高中教案教案

Americanliterature教案。

Unit10Americanliterature
Ｉ．單元教學目標
技能目標SkillGoals
▲TalkaboutAmericanliterature
▲Practisepredictinganddescribingwhatastorymightbeabout
▲Reviewalltheverbtenses
▲Writeabookreview
II．目標語言
功能句式Predictanddescribewhatanovelwithacertainthememightbeabout.
Whatwouldbeaninterestingstory?
Whatwouldbeanexcitingplot?
Whatcharacterswouldlikelyappearinit?
Whatwouldthecharactersbelike?
Whereandwhenwouldthestorytakeplace?
Wouldyouliketoreadashortstoryoranovel?
Doyouwanttoreadforpleasureorforschool?
詞匯1.四會詞匯
garbage,maid,prince,outcome,penny,grocery,bakery,weep,furnish,shabby,mailbox,bell,rag,rare,garment,worn,carpet,barbershop,haircut,anecdote,booklet,mutton,stove,baggage,pale,prayer,approve,anyhow,shave,comb,tortoise,flash,simplify
2.認讀詞匯
DudleyRandall,Della,Dillingham,backyard,cascade,Sofronie,curl,ConeyIsland,WilliamSydneyPorter,Broadway,tortoiseshell,jewel,reaction
3.詞組
attendto,takepridein,doup,letdown,fixsthon/uponsb,atlength
4．重點詞匯
weep,furnish,shabby,anecdote,baggage,pale,approve,anyhow,shave,flash,simplify
語法Reviewalltheverbtenses.
重點句子1.Expenseshadbeengreaterthanshehadcalculated.P84
2.Shehesitatedforaminuteandstoodstillwhileatearortwofellonthewornredcarpet.P85
3.Therewasnootherlikeitinanyofthestores,andshehadturnedalloftheminsideout.P85
4.ItwasworthyoftheWatch.P85
5.It’llgrowagain—youwon’tmind,willyou?P88
6.I’mmewithoutmyhair,aren’tI?P88
III．教材分析與教材重組
1.教材分析
本單元以Americanliterature為話題,通過詩歌欣賞，判斷文學作品主題和閱讀文學名著等學習方式，使學生對美國文學的特點以及發(fā)展歷史和現(xiàn)狀有一定的認識和了解，并能用已有的關于美國的歷史、政治、文化等方面的知識判斷和描述一部文學作品的主題、內容梗概和寫作方法；能夠運用所學的語言知識和技能聽懂以對話形式對文學俱樂部舉行的某些活動的評論，如成功和失敗之處、優(yōu)點和缺點所在等；并能用英語談論美國文學作品，包括判斷主題、分析寫作特點、討論作品主人公的個性、總結中心思想等，并對作品加以評論。
1.1WARMINGUP用一首小詩激發(fā)學生對美國文學進一步了解的興趣，并使學生對美國黑人的詩歌有一個初步認識。它既呈現(xiàn)了本單元的中心話題—Americanliterature，又以回答問題的形式幫助學生以這首小詩為線索去探究美國文學的特點，為以后關于“Americanliterature”的進一步聽、說、讀、寫的學習打下基礎。
1.2LISTENING包括兩個部分。第一部分中要求學生在“聽”之前談論一下自己在英語角或英語俱樂部所參加過的活動以及他們的感受和經(jīng)歷；或者聽說過的、更有趣的英語活動和學習途徑，為下一步的“聽”作充分的準備。第二部分是一篇對話，Ben,AnnandLily正在為俱樂部組織一次英語活動。該部分設置的問題是：分析本次活動成功的原因和一次英語角活動不成功的原因，有一定難度。通過這項任務的完成，培養(yǎng)學生抓住聽力材料中的要點信息、同時加以分析和總結的能力。
1.3SPEAKING是一項對話練習，內容是根據(jù)所給出的四幅圖片，運用已有的關于美國的歷史知識去判斷每幅圖片有可能表達的一部文學作品的主題是什么。這項設計的特點是：①讓學生使用有關談論文學作品的特點、人物以及故事發(fā)生的時間、地點等方面的語言交流自己對某些文學作品看法和觀點；②豐富學生談論文學作品的語言，包括詞匯和句型等；③激發(fā)學生對美國文學的興趣，并加深對美國文學的了解，為今后喜愛閱讀更多的美國文學作品的原著打下初步的基礎。
1.4PRE-READING是READING的熱身活動。設計了兩個任務供學生實踐和完成。第一項任務是：通過略讀的方法快速獲取信息并推斷故事情節(jié)的進一步發(fā)展。第二項任務是：用瀏覽的方式在課文中快速找出特定的信息用以回答問題。
1.5READING是一部短篇小說，節(jié)選自美國著名短篇小說家歐亨利的著名短篇小說《麥琪的禮物》。文章講述了一對窮困的年輕夫婦為互贈圣誕禮物而忍痛賣掉引以自豪的長發(fā)和懷表，卻換來了不再起作用的發(fā)梳和表鏈的故事，反映了美國下層人民生活的艱難和辛酸，贊美了主人公善良的心地和相濡以沫的愛情。文章情節(jié)生動，構思巧妙，文筆簡短而精練，結局出人意料。
1.6POST-READING部分設計了三類任務，其中第一類是針對文章的理解，評價學生對文章理解的程度(Exx.1—4)；第二類是要求學生以根據(jù)課文做出的正誤判斷題為線索寫一篇描述德拉的短文(Ex.5)；第三類任務要求學生根據(jù)已知的故事情節(jié)推斷小說后半部分的故事情節(jié)將會怎樣發(fā)展(Ex.6)。后兩項任務具有很大的靈活性和挑戰(zhàn)性。
1.7LANGUAGESTUDY分為詞匯和語法兩項。詞匯部分幫助學生學習用適合的形式和意義使用詞匯和短語，旨在培養(yǎng)學生運用英語詞匯和短語的能力。語法項目是復習動詞的各種時態(tài)。
1.8INTEGRATINGSKILLS包括讀和寫兩部分。該部分是READING的續(xù)篇。在這部分中，小說的故事情節(jié)有了戲劇性的發(fā)展和出乎意料、卻又在情理之中的結局。該部分的教學重點是分析文章的寫作特點和表現(xiàn)手法并啟發(fā)學生細心體會作者是如何以文學作品為載體去表達一個深刻的思想內涵的。寫作部分的任務有兩項：一是根據(jù)所給出的四幅圖片描寫本篇小說的故事情節(jié)；二是寫一篇這部小說的摘要并對此加以評論以提高學生的寫作能力。
2.教材重組
2.1從話題內容上分析，WARMINGUP和SPEAKING以及Workbook中的TALKING比較一致;將這三部分整合在一起，設計成一節(jié)任務型“口語課”從教材份量來說也比較適當。
2.2無論從話題內容上分析，還是從訓練目的上分析，LISTENING與Workbook中的LISTENING都相一致；因此，可將兩個LISTENING整合在一起，設計成一節(jié)“聽力課”。
2.3將PRE-READING,READING和POST-READING三個活動整合在一起設計成一節(jié)“閱讀課（一）”。
2.4根據(jù)本單元的特點（INTEGRATINGSKILLS中的READING是READING的續(xù)篇），將INTEGRATINGSKILLS中的READING和WRITING整合成“閱讀課（二）”緊接第三課時。
2.5將LANGUAGESTUDY與Workbook中的PRACTISING部分整合在一起，組成一節(jié)“語法課”。
2.6將Workbook中INTEGRATINGSKILLS的READING（泛讀）“以及WRITING整合成一節(jié)“泛讀與寫作課”。
3.課型設計與課時分配（經(jīng)教材分析，根據(jù)學情，本單元可以用6課時教完。）
1stPeriodSpeaking
2ndPeriodListening
3rdPeriodReading
4thPeriodExtensivereading
5thPeriodLanguagestudy
6thPeriodExtensiveReadingWriting
Ⅳ.分課時教案
TheFirstPeriodSpeaking
Teachinggoals教學目標
1.Targetlanguage目標語言
a.重點詞匯和短語
theme,Americanliterature,nativeAmericans,slavery,theCivilWar,asaguidefor,outcome
b.交際用語
Whatwouldbeaninterestingstory?
Whatwouldbeanexcitingplot?
Whatcharacterswouldappearinit?
Whatwouldthecharactersbelike?
Wherewouldthestorytakeplace?
Whenwouldthestorytakeplace?
Wouldyouliketoreadashortstoryoranovel?
Doyouwanttoreadforpleasureorforschool?
2.Abilitygoals能力目標
EnablethestudentstotalkaboutthethemesofAmericanliterature,tellwhattypeofstoriestheyliketoreadanddiscusswhysomebookswrittenbyAmericanwritersarepopularbutsomearenotsopopular.
3.Learningabilitygoals學能目標
Helpthestudentslearnhowtopredictthethemesofnovelsaccordingtogiveninformation.
Teachingimportantpoints教學重點
LettheSslearntodescribeandpredictdifferentthemesofAmericanliteratureandwhattypeofstoriestheywouldliketoread.
Teachingdifficultpoints教學難點
HowtoexpresstheirideasaboutdifferentthemesofAmericanliteratureintheproperwaysuchasanexcitingplot,characters,whenandwherethestorytakingplaceandsoon.
Teachingmethods教學方法
1.Talkingmethod;
2.Pairworkorgroupworktohaveadiscussion.
Teachingaids教具準備
Acomputerandaprojector.
Teachingproceduresways教學過程與方式
StepIRevision
T:Goodmorning/afternoon,boysandgirls!
Ss:Goodmorning/afternoon,Sir/Madam!
T:Doyoulikereading?
Ss:Yes.Wealllikereading!
T:Idon’tthinkso.WheneverIseeyou,youaretalkingaboutsports,music,food,clothes,pictures,starsandsoon,butseldomareyoutalkingaboutreading.
Sa:Youarepartlyright,Sir/Madam.Weseldomtalkaboutreadingjustbecausewehavedifferentinterestsindifferentkindsofliteratureworksanddifferentthemes.
Sb:Alsobecausewehavetoreadsomuchforschooleverydayandhavesolittletimetoreadwhatwelikeforpleasure.
T:Oh,I’msorryforwhatIsaidjustmow.Thatistosay,youdidyourhomeworkverywellyesterday?
Ss:Certainly!
T:AndyouhavegotasmuchknowledgeaboutAmericanliteratureasyoucan?
Ss:Yes!
T:Great!Let’shaveacompetitionbetweenboysandgirls.Thosewholiketojoininthecompetitionstandinlines,boysstandontheleft,girlsright.Ourcompetitionwillgoonlikethis:Eachofthegroupnumberswillwriteoutoneworkwithitswriter’snameontheblackboard,dothatinturnineachofyourgroupsasquicklyasyoucan.Youcanwritedifferentworksbythesamewriter,butcan’twritethesamework.OK?Anotherthing:Ifyoubothgetthesamenumberoftheworks,thegroupwithmoredifferentwriterswillbethewinner.We’llfinishitwithinthreeminutes.Areyouready?One,two,three,go!
Afewminuteslater,checktheworktogetherandcongratulateonthewinninggroup.Thenhandouttheprizespreparedforthewinnerstoencouragethem.
Possibleresult(B):blackwriter
BoyGroup
TheAdventureofTomSawyer
——MarkTwain
TheBeastintheJungle
——HenryJames
MainStreet
——SinclairLewis
NativeSon
——RichardWright(B)
TheScarletLetter
——NathanielHawthorne
TheOldManandtheSea
——ErnestHemingway
TheCalloftheWild
——JackLondon
MartinEden
——JackLondonGirlGroup
AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn
——MarkTwain
TheCantos
——EzraPound
TheGrapeofWrath
——JohnSteinbeck
InvisibleMan
——RalphEllison(B)
AFarewelltoArms
——ErnestHemingway
TheGiftoftheMagi
——O.Henry
TheLastLeaf
——O.Henry
...
Theboygroupwinsthecompetitionwithsevendifferentworksandwriters.
StepIIWarmingup
TalkaboutsomefamousAmericanwritersandtheirfamousworksappearingonthescreen.
T:Youdidagreatandexcitingjobjustnow.Well,let’slookatsomepictures.Doyouknowsomethingaboutthem?Ifyouknow,pleasetellusasmuchasyoucan.
ShowsomepicturesaboutsomefamousAmericanwriterssuchasMarkTwain,ErnestHemingway,O.Henry,NathanielHawthorne,andsoon.Atthesametime,asktheSstotrytotalkaboutthepicturesinorderthattheSscandrawasmuchinformationaboutAmericanliteratureaspossible.
ShowthepictureofNathanielHawthorneandhisfamousworkTheScarletLetteronthescreen.
T:Who’she?Andhaveyoureadthenovel?
Sa:HeisNathanielHawthorne.Iknowalittleabouthim.HawthorneisanovelistandshortstorywriterandTheScarletLetterisoneofhismostsuccessfulworks.ButIhaven’treadthenovel.
T:Good.Doyouknowsomeotherbest-knownworkswrittenbyHawthorne？
Sb:Letmetry.TheHouseoftheSevenGables,TwiceToldTalesandTheArtistoftheBeautiful.
T:Verygood!Let’sseesomethingabouthim.
Showthebriefintroductiononthescreenandasksomeonetoreaditaloud.

