高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法課教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2020-12-04高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法剖析---三種時(shí)態(tài)?。
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語(yǔ)法剖析---三種時(shí)態(tài)?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?
謂語(yǔ)形式?
(1)謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞be。?
(2)謂語(yǔ)是行為動(dòng)詞。?
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句中,如果主語(yǔ)是第三人稱時(shí),動(dòng)詞要進(jìn)行變化:?
①一般情況下,動(dòng)詞后面直接加-s。例如:works,gets,says,reads?
②以ch,sh,s,x或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在后面加-es。例如:goes,teaches,wases?
③以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把y變?yōu)閕再加-es。例如:studies,tries,carries?
用法?
用法
例句
表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作及現(xiàn)在存在的特征或狀態(tài);常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
Sheisoftenlateforschool.
Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.
表示客觀規(guī)律、正確事實(shí)或科學(xué)真理、格言及客觀存在。
Theearthmovesaroundthesun.
Failureisthemotherofsuccess.?
Allthelivingthingsontheearthdependonthesun.
表示主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、能力、性格或個(gè)性。
Theboyisalwaysreadytohelpothers.
HewritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.
表示計(jì)劃或安排要做的動(dòng)作(有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)),限于begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,move,stop,open,close,return等一類動(dòng)詞。
Theplanetakesoffatteno’clock.?
TheyleaveforShanghainextSunday.?
Thefilmstartsateighto’clockthisevening.
在有連詞if,unless,before,when,assoonas,once,however等引起的時(shí)間(條件、讓步)狀語(yǔ)從句,需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
Ifyouworkhard,you’llsucceedinpassingtheexam.??
We’llgooutforawalkassoonastherainstops.
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)還可用在戲劇、電影的劇本解說、體育比賽的解說以及圖片的說明等場(chǎng)合。
Tomcarriestheballtotheleft.?
Thepictureshowsushowtheybuiltthemotorwaylastyear.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?
構(gòu)成:動(dòng)詞原形-ing?
(1)一般情況在動(dòng)詞原形后加-ing。例如:go—going,stand—standing?
(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去掉e,再加-ing。例如:arrive—arriving?
(3)少數(shù)幾個(gè)以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,須將ie變成y,再加-ing。例如:die—dying lie—lying
(4)以元音+輔音結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié),雙寫輔音字母,再加-ing。例如:stop—stopping?
用法?
用法
例句
表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。
Tomisplayingbasketballnow.?
Wearewaitingforyou.
表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。
MrGreeniswritinganothernovel.?
SheislearningpianounderMrSmith.
與always,constantly,forever等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩,如贊嘆或厭惡等。
Sheisalwayschanginghermind.(表示厭煩)
Youshouldnotbeconstantlymakingthesamemistake.
表示在最近計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常限于go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,stay,do,have,wear等表移動(dòng)、方向的詞。
Wearestartingtheworkinafewdays.?
Myfriendsarecomingtoseemetomorrow.
Theplaneistakingoffinafewminutes.
一般將來(lái)時(shí)?
構(gòu)成
用法
例句
shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形
表示單純的將來(lái);必然的將來(lái);表示意愿、決心
Weshallknowmoreandmoreastimegoeson.
Nooneknowswhatwillhappeninthefuture.
Iwillexplainitonceagainifyoulistentome.
begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形
表示計(jì)劃、打算;表示客觀跡象
Whatareyougoingtobeinthefuture?
Look!Thecloudsaregathering.Itisgoingtorain.
beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形
表示即將或正要去做……,不與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但可和when從句連用。
Iamabouttogotothecinema.
Thetrainisabouttoleave.
beto+動(dòng)詞?原形
表示預(yù)定要做……;(表命令、禁止)應(yīng)該……
Allthesearetobeansweredfor!
Youarenottosmokeinthemeeting-room.
bedoing
表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng),常限用于go,come,start,leave,reach,arrive,return,move等位移動(dòng)詞。
TheyareleavingforShanghainextweek.
Whenareyougoingabroad?
相關(guān)知識(shí)
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法專題
天津一中名師英語(yǔ)教案:高考語(yǔ)法
第一部分英語(yǔ)基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)
主+謂結(jié)構(gòu)Westudyforthebenefitofourcountry.
主+謂+賓結(jié)構(gòu)Weshouldhelpeachotherandcareforeachother.
主+系+表結(jié)構(gòu)Wegotlostinthewoods.Hebecameangry.Hemadeanartist.
主+謂+賓+賓結(jié)構(gòu)
Igavehimabooktheotherday.
Hewasgivenabooktheotherday.
We’dbettermaketeaforhimbeforehand.
Hepromisedmetocomeearlier.
Heexplainedtousthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.
Theymusthavemadefulluseoftheirsparetimetostudy.
(Fullusemusthavebeenmadeoftheirsparetimetostudy.)
(Theirsparetimemusthavebeenmadefulluseoftostudy.)
主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
Wemadehimmonitorofourclass.
Hesleptwiththewindowopen.
HowcanIstudywiththemusicon?
Welastfoundhiminthehut.
Wesawhimenteringtheroom.
HowcanIstudywiththemusicplayedoneveryday?
(HowcanIstudywiththemusicbeingplayedoneveryday?)
Thisisthefirstvolumeofhebook,withthesecondtocomeoutnextmonth.
Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)
Thereusedtobeapinetreeinfrontofthemountain.
Therehappenedtobeastormtheotherday.
祈使結(jié)構(gòu)
Women,carryingbabies,getonthebusfirst.
---Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday.
---Whyme?
倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
Hetoldmeneveroncehadheseensuchabetterresult.
---Haveyoureadbothofthisnovelsrecently?
---No.NeithershallIread.
SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanwithgreatachievements.
Sobravedidhelookthathescaredtheenemytodeath.
Soharddidheworkthathewontheprizefinally.
Atnotimeshallweusenuclearweaponsfirst.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)
Whatwasitthatmadehimupsettheotherday?
HedoesgetupveryearlyeverySunday.
省略結(jié)構(gòu)
Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.
Neverspeakuntilaskedto.
Hedidn’tcometothemeeting,butweallthoughheshouldhave
感嘆結(jié)構(gòu)
YoucanhardlyimaginehowworriedIwasatthattime.
Whatfun(itis)tojumpintoapoolonahotsummerday!
主謂主補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
Shelayinbed,awake.
Heleftabeggarandreturnedamillionaire.
第二部分高考英語(yǔ)句子整體認(rèn)知部分
并列句
英語(yǔ)并列句連接詞:(并列連詞務(wù)必要放在句中來(lái)使用)
andbut(andyet)yetandthenotherwiseor(orelse)so
neither…noreither…orboth…and…notonly…butalso
whether…or
forwhenwhile
主從復(fù)合句
主從復(fù)合句連接詞
1.名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)
that(無(wú)中文意思,無(wú)語(yǔ)法功能)
whether/if,asif/asthoughbecause(有中文意思,但無(wú)語(yǔ)法功能)
whowhomwhosewhichwhenwherewhy
how(howmany…)howoftenhowsoonhowlong(所有含有w/h引導(dǎo)的從句均為從句連接詞)
w/h-ever(用在名詞性從句中表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用)
2.定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞(限定性與非限定性;定整體與定部分的認(rèn)知)
whichwhothatwhomwhosewhenwhere(介詞+which)
名詞+of+which
which/as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句
3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
whenwhileas
assoonas(themomenttheminutetheseconddirectlyimmediatelyHardlyhad…when
Nosoonerhad…thanScarcelyhad…then)
beforesinceuntiljustas
aftertillonce
eachtimeeverytimethefirsttimethelasttimetheyear(名詞作為連詞)
4.原因狀語(yǔ)從句
becausesinceasnowthatseeingthatconsidering
when(既然)
5.條件狀語(yǔ)從句
ifunlessprovided(providing)supposing
Suppose(that)(大寫放在句首使用)onconditionthat
aslongassolongasincase(that)once
6.目的狀語(yǔ)從句
sothat(后面有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/couldmay/might)inorderthat
7.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
so…thatsuch…thatsothat(后面無(wú)任何情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)
8.方式狀語(yǔ)從句
asjustas(in)theway
asif/asthough(后面根據(jù)句子邏輯采用虛擬或非虛擬)
9.比較狀語(yǔ)從句
as…asnotso…asthan
倍數(shù)比較的各種句型
10.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
wherewherever
11.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
althoughthoughnomatter+w/hw/h-ever
whether…or…
while
as(倒裝)
evenif/eventhough(根據(jù)句子邏輯采用虛擬或者非虛擬)
高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題
古人云,工欲善其事,必先利其器。作為教師準(zhǔn)備好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以讓學(xué)生更好地進(jìn)入課堂環(huán)境中來(lái),幫助教師更好的完成實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)。那么如何寫好我們的教案呢?小編收集并整理了“高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題”,僅供參考,歡迎大家閱讀。
定語(yǔ)從句
一、基本概念:
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。如:
Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingjustnow?
Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.
注意:
(1)定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞;
(2)定語(yǔ)從句一般用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo),關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作從句中的一個(gè)成分。
(3)★引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as
★關(guān)系副詞有:when,where,why.
