小學(xué)英語語法優(yōu)秀教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2020-11-26高考英語語法介詞及介詞短語專題復(fù)習(xí)。
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高三英語語法要點(diǎn)精講(配最新高考+模擬)
專題03介詞及介詞短語
介詞主要考查近義詞的用法區(qū)別、介詞的特定含義、介詞和連詞易混淆的項(xiàng)目、介詞的固定用法等,在和全國(guó)各地高考試題中,都涉及到介詞的考查,不僅在單項(xiàng)填空中進(jìn)行考查,在短文改錯(cuò)題中,對(duì)于介詞的有無、介詞與其他詞的固定搭配的考查尤為頻繁。筆者認(rèn)為因?yàn)榻樵~的用法非常普遍,它關(guān)系到句子的上下銜接,所以以后的高考題介詞仍然是一個(gè)考查熱點(diǎn)。
高考研究介詞是英語中比較活躍的詞,中學(xué)階段所學(xué)的介詞有40多個(gè)。它與名詞、形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞等構(gòu)成搭配時(shí)用法靈活,意義豐富。搭配比較活躍的介詞主要有in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。預(yù)測(cè)今后高考介詞的考查將以介詞的固定短語和介詞辨析為主。在學(xué)習(xí)介詞時(shí),應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握介詞的基本用法,同時(shí)注意總結(jié)其與名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等搭配構(gòu)成的短語的意思和用法。
介詞又叫前置詞,是一種虛詞。
1.介詞可按其構(gòu)成分為:
(1)簡(jiǎn)單介詞,即一個(gè)介詞,如about,at,in,of,since等。
(2)復(fù)合介詞,由兩個(gè)介詞組成,如asfor,asto,outof等。?
(3)二重介詞,由兩個(gè)介詞搭配而成,但沒有復(fù)合介詞那樣固定,如fromunder,frombehind,untilafter,exceptin等。?
(4)短語介詞,由短語構(gòu)成,如?according?to,becauseof,inspiteof,onbehalfof,withreferenceto等。?
(5)分詞介詞,由現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成,如regarding,concerning,including等。
2.介詞還可按其詞義分為下列常見的幾種:
(1)表地點(diǎn)(包括動(dòng)向),如about,
above,across,after,along,among,around,at,before,behind,below,beneath,beside,between,beyond,by,down,from,in,into,near,off,on,over,through,throughout,to,towards,under,up,upon,with,within,without等。?
[注]有不少表地點(diǎn)的介詞可表動(dòng)向,除很明顯的across,around,over,towards,near外,還有among,behind,beneath,between,on,to,under等。
(2)表時(shí)間,如about,after,around,as,at,before,behind,between,by,during,for,from,in,into,of,on,over,past,since,through,throughout,till(until),to,towards,within等。?
(3)表除去,如besides,but,except等。?
(4)表比較,如as,like,above,over等。?
(5)表反對(duì),如against,with等。?
(6)表原因、目的,如for,with,from等。?
(7)表結(jié)果,如to,with,without等。?
(8)表手段、方式,如by,in,with等。?
(9)表所屬,如of,with等。?
(10)表?xiàng)l件,如on,without,?considering?等。?
(11)表讓步,如despite,inspiteof等。?
(12)表關(guān)于,如about,concerning,?regarding?,withregardto,asfor,asto等。?
(13)表對(duì)于,如to,for,over,at,with等。?
(14)表根據(jù),如on,accordingto等。?
(15)表其他,如for(贊成),without(沒有)等。?
(一)介詞的句法功能
介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中做成份,介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成份,表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。
1、作定語:Thebookonthetableismine.
2、作狀語:Wehavebreakfastatseven.(表時(shí)間);Theywerelateformeetingbecauseoftheheavyrain.(表原因);Theystartedthemachinebypressingthebutton.(表方法)
3、作表語:Mydictionary中學(xué)isinthebag.
4、作賓語補(bǔ)足語:Ifoundhimintheoffice.
(二)主要介詞區(qū)別
1、表示時(shí)間的at,in,on:at表示片刻的時(shí)間,如:at8o’clock,常用詞組有:atnoon,atnight,atmidnight,attheendof,atthattime,atthebeginningof,attheageof,atChristmas,atNewYear等。in表示一段的時(shí)間,如:inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,inOctober,in1998,insummer,inthepast,inthefuture等。on總是跟日子有關(guān),onMonday,onChristmasmorning,onthefollowing,onMayDay,onawarmmorning等。
2、表示時(shí)間的since和from:since表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過程,常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。from表示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開始,不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)連用。如:Ihopetodomorningexercisesfromtoday./Wehavenotseeneachothersince1995.
3、表示時(shí)間的in和after:兩者都表示“在(某個(gè)時(shí)間)之后,區(qū)別在于in表示“在(一段時(shí)間)之后”,而after則表示“在(某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后)”,in短語和將來時(shí)態(tài)連用,after短語和過去時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)連用。如:We’llbebackinthreedays./Afterseventherainbegantofall./Whatshallwedoaftergraduation?
注意:after有時(shí)也可以表示在一段時(shí)間之后(常用在過去時(shí)里)。如:Aftertwomonthshereturned.
4、表示地理位置的in,on,to:in表示在某范圍內(nèi),on指與什么毗鄰,to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。如:ChangchunisinthenortheastofChina./MongoliaisonthenorthofChina./JapanistotheeastofChina.
5、表示“在……上”的on和in:on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。如:Thereisabookonthepieceofpaper./Thereisaninterestingarticleinthenewspaper./Hedugaholeinthewall.
6、表示“穿過……”的through和across:through表示從內(nèi)部通過,與in有關(guān);across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過,與on有關(guān)。如:Waterflowsthroughthepipe./Theoldmanwalkedacrossthestreet.
7、inthecorner,onthecorner,atthecorner:inthecorner表示在角落里,in指角的內(nèi)面;onthecorner表示“在角上”,on指的不是內(nèi)面,也不是外面,而含內(nèi)外兼有之意;atthecorner指“在拐角處”,at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如:Thelampstandsinthecorneroftheroom./Imetwithhimatthestreetcorner./Hesatonthecornerofthetable.
8、intheend,attheendof,bytheendof:intheend作“最后”、“終于”解,可單獨(dú)使用,后不接介詞of;attheendof表示“在……末梢”,“到……盡頭”,既可指時(shí)間,也可以指地上或物體。不可單獨(dú)使用;bytheendof作“在……結(jié)束時(shí)”,“到……末為止”解,只能指時(shí)間。不可單獨(dú)使用。如:Intheendtheyreachedaplaceofsafety./Attheendoftheroadstandsabeautifulgarden./TheydecidedtohaveanEnglisheveningattheendofthisweek./bytheendoflastmonthhehadfinishedthenovel.
9、表示“關(guān)于”的about和on:兩者都有“關(guān)于”的意思,不過前者為一般用詞,而后者為較正式的“論述”。如:Hecametotellmeaboutsomethingimportant./Hewroteabookonscience.
10、between,among:一般說來,between表示兩者之間,among用于三者或三者以上的中間。如:Youaretositbetweenyourfatherandme./Heisalwayshappyamonghisclassmates.
注意:但有時(shí)說的雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西,如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系,適用于between。如:Agreementsweremadebetweenthedifferentcountries.在談到一些事物或一組事物,而把它們視為分居兩邊時(shí)用between。如:Thelittlevalleyliesbetweenhighmountains.。在談事物間的差別時(shí),總是用between。如:Theydon’tknowthedifferencebetweenwheat,oatsandbarley.
11、besides,except,but,exceptfor:besides指“除了……還有,再加上”。如:Allwentoutbesidesme.;except指“除了,減去什么”,不能放在句首。如:Allwentoutexceptme.;but與except意思近似,表示“除了……外”經(jīng)常用在no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything等和其他疑問詞后面。如:Ineversawhimreadinganythingbutthenewspaper.;exceptfor表示“如無……就,只是”表明理由細(xì)節(jié)。如:Hisdiaryisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.。
12、表示“用”的in和with:表示工具的“用”,用with,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等的“用”,用in。如:Heiswritingaletterwithapen./Hewrotetheletterinpencil./Wemeasureditinpounds./Readthetextinaloudvoice./TellmethestoryinEnglish.
13、inchargeof和inthechargeof:兩者都表示“由誰負(fù)責(zé)、照顧、管理”。區(qū)別在于:inchargeof后接被照管的人或物,而inthechargeof后面則跟照管的人。如:Whoisinchargeoftheproject?/Theprojectisinthechargeofanengineer.。
14、as,like:as作“作為”、“以……地位或身份”解。如:Letmespeaktoyouasafather.(事實(shí)是父親);like作“象……一樣”解。如:Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather.(事實(shí)上不是父親)。
15、infrontof和inthefrontof:infrontof=before,是“在……前面”的意思(不在某物內(nèi));inthefrontof則是“在……前部”的意思(在某物內(nèi))。如:Thereisadeskinfrontoftheblackboard./Theboysatinthefrontofthecar.。
16、in,into:into表示動(dòng)向,不表示目的地或位置。如:Wewalkedintothepark.;in通常表示位置。如:Wewalkedinthepark;in和drop,fall,put,throw,break等終止性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),也可以表示動(dòng)向。如:Ihaveputthecoinin(into)mypocket.我把硬幣放進(jìn)衣袋。
復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需注意的要點(diǎn)
1、介詞一般放在名詞之前,但它后面的介詞賓語是疑問代詞、疑問副詞或者關(guān)系代詞時(shí),這些詞提到了前面而只剩下介詞在后了。
2、介詞和動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞等常常構(gòu)成固定搭配,也就是說,在這些詞的后面常常要求用一定的介詞。這一點(diǎn)在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要特別注意。如:
a.動(dòng)詞+介詞:laughat,waitfor
b.形容詞、過去分詞+介詞:begoodat,beproudof
c名詞+介詞:payavisitto,thekeyto
3、表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞,連接的雙方只取其一。常用連詞有or,either...or,otherwise
例如:
a)YoucangotoBeijingeithertodayortomorrow.
b)Youmustgetupearlyoryouwon’tcatchtheearlybus.
4、表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,連接的雙方構(gòu)成對(duì)比,意義上有轉(zhuǎn)折。常用連詞有but,however,while,only
例如:
a)Hisbrotherisfondoffootballwhilehelikesbasketball.
b)YoucanwatchTV,butyoumustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.
5、表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系,聯(lián)合的雙方是對(duì)等的,意義上趨向一致。常用連詞有:and,both...and,neither...nor,notonly...butalso,aswellas
TostudyEnglishwell,weneedbothdiligenceandcareful.
Thathorseisnotonlytheyoungestamongthefive,butalsorunsthefastest.
6、表示因果關(guān)系,連接的雙方,互為因果,或者前因后果,或者前果后因。常用的連詞有:for,so
例如:
Itmusthaverained,forthegroundiswet.
考點(diǎn)1常見介詞的活用
by,with,against,over,on,in,at,besides,for等是常考的介詞。掌握這些介詞的用法和意義、準(zhǔn)確把握句子語境是解題的關(guān)鍵。下面是近年高考考查最多的幾個(gè)介詞,應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握:
1.over可表位置,意為“在……上方,越過;遮住,蓋住”,也可表時(shí)間,意為“在……期間,(多年)以來”等,它還有“在……(問題)上,對(duì)(某事)”等引申意義。如:
①Y0ucan’twearabluejacketoverthatshirt—it’IIlookterrible.你不能在那件襯衣外面再穿上藍(lán)色的夾克——太難看了。
②Wehadapleasantchatoveracupoftea.我們一邊喝茶一邊愉快地交談。
③Wehearditovertheradio.我們從廣播中聽到了它。
2.by的主要意思有“在……旁,靠近;乘(車、船等);不遲于;到……為止;被,由;根據(jù),按照(關(guān)系);通過……方式”等,還可以用來表示增加或減少的程度。by構(gòu)成的常見短語有:
byandby不久,遲早byandlarge大體上
byoneself單獨(dú)bytheway順便說說
byfar……得多,最……bychance碰巧
byaccident偶然地bymeansof借助
bynomeans絕不,一點(diǎn)也不bymistake錯(cuò)誤地
①Thewaterintheriverrosebytwometers.河水上漲了兩米。
②HeisanEnglishmanbybirth.他在血統(tǒng)上是英國(guó)人。
3.with可以用來表示“帶有,擁有;隨著;就……來說;用,以;和,與;對(duì)于,關(guān)于”等意思。with還可用來表示原因。如:
①Heturnedredwithanger.他氣得臉變紅了。
②Theproblemwithlookingintospacefromtheearthisthatthereisalotofdustintheearth’sair.從地球上觀察太空存在一個(gè)問題,就是地球的大氣中有大量的塵埃。
4.beyond這個(gè)詞同學(xué)們平時(shí)接觸的機(jī)會(huì)不是太多,但它卻是一個(gè)考查熱點(diǎn)。beyond表示“(時(shí)間)過了,比……晚,遲于;(位置)在……那邊,超出……之外;(范圍)超過,為……所
不及,超出……的范圍”等意思。如:
①Theyarrivedbeyondnineo’clock.他們過了9:00才到。
②Thebookisbeyondme.這本書我看不懂。
③Tomisfarbeyondhiselderbrotherinmaths.湯姆的數(shù)學(xué)比他哥哥的好多了。
考點(diǎn)2介詞的固定搭配-
高考主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)固定短語的掌握程度、對(duì)短語意義的了解以及介詞在這些固定搭配中的應(yīng)用。
1.名詞詞組:onthecontrary相反;inturn依次;inone’sopinion根據(jù)某人的看法;offtime準(zhǔn)時(shí);outofreach夠不著
2.動(dòng)詞詞組:remindsbofsth提醒某人某事;robsbofsth搶劫某人的……;restdtfrom由……引起;callat訪問(某地)
3.形容詞詞組:becuriousabout對(duì)……好奇;beproudof因……而自豪;bepopularwith受到……的歡迎
4.介詞短語:apartfrom除……Pb;inadditionto除……之外(還);becauseof因?yàn)?;insteadof代替;infearof為……提心吊膽;forfearof以免;incaseof防備;thanksto由于;inthemiddleof在……中間;accordingto根據(jù);infrontof在……前面;inreturnfor作為對(duì)……的回報(bào);inchargeof負(fù)責(zé);asaresultof作為……的結(jié)果;inexchangefor與……交換等
典例:Nowadayssomehospitalsrefertopatients______name,notcasenumber.
AofBasCbyDwith
C
考查介詞辨析。句意:如今有些醫(yī)院是以姓名來查閱患者的,而不是憑病例編號(hào)(去查詢的)。byname按姓名.
考點(diǎn)3核心介詞用法歸納與辨析
1.表示時(shí)間的介詞in的用法如下。表示在某一較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi),如世紀(jì)、年、月、季、周等一般用介詞in,如:inthe1990s,inJanuary,in(the)winter
in和during表一段時(shí)間內(nèi)兩詞可互用。如:inthenight,duringthenight,inthewar,duringthewar。但略有區(qū)別:當(dāng)接表示“活動(dòng)”的抽象名詞時(shí)多用during,接“活動(dòng)”的動(dòng)名詞及短語時(shí)用in。如:duringthediscussion/indiscussingtheproblemduringherstayinHubei/inplayingbasketball/duringthecourseof/indiggingthetunnel
2.在具體的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。
3.表示某一時(shí)刻或某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用at,如小時(shí)、分鐘等。
有些時(shí)間名詞前有one,each,any,every,some,all,next,last,that修飾時(shí),不接介詞。如:
thatday,nextSundaysomeday,oneday
4.till、until、to的用法。
(1)till(until)與持續(xù)動(dòng)詞連用一般用于肯定句中,與短暫動(dòng)詞連用一般用在否定句中。如:
Hewaitedformetilltwelveo’clock.
