
208ontheonehand一方面ontheotherhand另一方面
209onthephone=overthephone用電話交談
210ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)intime及時(shí)
211oneday=someday=someday一天,有一天
212oneof+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
213onetoanother一個(gè)到另一個(gè)
214overandoveragin一遍又一遍的eg:Hecleanedtheflooroverandoveragin
215part-timejob兼職工作fall-timejob全職工作
216payfor…付……錢paythebill開錢,付錢
217please+do
218pleasehelpyourself
219pleasedwithsb
220poolinto=poreinto
221practice+doing練習(xí)做某事
222prefersthtosth相對(duì)……更喜歡……eg:Ipreferphysicstochemisty在物理和化學(xué)中,我更喜歡物理
preferdoingtosth更喜歡去做…不愿意去做…eg:Heprefersridingabiketodiving他更喜歡騎自行車,不開小車
prefertodosthratherthandosth寧愿做…也不愿
eg:Myundepreferstobuyanowcarratherthanrepaivtheusedone我叔叔更喜歡買新的車,也不去修舊車
prefersbnottodosth更愿意…eg:Ipreferhernottocome我不喜歡她不來(lái)
223pretendtodosth裝著去做什么pretendthat從句
eg:Thetwocheatspretendedtobeworkingveryhard這兩個(gè)騙子裝著努力工作
Hepretendedthathedidnotknowtheanswer他裝著不知道答案
224rather…than寧可……也不……
eg:Iwouldratherbeadoctorthanateacher我愿肯當(dāng)醫(yī)生,也不當(dāng)老師
Helikesdogsratherthancats他喜歡狗,不喜歡貓
225regard…as把……當(dāng)作……
eg:Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourfamily請(qǐng)帶我向你的家人我最好的問(wèn)候
Iregardyouasmyfriend我把你當(dāng)作我的朋友
Heshowslittleregardforothers他不愛關(guān)心別人
226remidsbaboutsth提醒某人什么事remidsbtodosth提醒某人做某事
eg:heremidsmeaboutcooking(heremidsmetocook他提醒我做飯
227remidsbofsth使某人想起什么
eg:thepicturesremindmeofmyschooldays這照片使我想起了我的學(xué)校
thewordsthat(which)theteachertalketoremindmeofmymother
228returnsthtosb還什么東西給某人
229saytooneself對(duì)自己說(shuō)
230saytosb對(duì)某人說(shuō)
231sbspendsomemoneyonsth花了多少錢在某事上
232sbspendsometimewithsb花了多少時(shí)間陪誰(shuí)
233sbspendsometime(in)doingsth花了多少時(shí)間做某事
234sbwithsb+issbandsb+are
235seesbdo看見某人做過(guò)某事seesbdoing看見某人正在做某事
236seemtodo/be+adj顯得怎么樣eg:YouseemtobetiredYouseemtobehappy
237send+sbsth送給某人某物
238send…to…把什么寄到哪里去?
239shock使……震驚eg:Oh,Itsonlyyou!Yougivemeashock啊,是你呀!嚇我一跳
240showsbsth向某人展示某物eg:Ishowherthebook.
241showsbsth=showsthtosb拿什么東西給某人看eg:ShowmeyourpenShowyourpentome
242showsthtosb向某人展示某物eg:Ishowthebooktoher.
243some…others…一些……另一些……
244start…with…從……開始begin…with…從……開始
245stayawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離……
eg:Weretoldtostayawayfromtheanimalswhevisitingthezoo當(dāng)我們參觀zoo時(shí),我們要遠(yuǎn)離動(dòng)物
Ifyouwanttoloseweightyoudbetterstayauayfromthesweetfood徒工你想減肥,你最好遠(yuǎn)離甜食
246stopdoing停下正在做的事
247stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事
248stopsb(from)doing阻止某人做某事
249stoptodo停下正在做的事去做下一件事
250such+名這樣,這種
251suitsb適合某人
252surprisesb使某人驚奇toonessurprise令某人驚奇
253takeclasses上課
254takesbto把某人帶去eg:Itakeyoutothehospital
255takewalks=takeawalk=goforawalk散步
256①talkto對(duì)誰(shuí)說(shuō)eg:Italktoyou②talkwith和誰(shuí)說(shuō)eg:Italkwithhim
③talkof談到eg:wetalkedofyou④talkabout談?wù)撽P(guān)于……
257talkwithsb和某人說(shuō)話
258teachsbsth教某人做某事
259tellsbdosth告訴某人做某事
260tellsbsthtellsbthat叢句tellsbnottodosthtellastory
261tellsbsth告訴某人某事
262tellsbtodosth告訴某人做什么tellsbnottodosth告訴某人不要做什么
263tell…from…
264thankyoufor+doing
265thesame+名詞(doing)+as……
266thesame…(名)…asas…(adjadv)…as相同
267thewaytodosth=thewayofdoingst做某方面的方法thewayto+地方去哪的路
eg:DoyouknowthewaytolearnEnglishDoyouknowthewayoflearningEnglish
268thewayto…(地點(diǎn))到哪的
269too…to…太怎樣而不能……adj+enoughto足夠…能…so…that+叢句
eg:Heistooyoungtogotoschool=Heissoyoungthathecantgotoschool
Heisoldenoughtogotoschool=Heissooldthathecangotoschool
270transalte……into……把什么翻譯成什么eg:TrasalteEnglishintochinese
271travelwithsb和某人去旅游
272tryonesbesttodosth盡某人最大的努力去做某事eg:IwilltrymybesttolearnEnglishwell
273trytodosth想干什么,但沒(méi)成功trydoingsth想干什么,已經(jīng)做過(guò)了
eg:Hetriedtoclimb他想爬上去,但沒(méi)成功Hetriedclimbing他想爬上去,已經(jīng)做過(guò)了
274try…試衣服haveatry試一下
275turndown開小←→turnup開大
276turnoff關(guān)上←→turnon打開open拆開
277upsidedown倒著
278visitto…參觀某個(gè)地方
279waitforsb等某人
1)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與表示頻腮度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday。例如:
Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開家。
2)客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實(shí)。例如:
Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。
ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中國(guó)東部。
3)表示格言或警句。例如:
Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必?cái) ?/p>
注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中,即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例:Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的。
4)現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。例如:
Idontwantsomuch.我不要那么多。
AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.安英語(yǔ)寫得不錯(cuò),講的可不行。
比較:NowIputthesugarinthecup.把糖放入杯子。
Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明的示范性動(dòng)作,表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志,表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
1)在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。例如:
Wheredidyougojustnow?剛才你上哪兒去了?
2)表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如:
WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候,常在馬路上踢足球。
WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.
那時(shí),布朗一家無(wú)論什么時(shí)候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。
3)句型:Itistimeforsb.todosth"到……時(shí)間了""該……了"。例如:Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你該睡覺(jué)了。
Itistimethatsb.didsth."時(shí)間已遲了""早該……了",例如Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早該睡覺(jué)了。
would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示寧愿某人做某事。例如:Idratheryoucametomorrow.還是明天來(lái)吧。
4)wish,wonder,think,hope等用過(guò)去時(shí),作試探性的詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去,現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。例如:Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以為你想要一些。
比較:Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.(含義:她已不在人間。)
Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.(含義:她現(xiàn)在還活著)
Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義:達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)
注意:用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。
1)動(dòng)詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如:
Didyouwantanythingelse?您還要些什么嗎?
Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.能不能幫我一下。
2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,would。例如:
Couldyoulendmeyourbike?你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?
usedto+do:"過(guò)去常常"表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。例如:
Motherusednottobesoforgetful.老媽過(guò)去沒(méi)那么健忘。
Scarfusedtotakeawalk.斯卡夫過(guò)去常常散步。
beusedto+doing:對(duì)……已感到習(xí)慣,或"習(xí)慣于",to是介詞,后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如:
Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.
Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣于散步了。
典型例題
----Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.
----Its69568442.
A.didntB.couldntC.dontD.cant
答案A.本句雖沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),但從語(yǔ)意上看出,在聽的時(shí)候沒(méi)有聽懂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,因此應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。
1)shall用于第一人稱,常被will所代替。will在陳述句中用于各人稱,在征求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。例如:
WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?我先讀哪一段呢?
Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎?
2)begoingto+不定式,表示將來(lái)。
a.主語(yǔ)的意圖,即將做某事。例如:Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢?
b.計(jì)劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。例如:Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。這出戲下月開播。
c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如:Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那烏云,快要下雨了。
3)be+不定式表將來(lái),按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如:
WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。
4)beaboutto+不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:
HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他馬上要去北京。
注意:beabouttodo不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
例如:
Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,youdbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.
Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.
beto表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,begoingto表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。例如:
Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)
Imgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)
1)下列動(dòng)詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來(lái),主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:
Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開。
Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.汽車什么時(shí)候開?十分鐘后。
2)以here,there等開始的倒裝句,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如:
Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.車來(lái)了。
Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.鈴響了。
3)在時(shí)間或條件句中。例如:
WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.比爾來(lái)后,讓他等我。
IllwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.我到了那里,就寫信給你。
4)在動(dòng)詞hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等的賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如:
Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.離開房間前,務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。
下列動(dòng)詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)。例如:
Imleavingtomorrow.明天我要走了。
Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?你會(huì)在這兒呆到下周嗎?
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成:have(has)+過(guò)去分詞。
1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。
2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):yesterday,lastweek,…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等,皆為具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always等,皆不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,already,recently,lately等。
3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.。
4)一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等
例如:
Isawthisfilmyesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了)
Ihaveseenthisfilm.(強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了)
Whydidyougetupsoearly?(強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了)
Whohasnthandedinhispaper?(強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交,疑為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng))
HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))
HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))
5)句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如yesterday,last,week,in1960)時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要用過(guò)去時(shí)。
(錯(cuò))Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.
(對(duì))Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.
Since用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間,for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。例如:
Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.我住在這兒二十多年了。
IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:并非有for作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)
Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法,很容易排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時(shí)中的誤用。
1)(對(duì))TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.
2)(錯(cuò))Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.
顯然,第二句不對(duì),它應(yīng)改為Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.
1)since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。例如:
Ihavebeenheresince1989.1989起,我一直在這兒。
2)since+一段時(shí)間+ago。例如:
Ihavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.我在這兒,已經(jīng)有五個(gè)月了。
3)since+從句。例如:
Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.你走后,變化可大了。
Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincewewerehere.我們走后,變化可大了。
4)Itis+一段時(shí)間+since從句。例如:
ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.我考上研究生有兩年了。
1)用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷;瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如:
Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。(表結(jié)果)
Iveknownhimsincethen.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷)
2)用于till/until從句的差異
延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……"瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:
Hedidntcomebackuntiltenoclock.他到10點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。
Hesleptuntiltenoclock.他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。
典型例題
1.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.
A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet
答案B.首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,severaltimes告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
2.---Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.
---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.
A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe
答案A.等待的動(dòng)作由過(guò)去開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
1)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生,又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后,或用then,and,but等連詞時(shí),多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:
Whenshesawthemouse,shescreamed.她看到老鼠,就叫了起來(lái)。
MyauntgavemeahatandIlostit.姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。
2)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生,可用一般過(guò)去時(shí);如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作需要若干時(shí)間完成,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如:
WhenIheardthenews,Iwasveryexcited.
3)敘述歷史事實(shí),可不用過(guò)去完成時(shí),而只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:
OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.
1)表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。例如:Ihavetwobrothers.我有兩兄弟。
Thishousebelongstomysister.這房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。例如:Ineedyourhelp.我需要你的幫助。
Helovesherverymuch.他愛她很深。
3)瞬間動(dòng)詞,如accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse等。例如:
Iacceptyouradvice.我接受你的勸告。
4)系動(dòng)詞,如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn等。例如:
Youseemalittletired.你看上去有點(diǎn)累。
1)概念:表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。
2)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候,另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。
3)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while等。例如:
Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.我兄弟騎車時(shí)摔了下來(lái),受了傷。
Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.他們離開車站時(shí),正下著雨。
WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.我到達(dá)山頂時(shí),陽(yáng)光燦爛。
典型例題
1)Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.
A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes
答案C.割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。同時(shí),when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性,"瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)"提供事情發(fā)生的背景,因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2)Asshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.
A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell
答案B.句中的as=when,while,意為"當(dāng)……之時(shí)"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí),用過(guò)去進(jìn)行;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候,另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為"在她看報(bào)紙時(shí),奶奶睡著了。"句中的fell(fall的過(guò)去時(shí)),是系動(dòng)詞,后跟形容詞,如:fallsick。
一.詞匯
⑴單詞
1.介詞:in,on,under,behind,near,at,of
1).in表示"在……中","在……內(nèi)"。例如:
inourclass在我們班上
inmybag在我的書包里
inthedesk在桌子里
intheclassroom在教室里
2).on表示"在……上"。例如:
onthewall在墻上
onthedesk在桌子上
ontheblackboard在黑板上
3).under表示"在……下"。例如:
underthetree在樹下
underthechair在椅子下
underthebed在床下
4).behind表示"在……后面"。例如:
behindthedoor在門后
behindthetree在樹后
5).near表示"在……附近"。例如:
neartheteachersdesk在講桌附近
nearthebed在床附近
6).at表示"在……處"。例如:
atschool在學(xué)校
athome在家
atthedoor在門口
7).of表示"……的"。例如:
apictureofourclassroom我們教室的一幅畫
amapofChina一張中國(guó)地圖
2.冠詞a/an/the:
冠詞一般位于所限定的名詞前,用來(lái)署名名詞所指的人或事物。冠詞有不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞有兩個(gè)形式,即a和an。a用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前,如abook;an用在以元音音素開頭的字母前,如anapple.
a或an與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,泛指某類人或某物中的一個(gè)。
Thisisacat.
這是一只貓。
ItsanEnglishbook.
這是一本英語(yǔ)書。
Hisfatherisaworker.
他的爸爸是個(gè)工人。
the既可以用在可數(shù)名詞前,也可以用在不可數(shù)名詞前,表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到過(guò)的人或事物。
Whostheboyinthehat?
戴帽子的男孩是誰(shuí)呀?
------Whatcanyouseeintheclassroom?
------Icanseeabag.
------Wheresthebag?
------Itsonthedesk.
-------你能在教室里看到什么呀?
------我能看見一個(gè)書包。
------書包在哪呀?
------在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如:
Therearesomebooksonthedesk.桌子上有一些書。
Lucyhassomegoodbooks露西有一些好書。
②在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中用any。例如:
Isthereanyinkinyourpen?你的鋼筆里有墨水嗎?
Doyouhaveanybrothersandsisters?你有兄弟姐妹嗎?
Thereisntanywaterintheglass.杯子里沒(méi)有水。
⑵記住它們的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到對(duì)方肯定的答復(fù)或表示建議、委婉請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句中,這一點(diǎn)我們不久就會(huì)學(xué)到。例如:
Wouldyouliketohavesomeapples?你想吃蘋果嗎?
②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:
Anyoneofuscandothis.我們當(dāng)中任何一個(gè)都能做這個(gè)。
some和any的用法是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn),希望大家能準(zhǔn)確地掌握它們的用法。
4.family
family看作為一個(gè)整體時(shí),意思是"家庭",后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be用單數(shù)形式is;如把family看作為家庭成員時(shí),應(yīng)理解為復(fù)數(shù),后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be應(yīng)用are。
Myfamilyisabigfamily.我的家庭是個(gè)大家庭。
Myfamilyareallathomenow.我的家人現(xiàn)在都在家。
Family強(qiáng)調(diào)由家人組成的一個(gè)集體或強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的成員。home指?jìng)€(gè)人出生、被撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的環(huán)境和居住地點(diǎn)。house指"家"、"房屋",側(cè)重居住的建筑本身。
Hisfamilyareallworkers.他的家人都是工人。
MyhomeisinBeijing.我的家在北京。
Heisntathomenow.他現(xiàn)在不在家。
Itsapictureofmyfamily.這是一張我全家的照片。
5.little的用法
alittledog一只小狗,alittleboy一個(gè)小男孩。little常用來(lái)修飾有生命的名詞。
*但little還可表示否定意義,意為"少的",加不可數(shù)名詞。
Thereislittletime.幾乎沒(méi)時(shí)間了。
Thereislittlewaterinthecup.杯中水很少。
⑵詞組
onthedesk在桌子上
behindthechair在椅子后
underthechair在椅子下面
inherpencil-box在她的鉛筆盒中
nearthedoor在門附近
apictureofaclassroom一個(gè)教室的圖片
lookatthepicture看這張圖片
theteachersdesk講桌
amapofChina一張中國(guó)地圖
familytree家譜
haveaseat坐下,就坐
thisway這邊走
二.日常用語(yǔ)
1.Comeandmeetmyfamily.
2.Goandsee.IthinkitsLiLei.
3.Gladtomeetyou.
4.Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?
Icanseeaclock/somebooks.
5.Canyouseeanorange?
Yes,Ican./No,Icant.
6.WheresShenzhen?
ItsnearHongKong.