二、關(guān)系詞的用法:
(一)關(guān)系代詞的用法:
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等句子成分。
指代對(duì)象
在從句中所做的成分
人
物
人+物
可否省略
主語(yǔ)
who/that
which/that
that
不可
賓語(yǔ)
who/whom/that
which/that
that
可
表語(yǔ)
that
that
that
可
定語(yǔ)
whose/ofwhom
whose/ofwhich不可
ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.
Thebookwhich/thatIamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.
Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.
Thisistheroomthat/whichShakespearewasbornin.
注:在非正式文體中,用于指人的關(guān)系代詞whowhom,that通??梢允÷?,但在正式文體中通常用whom,不可省略;用于指物的關(guān)系代詞which和that在非正式文體中也通常省略,但在正式文體中一般不省略。
1.★作定語(yǔ)用whose=the+n+ofofwhich
=ofwhichthe+n
(a)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.
(b)ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.
注意:“介詞+whose+名詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如:
Ilovemymotherland,forwhosegoodfutureIwillworkhard.
門是藍(lán)色的那間房是我的。2.★作表語(yǔ)只用that,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但時(shí)常省略。如:
Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.
Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.
3、★as在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法:::as可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
(1).as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,有“正如,就像”之意。它在從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。例
Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.
(2)as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句多與such、so或thesame連用,它可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。
Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.
Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.
(3).as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的位置
as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置較靈活,可以位于主句前面、中間或后面,一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開,但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般只能放在主句之后。例如:
Ashadbeenexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.
Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknowntoeveryone.
注意:★thesame…that與thesame…as在意思上是不同的。例如:
ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.
這個(gè)書包和我昨天丟的相似。(相似物)
ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.
這正是我昨天丟的那個(gè)書包。(同一物)
(二)關(guān)系副詞的用法:
1.when指時(shí)間,在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),它的先行詞通常有:time,day,morning,night,week,year等。
DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?
注:when時(shí)常可以省略,特別是在某些句型和某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中。如:
Eachtimehecame,hedidhisbesttohelpus.
Buthelpneverstoppedcomingfromthedayshefellill.
2.where指地點(diǎn),在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。它的先行詞通常有:place,spot,street,house,room,city等,
Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.
IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.
3.why指原因或理由,它的先行詞只有reason。如:
Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.
(三)使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn):
1.這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu):
when=on(in,at,during…)+which;
where=in(at,on…)+which;
why=forwhich.如:
IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.
Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.
Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.
2.★當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time,day等和表地點(diǎn)的place,house等時(shí),一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu),如果缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that,缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí),才能用when或where試比較:
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.
I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.
Hisfatherworksinafactorywhereradiopartsaremade.
Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.
3.when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。而why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。4.★as和which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
有時(shí),非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的不是某一個(gè)詞,而是整個(gè)主句或是主句中的一個(gè)部分,這時(shí)一般采用which或as來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如:
Hepassedtheexam,which/ashehopedhewould.
(1)as引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前,而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。
Theyarehollow,whichmakesthemverylight.
Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.
(2)從意義上講,which指前面主句的內(nèi)容;而as指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識(shí)性的東西,因此常譯成“就象……那樣”。
(3)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句表示積極的意義,與主句是順理成章的關(guān)系,絕不能與之矛盾。若非限制性定語(yǔ)從句表示消極的意義,則只用which。如:
Hehassucceededinhiscareer,as/whichweallhope.他在事業(yè)中成功了,這正是我們大家所希
Hergrandmadiedlastweek,whichmadeherverysad.她的奶奶逝世了,這使得她很悲傷。
(4)當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞前面有介詞時(shí),只能用which,而不可用as。如:
Hehasanewcomputer,forwhichhepaidnearlytenthousandYuan.
(5)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞代替主句中的賓語(yǔ)從句或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(如:賓+補(bǔ);不定式短語(yǔ);動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)等)時(shí),一般只能用which,而不用as。如:
Shetoldusthattherewassomethingwrongwithherbike,whichwastrue。
HeaskedhertohelphimwithhisEnglish,whichshedid.
(6)關(guān)系代詞僅代表主句中的謂語(yǔ)部分時(shí),從句中謂語(yǔ)部分被省略而只保留情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式或助動(dòng)詞否定式,引導(dǎo)詞一般只用which,而不用as。如:
HespeaksEnglishveryfluently,whichIcan’t.
(7)關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)修飾后面的名詞時(shí),一般只用which,而不用as。如:
Hesuggestedgoingswimmingintheriver,whichideaweagreedwith.
(8)關(guān)系代詞僅代表主句中單個(gè)的名詞時(shí),一般只用which,而不用as。如:
Hesentmeabeautifulpresent,whichIvaluedverymuch.
