小學(xué)語(yǔ)文微課教案

Unit8虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)
(1)若表示與，則條件從句中用過(guò)去式，主句中用過(guò)去將來(lái)式（would，should，could，might+動(dòng)詞原形）；
(2)若表示某事將來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大，則條件從句中用should+動(dòng)詞原形也可用“wereto+動(dòng)詞原形”或用過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞。如：
IwouldcertainlygoifI___________(have)time．（現(xiàn)在）
Ifitshouldrain，wewouldntgoout.（將來(lái)）
（3）若表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句中用過(guò)去完成式，主句中用過(guò)去將來(lái)完成式（should，would，could，might+have+過(guò)去分詞）。如：
IfIhadsetoffalittleearlier，I____________________caughtthetrain．
Shewould/mighthavecomeifshe__________beensobusy．
IfIhadnt___________(take)youradvice，Iwouldhavemadeabadmistake．
（4）含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如有had，should，were這三個(gè)詞的話(huà)，在正式或書(shū)面語(yǔ)言中可將if省略，再將句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞實(shí)行全部倒裝或部分倒裝。如：
___________theytime（=Iftheyhadtime），theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus．
____________itbefine（=Ifitshouldbefine），wewouldgoforanouting．
___________Iyou（=IfIwereyou），Iwouldgo．
（4）若主句從句所指的時(shí)間不一致，即條件從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反；或者條件從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，主句表真實(shí)情況，則從句中應(yīng)采用與具體時(shí)間相對(duì)應(yīng)的虛擬形式。如：
Ifit__________rainedlastnight（過(guò)去），Itwouldbeverycoldtoday（現(xiàn)在）．
IfI_____takenyouradvice（過(guò)去）,Ishouldhavenotroublewiththeworknow（現(xiàn)在）．
2．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法
在動(dòng)詞suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（即Should+動(dòng)詞原形或只用動(dòng)詞原形）來(lái)表示愿望、建議、命令、請(qǐng)求等。在動(dòng)詞wish/wouldrather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符，用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符。如：
Isuggestthatwe（should）setoffatonce．
Thedoctorinsistedthatthepatient(should)beX-rayed．
IwishI____________asstrongasyou．
Iwouldratherthatyou____________toldhim．（沒(méi)有告訴他）
3．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法
在Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural；Itisrequested/suggested/desired/proposed；itisapity等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即Should+動(dòng)詞原形或只用動(dòng)詞原形。如：
Itisnecessarythathe（should）besentthereatonce．
ItisrequestedthatProfessorLi（___________）giveusaspeech．
Itisdesiredthatwe（should）geteverythingreadybytonight．
4．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中的用法。
在suggestion，proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形或只用動(dòng)詞原形。如：
Oursuggestionisthatyou（should）bethefirsttogo．
Myadviceisthatwe（____________）sendforDoctorLi．
Doyouknowtheorderthatyou（should）keepwatch？
5．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法
在asif引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符，用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符；
在sothat，inorderthat引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
Theytalkedasifthey__________________friendsforyears．
Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshecouldtakecareofhermother．
Hetookataxitothestationsothatsheshouldnotmissthetrain．
6．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法：
在itistime后面的定語(yǔ)從句中常用過(guò)去式表示虛擬。
It’stimeIwasgoing.
It’stimesomebody___________(teach)youtobehaveyourself.
7.由wish引起的表示愿望的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
A．用wish表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望時(shí)，它所引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）。
B．用wish表示對(duì)將來(lái)的愿望時(shí)，它所引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：would,could,might+動(dòng)詞原形。
C．wish用于對(duì)過(guò)去的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：had+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞或could,would+have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。
Iwishthathe__________solazy.
IwishI____________wastedsomuchtime.
Iwishshewouldchangehermind.
8.hadhoped/planned/thought/wanted/intended表示一種過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或令人失望的事。
Ihadthoughthehadbeendeadforatleast20years.
IhadhopedthatshewouldgototheU.S.andstudythere,butshesaid
shelikedtostayinChina.
9.wouldrather.
would(had)rather,wouldassoon,wouldsooner和wouldprefer所引起的從句中要求用過(guò)去式表示當(dāng)時(shí)或?qū)?lái)的情況，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的情況，表示希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責(zé)備。例如：
I’dratheryou__________theletterrightaway.我倒希望你把這封信立刻寄出去。
Iwouldpreferhedidn’tstaytheretoolong.我倒希望他不要在那兒呆得太久。
Iwouldjustassoonyouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書(shū)還了。
10.It’s(high,about)timethat句型中that從句中要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，即動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式。
It’stimethatsomething____________________(do)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.
Itishightimethatweputanendtothisdiscussion.現(xiàn)在是我們?cè)摻Y(jié)束講座的時(shí)候了
11.　虛擬語(yǔ)氣在由某些連詞或個(gè)詞引出的表示條件、目的的狀語(yǔ)從句中的使用。常見(jiàn)的這些連詞和介詞有：
1)unless(除非)，provided(倘若)，supposing(假若)，providing(倘若),onconditionthat(如果),由這些詞、詞組引出的從句，動(dòng)詞多用過(guò)去時(shí)。
除非你命令他做，要不他是不會(huì)做的。
Hewouldntdoitunlessyouorderedhimto.
假若你有機(jī)會(huì)出國(guó)，你會(huì)去哪兒呢？
Providingyouhadtheopportunitytogoabroad,wherewouldyougo?
12.sothat(以便)，forfearthat(以免,唯恐)，inorderthat(以便)，whether(不管)，lest(以免)，incase(假使)，從句中加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)should可省略。
他把它藏起來(lái)以免她看見(jiàn)。
Hehiditlestshe(should)seeit.