7.Letmesee.(口語(yǔ))讓我想想看。
see在這是"明白、懂了",不可譯作"看見"。例如:
8.Pleasehaveaseat.
seat表示"座位",是個(gè)名詞。haveaseat表示"就坐",也可以說(shuō)takeaseat,和sitdown的意思相同。
三.語(yǔ)法
1.名詞所有格
名詞如要表示與后面名詞的所有關(guān)系,通常用名詞所有格的形式,意為"……的"。一般有以下幾種形式:
(1).一般情況下在詞尾加"s"。例如:
KatesfatherKate的爸爸
mymothersfriend我媽媽的朋友
(2).如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾,只加""。例如:
TeachersDay教師節(jié)
Theboysgame男孩們的游戲
(3).如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞不以s結(jié)尾,仍加"s"。例如:
ChildrensDay兒童節(jié)
WomensDay婦女節(jié)
(4).表示兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)共有時(shí),所有格應(yīng)加在后一個(gè)名詞上。例如:
LucyandLilysroomLucy和Lily的房間
KateandJimsfatherKate和Jim的爸爸
動(dòng)物和無(wú)生命事物的名詞的所有格一般不在詞尾加"s",而常常用介詞of的短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。
amapofChina一幅中國(guó)地圖
thenameofhercat她的貓的名字
apictureofmyfamily我的家庭的一張照片
thedoorofthebedroom臥室的門
2.祈使句
祈使句主要用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、叮囑等意圖。祈使句一般不用主語(yǔ),讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。為使語(yǔ)氣委婉、禮貌,常在句首或句尾加please。在句尾時(shí),please前多用逗號(hào)。
(1).祈使句肯定形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用動(dòng)詞原形。
Goandsee.去看看。
Comein,please.請(qǐng)進(jìn)。
(2).祈使句的否定形式常用dont于句首。
Dontlookatyourbooks.不要看書。
Dontplayontheroad.不要在馬路上玩。
3.Therebe的句子結(jié)構(gòu)
Therebe是一個(gè)"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式為:Therebe+名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)的確定,看be后邊第一個(gè)名詞,當(dāng)所接主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),be動(dòng)詞形式為is;當(dāng)所接主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),be動(dòng)詞為are;當(dāng)be動(dòng)詞后接兩個(gè)以上主語(yǔ)時(shí),be動(dòng)詞與最臨近主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致。意思為"某地有某人或某物"。如:
Thereisaneraserandtwopensonthedesk.桌子上有一塊橡皮和兩支鋼筆。
Therearetwopensandaneraseronthedesk.桌上有兩支鋼筆和一塊橡皮。
(1)therebe的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式為:Therebe+not+(any)+名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
Thereisnotanycatintheroom.房間里沒(méi)貓。
Therearentanybooksonthedesk.桌子上沒(méi)書。
(2)therebe句型的疑問(wèn)句就是將be提到句首:Bethere+(any)+名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)?肯定回答:Yes,thereis/are.否定回答:No,thereisnt/arent.
---Isthereadoginthepicture?畫上有一只狗嗎?
---Yes,thereis.有。
---Arethereanyboatsintheriver?河里有船嗎?
---No,therearent.沒(méi)有。
(3)特殊疑問(wèn)句:Howmany...arethere(+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用Therebe...
Theresone./Therearetwo/three/some...
有時(shí)直接就用數(shù)字來(lái)回答。One./Two...
---Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?教室里有多少學(xué)生?
---Theresonlyone./Therearenine.只有一個(gè)。/有九個(gè)。
(4)如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,用:Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+isthere+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)?
Howmuchwateristhereinthecup?杯中有多少水?
Howmuchfoodisthereinthebowl?碗里有多少食物?
專題一、英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法匯總及練習(xí)
一.概念
英語(yǔ)的構(gòu)詞法主要有:合成法,轉(zhuǎn)化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和詞首字母縮略法.
二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講
1.轉(zhuǎn)化法
英語(yǔ)中,有的名詞可作動(dòng)詞,有的形容詞可作副詞或動(dòng)詞,這種把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫作轉(zhuǎn)化法。
1)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
很多動(dòng)詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞,大多意思沒(méi)有多大的變化(如下①);有時(shí)意思有一定變化(如下②);有的與一個(gè)動(dòng)詞和不定冠詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ),表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作(如下③)。例如:
①Letsgooutforawalk.我們到外面去散散步吧。
②Heisamanofstrongbuild.他是一個(gè)體格健壯的漢子。
③Letshaveaswim.咱們游泳吧。
2)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞
很多表示物件(如下①)、身體部位(如下②)、某類人(如下③)的名詞可以用作動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示動(dòng)作,某些抽象名詞(如下④)也可作動(dòng)詞。例如:
①Didyoubookaseatontheplane?你訂好飛機(jī)座位了嗎?
②Pleasehandmethebook.請(qǐng)把那本書遞給我。
③Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.她看護(hù)丈夫,使他恢復(fù)了健康。
④Welunchedtogether.我們?cè)谝黄鸪粤宋绮汀?/p>
3)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞
有少數(shù)形容詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。例如:
Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。
4)副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞
有少數(shù)副詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。例如:
Murderwillout.(諺語(yǔ))惡事終必將敗露。
5)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
表示顏色的形容詞??赊D(zhuǎn)化為名詞(如下①);某些形容詞如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等與the連用,表示一類人,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)(如下②)。例如:
Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.你在葬禮中該穿黑色衣服。
Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.我們村的老年人過(guò)著幸福的生活。
2.派生法
在詞根前面加前綴或在詞根后面加后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫作派生法。
1)前綴
除少數(shù)前綴外,前綴一般改變單詞的意義,不改變?cè)~性;后綴一般改變?cè)~類,而不引起詞義的變化。
(1)表示否定意義的前綴常用的有dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,mis-,non-,un-等,在單詞的前面加這類前綴常構(gòu)成與該詞意義相反的新詞。例如:
appear出現(xiàn)→disappear消失
correct正確的→incorrect不正確的
lead帶領(lǐng)→mislead領(lǐng)錯(cuò)
stop停下→non-stop不停
(2)表示其他意義的前綴常用的有a-(多構(gòu)成表語(yǔ)形容詞),anti-(反對(duì);抵抗),auto-(自動(dòng)),co-(共同),en-(使),inter-(互相),re-(再;又),sub-(下面的;次;小),tele-(強(qiáng)調(diào)距離)等。例如:
alone單獨(dú)的antigas防毒氣的
autochart自動(dòng)圖表
cooperate合作enjoy使高興
internet互聯(lián)網(wǎng)reuse再用
subway地鐵telephone電話
2)后綴
英語(yǔ)單詞不僅可以通過(guò)加前綴構(gòu)成新詞,也可加后綴構(gòu)成新詞。后綴通常會(huì)改變單詞的詞性,構(gòu)成意義相近的其他詞性;少數(shù)后綴還會(huì)改變?cè)~義,變?yōu)榕c原來(lái)詞義相反的新詞。
(1)構(gòu)成名詞的后綴常用的有-ence,-(e)r/-or(從事某事的人),-ese(某地人),-ess(雌性),-ful(一……),-ian(精通……的人),-ist(專業(yè)人員),-ment(性質(zhì);狀態(tài)),-ness(性質(zhì);狀態(tài)),-tion(動(dòng)作;過(guò)程)等。例如:
differ不同于→difference區(qū)別
write寫→writer作家
Japan日本→Japanese日本人
act表演→actress女演員
mouth口→mouthful一口
music音樂(lè)→musician音樂(lè)家
(2)構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的后綴常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容詞之后),-fy(使……化),-ize(使……成為)。例如:
wide→widen加寬
beauty→beautify美化
pure→purify提純
real→realize意識(shí)到
organ→organize組織
(3)構(gòu)成形容詞的后綴常用的有-al,
-able(有能力的),-(a)n(某國(guó)人的),-en(多用于表示材料的名詞后),-ern(方向的),-ese(某國(guó)人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive,-less(表示否定),-like(像……的),-ly,-ous,-some,-y(表示天氣)等。例如:
nature自然→natural自然的
reason道理→reasonable有道理的
America美國(guó)→American美國(guó)的
China中國(guó)→Chinese中國(guó)人的
gold金子→golden金的
east東→eastern東方的
child孩子→childish孩子氣的
snow雪→snowy雪的
(4)構(gòu)成副詞的常用后綴有-ly(主要用于形容詞之后表示方式或程度),-ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的詞之后表示方向)。例如:
angry生氣的→angrily生氣地
to到→towards朝……,向……
east東方→eastward向東
(5)構(gòu)成數(shù)詞的后綴有-teen(十幾),-ty(幾十),-th(構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞)。例如:
six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六
four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十
3.合成法
1)合成名詞
構(gòu)成方式例詞
名詞+名詞weekend周末
名詞+動(dòng)詞daybreak黎明
名詞+動(dòng)名詞handwriting書法
名詞+及物動(dòng)詞+er/orpain-killer止痛藥
名詞+介詞+名詞editor-in-chief總編輯
代詞+名詞she-wolf母狼
動(dòng)詞+名詞typewriter打字機(jī)
動(dòng)名詞+名詞reading-room閱覽室
現(xiàn)在分詞+名詞flying-fish飛魚
形容詞+名詞gentleman紳士
副詞+動(dòng)詞outbreak爆發(fā)
介詞+名詞afternoon下午
2)合成形容詞
名詞+形容詞snow-white雪白的
名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞English-speaking講英語(yǔ)的
名詞+to+名詞face-to-face面對(duì)面的
名詞+過(guò)去分詞man-made人造的
數(shù)詞+名詞one-way單行的
數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞two-year-old兩歲的
數(shù)詞+名詞+edfive-storeyed五層的
動(dòng)詞+副詞see-through透明的
形容詞+名詞high-class高級(jí)的
形容詞+名詞+ednoble-minded高尚的
形容詞+形容詞light-blue淺藍(lán)色的
形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞good-looking相貌好看的
副詞+形容詞ever-green常青的
副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working勤勞的
副詞+過(guò)去分詞well-known著名的
副詞+名詞fast-food專門提供快餐服務(wù)的
介詞+名詞downhill下坡的
3)合成動(dòng)詞
名詞+動(dòng)詞sleep-walk夢(mèng)游
形容詞+動(dòng)詞white-wash粉刷
副詞+動(dòng)詞overthrow推翻
4)合成副詞
形容詞+名詞hotfoot匆忙地
形容詞+副詞everywhere到處
副詞+副詞however盡管如此
