高中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2020-11-26非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
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非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)里是一項(xiàng)重要的語(yǔ)言表現(xiàn)形式,它與漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用方法習(xí)慣很不一樣,是不少中國(guó)學(xué)生容易混淆出錯(cuò)的知識(shí)能力要點(diǎn)。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有四個(gè)特出的特點(diǎn):
一,它不能當(dāng)謂語(yǔ),因此在同一句子中一定還會(huì)另有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。象“Irunninginthemorningeveryday.""henamedLiping."就是沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤的句子。
二,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都表示動(dòng)作,但兩者的性質(zhì),地位不同。這是中國(guó)學(xué)生最不容易理解的地方。對(duì)句子往深層次分析,我們就應(yīng)該領(lǐng)悟到這一點(diǎn):與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作對(duì)比,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的地位是次要的,從屬性質(zhì)的:(1)此動(dòng)作有時(shí)已不是具體的動(dòng)作,而是概括抽象的一件事,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞了;(2)此動(dòng)作有時(shí)即使是具體的動(dòng)作,但卻是從屬性的,次要的動(dòng)作:比如表示原因,條件,時(shí)間,目的,臨時(shí)性的不穩(wěn)定的伴隨動(dòng)作狀態(tài)等。在漢語(yǔ)中,不使用連詞也可以在一個(gè)句子中連用用幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞;但在英語(yǔ)中,一個(gè)句子只能用一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,除了用and連接的兩動(dòng)詞外,其它的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞一定要分清主次,從屬等內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系。表示原因,條件,目的,時(shí)間,臨時(shí)性的不穩(wěn)定的伴隨動(dòng)作等動(dòng)詞必須用非謂語(yǔ)或從句來(lái)表示。句子的重心應(yīng)用作主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,句子的次要,伴隨,補(bǔ)充的說(shuō)明部分必須用非謂語(yǔ)或有連詞引導(dǎo)的從句。下面列舉一些例句對(duì)比說(shuō)明:
1."為了健康,他天天喝牛奶。""為了健康"是目的,是次要?jiǎng)幼?“喝牛奶”才是唯一的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;Tobemorehealthy,hedrinksmilkeveryday.
2."喝牛奶對(duì)他有好處,他愛(ài)喝牛奶"這兩處的“喝牛奶”明顯地不是具體的"喝",而是概括抽象的一件事。“喝牛奶”在此處就近似地相當(dāng)于名詞“牛奶”.應(yīng)用"Drinkingmilk"動(dòng)名詞來(lái)表示。
3,“我喝牛奶肚子痛?!薄昂扰D獭痹诖颂庪m然是具體動(dòng)作,但它和"肚子痛"有內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系,它表示的是原因,是從屬地位,“肚子痛”才是主要的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞??梢杂?Havingdrunksomemilk,Ihavesometroublewithmystomach."來(lái)表示。
也可以用從句“SinceIhavedrunksomemilk,Ihavesometroublewithmystomach."4,“喝牛奶,人健康”,“喝牛奶”與“健康”有邏輯聯(lián)系,它顯然是條件,可以用"Drinkingmilkeveryday,onewillgetmorehealthy"來(lái)表示。
5,“我喝牛奶嗆著了?!薄昂扰D獭焙汀皢苤币灿羞壿嬄?lián)系,它表示時(shí)間,可以用“Drinkingmilk,Ichoked."來(lái)表示。
6,“他坐在那里喝牛奶.”“坐”是穩(wěn)定的長(zhǎng)背景動(dòng)作,應(yīng)做謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,而“喝牛奶”卻是變動(dòng)不穩(wěn)定的的伴隨動(dòng)作,是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,可用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:“Hesatthere,drinkingsomemilk."
綜上所述,同是“喝牛奶”,但各句子中“喝牛奶”的動(dòng)作含義和句子地位各不相同。此“喝牛奶”非彼“喝牛奶”。
除了可以當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還可以當(dāng)定語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如:
7,"Thegirlstandingtherewascrying."standing就是thegirl的定語(yǔ)。
8,"Ifoundhimrunninginthestreet."running就是found的賓補(bǔ)。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還可以當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞都相當(dāng)于形容詞,表示特征,狀態(tài)或人的情緒,情感;當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于名詞,表示一件事情或現(xiàn)象。例如:
9,Thebookistiring,whilethefilmisexciting.
10.Theexcitedaudiencesweremovedattheexcitingplay.
11.Herjobisraisingpigs,shefindsthatlivingisworking.
三,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前不需要形式主語(yǔ)和連詞。1,除了獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)外,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都沒(méi)有形式主語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)在它的前面,如出現(xiàn)了多余的主語(yǔ)那反而是錯(cuò)的句子。但主語(yǔ)不出現(xiàn)不等于沒(méi)有主謂關(guān)系。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞肯定與主句的主語(yǔ)存在著隱含的邏輯主謂關(guān)系,如找不出這種關(guān)系那一般都是錯(cuò)誤的句子。如“從山上看下去,我們的城市很美麗。”主句的主語(yǔ)“城市”不會(huì)“看”,不存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系,只存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。因此不能用“Seeing",而只能用"Seenfromthemountain,..."被動(dòng)的形式來(lái)表示?;蛴锚?dú)立主格:“Anybodyseeingitfromthemountain,thecitylooksverybeautiful."又比如“聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息,她的眼淚流出來(lái)了?!薄把蹨I”不會(huì)“聽(tīng)”,不存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系,因此不能象中文一樣直譯:Hearingthenews,hertearscamealonghercheck.應(yīng)該說(shuō):Hearingthenews,shehadtearscomingalonghercheck.