我得準(zhǔn)備點(diǎn)啤酒，說(shuō)不定約翰會(huì)來(lái)。
IllgetsomebeerincaseJohnshouldcome.
他輕輕地進(jìn)屋，以免吵醒他的同房。
Heenteredtheroomquietlyinorderthatheshouldnotwakehisroommate．
13.ifonly
如果表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望，句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式；
如果表示將來(lái)的愿望，句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用would/could+動(dòng)詞原形；
如果表示對(duì)過(guò)去的愿望，句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用had+過(guò)去分詞。
ifonlyI______you!
Ifonlyyou_________comeyesterday!
IfonlyLindacouldgowithustomorrow!
IfonlyIhadsaidmoreaboutit!
onlyif表示"只有"；ifonly則表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陳述語(yǔ)氣。
Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有鬧鐘響了，我才會(huì)醒。
Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.　當(dāng)時(shí)鬧鐘響了，就好了。
Ifonlyhecomesearly.　但愿他早點(diǎn)回來(lái)。

虛擬語(yǔ)氣精練60題
1.Theboyacted____hehadneverlivedinCanadabefore.
A.asthoughB.evenifC.asD.since
2.Ifyouwereoldenough,I____youtogothereyesterday.
A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed
3.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey____themeninatonce.
A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring
4.Ifwearrivedheretenminutesearlier,we___thebus.
AshouldhavecatchB.wouldhavecaughtC.hadcaughtD.wouldcatch
5.Donttouchthesleepingtiger.Ifhewokeup,he_____you.
A.wouldattackB.shouldattackC.wouldhaveattackedD.willattack
6.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.
A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe
7.HowIwishI____toreapairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.
A.hadtriedB.hadnttriedC.havetriedD.didnttry
8.Hedemandedthatthelaboratoryreport___immediatelyaftertheexperimentwasdone.
A.waswrittenB.bewrittenC.mustbewrittenD.wouldbewritten
9.IfonlyI_____howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.
A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knew
10.Ifhe___totheteacherattentively,he___theanswertotheproblemnow.
A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknow
C.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknow
11.Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butI___thatyouwerewaitingforme.
A.didn’tknowB.hadn’tknowC.wouldhaveknownD.haven’tknown
12.ItisreallystrangethatMarry,whoisstillacollegestudnet,___soearly.
A.hasbeenmarriedB.hasmarriedC.bemarriedD.wouldmarry
13.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents___twoweekstopreparefortheexam.
A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegiven
14.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI___yourbirthdayparty.
A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended
15.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey___friendsforyears.
A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen
16.Itisimportantthatyou___acommunicationwithMr.Williansimmediately.
A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave
17.Itishightimewe___upourresults.
A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsum
18.Ifthedoctorhadbeenavailable,thechild___.
A.wouldnotdieB.wouldnothavediedC.couldnotdieD.couldnothavedied
19.Ican’tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_______everything.
A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown
20.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I___himattheairport.
A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmeetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet
21.Kunarcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe___mehow.
A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach
22.Iwouldhavecalledyouupforhelphaditbeenpossible,butI___yourphonenumberthen.
A.hadn’thadB.didn’thaveC.shouldn’thaveD.couldn’thave
23.Ifit___anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.
A.hadrainedB.wouldhadrainedC.haveseenD.didsee
24.Hesuggestedthatthey___useatrickinsteadoffighting.
A.shouldB.wouldC.doD.had
25.“Whydidn’tyoubuyanewcar?”“IwouldhaveboughtoneifI___enoughmoney.”
A.hadB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.hadhad
26.Irecommendedthatthestudent___hiscompositionassoonaspossible.
A.finishingwritingB.shouldfinishthewritingC.finishwritingD.finishedwriting
27.TheBakersarrivedlastnight,ifthey’donlyletusknowearlier,___atthestation.
A.we’dmeetthemB.we’llmeetthemC.we’dhavemetthemD.we’vemetthem
28.Wemighthavefailedifyou___usahelpinghand.
A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgiveC.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive
29.TheLawrequiresthateveryone___hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.
A.hasB.hadCwillhaveD.have
30ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn___nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehadborrowed.
A.willtakeB.tookC.takeD.takes
31.Thencameawordfromourbossthatweall___atpresentathisofficerightaway.
A.beB.tobeC.wouldbeD.shallbe
32.---Helencouldn’tgottoFranceafterall.
----That’stoobad,I’msureshewouldhaveenjoyeditif___.
A.she’sgoneB.she’llgoC.she’dgoneD.she’dgo
33Imustgothereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatI___anhourbeforethediscussionbegins.
A.goB.shallgoC.willgoD.wouldgo
34.Butfortheguidanceofourinstructor(導(dǎo)師),we___intheexperiment.
A.shouldn’tsucceedB.couldnothavesucceed
C.willnotsucceedD.shouldnothavesucceeded
35.Inthepastmengenerallywouldratherthattheirwives______inthehome.
A.workedB.wouldworkC.workD.wereworking
.36.Johndidnotfeelwellyesterday;otherwisehe_______toseehisclassmatesoff.
A.cameB.wouldcomeC.wouldhavecomeD.shouldbecoming
37.It’sabouttimepeople______noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.
A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake
38Somepeoplearetooparticularaboutschoolrecords,insistingthateveryapplicant______alldiplomasfromelementaryschooltouniversity.
A.hasB.willhaveC.shouldhaveD.musthave
39.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday’sadvancedtechnology_______..