介詞+名詞beforehand事先
介詞+副詞forever永遠(yuǎn)
5)合成代詞
代詞賓格+selfherself她自己
物主代詞+selfmyself我自己
形容詞+名詞anything任何東西
6)合成介詞
副詞+名詞inside在……里面
介詞+副詞within在……之內(nèi)
副詞+介詞into進(jìn)入
4.截短法(縮略法)
截短法,即將單詞縮寫,詞義和詞性保持不變,主要有截頭、去尾、截頭去尾等形式。
1)截頭
telephone→phone
aeroplane→plane
omnibus→bus
2)去尾
mathematics→maths
co-operate→co-op
examination→exam
kilogram→kilo
laboratory→lab
taxicab→taxi
3)截頭去尾
influenza→flu
refrigerator→fridge
prescription→script
5.混合法(混成法)
混合法,即將兩個(gè)詞混合或各取一部分緊縮而成一個(gè)新詞。后半部分表示主體;前半部分表示屬性。
newsbroadcast→newscast新聞廣播
televisionbroadcast→telecast電視播送
smokeandfog→smog煙霧
helicopterairport→heliport直升飛機(jī)場(chǎng)
6.首尾字母縮略法
首尾字母縮略法,即用單詞首尾字母組成一個(gè)新詞。讀音主要有兩種形式,即各字母分別讀音;作為一個(gè)單詞讀音。
veryimportantperson→VIP(讀字母音)要人;大人物
television→TV(讀字母音)電視
TestingofEnglishasaForeignLanguage→TOEFL托福
Nato
三.鞏固練習(xí)
1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.
A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness
2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild,sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.
A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death
3.Thechildlooked________athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.
A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad
4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.
A.chemistryB.chemical
C.chemistD.physician
5.Thethree-________chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.
A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged
6.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.
A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership
7.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem,Jacklooked________aboutathisclassmates.
A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely
8.Toeveryone’s________,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.
A.satisfiedB.satisfactory
C.satisfyingD.satisfaction
9.—Whatareyoudoinghere?
—Oh,myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout________inEnglish.
—Youcanwrite________passageinEnglish?
A.600words;a600-words
B.600-word;a600-words
C.600words;a600-word
D.600words;a600-words
10.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.
A.permitB.permission
C.permittingD.permittence
11.Youmustcomewithustothepolice________.Ourheadiswaitingforyou.
A.headquartersB.headline
C.headmasterD.headache
12.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident;youdidit________.
A.intendB.intention
C.intentionallyD.intentional
13.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.
A.practiceB.practise
C.practicalD.practiced
14.The________orderedhimtopaya0fine.
A.judgerB.judgment
C.judgeD.judgement
15.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe________newsaboutIraqWar?
A.latelyB.latest
C.laterD.latter
16.TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin________.
A.longerB.length
C.longD.longing
17.Tomy________,Ipassedtheexameasily.
A.joyB.joyful
C.joylessD.joyness
18.Canadaismainlyan________country.
A.English-speakingB.speak-English
C.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken
19.How________heis!Heisalwaysacting________.Heisreallya________.
A.foolish;foolishly;fool
B.fool;foolish;fool
C.foolish;fool;fool
D.foolishly;foolish;fool
20.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It’sofgreat________.
A.valuableB.value
C.valuelessD.unvaluable
21.Therewere________fishintheriverinSouthAmerica.
A.indangerB.danger
C.dangerousD.dangerless
22.Theletter“b”intheword“doubt”is________.
A.soundB.silent
C.silenceD.sounded
23.Thechildlookedatme________.
A.strangerB.strangely
C.strangeD.strangeless
24.Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheir________bravely.
A.freeB.freely
C.freedomD.frees
25.Whatyousaidsounded________butinfactitwasuntrue.
A.reasonableB.reasonful
C.reasonlessD.unreason
26.Wehavetolearn________technologyfromothercountries.
A.advanceB.advancing
C.advantageD.advanced
27.Thechildrenliveinavillage________.Theycomeherealmosteveryday.
A.nearbyB.near
C.nearlyD.nearby
28.MrBlackisan________inthearmy,notan________inthegovernment.Youcannoteasilyfindhiminhis________.
A.official;officer;office
B.officer;office;official
C.official;official;official
D.officer;official;office
29.You’dbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttokeep________.
A.healthB.healthy
C.healthilyD.healthier
30.________speaking,Ididn’tdoitonpurpose.
A.Honestly B.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest
[參考答案]1-5BDACB6-10CBDCB11-15ACDCB16-20BAAAB
專題二、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法匯總及練習(xí)
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài):
初中英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)主要有五種:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí),一般將來(lái)時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).
1.一般現(xiàn)時(shí)的用法:主要由動(dòng)詞原形表示,但在第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)要在詞尾加-s。否定句和疑問(wèn)句要用助動(dòng)詞do,does.
A.經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如Thetreesgetgreeninspring.。
B現(xiàn)在特征或狀態(tài)。如TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestinourcountry.
Hedoesn`tworkinthefactory.
C.普遍真理。如Thesunrisesintheeast.Fiveandtwoinseven.
2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞be的人稱形式加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。
主要表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:
Wherearetheyswimming?Theyareswimmingintheriver.
有些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示近期按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這些動(dòng)詞是:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,worksleep,stay,play,do,have,wear…..
Sheiscomingtoseemetomorrow.
3.一般將來(lái)時(shí):主要表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。
由助動(dòng)詞shall或will加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。/begoingto加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成
Itwon’traintonight.Ishallmeetyouatthestation.
Heisgoingtohaveaswimtomorrow.
4.一般過(guò)去時(shí):由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示。
表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。包括過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。如;
Didyouknockatthedoorjustnow?/Hefinishedreadingthebookyesterday.
5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):由have的人稱形式加過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成
A到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。如:
IhavelentmybooktoAnn.我把書借給了安。
Hehasneverseenarealtiger.他從來(lái)沒(méi)有見過(guò)真老虎。
B、從過(guò)去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如:
Shehaslivedheresince1991.從一九九一年起她就住在這里。
時(shí)態(tài)常用的時(shí)間副詞
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)every(year,otherday,twodays,week,month…),often,always,usually,sometimes,inthemorning,insummer,onSunday
一般過(guò)去時(shí)lastweek,justnow,yesterday,yeaterdaymorning,thedaybeforeyesterday,then,
atthatmoment,(afewdays)ago,
一般將來(lái)時(shí)tomorrow,nextmonth,intwodays,
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)now
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)since,for(oneyear….),just,already,yet,inthelastfiveyears,…before.sofar
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。Be有人稱,數(shù)量和時(shí)態(tài)變化。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):be(isamare)+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
一般過(guò)去時(shí):be(waswere)+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)填空:
1.Light_________(travel)fasterthansound.He_______(get)upearlyinthemorning
2.Johnusually________(go)homeonSundaymorning.
3.Cats________(like)fishwhiledogs_______(like).
4.Healways__________(sleep)withhiswindowsopen.
5.Onetree___________(notmake)awood.Twoandthree_______(be)five.
6.I______(say)youarewrong.Everything_______(go)wellinspring.
7.He_________(notwok)onSundays.He_______(take)awalkaftersupper.
8.Lucy________(prefer)coffeetomilk.Lily________(hate)traveling.