2,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不需要because,as,if,when,while等連詞,但它卻已經(jīng)含有連詞的意思。象Becausenothavingpreparedmylesson,Icantanswerthequestion.就是錯(cuò)的,應(yīng)刪去Because。
反之,如不用非謂語(yǔ)而用從句,那表示原因,條件,時(shí)間,伴隨,目的的從句前又必須有連詞。而中文卻是可以省連詞的,如上文的“喝牛奶肚子痛”“喝牛奶,人健康。”“喝牛奶嗆著了”都可以加用連詞也可以不用連詞。因此中國(guó)學(xué)生往往把表示原因,條件,時(shí)間,伴隨的從句不用連詞,不用句號(hào),卻要與主句并列在一起,出現(xiàn)“少連詞混淆主次”的錯(cuò)誤,如:Iampoor,Icantbuythehouse."Iampoor"顯然與后面的句子有邏輯因果關(guān)系,應(yīng)加連詞Since或變成“Beingpoor,Icantbuythethehouse.
有時(shí)中國(guó)學(xué)生又會(huì)犯兩個(gè)分句都用連詞的錯(cuò)誤,如:“因?yàn)槲也×?所以今天我不能上學(xué)”譯成:BecauseIamill,soIcantgotoschooltoday.在英語(yǔ)中有連詞的句子都是次要,從屬地位的從句,如兩個(gè)分句象中文一樣都用連詞,那就沒(méi)有表示句子主要意思的主句了。這便是“多連詞導(dǎo)致無(wú)主句”錯(cuò)誤。同理,如非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后的句子用連詞,也等于犯了“無(wú)主句”的錯(cuò)誤。
四,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞具有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的有賓語(yǔ),有狀語(yǔ)等特征。
1,及物的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后要帶賓語(yǔ),是雙賓動(dòng)詞還要帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),象上面的句子如用"Anybodyseeingfromthemountain,........"就是不好的句子,因?yàn)榧拔锓侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞seeing沒(méi)有帶賓語(yǔ)。
2,不及物的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后當(dāng)然不會(huì)有賓語(yǔ)。
3,過(guò)去分詞后不能出現(xiàn)賓語(yǔ),因主句的主語(yǔ)就是它的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。象"Heatedthewater,itwillturnintostream."就是錯(cuò)的,thewater應(yīng)刪去。
當(dāng)然,帶雙賓的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后還需帶一個(gè)賓語(yǔ):“Toldthestudentsmanytimes,theimportanceispaidattentionto."
以上知識(shí)能力要點(diǎn)都是要靠理解,領(lǐng)悟,不是靠死記硬背的。下面讓我們做一點(diǎn)練習(xí)來(lái)加深理解。注意兩動(dòng)作的主次邏輯關(guān)系,注意“無(wú)形式主語(yǔ)”“無(wú)連詞”“不能多用連詞”等非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)。
用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞翻譯下列句子:
1.我錢不夠,不能買這房子。
A.Mymoneyisshort,Icantbuythehouse.
B.Imshortofmoney,Icantbuythehouse.
C.Beingshortofmoney,Icantbuythehouse.
D.Shortofmoney,Icantbuythehouse.
2,我比你強(qiáng),我會(huì)跑得比你快。
A.Imstrongerthanyou,Icanrunfasterthanyou.
B.Ibeingstrongerthanyou,Icanrunfasterthanyou.
C.beingstrongerthanyou,Icanrunfasterthanyou.
D.YoubeingweakerthanI,soIcanrunfasterthanyou.
3,你見(jiàn)到他就叫他到這來(lái)吧。
a.Ifyouseehim,askhimcomehereplease.
b.Ifyouseehimandaskhimtocomehereplease.
c.youseeinghim,askhimtocomehereplease.
d.seeinghim,youaskhimtocomehereplease
4,有空你來(lái)幫幫我吧。
a.Youhavetimeandyoucometohelpme.
b.Youhavetimeyoucometohelpme.
c.Ifyouhavetimeandyoucometohelpmeplease.
d.havingtime,youshouldcometohelpme.
5,你覺(jué)得不舒服就別去游泳了。
a.Youdontfeelwell,youdbetternotgotoswim.
b.Becauseyoudontfeelwell,youdbetternotgotoswim.
c.Younotfeelingwell,youdbetternotgotoswim.
d.Notfeelingwell,youdbetternotgotoswim.
6,吃太多的肉,你會(huì)變胖的。
a.Ifyouhavetoomuchmeat,andyoullgetfatter.
b.youhavetoomuchmeat,andyoullgetfatter.
c.Youhavetoomuchmeat,youllgetfatter.
d.Havingtoomuchmeat,youllgetfatter.
7,昨天他去踢球,摔斷腿了。
a.Yesterdayhewenttoplayfootball,breakinghisleg.
b.Yesterdayhewenttoplayfootball,brokehisleg.
c.Yesterdayhegoingtoplayfootball,hebrokehisleg.
d.Playingfootball,hebrokehislegyesterday.
8,看見(jiàn)我穿得破爛,那售貨員拿出最便宜的衣服給我。
a.Seeingmedressedinrags,theassistantshowedmethecheapestsuit.
b.Hesawmedressedinrags,theassistantshowedmethecheapestsuit.
c.Becauseheseeingmedressedinrags,theassistantshowedmethecheapestsuit.
d.Idressinginrags,theassistantshowedmethecheapestsuit.
9,澆太多的水花會(huì)死的。
a.Ifwatertoomuch,theflowerwilldie.
b.Ifyouwateredtoomuch,theflowerwilldie.
c.Wateringtoomuch,theflowerwilldie.
d.Wateredtoomuch,theflowerwilldie.
10,我昨天挨雨淋了,感冒了。
a.Iwascaughtintherain,Igetabadcoldnow.
b.Havingcaughtintherain,Igetabadcoldnow.
c.Icaughtintherain,Igetabadcoldnow.
d.Caughtintherain,Igotabadcoldnow.
11.他們說(shuō)說(shuō)笑笑地向我們走來(lái)。
a.Theytalked,laughedandwenttous.
b.Goingtous,theytalkedandlaughed.
c.Theywenttous,talkedandlaughed.
d.Theywenttous,talkingandlaughing.