NathanielHawthorne
BorninSalem,Massachusetts.Novelistandshortstorywriter,acentralfigureintheAmericanRenaissance.NathanielHawthorne’sbest-knownworksincludeTheScarletLetter(1850)andTheHouseoftheSevenGables(1851).
T:WehavelearnedsomethingaboutNathanielHawthorne.Nowlookatthis!Haveyoureadthestory?Anddoyouknowsomethingaboutitswriter?
ShowthepicturesofHarrietBeecherStoweandherfamousworkUncleTom’scabinonthescreen.
Sc:Yes!Manyofushavereadthestory.Itisanantislaverynovelwrittenin1852byHarrietBeecherStowe.Thestorywasaboutafaithfulblackslavewaskilledbyacruelwhiteenslaverandmadepeopleknowhowcrueltheslaverywas.Itarousedthepeople’ssympathies.
T:Great!Now,let’slearnsomethingmoreaboutHarrietBeecherStowe.
Showthebriefintroductiononthescreenandasksomeonetoreaditaloud.
HarrietBeecherStowe
BornintheUSA.in1811.HerbookUncleTom’scabinnotonlymadeherfamousbutalsoshooktheworldandwashelpfulincausingtheAmericanCivilWar.TherewastimewheneveryEnglish-speakingpersonhadreadthenovelthatdidsomuchtostopslavery.PresidentLincolngreetedherasthe“l(fā)ittlewomanwhowrotethebookthatmadethisGreatWar.”
T:Haveyoureadthesepoems?
Showthepoetryanthologyonthescreen.
Ss:No.Heardaboutitbuthaven’treadit./Yes.Thepoemsintheanthologyarewonderful...
T:Yes.ThatisawonderfulpoetryanthologywrittenbyagreatpoetWaltWhitman.In1855Whitmanpublishedavolumeof12poemsathisownexpense,LeavesofGrass,whichhehadbegunworkingonprobablyasearlyas1847.Itwascriticizedbecauseofitsinnovationinverseform,thatis,theuseoffreeverseinlongrhythmicallineswithanatural,“organic”structure.
Whileintroducingthewriterandhispoems,showtheportraitofWaltWhitmanandthebookandthelogcabinwheretheworkwasbornonthescreen.