9.Children_______(love)toplaygames.Theboy_____(look)likehismother.
10.Thesun_______(rise)intheeastand______(go)downinthewest.
11.Where______you______(go)justnow?I_______(go)tothelibrary.
12.He______(live)inChinalastyear,buthe________(live)inJapannow.He_________(live)there
forthreemonths.He________(live)therebytheendofthisyear.
13.He_______(pay)tenyuanforhisnewbookyesterday.It______(cost)himsolittle.
14.What_____you_____(wear)yesterday?I_______(wear)ablueskirt.
15.He______(feel)verytiredlastnight,he____(fall)asleepveryquickly.
16.He______(say)he______(will)writetomeassoonashecamehome.
17.He______(take)histemperaturehalfanhourago.
18.We________(win)theleaguematchlastweek,we______(be)thewinners.
19.She______(keep)mewaitingforanhourlastnight.She______(be)late.
20.He______(find)itdifficulttogettosleep.becausehe_______(be)tooglad.
21.He________(read)abookwhenI______(see)her.
22.Greatchanges_______(happen)inthevillagelastyear.
23.He____(drive)toShanghailastweek,he________(choose)manypresentsforhisfamily.
24.Justnow,he______(mistake)meforLucy.
25.What______you_____(do)now?I________(look)formypen.
26.Look,they______(read)overthere,others_______(dance)underthetalltree.
27.Listen,someone___________(sing)Englishsongsnextroom.
28.It’sfiveo’clock..I________(do)myhomework,Mybrother__________(play)games,mymother_________(cook)supper,myfather________(mend)hiscarinthegarden.
29.Tom__________(fly)kiteswithhisclassmatesonthehillnow.
30.Who____________(wash)clothesoverthere?It’smymother.
初中英語(yǔ)(新課標(biāo)版)中考總復(fù)習(xí)沖刺材料3
實(shí)戰(zhàn):
1.Theanswerisniceandsoft.ShallI______theshopkeeperifIcantryiton?
A.ask
B.answer
C.speak
D.tell
2.Tickets,please.MayI______yourticketplease,madam?
A.show
B.watch
C.find
D.see
3.Itsnotgoodto______whenyouarewaitingforabus.
A.standinline
B.getonwell
C.jumpthequeue
D.waitforyourturn
4.Itshardtocountthemonkeys,theyrerunningandjumping__________.
A.attimes
B.allthetime
C.moreorless
D.rightaway
5.Imsorry,weve_______theshoesinyoursize.
A.paidfor
B.puton
C.soldout
D.putaway
6.Weihuaspenwas________,sosheneededanewone.
A.broken
B.long
C.cheap
D.here
7.Youcanoftenbuythingsfromtheirshop_______home.
A.oftheway
B.bytheway
C.anotherwayof
D.onyourway
8.Theteacherintheschoollibraryisvery________.Youmustreturnyourlibrarybookontime!
A.kind
B.lonely
C.strict
D.polite
9.Thankstoman-makesatellite,theworlditselfisbecomingamuchsmaller_____.
A.space
B.place
C.room
D.universe
10.Ilikethesweater,butit________toomuch.
A.uses
B.takes
C.costs
D.spends
11.FatherChristmaslandsontopof_______houseandclimbsdownthechimneyintothefire-place.
A.each
B.all
C.either
D.both
12.Theiceisverythin.Its_______dangerous_____walkonit.
A.so,that
B.as,as
C.from,to
D.too,to
13.Onedayhismotherwasill.She______adoctor.
A.sentfor
B.sentaway
C.sentup
D.fellbehind
14.He_______theradioandlistenedtothemusic.
A.opened
B.turnedon
C.turnedoff
D.closed
15.Thedoctor_______MrsBrownverycarefullyandthensaid:"Theresnothingmuchwrongwithyou."
A.watched
B.operated
C.lookedover
D.lookedafter
我們步步深入,開始接觸到整個(gè)句子的heart--動(dòng)詞了。掌握了動(dòng)詞,你學(xué)起英語(yǔ)來(lái)就會(huì)感到駕輕就熟了。告訴你,一定要記牢動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去式,過(guò)去分詞,如果在這些小地方丟分,那才討厭呢。比如:catch的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞(caught,caught)你可能就不知道吧?痛下決心,好好記一記吧。下面呢,我們就各個(gè)擊破。先講系動(dòng)詞。
系動(dòng)詞:大概是最簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)詞了。你只需注意的是系動(dòng)詞除了be的形式之外,還有become,get,grow,turn,sound,look,smell,taste等,它們不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),必須和作表語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)(如形容詞,名詞等)連用,所以用的時(shí)候,可要小心為是呀!如:Itsmellsdelicious.(它聞起來(lái)味道很美)。delicious是形容詞,不是副詞。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:首先要記住情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后必跟動(dòng)詞原形。must和need幾乎是每年的必考題,這里我們重點(diǎn)講一下。
must的意思是"應(yīng)當(dāng),必須",側(cè)重于說(shuō)話者的主觀看法,沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)變化,其否定式是mustnt,在"MustI(we)...."的疑問(wèn)句中,須注意的是其否定回答常用neednt。如:MustIgo?(我一定要走嗎?) No,youneednt.(不,不必。)
need意為"需要"。既可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,又可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,因此在用法上需要注意。作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),need后跟名詞,動(dòng)名詞,或不定式。如:Ineedtogo.(我得走了。)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),后跟動(dòng)詞原形。如:Youneedntcometomorrowifyouarebusy.(如果你忙,明天就不必來(lái)了。)
實(shí)意動(dòng)詞:實(shí)意動(dòng)詞可謂家族興旺,人員眾多。我們跑(run),我們跳(jump),我們笑(laugh),這些都得用實(shí)意動(dòng)詞來(lái)表達(dá)。我們一起來(lái)看一看一些特殊的詞吧。它們?cè)诮觿?dòng)名詞和不定式時(shí)意義有所不同。
stop:這個(gè)詞讓好多同學(xué)大傷了一番腦筋,到底什么時(shí)候加todo,什么時(shí)候加
doing呢?兩者意義又有什么不同呢?OK,Comewithme.看下面兩個(gè)句子。
Whentheteachercamein,theystoppedtoread.
Whentheteachercamein,theystoppedtalking.
第一句的意思是"當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),他們停下來(lái)開始讀書"。而第二句的意思是"老師進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),他們停止了說(shuō)話"。所以stoptodosth表示"停止正在做的事情去干另一件事"。而stopdoing表示"中斷正在做的某事"?,F(xiàn)在明白了嗎?
forget,remember,regret這三個(gè)詞用法基本相同,只要記住+doing表示"事情已經(jīng)做過(guò)",+todo表示"事情還未做"就可以了。forgettodo忘記要去做某事。(未做) forgetdoing忘記做過(guò)某事。(已做)如:Thelightisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.燈還在亮著,他忘記關(guān)了。(沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作) Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。(已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)
感官動(dòng)詞:see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel等+do表示動(dòng)作的完整性,真實(shí)性+doing表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性,進(jìn)行性。如:Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見了"這個(gè)事實(shí))Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我見他正干活"這個(gè)動(dòng)作)昨天我見他正在花園里干活。
又到了我們趁熱打鐵的時(shí)間了,好學(xué)的你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?
練習(xí):
1.WangLin_______somehelp.Canyouhelphim?
A.needs
B.want
C.needto
D.ask
2.Allofusenjoy_______footballverymuch.
A.play
B.playing
C.played
D.toplay
3.----Thelightintheclassroomisstillon.
----Oh,Iforgot___.
A.turningitoff
B.turnitoff
C.toturnitoff
D.havingturneditoff
4.Iregret___thewindow.
A.todo
B.tobedoing
C.tohavedone
D.havingbroken
5.Hisgrandparentssawher___upfromchildhood.
A.grow
B.grew
C.wasgrowing
D.togrow
6.---WhatsthisinEnglish?
---Sorry,Icant_____itinEnglish.
A.tell
B.say
C.speak
D.talk
7.---_____Ifinishmyhomworktoday?
---No,youneednt.
A.Can
B.May
C.Must
D.Need
8.InSpring,thedays______longerandlonger,thetrees_______green.
A.get,turn
B.gets,turns
C.got,turned
D.havegot,haveturned
9.Whenthetrafficlightsarered,you________stop.
A.can
B.must
C.wont
D.neednt
10.Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,I________tomydeskmate.
A.stoppedtotalk
B.stoppedtalking
C.stoptotalk
D.stoptalking
實(shí)戰(zhàn):
1.---Whosecalculatorisit?
---Its______.
A.shes
B.hers
C.her
D.she
2._______December23,MrandMrsHopkensflewtoLondonforatrip.
A.on
B.in
C.at
D.for
3.TheScienceMuseumislocated________thecentreofthetown.