(9)as在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,還常跟such連用。如:
Therewasalookofloveintheteacher’seyes,suchasmothershavefortheirchildren.老師眼里流露出對(duì)他喜愛的神情,就好像母親對(duì)孩子的喜愛。
(10)as常用于一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:
asiswellknown/asweallknow眾所周知;
asissaidabove正如上面所說;
asmightbeimagined正像所想象的那樣;
asisreported如報(bào)道所說;
ashasbeenpointed如所指出的那樣;
asisexpected正如所料。
5.在正式文體中,以theway為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常以inwhich或that引導(dǎo),如:
Thewayinwhichyouansweredthequestionswasadmirable.
但在非正式文體中,人們通常省略inwhich或that:
Theway(inwhich)hespoketouswassuspicious.
Idon’tliketheway(that)youlaughather.四.關(guān)系詞的選擇
1.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ),只能用who指人,which指物;關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ),常用whom(口語(yǔ)中有時(shí)用who)指人,which指物,它們都不能用that代替。
2.關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ),不論是在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,還是在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí),只能用whom指人,which指物;但如果介詞后置,則不受這種限制,關(guān)系代詞還可以省去,特別是在口語(yǔ)中。如:
Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?
Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?
Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.
3.★在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí),關(guān)系詞可用which或that,二者??梢曰Q;但在下列情況中,只能用that,不用which:
(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,alot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等詞時(shí)。如:Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(2)當(dāng)先行詞被all,anyno,much,little,few,every等限定詞所修飾時(shí)。如:
Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.
(3)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如:
Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.
WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.
(4)當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,以及先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容
詞最高級(jí)同時(shí)修飾時(shí),如:
That’sthemostexpensivehotelthatwe’veeverstayedin.
ThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveeverread.
(5)當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修飾時(shí)。如:
ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.
(6)當(dāng)先行詞為指人和指物的兩個(gè)并列名詞詞組時(shí)。如:
TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.
Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.
(7)當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。如:
Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?
4.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí),關(guān)系詞可用who(m)或that,二者??苫Q。
但在下列情況中,用who(m),而不用that:
(1)當(dāng)先行詞是one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,
everybody等詞時(shí)。如:
Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?
Hewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.
注:在非正式文體中可以說:You’retheonethatknowswheretogo.)
(2)當(dāng)先行詞是he,they,those,people,person等詞時(shí)。如:
Hewhowantstocatchfishjustnotmindgettingwet.
Thosewhoareagainsttheproposalputupyourhands.
注:在固定結(jié)構(gòu)的諺語(yǔ)或習(xí)語(yǔ)中,可用hethat…。如:
Hethatpromisestoomuchmeansnothing.
(3)當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)。如:
Doyouknowthewriterinbluewiththickglasseswhoisspeakingatthemeeting?
(4)在分隔式定語(yǔ)從句中,若先行詞指人,為了明確修飾關(guān)系,應(yīng)當(dāng)用who(m)。如:
AnewmasterwillcametomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.
There’sonlyonestudentintheschoolwho/whomIwantedtosee.
Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.
(5)兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)指人的先行詞,第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句常用who(m)來(lái)引導(dǎo),如:
SheistheonlygirlIknowwhocanplaytheguitar.
5.★在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí),在下列情況中,一般用關(guān)系詞that:
(1)當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。如:
Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
Whichofusthatknowsanythingdoesnotknowthis?
(2)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如:
Heisthegreatestmanthathaseverlived.
(3)當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast等詞所修飾時(shí)。如:
Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.
6.當(dāng)先行詞被thesame所修飾時(shí),關(guān)系詞既可以用as,也可以用that。在表示具體事物時(shí),有時(shí)兩者有一定的區(qū)別。一般說來(lái),表示同一種類多用as,表示同一事物多用that。
如:ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.這就是我昨天用過的那臺(tái)儀器。
ThisisthesameinstrumentasIusedyesterday.這臺(tái)儀器跟我昨天用過的那臺(tái)一樣。
7.當(dāng)先行詞前有such,so,as時(shí),關(guān)系詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用as。如:
Awisemanseldomtalksaboutsuchthingsashedoesn’tunderstand.
HespokeinsucheasyEnglishaseverybodycouldunderstand.
Atthistimeoftheday,allbusesandtrolleyshavetocarryasmanypassengersastheycan.
Itissoeasyabookaseveryschoolboycanread.
Let’sdiscusssuchthingsaswecantalkoffreely.
注意的問題:★★★
1、theonlyoneof+n+定語(yǔ)從句(用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)
oneof+the+n+定語(yǔ)從句(用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞)
2、such……as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句與such……that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand.
ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstandit.