T:Nowlet’sappreciatetheversesfromoneofhispoems.
Showtheversesonthescreen.
OCaptain!myCaptain!ourfearfultripisdone;Theshiphasweather’deveryrack,theprizewesoughtiswon.
——OCaptain!MyCaptain!
WaltWhitman
T:Canyoutastethedeepmeaning?
Ss:Sorry...
T:HereWaltWhitmancomparesAmericatotheship,Lincolntothecaptain.Theship“hasweather’deveryrack”,whiletheirgreatcaptainlaydownforever.
Ss:...(TheSswillfeelverysorrywhenhearingthis.)
T:Yes.Thatiswhatgoodliteratureworksbringus.Look,Youmusthavereadthisbook.
ShowthebookTheAdventureofTomSawyeronthescreen.
Ss:Yes!Almosteveryonehasreadthebook.That’sveryinterestingandexcitingandmeaningful!
T:Whowroteit?
Ss:MarkTwain!!
ShowthepictureofMarkTwain.
T:MarkTwainishispenname.Doyouknowhisrealname?
Ss:SamuelLanghorneClemens.
T:That’sright.Canyoucountmoreofhisworks?
Sd:Certainly!BesidesTheAdventureofTomSawyer,hewrotemanyinterestingandhumorousstoriessuchasAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,TheMysteriousStranger,LifeontheMississippi,TheGildedAgeandsonon.
Se:Alongwithessays,criticalworks,andmore.
T:Verygood!HereonthescreenaresomemoreinformationaboutMarkTwain.Pleasegothroughitbyyourselves.
AboutMarkTwain:
MarkTwain,pennameofSamuelLanghorneClemens,wasagreatliterarygiantofAmerica,whowasconsidered“thetruefatherofournationalliterature”.
ThetypicalthemeinClemens’writingwasthenarrationofastorybyayoungornativeperson.Whenhewroteaboutyouth,theyouthwasusuallywisebeyondhisyearsbutremainedanidealismwhichClementscomparedwiththeinsincerityandcrueltyoftheadultworld.
T:Tillnow,we’velearnedaboutmanyfamouswritersofAmericaandtheirworks,buthaveyoureadthiswork?PointingtothepoemonPage82.
Ss:No,wehaven’t.
T:Nowpleasereaditcarefullytwiceorthreetimes,thengothoughthequestionsgivenbelowandhaveadiscussioningroupsoffour.Afewminuteslater,I’llcheckyourjobs.
IfthereisenoughtimeorthestudentshaveenoughknowledgeabouttheAmericanliteratureandwriters,theteachercanhavetheSstalkmoreaboutthem.
Afewminuteslater.
T:Areyouready?
Ss:Yes!
T:Everyoneknowsthatthetextyou’vejustreadisapoem,yes?
Ss:Yes!That’sveryclear.
T:Canyouguesswhowrotethepoem?Imean,wasitwrittenbyawhitepoetorablackone?
Sf:Ithinkitwaswrittenbyablackpoet.
T:Butwhydoyouthinkso?
Sg:Becauseit’stalkingaboutlowestworkingpeopleallthewayandgivesthemandtheirworkhighgloryandshowstherespecttotheirancestors.
Sh:Ithinkso.Although“theblack”isn’tmentionedasingletimeinthepoem,stillIcanfeelitwaswrittenbyablackpoetthroughthesensibilitiesandthelanguages.Itdescribesthehardworkoftheirancestorsaswellastheirpoorlivingconditions.Whooncelivedamiserablelifelikepigs?Slaves!Whooncewereforcedtobeslaves?Blackpeople!
Si:Yes.Andwhomadetheblackpeople,bornfreeones,slaves?TheearlywhitesettlersinAmerica!SoIcanjudgeitmustbeAmericanliterature,andcouldn’tbewrittenbyanypoetfromanothercountry.AlsoIcanreadouttheblackpeople’saspirationforfreedomandequality.
T:Good!Wonderfuldeducing!Andwhatdeepthoughtcanwegetfromthepoem?
Sj:Ithinkthepoemisaboutaccusingofslaveryandtheunfairnessofthesociety.Itshowsusaspiritoffreedomandtellsusthatpeopleareborntobeequalandnobodyisnoblerorlower.
T:Verygoodanswers,andyouallhavedeepthinkingaboutthepurposeofthewriter.
Sk:JustnowSisaiditmustbeAmericanliterature,Iagreewithit.Fromthehistoryandthesubstanceofthepoemwecanknowthis.AmericausedtobeacolonyofEngland.SlaveryexistedinAmericaforalongtime.Slavesweretreatedcruellyasdraughtanimals.AsAmericahadnotaperiodoffeudal,Americansdidn’tbelieveinKingsandQueens.AftertheIndependentWarandtheCivilWar,Americamarchedontofreedom.Atthattime,slaveryhadbeenabolishedbutthethinkingofslaveryandracialdiscriminationstillrootedinthemindsofAmericans.Thewriterwantedtobreakthewallbetweenpeople,callforequalityandblackpeople’sself-respectandconfidence.Sohewrotethispoem.
T:Great!You’veanalyzedthehistoryoriginandmadetheanswerreasonable.Andthen,whocantellussomethingaboutthewriter,whosenamewasmarkedbelowthepoem?
Sl:Iknowsomethingabouthim.DudleyRandallwasborninWashington,D.C.in1914.HeworkedduringtheDepressioninthefoundryoftheFordMotorCompanyinDearborn,Michigan,andthenasacarrierandclerkfortheU.S.PostOfficeinDetroit.HeservedintheU.S.ArmySignalCorps,andgraduatedfromWayneStateUniversityandtheUniversityofMichigan.
Sm:Hewasalibrarianatseveraluniversities,andfoundedtheBroadsidePressin1965“soblackpeoplecouldspeaktoandfortheirpeople”.
T:Verygood.Andwhatabouthisideatotheblackpoets?
Sn:RandalltoldNegroDigest,“Precisionandaccuracyarenecessaryforbothwhiteandblackwriters...‘Ablackaesthetic’shouldnotbeanexcuseforsloppywriting.”HeurgedAfricanAmericanwriterstorejectwhatwasfalsein“white”poetry,butnottoforsakeuniversalconcernsinfavorofaracialagenda.
T:Wonderfulandclear!Whocantellsomethingabouthisachievements?
So:Letmetry.HisworksincludeOnGettingaNaturalandALitanyofFriends;NewandSelectedPoems.HeeditedTheBlackPoets,anextensiveanthologyofpoetry,fromslavesongstothepresent.
T:Excellentjobsyou’vedone!
ShowthepicturesofDudleyRandallandoneofhisworks.
T:WhenlookingbackthehistoryandlifeintheUnitedStates,whatspecialthemesandwhatsortofstorieswouldyouexpectforAmericanliterature?Iwanttoknowyourideas.
Sp:Iwanttoreportmyidea.AmericausedtobeacolonyofEnglandandslaveryexistedforalongtime.FreedomcametrueaftertheIndependentWarandtheCivilWar.Therewerealotofstoriesaboutloveandcourageinwars.SothefightsaboutAmericanespeciallyblackpeoplewhofoughtforfreedomandequalrightsmustbeveryexciting.
Sq:I’vereadthestoryAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnwrittenbyMarkTwain,whichisaboutawhiteboyandablackslaverunningawayfromtheirterribleplacestogethertohavetheiradventuretravel.Thestoryisveryinterestingandexciting.
Sr:Iexpectforthemesaboutwars.Thefuriouswarcanshowusthestrongforcetotheslaveryandbringuscourageandpower.Certainly,thisthemecanmakeusfeelexcitedandthrilling.
St:Thethemesaboutthecommonpeople’slifeofAmericawillbeattractions,fromwhichwecanknowmoreaboutthereallifeofpeopleinlowerclass.Thiskindofthemesisoftenrealisticandmovingwithkindandhard-workingcharactersinthem.Wecanlearnmorefromthemandgetedificationinheart.
T:Good!AndyouhavesomuchwonderfulthoughtthatIalmostwanttoreadallofthethemesoftheAmericanliteratureworks.HowcouldIdoandwhichoneshouldIchoose?
TheSswillhaveavarietyofideasaboutthethemesofAmericanliterature.Dealwiththesituationabouttheirdiscussionandletthemreportfreelydependingontimeandthecase.Collecttheideasabouttheirinterestingthemesbymakingaformforthestudentstofillin.
Possiblelist
ThemesWorksWriter
AntislaveryandCivilWarUncleTom’scabin
TheSlaveHarrietBeecherStoweRichardHildreth
NativeAmericanTheAdventureofTomSawyer
LifeontheMississippiMarkTwain
WesternPioneersShaneJackSchaefer
NeuterLeavesofGrassWaltWhitman
CommonlifeTheGiftoftheMagiO.Henry
………
StepIIISpeaking
T:Fromwhatyoudidjustnow,Ibelieveyou’veknownmuchabouttheAmericanliterature.Youknowthemajorthemesintheliteratureofacountryreflectimportanteventsorperiodsinthehistoryofthecountry.TherearefourpictureshereaboutAmericanliterature.LookatthemanduseyourhistoryknowledgeabouttheUSA.Workinpairsanddiscusswhatkindofstoriesyou’dliketoread,usingtheusefulexpressionsonPage84.Afewminutes1ater,I’llasksomeofyoutopresentyourideasintheformofdialoguestotheclass.OK?
Ss:Yes!
Thestudentsstarttohaveadiscussioninpairs,whiletheteachergoesamongthemtoseeiftheyhaveanyquestionsanddirectsthestudents’activities.