12.他躺在那里看書(shū)。
a.Hereadabook,lyingthere.
b.Helaythere,readingabook.
c.Helyingthereandreadingabook.
d.Helaythere,readabook.
13.在那跳舞的那個(gè)女孩也很會(huì)唱歌。jab88.CoM
a,Thegirldancingtheresingswell.
b.Thegirldancedtheresingswell.
c.Thegirlwasdancingtheresingswell.
d.Thegirlwasdancingtherewasagoodsinger.
14.我進(jìn)門時(shí)看見(jiàn)他正在看電視。
a.Ienteredtheroom,sawhewaswatchingTV.
b.Ienteredtheroom,seeinghimwaswatchingTV.
c.Enteredtheroom,IsawhewaswatchingTV.
d.Enteringtheroom,IsawhimwatchingTV.
15.他一來(lái)就逗我們發(fā)笑。
a.Hecame,makinguslaughed.
b.Hecametomakeuslaughing.
c.Coming,heoftenmakesuslaughing.
d.Camehere,heoftenmakeslaughing.
16.今天他病了,沒(méi)來(lái)學(xué)校.a.Heisill,hedoesntcometoschooltoday.b.Heisill,notcomingtoschooltoday.c.Beingill,hedoesntcometoschooltoday.d.Hebeingill,hedoesntcometoschooltoday.
key:c,C,A,D,D,
D,D,A,D,D,
D,B,A,D,C,
C.
相關(guān)閱讀
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞教案
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞教案
一.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞種類及句法功能
(一)概述:
在英語(yǔ)中,不作句子謂語(yǔ),但仍具有除謂語(yǔ)外其他語(yǔ)法功能的動(dòng)詞,叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)詞不定式(theInfinitive);動(dòng)名詞(theGerund);現(xiàn)在分詞(thePresentParticiple);過(guò)去分詞(thePastParticiple)。
(二)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能
1)邏輯主語(yǔ)
為了強(qiáng)調(diào)是誰(shuí)發(fā)出的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,我們往往要有主語(yǔ)來(lái)明確表現(xiàn)。由于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中不做謂語(yǔ),所以強(qiáng)調(diào)誰(shuí)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作就不明顯。但它又有動(dòng)詞的某些特征,在這種情況下,就有了其邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。在英語(yǔ)中,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)各有其不同的表現(xiàn)方式,也是??嫉囊粋€(gè)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,尤其是動(dòng)名詞和分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)在來(lái)簡(jiǎn)要分析一下在不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞中的邏輯主語(yǔ)。
①不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是同過(guò)介詞of和for來(lái)體現(xiàn)的。這兩個(gè)介詞使用的區(qū)別是:當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征時(shí)(如:good,nice,wise,generous,foolish,clever,silly,wrong,stupid,careless,considerate,impolite,naughty等等),我們使用of;其它的使用for。請(qǐng)看例句:
Itisunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.他們拒絕這個(gè)建議很不明智。
Itisgenerousofyoutostayusforthenight.難為你這么慷慨留我們過(guò)夜。
Itisagreathonorforustoattendthisrally.我們很榮幸參加這個(gè)大會(huì)。
Itisverydangerousforchildrentoswiminthereservoir.孩子們?cè)谒畮?kù)里游泳很危險(xiǎn)。
②動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是在動(dòng)名詞前用名詞或代詞來(lái)表現(xiàn)的。在句首時(shí)一般要使用所有格,在句中一般使用其通格。例如:
Mary’sgruntingcontinuouslyannoyedherhusband,andhermother’sstayingwiththemwasthelaststraw.
瑪麗的不斷嘮叨已經(jīng)使她丈夫很煩,她母親來(lái)和他們一塊住更使他們的關(guān)系雪上加霜。
XiaoLi’sbeinglateforschoolupsettheteacher.
小李的遲到讓老師很惱火。
Oursoleworryis(you)yourrelyingonyouselftoomuch.
我們唯一的擔(dān)心是你這個(gè)人太相信自己了。
Theyinsisted(XiaoWang)XiaoWang’sgoingwiththemtogether.
他們堅(jiān)持要小王和他們一塊走。
③分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)有兩種:一是懸垂分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),其二是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)。在懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)中,分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是主句的主語(yǔ),如果兩者不能構(gòu)成邏輯上的一致關(guān)系則該句結(jié)構(gòu)是錯(cuò)誤的.如:
Seenfromthespace,theearthlooklikeablueball.從太空看起來(lái),地球像個(gè)蘭色的球體。
這個(gè)懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)seenfromthespace=whentheearthisseen,…
Laughingandchatting,thepuplesleftschoolforhome.孩子們說(shuō)說(shuō)笑笑回家去了。
同上述結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,Laughingandchatting=thepupilswerelaughingandchatting,…
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)不同的是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)有自己的主語(yǔ)。這個(gè)主語(yǔ)有名詞或代詞通格來(lái)表示,放于分詞之前,與分詞形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。例如:
Somanycomradesbeingabsent,themeetinghadtobeputoff.
這么多同志都缺席了,所以會(huì)議只得延期。
Weallwenthome,heremainingbehind.我們都回家了,只有他留在后面。
Weatherpermitting,wewillgoforanoutingnextweek.如果天氣許可,我們下周去郊游。
Theclass(being)over,theteacherdismissedthestudents.下課了,老師把學(xué)生打發(fā)走了。
Thejobdone,weallwenthome.工作完成之后,我們就都回家去了。
Withthetreegrowntall,wegetmoreshade.歲著樹(shù)的不斷長(zhǎng)高,樹(shù)陰也越來(lái)越濃密了。
Everythingtakenintoconsideration,thisplanseemstobemorefeasible.