A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachieved
C.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved
40.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun________roundtheearth.
A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling
41.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,_______asuddenloudnoise.
A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen
42._______morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.
A.IfthecaptainwereB.Hadthecaptainbeen
C.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen
43.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI________inlove，attheageofseven，withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.
A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall
44.Sheinsistedthatshe________illofhimbehindhim，buthedidn’tbelieveit.
A.hadn’tspokenB.shouldn’tspeakC.wouldn’tspeakD.notspeak
45.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifshe________afewbooksonworldhistory.
A.hadn’treadB.hasn’treadC.wouldn’treadD.didn’tread
46.IwenttothemeetingyesterdaybecauseI_______nothingaboutthediscussionwithoutattendingit.
A.didn’tknowB.wouldknowC.knewD.wouldhaveknown
47.Isn’titabouttimethatyou________topickupthevisitorsfromNewYork?
A.wentB.shouldgoC.goD.willgo
48.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater，itlooksasifit________.
A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
49.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe________toyourplan.
A.didn’tagreeB.hadn’tagreedC.wouldn’tagreeD.notagree
50..Theyoungmaninsistedthathe________nothingwrongand________freeimmediately.
A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset
51.Ifyou________toseeMary,whatwouldyoutellher?
AareBwillbegoingChadDwere
52.Ifthewholeoperation____________beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.
AwasnotplannedBhasnotbeenplannedChadnotbeenplannedDwerenotplanned
53.IfI__________harderatschool,Iwouldbesittinginacomfortableofficenow.
AhadworkedBworkedCweretoworkDwereworking
54.IwishI____________longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.
AcouldhavesleptBsleptCmighthavesleptDhaveslept
55.“Youareveryselfish.It’shightimeyou_________youarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.
AhaverealizedBrealisedCrealizeDshouldrealise
56.IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you___________now.
Awouldn’tbesmilingBcouldn’thavesmiledCwon’tsmileDdidn’tsmile
57.__________formyillness,Iwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.
ANotbeingBHaditnotbeenCwithoutbeingDNothavingbeen
58.Wereshetoleaverightnow,she___________thereonSunday.
AhadgotBmighthavegotCwouldgotDhasgot
59.Thechildreninthebackseatmighthavebeenseriouslyinjuredifthedriver________thatthey
wearseatbelts.
Ahasn’tbeeninsistingBhadn’tinsistedCwouldn’tinsistDwasn’tinsisting
60.ifonlyI_________morecarefulthatday!
AcouldbeBwouldhavebeenCshouldbeDhadbeen

相關(guān)閱讀

高考英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法講解

語(yǔ)法講解：虛擬語(yǔ)氣
一、語(yǔ)氣的定義和種類(lèi)
l.語(yǔ)氣：語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。
2.語(yǔ)氣的種類(lèi)
（1）陳述語(yǔ)氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問(wèn)句和某些感嘆句。如：Wearenotready.我們沒(méi)準(zhǔn)備好。Whatafinedayitis！多好的天氣啊！
（2）祈使語(yǔ)氣：表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的建議、請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、命令等。如：Openthedoor，please.請(qǐng)打開(kāi)門(mén)。
（3）虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀(guān)存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀(guān)愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。如：IfIwereyou，IshouldstudyEnglish.如果我是你，我就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。Mayyousucceed！祝您成功！
二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件從句中的用法
條件句有兩類(lèi)，一類(lèi)是真實(shí)條件句，一類(lèi)是虛擬條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實(shí)條件句。在這種真實(shí)條件句中的謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如：Ifitdoesntraintomorrow，wewillgotothepark.如果明天不下雨，我們就去公園。
如果假設(shè)的情況是過(guò)去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的，或?qū)?lái)不大可能發(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。如：Ifhehadseenyouyesterday，hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.如果他昨天見(jiàn)到你，他會(huì)問(wèn)你這件事的。（事實(shí)上他昨天沒(méi)見(jiàn)到你，因此也未能問(wèn)你這件事。）
在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣?，F(xiàn)將虛擬條件從句和主句的動(dòng)詞形式列表如下：
從句主句
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式一般用were）would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had+過(guò)去分詞would/should/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞
與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，should+動(dòng)詞原形，wereto+動(dòng)詞原形would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形
注：主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，should常被would代替；從句中的should可用于各種人稱(chēng)。
l.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如：Ifmybrotherwerehere，everythingwouldbeallright.要是我哥哥在這兒，一切都沒(méi)問(wèn)題了。
2.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如：Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice，youwouldnt（couldnt）havefailedintheexam.如果你按照我的建議去做，你一定不會(huì)（不可能）考試不及格。
3.表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如：IfitwereSundaytomorrow，Ishould（would，could，might）gotoseemygrandmother.如果明天是星期天，我就（可能）去看望我奶奶。Ifitweretosnowthisevening，theywouldnotgoout.如果今晚下雪，他們將不出去了。
4.有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和主句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致（表示錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣），這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。例如：Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor，youwouldbeallrightnow.如果你當(dāng)初聽(tīng)了醫(yī)生的話(huà)，身體現(xiàn)在就好了。（從句動(dòng)作指過(guò)去，主句動(dòng)作指現(xiàn)在）
5.虛擬條件句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成下列形式
（l）省略連詞if.在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把這幾個(gè)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。例如：Shouldhecome（Ifheshouldcome），tellhimtoringmeup.他要是來(lái)了，讓他給我打個(gè)電話(huà)。WereIyou（IfIwereyou），Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你，就不做這事。
（2）用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表示出來(lái)，而是通過(guò)介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。如：Withoutair（Iftherewerenotair），therewouldbenolivingthings.如果沒(méi)有空氣的話(huà)，就不會(huì)有生物了。Butforyourhelp（Ifithadntbeenforyourhelp）Icouldnthavedoneit.要是沒(méi)有你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事。