Afewminuteslater.
T:Areyouready?
Ss:Yes.
T:Whowantstobevolunteer?
Ss:(Thefirstpair)Letushaveatry.
PossibleDialogues
Picture1
A:DoyouknowwhowasthenativeofAmericabeforeEuropeancame?
B:Ithink,it’sIndian,AmericanIndian.Therearealotofstoriesaboutthem,andsomeareveryinteresting,especiallysomeabouttherelationshipbetweenIndiansandwhitepersons.
A:Really?Ifeeltheurgeinmyhearttoknowsomethingaboutthem.Doyouknowanyfamousnovelsaboutthem?
B:Sorry,butIhaveseenafilmnamed“Dancingwiththewolves”,it’sastoryaboutacaptain,anEnglishwhiteman,whowenttothewestpartofAmerica,whenalotofpeoplehadgonethereandIndianswerediscriminatedandkilledbywhitepersons.HemadefriendswithagroupofIndiansandhelpedthemnotbehurtbywhitepeople.It’saverysadstory.
A:Theremustbeanexcitingplot!Iwon’tmissit.
B:Ihopeyoucanenjoyit.
Picture2
A:IlikecowboyverymuchandIevendreamthatIcangotoAmericaandbeacowboyoneday.
B:Well,itisreallyawonderfuldream.ButhowmuchdoyoulearnaboutthelifeofcowboyinAmerica?
A:Verylittle,thatiswhatIwanttoknow.
B:IthinkIcantellyousomethingaboutit.Whenthepopulationofsettlersbecamelargerandlagerinthe1800s,manypeoplewenttothewestland.Theywereattractedbythelowpriceofthelandandthechancetoearnmoney.Atthattime,cowsweremorethanpeople,socowboyswereneeded.Torunafterthecows,cowboysrodehorsesandworeleatherboots.Theycreatedtheirspecialsongs,stories,lifestylesandspecialcharacters.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthem,youcanreadsomebooks,forexample,LifeontheBackofHorseandTheNotoriousJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty.
A:Thankyouverymuch.Iwillgotothelibrary.
Picture3
A:Youhavebeentothelibrary,haven’tyou?
B:Yes,I’vejustborrowedsomeinterestingbooks.
A:Well,letmesee.Er…YouseemtolikeMarkTwain.
B:Notverymuch,butIreallylikehisnovelAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,hiswell-knownbook.
A:Itsoundsinteresting.Whatisitabout?
B:ThestoryhappenedduringAmericanCivilWar.Acleverandkind-heartedboynamedHuckleberryFinnhelpedhisfriend,aslave,escapefromhisowner’sgarden.TheytraveledalongtheMississippi,andfinallytheygottothenorthpartofAmerica.Duringtheirincredibletrip,theybuiltafriendship.Astheslavegotfreedom,thestorygotahappyending.Thestoryshowsussomefactsofthewarandtellsusthattheslavesshouldbetreatedfair.
A:Itisreallyinteresting.IhopeIcanreadthisbookwhenyoufinishreadingit.
B:Noproblem!
Picture4
A:DoyouknowsomethingabouttheGreatDepressionat1933-1937?
B:It’saterribleeventforthewholeworld.Noonecanforgetit.Millionsofbusinesseswentbankrupt,millionsofpeoplelosttheirjobs,andmillionsofpeoplecouldnotsupporttheirchildren’sfood.ItwasalsoonereasonoftheWorldWarII.Ifyouwanttoknowit,youcanreadthebook“LiveofRoosevelt”.Itdescribesthisevent.
A:No,Idon’twanttoreadthiskindofbooks.Iwantsomestoriesatthattime,justforpleasure.Itneedsinterestingcharacters,excitingplotsandsoon,youknow?
B:Oh,wouldyouliketoreadnovels?You’vefoundtherightperson!YoucanreadsomestorieswrittenbyFrancisScottFitzgeraldsuchasTheGreatGatsby,TenderIsTheNightandTheLastTycoon.HisworkslayoutthebleakvisageinspiritinAmericanupperclassduringtheGreatDepression.IalsoadviseyoutoseesomefilmsofChaplin,hisfilmsreflectthelowest-classlifeatthattimeandtheyareveryinterestingandcangiveyoualotofadvicetofightwithterror.
T:Verygoodandwonderfuljob!Thankyouandsitdown,please!
StepIVTalking(WorkbookonPage218)
Letthestudentsworkingroupsoffour.ChooseoneofthegroupsoftheauthorsandhavethediscussionaboutwhysuchbooksarepopularornotpopularinChina.WhiletheSsdotheirgroupwork,goamongthemtoseeiftheyhaveanyquestionsanddirectthem.Afewminuteslater.
T:Wouldyouliketomaketheclassknowtheoutcomeofyourdiscussion?
Ss:Yes!
T:Who’dliketobethefirst?
Ss:(Thefirstgroup)We’lltryfirst.We’dliketotalkaboutEdgarSnow.
A:EdgarSnowwasanAmericanjournalistreportingonChina,andwasfamousforhisbookRedStarOverChina.I’vereadit.It’sveryauthenticandmoving.
B:Whatisthebookabout?Iheardaboutitbuthaven’treadit.IsitpopularinChina?
C:Yesit’sverypopular.In1936,hestartedhistravelfromBeijingandatlasthegottotheRedAreasofChina.ThereheinterviewedMaoZedongandrecordedfactuallyeverydaylifeoftherevolutionistsofChina.
D:InNovemberof1936,hewentbacktoBeijingandwrotedownwhathesawandheard.Atlast,hecollectedallhisreportsinthebookRedStarOverChina.
A:ThereisanotherreasonwhyitispopularinChina.Itisthefirstbookwrittenbyawesterner,inwhichtheRedAreasandthepeopletherearereportedfactually.
C:EdgarSnowwasanhonestperson.Healwayssoughttruefactsinbothhisbooksandlife.AndheisagoodfriendofChinesepeople.
B:Isee!Thepopularityofhisbookisbasedonhisnoblecharacter.Imustreadhisbookcarefully.
T:Verygood!Itseemsthatmostofyouhavereadthebook.It’sreallypopularinourcountry.
Ss:(Thesecondgroup)We’lltalkaboutIsraelEpstein.
A:I’mreadingthebookWomaninWorldHistory:LifeandTimesofSoongChingLingwrittenbyIsraelEpstein.
B:Oh,Ihaveheardofhim.HewasborninPolandandbecameaChinesecitizenin1957.
C:ButIheardhedied4daysago!
D:Yes.HehadbeenlivingandworkinginChinaformorethan70years.HewrotebooksaboutChinesehistory,China’srevolutionandconstruction.
C:IheardthathewasapersonalfriendofSoongChingLingandthebookyouarereadingisabiographyhewroteforher.
D:HelovedChinaandChinesepeopleverymuch,sothebookshewroteareverypopularinChina
T:Wonderfuljob!Doyouhaveanydifferentideas?
Ss:(Thethirdgroup)WehavesomeviewsaboutPearlSBuck.
A:TheGoodEarthisaboutChinesepeasants’lifeinthe1930swrittenbyPearlSBuck,whogainedNobelPrizeofliteratureforthisbook.
B:Ihavereadthisbook,itdescribesChinesepeasants’lifefactuallyanddeeply.Whenitwaspublishedin1931,itsoonbecamebestsellerinAmericaandwastranslatedintomanylanguages.
C:She’sawesternwomanwriterwithdisputation.InChina,someonelikesherworkwhilesomeonenotbecausethedescriptionaboutChinesepeasants’lifeisthethoughttohavesuspicionofsmear.
D:Yes.In1935,whenthebookwaspublished,itcausedagreatuproarintheworld.Whetherornot,ithasbeentranslatedintomanylanguagesandiswidespreadinwesterncountries.ItcontributedalottothepositiveimagethatWesternershaveaboutChinesepeople.
T:Youreallyhavedeepthoughtabouttheauthor.That’svaluable.Anyoneelse?
Ss:(Thegroupfour)WewanttosaysomethingaboutLinYutang,who’stheonlyChineseamongtheauthorsgiven.
A:DoyouknowaboutLinYutang?
B:Certainly!HewasafamouswriterandlearnerintheearlytwentiethcenturyinChina.HeoncetaughtinQinghuaUniversityandthenwenttostudyinAmericaandGermany.Inthe1920shecamebacktoteachinBeijingUniversityandhewasasupporterofthepatrioticstudentmovement.
C:LinYutangwrotealotofarticlesandbooksandcreatedmanykindsofmagazines.Hewrotemorethan30booksinEnglish,ofwhichMyCountryandMyPeoplewasthemostpopular.
A:Whatisitabout?
D:Itdescribestemperament,heart,dream,life,honesty,societyandcultureofChineseandcontraststhemwiththoseofwesterners.HewasaChinesewriterwithagreatinfluenceonwesternunderstandingoftheChinese.
A:Butwhydon’tIknowthese?PerhapsIreadlessthanyoudid?Orheseemsnottobesopopular?
T:That’sverygood!
Asksomemoregroupsofthestudentstoactouttheirdialogues.Theremaybeavarietyofpossibleideastocomeupwith.
StepVHomework
T:Youhavedoneverywellintheclass.That’sallforthisperiod.Homeworkfortoday:
FindoutsomegoodEnglishlittlepoemstoreadaloud,youcandothatwithmusic.Andifpossible,youcanmakesomeslidesonPowerPointtoshowyourpoemstotheclasswhileyouarereadingaloud.Preparefortheworkcarefullyandyou’llgetalotoffunwithit.Goodbye,everyone!
Ss:Goodbye,sir/madam.