把一切考慮在內(nèi),這個(gè)計(jì)劃看起來(lái)可行。
Theyworkedthroughoutthenightwiththelamplighted.他們挑燈夜戰(zhàn)。
2)賓語(yǔ)
第一類是有些動(dòng)詞之后面只能使用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。這些動(dòng)詞有:admit(承認(rèn)),acknowledge,appreciate(感激),avoid,consider,contemplate,delay,deny,detest,endure,enjoy,excuse,evade,face,finish,facilitate,fancy,favor,forgive,can’thelp,imagine,include,involve,mention,mind,miss,postpone,practise,pardon,resent,resist,require,risk,stand,suggest,understand,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from,protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike等等。如:
Theyhaven’tfinishedbuildingthedam.他們還沒(méi)有建好大壩。
Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.我們必須阻止空氣被污染。
Heisconsideringchangingajob.他正在考慮換個(gè)工作。
第二類是既能帶動(dòng)名詞又能帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:attempt,begin,cease,continue,dread,forget,hate,intend,like,neglect,omit,prefer,propose,remember,start,try.具體使用情形請(qǐng)看下述詳細(xì)解釋:
①在begin,start,continue,like,hate,cease等后可以使用兩種結(jié)構(gòu),無(wú)有區(qū)別。如:
Willyoucontinuegardening/togardenafterdinner?飯后你繼續(xù)干花園的活,好嗎?
Shelikestobeflattered/beingflattered.她喜歡別人奉承她。
②need,want,require,deserve等動(dòng)詞表示“需要,值得”時(shí),有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)可以用:一是使用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng);二是使用不定式的被動(dòng)式。兩者沒(méi)有意義上的區(qū)別。如:
Theflowerswantwatering.=Theflowerswanttobewatered.花該澆水了。
Myhairneedscutting.=Myhairneedstobecut.我的頭發(fā)該理了。
Hisperformancedeservespraising.=Hisperformancedeservestobepraised.
他的工作應(yīng)該受到表?yè)P(yáng)。
③remember,forget,regret等后面使用動(dòng)詞不定式表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;而使用動(dòng)名詞時(shí)表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:
Iregrettoinformyouthatweareunabletoofferyouemployment.
我很遺憾地通知你我們無(wú)法安排你的就業(yè)。
Iregretbeingunabletohelpyou.我很遺憾當(dāng)時(shí)未能幫你。
Don’tforgettoposttheletteronyourwaytowork.別忘了上班的路上把信寄走。
Iforgetpostingtheletteryougavemethinsmorning.我忘了把你今天早上給我的信發(fā)走。
④try后跟動(dòng)名詞表示“試一試”;和動(dòng)詞不定式連用表示“努力,試圖”。
ThisforeignguesttriedwritingwiththeChinesebrush.這位外國(guó)客人試著用毛筆寫字。
Hetriedtocheattheoldmanoutofhismoney.他試圖騙這老頭的錢。
⑤mean,intend后跟動(dòng)名詞表示“意味著”;接不定式表示“打算”。如:
Today,Iintendtofinishreadingthisbook.今天我打算讀完這本書(shū)。
Whathesaidatthemeetingmeanshisgoingabroadnextyear.
他在會(huì)上說(shuō)的意思是他要出國(guó)。
⑥prefer后使用動(dòng)名詞還是不定式有這么兩種情況:當(dāng)我們談?wù)撘话闱闆r時(shí)和當(dāng)我們說(shuō)在兩種活動(dòng)之間更喜歡哪一種的時(shí)候,一般使用動(dòng)名詞;另一種是和不定式連用,一般用來(lái)引導(dǎo)另一個(gè)短語(yǔ)。如:
Doyoulikeswimming?-------Yes,butIprefersailing.
你喜歡游泳嗎?---當(dāng)然。但是我更喜歡駕駛帆船。
CanIgivealift?----No,thanks,Iwouldprefertowalk.
你順便坐我的車走好么?----不用了,謝謝!我喜歡步行。
Ipreferreadingtogoingshopingonweekends.周末我喜歡讀點(diǎn)書(shū),不喜歡逛街。
Iwouldprefertospendtheweekendathomeratherthandrive/drivingallthewaytoyourmother’s.我覺(jué)得與其開(kāi)車跑那么遠(yuǎn)到你母親那里過(guò)周末,倒不如在家更好些。
⑦allow,advise,forbid,permit等在沒(méi)有人做賓語(yǔ)的情況下接動(dòng)名詞;如果有人做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)則用不定式。如:
Sorry,wedon’tallowsmokinginthelectureroom.對(duì)不起,教室不準(zhǔn)抽煙。
Wedon’tallowpeopletosmkoehere.我們不許人們?cè)谶@里抽煙。
Iwouldn’tadvisetakingthecar---there’snowheretopark.
我不建議開(kāi)車去,因?yàn)闆](méi)有停車的地方。
Iwouldn’tadviseyoutotakethecar.我勸你不要開(kāi)車去。
第三類是帶to的短語(yǔ)。而實(shí)際上這個(gè)to是介詞,如果不加區(qū)分,一律把它看作是動(dòng)詞不定式的小品詞的話,很容易判斷失誤。這一類的短語(yǔ)主要有:attribute…to,owe…to,devote…to,contribute…to,beusedto,beaccustomedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,objectto,opposeto,inadditionto等。如:
Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromherassoonaspossible.