Hedidn’tgetuptill(until)10a.m.(不可用to)
但注意:在句首出現(xiàn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中一般不用till而用?until?。如:
Notuntil9a.m.didMr.Smithcomebacktoschool.
(2)to表“終結(jié)”時(shí)常和from連用,但要注意不與from連用時(shí)的意義。如:
fromJulytoSeptember,fromsixto(till)eight(從……到……為止),但frommorningtillnight(從早到晚),不能用to。
5.表示方式、手段、工具的介詞
(1)bytheyear/hour/day按年/小時(shí)/天,但tothepound按磅算,totheton按噸計(jì)。
(2)表泛指的方式、手段:bypost,bytelephone(radio),但onthephone/ontheradio/onTV(電訊器材),byelectricity,byhardwork,learnsth.byheart,throughthesatellite,throughpractice,throughhisownefforts,throughexperience,throughthetelescope
(3)交通工具類。另外:bymeansof用……方法,bywayof經(jīng)由,取道于,用……方法;withthehelp(permission)ofsb./withsb.’shelp(permission)“在……幫助下”。
(4)表方式、手段的其他用法。
Hebeatthedogwithawhip.(with+工具、機(jī)器)
Onesmellswithhisnose.(with+人體器官,但byhand“手工,用手”)
Hestoodupwithpride.(with+情緒、情感、態(tài)度的名詞)
注意:使用語言、材料、文字等用in。如inEnglish(ink,pencil)。另外如:
inhigh(good,low)spirits,inanger,injoy,incomfort,insorrow,insafety,indanger,inneed,indebt,inlove,infun,inpain,intears,insurprise,ingood(poor)health,ingoodorder,inflower,inaway,inalowvoice,insilence,in(with)satisfaction,inahurry,in(with)words,live/feedonfood,kneelonone’sknee,take(catch)sb.bysurprise(出其不意)
6.表示“除……之外”的幾組常用介詞比較。
(1)besides“除……以外,(還有)”。作副詞時(shí)意思是“而且,更何況”。如:
Itwastoolatetoseeafilm,andbesides,Iwastired.
(2)except“除去,除……之外(不再有)”。如:
WeallwentexceptJohn.
在否定句中,兩詞可以換用,如:
Hehasnootherhatsexcept/besidesthisone.
(3)exceptfor“除了……(對(duì)句子主題進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)校正或附加說明)”后接名詞、代詞或what從句,此時(shí)與exceptthat+句子意思相同。如:
Hewasverycleverexceptforcarelessness.
(4)exceptthat...“除了……一點(diǎn)以外”。如:
Hehasnotchangedexceptthatheiswearingdarkglasses.
(5)but和except在表示“除了……以外”時(shí)可以通用,但應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn):前面有不定人詞、疑問代詞在意義上對(duì)稱時(shí),多用but。Allbutonearehere.NobodybutIlikesmakingmodelships.后接不定式短語為排除對(duì)象時(shí),多用but。Hehasnothingtodobutwait.(前有do,后省to);but與一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)連用。havenochoicebuttodosth.只得做某事,cannotbutdosth.不得不,cannothelpbutdosth.不得不……,butfor...如不是……
7.介詞的省略:
介詞for表示時(shí)間的省略要求。
(1)以all開頭的名詞短語,for要省略。如:
Istayedwithherallthemorning.
(2)否定句中,表示時(shí)間的短語前的for不能省略。如:
Ihaven’tseenyouforthirtyyears.
(3)時(shí)間狀語在主句之前,for不能省略。如:
Forthewholemorning,theoldmankeptreading.
8.某些名詞與介詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配。
(1)要求接to的名詞有:key,answer,visit,entrance,apology,introduction,road等。
(2)要求接in的名詞有:interest,satisfaction,expert等。
Heisexpertinteachingsmallchildren.
介詞的用法很繁雜,要在平時(shí)注意積累。
25.Thefurniture,withitsmodernstyleandbrightcolors,suitsmodernhousesandtheirgardens,butlooks_______inthegardenofatraditionalhome
A.outofquestionB.outoforderC.outofsightD.outofplace
D
考查介詞短語辨析。難度中等。
句意為:這套家具款式新潮,色澤明麗,與新式房屋和花園配套,但看起來與傳統(tǒng)的房子和花園不相稱。D項(xiàng)意為“與……不相稱”,符合句意。A項(xiàng)意為“毫無疑問”,B項(xiàng)意為“次序顛倒”,C項(xiàng)意為“看不見”,都與句意不符。
29.—ThankGodyouresafe!
—Isteppedback,justtoavoidtheracingcar.
A.intimeB.incaseC.inneedD.invain
介詞短語
A
intime意為“及時(shí)”,incase意為“萬一,假使”;inneed意為“需要”;invain意為“徒勞,無濟(jì)于事”。句意為:——謝天謝地,你是安全的!——我走回去,正好避免賽車。符合題意。
25.Youcanchangyourjob,youcanmovehouse,butfriendshipismeanttobelife.
A.ofB.onC.toD.For
D
選擇D是正確的,mean在此表示“預(yù)定,指定”。Thegiftismeantforyou.這份禮物是給你的。Hewasmeantfor[tobe]anelectrician.本來是準(zhǔn)備把他培養(yǎng)成電工的。
27.TheWellHotelstandsinaquietplacethemainroadatthefarendofthelake.
A.toB.forC.offD.out
介詞辨析
C
off意思是“離開...,隔著...”,表示與……隔著一定的距離。
14.Thistrainingprogramcangiveyoualiftatwork,____increaseyourincomeby40%.
A.aswellasB.solongasC.somuchasD.assoonas
14.A本題考查介詞as構(gòu)成的短語用法區(qū)別。A意為“除…之外(還有);和”;B意為“只要”;C意為“與…一樣多”(不用于肯定句);D意為“一…就”。此題句意為:這個(gè)培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃除了可以提高你的收入40%之外,還能夠讓你在工作方面得到提升。根據(jù)句意選A。
11.Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembersare______________it.
A.againstB.forC.toD.with
A
考查介詞。
所填介詞與系動(dòng)詞be構(gòu)成固定句型,意思是:反對(duì),選A。befor支持,贊成;beto到達(dá);bewith和……在一起,都與句意不符。
25._____________ourforeignpolicy,wenowhavemultiplethreats,veryfewofwhichinvolvethetraditionalbattlesofthepast.
A.InhonourofB.IntermsofC.IntheformofD.Indefenceof
B
考查介詞短語的用法。此處Inhonourof用來紀(jì)念。。。;Intermsof就。。。而言;談到。。。;Intheformof以。。。的形式;Indefenceof以保護(hù)。。。;此處為“就我們的外交政策而言?!?br>
28.Wemustreadnotonlybetweenthelines,butsometimes________thelinessothatwecanfullyunderstandthewriter.
A.withinB.amongC.besidesD.beyond
D
查介詞。此處beyondthelines意為“言外之意”。
27.Somestudentsoftenlistentomusic______classestorefreshthemselves.
A.betweenB.amongC.overD.during
A
考查介詞的用法。此處between意為“位于/處在/介于……之間”,表示兩者或每?jī)烧咧g的關(guān)系。betweenclasses表示“課間”。among意為“在(多數(shù))之中,在……中間”,表示三者或三者以上的人或物之間的關(guān)系,指“混合或摻雜在多數(shù)可分離的人或物之間”。over意為“越過……”。during意為“在……的期間,在……的時(shí)候”。
33.—Youaresoexcellent.
—Idon’tunderstandwhatyoumeansayingthat.
A.byB.forC.ofD.in
A
考查介詞的用法。解題關(guān)鍵:句型whatdoyoumeanby。。。句意:我不明白你那么說的意思。
13.___________theconsequencesofthechemicalleaks,thespecialistshaven’tgivenfinalconclusionbeforetheyobtainaccuratestatistics.
A.WithregardtoB.AsaresultofC.InspiteofD.Inadditionto
A
考查介詞短語辨析。withregardto意為“關(guān)于”;asaresultof意為“由于…的結(jié)果”;inspiteof意為“盡管”;inadditionto意為“除…之外”。句意為:關(guān)于化學(xué)泄露所產(chǎn)生的后果,專家在拿到準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)據(jù)之前,還沒有給出最后結(jié)論。故選A。
29.---I’mgoingtohavelunch.Doyoumindtalkingaboutyourplan____lunch?
---Allright.I’llwaithereintheoffice.
A.afterB.beforeC.overD.until
A
考查介詞題。在看到第一句話的時(shí)候本以為考查的是over在……同時(shí)的知識(shí)點(diǎn),難度較高。例如:Couldyoupleasehaveatalkwithmeoveracupofcoffee?你能和我喝杯咖啡說說話嗎?表示在喝咖啡的同時(shí)說話。但是看到第二句話立刻暈倒,另一個(gè)人說在這里等,那明顯是午飯后再談,所以答案為A選項(xiàng)after。只要不胡亂添加中文意思,就不會(huì)誤選B選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)。
26.Thedirectorwillbynomeansturntheactressawayallsheisconsideredthemostqualifiedfortherole.
A.becauseofB.regardlessofC.inspiteofD.despiteof
A
考查介詞短語的含義。句意:導(dǎo)演絕不會(huì)拒絕那個(gè)演員,因?yàn)樗徽J(rèn)為是這個(gè)角色最合格的演員。
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高考英語介詞與介詞短語專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)
英語科5年高考3年模擬[浙江專版]
專題05介詞與介詞短語
一、介詞和介詞短語
介詞是一種虛詞,不能單獨(dú)作句子成分,必須與名詞或代詞(相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類短語或從句)構(gòu)成介詞短語,才能在句中充當(dāng)某一個(gè)成分。介詞短語在句中可充當(dāng)狀語,表語,定語及補(bǔ)語等成分。
HowIwisheveryfamilyhadalargehousewithabeautifulgarden!
Isthisthereasonheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
二、連詞
連詞是用來連接詞、短語、從句或句子的一種虛詞不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分。
按詞義及其句法作用,連詞可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。常見的并列連詞有and,but,or,notonly...butalso,yet,either...or...等。常見的從屬連詞有when,because,if,though,asif,nowthat,until,unless等。
IsawBobplaythepianoatJohnspartyandonthatoccasionhewassimplybrilliant.
Notonlyistheteacherhimselfinterestedinfootballbutallhisstudentsarebeginningtoshowaninterestinit.
Pleasefollowyoursupervisorsinstructions,oryoulloffendhim.
一、介詞和介詞短語
在高考試題中對(duì)介詞的考查主要集中在常見介詞搭配中。如:
1.for為了;因?yàn)?br>
Iapologisedtotheteacherformybeinglate.
Forsomereason,Irefusedhisinvitation.
2.without沒有
Hecameinwithouthismanagerspermission.
Iwouldnthavefinishedthetaskwithoutyourhelp.
3.by借助于某種手段
Theoldmanearnedhislivingbysellingfruits.
4.over“在正上方(但未接觸);超過”,多表示年齡,距離或跨越一定的高度
Youcantwearabluejacketoverthatshirt.
Theplanecanflyoverthemountain.
5.beyond超越(界限、范圍、限度),可指時(shí)間或程度
Itsquitebeyondmewhysuchthingshavebeenallowedtohappen.
6.a(chǎn)cross表示從空間表面上橫穿。through表示從人體或物體的內(nèi)部穿過,也可指抽象意義上的通過。
HesuddenlysawMaryacrosstheroom.Hepushedhiswaythroughthecrowdofpeopletogettoher.
7.besides“除……之外”,其賓語包括在內(nèi)。
except“除了”,其賓語不包括在內(nèi)。
exceptfor強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中的細(xì)節(jié),前后事物不屬于同類。
but常和except互換,強(qiáng)調(diào)不在其中。
butfor“要不是”,往往用在虛擬語氣的含蓄條件句中。
Besidesflowers,thepupilssenttheirteacheranicegreetingcardforherbirthday.
Thearticleisverygoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes.
二、連詞
對(duì)連詞的考查,近年高考主要集中在對(duì)從屬連詞和并列連詞的考查上。對(duì)從屬連詞的考查主要集中在對(duì)其在不同從
句中的不同用法的考查;對(duì)并列連詞的考查主要集中在對(duì)其
連接并列成分的用法以及特點(diǎn)上。
1.并列連詞
(1)and,or和but
Imustworkhard,orIllfailinthecontest.
Makeupyourmind,andyoullgetthechance.
—Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?
—Idliketo,butImtoobusy.
(2)notonly...but(also),aswellas不但……而且
Sheplaysnotonlythepiano,but(also)theguitar.
Notonlydoeshelikereadingstories,butalsohecanevenwritesome.
(3)neither...nor“既不……也不……”;both...and...“兩者都”;either...or...“不是……就是……”
Neitheryounorheistoblame.
EitheryouorIamright.
(4)not...but...不是……而是……
Theywerenotthebonesofananimal,butthebonesofa
humanbeing.
(5)for因?yàn)?br>
Heisabsenttoday,forheisill.
注意:for是并列連詞,不能置于含兩個(gè)并列分句的句子的句首,只能將其放在兩個(gè)分句中間。
(6)so,therefore因此
Hehurthisleg,sohecouldntplayinthegame.
2.從屬連詞主要應(yīng)用在各種狀語從句中。
考點(diǎn)解析
直接考介詞的高考題也許并不象別的那樣語法題目多,但是介詞卻是考生最容易犯錯(cuò)誤的語法項(xiàng)目之一。因此,通過高考題目對(duì)介詞的考查的具體分類分析,來了解一下介詞的句法功能和??嫉娜菀谆煜慕樵~還是很有必要的。
一、對(duì)介詞句法功能的考查:
點(diǎn)撥:介詞構(gòu)成的短語,可以在句子中充當(dāng)定語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等;介詞有時(shí)在句子中活用為副詞,充當(dāng)狀語。
Thehurricanedamagedmanyhousesandbusinessbuildings;______,itcaused20deaths.
A.orelseB.thereforeC.afterallD.besides
解析:答案D。句意:颶風(fēng)毀壞了很多的住房和商廈;另外,還造成20人死亡。besides這里用作副詞,作狀語,表“而且……,另外……,再說……”。
Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_______.(A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon
解析:答案為A。with后接復(fù)合賓語中的“動(dòng)詞+V-ing形式”作賓補(bǔ)。
Banging(猛推)openherdoorintomine,thedrivershoutedback:“Makeme!”___thisshesteppedoutofthegarage.
A.ForB.WithC.FromD.Upon
解析:答案為B。withthis隨著這句話語。她一邊說,一邊走出了車庫。
Idon’tmindpickingupyourthingsfromthestore.______,thewalkwilldomegood.
A.SoonerorlaterB.StillC.IntimeD.Besides
解析:答案為D。在這里介詞besides活用為副詞,作狀語,意思是“而且……,另外……,再說……”。句子的意思是:另外,步行對(duì)我對(duì)我有好處。
Iwantedtwoseats_______MadameCurieforFridaynight,soIrangthecinematoseeifIcouldbooktwotickets.