精選閱讀

Unit10Americanliterature(綜合教案)

一位優(yōu)秀的教師不打無準備之仗，會提前做好準備，作為高中教師準備好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以讓講的知識能夠輕松被學生吸收，幫助高中教師營造一個良好的教學氛圍。怎么才能讓高中教案寫的更加全面呢？下面的內容是小編為大家整理的Unit10Americanliterature(綜合教案)，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。

Period1

一．Previewingwork
（1）Spelling
軼聞簡化碎布哭小冊子
結果蒼白的破舊的稀有的雜貨店
（2）Word-transformation
approve(n)pray(n.)simple(v.)
react(n.)comeout(n.)cutone’shair(n.)

二．Teachingprocedures

1.furnishvt.toequipwithwhatisneeded
Theroomwasthesimplestnecessities,abed,achairandatable.
房間里只布置了最簡單的必需品，一張床，一把椅子和一張桌子。
Theroomwascompletely.
房間里有舒適的家具。
2.simplifyvt.tomakesimpleorsimpler使簡化，是易做，簡化
TheEnglishinthisstoryhasbeentomakeiteasiertounderstand.
這個故事里的英語被簡化了，可更容易理解。
Canyouthelanguagealittle?你能把這語言簡化一點嗎？
3.shabbyadj.showingsignsofwearandtear;threadbareorwornout
ashabbyoldhat破舊的帽子/ashabbyoldman一位衣衫襤褸的老人
多卑劣的惡作??！把車開走了讓我走路回家。
Whatatrick,drivingmeoffandleavingmetowalkhome!
4.attendto(1).totakecare;giveattention
wewillthatproblemlater.稍后我們將關注那個問題。
Ihaveanurgentmatterto.我有一個緊急的事要處理。
(2).totakecareof
你最好照顧一下那又瘦又黑的女孩；我想她快要暈倒了。
You’dbetterthatthindarkgirl;Ithinksheisgoingtofaint.
Areyoubeing?是否有人接待你？
5.rareadj.1.infrequentlyoccurring;uncommon
Thisplantisinthisregion.這種植物在本地區(qū)是很少見的。
Thatbirdisveryinthecountry.這種鳥在這國家很稀有。
2.cookedashorttimetoretainjuiceandredness
我們有三道菜：湯，鮮嫩的牛排，蔬菜還有水果。
Wehadthreecourses;soup,asteakandvegetablesandfruit.
6.cascaden.awaterfallsomethingthoughttoresembleawaterfallorseriesofsmallwaterfalls
她長長的卷發(fā)象瀑布一樣披在肩上。
Herlonghairfelloverhershouldersinaofcurls.
攀緣植物長著鮮艷的花朵，垂掛在花園的墻上。
Climbingplantswiththeirbrightflowershungoverplantsonthegardenwall.
Vt.tofallorcausetofallinorasifinacascade
下雨時，大量雨水沿著窗戶流下。
Whenitrained,waterwouldthewindow.
7.doup(1).tofastenyourcoatandhurry.把衣服扣好，快！
Thisdressattheback.這衣服在背后扣扣子。
(2).torepair;improveLet’stheroomfirst.讓我們先把房子整理一下。
(3).towrapandtieHewasaparcel.他正在捆包。
8.wornadj.(1).affectedordamagedbywearoruse
他決定把穿壞的鞋丟掉，再買一雙新的。
Hedecidedtothrowtheshoesawayandbuyanewpair.
Theseshoesarelookingrather.這雙鞋不成樣子了。
(2).showingthewearingeffectsofoverwork,care,worryorsuffering
Shecameback.她回來時既疲憊又憂慮。
我看到他那張年輕英俊的臉上顯出憔悴的臉色，令我十分地吃驚。
Iwasshockedtoseethelookofhishandsomeyoungface.
9.fixvt.(1).todirectsteadilyshetheroadahead.她盯著前面的路。
(2).toplacesecurely;makestableorfirm
Campersthetentpolesintheground.露營者把帳篷的柱子固定在地上。
(3).tocaptureorholdThemanwiththelongbear.
那個長長胡須的人引了我們的注意力。
(4).toagreeon;arrangeLater,weatimetomeetnexttime.
后來，我們安排了下一次的會面時間。
10.approvev.(1)toconsiderrightorgood;thinkorspeakfavorablyof
Myparentsdon’tofmesmokingcigarettes.
我的父母不準許我吸煙。
Idon’tofwastingtimearguingwithyouanymore.
我不贊成浪費時間和你再爭執(zhí)了。
(2).toconsentorconfirm
Theresolutionwas這個決議通過了。

Post-teachingwork:

一．Spelling
結果蒼白的破舊的稀有的雜貨店

二．word-formation
approve(n)pray(n.)simple(v.)

三．Fillintheblankswithproperwords.
1.SonowDella’slong,beautifulhairfellabouthershoulderslikeaofbrownwaters.
2.Dellahesitatedforaminuteandstoodstillwhileatearortwofellontheredcarpet.
3.Myparentsdon’tofmesmokingcigarettes.
4.TheEnglishinthisstoryhasbeentomakeiteasiertounderstand.
5.Thatbirdisveryinthecountry.

Period2ASacrificeforLove

Teachingaims:
1.trytogetagoodunderstandingofthetext
2.improvetheabilitytoreadfastandpursuethedesignatedinformationinthepassage
3.trytoretelltheclassicalstoryoutintheirownwords
Teachingprocedures:
Step1.Pre-reading
GetaknowledgeofOHenrybeforewereallystarttocometohisworks.(P87)
Step2.Fast–reading
Askallofthestudentstoreadaloudthepassageandfinishthefollowingquestions.
TrueorFalse
1.ThepreviousdramabyCharlesDickensandthestorybyOHenryhappenedalmostthesameperiod.()
2.Inthehallbelowwasamailboxintowhichsomeletterswouldgo.()
3.GoldwatchandDella’shairweretwopossessionsthecoupletookpridein.()
4.Dellasatinfrontofthemirror,lostinthought.()
5.Dellasoldherhairatthepriceoftwentydollars.()
6.JamesDillinghamYoungwasarichyoungman.()
7.Dellalivedinaneighorhoodwithmanytreesandflowers.()
8.JimandDellawereamarriedcouple.()
9.DellathoughthavingahaircutwillmakeJimhappy.()
10.DelladeccidedtohaveherhaircutoutofloveforJim.()
Questions(carefulreading):
1.WhydidDellacryaftercountingthemoneyshehadbeensaving?
2.WhydidtearsfallfromhereyeswhileDellawasstandinginfrontofthemirror?
3.WhatfinallydidDellabuyJimapresentforChristmas?
Fillintheblanks.
DellaistheyoungofJim.Theyhavebeenforafewyears,andtheyloveeachotherverymuch.Theyarepoor.EverydayDellaatthemarketandintheshopstosavemoney.Della’slifeisvery,andtheyhaven’tmuchfun.Theonlythingthatgivesherprideandhappinessisherlong,brownhair.Togiveherhusbandawondefulpresentfor,shedecidestosellhermostpreciouspossession,herlong,brownhair.
Tellthestudentstoreporttheanswersandthenrecitetheshortpassageinclass.
Step3.Homework
1.continuetorecitetheshortpassage.
2.previewthenextlesson---Underlinesomeusefulphrasesbeforehand.

Period3ASacrificeForLove
TeachingAims:
1.usefulphrasesandexpressionsinthepassage
2.theusagesofsomephrasesandexpressions
3.retellingofthisstory
Step1.Revision
Retellingofthestory.
Step2.languagepoints
一．Phrases:
1.attendto照料，照應WillyoupleasetheshopforafewminuteswhileIgotothebank?
鉆心于，致力于Let’sourworkinsteadoftalking.
仔細聽me,children.Ishallnotrepeattheseinstructions.
2.….andshehadonly1.87dollarswithwhichtobuyJimapresent…
Youhaveanumberoftopicstochoose.
Itwasabadseasontohaveoutings.
3.gofar維持的時間長Fivehundredyuanamonthdoesnotgofar.Oftenhecannotmakeendsmeet.
4.beworthyof/beworthdoingbeworthyof+n.
beworthyofbeingdone
beworthytobedone
Thenovelis.
Thesuggestion.
5.pulldownHeoverhiseyessothatnobodyshould8recognizehim.
Theoldhousewastomakeroomforanewone.
pullup拔起，豎起，使停下
6.doup梳理頭發(fā)Herhairwasinaveryfunnyway.
捆扎Thepresentswereallinredpaper.
扣好衣服You’vethewrongway.
7.hesitate猶豫，躊躇Hewhattodonext.
Hethechoicebetweenthetwodresses.
Hetakesuchabigrisk.
8.turnsthinsideout找遍
9.lookatherselfinthemirror對著鏡子看
10.takeasecondlookatsb再看一眼
二．Sentences.
1.Threetimesshecounted.
2.Manyhappyhourshadshespent,planningforsomethingniceforhim.（倒裝）
Muchwouldshesaywhenherhusbandsetoff.
Ahorriblemessyouhavemadeofit.
Step3ReadingaloudReadaloudthesephrases.