A.with
B.near
C.beside
D.in
4.Doyouthinkmathsis________importantthanEnglish?
A.very
B.as
C.more
D.quite
5.Thecaptainhasa_______daughter.
A.five-years-old
B.fiveyearsold
C.fiveyearold
D.five-year-old
6.Twofishermensaw______intheskywhiletheywerefishingbyariver.
A.somethingstrange
B.anythingstrange
C.strangesomething
D.strangeanything
7.TheygotaChristmastreeanditwas______ours.
A.sotallas
B.sotalleras
C.astallas
D.astalleras
8.Whos______womanoverthere?
A./
B.the
C.a
D.an
9.A:_______havethescientistsbeenthere?B.Forabouttwoyears.
A.Howmanytimes
B.How
C.Whattime
D.Howlong
10._______thatpairofnew________expensive?
A.Is,shoe
B.Are,shoe
C.Is,shoes
D.Are,shoes
11.Dickjumpedintoalargehole________hesawthebear.
A.while
B.assoonas
C.until
D.if
12._______coldweatheritisattheSouthPole!
A.What
B.Whatan
C.How
D.Whata
13.Idontknow________lastnight.
A.whytheydidntgotothemovies
B.whentheydidntgotothemovies
C.whydidnttheygotothemovies
D.whendidnttheygotothemovies
14.Therearentmanyorangeshere,butyoucantake_______ifyouwantto.
A.few
B.afew
C.alittle
D.little
15.Tomfailedintheexam.Helooked________.
A.happy
B.sadly
C.upset
D.lovely
不定式和動(dòng)詞象一對(duì)姐妹一樣親密,本不該拆開來(lái)講,可是篇幅有限,只能讓他們分開了。不定式的構(gòu)成非常簡(jiǎn)單,告訴我是什么?對(duì)!是to+動(dòng)詞原形。當(dāng)然啦,to有時(shí)也可以不帶。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,可以擔(dān)當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)外的任何句子成分。那什么時(shí)候可以不帶to呢?Listentomecarefully.
不定式省to有四種情況:
使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make等后接不定式。如:Lethimgo!讓他走!
wouldrather,hadbetter后。如:Youhadbetterstayathome.你最好呆在家里。
Why.../whynot...后。如:WhynothaveagoodrestonSunday?為什么星期天不好好休息一下呢?
感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ),省to。如:Isawhimdance.我看見他跳舞。
注意:這些情況在被動(dòng)句中可千萬(wàn)不可省to喲!如:Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.變成被動(dòng)句:Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.
不定式的特殊用法:
It與不定式:動(dòng)詞不定式可以做主語(yǔ),但如果動(dòng)詞不定式太長(zhǎng),顯得頭重腳輕的,那么我們就可用形式主語(yǔ)it代替,而把真正主語(yǔ)(即不定式)放于句尾。
如:ItisnotdifficultformetostudyEnglishwell.(對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是可能的。)
不定式還可以充當(dāng)句子的賓語(yǔ),但有些動(dòng)詞,如find,think,believe等,在語(yǔ)法上不能接受不定式作賓語(yǔ),只有用it作形式賓語(yǔ),從而把動(dòng)詞不定式置于句尾。這樣的不定式可繼續(xù)充當(dāng)其賓語(yǔ)的作用。
如:Ifounditdifficulttofallasleep.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。
還有一點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式,還可用在how,when,where,what,which等疑問(wèn)代詞或副詞之后,與其共同作賓語(yǔ)。如:Idontknowhowtouseacomputer.我不知道怎樣使用電腦。Remember?
too...to...和enough...to:too...to表達(dá)"太...一致于不能..."。
enough...to表達(dá)"足以..."。這兩個(gè)詞組的用法用兩個(gè)例子就可以說(shuō)清楚了。
Theboxistooheavyformetolift.這個(gè)箱子太沉了,我提不動(dòng)。
Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上學(xué)的年齡了。也就是說(shuō),他的年齡足夠上學(xué)了。記住這兩個(gè)句子就可以舉一反三,應(yīng)用自如。你記住了嗎?
好吧,再試一把趁熱打鐵!
練習(xí):
1.Tellhim___thewindow.
A.toclosenot
B.nottoclose
C.tonotclose
D.notclose
2.Pauldoesnthavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.
A.learn
B.tolearn
C.learned
D.learning
3.Youdbetter_______thestoryinJapanese.
A.say
B.speak
C.tell
D.talk
4.Thepatientwaswarned___oilyfoodaftertheoperation.
A.toeatnot
B.eatingnot
C.nottoeat
D.noteating
5.----Iusuallygotherebytrain.
----Whynot___byboatforachange?
A.totrygoing
B.tryingtogo
C.totryandgo
D.trygoing
6.Therearesomebooksonthefloor,wouldyoulike________?
A.topickthemup
B.topickupthem
C.pickitup
D.pickupit
7.Sheisveryill,lets_______adoctoratonce.
A.towakeup
B.sendfor
C.topayfor
D.payfor
8.Iwant________ateacherwhenIgrowup.
A.tobe
B.to
C.be
D.being
9.Itscoldhere.Youdbetter______yourcoat.
A.nottakeout
B.nottotakedown
C.nottakeoff
D.nottotakeaway
10.Mymothertoldme________morewater.
A.drinking
B.drank
C.todrink
D.drink
實(shí)戰(zhàn):
1.Youdbetter_______readinthesun.
A.notto
B.not
C.dont
D.to
2.Youarentanewdriver,areyou?_______.
A.No,Iam
B.Yes,Imnot
C.No,youare
D.Yes,Iam
3.MustIstayherenow?_________.
A.No,youmustnt
B.No,youneednt
C.Yes,youcan
D.Yes,youmay
4.Thereis_______"s"intheword"bus".
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
5.Neithereofus______adoctor.
A.is
B.isnt
C.are
D.arent
6.Whowasthefirstinthegirls_________race?
A.400metre
B.400-metre
C.400metres
D.400-metres
7.Itstoonoisyhere,Icant_______.
A.gotosleep
B.falltosleep
C.sleeping
D.gettosleep
8.Thestoryhappened________theeveningofOctober20,1995.
A.at
B.on
C.in
D.to
9.CouldIspeaktoMrGao,please?________.Hehasgonetothehospital.
A.Ithinkso
B.Certainly,youcan
C.Imafraidnot
D.Imnotsure
10.Imsorrytotroubleyou,MissHu.________.
A.Fine,thankyou.
B.Allright.
C.Itsverykindofyou.
D.Itdoesntmatter.
11.Canyoutellmewhere________?
A.isthepostoffice
B.thepostofficeis
C.doesthepostoffice
D.thepostofficedoes
12.InEngland,thefirstnameis_______name,butinChina,thefirstnameis______name.
A.family,given
B.given,family
C.family,family
D.given,given
13.LiPingmetanoldfriendof_______onatrainyesterday.
A.he
B.him
C.his
D.her
14.Kateis________girl.
A.aeighteen-year-old
B.aeighteen-years-old
C.aneighteen-years-old
D.aneighteen-year-old
15.Ourcityisgetting________.
A.beautifulandbeautiful
B.beautifulerandbeautifuler
C.moreandmorebeautiful
D.morebeautiflerandmorebeautifuler
別看介詞是一種虛詞,它在句中的作用卻非常重要。它用來(lái)表明名詞與句中其他詞的關(guān)系,
不能單獨(dú)使用。常考點(diǎn)包括一些固定搭配和一些近義詞。固定搭配如:ononeswayhome,help...with,sendfor,beinterestedin...,belatefor,beangrywith,begoodat等。當(dāng)然這需要你好好記憶了。
常用介詞解析及用法比較:
at,on和in:這三個(gè)介詞在試卷中的出現(xiàn)頻率極高。對(duì)于它們的的分辨只要記住一句話就可以了。at表示點(diǎn),on表示線,in表示面。什么意思呢?也就是說(shuō)它們表達(dá)的范圍逐漸增大。atsixoclock,atnoon,attheageofsixteen等用at表示時(shí)刻或時(shí)間的點(diǎn)以及年齡。on具體到一周中的各天,日期及某特定的一天早上,下午,晚上:onSaturday,onJuly1st,onmybirthday,onthemorningofJuly16th,onaspringafternoon。in表達(dá)的范圍更大一些。與世紀(jì)、年代、季節(jié)、月份以及早上、上午、晚上等連用。如:intheseventhcentury,in1950s,in2000,inthemorning等。
for,since:for表示多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。since后接時(shí)間起點(diǎn),其終點(diǎn)往往為現(xiàn)在,常與完成時(shí)連用。牢牢記住喲。
after,in:這兩個(gè)介詞都可以表示時(shí)間"在以后"的意思。其區(qū)別是:after以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn),表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間之后,常用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子;in以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn),表示將來(lái)一段時(shí)間以后,常用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的句子。
by,with,in:by表示"以...的方式,方法,手段"和"乘某種交通工具";with指"借助于具體的手段或工具";in表示"以......方式,用語(yǔ)言,文字等媒介"。
for和of:試比較:ItsimpossibleformetowatchTVafterelevenoclock.Itskindofyoutohelpme.