A.ofB.aboutC.toD.for
解析:答案為D。表示某個(gè)的電影座位(票),英語用介詞for作定語。注意介詞of表示所屬關(guān)系,意思是“……的”。電影與座位(票)之間構(gòu)不成所屬關(guān)系。
二、對(duì)常用介詞的辨析:
點(diǎn)撥:介詞用法多且復(fù)雜,相近的意思又可以有不同的介詞表示,介詞更著重與動(dòng)詞、形容詞和其他從句結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行考查,所以要根據(jù)語境和交際條件靈活運(yùn)用介詞;同時(shí)對(duì)常用的介詞要重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行區(qū)別整理。
Therewerealotofpeoplestandingatthedoorandthesmallgirlcouldn’tget_______.(A.betweenB.throughC.acrossD.beyond
解析:答案為B。getthrough穿過,通過。門上站著許多人,這個(gè)小姑娘無法穿過。
HesuddenlysawSue_____theroom.Hepushedhisway____thecrowdofpeopletogettoher
A.across,acrossB.over,throughC.over,intoD.across,through
解析:答案為D。across指在空間上從一端到另一端。Through著重從物體中間穿過。
―Whendoweneedtopaythebalance?―September30.(A.InB.ByC.DuringD.Within
解析:答案B。“by+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示“到某時(shí)間為止,不遲于某時(shí)間”。
Wehadn’tplannedtomeet.Wemet______chance.A.ofB.inC.forD.by
解析:答案D。本題考查固定習(xí)語中介詞的用法。bychance=byaccident意為“偶然”。
三、對(duì)介詞短語搭配的考查:
介詞常和某些形容詞、動(dòng)詞和名詞聯(lián)合運(yùn)用,形成固定搭配,表示各種不同的意思,只要記住這些固定搭配,準(zhǔn)確把握詞組的語義,這類題目應(yīng)該不是太難。
Fred,whohadexpectedhowitwouldgowithhisdaughter,hadagreatworry_____hismind.
A.onB.inC.withD.at
解析:答案為A。本題主要考查mind之前不同介詞的用法。beonone’smind和havesomethingonone’smind表示“(使某人)為某事?lián)鷳n”,如:Mydeputyhasresigned,soIhavegotalotomymindjustnow.而bear/keepsomebody/somethinginmind表示“記住某人/事”。
Theclassroomisbigenough______,butwe’llhavetomoveifwehavemorestudents.
A.forthemomentB.onthemomentC.inamomentD.foramoment
解析:答案為A。forthemoment暫時(shí)。根據(jù)wellhavetomoveifwehavemorestudents可判斷出教室暫時(shí)可容納現(xiàn)有的學(xué)生。foramoment表示一段時(shí)間。
Hegottothestationearly,______missinghistrain.
A.incaseofB.insteadofC.forfearofD.insearchof
解析:答案為C。forfearof為固定搭配,害怕。Incaseof萬一;insteadof代替;insearchof搜尋。句子的意思為因?yàn)楹ε纶s不上火車,所以提前趕到車站。
Thewinterof1990wasextremelybad.____mostpeoplesayitwastheworstwinteroftheirlives.
A.AtlastB.InfactC.InawordD.Asaresult
解析:答案為B。infact“實(shí)際上”,進(jìn)一步說明1990年天氣的寒冷。Atlast最后;inaword總而言之;asaresult結(jié)果是。
五年高考
A組全國(guó)高考題組
1.6.alltheanimalsIveeverhad,thesetwodogsarcthemostsensitivetothespokenword.
A.FromB.OfC.ForD.With
介詞
B
twodogs所屬與allanimals,故用介詞of表示這種關(guān)系,如:manyofus,我們其中的許多人,故答案B符合語境。From從;for為了;with有,均不符合語境,故排除。
2.25.Thefurniture,withitsmodernstyleandbrightcolors,suitsmodernhousesandtheirgardens,butlooks_______inthegardenofatraditionalhome
A.outofquestionB.outoforderC.outofsightD.outofplace
D
考查介詞短語辨析。難度中等。
句意為:這套家具款式新潮,色澤明麗,與新式房屋和花園配套,但看起來與傳統(tǒng)的房子和花園不相稱。D項(xiàng)意為“與……不相稱”,符合句意。A項(xiàng)意為“毫無疑問”,B項(xiàng)意為“次序顛倒”,C項(xiàng)意為“看不見”,都與句意不符。
3.29.—ThankGodyouresafe!
—Isteppedback,justtoavoidtheracingcar.
A.intimeB.incaseC.inneedD.invain
介詞短語
A
intime意為“及時(shí)”,incase意為“萬一,假使”;inneed意為“需要”;invain意為“徒勞,無濟(jì)于事”。句意為:——謝天謝地,你是安全的!——我走回去,正好避免賽車。符合題意。
4.27.TheWellHotelstandsinaquietplacethemainroadatthefarendofthelake.
A.toB.forC.offD.out
介詞辨析
C
off意思是“離開...,隔著...”,表示與……隔著一定的距離。
5.14.Thistrainingprogramcangiveyoualiftatwork,____increaseyourincomeby40%.
A.aswellasB.solongasC.somuchasD.assoonas
A本題考查介詞as構(gòu)成的短語用法區(qū)別。A意為“除…之外(還有);和”;B意為“只要”;C意為“與…一樣多”(不用于肯定句);D意為“一…就”。此題句意為:這個(gè)培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃除了可以提高你的收入40%之外,還能夠讓你在工作方面得到提升。根據(jù)句意選A。
6.11.Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembersare______________it.
A.againstB.forC.toD.with
A
考查介詞。
所填介詞與系動(dòng)詞be構(gòu)成固定句型,意思是:反對(duì),選A。befor支持,贊成;beto到達(dá);bewith和……在一起,都與句意不符。
7.11.Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembersare______________it.
A.againstB.forC.toD.with
A
考查介詞。
所填介詞與系動(dòng)詞be構(gòu)成固定句型,意思是:反對(duì),選A。befor支持,贊成;beto到達(dá);bewith和……在一起,都與句意不符。
8.26.Chinahasbeenpushingthereformofpublichospitals____allitscitizens.
A.inchargeofB.forthepurposeofC.inhonorofD.forthebenefitof
D
考查介詞短語
B組2008-全國(guó)高考題組
1.IalwayswantedtodothejobwhichI’dbeentrained______.
A.onB.forC.byD.of
B
考查介詞。
語義:我經(jīng)常想做我之前為之受過培訓(xùn)的工作,for表示目的,意為“為了…”,符
2.Nick,it’sgoodforyoutoreadsomebooks__________Chinabeforeyoustartyourtripthere.
A.inB.forC.ofD.on
D
考查介詞。
on表示關(guān)于,somebooksonChina意為“關(guān)于中國(guó)的一些書”。句意為:“Nick,你在去中國(guó)旅行之前最好讀一些關(guān)于中國(guó)的書?!惫蔬xD。
合題意。
3.Hewasagoodstudentandscored_________averageinmostsubjects.
A.belowB.ofC.onD.above
D
考察介詞。
句意為:他是一個(gè)好學(xué)生,大多數(shù)科目得分高于平均水平。aboveaverage高于平均數(shù);belowaverage低于平均數(shù);onaverage平均起來,一般說來。
4.____goodservice,therestaurantoffersdifferentkindsoftraditionalFujiandished.
A.FarfromB.ApartfromC.InsteadofD.Regardlessof
B
考查介詞短語。
除了優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)外,這個(gè)飯店提供了不同種類的傳統(tǒng)的福建菜。apartfrom表“除……以外”,符合語意。farfrom“遠(yuǎn)離,遠(yuǎn)非”;insteadof“代替,而不是”;regardlessof“不管,不顧”。
5.Shirley,arealbooklover,oftenbringshomemanybookstoread__________thelibrary.
A.inB.forC.byD.from
D
考查介詞。
句意為“Shirley,一個(gè)讀書愛好者,經(jīng)常從圖書館帶些書回家去讀”。
6.25.Youcanchangeyourjob,youcanmovehouse,butfriendshipismeant_____life.
A.ofB.onC.toD.For
D
選擇D是正確的,mean在此表示“預(yù)定,指定”。Thegiftismeantforyou.這份禮物是給你的。Hewasmeantfor[tobe]anelectrician.本來是準(zhǔn)備把他培養(yǎng)成電工的。
7.Thegirlhadhardlyrungthebellthedoorwasopenedsuddenly,andherfriendrushedouttogreether.
A.beforeB.untilC.asD.since
A
考連詞的使用
根據(jù)“rungthebell”和“thedoorwasopened“的發(fā)生先后,可以得出答案。句子的含義是:女孩還沒來得及按門鈴,門就突然打開了。她的朋友們一擁而上去歡迎她。
8.ourmanageobjectstoTom’sjoiningtheclub,weshallaccepthimasamember.
A.UntilB.UnlessC.IfD.After
B
本題考查連詞
此句意思是“除非我們經(jīng)理反對(duì)tom加入俱樂部,不然我們都應(yīng)接受他成為其中一員。”
9.Thewineindustryintheareahasdevelopedinaspecialway,____littleforeignownership.
A.byB.ofC.withD.from
C
本題考查介詞。
句意為:這個(gè)地區(qū)的白酒業(yè)以一種特殊的方式在發(fā)展著,具有很少的外國(guó)所有權(quán)。with具有,帶有,表伴隨。
10.Beingaparentisnotalwayseasy,andbeingtheparentofachildwithspecialneedsoftencarrieswith___extrastress.
A.itB.themC.oneD.him
A
本題考查介詞。
本題較難,根據(jù)句意,“作為一個(gè)父母并非總是一件容易的事,而作為一個(gè)有特殊需求的孩子的父母來說就需要有的額外的壓力。后一分句的正常語序?yàn)?beingtheparentofachildwithspecialneedsoftencarriesextrastresswithit.it特指beingtheparentofachildwithspecialneeds這件事?!?br>
11.Everythingwasperfectforthepicnictheweather.?
A.inplaceofB.aswellas?C.exceptforD.incaseof
C
本題考查介詞短語的辨析。
C項(xiàng)exceptfor為肯定整體、除去瘕疵,后跟名詞。句意為:除了天氣之外,一切都適合野餐。
12.Whyareyousoanxious?Itisn’tyourproblem.?
A.onpurposeB.inall?C.ontimeD.afterall
D
本題考查介詞短語的辨析。
A項(xiàng)為“故意地”;B項(xiàng)為“總共”;C項(xiàng)為“按時(shí)”;D項(xiàng)為“畢竟”。句意為:你為什么如此地焦急?畢竟不是你的問題。
三年模擬
A組全國(guó)高考模擬題組
1.(浙江省余姚中學(xué)高三第一次質(zhì)檢4)Waterquality_____thecoastoftheBohaiBayhasbeenbecomingworse,duetohugewastecarriedbyriversintothesea.
A.offB.onC.inD.at
2.(浙江省溫州中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期期末試題5)Someofficialswerearrestedandcharged________neglectingtheirduties.
A.withB.ofC.forD.on
3.(浙江省溫州中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期期末試題18)_____,I’mgladyoumadethatmistake,foritwillserveasawarningtoyou.
A.InthewayB.OnthewayC.BythewayD.Inaway
4.(浙江省臺(tái)州市高三期末質(zhì)量評(píng)估試題11)Anewbooksupermarketwasopenedright________thatstreet,andMary’ssmallbookstorebegantosuffer.
A.byB.offC.acrossD.from
5.(浙江省四校高三聯(lián)考試題11)Ishouldapologizetoyouforfailingtovisityoulastweek,butIvebeenverybusy_____the
pastfewmonths.
A.sinceB.beforeC.amongD.over
6.(浙江省四校高三聯(lián)考試題14)MostChinesecarmakersareyearsbehindtheirwesterncounterparts_______quality,
technologyandservice.
A.intermsofB.inneedofC.infavorofD.inpraiseof
7.(浙江省紹興市高三上學(xué)期期末調(diào)測(cè)7)Tofullyunderstandthepoem,wemustreadnotonlybetweenthelines,butsometimesthelines.
A.beneathB.withinC.amongD.beyond
8.(浙江省任巖松中學(xué)高三期初五校聯(lián)考4)Chinaunderstandsthesituationandneedsofunderdevelopedcountriesontheissueofclimatechangeandurgesdevelopedcountriestosupportthem________technologyandfinance.
A.inspiteofB.owingtoC.regardlessofD.intermsof
9.(浙江省寧波四中高三上學(xué)期期末考試題7)Peoplewithfairskinsaremore_______ofskincancer.
A.atriskB.atcoastC.indangerD.introuble
10.(浙江省寧波四中高三上學(xué)期期末考試題19)
—I’msureHarrywillrememberthemeeting,butwhynotgivehimaringjust_______?
—Sure,Iwill.
A.intimeB.incaseC.inadvanceD.atfirst
11.(浙江省臨海市杜橋中學(xué)2012高三12月月考14)______ourgoodcooperationoverthepastyears,let’smeeteachotherhalfway.I’llreduceourpriceby5%.
A.IncaseB.InviewofC.InfearofD.Inspiteof
12.(浙江省東陽市南馬高中高三下學(xué)期入學(xué)考試7)Cynthiaisnotashamedofwhatshedoes,______sheendsupdoingsomethingwrong.
A.asthoughB.incaseC.evenifD.forfear
B組2010-全國(guó)高考模擬題組
1.(寧波市效實(shí)中學(xué)2010—2011學(xué)年度高三第一學(xué)期期中考試6)theirarrivalinAustralia,SirJosephBanksandhisteamwereamazedtheexoticplantsandsetouttorecordandcollecttheminstantly.
A.On;atB.At;byC.With.;aboutD.Upon;for
2.(浙江省富陽場(chǎng)口中學(xué)2010學(xué)年第一學(xué)期聯(lián)誼學(xué)校期中考試)ChristmasisaholidayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th____________thebirthofJesusChrist.
A.inchargeofB.intermsofC.infavorofD.inhonorof
3.(浙江省紹興一中高三英語期中理科試題26)
—DoyoulikeNack?
—Yes,Nackisgood,kind,hard-workingandintelligent;_________,Ican’tspeaktoohighlyofhim.
A.asaresultB.inshort
C.bythewayD.onthecontrary
4.(2010學(xué)年第一學(xué)期溫州十校聯(lián)合體高三期中聯(lián)考4)Beingexposedforalongtime______strongsunlightmightseriouslydamageyourskin.
A.toB.underC.inD.over
5.(2010學(xué)年第一學(xué)期溫州十校聯(lián)合體高三期中聯(lián)考16)Nowadays,manypeoplewalktowork______CopenhagenConferencecallingforlivingalow—carbonlifestyletocopewithglobalwarming.
A.inrelationtoB.inresponseto
C.inadditiontoD.inoppositionto
6.(金華一中2010學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試4)Thehomeimprovementshavetakenwhatlittlethereis______mysparetime.
A.fromB.inC.ofD.at
7.(浙江省長(zhǎng)興三中高三第一次月考23)Thelittleboygotpunishedwhathehaddone.
A.becauseB.becauseofC.sinceD.as
8.(浙江省長(zhǎng)興三中高三第一次月考40)浙江省長(zhǎng)興三中高三第一次月考Hecameheretodiscussitwithyou.
A.onpurposeB.bychanceC.forpurposeD.ondesign
9.(浙江省杭州高級(jí)中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第一次月考20)Toasmallandfarawaytownlikethis,acaraccidentisalwaysconsidered______interest,sopeoplesoongatheredaround.
A.asB.ofC.byD.in
10.(浙江省瑞安中學(xué)高三暑期總結(jié)性測(cè)試19)Itsavestimeinthekitchentohavethingsyouusealot_______easyreach.