Period4.IntegratingSkills
Teachingaims:
1.getthegeneralideaofthestorytobecontinued
2.usefulphrasesandexpressions
Step1.Revision
Haveabriefrevisionofalltenses.
Step2.Reading
Tellthestudentstoanswerthefollowingquestions.
Post-reading:
1.HowdidDellaexpectJimtoreactwhenhesawher?
2.pleasedescribeJim’sfeelingsthemomenthesawDella.
3.WhydidDellaburstintotearswhensheopenedthepackage?
Summary
JimalsolovesDellaverymuchandwantstosurpriseherwithabeautifulgift.Heknowsthatshewouldbehappyifhewouldbuythebeautifultortoiseshellcombswhichshelongsfor.ButJimdoesn’thaveanymoney,either.So,inordertobuyDellathepresent,hedecidestosellhismostpreciouspossession,hisgoldwatch.BothJimandDellaloveeachothersomuchthattheysacrificethepossessiontheylovemosttobuyapresentforeachother.Thestoryends,ofcourse,withagreatdisappointmentforbothofthem.DellahasboughtawatchchainforJim’swatch,butJimhassoldhiswatchtobuyherapresent.AndJimhasboughtDellathecombsshewantedtoputinherlonghair,butshenolongerhasthathair.
Tellthestudentstoreadaloudthesummaryandaskthemtorecite.
Languagepoints:
1.burdenburdensbwithsth.使……負起重擔
Peopleinthatcountryareburdenedwithheavytaxation.
Idon’twanttobeaburdentoyou.
3.befixedonsb/sth=fixone’seyeson/uponsb
Thousandsofeyeswerefixedonhim.
4.read=understand
readanexpression/athought/instructions/ariddle
Ifyoucanreadthisriddle,Iwillgiveyouapresent.
5.not…nor….
Iwillnotdoit,considerit.
Thejobcannotbedonebyyou,norbyme,norbyanyoneelse.
6.bepreparedfor
7.livethrough活下Thedoctorsaidhehadlittlechancetolivethroughthenight
經(jīng)歷Shewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.
8.breakoutintearsandcries淚流滿面地哭泣
9.withjewelsontheedges鑲著珠寶
10.hugsbtoone’sbreast緊緊地抱在懷里11.atlength
12.Thedullpreciousmetalseemedtoflash,asifreflectingherbrightspirit.
Step3.HomeworkAskthestudentstoreciteallthephrases.

Unit10　Americanliterature?

一名優(yōu)秀的教師在每次教學前有自己的事先計劃，作為教師就要在上課前做好適合自己的教案。教案可以讓學生更好的吸收課堂上所講的知識點，幫助教師提高自己的教學質量。寫好一份優(yōu)質的教案要怎么做呢？以下是小編為大家收集的“Unit10　Americanliterature?”希望對您的工作和生活有所幫助。

Unit10　Americanliterature?
Ⅰ.BriefStatementsBasedontheUnit?
Mostofushaveheardofsomeworld-famouswriterssuchasMarkTwain,JackLondon,ErnestHemingway.Someoftheirworksarewell-knownintheworld.ThetopicofthisunitisaboutAmericanliterature.Warmingupgetsstudentstoknowwhatapoemdescribesandwhatitmeans.Inspeaking,studentsareaskedtotalkaboutsomeAmericanwritersandtheirworksPre-readingandPost-readinggetstudentstopractisehowtopredictastoryandhowtodescribeastory.ReadingtellsusalovestorywrittenbyAmericanwriterO.Henry.Asforintegratingskills,teachershouldnotonlytrainthestudents’readingability,butalsohelpthemlearntowriteabookreview.?
IntheaspectofLanguageStudy,teachertrainsStudents’abilitytousesomekeywordsandphrases.Teacheralsohelpsstudentstoreviewalltheverbtenses.Listeninghelpsstudentslearntograspthedetailedinformationoftheclubactivitiesthatsomestudentsorganise.?
Ⅱ.TeachingGoals?
1.TalkaboutAmericanliterature.?
2.Practisepredictinganddescribingwhatastorymightbeabout.?
3.Reviewalltheverbtenses.?
4.Writeabookreview.?
Ⅲ.BackgroundInformation?
1.AlexHaley?
AlexHaleywasborninthenortheastofNewYorkin1921,buthespentmostofhisearlylifewithhismother’sfamilyinsouthernTennessee.Hisgrandmothertoldhimstoriesabouttheirfamily.Theirhistory,shesaid,beganwithToby.HewasaslavefromAfricaandhisnamewasKunta.?
AlexHaleywenttoschoolandthentocollege.In1939,hejoinedtheUScoastguard.AshewasaBlack,hisjobwastowaitontablesandwasheddishes.Inhissparetime,helearnedtowritestories.Heservedinthecoastguardfor20years.Afterheretiredheputallhistimeintowriting.?
AlexHaleyrememberedthestorieshisgrandmotherhadtoldhim.Hebegantostudyhisfamilystory:Afteralotofresearch,HaleydecidedthatTobyprobablywasKuntaKintefortheWestAfricanMandingopeople.KuntaKintewascaughtnearthevillageofJuffureontheGambiaRiver.HewassoldasaslaveinAnnapolis,Marylandin1707.ThenHaleymadeatriptoGambiaandtalkedwithahistoryexpertinJuffure.TheAfricahistorianmadehisconclusionstronger.?
AlexHaleywantedtotellexperiencesoftheBlackpeoplein18th-and-19thcenturyAmerica.Hespent10yearsresearchingandwritinghisfamilystoryforthebookRoots.Itwaspublishedin1976.Itwasaspecial“PulitzerPrize”.Afewyearslater,afilmseriesbasedonHaley’sbookwasshownonAmericantelevision.?
2.MarkTwain?
SamuelLanghorneClemens(pennameMarkTwain)wasbornonNovember30,1835inFlorida,Missouri.Twainisconsideredthegreatesthumoristofthe19thcenturyAmericanliterature.HisnovelsandstoriesabouttheMississippiRiver:TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(《湯姆索亞歷險記》)（1876）andTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(《哈克貝利費恩歷險記》)(1894)arestillpopularwithmodernreaders.?
In1839theClemensfamilymovedtoHannibal,Missouri,ontheMississippiRiverwhereyoungSamexperiencedtheexcitementandcolorfulsightsofthewaterfront.Likemanyauthorsofhisdayhehadlittleformaleducation.Hiseducationcamefromtheprintshopsandnewspaperofficeswhereheworkedasayouth.In1853ClemensleftHannibalwithayearning(渴望)totravel.OnatriptoNewOrleanshepersuadedariverboatpilottoteachhimhisskill.Bythespringof1859Clemenswasalicensedriverboatpilot.?
AttheoutbreakoftheAmericanCivilWar(1861)ClemenschosenottogetinvolvedandmovedtoCarsonCity,Nevada.AfteranunsuccessfulattemptatgoldandsilvermininghejoinedthestaffofanewspaperinVirginiaCity,Nevada.Hefirstwroteunderthepenname“MarkTwain”(meaning“twofathoms(英尋)”inriverboat-talk)in1836.“Twain”wrotehisfirstpopularstory,TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty(《卡拉維拉縣有名的跳蛙》)in1865.?
Hecontinuedtotravelasacorrespondentforvariousnewspapers,andin1869histravellettersfromEuropewerecollectedintothepopularbook,TheInnocentsAbroad（《傻子國外旅行記》）.EncouragedbyhissuccessTwainmarriedOliviaLangdonandsettleddowninHartford,Connecticuttohismostproductiveyearsasawriter.Between1873and1889hewrotesevennovelsincludinghisMississippiRiverbooksaswellasThePrinceandthePauper（《王子和貧兒》）（1882）.?
AsTwain’slifeandcareerprogressedhebecameincreasinglypessimistic(悲觀的)，losingmuchofthehumorous,cocky(趾高氣揚的)toneofhisearlieryears.Moreandmoreofhisworksexperssedthegloomy(憂傷的；沮喪的)viewthatallhumanmotives(動機)areultimatelyselfish.EvensoTwainisbestrememberedasahumoristwhousedhissharpwitandcomicexaggerationtoattackthefalseprideandself-importancehesawinhumanity.?
Ⅳ.TeachingTime:Fiveperiods?
TheFirstPeriod?
TeachingAims:?
1.Learnandmasterthefollowingwords:garbage,maid,prince,outcome?
2.Dosomelistening.?
3.DosomespeakingtotalkaboutAmericanliterature.?
TeachingImportantPoints:?
1.Improvethestudents’listeningability.?
2.Improvethestudents’speakingabilitybydiscussion,talksandsoon.?
TeachingDifficultPoints:?
1.Howtoimprovethestudents’listeningability.?
2.Howtofinishthetaskofspeaking.?
TeachingMethods:?
1.Listening-and-answeringactivtytohelpthestudentsgothroughwiththelisteningmaterial.?
2.Individualworkandgroupworktomakeeverystudentworkinclass.?
TeachingAids:?
1.ataperecorder?
2.acomputerformultimediause?
TeachingProcedures:?
StepⅠGreetings
Greetthewholeclassasusual.?
StepⅡWarmingupandLead-in
T:Doyoulikereadingstoriesandnovels??
Ss:Yes.?
T:Ithinkmostofyouarefondofliterature.IthinkyoumustbefamiliarwithChineseliterature.ButareyouinterestedinAmericanliterature?Perhapssomeofyouhaveahobbyofreadingnovelsorotherworkswrittenbyforeignwriters.Nowlet’sreadthetextwrittenbyRudleyRandall.(Bb:RudleyRandall)Afteryoureadit,I’llaskyoutoanswersomequestions.?
(Teachergivesstudentsafewminutestoreadthetext,thenteachershowsthequestionsonthescreen.)?
1.Whatkindoftextistheoneyouhavejustread??
2.Whatisitaboutandwhatdoesitmean??
3.Canyoutellsomethingaboutthewriter??
4.WhydoesthishavetobeAmericanliterature?Coulditbewrittenbyapoetfromanothercountry??
5.ThinkaboutthehistoryandlifeintheUnitedStates.WhatspecialthemesandsortofstorieswouldyouexpectforAmericanliterature??
T:Who’dliketoanswerthefirstquestion??
S1:Ithinkit’sapoem.?
T:Quiteright.Nowthesecondone,please.?
S2:It’saboutAmericanblacks,Ithink.Inthepoem,theauthorexpresseshisdeepfeelingsforhisancestor,thoughheisaslave.Thepoemremindsusnottoforgetwherewecomefrom.?
T:Youranswersoundsreasonable.Whoisthevolunteertoanswerthethirdquestion??
S3:I’velearntsomethingabouthim.HewasanAmericanpoet.HewasborninWashingtonD.C.in1914.HewasthefounderandchiefeditorofapublishinghouseinDetroit.HewasthemajorpublisherforthepoetryofAmericanblacks.TheBurningCitywasoneofhispoetryselections.(Bb:TheBurningCity)?
T:Verygood.Nowthefourthquestion.Who’dliketoanswerit??
S4:Thepoemtalksabout“Slavetraders”.ThathassomethingtodowithAmericanBlacks.Asweknow,AmericanblacksaremostlyslavestakenfromAfricabyslavetraders.Inthetext,theauthorisinpraiseoftheirancestors,whowereslaves.Fromthecontentofthetext,wecanguessitmustbeAmericanliteratureanditcan’tbewrittenbyapoetfromanothercountry.?
T:Youdidverywell.Nowhowaboutthelastquestion??
S5:WeallknowthatAmericaisacountrywhichcontainspeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.SoAmericanliteraturehasawidevarietyofstyles.ButfromthehistoryofAmerica,wecanguesstheimportantthemesinitsliteratureareNativeAmericans,Pioneers,SlaveryandtheCivilWar,etc.?
T:Youranswersoundsreasonable.?
StepⅢListening
T:Next,let’sdosomelistening.Beforelisteningtothetape,I’dlikeyoutoanswersomequestions.Pleaselookatthescreen.?
1.AreyouamemberofanyclubortakingpartinactivitiesthathelpyoupractiseyourEnglish??
2.DidyouevergotoaSpeakingCorner?Whatwereyourexperiences??
3.WhatotherclubsoractivitiescouldyouthinkoftopractiseEnglishinawaythatmakesfun??
(Teachergivesstudentsawhiletoprepare.)?
T:WangLin,wouldyoupleaseanswerthefirstquestion??
S6:Yes.I’mamemberofEnglishCorner,whichisaclubforustopractiseEnglish.Ioftentakepartintheactivitiesinit.IthinkitisveryhelpfulformyspokenEnglish.?
T:NowonderyourspokenEnglishissogood.Now,LiXiang,didyouevergotoaSpeakingCorner?Whatwereyourexperiences??
S7:I’msorry.Iseldomgothere.IonlywentthereseveraltimeslastweekbecauseIcouldn’tunderstandotherswhentheyspeakeverythinginEnglish.?
T:IadviseyoutogotoSpeakingCornermoreoften.Thereisafamoussaying,“Practicemakesperfect.”Ifyouoftengothere,I’msureyoucanimproveyourlisteningabilityandyoucanalsospeakfluentEnglish.Doyouthinkso??
S7:Isee.I’lltrytogotheremoreoftenthisterm.?
T:Now,thethirdquestion.Anyvolunteerstoanswerit??
S8:IthinkwecanpractiseEnglishinotheractivitiessuchasEnglishSummerCamp,EnglishSpeechContest,EnglishShortPlayContest,EnglishDebateContest.?
T:Yourideassoundverygood.NowI’llplaythetapeforyou.Afterlisteningtothetape,youareaskedtoanswerthequestionsonthescreen.You’dbetterreadthemfirst.?
(Showthequestionsonthescreen.)?
1.WhatactivityareBen,AnnandLilyorganising??
2.Whyisthisactivitysuccessful,whileaSpeakingCornerwasnot?Givetworeasons.?
3.WhataretheadvantagesoftheirclubactivitiesaccordingtoAnn,BenandLily??
(Teacherplaysthetapeforthefirsttimeforstudentstogetthegeneralidea.Thenteacherplaysthetapeagainsothatstudentscangetthedetailedinformation.Forsomedetails,teachermaypauseandplaythetapemoretimesuntilstudentscanunderstandthemwell.Afterthat,teacheraskssomestudentstogivetheiranswers.Meanwhile,teachermaycorrectthemistakesifthereareany.)?
StepⅣSpeaking
T:HaveyoueverheardofafamousAmericanwriternamedMarkTwain?(ShowapictureofMarkTwainonthescreen.)Canyousaysomethingabouthim??
s9:OK.MarkTwainwasbornintheearly19thcentury.HisrealnamewasSamuelClemens.“MarkTwain”washispenname.Heiswell-knownintheworldasahumorist,afrontierandaphilosopher.HisfamousworksincludeTheAdventuresofTomSawyer,LifeontheMississippi,JumpingFrogandsoon.?
(Bb:MarkTwain,TheAdventuresofTomSawyer,LifeontheMississippi,JumpingFrog)
T:Perhapsyou’veheardaboutotherAmericanwritersandtheirworks.Nowlookatthescreenandmatchthewriterswiththeirworks.?
(Teacherwritesthefollowingontheblackboardandthenasksastudenttocometotheblackboard.)?
Writers?
1.AlexHaley?
2.ThomasJefferson?
3.HarrietBeecherStowe?
4.HenryWordsworthLongfellow?
5.ErnestHemingway?
6.JackLondon?
Works?
a.TheSlave’sDream?
b.SeaWolf?
c.UncleTom’sCabin?
d.TheDeclarationofIndependence?
e.Roots?
f:TheOldManandtheSea?
Suggestedanswers:1.e　2.d　3.c　4.a?5.f　6.b?
T:Themajorthemesintheliteratureofacountryreflectimportanteventsorperiodsinthehistoryofthatcountry.Therefore,importantthemesinAmericanliteratureareNativeAmericans,PioneersandtheCivilWar,andtherelationsbetweenAmericaandEurope.Nowchooseonethemeanddiscusswhattypeofstoryyouwouldliketoread.Youcanusethequestionsonthescreentohelpyou.?
(Teachershowsthefollowingonthescreen.)?
1.Whatwouldbeaninterestingstory??
2.Whatwouldbeanexcitingplot??
3.Whatcharacterswouldlikelyappearinit??
4.Whatwouldthecharactersbelike??
5.Wherewouldthestorytakeplace??
6.Whenwouldthestorytakeplace??
7.Wouldyouliketoreadastoryoranovel??
8.Doyouwanttoreadforpleasureorforschool??
(Teacherasksstudentstoworkinpairsandletsthemhavediscussions.Afewminuteslater,teacherasksstudentstopresenttheoutcomeoftheirdiscussiontotheclass.)?
T:Areyouready??
Ss:Yes.?
T:OK.I’llasksomestudentstopresenttheoutcomeofyourdiscussiontotheclass.WangBin,willyoupleasetry??
S10:I’mgladto.Iliketoreadbothstoriesandnovels.Ireadstoriesforschoolandnovelsforpleasure.Ithinkaninterestingstoryshouldhaveanexcitingplot.Asweknow,aplotisaplanoroutlineoftheeventsinthestoryofaplayornovel.Onlywhenastoryhasanexcitingplotcanitattractreaders.Forexample,I’vereadsomeworksofMarkTwain.“TheAdventuresofTomSawyer”isoneofthem.ItdescribesaboynamedTomSawyer,wholiveswithhisyoungerbrotheraidandAuntPollyinaremotetownonthebanksoftheMississippiRiver.Sidisa“model”boy.Heisobedient,demureandsneaky.ButTomisquitetheoppositeofhisbrother.Hedisobeyesthecruelandunjustteacher,MrDobbinsandisbusywithoutsidemattersatthelessons.OnenightTomSawyer,togetherwithhisfriendHuckFinn,hasanadventureandfinallybecomesrich.?
T:Welldone!Now,ZhangLi,you,please.?
S11:I’dliketo....?
StepⅤSummaryandHomework
T:Inthisperiodwe’vetalkedaboutsomethingaboutAmericanliterature.WehaveknownmoreaboutAmericanwritersandtheirworks.We’vealsodonesomelistening.Afterclass,rememberallthenewwordswelearntinthisclassandpreviewthenextthreeparts:Pre-readingReadingandPost-reading.OK.Somuchfortoday.Classisover.
StepⅥTheDesignoftheWritingonthe?
Blackboard
Unit10　Americanliterature?
TheFirstPeriod?
DudleyRandall　TheBurningCity?
MarkTwain?
Works?