兩句中介詞的選擇依據(jù)其前形容詞而定,一般來(lái)說(shuō),of之前的形容詞往往是用于描寫人的品質(zhì)的好壞,人自身的特點(diǎn),如聰明與否,細(xì)心與粗心等;for之前的形容詞用于描寫事物的特點(diǎn),如可能性,必然性,難易程度等。
好,又到了趁熱打鐵的時(shí)間了,來(lái)檢測(cè)一下你的學(xué)習(xí)成效如何?
練習(xí):
1.Canyoutellthestory______Russian?
A.with
B.in
C.on
D.by
2.Herearesomebirthdaycards______ourteachers,______ourbestwishes.
A.of,with
B.for,with
C.of,in
D.for,in
3.Thevisitors_______Japanarrived_____BeijingstationlastTuesdaymorning.
A.from,at
B.of,to
C.from,to
D.of,on
4.Hesbadlyhurt,wemustsend_____adoctoratonce.
A.to
B.up
C.on
D.for
5.Doyouusuallycometoschool______footor_____-bike?
A.by...by
B.on...on
C.on...by
D.by...on
6.--whenwasJimborn?
--______July,18,1978.
A.on
B.at
C.in
D.to
7.WeiFangboughtanewpenatashop_____herwayhome.
A.on
B.at
C.in
D.to
8.Donttellanybodyaboutit.Keepitasecret_______youandme.
A.among
B.between
C.in
D.with
9.Theteacherwillbeback______anhour.
A.in
B.after
C.of
D.at
10.--HowlonghaveyoubeeninBeijing?
--Ivebeenhere_____1989.
A.in
B.since
C.on
D.for
實(shí)戰(zhàn):
1.______maninbrownis_____friendofmyfatheres.
A.The..the
B.The...a
C.A...a
D.A...the
2.Hereisaletter______you.Its______youraunt.
A.to...for
B.for...to
C.from...to
D.for...from
3.Thetwinsare____interestedinChinesefood.
A.all
B.both
C.neither
D.each
4.Itis______hotinNanjinginsummer.
A.toomuch
B.muchtoo
C.muchmore
D.somuch
5.Thatstoodear.Haveyougot_______?
A.cheapersomething
B.everythingcheaper
C.cheaperanything
D.anythingcheaper
6.--CanIgoouttoplayfootballnow?
--No,you_______.Youmustdoyourhomeworkfirst.
A.wont
B.cant
C.neednt
D.dont
7.Theboydidntgotobed_______hewasaskedto.
A.while
B.since
C.until
D.assoonas
8.LessonTwois______thanLessonOne.
A.muchdifficult
B.muchmoredifficult
C.themostdifficult
D.littledifficult
9.Youdbetter_______hereanylonger.
A.dontstay
B.nottostay
C.tonotstay
D.notstay
10.It_______himhalfanhourtorideabiketogethere.
A.spent
B.used
C.took
D.paid
11.MrsReaddoesntknow______forherdaughter.
A.whatwillshebuy
B.whichwillshebuy
C.tobuywhat
D.whatshewillbuy
12.Thesechildernhaveneverseensnow,_______they?
A.do
B.dont
C.havent
D.have
13.Why_______shoppingatonce?
A.dontgo
B.notgoto
C.didintgo
D.notgo
14.TheGreatWall______allovertheworld.
A.isbeingknown
B.wasknown
C.hasknown
D.isknown
15.Myfriendhasworkedinthathospital_________.
A.sinceitopened
B.foritopened
C.sinceitopens
D.sinceitisopen
好了,現(xiàn)在我們?cè)诠タ嗽~類的最后一個(gè)堡壘——連詞。連詞更好對(duì)付了,我們只講幾個(gè)??嫉脑~組就可以了。
連詞??嫉降挠幸韵聨讉€(gè)詞組:
both...and:表示"兩者都...".注意:當(dāng)both...and連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),后面動(dòng)詞一般要用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Both
LilyandLucyareright.
notonly...butalso:"不僅...而且..."。注意:后面動(dòng)詞采用就近原則,與butalso后的詞保持一致。
如:Notonlymyparentsbutalsomybrotherlikesthecat.
either...or:"或者...或者..."。注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近原則。如:EitheryouorIamwrong.
neither...nor:"既不...也不..."是"either...or"的否定形式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近原則,與nor后的
詞保持一致。如:Neitheryounorheisright.
or的用法:意思為"否則"。如:Imustworkhard,orIllfailintheexam.(我必須好好學(xué)習(xí),否則
我會(huì)考不及格了。)
Soeasy,notdifficultatall!OK!Letscometoour趁熱打鐵。
練習(xí):
1._________John_______Iarepolicemen.
A.Neither...nor
B.Either...or
C.Both...and
D.Notonly...butalso
2.MrSmithteaches______well______hislessonsarenoteasilyforgotten.
A.very...that
B.quite...but
C.so...as
D.so...that
3.Hedidntgotosleep______hefinishedhishomework.
A.till
B.before
C.after
D.until
4.Ididntbuythedictionaryyesterday________myauntwouldgivemeone.
A.until
B.because
C.if
D.before
5.Therunnerfell_______hequicklygotupandwentonrunning.
A.or
B.and
C.but
D.down
6.Waitformeintheroom_______Icomeback.
A.until
B.and
C.so
D.or
7.Illreturnthebookstothelibrary______soonaspossible.
A.as
B.so
C.just
D.but
8.Goalongtheroad,_______youllfindthemarketattheendofit.
A.when
B.and
C.or
D.though
9.Youllbelate______youdontgetupearlytomorrowmorning.
A.if
B.when
C.before
D.until
10.Itwaslate.Shewashedherface______wenttobed.
A.or
B.and
C.so
D.but
實(shí)踐:
1.MrLinoftencomestotheparktodomorningexercieseatthistimeof______day.
A.the
B.a
C.不填
D.an
2.Thisis_______business,notmine.
A.MrYangandMrZhangs
B.MrYangandMrZhang
C.MrYangsandMrZhang
D.MrYangsandMrZhangs
3.Ihavegot______newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?
A.averygood
B.any
C.apieceof
D.twopieces
4.She_______athickcoattoday,thoughitisntverycold.
A.iswearing
B.puton
C.dressed
D.isdressing
5.Thatwomanisverytired,soshe________.
A.stoppedtowork
B.stoppedhavingagoodrest
C.stoppedtohavearest
D.stoppedtoworking
6.--Hello,whoareyou________?
--Mymother.
A.waiting
B.waitingfor
C.finding
D.looking
7.MyunclewenttoMoscowtodosomebusinessthreemonths______?
A.before
B.later
C.ago
D.after
8.Edisonwasclevererthan_______studentsinhisclass,buthisteacherdidintknowthis.
A.allthe
B.other
C.another
D.theothers
9.IdontknowwhereJackisnow.________-inthecinema.
A.Maybehe
B.Maybehe
C.Hemightbe
D.Hemaybe
10.Itwas______dark_____wecouldntseeanythingclearly.
A.very,that
B.too,to
C.so,as
D.so,that
11.Therearetwodictionariesonhisdesk,but______ofthemisusefultome.
A.all
B.neither
C.both
D.either
12._______Isawhimdrivingacaracrossthestreet.
A.Rightnow
B.Justamoment
C.Rightaway
D.Justnow
13.Shewillbebackbyairfromshanghai________.
A.inaweek
B.afteraweek
C.aweeklater
D.untilaweek
14.Youmaypayattentiontoyourwriting______nobodycanunderstandwhatyouwanttowrite.
A.but
B.and
C.or
D.that
15.Thetestis______easierand_____interestingthanthatone.