3、當(dāng)situation,condition,stage,point,scenes做先行詞時(shí),用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
4、when的先行詞通常是time,day,season,age,occasion等時(shí)間名詞
Thereareoccasionswhen(=onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
5、where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestion.(從句:)
Pleasemakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestion.(從句:)
6、theway做先行詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞的選擇應(yīng)根據(jù)theway在定語(yǔ)從句中所做的成分來(lái)決定
Idon’tliketheway_______heistreated
Theway___________youthoughtoftosolvetheproblemisveryuseful
Pleasefindaway_________isthekeytosolvingtheproblem
7、thereason做先行詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞的選擇應(yīng)根據(jù)thereason在定語(yǔ)從句中所做的成分來(lái)決定
Thereason_____IwaslatewasthatIwascaughtinatrafficjam
Idon’tbelievethereason_________hegaveforhisbeinglate
8、介詞+which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中介詞的選擇:9.在下列情況下,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。
(1)定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是few,little,some,most,many,much等時(shí),一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。
Intheroomarelotsofpeople,manyofwhomIdon’tknow.
Hehasalotofstory-books,afewofwhichIhaveneverread.
(2)定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)時(shí),一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如:
Theoldmanhasthreechildren,twoofwhomarecollegestudentsandoneofwhomisamanager.那個(gè)老人有三個(gè)小孩,其中兩個(gè)是大學(xué)生,另一個(gè)是經(jīng)理。
(3)定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是all,none,both,neither,each等不定代詞時(shí),一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.
Heplantedtwotreeslastyear,bothofwhicharegrowingwell.
(4)在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí),一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如:
Hehasthreebrothers,ofwhomLiLeiistheyoungestone.
TherearemanycountriesinAsia,ofwhichChinaisthelargestone.
10、表示部分與整體ofwhich/whom
在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,★表示“部分與整體”的關(guān)系時(shí),用…ofwhich/whom或者ofwhich/whom…都可以。表示部分的可以是具體數(shù)目或百分?jǐn)?shù),也可以是few,several,some,half,many,much,most,all,none,either,neither,aquarter,anumber,thelarger,thesmallest,themajority等。
Ourschoolhas80teachers,50ofwhom(=ofwhom50)arewomen.
Hehaslotsofbooks,mostofwhichareEnglishones.
注意這里的ofwhich不能用whose代替,這與表示所屬關(guān)系的ofwhich不同:
Theroomthedoorofwhich(=whosedoor)isbluebelongstome.
11、注意:先行詞雖然是時(shí)間或地點(diǎn),但若在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要用關(guān)系代詞。
(1)Thefactorywherehisfatherworkedhasclosed.(作狀語(yǔ))
比較:Thefactorywhich/thatwasbuiltin1978hasclosed.
(2)I’llneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogether.(作狀語(yǔ))
比較:I’llneverforgetthedays(that)wespentinAustralia.(作及物動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ))
(3)Thereason(why)shewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.(作狀語(yǔ),用關(guān)系副詞)
比較:Thereason(that)hegaveforhisabsencewasobviouslyfabricated.(作gave的賓語(yǔ),用關(guān)系代詞)
12、★關(guān)系詞的選擇方法
(1)一看先行詞的意義
即分清先行詞是指人、指物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)還是原因,如指物時(shí)不能用who或whom,指人時(shí)通常不用which等。
(2)二看關(guān)系詞的句法功能
即分清關(guān)系詞是擔(dān)任什么句子成分,是作主語(yǔ)還是賓語(yǔ)、是作定語(yǔ)還是狀語(yǔ)等,
如作定語(yǔ)通常用whose,有時(shí)也用which;作狀語(yǔ)要用when,where,why。
注意,不要一看到先行詞為表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞,就認(rèn)為一定要用when,where,why來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,要注意分清它們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)什么成分。如
Iforgetthetimewhenhewillcome.(when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在定語(yǔ)從句中用作狀語(yǔ))
Iforgetthetimethathetoldme.我忘記了他告訴我的時(shí)間。(that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在定語(yǔ)從句中用作賓語(yǔ))
Thereasonwhyhecan’tcomeisthatheisill.
他不能來(lái)的原因是他病了。(why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在定語(yǔ)從句中用作狀語(yǔ))
Thereasonthathetoldmeisnottrue.
他告訴我的原因不真實(shí)。(that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在定語(yǔ)從句中用作賓語(yǔ))
(3)三看定語(yǔ)從句的種類
即分清是限制性定語(yǔ)從句還是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,如that和why通常不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。注意,不要一看到逗號(hào)就認(rèn)為是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如:
Ifyou’vereallysaidthattoher,_______willcauserealtrouble.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.what
此題答案是A,不是B。盡管空格前有逗號(hào),但這并不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,所以不能填which。正確的理解是:Ifyou’vereallysaidthattoher是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,逗號(hào)后的句子是主句,空格處填that用作主句主語(yǔ)
12、★關(guān)系代詞做定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與先行詞一致。
Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman
13、★定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別的訣竅:
★若將Itiswasthatwho去掉而句中不缺成分,結(jié)構(gòu)完整,說明原句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。若結(jié)構(gòu)不完整,說明原句為定語(yǔ)從句。
Itwasnotuntil1920_______regularradiobroadcastsbegan.