A.nearB.uponC.withinD.around
高三英語教案:《語法介詞及介詞短語》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
【考綱解讀】
介詞主要考查近義詞的用法區(qū)別、介詞的特定含義、介詞和連詞易混淆的項(xiàng)目、介詞的固定用法等,在2011年和2012年全國(guó)各地高考試題中,都涉及到介詞的考查,不僅在單項(xiàng)填空中進(jìn)行考查,在短文改錯(cuò)題中,對(duì)于介詞的有無、介詞與其他詞的固定搭配的考查尤為頻繁。筆者認(rèn)為因?yàn)榻樵~的用法非常普遍,它關(guān)系到句子的上下銜接,所以以后的高考題介詞仍然是一個(gè)考查熱點(diǎn)。
高考研究介詞是英語中比較活躍的詞,中學(xué)階段所學(xué)的介詞有40多個(gè)。它與名詞、形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞等構(gòu)成搭配時(shí)用法靈活,意義豐富。搭配比較活躍的介詞主要有in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。預(yù)測(cè)今后高考介詞的考查將以介詞的固定短語和介詞辨析為主。在學(xué)習(xí)介詞時(shí),應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握介詞的基本用法,同時(shí)注意總結(jié)其與名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等搭配構(gòu)成的短語的意思和用法。
【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】
介詞又叫前置詞,是一種虛詞。
1.介詞可按其構(gòu)成分為:
(1)簡(jiǎn)單介詞,即一個(gè)介詞,如about,at,in,of,since等。
(2)復(fù)合介詞,由兩個(gè)介詞組成,如as for,as to,out of等。?
(3)二重介詞,由兩個(gè)介詞搭配而成,但沒有復(fù)合介詞那樣固定,如from under,from behind,until after,except in等。?
(4)短語介詞,由短語構(gòu)成,如?according? to,because of,in spite of,on behalf of,with reference to等。?
(5)分詞介詞,由現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成,如regarding,concerning,including等。
2.介詞還可按其詞義分為下列常見的幾種:
(1)表地點(diǎn)(包括動(dòng)向),如about,
above,across,after,along,among,around,at,before,behind,below,beneath,beside,between,beyond,by,down,from,in,into,near,off,on,over,through,throughout,to,towards,under,up,upon,with,within,without等。?
[注]有不少表地點(diǎn)的介詞可表動(dòng)向,除很明顯的across,around,over,towards,near外,還有among,behind,beneath,between,on,to,under等。
(2)表時(shí)間,如about,after,around,as,at,before,behind,between,by,during,for,from,in,into,of,on,over,past,since,through,throughout,till(until),to,towards,within等。?
(3)表除去,如besides,but,except等。?
(4)表比較,如as,like,above,over等。?
(5)表反對(duì),如against,with等。?
(6)表原因、目的,如for,with,from等。?
(7)表結(jié)果,如to,with,without等。?
(8)表手段、方式,如by,in,with等。?
(9)表所屬,如of,with等。?
(10)表?xiàng)l件,如on,without,?considering?等。?
(11)表讓步,如despite,in spite of等。?
(12)表關(guān)于,如about,concerning,?regarding?,with regard to,as for,as to等。?
(13)表對(duì)于,如to,for,over,at,with等。?
(14)表根據(jù),如on,according to等。?
(15)表其他,如for(贊成),without(沒有)等。?
(一)介詞的句法功能
介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中做成份,介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成份,表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。
1、作定語:The book on the table is mine.
2、作狀語:We have breakfast at seven.(表時(shí)間);They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因);They started the machine by pressing the button.(表方法)
3、作表語:My dictionary 中學(xué)is in the bag.
4、作賓語補(bǔ)足語:I found him in the office.
(二)主要介詞區(qū)別
1、表示時(shí)間的at, in, on:at表示片刻的時(shí)間,如:at 8 o’clock ,常用詞組有:at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的時(shí)間,如:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on總是跟日子有關(guān),on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。
2、表示時(shí)間的since和from:since表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過程,常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。from表示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開始,不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)連用。如:I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.
3、表示時(shí)間的in和after:兩者都表示“在(某個(gè)時(shí)間)之后,區(qū)別在于in表示“在(一段時(shí)間)之后”,而after則表示“在(某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后)”,in短語和將來時(shí)態(tài)連用,after短語和過去時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)連用。如:We’ll be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?
注意:after有時(shí)也可以表示在一段時(shí)間之后(常用在過去時(shí)里)。如:After two months he returned.
4、表示地理位置的in, on, to:in表示在某范圍內(nèi),on指與什么毗鄰,to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。如:Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.
5、表示“在……上”的on和in:on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如:There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.
6、表示“穿過……”的through和across:through表示從內(nèi)部通過,與in 有關(guān);across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過,與on有關(guān)。如: Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.
7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner:in the corner 表示在角落里,in指角的內(nèi)面;on the corner表示“在角上”,on指的不是內(nèi)面,也不是外面,而含內(nèi)外兼有之意;at the corner指“在拐角處”,at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如:The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.
8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of:in the end作“最后”、“終于”解,可單獨(dú)使用,后不接介詞of;at the end of 表示“在……末梢”,“到……盡頭”,既可指時(shí)間,也可以指地上或物體。不可單獨(dú)使用;by the end of 作“在……結(jié)束時(shí)”,“到……末為止”解,只能指時(shí)間。不可單獨(dú)使用。如:In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.
9、表示“關(guān)于”的about 和on:兩者都有“關(guān)于”的意思,不過前者為一般用詞,而后者為較正式的“論述”。如:He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.
10、between, among:一般說來,between表示兩者之間,among用于三者或三者以上的中間。如:You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.
注意:但有時(shí)說的雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西,如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系,適用于between。如:Agreements were made between the different countries. 在談到一些事物或一組事物,而把它們視為分居兩邊時(shí)用between。如:The little valley lies between high mountains.。在談事物間的差別時(shí),總是用between。如:They don’t know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.
11、besides, except, but, except for:besides指“除了……還有,再加上”。如:All went out besides me.;except指“除了,減去什么”,不能放在句首。如:All went out except me.;but 與except意思近似,表示“除了……外”經(jīng)常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑問詞后面。如:I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.;except for表示“如無……就,只是”表明理由細(xì)節(jié)。如:His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。
12、表示“用”的in和with:表示工具的“用”,用with,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等的“用”,用in。如:He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.
13、in charge of和in the charge of:兩者都表示“由誰負(fù)責(zé)、照顧、管理”。區(qū)別在于:in charge of后接被照管的人或物,而in the charge of后面則跟照管的人。如:Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。
14、as, like:as作“作為”、“以……地位或身份”解。如:Let me speak to you as a father.(事實(shí)是父親);like作“象……一樣”解。如:Let me speak to you like a father.(事實(shí)上不是父親)。
15、in front of 和in the front of:in front of = before,是“在……前面”的意思(不在某物內(nèi)); in the front of則是“在……前部”的意思(在某物內(nèi))。如:There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。
16、in, into:into表示動(dòng)向,不表示目的地或位置。如:We walked into the park.;in通常表示位置。如:We walked in the park;in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等終止性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),也可以表示動(dòng)向。如:I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬幣放進(jìn)衣袋。
復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需注意的要點(diǎn)
1、介詞一般放在名詞之前,但它后面的介詞賓語是疑問代詞、疑問副詞或者關(guān)系代詞時(shí),這些詞提到了前面而只剩下介詞在后了。
2、 介詞和動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞等常常構(gòu)成固定搭配,也就是說,在這些詞的后面常常要求用一定的介詞。這一點(diǎn)在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要特別注意。如:
a.動(dòng)詞+介詞:laugh at, wait for
b.形容詞、過去分詞+介詞:be good at, be proud of
c名詞+介詞:pay a visit to , the key to
3、 表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞,連接的雙方只取其一。常用連詞有or, either...or, otherwise
例如:
a) You can go to Beijing either today or tomorrow.
b) You must get up early or you won’t catch the early bus.
4、 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,連接的雙方構(gòu)成對(duì)比,意義上有轉(zhuǎn)折。常用連詞有but, however, while, only
例如:
a) His brother is fond of football while he likes basketball.
b) You can watch TV, but you must finish your homework first.
5、 表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系,聯(lián)合的雙方是對(duì)等的,意義上趨向一致。常用連詞有:and, both...and, neither...nor, not only...but also, as well as
To study English well, we need both diligence and careful.
That horse is not only the youngest among the five, but also runs the fastest.
6、 表示因果關(guān)系,連接的雙方,互為因果,或者前因后果,或者前果后因。常用的連詞有:for, so
例如:
It must have rained, for the ground is wet.
【考點(diǎn)詮釋】
考點(diǎn)1 常見介詞的活用
by,with,against,over,on,in,at,besides,for等是??嫉慕樵~。掌握這些介詞的用法和意義、準(zhǔn)確把握句子語境是解題的關(guān)鍵。下面是近年高考考查最多的幾個(gè)介詞,應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握:
1.over可表位置,意為“在……上方,越過;遮住,蓋住”,也可表時(shí)間,意為“在……期間,(多年)以來”等,它還有“在……(問題)上,對(duì)(某事)”等引申意義。如:
①Y0u can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt—it’II look terrible.你不能在那件襯衣外面再穿上藍(lán)色的夾克——太難看了。
②We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.我們一邊喝茶一邊愉快地交談。
③We heard it over the radio.我們從廣播中聽到了它。
2.by的主要意思有“在……旁,靠近;乘(車、船等);不遲于;到……為止;被,由;根據(jù),按照(關(guān)系);通過……方式”等,還可以用來表示增加或減少的程度。by構(gòu)成的常見短語有:
by and by不久,遲早 by and large大體上
by oneself單獨(dú) by the way順便說說
by far……得多,最…… by chance碰巧
by accident偶然地 by means of借助
by no means絕不,一點(diǎn)也不 by mistake錯(cuò)誤地
①The water in the river rose by two meters.河水上漲了兩米。
②He is an Englishman by birth.他在血統(tǒng)上是英國(guó)人。
3.with可以用來表示“帶有,擁有;隨著;就……來說;用,以;和,與;對(duì)于,關(guān)于”等意思。with還可用來表示原因。如:
①He turned red with anger.他氣得臉變紅了。
②The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air.從地球上觀察太空存在一個(gè)問題,就是地球的大氣中有大量的塵埃。
4.beyond這個(gè)詞同學(xué)們平時(shí)接觸的機(jī)會(huì)不是太多,但它卻是一個(gè)考查熱點(diǎn)。beyond表示“(時(shí)間)過了,比……晚,遲于;(位置)在……那邊,超出……之外;(范圍)超過,為……所
不及,超出……的范圍”等意思。如:
①They arrived beyond nine o’clock.他們過了9:00才到。
②The book is beyond me.這本書我看不懂。
③Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths.湯姆的數(shù)學(xué)比他哥哥的好多了。
考點(diǎn)2 介詞的固定搭配-
高考主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)固定短語的掌握程度、對(duì)短語意義的了解以及介詞在這些固定搭配中的應(yīng)用。
1.名詞詞組:on the contrary相反;in turn依次;in one’s opinion根據(jù)某人的看法;off time準(zhǔn)時(shí);out of reach夠不著
2.動(dòng)詞詞組:remind sb of sth提醒某人某事;rob sb of sth搶劫某人的……;restdt from由……引起;call at訪問(某地)
3.形容詞詞組:be curious about對(duì)……好奇;be proud of因……而自豪;be popular with受到……的歡迎
4.介詞短語:apart from除……Pb;in addition to除……之外(還);because of因?yàn)?instead of代替;in fear of為……提心吊膽;for fear of以免;in case of防備;thanks to由于;in the middle of在……中間;according to根據(jù);in front of在……前面;in return for作為對(duì)……的回報(bào);in charge of負(fù)責(zé);as a result of作為……的結(jié)果;in exchange for與……交換等
典例: Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number.
A of B as C by D with
【答案】C
【解析】考查介詞辨析。句意:如今有些醫(yī)院是以姓名來查閱患者的,而不是憑病例編號(hào)(去查詢的)。by name按姓名.
考點(diǎn)3核心介詞用法歸納與辨析
1.表示時(shí)間的介詞in的用法如下。表示在某一較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi),如世紀(jì)、年、月、季、周等一般用介詞in,如:in the 1990s,in January,in(the)winter
in和during表一段時(shí)間內(nèi)兩詞可互用。如:in the night,during the night,in the war,during the war。但略有區(qū)別:當(dāng)接表示“活動(dòng)”的抽象名詞時(shí)多用during,接“活動(dòng)”的動(dòng)名詞及短語時(shí)用in。如:during the discussion/in discussing the problem during her stay in Hubei/in playing basketball/during the course of/in digging the tunnel
2.在具體的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。
3.表示某一時(shí)刻或某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用at,如小時(shí)、分鐘等。
有些時(shí)間名詞前有one,each,any,every,some,all,next,last,that修飾時(shí),不接介詞。如:
that day,next Sunday some day,one day
4.till、until、to的用法。
(1)till(until)與持續(xù)動(dòng)詞連用一般用于肯定句中,與短暫動(dòng)詞連用一般用在否定句中。如:
He waited for me till twelve o’clock.
He didn’t get up till (until) 10 a.m.(不可用to)
但注意:在句首出現(xiàn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中一般不用till而用?until?。如:
Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.
(2)to表“終結(jié)”時(shí)常和from連用,但要注意不與from連用時(shí)的意義。如:
from July to September,from six to (till) eight(從……到……為止),但from morning till night(從早到晚),不能用to。
5.表示方式、手段、工具的介詞
(1)by the year/hour/day按年/小時(shí)/天,但to the pound按磅算,to the ton按噸計(jì)。
(2)表泛指的方式、手段:by post,by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(電訊器材),by electricity,by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescope
(3)交通工具類。另外:by means of 用……方法,by way of 經(jīng)由,取道于,用……方法;with the help(permission)of sb./with sb.’s help(permission)“在……幫助下”。
(4)表方式、手段的其他用法。
He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具、機(jī)器)
One smells with his nose.(with+人體器官,但by hand“手工,用手”)
He stood up with pride.(with+情緒、情感、態(tài)度的名詞)
注意:使用語言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink,pencil)。另外如:
in high(good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise, in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a hurry,in(with)words,live/feed on food,kneel on one’s knee,take(catch)sb.by surprise(出其不意)
6.表示“除……之外”的幾組常用介詞比較。
(1)besides “除……以外,(還有)”。作副詞時(shí)意思是“而且,更何況”。如:
It was too late to see a film,and besides,I was tired.
(2)except“除去,除……之外(不再有)”。如:
We all went except John.
在否定句中,兩詞可以換用,如:
He has no other hats except/besides this one.
(3)except for“除了……(對(duì)句子主題進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)校正或附加說明)”后接名詞、代詞或what從句,此時(shí)與except that+句子意思相同。如:
He was very clever except for carelessness.
(4)except that...“除了……一點(diǎn)以外”。如:
He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.
(5)but和except在表示“除了……以外”時(shí)可以通用,但應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn):前面有不定人詞、疑問代詞在意義上對(duì)稱時(shí),多用but。All but one are here.Nobody but I likes making model ships.后接不定式短語為排除對(duì)象時(shí),多用but。He has nothing to do but wait.(前有do,后省to);but與一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)連用。have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事,can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不……,but for...如不是……
7.介詞的省略:
介詞for表示時(shí)間的省略要求。
(1)以all開頭的名詞短語,for要省略。如:
I stayed with her all the morning.
(2)否定句中,表示時(shí)間的短語前的for不能省略。如:
I haven’t seen you for thirty years.
(3)時(shí)間狀語在主句之前,for不能省略。如:
For the whole morning,the old man kept reading.
8.某些名詞與介詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配。
(1)要求接to的名詞有:key,answer,visit,entrance,apology,introduction,road等。
(2)要求接in 的名詞有:interest,satisfaction,expert等。
He is expert in teaching small children.