StepⅦRecordafterTeaching
____________________________________

Unit10Americanliterature(Grammar)

語法指南
Step1復習各種時態(tài)
英語中不同時間發(fā)生的動作要用不同的動詞形式來表示，這就是動詞的時態(tài)，英語動詞共有十六種時態(tài)，現(xiàn)將常用的幾種歸納如下：
▲一般現(xiàn)在時
一般現(xiàn)在時可用來表示普遍真理或客觀事實。如：
Lightgoesfasterthansound．光比聲音傳播速度快。
Twoplusthreeisfive．二加三等于五。
Theearthmovesaroundthesunwhilethemoonmovesaroundtheearth．
地球繞著太陽轉而月亮繞著地球轉。
▲經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)
Americaisgrowingoldertoday．10outofevery100Americansareover65．
美國是一個人口正趨于老化的國家，每一百個美國人中就有十人年齡超過六十五歲。
Tomgetsupat6:00andgoestoschoolat7:30everymorning．
湯姆每天早上六點起床，七點半上學。
Suzhouisabeautifulcity．蘇州是一座美麗的城市。
▲表示現(xiàn)在時刻發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
HerecomesMrWang．王先生來了。
Whattimeisitnow？現(xiàn)在幾點？
Now，look，Iopenthedoor．你瞧我現(xiàn)在開門。
▲表示計劃、安排好的將來的動作。如：
IleaveforShanghainextTuesday.我下周二去上海。
HisbirthdayfallsonMay4．五月四日是他生日。
Theyattackatmidnight．他們定于午夜發(fā)起進攻。
▲在時間、條件從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作。如：
Ifitrainstomorrow，we’llhavetostayathome．如果明天下雨，我們只得呆在家里。
I’lltenhimthenewsassoonashecomeshack．他一回來我就告訴他這個消息。
▲舞臺動作說明、運動解說、劇情介紹等。如：
SmithpassestoTom，TomtoJack，JacktoSimons，niceball——andSmithshoots．
史密斯傳給湯姆，湯姆傳給杰克，杰克傳給西蒙，好球！——史密斯射門。
ShylockadvancestowardAntonioandpreparestousehisknife．
夏洛克向安東尼奧走去，準備動刀了。
▲一般過去時
表示過去經(jīng)常或反復發(fā)生的動作。如：
Iusedtogotoschoolearly．我過去總是很早去學校。
EverymorningItookawalkwhenIlivedinthecountry．我住在鄉(xiāng)間時，每天早上都去散步。
▲過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：
Wherewereyouyesterday？昨天你在哪里？
ImetAliceinthestreetbutwedidn’tstoptotalk．
我在街上遇到了艾麗絲，但我們沒有停下來聊天。
Didyouenjoythefilm？你喜歡那部電影嗎？
▲在口語中，一般過去時可用來代替一般現(xiàn)在時，表示婉轉的語氣。如：
Iwonderifyoucouldhelpme．不知你能否幫我個忙。
Didyouwishtoseeme？你要找我嗎？
▲在時間、條件從句中用一般過去時表示過去將來發(fā)生的事。如：
TheysaidtheywouldallleaveifMikestayed．他們說如果邁克留下，他們就都走。
MotherpromisedtobuyabikeforTomifhepassedtheexam．
母親答應如果湯姆考試及格就給他買輛自行車。
▲一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來某一時刻要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：
Youwillgetwetifyougooutwithoutanumbrella．你出門不帶傘會被淋濕的。
Hewillbesixteenyearsoldnextmonth．下月他就滿十六歲了。
IamsorryIshallnotbefreetomorrowmorning．對不起，明天上午我沒空。
▲begoingto表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或將來要做的事，或表示說話人根據(jù)已有跡象推斷可能要發(fā)生的事。如：
WearegoingtohaveanEnglisheveningtonight．今晚我們準備開個英語晚會。
Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain．看上去天要下雨了。
Ithinkheisgoingtoleavesoon．我認為他很快就會離開。
▲be＋不定式，表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事，或用來征求對方意見。如：
ThereistobeapartyonSaturdayevening．星期六晚上有個聚會。
AmItogoonwiththework？這工作我還繼續(xù)干下去嗎？
IamtomeetMrSmithateleventhismorning．我要在今天上午十一點鐘見史密斯先生。
▲beabout＋不定式，表示即將發(fā)生……，意為“即將”“正要”。如：
Let’shurry.Themeetingisabouttobegin．讓我們快點，會議就要開始了。
TheSmithsareabouttostartonajourney．史密斯一家就要去旅行了。
beabout＋不定式表示馬上就要進行的動作，故在句中與表示具體的將來時間連用，但可以和as或when引導的時間狀語從句連用。如：
AsIcame，shawasabouttogotothecinema．我到時，她要去電影院了。
WhenIreachedhome，Motherwasabouttogoshopping．我到家時，母親準備出去購物。
will和begoingto都可表示意愿，但前者多表示決心、意志；而后者表示經(jīng)過考慮后的打算。請比較：
Heisstudyinghardandisgoingtotakethecollegeentranceexams．他正努力學習，正準備考大學。
Theywillgotheirownwayinspiteofthedifficulties．不管有多少困難，他們都決心走自己的路。
will可用于條件句中表示意愿，這時will是情態(tài)動詞。
Ifshe’lllistentome，I’llgivehersomeadvice．如果她愿意聽我說，我會給她一些勸告。
上句中用在條件句中的will表示意愿，不是表示單純的將來，但begoingto可用于條件句中表示單純的將來。如：
Ifyouaregoingtovisitthemuseumnextweek，pleasetakeHelenalong．
如果下周你去參觀那個博物館，請帶上海倫一起去。
一般將來時還可以表示一種傾向或一種固有的特性。如：
Alllivingthingswilldiewithoutairandwater．沒有空氣和水，所有的生物都將死亡。
Waterwillboilifheatedto100℃．水如果被加熱到攝氏一百度就會沸騰。
▲過去將來時
表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作，主要用在賓語從句中。如：
JacksaidhewouldgotoHawaiifortheholiday．杰克說他將去夏威夷度假。
IaskedifhewouldcomeandrepairmyTVset．我問他是否可以來給我修理電視機。
Ithoughtitwouldrain，andsureenoughitdid．我想會下雨，果然下了。
從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的事，還可以用were／wasgoingtodo或were／wastodo或was／wereabouttodo來表示。如：
Hesaidhewasgoingtotry．他說他準備試一試。
Iwasabouttogowhenafrienddroppedin．我正要出門，來了一個朋友。
ShewastomeetKurtatanappointedplaceonthestreet．她將和庫爾特在街上約定的地方見面。
was／were＋不定式的完成式表示本來打算做某事，而后來沒有做。如：
IwastohaveseenhimlastSundaybuthedidnotcome．我本打算上星期天和他見面的，但他沒有來。
IwastohavetoldyouaboutitbutIdidn’thavetimetocomeover．
我本來要告訴你的，但我沒有時間過來。
▲現(xiàn)在進行時
表示正在進行的動作。如：
Thetelephoneisringing．Wouldyouanswerit？電話鈴響了，請你接一下，好嗎？
Theyaremakingpreparationsforit．他們正在做準備工作。
▲表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行，而此刻不一定在進行的動作。如：
HeisstudyingEnglishandteachingChinese．他在學習英語，又在教漢語。
ProfessorSmithistranslatinganovelthesedays．這些天史密斯教授正在翻譯一本小說。
▲有些表示“變化、移動”概念的動詞，它們的現(xiàn)在進行時表示將要發(fā)生的動作，類似動詞有go，start，arrive，return等等。如：
AreyouleavingforShanghaitomorrow？明天你去上海嗎？
Howmanyofyouarecomingtotheparty？你們有多少人來參加聚會？
▲現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)與always，forever，constantly，continually等副詞連用時，表示反復出現(xiàn)的或習慣性的動作，并且含有某種感情色彩，如贊嘆、厭惡等。如：
Heisalwaysmakingsillymistake．他總是犯愚蠢的錯誤。
Youarealwaysinterruptingme！你老打斷我的話。
Sheisalwaysthinkingofherwork．她老想到她的工作。
HeiscontinuallyremindingmeofwhatIowehim．他老提起我欠他錢的事。
▲過去進行時
表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。如：
TomwaswatchingTVwhenIcamein．我進來時，湯姆正在看電視。
Shewasthenworkinginanarmyhospital．那時她在一家陸軍醫(yī)院工作。
Atthattimehewasworkinginalaboratory．那時他在一家實驗室工作。
Duringthesummerof2003shewastravellinginEurope．2003年夏天她在歐州旅行。
▲和現(xiàn)在進行時一樣，某些動詞如come，go，leave，stay等的過去進行時表示過去將來的動作。如：
Shetoldmeshewassendingmesomenewstampssoon．她告訴我，不久她就會給我寄幾張新郵票來。
Sheknewtheplanewastakingoffinfiveminutes．她知道飛機五分鐘后就要起飛了。
▲和現(xiàn)在進行時一樣，過去進行時與always，forever，continually，constantly，frequently連用時，表示過去的經(jīng)常性、習慣性動作，并帶說話者的某種感情，如贊美、厭惡等。如：
Thetwobrotherswerefrequentlyquarrelling.這倆兄弟老是吵架。
Hewasalwayscomplainingaboutsomething．他老是怨這怨那。
Shewascontinuallyaskingquestions．她老是提問題。
過去進行時與一般過去時的區(qū)別，前者表示一個正在進行的尚未完成的動作，而后者表示一個業(yè)已完成的動作。如：
Shewaswritingletters．Ididn’twanttodisturbher．她在寫信，我不想打擾她。
Shewroteseverallettersandaskedmetopostthem．她寫了幾封信讓我寄出去。
Itwasrainingthismorning．今天早晨一直在下雨。
Itrainedthismorning．今天早晨下雨了。
動詞hope，think，wonder的過去進行時并非指過去，而是指現(xiàn)在，表示謙虛，有禮貌的詢問或建議。如：
Iwaswonderingwhetheryou’dliketogowithme．我不知道你是否愿意和我一起去。
Iwashopingwecouldhavedinnertotogether．我希望我們能在一起吃飯。
▲將來進行時
表示將來某一時刻或某段時間內進行的動作。如：
Don’tphonemebetween7and8p.m．We’llbehavingdinnerthen．
七、八點鐘之間別來電話，那時我們正在吃晚飯。
Atthistimetomorrow，I’llbetakingatest．明天這時我會在考試。
Aweekfromtoday，we’llbeflyinghome．一星期之后我們就乘坐飛機回家了。
▲將來進行時還可用來表示安排要做的事。如：
We’llbespendingthewinterinAustralia．我們將在澳大利亞過冬。
ProfessorBlakewinbegivingalectureonAmericanLiteraturetomorrowevening．
布萊克教授明晚將作一個關于美國文學的報告。
將來進行時比一般將來時語氣委婉客氣。如：
Whenyoupaybackthemoney？（不太客氣）
Whenyoubepayingbackthemoney？（比較委婉）
▲現(xiàn)在完成時
表示發(fā)生在過去或已經(jīng)完成了的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，換言之動作已發(fā)生在過去，著重的是對現(xiàn)在的影響。如：
HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall？你過去長城嗎？
Ihaveforgottenhertelephonenumber．我忘了她的電話號碼了。
We’venotbeentothecinemarecently．我們最近沒去看電影。
▲表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。如：
Hehasworkedasananimaltrainerformanyyears.他當了好幾年的訓獸師。
I’vewaitedaweekforyouranswer．等你的答復我等了一個星期。
▲用于時間或條件從句中，表示將來某時完成的動作。如：
Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped．等車停了再下車。
We’llstartatthreeo’clockifithasstoppedrainingbythen．
我們將在三點鐘動身，如果那時雨停了的話。
現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的比較：
這兩個時態(tài)雖都表示過去發(fā)生的事，但著眼點不一樣，現(xiàn)在完成時是要說明過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，而一般過去時只是單純的談過去的動作或狀態(tài)本身，不與現(xiàn)在相聯(lián)系。如：
“Comeandhavebreakfastwithus．”“Thankyou．I’vejusthadit．”
“來跟我們一塊兒吃早飯吧?！薄爸x謝，我已吃過了?！保柫?，吃不下了）
Ihadmybreakfastinthedininghall．我在飯廳吃的早飯。（僅說明吃飯這個事實）
I’vechosensomeCDsfortheparty．我為晚會選了幾張唱盤。（可以在晚會上聽了）
Ichosesomenovelsandboughtthem．我挑了幾本小說買下了。（沒說明與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系）
Ihaveseenhim．我見過他了。
Isawhimyesterday．我昨天見到他了。
▲現(xiàn)在完成進行時
表示一個由過去某時起一直持續(xù)的動作，這個動作可能剛停止，也可能還在繼續(xù)。如：
Thereyouare！I’vebeenwaitingfortwohours！
你到底來了，我等你等了二個小時了！
Sheisverytired．She’sbeenworkingthewholemorning．她很累，她干了一個上午了。
Ithasbeenraining，butithasjuststoppednow．天一直下雨，剛停。
▲有時現(xiàn)在完成進行時不是指某動作一直在不停地進行，而是表示一直到說話時的一段時間內一直重復的動作，常常有感情色彩。如：
Hehasbeencallingonherseveraltimesthisweek．他這個星期幾次來看她。
We’vebeenhavingalotofrainrecently．最近雨水很多。
▲有時現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示“剛才”或“近來”發(fā)生的動作，也就表示直到說話時為止的一段時間內發(fā)生的動作。這一動作到說話時已經(jīng)結束，而且不再繼續(xù)下去。這種用法主要表示某一動作所產(chǎn)生的結果或對現(xiàn)在的影響。如：
Youhavebeencleaningtheclassroom．Ithink．
我想你剛才在打掃教室吧?。ㄑ酝庵猓篩ourclothesarecoveredwithdust．）
Theboyhasbeenplayingwithtoys．
那男孩一直在玩玩具。（言外之意：Therearetoyshareandthereonthenoor．）
Hereyesarered．Shehasbeencrying．她眼睛紅了，她一直在哭。
現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的比較：
這兩個動作都表示“從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”的動作，有時可換用，但現(xiàn)在完成時著重動作的結果，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時著重表示動作的未完成，強調動作的持續(xù)性。如：
Ihavebeenreadingthebook．
我一直在讀這本書。（強調動作的持續(xù)性）
Ihavereadthebook．我讀過這本書了。（強調動作的結果）
Whohasbeendrinkmywine？誰喝了我的酒？（已喝掉）
Whohasbeendrinkingmywine？誰喝我的酒來著？（被喝掉一些）
不用進行時態(tài)的動詞。感官動詞等不可用現(xiàn)在完成時或進行時，但可用其現(xiàn)在完成時。如：
IhaveknownhimsinceIwasachild．我從孩子時起就認識他了。
Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime．我很久沒見過他了。
▲過去完成時
表示在過去某時間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或存在的狀態(tài)。
WhenIrang，Maryhadalreadygonetowork．我打電話時瑪麗已經(jīng)上班了。
Bydusk，thenewshadspreadthroughthetown．到黃昏，消息已傳遍全鎮(zhèn)。
Theroomwasdirty．Ihadn’tcleaneditforweeks．房間很臟，我已幾個星期沒打掃了。
▲過去完成時還可表示過去某一時間發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到某個時候，并可能繼續(xù)下去，常用for或since或by引導時間狀語。如：
Shehadlivedinthesouthforthreeyearsbeforeshecamehere．她來這兒之前，在南方住了三年。
Bytheendoflastmonth，Ihadstudiedinthecollegefortwoyears．
到上月底，我在這所學院已學習兩年了。
表示過去的兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生，可不用過去完成時，而用一般過去時，常見于assoonas，before，after，immediately，instantly，themoment等引導的帶有時間狀語從句的復合句中。如：
IlovedyouthemomentIsawyou．我一見到你就愛上你了。
Immediatelysheentered，hiseyeslitup．她一進來他的眼睛就亮了起來。
DirectlyIwalkedinthedoorIsmeltsmoke．我一進門就聞到煙味。
某些表示意愿、希望、打算、意圖等的動詞，其過去完成時表示本打算做而未做的事，這些動詞是：think，suppose，plan，want，intend，mean等。
IhadhopedtosendhimaChristmascard,butIforgottodoso．
我本來希望寄一張圣誕卡給他的，但我忘了寄了。
Wehadthoughttoreturnearlybuthewouldn’tletusgo．我們本想早點回來的，但他們不讓我們走。
Shehadintendedtospeak，buttimedidnotpermit．她本想發(fā)言，可時間不允許。
▲過去完成進行時
表示從過去某時開始，一直持續(xù)到過去的那個時刻的動作，該動作可能剛結束，也可能還要繼續(xù)。如：
Ihadbeenwaitingintheroomforhalfanhourbeforeshecalledmein.
在她喊我進去之前，我已經(jīng)在房間里等了半個小時。
Shewasoutofbreath．Shehadbeenrunning．她氣喘吁吁。她一直在跑來著。
Janewasannoyed．Peterhadbeenphoninghereverynight．簡很不高興，彼得每晚給她打電話。
請注意過去完成進行時與過去進行時的區(qū)別：
LastnightIwasreadinganovelwhenthebellrang．昨晚鈴響時，我正在讀一本小說。（當時正在讀）
LastnightIhadbeenreadinganovelwhenthebellrang．到昨晚鈴響時，我一直在讀一本小說。（一直在讀）
請注意過去完成進行時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別：前者表示到過去某個時刻還在進行，后者表示到現(xiàn)在還在進行。試比較：
Hehadbeensmokingfortwentyyearswhenhedecidedtogiveitup．
當他決定戒煙時，他已有二十年的煙齡了。
Hehasbeensmokingfortwentyyears．他已有二十年的煙齡了。（到現(xiàn)在為止）
請注意過去完成進行時與過去完成時的區(qū)別：前者表示到過去某時為止動作一直在持續(xù)，未必完成，而后者表示動作已完成。試比較：
Shesaidshehadbeenwritinghercomposition．她說她一直在寫作文。（可能尚未完成）
Shesaidshehadwrittenhercomposition．她說她的作文已寫完了。（已完成）
▲將來完成時
表示將來某個時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。如：
I’msurehewillhavesettledtheproblembeforeyouarrivethere．
我相信在你到那兒之前，這個問題他已經(jīng)解決了。
OnMondayhe’llhavebeeninAmericaforthreeyears．到星期一，他在美國就滿三年了。
Thefilmwillhavestartedbythetimewegettothecinema．我們到電影院時電影已開始。’
Byteno’clockthisevening，Ishallhavereviewedlessons．到今晚十點鐘，我將復習完功課了。