14、定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:
定語(yǔ)從句50題
1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildrensPalace.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
2.Doyouknowtheman_______?
A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke
3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.
A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed
C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed
4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
5.Thatistheday______Illneverforget.
A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when
6.Thefactory______wellvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.
A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown
C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked
9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?
A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked
C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked
10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.
A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich
11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.
A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that
12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.
A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom
13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?
A.whoB.whosC.whichD.whose
14.Iminterestedin______youhavesaid.
A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which
15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as
16.Heisntsuchaman______heusedtobe.
A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as
17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.
A.thatB.asC.whomD.what
18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.
A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim
19.Idontlike______asyouread.
A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels
20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who
22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.
A.themB.whichC.whomD.who
23.Youretheonlyperson______Iveevermet______coulddoit.
A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who
24.Ilostabook,______Icantremembernow.
A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat
25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.
A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what
26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.
A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when
28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.
A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./
29.Thisisthereason______hedidntcometothemeeting.
A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich
30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.
A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafter
C.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter
31.Thereason______hedidntcomewas______hewasill.
A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what
32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.
A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who
33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.
A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich
34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.
A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich
35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.
A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which
36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it
37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.
A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich
38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as
39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.
A./B.whyC.whenD.whose
40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.
A.thatB.whichC.itD.though
41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?
---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.
A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that
42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwith
thefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which
43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.
A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are
44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.
A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed
45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?
A.thatB./C.whichD.it
46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.
A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that
47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?
A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere
48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.
A.asB.thatC.whatD.who
49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.
A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich
50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.
A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen參考答案及解析
1.A.which用作關(guān)系代詞,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。
2.C."和誰(shuí)講話”要說speaktosb.本題全句應(yīng)為DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是關(guān)系代詞,作介詞to的賓語(yǔ),可以省略。
3.D.where是關(guān)系副詞,表示地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
4.C.when是關(guān)系副詞,表示時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
5.A.which是關(guān)系代詞,在從句中作forget的賓語(yǔ)。其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作賓語(yǔ)。
6.C.解析同第5題。
7.A.解析見第3題。
8.A.本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此,關(guān)系代詞that是負(fù)數(shù)概念,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the,則theone應(yīng)該視為先行詞。
9.A.“談到某事物”應(yīng)說talkaboutsth.。about是介詞,其后要用which作賓語(yǔ),不能用that。
10.A.withwhich是"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu),常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.with有"用"的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ),即heiswritingwithapen.
11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在從句中作狀語(yǔ).
12.D.withwhom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.withwhom放在從句中即為:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.
13.D.whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ)family的定語(yǔ).
14.A.that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)橄刃性~是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).
15.D.thesame……..as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可以作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ).在本句話中,as作從句的主語(yǔ).
16.D.such………as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可以作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ).在本題中,as作表語(yǔ).
17.B.as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨(dú)用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。這時(shí)as所指代的不是主句中某個(gè)名詞,而往往指代整個(gè)主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。從句可放在主句后,也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語(yǔ).
18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定語(yǔ)從句.withwhom放在從句中為:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.
19.C.as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配,其中such和same修飾其后的名詞,as為關(guān)系代詞,指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。as在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí),要用sucha……..,本題中suchbooks,such直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.
20.B.things和persons是先行詞.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時(shí),其關(guān)系代詞要用that.
21.D.who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,who作從句的主語(yǔ).
22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.
23.D.先行詞person后有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因?yàn)?whom作從句中met的賓語(yǔ),可以省略.第二個(gè)從句whocoulddoit.who在從句中作主語(yǔ),不可省略.
24.A.whosetitle引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,whosetitle也可以說成thetitleofwhich
25.A.forwhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,使用介詞for,是來(lái)自于從句中的固定短語(yǔ)befamousfor"以……..而聞名".
26.C.當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞要用as.As在本從句中作主語(yǔ).
27.A.兩個(gè)先行詞theday都是表示時(shí)間的名詞,但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),因此要用關(guān)系副詞when.第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ),因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.
28.D.在way、distance、direction等詞后的定語(yǔ)從句中,常用that來(lái)代替“in(或其他介詞)+which”、when或where,而that??墒÷?。
29.D.forwhich在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),可用why來(lái)替代.