介詞的用法很繁雜,要在平時(shí)注意積累。
【試題放送】
【2012湖北卷】25. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _______ in the garden of a traditional home
A. out of question B. out of order C. out of sight D. out of place
【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)】考查介詞短語辨析。難度中等。
【解析】句意為:這套家具款式新潮,色澤明麗,與新式房屋和花園配套,但看起來與傳統(tǒng)的房子和花園不相稱。D項(xiàng)意為“與……不相稱”,符合句意。A項(xiàng)意為“毫無疑問”,B項(xiàng)意為“次序顛倒”,C項(xiàng)意為“看不見”,都與句意不符。
【2012江蘇卷】29. — Thank God you're safe!
—I stepped back, just to avoid the racing car.
A. in time B. in case C. in need D. in vain
【考點(diǎn)】介詞短語
【答案】A
【解析】in time意為“及時(shí)”,in case意為“萬一,假使”;in need意為“需要”;in vain意為“徒勞,無濟(jì)于事”。句意為:——謝天謝地,你是安全的!——我走回去,正好避免賽車。符合題意。
【2012安徽卷】25. You can chang your job, you can move house,but friendship is meant to be life.
A. of B. on C. to D. For
【答案】D
【解析】選擇D是正確的,mean在此表示“預(yù)定,指定”。The gift is meant for you. 這份禮物是給你的。 He was meant for [to be ]an electrician. 本來是準(zhǔn)備把他培養(yǎng)成電工的。
【2012遼寧卷】27. The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the lake.
A. to B. for C. off D. out
【考點(diǎn)】介詞辨析
【答案】C
【解析】off 意思是“離開...,隔著...”,表示與……隔著一定的距離。
【2012四川卷】14. This training program can give you a lift at work, ____ increase your income by 40%.
A. as well as B. so long as C. so much as D. as soon as
14.【答案與解析】 A 本題考查介詞as構(gòu)成的短語用法區(qū)別。A意為“除…之外(還有);和”;B意為“只要”;C意為“與…一樣多”(不用于肯定句);D意為“一…就”。此題句意為:這個(gè)培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃除了可以提高你的收入40%之外,還能夠讓你在工作方面得到提升。根據(jù)句意選A。
【2012陜西卷】11.An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ______________ it.
A . against B. for C .to D. with
【答案】A
【考點(diǎn)】考查介詞。
【解析】所填介詞與系動(dòng)詞be構(gòu)成固定句型,意思是:反對(duì),選A。be for支持,贊成;be to到達(dá);be with和……在一起,都與句意不符。
【2012屆江蘇省蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)四市高三調(diào)研測(cè)試(一)】25. _____________ our foreign policy, we now have multiple threats, very few of which involve the traditional battles of the past.
A. In honour of B. In terms of C. In the form of D. In defence of
【答案】B
【解析】考查介詞短語的用法。此處In honour of用來紀(jì)念。。。; In terms of就。。。而言;談到。。。;In the form of以。。。的形式;In defence of以保護(hù)。。。;此處為“就我們的外交政策而言?!?/p>
【2012屆吉林省吉林市高三第二次模擬】28. We must read not only between the lines, but sometimes ________ the lines so that we can fully understand the writer.
A. within B. among C. besides D. beyond
【答案】D
【解析】查介詞。此處beyond the lines意為“言外之意”。
【2012屆山東省菏澤重點(diǎn)高中高三下學(xué)期4月模擬】27. Some students often listen to music ___ ___ classes to refresh themselves.
A. between B. among C. over D. during
【答案】A
【解析】考查介詞的用法。此處between意為“位于/處在/介于……之間”,表示兩者或每?jī)烧咧g的關(guān)系。between classes表示“課間”。among意為“在(多數(shù))之中,在……中間”,表示三者或三者以上的人或物之間的關(guān)系,指“混合或摻雜在多數(shù)可分離的人或物之間”。over 意為“越過……”。during 意為“在……的期間,在……的時(shí)候”。
【2012屆廣西桂林市、崇左市、百色市、防城港市高考聯(lián)合調(diào)研】33.—You are so excellent.
—I don’t understand what you mean saying that.
A.by B.for C.of D.in
【答案】A
【解析】考查介詞的用法。解題關(guān)鍵:句型what do you mean by 。。。句意:我不明白你那么說的意思。
【2012屆浙江杭州重點(diǎn)高中原創(chuàng)模擬】13. ___________ the consequences of the chemical leaks, the specialists haven’t given final conclusion before they obtain accurate statistics.
A. With regard to B. As a result of C. In spite of D. In addition to
【答案】A
【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。with regard to 意為“關(guān)于”;as a result of 意為“由于…的結(jié)果”;in spite of 意為“盡管”; in addition to 意為“除…之外”。 句意為:關(guān)于化學(xué)泄露所產(chǎn)生的后果,專家在拿到準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)據(jù)之前,還沒有給出最后結(jié)論。故選A。
【2012屆北京海淀區(qū)高三一模】29. --- I’m going to have lunch. Do you mind talking about your plan ____ lunch?
---All right. I’ll wait here in the office.
A. after B. before C. over D. until
【答案】A
【解析】考查介詞題。在看到第一句話的時(shí)候本以為考查的是over在……同時(shí)的知識(shí)點(diǎn),難度較高。例如:Could you please have a talk with me over a cup of coffee?你能和我喝杯咖啡說說話嗎?表示在喝咖啡的同時(shí)說話。但是看到第二句話立刻暈倒,另一個(gè)人說在這里等,那明顯是午飯后再談,所以答案為A選項(xiàng)after。只要不胡亂添加中文意思,就不會(huì)誤選B選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)。
【2012屆江西省上饒市第一次高考模擬】26.The director will by no means turn the actress away all she is considered the most qualified for the role.
A.because of B.regardless of C.in spite of D.despite of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介詞短語的含義。句意:導(dǎo)演絕不會(huì)拒絕那個(gè)演員,因?yàn)樗徽J(rèn)為是這個(gè)角色最合格的演員。
英語語法----介詞Preposition(Prep.)
一名優(yōu)秀的教師在教學(xué)時(shí)都會(huì)提前最好準(zhǔn)備,教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案,這是教師的任務(wù)之一。教案可以讓學(xué)生更容易聽懂所講的內(nèi)容,讓教師能夠快速的解決各種教學(xué)問題。你知道怎么寫具體的教案內(nèi)容嗎?下面是小編精心為您整理的“英語語法----介詞Preposition(Prep.)”,歡迎大家閱讀,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
英語語法----介詞Preposition(Prep.)
一、定義:用在n.(或相當(dāng)于n.的其它詞類、短語或從句)之前,說明其與句子中另一成分的關(guān)系的詞,又稱前置詞。
二、分類:3種
1.簡(jiǎn)單介詞(SimplePrepositions)
e.g.about,above,behind,besides,down,during,in,near,round,since,towards,with
2.復(fù)合介詞(CompoundPrepositions)
e.g.fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,inside,outside,within,without,into,onto,outof,upon,throughout
3.短語介詞(PhrasalPrepositions)
e.g.accordingto,apartfrom(除……之外),asaresultof,asfor/to(至于,關(guān)于),
becauseof,dueto(由于),inadditionto(除……之外,不但=besides,infrontof,
inspiteof(盡管),insteadof,owingto(由于)
三、常見簡(jiǎn)單介詞的基本用法
1.about1)關(guān)于,有關(guān)e.g.
Ihavenotheardsomuch~him.Idon’tknowwhatyou’retalking~.
2)差不多,大約e.g.
About500Ssattendedthelecture.Aboutwhenwillyougoabroad?
3)表示地點(diǎn):在周圍,在附近,各處,到處e.g.
Treesareplanted~thelake.
Theylivesomewhere~thePeople’sSquare.
Don’tleaveyourbooks~yourdesk.Ihaven’tanysmallchange~/onme.
4)“即將”(近期將來)e.g.
Thefilmis~tobegin.It’snearly7:00.Thetrainis~toleave.
2.above1)在……上方e.g.
Abirdisflyingabovethewoods.Thereisaportraitabovetheblackboard.
2)(在數(shù)量上)超過e.g.
Themanisnotyetforty,butwell~thirty.
ThenumberofnewSsthisyearis~fourhundred.
3)(能力等)勝過,超越;因太困難、太好而不……e.g.
Theproblemis~me.(這問題太難我不懂。)
Johnis~alltheotherSsinmathematics.
3.across1)在……對(duì)面/對(duì)過e.g.
Myunclelives~myhome.Thereisabookshop~thestreet.
2)橫越,橫過e.g.
Thelittlegirlhelpedtheblindman~theriver.
Thetalltreefelldown~thestreet.
3)經(jīng)過……e.g.
Therevolutiondevelopedacrossthewholecentury.
4.after1)在……后(時(shí)間)e.g.
Afterwork/class,wewenthomeexcepthim.
Theday~tomorrowwewillgotoShanghai.
2)在……的后面(順序)e.g.
Pleaseshut/closethedoorafter/behindyou.
3)仿照,按照(引申意義)e.g.
Readafterme,please.Rewritethefollowingsentences~themodel.
Anewchurchwillbebuilt~theoldone.
4)追求(引申意義)e.g.
Whatareyouafter?Oh,hereisthethingI’mafter.
Ifyourun~twohares,you’llcatchneither.
5)固定詞組:e.g.
afteralllookafter=takecareof
5.against1)靠,倚,碰e.g.
Therainwasbeating~thewindows.Heputtheladderagainstthewall.
Hewasleaning~thewindow,reading.Themansawaharerun~atree.
2)反對(duì),禁止(引申意義)e.g.
Weareforpeaceand~war.Isthereanybody~thesuggestion?
3)違反,違背(引申意義)e.g.
Thissentenceis~grammar.
Intheolddaysgirlsweremarried~theirownwill.
Nobodyshoulddoanything~thelaw.
4)頂著,對(duì)著e.g.
Weplayedthefirsthalf(上半場(chǎng))~thewind.
Learningislikesailingaboat~thecurrent(氣流).
治學(xué)如同逆水行舟。
5)防備,準(zhǔn)備(引申意義)e.g.
Theysavedfirewood(干柴)~winter.Manisfightingabattle~pollution.
6.along順著,沿著e.g.
Treesareplanted~thestreet.
Walking~NanjingRoadyesterday,Imetanoldfriendofmine.
7.among在……當(dāng)中/中間≥3e.g.
XiaoSunisthebestone~hisclassmates.Theteacherissitting~theSs.
8.around1)在……的周圍,圍繞e.g.
Shewearsanecklace/watch~herneck/wrist.
Theearthturns/goes/travels~thesun.
2)在……各處e.g.
Hedidalotoftravel~thecountryduringthesummerholidays.
WeshowedourJapanesefriends~ourschool.
3)大約(時(shí)間、數(shù)量)e.g.
around/aboutthirtyyearsoldAbigelephantmayweigh~fivetons.
4)在……那邊e.g.
Thereisaschoolshop~theschoollibrary.
Aroundthecornerofthestreet,you’llseeasecond-handbookshop.
(舊書店)
9.at1)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、價(jià)錢、速度、年齡e.g.
atteno’clockattheschoolattheageof40
at(aspeedof)150kilometresanhour
Peopleliketobuyeggsfromhimbecausehesellsatalowerprice.
Note:表示價(jià)格時(shí),at須和price連用,如只說具體價(jià)錢,則用。e.g.
Iboughtthisdictionaryfor60yuan.
2)表示動(dòng)作之方向、目的:朝,向e.g.
Hethrewastoneatadog.Thefoxranattheboy.
Heshotatthebird,butmissedit/didn’tshootit.
3)處于某種狀態(tài)(引申意義)e.g.
Weareatmeeting.Thetwocountriesareatwar.
4)表示引起某種情緒的原因。e.g.
Wearesurprisedatyoursuccess.Theyweresadathearingsuchbadnews.
5)在……號(hào)召,召集,請(qǐng)求下(引申意義)e.g.
Hewrotetheletteratourrequest.
InOctober1986,QueenElizabethIIoftheGreatBritainvisitedChinaat
theinvitationoftheChinesegovernment.
6)固定詞組中:e.g.
atfirst,atlast,at(the)most,at(the)least,atonce,atpresent,athome,
atnight,atthebeginning,atthesametime,notatalletc.
10.before1)在……的前面(位置)反義behinde.g.
Hewasstanding~theclass,readytospeak.
Neverputthecartbeforethehorse.不要本末倒置。
2)在……以前(時(shí)間)反義aftere.g.
Handinyourpaper~Sunday.Wegetup~sixeverymorning.
11.behind1)在……的后面(位置)e.g.
Thegarage(車庫)is~thehouse.Hecameoutfrom~thedoor.
2)遲于,晚于,誤時(shí)/點(diǎn)e.g.
Thetrainisbehindtime.
Theplanewastwohours~timebecauseofthestorm.
3)劣于,不如,落后e.g.
Myoldfatherisbehindthetimes.
Becauseofhisillness,heis~theothersinhisstudies.
12.below1)在……下面e.g.
Hisofficeisbelowmine.Thetemperaturetodayis~freezingpoint.
2)低于e.g.
Heisbelowmeintheclass.
13.beside1)在……的旁邊e.g.
Hesatbesidemeatdinner.Thecity’slargeststadiumstands~alake.
2)相比(引申意義)e.g.
MyEnglishispoorbesideyours.
3)離題,與……無關(guān)e.g.
Thisis~thetopicfordiscussion.
Whatyouaretalkingaboutis~thepoint.
14.besides除……之外(還)e.g.
WeallwenttoBeijing~ourteacher.
Ilikemathematics,physics,besidesEnglish.
BesidesbeingthelargestcityinChina,Shanghaiisalsothecentreof
industry,education,scienceandculture.
Besides:表示加法,“除了……還有……”
Except:表示減法,“把……不算在其中”e.g.
Helikesdifferentkindsofsportsbesidesfootball.
Helikesdifferentkindsofsportsexceptfootball.
其它運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目+足球≠足球不在內(nèi)的多種不同運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目
Note:expectfor(除去部分與前面敘述內(nèi)容不屬于同一范疇)e.g.
Hiscompositionisgoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes.
(expectfor在意義上=exceptthat)
15.between1)在兩者之間e.g.
Cometomyofficebetween10and11o’clock.
What’sthedifferencebetween“between”and“among”?
2)表示兩者以上的相互關(guān)系e.g.
Aftertheyeachtouchedtheelephant,thesixblindmenquarreled
betweenthemselves.
Thereissomelittledifferencebetweenthethreewords.
Note:betweenamonge.g.
Thevillageliesbetweenthethreehills.TheteacherissittingamongtheSs.
16.beyond1)遠(yuǎn)在……之外e.g.
Theycamefrombeyondtheseas(海外).
Theaccidenthappenedbeyondthesquare.
Beyondthevillageisariver.村那面有條河.
2)超過,勝過,為……所不及e.g.
Thebookisbeyondme.這本書我看不懂。
17.but1)除了……之外(=except)e.g.
Theyalllikedthefilm~him.Noone~mewasintheofficejustnow.
Ihadnothingintheworldbutamillion-poundnote.
Thereisnothingforsupperbutsomenoodles.
Notes:①butprep.常與否定詞連用;②butprep.可跟不定式。e.g.
Thehibernatinganimalshavenochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.
IdidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight.
Ihadnothingtodo
如but前面有do或某種形式時(shí),常省略to。
2)用于固定詞組中。e.g.