我在盼望著盡快收到她的來(lái)信。
Hestronglyopposedtotravelingbyair.他強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)乘飛機(jī)。
3)動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞用做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞都可以用做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。其區(qū)別在于不定式表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作,而分詞則表示一個(gè)完整動(dòng)作的過(guò)程。如:
Isawehergetonthetractoranddriveitaway.我看見(jiàn)她上了拖拉機(jī)把它開(kāi)走了。
Ismelledsomethingburninginthekitchen.我聞到廚房什么東西有股糊味。
一般而言,能這樣用的動(dòng)詞分為兩類:第一類動(dòng)詞既可后接不定式又可接現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞:接不定式時(shí)表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作;接現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)表示賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,表示一個(gè)完整動(dòng)作的一個(gè)過(guò)程;而接過(guò)去分詞時(shí),賓語(yǔ)則成為動(dòng)作的承受者。這類動(dòng)詞有:see,hear,make,let,have,watch,feel,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento。如:
IheardsomebodysinganEnglishsonginthenextroom.(表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作)
IhearsomebodysinginganEnglishsonginthenextroom.(表示完整動(dòng)作的一個(gè)片段)
IheardanEnglishsongbeingsunginthenextroom.(表示完整動(dòng)作的一個(gè)片段)
IheardanEnglishsongsunginthenextroom.(表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作)
第二類動(dòng)詞一般表示“致使”,要用分詞做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。
Thesightoftheinvitingmeloninsuchahotsummerdaysetmewatering.
在這么炎熱的夏天看到那些誘人的西瓜著實(shí)令我口水直流。
Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.我絕不會(huì)再做那事了。
Hisremarksleftmewonderingabouthisrealpurpose.
他的一番話禁不住讓我疑惑他的真實(shí)意圖。
Thesmokestartedhercoughing.煙嗆得她直咳嗽。
4)動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞用作狀語(yǔ)
根據(jù)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞性的分析,大家知道,動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞同時(shí)還具有副詞的詞性特征,因此能在句子中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。
與分詞不同的是,動(dòng)詞不定式在句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),主要表示目的、結(jié)果、原因;而分詞做狀語(yǔ)主要表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、目的、伴隨等。
一般判別二者之間的區(qū)別使用是根據(jù)不同的標(biāo)志詞來(lái)確定的,或者說(shuō)用marker來(lái)確定它們。例如,動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的的有inorderto,soasto。表示結(jié)果的有:so…asto,such…asto,enoughto,too…to等。請(qǐng)看例句:
Heshoutedsoastobenoticed.(目的)
Shestartedearlyinordertoavoidtherushingcrowds.(目的)
Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbike?(結(jié)果)
Heissuchafoolastothinkthathisidlechatcaninfluenceothers.(結(jié)果)
Theboyisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.(結(jié)果)
Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletter.(結(jié)果)
Shewepttohearthenews.(原因)
Irejoicedtohearthatmysonhadbeenadmittedintothefamousuniversity.(原因)
分詞的表現(xiàn)形式是通過(guò)懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)的句意來(lái)判斷的,但是要請(qǐng)注意,懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語(yǔ)一定是后面主句中的主語(yǔ),檢驗(yàn)的辦法就是用主句的主語(yǔ)很分詞結(jié)構(gòu)還原成一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。如:
①時(shí)間
Lookingupsuddenly,Robertsawarainbowinthesky.
Floatingonwater,ashipdisplacesanamountofwaterequaltoitsownwweight.
Hearingthenewsthathersonwasrescued,shefeltgreatlyrelieved.
②原因
Notknowinghowtopronouncetheword“plough”,theFrenchmanlookedupitinadictionary.
Consideringtheimportanceoftheexperiment,theycheckedtheresultagainandagain.
Livinginaremotevillage,werarelyhavevisitorscoming.
③條件
Thissamething,happeninginthepeacetime,wouldbeagreatdisaster.
Unlessmeetingwithunexpecteddifficultiesattheofficetoday,Ishallbehomeearlytonight.
④讓步
Grantingtheachievementstobegreat,wehavenoreasontobeconceited.
Walkingandsleeping,hehastheplaninhismind.
ThechemicalcompositionofwaterisH2O,whetherbeingsolid,liquidorvapor.
⑤結(jié)果
Theircarwascaughtinthetrafficjam,thuscausingtheirdelay.
Weintroducedalotofadvanceddevices,thussavingmuchtimeandlabor.
⑥目的
Thepeopleareworkinghard,strivingtorealizeourcountry’smodernization.
Weheldameeting,markingtheanniversaryofhisdeath.
⑦方式(也稱做伴隨)
Theustoodbytheroadside,watchingtheparade.
Shestoodmotionlesslyvacantly,lookingatthesea.
Theysattogether,studyingcarefullythedesignofthenewproject.
5)省略不定式小品詞to的情形
在不定式中,小品詞to有時(shí)可以省略。主要在以下幾種情形中:
①在由make,let,see,feel,watch,have,hear,help,notice,observe,listento,lookat等動(dòng)詞引出的作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的情況時(shí)。
②在介詞but,except,besides后(動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)必須是do,否則還需要小品詞to)。如;
Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswimandplayfootball?
Beforebreakfastwehavenoclassbut(except)toreadEnglishaloud.
Whentheenemysurroundedthehouse,theyhadnochoicebuttoburnalltheimportantdocuments.
③在hadbetter,hadbest,hadasgood(寧可),wouldrather…than,wouldsooner…than,mightaswell,ratherthan后。如:
HehadasgoodstudyEnglishinsteadofGerman.他寧可學(xué)英語(yǔ)也不愿意學(xué)德語(yǔ)。
Theywouldrathertryandfailthangiveitup.他們寧愿試了失敗也不愿意輕易放棄。
Let’sfinishtheworknowratherthanleaveitofftilltomorrow.
我們最好今晚把這活干完也別推到明天。
Heresignedratherthantakepartinsuchadiahonesttransaction.
他寧愿辭職也不愿干這樁骯臟的交易。
Iwouldratherdiestandingthanlivekneeling.我寧愿站著死不愿跪著生。
④在下列固定詞組中。
We’llhavetomakedowithdrybread.我們用干面包湊合吧。
Hemadebelievehewasinnocent.他假裝無(wú)辜。
Don’tletslipsuchagoodopportunitytolearn.不要丟失這樣一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)。
Heletgo(of)therope.我松了繩子。
Ihearsaythatthere’llbeanearthquakesoon.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)不久要有地震。
Don’tlettherebeanynoise.不要再制造噪音了。
二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考查點(diǎn)
1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的判斷
對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞區(qū)別的考查主要集中在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),如:
1.Allflights___becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.