30.B.whichIhavelookedafter構(gòu)成一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.
31.A.Thereasonwhy…wasthat….已成為一種固定句型,這一句中的why和that不能隨意換位,也不能將that改成because,盡管that這個(gè)詞在譯文中可能有“因?yàn)椤钡暮x。
32.B.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用which引導(dǎo),which表示前句話的整個(gè)含義.
33.A.解釋見28題.
34.D.主句中的two表明不能選A.從句中的are表明不能選B.bothofwhich用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.
35.C.as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配,其中such和same修飾其后的名詞,as為關(guān)系代詞,指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。as在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。本題中as作從句的主語(yǔ).
36.B.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用which引導(dǎo),which表示前句話的整個(gè)含義.
37.D.
38.D.解析見35題.
39.A.hemakes是定語(yǔ)從句,從句前省略了關(guān)系代詞that.
40.B.whichisabadhabit非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.
41.A.whathappened是賓語(yǔ)從句.all之后thatheknew是定語(yǔ)從句.先行詞是all,所以關(guān)系代詞只能用that.
42.D.years是表示時(shí)間的名詞,用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,是因?yàn)閣hen在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).第二個(gè)空選用which,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.
43.C.本句話的定語(yǔ)從句是whoowncars.其先行詞是people,因此,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)的own。本句話主句的主語(yǔ)是Thenumberof指“…..的數(shù)目”,是單數(shù)概念。因此,主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用is。
44.D.thatfollowed是定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語(yǔ)。
45.A.先行詞gas被only修飾,關(guān)系代詞要用that,而不用which。
46.B.throughwhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,throughwhich即throughthehole,在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。What引導(dǎo)的是see的賓語(yǔ)從句,并作從句的主語(yǔ)。
47.B.為便于理解,改寫本句話:ThisistheschoolthatsomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek.不難看出,作表語(yǔ)的theschool是先行詞。that引導(dǎo)了定語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)閠hat同時(shí)又作visited的賓語(yǔ),所以被省略了。其它選項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)不對(duì)。
48.A.解釋見35題。
49.C.因?yàn)槭莟woballpens,并且定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)writes是單數(shù)概念。因此,C是正確選項(xiàng)。
50.B.本句話中,主句的主語(yǔ)是all,為抽象概念。因此,其謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)的hasbeen。關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法冠詞專題知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)
作為優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)工作者,在教學(xué)時(shí)能夠胸有成竹,教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案,這是教師的任務(wù)之一。教案可以讓學(xué)生們充分體會(huì)到學(xué)習(xí)的快樂,減輕教師們?cè)诮虒W(xué)時(shí)的教學(xué)壓力。教案的內(nèi)容具體要怎樣寫呢?下面是由小編為大家整理的“高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法冠詞專題知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)”,僅供參考,歡迎大家閱讀。
(原創(chuàng)精品)普通高考英語(yǔ)科語(yǔ)法知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)
專題01冠詞
冠詞分為不定冠詞(a,an),定冠詞(the),和零冠詞。
I.不定冠詞的用法
1
指一類人或事,相當(dāng)于akindof
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
2
第一次提及某人某物,非特指
Aboyiswaitingforyou.有個(gè)男孩在等你。
3
表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every,one
Westudyeighthoursaday.
4
表示“相同”相當(dāng)于thesame
Wearenearlyofanage.
5
用于人名前,表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事
—Hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?
—Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisnt______Mr.Smithhere.
A.不填B.aC.theD.one
ThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.(活雷鋒)
6
用于固定詞組中
acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime
7
用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后
Thisroomisratherabigone.
8
用于so(as,too,how)+形容詞之后
Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.
9
用于抽象名詞具體化的名詞前
success(抽象名詞)→asuccess(具體化)成功的人或事
afailure失敗的人或事ashame帶來(lái)恥辱的人或事
apity可惜或遺憾的事amust必需必備的事
agoodknowledgeof精通掌握某一方面的知識(shí)
II.定冠詞的用法
1
表示某一類人或物
InmanyplacesinChina,___bicycleisstill___popularmeansoftransportation.
A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD.the;the
2
用于世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前
theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean
3
表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事
Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?
4
用于演奏樂器
playtheviolin,playtheguitar
5
用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人
thereach,theliving,thewounded
6
表示“一家人”或“夫婦”(對(duì)比上文的不定冠詞用法5)
—Couldyoutellmethewayto____Johnsons,please?
—Sorry,wedon’thave____Johnsonhereinthevillage.
A.the;theB.the;aC./;theD.the;/
7
用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前
Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.