假設(shè)的情況有時(shí)可以通過(guò)上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。如：Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.（IfIhadntbeenbusythatday，Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.）我那天很忙，否則，我就和他們一起去那兒了。（如果我那天不忙的話(huà)，我就……）；Iwouldhavefinishedthework，butIhavebeenill.（IfIhadntbeenill，Iwouldhavefinishedthework.）我本來(lái)該完成這項(xiàng)工作的，但我生病了。（如果我沒(méi)生病的話(huà)，我就會(huì)完成……）
6.省去條件從句或主句：表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主句或從句有時(shí)可以省略，但其含義仍可以推知。
（1）省去條件從句。如：Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自己洗衣服的。省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto"（事實(shí)是：你自己沒(méi)洗衣服，因?yàn)槟悴幌胂础＃?br> （2）省去主句（常用以表示愿望）。如：Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme！如果我的祖母與我在一起多好?。。ㄊ聦?shí)是：祖母已不在世。）；Ifonlyshehadnotleft！如果她沒(méi)走就好了！（事實(shí)是：她已經(jīng)走了。）
l.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法：在“Itisimportant（strange，natural，necessary）that……”這類(lèi)句型里，that所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用“should十動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某事是“重要”“奇怪”“自然”“必要”等意義。如：Itisimportantthateverymember（should）informhimselfoftheserules.重要的是每個(gè)成員知道這些規(guī)則。
2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法
（1）在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，或?qū)?lái)的主觀(guān)愿望，從句通常省略連詞that.1）表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去進(jìn)行式（be動(dòng)詞一般用were）。如：IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.我希望知道這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。（可惜不知道）；2）表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞常用“had十過(guò)去分詞”。如：Iwish（wished）Ihadntspentsomuchmoney.我后悔不該花那么多錢(qián)。（實(shí)際上已經(jīng)花掉）；3）表示對(duì)將來(lái)的主觀(guān)愿望：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為“would十動(dòng)詞原形”。此時(shí)要注意，主句的主語(yǔ)與從句的主語(yǔ)不能相同，因?yàn)橹骶涞闹髡Z(yǔ)所期望的從句動(dòng)作能否實(shí)現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語(yǔ)的態(tài)度或意愿（非動(dòng)物名詞除外）。如：Iwishitwouldstopraining.但愿雨能停止。Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.但愿你立刻來(lái)。
（2）在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，表示建議、要求、命令等。如：Idemandthathe（should）answermeimmediately.我要求他立刻答復(fù)我。
3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法
（1）在帶有evenif/eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，動(dòng)詞形式與含有非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣相同。如：Evenifhehadbeenill，hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病，他也去辦公室。
（2）由asif或asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句表示比較或方式時(shí)。從句謂語(yǔ)形式為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be用were）或“had十過(guò)去分詞”。如：HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那樣對(duì)待我，好像我是陌生人似的。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.她談?wù)撃遣坑捌秃孟袼_實(shí)看過(guò)一樣。
注：如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那么方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
（3）在inorderthat或sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用“could或might（有時(shí)也用should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。如：Mr.greenspokeslowlysothathisstudentscould（might）hearclearly.格林先生說(shuō)得很慢，好讓學(xué)生聽(tīng)清楚。
4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法：在“Itistime（that）……”句型中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示將來(lái)，動(dòng)詞形式一般用過(guò)去式，意思是“該干某事的時(shí)候了”。如：Its（high）timewedidourhomework.我們?cè)撟鲎鳂I(yè)了。
5.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在簡(jiǎn)單句中的用法
（1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌，或委婉的語(yǔ)氣，常見(jiàn)于日常會(huì)話(huà)中。如：Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.你最好別太晚睡覺(jué)。
（2）在一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)中。如：Iwouldrathernottellyou.我寧愿不告訴你。
（3）用“may+動(dòng)詞原形”表示“祝愿”“但愿”，此時(shí)may須置于句首（多用于正式文體中）。如：Mayyoubehappy！祝你快樂(lè)！Maygoodluckbeyours.祝你順利。

高考英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
1.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法
①shall用于一、三人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn);用于二、三人稱(chēng)陳述句表示說(shuō)話(huà)人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等;may表示“允許、可以”，語(yǔ)氣比較委婉。
②must用于疑問(wèn)句，表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為“偏偏，偏要”，mustn’t表示禁止，是說(shuō)話(huà)人強(qiáng)有力的勸告。cannot表示“不可能”;neednot表示“不必要”;maynot表示“可能不，可以不”。
③needn’t表示“沒(méi)有必要”
④would表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向
⑤表示經(jīng)過(guò)努力而成功的某一次動(dòng)作，只能用was/wereableto,而不能用could;could還可以表示過(guò)去的某種能力
⑥考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用作答語(yǔ)的情況
2.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式一般式表推測(cè)的用法
①肯定的推測(cè)一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can)，其中，must的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，譯為“肯定”、should的語(yǔ)氣次之，譯為“很可能”、“應(yīng)該”;按常理推測(cè)的may(might),could語(yǔ)氣最弱，譯為“也許”。
②否定的推測(cè)：語(yǔ)氣不很肯定時(shí)，常用maynot,mightnot或couldnot，譯為“可能不”“也許不”;否定語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)時(shí)，則用can’t，譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會(huì)”，表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩
③疑問(wèn)句中推測(cè)往往用can或could
3.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式表推測(cè)的用法
4.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式完成式的其他用法
①should(oughtto)+不定式的完成式：本來(lái)應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上又沒(méi)有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。
②needn’t+不定式的完成式：本來(lái)不必要做的而實(shí)際上又做了
③could+不定式的完成式：本可以做而實(shí)際上未能做,含有遺憾的意味
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1.虛擬條件句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法
①與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句②與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句
③與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句
2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的活用
①時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
②省略if的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
③并列連詞或副詞暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
④介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
⑤asif/asthough方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
⑥名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
⑦分詞短語(yǔ)暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
⑧上下文語(yǔ)境中的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)

I.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
1.表示“能力、許可”的can/may
①表示能力的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用can/could
Acomputer_____thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.