①cannothelpbutdo不能不…;忍不住…②anythingbut根本不,決不
②nothingbut只有,只不過是…④butfor要不是
Icouldnothelpbutcry.我忍不住哭了出來。
Myincomeisanythingbutlarge.我的收入絕對(duì)不能算多。
Sheisanythingbuthonest.她決非誠(chéng)實(shí)之輩。
Thisisnothingbutajoke.
Butforthedoctor,Imighthavediedlongago.
18.by1)靠近,在……旁邊e.g.
Thenewlibrarystandsbytheriver.Thereisatalltreebytheriver.
Hewasstandingbythewindow,reading.
2)由……旁邊經(jīng)過,路過,沿著e.g.
Igobyhisofficeeveryday.Hepassedbymewithoutsayingaword.
3)用……方法/手段e.g.
bybike,train,bus,plane,air,water,sea
Thelittlematchgirlearnedherlivingbysellingmatches.
Riceseedlings(稻秧)usedtobeplantedbyhand.
4)表示程度、尺寸、數(shù)量、時(shí)間e.g.
Heispaidbythehour.What’sthetimebyyourwatch?
Inthe100-metrerace,JohnbeatDickbyashoulder.
5)到……時(shí)候,不遲于e.g.
I’llreturnthebookstohimbyWednesdaymorning.
He’llcertainlycomeby5o’clock..
Bytheendoflastweek,wehadlearned15units.
6)依據(jù),奉命e.g.
Neverjudgepeoplebytheirappearance/whattheywear.
7)組成介詞短語e.g.
byandby(不久)onebyone(一個(gè)個(gè)地)
daybyday(天天不斷地)stepbystep(一步步地)
sidebyside(肩并肩)littlebylittle(逐漸地)
bychance(偶然,碰巧)byheart(默記下來)
byoneself(獨(dú)自地)bytheway(順便提/問一下)
19.down1)往下e.g.
Theboyfelldownthestairsandbrokehisarm.
Itwasalmostdarkwhenhewentdownthehill.
2)updown
城市、北、河上游、近處鄉(xiāng)村、南、河下游、遠(yuǎn)處e.g.
Theywereswimmingup/downtheriver.I’llgouptoTianjintomorrow.
Doyouseethemanwalkingdownthestreet?He’smyuncle.
(并非路面此高彼低,而是那個(gè)人離說話人而去。)
20.during在……的期間/時(shí)候e.g.
Thestoryhappened~the(American)CivilWar.
Duringtheday,thelightcomesinthroughthewindow.
LaoWangwasinchargeofthefactory~themanager’sabsence.
Gooveryourlessons~yourholidays.
21.except除……以外e.g.
WehavelessonsexceptSunday.
22.for1)為了(表示目的,指人、物)e.g.
Icamehereformypen.Whatareyoudoingthatfor?
Iboughtthewatchformywife’sbrotherasapresent.
2)贊成,支持(表示同意、愿望等)e.g.
Idon’tlikesummer,I’mforcoolweather.Weareforpeaceandagainstwar.
3)替,為,對(duì)于,供e.g.
Iwrotealetterforhim.(Iwrotealettertohim.是何義?)
I’llreadthereportforyou.(I’llreadthereporttoyou.是何義?)
That’llbebadforyourhealth.
4)就……而言e.g.
Youlookyoungforyourage.
Thetemperatureisstillabove33℃.It’scertainlyhotforSeptember.
5)表示目的:去,向e.g.
Let’sgoforawalk/dinner.thetrainforTaiyuan
6)限定于,供……用的,給……的e.g.
Theseticketsarefortomorrow.
ThereisaTVset,atelephoneandothernecessities.Theyareallforyou.
7)當(dāng)作,作為e.g.
Wetookhimforanhonestman.
8)由于,因?yàn)椤木壒蔱.g.
Hewassenttoprisonforstealing.
9)Itis/was+adj./n.+for/ofsb.todosth.
23.from1)自從,來自e.g.
Iam(come)/was(came)fromWuhan.我是武漢人/我從武漢來。
Susancomesfromaworkingclassfamily.
2)離……(有多遠(yuǎn))e.g.
Myofficeisfarfromhere.Theparkisjustfiveminutes’walkfromhere.
3)表示原因,來源e.g.
sufferfromdiefrom/of
4)固定詞組中e.g.
⑴bemadefrom/of⑵fromthe(very)beginning
⑶frombeginningtoend⑷frommorningto/tillevening/night
⑸fromnow/then/todayon⑹fromtimetotime
⑺fromdaytoday⑻frombadtoworse
⑼fromvillagetovillage(house,person,…)⑽beabsentfrom
⑾bedifferentfrom⑿prevent…(from)doing…
24.in1)在……范圍和空間內(nèi)e.g.
inavillageinatreeinthebedinthesunintheraininherhand
Therearemanyapplesontheappletree.
2)在某種狀態(tài)、境遇下;穿著某種衣服e.g.
Henoddedinsatisfaction.Sheisinwhite/blue/yellow/green/red.
3)表示時(shí)間:A.在……世紀(jì),……年……月e.g.
inthe20thcenturyinMay,1983inthe1870s
Note:inthethirties≠inhisthirties
在30年代在他三十幾歲時(shí)
B.從現(xiàn)在算起若干時(shí)間以后。e.g.
Hewillcomebackintwoweeks.(howsoon)
C.在……時(shí)間內(nèi)e.g.
Romewasnotbuiltinaday.(英諺:大器晚成)
ZhouYuorderedZhugeLiangtomake100,000arrowsinonemonth.
Liangdiditinthreedays.
4)在……方面e.g.
I’mweakinEnglish.
Inbuildingsocialism,weneedtolearngoodexperiencefromothernations.
havesome/nodifficulty/trouble(in)doing…
5)表示方式、手段e.g.
inEnglishinpen/pencilwithapen/pencil
inabus/trainbybus/trainonhisbike
6)固定詞組e.g.
inall總共,總計(jì)inpublic公開地inturn輪流地
inone’sopinion在某人看來insecret秘密地inreturn作為回報(bào)
inshort總之inneed(of)需要inaway在某種意義上,從某種意義上說
infactinfrontofin(the)futureintimeintroubleinaword
inotherwordsinahurryinspiteof盡管intheworld
25.like象,似,和……一樣e.g.
toswimlikeafish
LikeLeiFeng,wemustservethepeopleheartandsoul.
Inhisopinion,CocaColatasteslikemedicine.
26.near1)在……的附近e.g.
Don’tsitneartheTVset,youmaygetnear-sighted.
Ourschoolisquitenearmyhome.
2)將近(時(shí)間)e.g.
It’slunchtime.Shallwestopwork?Heisneartwentyyearsold.
Note:near與nearto同義,near普遍。但在比較級(jí)及最高級(jí)中,to不能省。
Helivesnearer/nearesttothedepartmentstore.
27.of1)“的”(所有格)。e.g.
thenameofthebookthemapofHangzhou
thelegsofthedeskthetailofapig
2)表示同位關(guān)系。e.g.
thecityofRome/Pisa/TianjinthetownofYouguzhuang
I’msendingmybestwishestothetwoofyouforahappylife.
3)用在表示數(shù)量、種類等意義的詞組中。e.g.
apieceofchalkaglassofbearacupoftea
agroupofSsakindoffoodalotoftime/books
4)表示動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。e.g.
theDefenceofYan’anloveofstudy/one’scountry
ThisbookishelpfultomystudyofEnglish.
Parents’loveofchildrenismosttouching.
5)用于某些比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu)中。e.g.
Ofthetwobrotherswhichisthetaller?OfallfruitsIlikeorangebest.
Ofallthestarsinthesky,thesunisthenearesttous/theearth.
OfalltheSsinourclass,ChenYilongisthetallest.
Note:在帶這種of短語的句子中,比較級(jí)前要用the。e.g.
Ofthehorseanddog,whichrunsthefaster?
6)of與age,height,size,weight,colour連用時(shí)可以省略。e.g.
Ihaveadaughter(of)yourage.
Weare(of)thesameage,height,weight,size.
28.off1)從……離開,分離e.g.
Keepoffthegrass.Whilecleaningthewindow,hefelloffthechair.
2)扣除e.g.
Ifyoubuyadozen,Iwillgiveyou10%offtheprice.
Youcangettenpointsforeachcorrectanswer.Butifyouransweriswrong,
10pointswillbetakenoffyou.
29.on1)表示接觸(不一定在上面)e.g.
Thereareafewfliesontheceiling.Thereisapictureonthewall.
Iwanttobeasailorsailingonthesea.
2)在某天、某天的早晨、上午、晚上e.g.
onSaturday/WednesdayonOct10th,2003
onthemorning/eveningofOct10/thebicyclerace
3)原始概念“接觸”,引申意義“在進(jìn)行中”e.g.
onfireonsale
Heisondutynow.TheyareonholidayinDalian.
4)關(guān)于,論及e.g.
OnPractice《實(shí)踐論》abookonEnglish/radio
Heisonthecommittee.他是委員會(huì)委員之一。(屬于)
Haveyouanyideaonthesubject?ThisbookisonbasicEnglishgrammar.
Alecturewillbegivenonhowtouseprepositions.
5)(表示時(shí)間)在……時(shí)候;剛一……就e.g.
Hesaidhelloonseeingme.
Onhearingthenews,theyjumpedwithjoy.
Onhis(Kunta’s)arrivalhewassoldtoafarmerandworkedinthefields.
6)固定結(jié)構(gòu)e.g.
⑴onduty⑵ontime⑶onfire⑷ontheonehand⑸ontheotherhand
⑹ondisplay(展出)⑺onsale(出售)⑻onleave(在休假)
⑼onpurpose(故意)⑽onthewhole(總的說來)⑾ontheleft/right
⑿onthespot(當(dāng)場(chǎng))⒀onandoff=offandon(斷斷續(xù)續(xù))
⒁onandon不停地⒂andsoon(等等)
30.over1)在……的上面(⊥)e.g.
Thesunshinesovertheearthinthedaytime.
Theskyovermewasclearandbeautiful.
2)(數(shù)量上)超過=morethane.g.
Ithinkheiswellover/above50,andyet(heis)sostrong.
OvertwohundredSsattendedthemeeting.
3)越過e.g.
ManytimeshehasswumovertheYangtzeRiver.
Thereisbridgeovertheriver.
ZhangJianswan~theEnglishChannelsuccessfullyin2003.
4)在……時(shí)間中e.g.
Youhavemadegreatprogressinyourstudiesoverthepastyear.
Someoftherubbish,rotsawayoveralongperiodoftime.
31.past1)過了……(時(shí)間、年齡)e.g.
halfayearpastmiddleage
2)從……穿過去e.g.
Hewalked~mewithout(saying)aword.
WhenIwent~theP.O.thismorning,Isawpeopleliningupfora
dragonstamp.
32.(a)round1).環(huán)繞,在……周圍e.g.
tosit~thetableTheearthgoes/turns/moves~thesun.
2)在各處;到處
tolook~theroom環(huán)顧全室totravel~thecountry在全國(guó)各地旅游
3)=about(約)
33.since自從……以來
Ihaveworkedfor21years~I(xiàn)camehere.
Hehasbeeninpoorhealth~thebeginningoftheterm.
Note:since強(qiáng)調(diào)從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間完成發(fā)生之事(完成時(shí))
after僅表示過去某一時(shí)間后的情況(過去時(shí))
e.g.Sincethenhehasmetalotoftrouble.Afterthathemetalotoftrouble.
34.through1)(表地區(qū))通過,經(jīng)過
walkthroughthegatelookthrough透過……看
Alittleriverruns~thevillage.Therainbeatin~thebrokenwindow.
2)用某種工具,通過某種方式,由于某種原因e.g.
HelearnedEnglish~TV.Ilearnedthenews~him.
Theaccidenthappened~thedriver’scarelessness.
3)整個(gè)……期間e.g.
Hewasasleep~themeeting.all~thewinter
I’llneverforgetthelesson(教訓(xùn))allmylife.
35.till1)到……為止;2)直到e.g.
frommorningtill/tonight
Istayedintheofficetill7o’clock.I’llwaitforyoutillyourreturn.
36.to1)(表示方向)向,往;(針)對(duì)e.g.
Itookmydaughtertothezooyesterday.Japanis/liestotheeastofChina.
theway~thefactoryfall~thegroundturn~theleft
2)到,迄(表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量、范圍、程度)e.g.
aquartertoninetothisday(直到今天)
Ithinkheis(from)30to35.
3)(表示對(duì)比;比較)比;對(duì)e.g.
tentoone十比一;十有八九
2isto6as3isto9.二比六等于三比九。
4)按照,適合;伴隨音樂e.g.
make…toone’s(own)measure按照某人(自己)的尺寸做……
Shesangtothepiano.Theydancedtothemusic.
Incompetitionswomenperformsomeoftheirexercisestomusic,so
dance,gymnasticsandmusicareallconnected.(SBIII,P.50)
5)固定詞組中e.g.
hearttoheart(talk)促膝(談心)shouldertoshoulder
kneetoknee促膝facetoface
totheend到底tothepoint切題
toone’staste合某人口味toone’smind在某人看來
toone’sjoy,delight,happiness,sadness,surprise,anger,disappointment,etc.
37.toward(s)1)向(表示方向=to)e.g.
Hewalked~thenorth.Shesatwithhisback~thewindow.
2)對(duì)于,對(duì)待(=to)e.g.
Don’tbecruel~animals.Teachersshouldbestrict~theirSs.
3)(指時(shí)間、年齡)快到,接近e.g.
Itmustbe~fouro’clock.Hisfatheris~50.
Towardsevening,thewindstartedblowinghard.
38.under1)在……下面(┳)e.g.
Hestoodunderatree.bookunderarmunderthetable
2)在……領(lǐng)導(dǎo),指導(dǎo),統(tǒng)治,控制之下e.g.
UnderthecorrectleadershipoftheParty,thelifeoftheChinesepeople
isgettingbetterandbetter.
Theymadeasuccessfulexperiment~theguidanceoftheirteacher.
3)(表示主語狀況、狀態(tài))在修理、建造、治療中e.g.
Thehouseis~repair.Anothermodernhotelis~construction.
Heis~medicaltreatment.Thenewplanis~discussion.
4)不到(表示年齡、數(shù)量等)e.g.
Thegirlisunder10yearsold.
Intheyear2002,amannamedJohnsonfromCanada,ranahundred
metresundertenseconds.
39.until1)直到(=till)e.g.
Thetwofriendstalked~midnight.
XiaoGangkept(on)writinghiscomposition~10o’clock,forgettinghissupper.
2)直到……才(用于否定句)e.g.
Theraindidnotstop~thismorning.
Theheavyfogdidnotdisappear~after9o’clockwhenthesuncameout.
40.up(與down反義)1)向上e.g.
Seeingalargebearcomingtowardshim,themanquicklyclimbedupatree.
Hewentupthehilltoseethefamouschurch.
2)updown
城市、北、河上游、近處鄉(xiāng)村、南、河下游、遠(yuǎn)處e.g.
WefirstvisitedNanjing,andthenwentuptheGuangzhou-Beijing
RailwayLine.
Justthen,theysawacarracingattopspeeduptheroad.
(汽車迎著他們飛馳而來。)
41.with1)用(工具、器械等)e.g.
Mostpeoplewritewiththeirrighthand.
Inthisway,theykilledtwobirdswithonestone.
Hewrotetheletterwithapen/pens.(具體工具)
inpen.(原材料)
2)和,與,同e.g.
Asitwasbeginningtorain,hewentout~anumbrella.
Yesterdayhewenttothecinema~hisfather.