［語法專項訓練］
1.ThisexerciseiseasyandcoversthemainverbtensesandcanbedoneontheInternet,whichinteresttheSs.
Bytheendoftheyear,she___withadegreeinbusiness.
alreadygraduates
willhavealreadygraduated
hasalreadygraduated
Answerb
AssoonasI___home,itstartedtorainheavily.
get
got
willhavegotten
Answerb
We___thechancetovisitmanymuseumsinParislastvacation.
had
hadhad
havehad
Answera
I___onthisprojectfordayswithoutsuccess.
havebeenworked
havebeenworking
hadbeingworked
Answerb
Dontworry.She___byherself.
isusedtoliving
isusedtolive
usedtoliving
Answera
I___harduntilIpasstheTOEFL.
willstudy
study
havestudied
Answera
Nextmonthwe___our5thweddinganniversary.
willbecelebrated
willhavebeencelebrating
willbecelebrating
Answerc
Ifyou___it,giveitago.
didnttry
haventtried
hadnttried
Answerb
IwishI___amillionairesoIcouldtravelallovertheworld.
was
hadbeen
were
Answerc
He___toclassthismorningbecausehewassick.
didntcome
hadntcome
hasntcome
Answera
He___itonpurpose.
deniedhavingdone
deniedhavedone
denieddone
Answera
Children___tofreeeducation.
shouldentitle
shouldbeentitled
shouldtobeentitled
Answerb
___aUFO?
Didyoueversee
Doyoueversee
Haveyoueverseen
Answerc
WheneverI___talktomyboss,Igetbutterfliesinmystomach.
hadto
willhaveto
haveto
Answerc
They___togetherforfiveyearswhentheydecidedtogetmarried.
hadbeen
havebeen
were
Answera
Whilethereporter___thepoliceman,therobberescaped.
interviewing
wasinterviewing
hadbeeninterviewing
Answerb
She___extremelyquietsinceherhusbanddied.
is
hasbeen
was
Answerb
Ifhe___withhisgirlfriend,he___now.
hadntbrokenup/wouldntbesuffering
hadntbrokenup/wouldntsuffer
didntbreakup/wouldntbesuffering
Answera
2.Completesentencesandapassage.Getthestudentstodosomeexercisesforconsolidation.P87-88
Trytocorrecteachother’sanswersinpairsfirstandthengivethemthecorrectanswers.
Step2Summaryandhomework
Todaywehavereviewedeightkindsofverbtenses.(Writethemontheblackboard.)Andwehavealsodonesomeexercisestoconsolidatethem.Afterclass,youneedtodomoreexercisesandtrytoreadagrammarbookaboutverbtensestomasterthembetter.
Homework:
P220-221Ex1-2
Anexerciseaboutverbtenses(近幾年高考題)

Unit10Americanliterature(phrases)

詞組:
1.attendto
attendvt.1)出席，參加
Althoughhewasstillnotwell,theboyinsistedonattendingclass.
雖然這男孩身體還沒有好，他還是堅持去上課。
Ineedtodressupalittletoattendmyfriend’swedding.
我得稍稍打扮一下去出席我朋友的婚禮。
2)看護，治療，照顧
Therewasnoonetoattendhimbuthisniece.
除了他的侄女沒人照顧他。
3）伴隨
Dangerattendedeverythinghedid.
他做的一切都有危險。
Maygoodluckattendyou!
祝你好運！
attendto
1.)處理，辦理
Heofferedtogooutandattendtothematters
他提出出去處理這些事情。
2.)關心;照料;接待
Ifyougoout,whowillattendtothebaby?
假如你出去的話，誰來照看孩子呢？
3）注意傾聽
Youmustattendtotheinstructionsbeforeyoucanusethecomputer.
你必須注意聽這些說明才會用這臺電腦。
Attendsb=attendtosb=attendonsb
There__B____twoexpertsdoctors______thewoundedsoldier.
Aissaidtobe;attendingtoBaresaidtobe;attendingon
Csayingto;attendtoDtosaytohave;toattendon
句意:________________________________________________
2.takepridein
priden.自負；驕傲;自尊（心）;自豪
Sheshowedushernewhomewithgreatpride.
她非常得意地給我們看她的新家。
Pridegoesbeforeafall./Pridewillhaveafall.(諺).驕者必敗。
woundapersonspride.傷害一個人的自尊心
haveaprideinonesson.為自己的兒子感到自豪

takepridein(=beproudof)對。。。。感到自豪
prideoneselfonsth/doingsth以。。。自豪；對。。。。感到自豪
beproudtodosth對做某事感到自豪
beproudthat-clause對…..自豪
dosomeoneproud給某人面子
做:Theyoungladyknows.Sheiswrongbutistoo_A__toadmitit.
AprideBproudCconceitDmodest.
句意:________________________________________________
Theboyissosmartthathisparentstake__B_____him.
AproudofBprideinCprideofDProudin
句意:________________________________________________
3.doup
1)扣（紐扣）
Doupyourcoatandhurry.
把你的衣服扣上，快點！
Thisdressdoesupattheback.
這條連衣裙扣子在后面。
2)整理（房間）
Let’sdouptheroomfirst.
我們先整理房間。
3)包，扎（包裹）,捆（東西）
Pleasedothesethingsupforme.
請幫我把這些東西包扎起來。
4)修理
Theroomneedsdoingup.
這房子需要修繕。
5)使穿上
ShewasdoneupinherSundaybest.
她穿著節(jié)日盛裝。
6)使精疲力盡
Hewasdoneupafterthelongtrip.
長途旅行后他精疲力盡。
拓展:

doawaywith擺脫；廢除，取消
dofor照料
doout收拾，打掃；整理
dooutof搶劫；騙走，騙去
doup系上；扣上
dowith（與could,can連用）需要;有關系
havesth.todowith和…有關系
havenothingtodowith和…沒有關系
dowithout沒有某事物也行

做:Thecityhasdecidedto_A_____smoking.
AgoawaywithBtakeawayCgetawaywithDputaway
句意:________________________________________________
Thegirl’smotheroftenletheB____everymorning.
AdoingherteethBdoherteethCdoteethDdohertooth.
句意:________________________________________________
4．Letdown
letdown掃（某人的）興；失約
letin讓…進來，放…進來
letoff放（炮），投放（炸彈）;（與with連用）寬??；赦免；從寬處理
leton泄漏（秘密）
letout加寬，放寬（衣服）;放出
letup放松;減弱，停止
letgo放手,放開,釋放
letsb/sthalone對……放任不管
做:Thecoatneeds_D___atthewaist.
AtoletoffBlettingoffCtoletinDlettingin
句意:________________________________________________
Heaccidentally__A_____hehadquarreledwithhiswifeandthenhehadn’tbeenhomeforacoupleofweeks.
AletoutBtookcareCmadesureDmadeout
句意:________________________________________________
5.befixedupon→stareat
fixone’seyes/one;sattention/one’smind…….on/upon.
Fixon確定,決定,選定
Fixsbwith瞪視,凝視
Fixatimefor為……定時間
Fixup安頓,安排,修補
Fixupadispute解決事端
Fixupapatient.治愈病人
Practice:
Shewas_A____frightenedthatshecouldnot_____herthoughtsonanything.
A.so;fixB.so;spend
C.such;fixD.such;spend
stareatsb./sth.盯著看，凝視glareat怒視glanceat掃視
Thecat’seyes__B____theholewheretherewasamouse.
AwasfixedonBwerefixedonCfixedonDarefixedon
句意:________________________________________________
They__A_____theyoungdoctortofinishthework.sothatthepatientcan_______.
Afixupon;befixedupBfixup;befixedup.Cfixon;befixedonDfixup;fixup.
句意:________________________________________________
6..atlength
1.)最后,終于
Atlength,webegantounderstandwhatshewanted.
最后,我們總算弄清楚她到底要什么。
2.)詳細地
Hetalkedatlengthabouthiswork.
他詳細地談了他的工作。
Atfulllength
Gotogreatlengths
Go(to)alllengths
Go(to)thelengthof
Thefoodwasn’tgood,but_A____itwascheap.
AatleastBatlastCatlength.Datlongest.
句意:________________________________________________
I’mnotgongtosaysorrytohim.___D______Iwon’ttoday.
AAtfirstBAtlastCAtmostDAtleast.
句意:________________________________________________
ourhostesswent__D_____tomakesurewewerecomfortable.
AtogreatpainBgreattroubleCallherwayDtogreatlengths
句意:________________________________________________