A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot
②表示許可時(shí)用may/might,can/could都可以，但在問(wèn)句中用could…?
或might…?以使口氣委婉客氣，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口氣明確(must表示一定，必須，mustn’t表示禁止，不許可)
—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?—Yes,you______
A.willB.couldC.mayD.might
Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.
A.won’t/can’tB.mustn’t/mayC.shouldn’t/mustD.can’t/shouldn’t
③在肯定句中could不可以用來(lái)表示過(guò)去某一特定場(chǎng)合的能力，而要用was/wereableto。
如不可以說(shuō)：Theycouldjumpintotheseabeforetheboatwasblownup
而要說(shuō)：theywereableto/managedtojumpinto…
Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout.
A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto
但在否定句中could/was(were)ableto可以通用:
Icouldn’t/wasn’tabletoseehimyeaterday.
④表示許可時(shí)用may/can都可以。只不過(guò)用may時(shí)較側(cè)重講話(huà)人的許可，而can較側(cè)重客觀(guān)情況的許可，must則表示必須做某事。
2.表示“推斷、判斷”的can,may,must
①在肯定句中都可以用來(lái)表示可能。在含義上must語(yǔ)氣最為肯定,may表示的是事實(shí)上的可能性：
Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.
A.mustB.mayC.canD.will
而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性：Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.
②在否定句中只能用can和may。此時(shí)can’t用以代替mustn’t，語(yǔ)氣比maynot更強(qiáng)。can’t中文可以翻譯為“不可能”、maynot中文可以翻譯為“可能不”。
Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may
③在疑問(wèn)句只能用can，不能用may和must
Hemaybeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?
Hemustbeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?
3.表示“請(qǐng)求、提議”(用在疑問(wèn)句中)的can和could，這時(shí)could比can語(yǔ)氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)
Can(Could)yougivemealifttothestation?
你(您)能不能讓我搭你(您)的車(chē)去車(chē)站呀?
4.表示“驚訝、懷疑”(用在疑問(wèn)句中)的can和could，這時(shí)could比can語(yǔ)氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)
Whocanitbeatthistimeofday?這個(gè)時(shí)候到底會(huì)是誰(shuí)呢?
5.構(gòu)成下列特殊句式的can
①cannot/cannever…too…cannot…enough“無(wú)論怎么……也不為過(guò)分，越……越好，非?！?br> Sinceitisagoodthing,wecannotdoittoosoon.
既然是好事情，我們?cè)皆玳_(kāi)始做越好。
②can’thelpdoing…,cannothelpbutdo…,cannotbutdo…“禁不住，不由得，不得不”
IcannothelpadmiringthepicturewheneverIlookatit.每當(dāng)我看到這幅畫(huà)時(shí)，我都禁不住要鑒賞它。
Whenaclosefrienddies,youcannotbutfeelsad.
親密的朋友去世時(shí)，你會(huì)不由得感到悲傷。
6.表示祝愿、祝福的may,此時(shí)句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序
Mayhelivetoanoldage!愿他長(zhǎng)命百歲!MayGodbewithyou!愿上帝保佑你!
7.shall/should
用于人稱(chēng)意義
Shall第一、三人稱(chēng)征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)
第二、三人稱(chēng)說(shuō)話(huà)人給對(duì)方的警告、命令、允諾、威脅
用于法律、法規(guī)等條文中應(yīng)……，須……，得……
Whatshallwedothisevening?
注意：may用于征求對(duì)方的許可，而shall用于征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或指示：
MayIhavealook?我能看一看嗎?
ShallIhavealook?需要我看一看嗎?
Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.(警告)
HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(允諾)
Heshallbepunished.(威脅)
Thefineshallbegivenincash.罰款須以現(xiàn)金繳納。
should意義
①（表義務(wù)、責(zé)任的）應(yīng)該
②（表預(yù)期的）應(yīng)該會(huì)，想必會(huì)，一定……會(huì)把
③（表驚訝、遺憾的）竟然、居然
④（與疑問(wèn)詞連用，表意外、驚訝、納悶等的）究竟是，到底
⑤（用于表示命令、建議、請(qǐng)求等詞后面的that從句中，且should可以省略）應(yīng)該，必須
①Youshouldapologizetohim.
②Thephotosshouldbereadyby12:00.
③I’msurprisedthatyoushouldspeakinsuchaway.
④WhoshouldccomeinbutmyoldfriendBetty.我當(dāng)究竟是誰(shuí)進(jìn)來(lái)了呢，原來(lái)是我的老朋友貝蒂呀。
⑤Isuggestedthathe(should)changehismind.
Mysuggestionwasthathe(should)changehismind.
注意：oughtto表示“應(yīng)該”(與should同義,只是語(yǔ)氣稍重一些),也可表示推測(cè)。
Yououghttotakecareofhim.