A.hadbeencanceledB.havebeencanceled
C.werecanceledD.havingbeencanceled
D。
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語(yǔ)表示原因。
2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后不定式與動(dòng)名詞的選擇
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后接不定式還是接動(dòng)名詞也是語(yǔ)法測(cè)試中的一個(gè)題點(diǎn)。如:
1.Idon’tmind____thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.
A.youtodelaymakingB.yourdelayingmaking
C.yourdelayingtomakeD.youdelaytomake
B。
這是一個(gè)帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)前面所講,邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是一個(gè)帶有形容詞性的物主代詞,其后的動(dòng)詞delay也應(yīng)該是一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞。
3)做定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇
從近幾年的考查情況來(lái)看,對(duì)做定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查有兩種情況:對(duì)一般概念的考查,而不是固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)。
4)做狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇:做狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇,如:______fromtheouterspace,ourearthlookslikeawater-coveredball.
A.HavingseenB.SeeingC.Seen D.Havingbeenseen
C。
根據(jù)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)分析,選項(xiàng)A、B、D都不能和主句中的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯的主謂一致的關(guān)系。惟有選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。
從以上各題來(lái)看,考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有:
(1)狀語(yǔ)類別的判斷:不同的狀語(yǔ)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的要求不同,目的狀語(yǔ)要求用不定式,如②。
(2)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與句子屬于之間的邏輯關(guān)系:根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的不同來(lái)確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過(guò)去分詞。
(3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式:not否定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)置于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前,如③。
(4)獨(dú)立成分:有些非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用不受與句子主語(yǔ)關(guān)系的限制,稱為獨(dú)立成分,這類成分只記憶即可。如:generallyspeaking,judgingfrom...,totellthetruth...,等。
5)做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇
做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞受謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的限制,不同動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形式要求不同。近幾年對(duì)各類賓補(bǔ)都有考查。如:
Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman________anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.
A.installB.toinstallC.tobeinstalledD.installed
A。
have之后的賓語(yǔ)如果是補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的發(fā)出者時(shí),則應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞原形。
6)做表語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇
表語(yǔ)的考查多側(cè)重于分詞做表語(yǔ)形式的選擇,很少有動(dòng)名詞的用法的考查,雖然選項(xiàng)中有不定式作為干擾項(xiàng),只要能看出是做表語(yǔ)的也就不用考慮。如:
Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo_____bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.
A.unrecordedB.tobeunrecorded
C.unrecordingD.tohavebeenunrecorded
A。
分詞做表語(yǔ)可以做系動(dòng)詞be的表語(yǔ),也可以做其它系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ),如go,feel,seem,look,remain等等。這些系動(dòng)詞后非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的餓用法規(guī)則是相同的。
7)to作為介詞與作為不定式符號(hào)的選擇
to可以是介詞,也可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)不定式,英語(yǔ)各類考試中對(duì)此用法的考查也比較多。如:
Themaninthecornerconfessedto_____alietothemanagerofthecompany.
A.havetoldB.betoldC.beingtoldD.havingtold
D。
這類考題的考查方式有兩種,一是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)相對(duì)的選項(xiàng)todosomething和todoingsomething,這時(shí)考查的自然是to的性質(zhì);另一種是to在題干中。
8)分詞前連詞的使用
分詞前連詞的使用是為了使分詞的作用更加明了,使考生更加準(zhǔn)確地理解試題。考查有兩種情況:
(1)根據(jù)連詞選擇適當(dāng)?shù)姆衷~形式
Michaelusedtolookhurtandsurprisedwhen______.
A.scoldingB.toscoldC.havingscoldedD.scolded
D。
when的使用說(shuō)明非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),答案不可能是B,從scold與句子主語(yǔ)間的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)看,應(yīng)該是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以答案是D。
(2)根據(jù)狀語(yǔ)的功能選擇不同的連詞
Carefulsurveyshaveindicatedthatasmanyas50percentofpatientdonottakedrugs___directed.
A.likeB.soC.whichD.as
D。
由上下文的意思可以看出,分詞所做的是方式狀語(yǔ),連詞應(yīng)該是as。
9)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的體
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中分詞的體有完成體和進(jìn)行體,即havingdone,havingbeendone和beingdone,完成體只用于做狀語(yǔ)的場(chǎng)合,而進(jìn)行體可以用于做定語(yǔ)和做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
動(dòng)名詞的體也有havingdone,havingbeendone和beingdone的結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的場(chǎng)合。不定式的體有tobedoing和tohavedone,主要用于pretend,happen,seem,appear,besaidto等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:
I’dratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramsseem____allthetime.
A.togetworseB.tobegettingworse
C.tohavegotworseD.gettingworse
D。
從allthetime的使用可以推斷getworse是一個(gè)漸變過(guò)程,所以用不定式的進(jìn)行體。
10)動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
動(dòng)名詞符合結(jié)構(gòu)可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),在對(duì)動(dòng)名詞的考查中總是將其邏輯主語(yǔ)包括進(jìn)來(lái),形成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):