A.more,much
B.much,more
C.more,more
D.much,much
提起時(shí)態(tài),當(dāng)然是指動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)啦。過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)等不同時(shí)間段發(fā)生的事情要用不同的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示。時(shí)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間和方式。閉上眼睛想一想,初中我們學(xué)過(guò)的時(shí)態(tài)有幾個(gè)?初中我們共學(xué)過(guò)八種時(shí)態(tài)。本講將這幾個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)總體介紹一下:
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):常與always,often,sometimes,everyday連用,表示習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。提醒你當(dāng)?shù)谌朔Q單數(shù)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),別忘了動(dòng)詞的變化。注意:象"地球大,月亮小"等客觀真理、事實(shí)一定用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):要注意其構(gòu)成:由be+動(dòng)詞+ing,表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:Werestudyingnow.我們現(xiàn)在正在學(xué)習(xí)。
一般過(guò)去時(shí):表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與yesterday,lastyear,in1949,twoyearsago,等表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。注意:Weoftenwenttodancelastsummer.有的同學(xué)一見到often就想到用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),其實(shí)因?yàn)楹竺嬗斜硎具^(guò)去時(shí)間的lastsummer,所以要用過(guò)去式,千萬(wàn)別誤用了,切記,切記。
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):顯然過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在做什么,常和特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如atthattime,atsixyesterday,atthatmoment,whenhecamein等連用。如:Whenheknockedatthedoor,hismotherwascooking.
一般將來(lái)時(shí):表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如nextyear,tomorrow等連用。注意:在Willyou....?問(wèn)句中,回答必須是Yes,Iwill.或No,Iwont而不能用Yes,Ishall.No,Ishant.來(lái)回答過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)不可以單獨(dú)使用,它一般在賓語(yǔ)從句中作間接引語(yǔ),表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如:TheytoldmethattheywouldgotoworkinGuangdong.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):顧名思義,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,但動(dòng)作造成的影響還在,常被just,already,yet等副詞修飾。如:HehasalreadygonetoTianjin.對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是他已經(jīng)不在這兒了?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,常帶有for或since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。如:MrWanghaslivedheresince1983.表示說(shuō)話前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作,我們常用"過(guò)"來(lái)表示,常帶有twice,once,ever,never等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如:Iveneverseenthatfilm.
過(guò)去完成時(shí):我們可以用"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"來(lái)概括過(guò)去完成時(shí),表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作,通常與by,before等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)或when,before,after引導(dǎo)的從句連用。也可表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始,一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,常和for或since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。用法和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)大致相同,只不過(guò)又向前推了一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。
八個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)可能得讓你好好對(duì)付一陣子,但細(xì)細(xì)學(xué)來(lái),也并不困難。不信嗎?試試趁熱打鐵你就知道了。
練習(xí):
1.Thezoo_______inthenorthofthecity.
A.lies
B.builds
C.seems
D.lying
2.--Tom______out.
--Oh,ishe?Whattime_______he______out?
A.is,did,go
B.went,is,going
C.hasgone,did,go
D.isgoing,does,go
3.--Itmustbeonchannel2.Trythat.
--I______that.ButIstillcantgetanything.
A.havetried
B.tried
C.try
D.willdo
4.Theyusually________TVintheevening.
A.watch
B.willwatch
C.arewatching
D.watches
5.Hehas_______forabouttwelveyears.
A.boughtthehouse
B.lefthere
C.livedhere
D.gonehere
6.Thetwooldman________eachothersince1970.
A.didntseen
B.dontsee
C.haventsee
D.wontsee
7.LucyandLilycanspeakgoodChinese,becausethey______Chinaforsixyears.
A.havebeenin
B.havebeento
C.havecometo
D.havegoneto
8.--Ourcountry______alotsofar.
--Yes,Ihopeitwillbeeven________.
A.haschanged,well
B.changed,good
C.haschanged,better
D.changed,better
9.--IsawAnn_______agreendressatthemeeting.
--Ithinkshelooksbetter_______red.
A.dressed,in
B.puton,wear
C.wearing,in
D.wear,puton
10.--Ididntcometoschoolbecausemymotherwasillyesterday.
--Iamsorry______that.
A.hearing
B.hear
C.hears
D.tohear
實(shí)踐:
1.Therewillbe______interestingfilmtomorrowevening.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D.some
2.--Whatsthatoverthere?
--Its______bag.
A.I
B.me
C.my
D.mine
3.ThestudentsofClassOne______ontheplayground.
A.amplaying
B.isplaying
C.areplaying
D.wasplaying
4.Youdbetter_______latenexttime!
A.notbe
B.nottobe
C.wontbe
D.dontbe
5.Healwaysgetsupearly,_______he?
A.is
B.isnthe
C.does
D.doesnt
6.______tallthebuildingis!
A.Howa
B.How
C.What
D.Whata
7.LessonSevenis________oneinthisbook.
A.important
B.moreimportant
C.mostimportant
D.themostimportant
8.Iwillcallyouassoonasshe________back.
A.comes
B.come
C.came
D.willcome
9.Heputonhiscoat______wentout.
A.and
B.but
C.or
D.so
10.--______Igettherebeforesixoclock?
--No,youneednt.
A.Can
B.May
C.Must
D.Shall
11.Theirbabywasborn______April2,1997.
A.in
B.on
C.at
D.by
12.Herfatherisbusy_______thetruck.
A.mend
B.mends
C.mended
D.mending
13.We________thefloorwhensheleft.
A.sweep
B.swept
C.weresweeping
D.aresweeping
14.Hewants________someapplesandoranges.
A.tobuy
B.buys
C.bought
D.buy
15.Doyouunderstand______?
A.whatdidhesay
B.hesaidwhat
C.whatdoeshesay
D.whathesaid
時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用比較復(fù)雜,好多同學(xué)因?yàn)樽鲱}時(shí)不知應(yīng)用哪種時(shí)態(tài)而撓頭皮。其實(shí)你只要把易混的時(shí)態(tài)掌握好,對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)時(shí)態(tài)就沒(méi)有什么難點(diǎn)可言了。而你易混的時(shí)態(tài)無(wú)非是一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的比較罷了。這有何難?看看下面的分析,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一切"aseasyasABC"。
一般過(guò)去式和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
一般過(guò)去式只是表示事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去,陳述一個(gè)事實(shí),它可以和確定的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如:lastnight,in1999,threedaysago等連用。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示某一完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況,所以它不能和確定的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
如:Wehaveseenthatfilm.我們已看過(guò)那部電影。對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是我們對(duì)影片已有所了解。Wesawthefilmlastnight.昨天晚上我們看了那部電影。只說(shuō)明昨天晚上看電影這一事實(shí)。
注意:有些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),如thismorning,tonight,thismonth等,既可用于一般過(guò)去時(shí),又可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但所表達(dá)的意義有所不同。用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi),而用于一般過(guò)去式則與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。如:IhavereadthisbookthisApril.(說(shuō)話時(shí)仍然為四月。)IreadthisbookthisApril.(說(shuō)話時(shí)四月份已過(guò)。)
一般過(guò)去式和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的比較:
一般過(guò)去式表示過(guò)去時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),而過(guò)去完成時(shí)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),即"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在某一動(dòng)作之前時(shí),常用此時(shí)態(tài)。
如:Hehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforenineoclock. 九點(diǎn)之前他已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。實(shí)際上,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)常搭配使用。如:Whenhegothome,hisdaughterhadalreadygonetobed.當(dāng)他到家的時(shí)候,他的女兒早已去睡覺(jué)了。
在帶有after和before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,由于從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確,所以可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 如:Hecalledonmesoonafterhehadfinishedhishomework.他做完作業(yè)后不久便來(lái)拜訪我。也可以說(shuō):Hecalledonmesoonafterhefinishedhishomework.
哇塞,我們終于學(xué)完了所有時(shí)態(tài),摩拳擦掌,試試趁熱打鐵!
練習(xí):
1.ZhaoLan____already___inthisschoolfortwoyears.
A.was...studying
B.will...study
C.has...studied
D.arestudying
2.Theyusually_____TVintheevening.
A.watch
B.willwatch
C.arewatching
D.watches
3.Judy_____theGreatWalltwice,andnowshestill______togothere.
A.wentto,wanted
B.goesto,wants
C.hasgone,wants
D.hasbeento,wants
4.Shewillfindhimakindmanwhenshe_______moreabouthim.
A.knows
B.know
C.willknow
D.isgoingtoknow
5.--WhatareyougoingtogiveourteacherforTeachersDay?
--Imnotsure.MaybeI_____himsomeflowers.
A.havegiven
B.willgive
C.gave
D.give
6.--Tom______out.
--Oh,ishe?Whattime_____he_____out?
A.is,did,go
B.went,is,going
C.hasgone,did,go
D.isgoing,does,go
7.Itsnineoclocknow,they______anEnglishclass.
A.have
B.arehaving
C.having
D.willhave
8.--"WhereisLiLei?"
--"He_______hissportsshoesintheroom.He______footballwithhisfriends."
A.isputtingon,isplaying
B.putson,willplay
C.isputtingon,willplay
D.puton,played
9.MissSmithwithherparents______Chinasince_________.
A.havebeenin,twoyearsago
B.hasgoneto,twoyears
C.havebeento,twoyears
D.hasbeenin,twoyearsago
10.WhenIknockedatthedoor,mymother_______.
A.iscooking
B.cooked
C.wascooking
D.cooks