Heoughttobehomebynow.
8.will/would
①請(qǐng)求、建議，would比will委婉客氣
Wouldyoupassmethebook?
②表示意志、愿望和決心
Iwillneverdothatagain.
Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagain
③可表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向
Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek
Thewoundwouldnotheal.
④表示估計(jì)或猜想
Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.
Whatwouldshebedoingthere?
9.dare和need
①need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。
②dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)有兩中形式：dare和dared兩個(gè)詞形。
除了可以用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句外，還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。
Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.
Idon’tknowwhetherhedaresay.
Note:Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.
Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?
10.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone的用法
①could+havedone：本可以做而實(shí)際上未能做
Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.
②cannot+havedone：表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的否定推測(cè)
Hecannothavebeentothattown.
③can+主語(yǔ)+havedone：表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的懷疑或不肯定
Canhehavegotthebook?
④might(may)+havedone：對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測(cè)
Hemaynothavefinishedthework.
Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.
(Mood:mightmay,possibility:mightMAY)p
⑤must+havedone：對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測(cè)。其否定式為：cannothavedone
Youmusthaveseenthefilm.
Youcannothaveseenthefilm.
⑥needn’t+havedone：本來(lái)不必要做的而實(shí)際上又做了
Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.
注意：didn’tneedto(haveto)do:沒(méi)有必要做而實(shí)際上也沒(méi)有做
Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.
⑦should(oughtto)+havedone：本來(lái)應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上又沒(méi)有做。
其否定形式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。
Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.
Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIwantedtouseit.
注意：本結(jié)構(gòu)還可以表“推測(cè)”的意思
Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.
到現(xiàn)在他應(yīng)該已經(jīng)做完那項(xiàng)工作了。
11.其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
①haveto
haveto表示“必須,不得不”,在這個(gè)意義上與must很接近,但must表示的是說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀(guān)看法,而haveto表示的卻是客觀(guān)需要.haveto比must有更多的形式。
TheTVsetisbroken.Ihavetobuyanewone.
Thestudentswillhavetoknowhowtousethecomputers.
注意：在回答must的問(wèn)句時(shí),否定式常用neednot(needn’t)或don’thaveto表示“不必”。而不用
mustnot,因?yàn)閙ustnot表示“不可以”。
②usedto
表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)(現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)如此)
—Didyouusetogotheretoseeyourbrother?/Usedyoutogotheretoseeyourbrother?
—Yes,Idid(usedto)./No,Ididn’t(usedn’t).
注意：would也可表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向，但是不涉及到現(xiàn)在。
③hadbetter
表示“最好(做……)”
Wehadbettergonow.
其否定式為hadbetternot
II.虛擬語(yǔ)氣
(一)一般虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
類(lèi)別用法例句
If引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式（be用were）
主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：had+過(guò)去分詞
主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.
與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/were+不定式
主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.
注意:主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，should常被would代替;從句中的should可用于各種人稱(chēng)，且不可以被would所代替。
(二)混合虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
1.不同時(shí)間的虛擬
Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.(從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.(從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.(從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)
Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.(從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，and后面的主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
2.虛擬與陳述的混合
Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.
Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
(三)特殊句式虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
1.省略連詞if。在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把這幾個(gè)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。
Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是來(lái)了，讓他給我打個(gè)電話(huà)。
WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你，就不做這事。
2.suggest,order,propose,request,require,demand,advise,insist+賓語(yǔ)從句(should)do
Hesuggestedthatwe(should)savemoneyforthefuture.
Theundergraduateinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth.
注意：當(dāng)suggest表示暗示，insist表示堅(jiān)持觀(guān)點(diǎn),事實(shí)時(shí)，后接的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)當(dāng)用真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣。
Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.
Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.
3.Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that從句(should)do
Itisproposedthatmorestudentsshouldgotouniversity.
4.Myadvice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+is+表語(yǔ)從句(should)do
MyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.
Theorderfromthecommanderwasthatthetroopsshouldsetoffforthefrontimmediately.
5.Hissuggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位語(yǔ)從句(should)do+is..
Therequestthattheyshouldgetmoreisreasonable.
6.Itisnatural/necessary/strange+that從句(should)do表驚奇、懷疑、惋惜、不滿(mǎn)、理應(yīng)如此等。
It’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.(表竟然)
Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.(表理應(yīng)如此)
Itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.(表驚訝、不滿(mǎn))
7.wish+thatclause(did/were與現(xiàn)在相反)
wish+thatclause(would/could/might+do與將來(lái)相反)
wish+thatclause(haddone與過(guò)去相反)
IwishIcouldgowiththemtomorrow.
IwishIhadnevermethim.
8.Itis(high/about)time+從句(did或shoulddo)
Itis(high/about)timewewenthome.
9.wouldrather+clause(did與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反);(haddone與過(guò)去相反)
Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.
Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldherthenews.
10.省去條件從句或主句：表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主句或從句有時(shí)可以省略，但其含義仍可以推知。
①省去條件從句
Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。
省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto")(事實(shí)是:你自己沒(méi)洗衣服，因?yàn)槟悴幌胂础?
②省去主句(常用以表示愿望)Ifonly+clause(did/were與現(xiàn)在相反)/(would/could/might+do與將來(lái)相反)/(haddone與過(guò)去相反)“要是…….就好了“
Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母與我在一起多好啊!(事實(shí)是:祖母已不在世。)
Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她沒(méi)走就好了!(事實(shí)是:她已經(jīng)走了。)
Ifonlyhewouldcometomorrow!
IfonlyIhadtakenheradvice!
IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger!