8
用于國(guó)家黨派等以及江河湖海,山川群島的名詞前
theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench
9
用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前
ThecompasswasinventedinChina.
10
在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前,指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代
inthe1990’s(二十世紀(jì)九十年代)
11
用于表示度量單位的名詞前
Ihiredthecarbythehour.
12
用于方位名詞,身體部位名詞
Hepattedmeontheshoulder.
III.不用冠詞(又名零冠詞)的用法
1
專有名詞,物質(zhì)名詞,抽象名詞,人名地名等名詞前
BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air
2
名詞前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制
Iwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?
3
季節(jié),月份,星期,節(jié)假日,一日三餐前
March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring
4
表示職位,身份,頭銜的名詞前
LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.
5
表示球類,棋類等運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前
Helikesplayingfootball/chess.
6
與by連用表示交通方式的名詞前
Wewentrightroundtothewestcoastby______seainsteadofdrivingacross______continent.
A.the;theB.不填;theC.the;不填D.不填;不填
7
以and連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)
husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight
8
表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前
Horsesareusefulanimals.
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)句型整理
作為優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)工作者,在教學(xué)時(shí)能夠胸有成竹,作為教師就要在上課前做好適合自己的教案。教案可以讓學(xué)生更好的吸收課堂上所講的知識(shí)點(diǎn),幫助教師掌握上課時(shí)的教學(xué)節(jié)奏。教案的內(nèi)容具體要怎樣寫呢?下面是小編精心收集整理,為您帶來(lái)的《高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)句型整理》,歡迎您參考,希望對(duì)您有所助益!
句型整理:
一.形式主語(yǔ)/形式賓語(yǔ)句型
1.Itispossibleimportant/necessary/difficult(forsb.)+todo
2.Itisimportant/necessary/difficultthatsb.(should)dosth.
3.Itisashame/ourduty/myhonortodo
4.Itisnouse/gooddoing…
5.Itistrue/evident/clear/obvious/certainthat..
6.Itissaid/reportedthat…據(jù)說/報(bào)道…
7.Itisthought/believedthat…認(rèn)為…
8.Itissuggested/insistedthatsb.(should)do…人們建議/要求..
9.Sbthink/believe/find/makeitpossible/arule/aduty…+todo
10.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型(It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that…)
11.Itis/wasnotuntil…that…
12.Itis/was(high)timethatsb.didsth.是做…的時(shí)候了
13.Itis/was(high)timethatsb.(should)do
14.Itis/wastime(forsb.)todo
15.Itisthefirst/second…timethatsb.has/havedonesth.
16.Itwasthefirst/second…timethatsb.haddonesth.
翻譯下列句子
對(duì)青少年學(xué)而言有必要學(xué)一門外語(yǔ).(adolescent)
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他放棄這份工作是很愚蠢的。(Itisfoolishof…)
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有你幫我忙真好。(Itiskindof…)
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勸他戒煙是沒用的。(Itisnousedoing)
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為潑灑的牛奶哭泣是沒用的。(覆水難收)
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很多人認(rèn)為常規(guī)運(yùn)動(dòng)是有益的。(it作形式賓語(yǔ);beneficial)
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被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@兒演講是我的榮幸。(it作形式賓語(yǔ))
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的確抽煙有害健康。(Itistruethat…)
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建議我們應(yīng)該竭盡全力學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。(Itissuggestedthat…;sparenoeffort)
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直到我告訴他我的名字他才認(rèn)出我來(lái)。(not…until;recognize)
HedidnotrecognizemeuntilItoldhimmyname.(1.改為倒裝結(jié);2.改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
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該是我們保護(hù)環(huán)境的時(shí)候了。
Itwas+時(shí)間段+before+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)“過了多久,才…”,如:
Itwasthreehoursbeforehegotthere.
Itwillbe+時(shí)間段+before+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)“多久后,將…”,如:
Itwillbethreeyearsbeforewemeetagain.三年后我們?cè)傧嘁姟?br>
Itis/hasbeen+since+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式“自從…以來(lái),已多久了”,如:
Itisthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他入伍已三年了。
我感冒已四天了。
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自從我們上次見面以來(lái)已過了兩周。
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五年之后他就會(huì)再見你的。
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很久以后我們才會(huì)再見面。
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過不了多久我們的希望就會(huì)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。
過了3年,我們才再次見面。
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參考答案
1.Itis/hasbeenfourdayssinceIcaughtacold.
2.Itis/hasbeentwoweekssincewemetlast.
3.Itwillbefiveyearsbeforehemeetsyouagain.
4.Itwillbelongbeforewemeetagain.
5.Itwillnotbelongbeforeweturnourhopeintoreality.
6.Itwas3yearbeforewefinallymetagain.