_____inanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.
A.ThegirlwaseducatedB.Thegirleducated
C.Thegirl’sbeingeducatedD.Thegirltobeeducated
D。
本題涉及題眼比較多,A,為從句做主語(yǔ),但缺少that,D為不定式做主語(yǔ),但缺少for(forthegirltobeeducated),B結(jié)構(gòu)不能做主語(yǔ),答案是C,為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞種類及句法功能
(一)概述:
在英語(yǔ)中,不作句子謂語(yǔ),但仍具有除謂語(yǔ)外其他語(yǔ)法功能的動(dòng)詞,叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)詞不定式(theInfinitive);動(dòng)名詞(theGerund);現(xiàn)在分詞(thePresentParticiple);過(guò)去分詞(thePastParticiple)。
(二)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能
1)邏輯主語(yǔ)
為了強(qiáng)調(diào)是誰(shuí)發(fā)出的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,我們往往要有主語(yǔ)來(lái)明確表現(xiàn)。由于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中不做謂語(yǔ),所以強(qiáng)調(diào)誰(shuí)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作就不明顯。但它又有動(dòng)詞的某些特征,在這種情況下,就有了其邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。在英語(yǔ)中,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)各有其不同的表現(xiàn)方式,也是??嫉囊粋€(gè)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,尤其是動(dòng)名詞和分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)?,F(xiàn)在來(lái)簡(jiǎn)要分析一下在不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞中的邏輯主語(yǔ)。
①不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是同過(guò)介詞of和for來(lái)體現(xiàn)的。這兩個(gè)介詞使用的區(qū)別是:當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征時(shí)(如:good,nice,wise,generous,foolish,clever,silly,wrong,stupid,careless,considerate,impolite,naughty等等),我們使用of;其它的使用for。請(qǐng)看例句:
Itisunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.他們拒絕這個(gè)建議很不明智。
Itisgenerousofyoutostayusforthenight.難為你這么慷慨留我們過(guò)夜。
Itisagreathonorforustoattendthisrally.我們很榮幸參加這個(gè)大會(huì)。
Itisverydangerousforchildrentoswiminthereservoir.孩子們?cè)谒畮?kù)里游泳很危險(xiǎn)。
②動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是在動(dòng)名詞前用名詞或代詞來(lái)表現(xiàn)的。在句首時(shí)一般要使用所有格,在句中一般使用其通格。例如:
Mary’sgruntingcontinuouslyannoyedherhusband,andhermother’sstayingwiththemwasthelaststraw.
瑪麗的不斷嘮叨已經(jīng)使她丈夫很煩,她母親來(lái)和他們一塊住更使他們的關(guān)系雪上加霜。
XiaoLi’sbeinglateforschoolupsettheteacher.
小李的遲到讓老師很惱火。
Oursoleworryis(you)yourrelyingonyouselftoomuch.
我們唯一的擔(dān)心是你這個(gè)人太相信自己了。
Theyinsisted(XiaoWang)XiaoWang’sgoingwiththemtogether.
他們堅(jiān)持要小王和他們一塊走。
③分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)有兩種:一是懸垂分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),其二是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)。在懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)中,分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是主句的主語(yǔ),如果兩者不能構(gòu)成邏輯上的一致關(guān)系則該句結(jié)構(gòu)是錯(cuò)誤的.如:
Seenfromthespace,theearthlooklikeablueball.從太空看起來(lái),地球像個(gè)蘭色的球體。
這個(gè)懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)seenfromthespace=whentheearthisseen,…
Laughingandchatting,thepuplesleftschoolforhome.孩子們說(shuō)說(shuō)笑笑回家去了。
同上述結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,Laughingandchatting=thepupilswerelaughingandchatting,…
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)不同的是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)有自己的主語(yǔ)。這個(gè)主語(yǔ)有名詞或代詞通格來(lái)表示,放于分詞之前,與分詞形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。例如:
Somanycomradesbeingabsent,themeetinghadtobeputoff.
這么多同志都缺席了,所以會(huì)議只得延期。
Weallwenthome,heremainingbehind.我們都回家了,只有他留在后面。
Weatherpermitting,wewillgoforanoutingnextweek.如果天氣許可,我們下周去郊游。
Theclass(being)over,theteacherdismissedthestudents.下課了,老師把學(xué)生打發(fā)走了。
Thejobdone,weallwenthome.工作完成之后,我們就都回家去了。
Withthetreegrowntall,wegetmoreshade.歲著樹(shù)的不斷長(zhǎng)高,樹(shù)陰也越來(lái)越濃密了。
Everythingtakenintoconsideration,thisplanseemstobemorefeasible.
把一切考慮在內(nèi),這個(gè)計(jì)劃看起來(lái)可行。
Theyworkedthroughoutthenightwiththelamplighted.他們挑燈夜戰(zhàn)。
2)賓語(yǔ)
第一類是有些動(dòng)詞之后面只能使用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。這些動(dòng)詞有:admit(承認(rèn)),acknowledge,appreciate(感激),avoid,consider,contemplate,delay,deny,detest,endure,enjoy,excuse,evade,face,finish,facilitate,fancy,favor,forgive,can’thelp,imagine,include,involve,mention,mind,miss,postpone,practise,pardon,resent,resist,require,risk,stand,suggest,understand,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from,protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike等等。如:
Theyhaven’tfinishedbuildingthedam.他們還沒(méi)有建好大壩。
Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.我們必須阻止空氣被污染。
Heisconsideringchangingajob.他正在考慮換個(gè)工作。
第二類是既能帶動(dòng)名詞又能帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:attempt,begin,cease,continue,dread,forget,hate,intend,like,neglect,omit,prefer,propose,remember,start,try.具體使用情形請(qǐng)看下述詳細(xì)解釋:
①在begin,start,continue,like,hate,cease等后可以使用兩種結(jié)構(gòu),無(wú)有區(qū)別。如:
Willyoucontinuegardening/togardenafterdinner?飯后你繼續(xù)干花園的活,好嗎?
Shelikestobeflattered/beingflattered.她喜歡別人奉承她。
②need,want,require,deserve等動(dòng)詞表示“需要,值得”時(shí),有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)可以用:一是使用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng);二是使用不定式的被動(dòng)式。兩者沒(méi)有意義上的區(qū)別。如:
Theflowerswantwatering.=Theflowerswanttobewatered.花該澆水了。
Myhairneedscutting.=Myhairneedstobecut.我的頭發(fā)該理了。
Hisperformancedeservespraising.=Hisperformancedeservestobepraised.