注意：onlyif是“只要”的意思，從句中用陳述語(yǔ)氣。

11.asif+clause(did/were與現(xiàn)在相反)/(would/could/might+do與將來(lái)相反)/(haddone與過(guò)去相反)
ShetreatsKateasifshewereherowndaughter.
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.
12.wouldlike/was/weretohavedonesomething
Iwouldliketohaveattendedtheparty,butoneofmyfriendscametoseeme.
13.butfor+名詞
Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.
14.注意虛擬條件從句的特殊形式
Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.
Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesunsheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.
15.注意轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)氣連詞引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehewouldhavescoredagoal.
ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsIshouldhavewrittenitdownforher.
Thecaptainkeptcalmintheterriblestorm,otherwisetheaccidentwouldnthavebeenprevented.
Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shemighthavesaidsomethingshewouldregretlater.
16.注意分詞和獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
Givenmorethantwohours,wecouldhavedonetheworkbetter.
Nothavingfinishedthework,hecouldnthaveseenthisfilm.

1.Whydidntyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I_____allthewayhere_____theheavysnow.
A.neednthavedriven;throughB.canthavedriven;across
C.mustnthavedriven;throughD.shouldnthavedriven;cross
2.—Mum,it’snoneofmybusiness.Why_____Icare?
—Justbecausesheisyoursister.
A.canB.shouldC.willD.may
3.—Ididn’tknowyouweregoodfriends.
—You_____.Ihaveknownhersinceshemovedhere.Youwerestudyingabroadthen.
A.mayhaveB.needn’thaveC.couldn’thaveD.musthave
4.—Theconcertwaswonderful!
—Really?HowIwishI______tothetheatrewithyouyesterday!
A.hadgoneB.mightgoC.wereabletogoD.wouldgo
5.Thetwostrangershavebeentalkingintheparkforalongtimeasthoughthey______oldfriends.
A.areB.shouldbeC.wereD.wouldbe
6.______theheavyrain,we______thetown.
A.Butfor;shouldhavereachedB.Becauseof;wouldhavereached
C.Duringtheperiodof;wewouldreachD.Inspiteof;weshouldhavereached
7.—IfWilliam_______,he_______thatgreenpeach.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalintime.
A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken
8.—IsitgoodtolookupeverynewwordwhenIcomeacrossitinreading?
—No.You______becauseyouarelikelytoguessthemeaningfromthecontext.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.don’thavetoD.oughtnotto
9.—______Iuseyourcomputertosendane-mail?
—Yes,you______.Butyoumustn’tkeepittoolong.I’llsurftheInternetaftersupper.
A.Could;couldB.Could;mustC.Can;canD.Could;can
10.Whenhelivedthere,he______gotothatbookshopatthecornerwithhisgirlfriendafterworkeveryday.
A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might
11.—Ihearyou’vegotasetofAustraliancoins.______Ihavealook?
—Yes,certainly.
A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should
12.—Whathappenedtotheyoungtreesweplantedlastweek?
—Thetrees______well,butIdidn’twaterthem.
A.mightgrowB.needn’thavegrownC.wouldgrowD.wouldhavegrown
13.What______hadBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank?
A.wouldhappenB.couldhappenC.wouldhavehappenedD.needn’thavehappened
14.Hurryup,Tom.It’shightimewe______tothetheater.
A.willB.shallC.aregoingtoD.went
15.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?
—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He______bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though.
A.mightB.mustC.canD.should
16.EventhoughI’dhurtmyleg,I______swimbacktotheriverbank.
A.couldB.mightC.hadtoD.wasableto
17.—Itisrathercoldhere.Shallwelightafire?
—No,we______becausethingsareeasytocatchfire.
A.won’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
18.—Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible?
—Iwouldhave,butI______sobusythen.
A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe
19.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe______thesewatchesand______free.
A.stole,setB.hadstolen,besetC.steal,besetD.hadstolen;mustbeset
20.I______youraddress,otherwiseI______youlongbefore.
A.hadforgotten,hadvisitedB.forgot,havevisited
C.forgot,wouldhavevisitedD.haveforgotten,wouldvisit
21.I______youabeautifulpresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime.
A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.wouldliketohaveboughtD.musthavebought
22.—Doyoufeellike________thereorshallwetakeabus?
—I’dliketowalk.Butsincethereisntmuchtimeleft,Idratherwe________ataxi.
A.walking,hireB.towalk,hireC.towalk,hiredD.walking,hired
23.—MissWhitehasdecidedtoexploreintheforestbyherself.
—She________askherboyfriendtoifshe________gowalkingintheforest.
A.needntto,darestohttp:/B.doesntneed,dares　C.neednotto,daretoD.neednt,dare
24.Hisfailureintheexamsuggestedthathe__________theteacher’sinstructions.
A.can’thavefollowedhttp:/B.needn’thavefollowed
C.mustn’thavefollowedD.shouldn’thavefollowed
25.I_________you,butIdidn’tthinkyouwouldlistentome.
A.couldhavetoldB.musthavetoldC.shouldtellD.mightrell
26.—MsLinlooksratherakindlady.
—Butinfactsheiscoldandhardonus.You_______believeit!http:/
A.shouldn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
27.Themanager’shealthwasgettingworseandworsebecauseofheavyburden，sothedoctorstrongly
recommendedthatheaholiday.
A.tookB.wouldtakeC.musttakeD.take
28.—It’ssocold!Whynotclosethedoor?
—Sorry.It.I’llhaveitrepairedsoon.