3)穿,戴,有e.g.
Hewenttotheseasidewithsunglassesandawhitecaponhishand.
Chinaisalargecountry~alonghistory.
Isawanoldmanwithgreyhair.
Iboughtabook~alotofpicturesinit.
4)由于e.g.
Hearingthegoodnews,wejumpedwithjoy.
Withafamilyofeighttosupport,themancouldnotenjoyhimself
withicecream.
5)隨著e.g.
Withthepassingoftheyears,hishairbecamewhite.
Withthedevelopmentofmodernagricultureandindustry,moreandmore
wasteisproduced.
6)盡管e.g.
Withallhiswealth,heisunhappy.
7)和……同時(shí)e.g.
Igetupwiththesun.(天一亮我就起床。)
Withthesewords,heleftthemeeting-room
8)用于被動(dòng)e.g.
Theground/mountainwascoveredwithsnow.(狀態(tài))
Sometimesthestreetsarecoveredwithice.(狀態(tài))
四、一些表示時(shí)間的介詞用法比較
1.since一段時(shí)間的起點(diǎn),與完成時(shí)連用
from某時(shí)間的起點(diǎn),常與to/till連用e.g.
from8to10from1840to1997fromMondaytoFriday
Hehaswrittentwonovelssince2000.
2.till連續(xù)一段時(shí)間的終點(diǎn)
by完成的期限“到時(shí)候已經(jīng)”
to幾點(diǎn)差幾分的鐘點(diǎn),或與from連用e.g.
I’llstayheretill6.I’llbehereby6.
from(the)beginningto(the)endaquartertofive
3.in從現(xiàn)在算起的一段時(shí)間結(jié)束時(shí)
after不從現(xiàn)在算起的一段時(shí)間或時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)之后e.g.
I’llbebackinthreedays.
Hecamebackafteraweek/aweeklater.
I’llgototheplaygroundafterclass/dinner.
4.for一段時(shí)間,回答howlong提出的問題
during一個(gè)時(shí)期,回答when提出的問題e.g.
You’velearnedEnglishforover5years.I’llstayinHarbinforamonth.
Heoftenfallsasleepduringthelesson.
五、一些表示空間的介詞用法
(一)地點(diǎn)
toat(away)fromawayfrom
XXXX
1234
e.g.1.Hewenttothedoor.
2.Hestayedathome.
3.Hecamefromthestation.
4.Hewentawayfromtheschool.
(二)線段
●
●
on(to)onoffoffacrossalong
123456
e.g.1.Themonkeyjumpedontothecrocodile’sback.
2.NanjingisontheChangjiangRiver.
3.Westartoffat7.
4.Hestoodofftheroad.
5.Hewalkedacrossthestreet.
6.Hewalkedalongtheriver/street.
(三)平面
●
●
on(to)onoffoffacrossthrough
123456
e.g.1.Hefellontothefloor.
2.Thereisapencilonthedesk.
3.Hetooktheportraitoffthewall.
4.Theportraitisoffthewall.畫沒貼墻上。
5.Hetookawalk/walkedacrossthefields.
6.Helookedthroughthewindow.
(四)區(qū)域
●●●
●
in(to)inoutofoutofthrough
12345
e.g.1.Hearrivedinthecity.
2.Hehasahouseinthecity.
3.Theyflewoutofthecountry.
4.Hestayedoutofthehouse.
5.Hewentforawalkthroughthepark.
(五)立體
●●
intoinoutofoutofthrough
12345
e.g.1.Heranintothehouse.
2.Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom.
3.Heclimbedoutofthelake.
4.Hewasoutoftheroom.
5.Thewindblewthroughthetrees.
五、常見介詞用法比較
1.at小地方in大地方e.g.
Hearrivedathestationatten.Hearrivedinthecity/ChinainMay.
2.斜above上方over正e.g.
below下方under
Thewatercameaboveourknees.Hisofficeisbelowmine.
Thelamphangsoverthedesk.Thedogislyingonthetable.
3.betweenamong
4.besidesexcept
5.inwith
6.by行為執(zhí)行者with具體工具e.g.
Hewaskilledbytheenemy.Thepaperwascutbyaknife.
7.in在某范圍以內(nèi)的地方
to在某范圍以外的地方
on表示“毗鄰、接壤”e.g.
Fujianlies/isinthesouthofChina.
Fujianlies/istothesouthofJiangsuProvince.
MongolialiesonthenorthofChina.
ChinafacesthePacificontheeast.=Chinalies/isonthewestofthePacific.
備戰(zhàn)高考英語(通用版)一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題03介詞及介詞短語
備戰(zhàn)高考英語(通用版)一輪復(fù)習(xí)
專題03介詞及介詞短語
介詞主要考查近義詞的用法區(qū)別、介詞的特定含義、介詞和連詞易混淆的項(xiàng)目、介詞的固定用法等,在年和全國(guó)各地高考試題中,都涉及到介詞的考查,不僅在單項(xiàng)填空中進(jìn)行考查,在短文改錯(cuò)題中,對(duì)于介詞的有無、介詞與其他詞的固定搭配的考查尤為頻繁。筆者認(rèn)為因?yàn)榻樵~的用法非常普遍,它關(guān)系到句子的上下銜接,所以以后的高考題介詞仍然是一個(gè)考查熱點(diǎn)。
高考研究介詞是英語中比較活躍的詞,中學(xué)階段所學(xué)的介詞有40多個(gè)。它與名詞、形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞等構(gòu)成搭配時(shí)用法靈活,意義豐富。搭配比較活躍的介詞主要有in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。預(yù)測(cè)今后高考介詞的考查將以介詞的固定短語和介詞辨析為主。在學(xué)習(xí)介詞時(shí),應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握介詞的基本用法,同時(shí)注意總結(jié)其與名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等搭配構(gòu)成的短語的意思和用法。
介詞又叫前置詞,是一種虛詞。
1.介詞可按其構(gòu)成分為:
(1)簡(jiǎn)單介詞,即一個(gè)介詞,如about,at,in,of,since等。
(2)復(fù)合介詞,由兩個(gè)介詞組成,如asfor,asto,outof等。?
(3)二重介詞,由兩個(gè)介詞搭配而成,但沒有復(fù)合介詞那樣固定,如fromunder,frombehind,untilafter,exceptin等。?
(4)短語介詞,由短語構(gòu)成,如?according?to,becauseof,inspiteof,onbehalfof,withreferenceto等。?
(5)分詞介詞,由現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成,如regarding,concerning,including等。
2.介詞還可按其詞義分為下列常見的幾種:
(1)表地點(diǎn)(包括動(dòng)向),如about,
above,across,after,along,among,around,at,before,behind,below,beneath,beside,between,beyond,by,down,from,in,into,near,off,on,over,through,throughout,to,towards,under,up,upon,with,within,without等。?
[注]有不少表地點(diǎn)的介詞可表動(dòng)向,除很明顯的across,around,over,towards,near外,還有among,behind,beneath,between,on,to,under等。
(2)表時(shí)間,如about,after,around,as,at,before,behind,between,by,during,for,from,in,into,of,on,over,past,since,through,throughout,till(until),to,towards,within等。?
(3)表除去,如besides,but,except等。?
(4)表比較,如as,like,above,over等。?
(5)表反對(duì),如against,with等。?
(6)表原因、目的,如for,with,from等。?
(7)表結(jié)果,如to,with,without等。?
(8)表手段、方式,如by,in,with等。?
(9)表所屬,如of,with等。?
(10)表?xiàng)l件,如on,without,?considering?等。?
(11)表讓步,如despite,inspiteof等。?
(12)表關(guān)于,如about,concerning,?regarding?,withregardto,asfor,asto等。?
(13)表對(duì)于,如to,for,over,at,with等。?
(14)表根據(jù),如on,accordingto等。?
(15)表其他,如for(贊成),without(沒有)等。?
(一)介詞的句法功能
介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中做成份,介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成份,表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。
1、作定語:Thebookonthetableismine.
2、作狀語:Wehavebreakfastatseven.(表時(shí)間);Theywerelateformeetingbecauseoftheheavyrain.(表原因);Theystartedthemachinebypressingthebutton.(表方法)
3、作表語:Mydictionary中學(xué)isinthebag.
4、作賓語補(bǔ)足語:Ifoundhimintheoffice.
(二)主要介詞區(qū)別
1、表示時(shí)間的at,in,on:at表示片刻的時(shí)間,如:at8o’clock,常用詞組有:atnoon,atnight,atmidnight,attheendof,atthattime,atthebeginningof,attheageof,atChristmas,atNewYear等。in表示一段的時(shí)間,如:inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,inOctober,in1998,insummer,inthepast,inthefuture等。on總是跟日子有關(guān),onMonday,onChristmasmorning,onthefollowing,onMayDay,onawarmmorning等。
2、表示時(shí)間的since和from:since表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過程,常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。from表示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開始,不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)連用。如:Ihopetodomorningexercisesfromtoday./Wehavenotseeneachothersince1995.
3、表示時(shí)間的in和after:兩者都表示“在(某個(gè)時(shí)間)之后,區(qū)別在于in表示“在(一段時(shí)間)之后”,而after則表示“在(某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后)”,in短語和將來時(shí)態(tài)連用,after短語和過去時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)連用。如:We’llbebackinthreedays./Afterseventherainbegantofall./Whatshallwedoaftergraduation?
注意:after有時(shí)也可以表示在一段時(shí)間之后(常用在過去時(shí)里)。如:Aftertwomonthshereturned.
4、表示地理位置的in,on,to:in表示在某范圍內(nèi),on指與什么毗鄰,to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。如:ChangchunisinthenortheastofChina./MongoliaisonthenorthofChina./JapanistotheeastofChina.
5、表示“在……上”的on和in:on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。如:Thereisabookonthepieceofpaper./Thereisaninterestingarticleinthenewspaper./Hedugaholeinthewall.
6、表示“穿過……”的through和across:through表示從內(nèi)部通過,與in有關(guān);across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過,與on有關(guān)。如:Waterflowsthroughthepipe./Theoldmanwalkedacrossthestreet.
7、inthecorner,onthecorner,atthecorner:inthecorner表示在角落里,in指角的內(nèi)面;onthecorner表示“在角上”,on指的不是內(nèi)面,也不是外面,而含內(nèi)外兼有之意;atthecorner指“在拐角處”,at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如:Thelampstandsinthecorneroftheroom./Imetwithhimatthestreetcorner./Hesatonthecornerofthetable.
8、intheend,attheendof,bytheendof:intheend作“最后”、“終于”解,可單獨(dú)使用,后不接介詞of;attheendof表示“在……末梢”,“到……盡頭”,既可指時(shí)間,也可以指地上或物體。不可單獨(dú)使用;bytheendof作“在……結(jié)束時(shí)”,“到……末為止”解,只能指時(shí)間。不可單獨(dú)使用。如:Intheendtheyreachedaplaceofsafety./Attheendoftheroadstandsabeautifulgarden./TheydecidedtohaveanEnglisheveningattheendofthisweek./bytheendoflastmonthhehadfinishedthenovel.
9、表示“關(guān)于”的about和on:兩者都有“關(guān)于”的意思,不過前者為一般用詞,而后者為較正式的“論述”。如:Hecametotellmeaboutsomethingimportant./Hewroteabookonscience.
10、between,among:一般說來,between表示兩者之間,among用于三者或三者以上的中間。如:Youaretositbetweenyourfatherandme./Heisalwayshappyamonghisclassmates.
注意:但有時(shí)說的雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西,如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系,適用于between。如:Agreementsweremadebetweenthedifferentcountries.在談到一些事物或一組事物,而把它們視為分居兩邊時(shí)用between。如:Thelittlevalleyliesbetweenhighmountains.。在談事物間的差別時(shí),總是用between。如:Theydon’tknowthedifferencebetweenwheat,oatsandbarley.
11、besides,except,but,exceptfor:besides指“除了……還有,再加上”。如:Allwentoutbesidesme.;except指“除了,減去什么”,不能放在句首。如:Allwentoutexceptme.;but與except意思近似,表示“除了……外”經(jīng)常用在no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything等和其他疑問詞后面。如:Ineversawhimreadinganythingbutthenewspaper.;exceptfor表示“如無……就,只是”表明理由細(xì)節(jié)。如:Hisdiaryisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.。
12、表示“用”的in和with:表示工具的“用”,用with,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等的“用”,用in。如:Heiswritingaletterwithapen./Hewrotetheletterinpencil./Wemeasureditinpounds./Readthetextinaloudvoice./TellmethestoryinEnglish.
13、inchargeof和inthechargeof:兩者都表示“由誰負(fù)責(zé)、照顧、管理”。區(qū)別在于:inchargeof后接被照管的人或物,而inthechargeof后面則跟照管的人。如:Whoisinchargeoftheproject?/Theprojectisinthechargeofanengineer.。
14、as,like:as作“作為”、“以……地位或身份”解。如:Letmespeaktoyouasafather.(事實(shí)是父親);like作“象……一樣”解。如:Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather.(事實(shí)上不是父親)。
15、infrontof和inthefrontof:infrontof=before,是“在……前面”的意思(不在某物內(nèi));inthefrontof則是“在……前部”的意思(在某物內(nèi))。如:Thereisadeskinfrontoftheblackboard./Theboysatinthefrontofthecar.。
16、in,into:into表示動(dòng)向,不表示目的地或位置。如:Wewalkedintothepark.;in通常表示位置。如:Wewalkedinthepark;in和drop,fall,put,throw,break等終止性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),也可以表示動(dòng)向。如:Ihaveputthecoinin(into)mypocket.我把硬幣放進(jìn)衣袋。
復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需注意的要點(diǎn)
1、介詞一般放在名詞之前,但它后面的介詞賓語是疑問代詞、疑問副詞或者關(guān)系代詞時(shí),這些詞提到了前面而只剩下介詞在后了。
2、介詞和動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞等常常構(gòu)成固定搭配,也就是說,在這些詞的后面常常要求用一定的介詞。這一點(diǎn)在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要特別注意。如:
a.動(dòng)詞+介詞:laughat,waitfor
b.形容詞、過去分詞+介詞:begoodat,beproudof
c名詞+介詞:payavisitto,thekeyto
3、表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞,連接的雙方只取其一。常用連詞有or,either...or,otherwise
例如:
a)YoucangotoBeijingeithertodayortomorrow.
b)Youmustgetupearlyoryouwon’tcatchtheearlybus.
4、表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,連接的雙方構(gòu)成對(duì)比,意義上有轉(zhuǎn)折。常用連詞有but,however,while,only
例如:
a)Hisbrotherisfondoffootballwhilehelikesbasketball.
b)YoucanwatchTV,butyoumustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.
5、表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系,聯(lián)合的雙方是對(duì)等的,意義上趨向一致。常用連詞有:and,both...and,neither...nor,notonly...butalso,aswellas
TostudyEnglishwell,weneedbothdiligenceandcareful.
Thathorseisnotonlytheyoungestamongthefive,butalsorunsthefastest.
6、表示因果關(guān)系,連接的雙方,互為因果,或者前因后果,或者前果后因。常用的連詞有:for,so
例如:
Itmusthaverained,forthegroundiswet.