A.won’tshutB.won’tbeshutC.hasn’tshutD.isn’tshut
29.Iwouldn’tmarryPatevenifshethelastwomanonearth.
A.isB.wasC.hadbeenD.were
30.Manystudentswilltakepartintheschoolsportsmeetingthisweek,soshesuggestedthattheclassmeeting_______heldonSaturday.
A.notbeB.nottobeC.benotD.benotto
31.________theproblem,hewouldnthavecommittedthosemistakes.
A.IfheunderstoodB.HadheunderstoodC.WhenhehadunderstoodD.Ifhewouldunderstood
32.—Butthosearesize44.Youmightneedasmallersize.
—Yes,I______abitofweight.Ihavebeentryingtoloseweight!
A.willhavelostB.shouldhavelostC.mayhavelostD.can’tlose
33.—AreyougoingtoLloyd’sbirthdaypartyonFriday?
—Onlyifit______,hesaidhewashavingapicnicparty.
A.wouldn’trainB.doesn’trainC.won’trainD.hadn’trained
34.IfSanluGroup__________melaminetothemilk,thebabies________toomuchfromkidneystones.
A.didn’tadd;wouldnotsufferedB.hadn’tadded;wouldn’thavesuffered
C.hasn’tadded;wouldn’thavesufferedD.hadn’tadded;wouldhavesuffered
35.—Theresearchonthenewbirdfluvirusvaccineischallenginganddemanding.Whodoyouthinkcandothe
job?
—____mystudentshaveatry?
A.ShallB.WillC.CouldD.Should

1-5ABCAC6-10ABCDA11-15BDCDA16-20DCCBC
21-25CDDAA26-30BDADA31-35BCBBA

狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

高二英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣教案

虛擬語(yǔ)氣專(zhuān)練
1.——Didyousubmit(遞交）yourapplicationforaMaster’sdegree(碩士學(xué)位）？
——Notyet.IfI_____toseemyfather,Iwouldhave.”
A.didn’tgoB.haven’tgoneC.wouldn’thavegoneD.hadn’tgone
2.——Whydidn’tTomgiveyouoneofhispaintings?
——Ididn’twantone,buthewouldhavegivenmeoneifI____.
A.DoB.wouldC.willD.had
3.——Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthegaragedoor?
——No,ifhehad,Idon’tbelieve_____brokenthelivingroomwindow.
A.wouldhehaveB.hehadC.hewouldhaveD.hehas
4._______I’dhavetoldyou.
A.IfIwouldhaveknownitB.IfIhadhaveknownit
C.HadIknowitD.ShouldIknowit
5.I____comeyesterday,butIcouldn’t.
A.wastohaveB.mustC.oughtD.haveto
6.——Itisraining,andIhavenoumbrella.
——Here’smine,andIinsist____it.
A.youtotakeB.thatyoutakeC.thatyoutakingD.youtaking
7.Theprofessorgaveordersthatthetest____before5:30.
A.befinishedB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.shallfinish
8.Imustgothereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatI_____anhourbeforethediscussionbegins.
A.goB.shallgoC.willgoD.wouldgo
9.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI____there.
A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.went
10.Shespeaksasifshe____onthespot.
A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.is
11.IfI______tenyearsyounger,I_____veryhappy.
A.were,wouldbeB.am,shallbeC.were,shallbeD.am,wouldbe
12.——Youcanaskyourbrotherforhelp.
——Heisnotathome.Ifhe____,I_____.
A.is,wouldB.were,wouldC.is,willD.were,will
13.Ifyou____thedoctorsadvice,youwouldhavealreadyrecovered.
A.followB.followedC.wouldfollowD.hadfollowed
14.Ifhehadnotmissedthetrain,he_____bythen.
A.mightgetB.mighthavegotC.gotD.hadgot
15.Whatwouldyouhavedonelastnight,ifyou_____towriteyourhomework.
A.hadn’tB.haven’thadC.didn’thaveD.hadn’thad
16.——Didyoucatchtheplane?
——No.ifIhadhurried,I______.
A.wouldB.wouldhaveC.couldD.did
17.Whydidn’tyoutellhimthetruth?IfI_____you,Iwouldhave.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.amD.wouldbe
18.——Howdoyouliketheparty?
——Wonderful.Ifyouhadcomewithus,you____agoodtime.
A.hadB.hadhadC.wouldhaveD.wouldhavehad
19.IfI_____outofmyink,Iwouldhavefinishedwritingthepaper.
A.didn’trunB.shouldn’trunC.haven’trunD.hadn’trun
20.Ifyou_____earlytomorrowmorning,youwouldbetherebynoon.
A.havestartedB.werestartedC.weretostartD.hadstarted
21.——Didyouhandinyourapplicationforaleaguemember?
——Notyet.IfI_____toseemyfather,Iwouldhave.
A.didn’tgoB.haven’tgoneC.wouldn’thavegoneD.hadn’tgone
22.——Whydidn’tTomgiveyouoneofhispaintings?
——Ididn’twantone,buthewouldhavegivenmeoneifI_____.
A.doB.wouldC.willD.had
23.——Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthegaragedoor?
——No,ifhehad,Idon’tbelieve____brokenthelivingroomwindow.
A.wouldhehaveB.hehadC.hewouldhaveD.hehas
24.______I’dhavetoldyou.
A.IfIwouldhaveknownitB.IfIhadhaveknownit
C.HadIknownitD.shouldIknowit
25.I____comeyesterday,butIcouldn’t.
A.wastohaveB.mustC.oughtD.haveto
Keys:1-5DDCCA6-10BAACB11-15ABDBD
16-20BBDDC21-25DDCCA