考點(diǎn)1常見介詞的活用
by,with,against,over,on,in,at,besides,for等是??嫉慕樵~。掌握這些介詞的用法和意義、準(zhǔn)確把握句子語境是解題的關(guān)鍵。下面是近年高考考查最多的幾個(gè)介詞,應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握:
1.over可表位置,意為“在……上方,越過;遮住,蓋住”,也可表時(shí)間,意為“在……期間,(多年)以來”等,它還有“在……(問題)上,對(duì)(某事)”等引申意義。如:
①Y0ucan’twearabluejacketoverthatshirt—it’IIlookterrible.你不能在那件襯衣外面再穿上藍(lán)色的夾克——太難看了。
②Wehadapleasantchatoveracupoftea.我們一邊喝茶一邊愉快地交談。
③Wehearditovertheradio.我們從廣播中聽到了它。
2.by的主要意思有“在……旁,靠近;乘(車、船等);不遲于;到……為止;被,由;根據(jù),按照(關(guān)系);通過……方式”等,還可以用來表示增加或減少的程度。by構(gòu)成的常見短語有:
byandby不久,遲早byandlarge大體上
byoneself單獨(dú)bytheway順便說說
byfar……得多,最……bychance碰巧
byaccident偶然地bymeansof借助
bynomeans絕不,一點(diǎn)也不bymistake錯(cuò)誤地
①Thewaterintheriverrosebytwometers.河水上漲了兩米。
②HeisanEnglishmanbybirth.他在血統(tǒng)上是英國(guó)人。
3.with可以用來表示“帶有,擁有;隨著;就……來說;用,以;和,與;對(duì)于,關(guān)于”等意思。with還可用來表示原因。如:
①Heturnedredwithanger.他氣得臉變紅了。
②Theproblemwithlookingintospacefromtheearthisthatthereisalotofdustintheearth’sair.從地球上觀察太空存在一個(gè)問題,就是地球的大氣中有大量的塵埃。
4.beyond這個(gè)詞同學(xué)們平時(shí)接觸的機(jī)會(huì)不是太多,但它卻是一個(gè)考查熱點(diǎn)。beyond表示“(時(shí)間)過了,比……晚,遲于;(位置)在……那邊,超出……之外;(范圍)超過,為……所
不及,超出……的范圍”等意思。如:
①Theyarrivedbeyondnineo’clock.他們過了9:00才到。
②Thebookisbeyondme.這本書我看不懂。
③Tomisfarbeyondhiselderbrotherinmaths.湯姆的數(shù)學(xué)比他哥哥的好多了。
典例:(2010高考英語四川卷,5)Tired,Jimwasfastasleepwithhisback______abigtree.
A.inB.belowC.besideD.against
考點(diǎn)2介詞的固定搭配-
高考主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)固定短語的掌握程度、對(duì)短語意義的了解以及介詞在這些固定搭配中的應(yīng)用。
1.名詞詞組:onthecontrary相反;inturn依次;inone’sopinion根據(jù)某人的看法;offtime準(zhǔn)時(shí);outofreach夠不著
2.動(dòng)詞詞組:remindsbofsth提醒某人某事;robsbofsth搶劫某人的……;restdtfrom由……引起;callat訪問(某地)
3.形容詞詞組:becuriousabout對(duì)……好奇;beproudof因……而自豪;bepopularwith受到……的歡迎
4.介詞短語:apartfrom除……Pb;inadditionto除……之外(還);becauseof因?yàn)?;insteadof代替;infearof為……提心吊膽;forfearof以免;incaseof防備;thanksto由于;inthemiddleof在……中間;accordingto根據(jù);infrontof在……前面;inreturnfor作為對(duì)……的回報(bào);inchargeof負(fù)責(zé);asaresultof作為……的結(jié)果;inexchangefor與……交換等
典例:(2010高考英語江西卷,34)Nowadayssomehospitalsrefertopatients______name,notcasenumber.
AofBasCbyDwith
C
考查介詞辨析。句意:如今有些醫(yī)院是以姓名來查閱患者的,而不是憑病例編號(hào)(去查詢的)。byname按姓名.
考點(diǎn)3核心介詞用法歸納與辨析
1.表示時(shí)間的介詞in的用法如下。表示在某一較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi),如世紀(jì)、年、月、季、周等一般用介詞in,如:inthe1990s,inJanuary,in(the)winter
in和during表一段時(shí)間內(nèi)兩詞可互用。如:inthenight,duringthenight,inthewar,duringthewar。但略有區(qū)別:當(dāng)接表示“活動(dòng)”的抽象名詞時(shí)多用during,接“活動(dòng)”的動(dòng)名詞及短語時(shí)用in。如:duringthediscussion/indiscussingtheproblemduringherstayinHubei/inplayingbasketball/duringthecourseof/indiggingthetunnel
2.在具體的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。
3.表示某一時(shí)刻或某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用at,如小時(shí)、分鐘等。
有些時(shí)間名詞前有one,each,any,every,some,all,next,last,that修飾時(shí),不接介詞。如:
thatday,nextSundaysomeday,oneday
4.till、until、to的用法。
(1)till(until)與持續(xù)動(dòng)詞連用一般用于肯定句中,與短暫動(dòng)詞連用一般用在否定句中。如:
Hewaitedformetilltwelveo’clock.
Hedidn’tgetuptill(until)10a.m.(不可用to)
但注意:在句首出現(xiàn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中一般不用till而用?until?。如:
Notuntil9a.m.didMr.Smithcomebacktoschool.
(2)to表“終結(jié)”時(shí)常和from連用,但要注意不與from連用時(shí)的意義。如:
fromJulytoSeptember,fromsixto(till)eight(從……到……為止),但frommorningtillnight(從早到晚),不能用to。
5.表示方式、手段、工具的介詞
(1)bytheyear/hour/day按年/小時(shí)/天,但tothepound按磅算,totheton按噸計(jì)。
(2)表泛指的方式、手段:bypost,bytelephone(radio),但onthephone/ontheradio/onTV(電訊器材),byelectricity,byhardwork,learnsth.byheart,throughthesatellite,throughpractice,throughhisownefforts,throughexperience,throughthetelescope
(3)交通工具類。另外:bymeansof用……方法,bywayof經(jīng)由,取道于,用……方法;withthehelp(permission)ofsb./withsb.’shelp(permission)“在……幫助下”。
(4)表方式、手段的其他用法。
Hebeatthedogwithawhip.(with+工具、機(jī)器)
Onesmellswithhisnose.(with+人體器官,但byhand“手工,用手”)
Hestoodupwithpride.(with+情緒、情感、態(tài)度的名詞)
注意:使用語言、材料、文字等用in。如inEnglish(ink,pencil)。另外如:
inhigh(good,low)spirits,inanger,injoy,incomfort,insorrow,insafety,indanger,inneed,indebt,inlove,infun,inpain,intears,insurprise,ingood(poor)health,ingoodorder,inflower,inaway,inalowvoice,insilence,in(with)satisfaction,inahurry,in(with)words,live/feedonfood,kneelonone’sknee,take(catch)sb.bysurprise(出其不意)
6.表示“除……之外”的幾組常用介詞比較。
(1)besides“除……以外,(還有)”。作副詞時(shí)意思是“而且,更何況”。如:
Itwastoolatetoseeafilm,andbesides,Iwastired.
(2)except“除去,除……之外(不再有)”。如:
WeallwentexceptJohn.
在否定句中,兩詞可以換用,如:
Hehasnootherhatsexcept/besidesthisone.
(3)exceptfor“除了……(對(duì)句子主題進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)校正或附加說明)”后接名詞、代詞或what從句,此時(shí)與exceptthat+句子意思相同。如:
Hewasverycleverexceptforcarelessness.
(4)exceptthat...“除了……一點(diǎn)以外”。如:
Hehasnotchangedexceptthatheiswearingdarkglasses.
(5)but和except在表示“除了……以外”時(shí)可以通用,但應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn):前面有不定人詞、疑問代詞在意義上對(duì)稱時(shí),多用but。Allbutonearehere.NobodybutIlikesmakingmodelships.后接不定式短語為排除對(duì)象時(shí),多用but。Hehasnothingtodobutwait.(前有do,后省to);but與一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)連用。havenochoicebuttodosth.只得做某事,cannotbutdosth.不得不,cannothelpbutdosth.不得不……,butfor...如不是……
7.介詞的省略:
介詞for表示時(shí)間的省略要求。
(1)以all開頭的名詞短語,for要省略。如:
Istayedwithherallthemorning.
(2)否定句中,表示時(shí)間的短語前的for不能省略。如:
Ihaven’tseenyouforthirtyyears.
(3)時(shí)間狀語在主句之前,for不能省略。如:
Forthewholemorning,theoldmankeptreading.
8.某些名詞與介詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配。
(1)要求接to的名詞有:key,answer,visit,entrance,apology,introduction,road等。
(2)要求接in的名詞有:interest,satisfaction,expert等。
Heisexpertinteachingsmallchildren.
介詞的用法很繁雜,要在平時(shí)注意積累。
2010高考英語試題
1.(2010高考英語上海秋季卷,30)Inancienttimes,peoplerarelytravelledlongdistancesandmostfarmersonlytravelled______thelocalmarket.
A.longerthanB.morethanC.asmuchasD.asfaras
D
本題考查介詞詞組。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞travel可判斷此處應(yīng)填關(guān)于路程的介詞詞組,本題即為asfaras。asfaras遠(yuǎn)到...
2.(2010高考英語上海秋季卷,25)Seanhasformedthehabitofjogging______thetree-linedavenuefortwohourseveryday.
A.betweenB.alongC.belowD.with
3.(2010高考英語重慶卷,22)ThedictionaryiswhatIwant,butIdon’thaveenoughmoney______me.
A.byB.forC.inD.with
D
考查介詞。Idon’thaveenoughmoneywithme意思是我沒有隨身帶那么多錢。
4.(2010高考英語北京卷,29)Wouldyoumindnotpickingtheflowersinthegarden?Theyare______everyonesenjoyment.
A.inB.atC.forD.to
C
考察介詞。句意為:“不要摘花園里的花好嗎?它們是供大家欣賞的?!贝颂幈硎灸康模盀榱恕钡囊馑?,故用介詞for。
5.(2010高考英語浙江卷,7)Iguesswe’vealreadytalkedaboutthisbeforebutI’llaskyouagainjust______.
A.bynatureB.inreturnC.incaseD.bychance
C
本題考查介詞短語。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思:bynature天生地;inreturn作為回報(bào),作為交換;incase萬一,以防;bychance偶然地。根據(jù)句意:我想我之前已經(jīng)跟你談?wù)撨^這件事,但是以防萬一,我再問你一次。
6.(2010高考英語天津卷,13)Myfatherwarnedme______goingtotheWestCoastbecauseitwascrowdedwithtourists.
A.byB.onC.forD.against
7.(2010高考英語四川卷,5)Tired,Jimwasfastasleepwithhisback______abigtree.
A.inB.belowC.besideD.against
D
考查介詞。句意為:“累了,吉姆背倚著樹,很快就睡著了?!盿gainst此處意為:“倚著,靠著”;below“在……的下方”;beside“在……的旁邊”;in“在……的里面或時(shí)間……之后”。
8.(2010高考英語上海春季卷,25)Wereplanningtosendoutathousandinvitations______Expovolunteers.
A.overB.inC.onD.to
D
考查介詞。語意:我們打算送1000張邀請(qǐng)函給世博會(huì)志愿者。sendsthtosb意為送某物給某人,據(jù)此選D項(xiàng)。
9.(2010高考英語遼寧卷,31)Iagreetohissuggestion_______theconditionthathedropsallcharges.
A.byB.inC.onD.to
C
考查固定用法。語意為:我同意接受他的提議,條件是他撤銷全部的訴訟。onconditionthat與連詞if同義,表示“在……條件下”,后接條件狀語從句。根據(jù)語意選C項(xiàng)。
10.(2010高考英語江西卷,34)Nowadayssomehospitalsrefertopatients______name,notcasenumber.
AofBasCbyDwith
C
考查介詞辨析。句意:如今有些醫(yī)院是以姓名來查閱患者的,而不是憑病例編號(hào)(去查詢的)。byname按姓名.
11.(2010高考英語江西卷,29)Wegivedogstime,spaceandlovewecanspare,and______,dogsgiveustheirall.
AinallBinfactCinshortDinreturn
12.(2010高考英語湖北卷,30)Itisillegalforapublicofficialtoaskpeopleforgiftsormoney______favorstothem.
A.inpreferencetoB.inplaceof
C.inagreementwithD.inexchangefor
D.
考查介詞短語的辨析。句意為:公務(wù)員向別人索要禮物或金錢以換取對(duì)他們的好處的做法是非法的。D項(xiàng)inexchangefor“交換,調(diào)換”在此與題意切合。A項(xiàng)inpreferenceto表示“優(yōu)先于”;B項(xiàng)inplaceof“代替,取代”;C項(xiàng)inagreementwith“與…一致,與…相符”。
13.(2010高考英語福建卷,27)Moreandmorehigh-risebuildingshavebeenbuiltinbigcities______space.
A.insearchofB.inplaceofC.forlackofD.forfearof
C
考查介詞短語。句意為:“因?yàn)槿鄙倏臻g,越來越多的高層建筑在城市中被建造?!盇項(xiàng)意為“尋找……”;B項(xiàng)意為“代替,替代”;C項(xiàng)意為“缺乏,短缺”;D項(xiàng)意為“擔(dān)心,害怕”。據(jù)句意可知,C項(xiàng)符合。
高考英語試題
1.(09福建)23.-Howamazingitisthatastronautsareexploringouterspace!
-It’sachallenge,Iguess,managainstnature.
A.ofB.forC.byD.about
A
考查介詞。應(yīng)答句中的Iguess是插入語,因此所填介詞與challenge連用,表所屬,用of,選A。
2.(09湖北卷)29.You’dsoundalotmorepoliteifyoumakearequest______aquestion.
A.insearchofB.intheformof
C.inneedofD.inthedirectionof
3.(09湖北卷)30.Hiseffortstoraisemoneyforhisprogramwere______because,nooneshowedanyintentiontotakeacentoutoftheirpockets.
A.inplaceB.insightC.ineffectD.invain
D.
考查介詞短語。根據(jù)下文nooneshowedanyintentiontotakeacentoutoftheirpockets可知為集資做出的努力都白費(fèi)了,應(yīng)選擇invain。inplace“和平地”,insight“在視程內(nèi)”,ineffect“實(shí)際上”。
4.(09全國(guó)卷1)34.Everybodywastouched_____wordsaftertheyheardhermovingstory.
A.beyondB.withoutC.ofD.in
A
考查介詞。beyondwords表示“在言語之外”,即不能用言語來表達(dá),也就是“無法形容”了。句意是“聽到她的感人故事之后,他們感動(dòng)得無法用語言來形容”。
5.(09山東卷)33.Itsavestimeinthekitchentohavethingsyouusealot_______easyreach.
A.nearB.uponC.withinD.around
C
句意:廚房中把常用的物品放在夠得著的地方能節(jié)省時(shí)間。本題考查介詞搭配:withineasyreach在容易達(dá)到…的地方;在…的附近。
對(duì)復(fù)雜句式進(jìn)行語法分析有助于做出正確選擇。
6.(09四川卷)6.Agreatpersonisalwaysputtingothers’interests_________hisown.
A.belowB.aboveC.inD.on
B
考查介詞的用法,putother’sinterestsaboveone’sown意思是把別人的利益放在自己的利益至上。
7.(09重慶卷)21.Tryonthisredskirt;youwilllookgreatit..
A.onB.byC.inD.for
C。
考查介詞的用法。Sth.Beonsb.“衣服穿在某人身上”;sbbeinsth”某人穿著什么衣服”。由此可知答案為:C。
8.(09陜西卷)8.HeinvitedmetoadanceaftertheshowChristmasEve.
A.atB.onC.inD.by
一天,所以選擇B。
考查介詞在時(shí)間前的應(yīng)用。