他的工作應(yīng)該受到表?yè)P(yáng)。
③remember,forget,regret等后面使用動(dòng)詞不定式表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;而使用動(dòng)名詞時(shí)表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:
Iregrettoinformyouthatweareunabletoofferyouemployment.
我很遺憾地通知你我們無(wú)法安排你的就業(yè)。
Iregretbeingunabletohelpyou.我很遺憾當(dāng)時(shí)未能幫你。
Don’tforgettoposttheletteronyourwaytowork.別忘了上班的路上把信寄走。
Iforgetpostingtheletteryougavemethinsmorning.我忘了把你今天早上給我的信發(fā)走。
④try后跟動(dòng)名詞表示“試一試”;和動(dòng)詞不定式連用表示“努力,試圖”。
ThisforeignguesttriedwritingwiththeChinesebrush.這位外國(guó)客人試著用毛筆寫字。
Hetriedtocheattheoldmanoutofhismoney.他試圖騙這老頭的錢。
⑤mean,intend后跟動(dòng)名詞表示“意味著”;接不定式表示“打算”。如:
Today,Iintendtofinishreadingthisbook.今天我打算讀完這本書(shū)。
Whathesaidatthemeetingmeanshisgoingabroadnextyear.
他在會(huì)上說(shuō)的意思是他要出國(guó)。
⑥prefer后使用動(dòng)名詞還是不定式有這么兩種情況:當(dāng)我們談?wù)撘话闱闆r時(shí)和當(dāng)我們說(shuō)在兩種活動(dòng)之間更喜歡哪一種的時(shí)候,一般使用動(dòng)名詞;另一種是和不定式連用,一般用來(lái)引導(dǎo)另一個(gè)短語(yǔ)。如:
Doyoulikeswimming?-------Yes,butIprefersailing.
你喜歡游泳嗎?---當(dāng)然。但是我更喜歡駕駛帆船。
CanIgivealift?----No,thanks,Iwouldprefertowalk.
你順便坐我的車走好么?----不用了,謝謝!我喜歡步行。
Ipreferreadingtogoingshopingonweekends.周末我喜歡讀點(diǎn)書(shū),不喜歡逛街。
Iwouldprefertospendtheweekendathomeratherthandrive/drivingallthewaytoyourmother’s.我覺(jué)得與其開(kāi)車跑那么遠(yuǎn)到你母親那里過(guò)周末,倒不如在家更好些。
⑦allow,advise,forbid,permit等在沒(méi)有人做賓語(yǔ)的情況下接動(dòng)名詞;如果有人做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)則用不定式。如:
Sorry,wedon’tallowsmokinginthelectureroom.對(duì)不起,教室不準(zhǔn)抽煙。
Wedon’tallowpeopletosmkoehere.我們不許人們?cè)谶@里抽煙。
Iwouldn’tadvisetakingthecar---there’snowheretopark.
我不建議開(kāi)車去,因?yàn)闆](méi)有停車的地方。
Iwouldn’tadviseyoutotakethecar.我勸你不要開(kāi)車去。
第三類是帶to的短語(yǔ)。而實(shí)際上這個(gè)to是介詞,如果不加區(qū)分,一律把它看作是動(dòng)詞不定式的小品詞的話,很容易判斷失誤。這一類的短語(yǔ)主要有:attribute…to,owe…to,devote…to,contribute…to,beusedto,beaccustomedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,objectto,opposeto,inadditionto等。如:
Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromherassoonaspossible.
我在盼望著盡快收到她的來(lái)信。
Hestronglyopposedtotravelingbyair.他強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)乘飛機(jī)。
中考英語(yǔ)中考非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)
每個(gè)老師上課需要準(zhǔn)備的東西是教案課件,大家在認(rèn)真寫教案課件了。只有寫好教案課件計(jì)劃,未來(lái)工作才會(huì)更有干勁!你們會(huì)寫一段優(yōu)秀的教案課件嗎?小編特地為大家精心收集和整理了“中考英語(yǔ)中考非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)”,歡迎您參考,希望對(duì)您有所助益!
中考英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專練
1.Thestudentsarekeptbusytheirlessons.
A.toreviewB.reviewC.reviewingD.onreviewing
2.IconsidertoseethefilmnextSunday.
A.togoB.goC.tobegoingD.going
3.Iwouldn’tadvisetherebybus,becauseitistoocrowded.
A.goB.togoC.togoingD.going
4.Iadvisedatonce.
A.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart
5.Wedon’tallowinthisroom.
A.smokingB.tosmoke
C.peoplesmokingD.peopletosmoking
6.Youshouldn’tallowgamesneartheclassroomforit’stoonoisy.
A.studentplayingB.toplayC.studentstoplayD.toplaying
7.Theyarebusyfortheexam.
A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.topreparing
8.WeshouldkeeponEnglisheveryday.
A.topractisetospeakB.topractisespeaking
C.practisingtospeakD.practisingspeaking
9.I’msorrytohavekeptyou.
A.waitB.towaitC.waitedD.waiting
10.It’sdangeroustoletthechildrenwhoaregoswimmingintheriver.
A.soyoungtoB.notoldenoughtoC.soyoungD.tooyoungto
11.Thepriceoffoodkeptinthosedays.
A.goingB.gettingC.risingD.turning
12.Thetravelersstoodonthehillsideandlookedatthesun.
A.risenB.raiseC.risingD.raising
13.ThemotherwasaskedTVeveryevening.
A.nottoletherchildrenwatchB.nottoletherchildrentowatch
C.notletherchildrenwatchD.notletherchildrenwatching
14.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound.
A.exposedB.toexposeC.tobeexposedD.exposing
15.Helikes,buthedoesn’tliketodaybecauseitistoocold.
A.toswim;toswimB.swimming;swimming
C.toswim;swimmingD.swimming;toswim
16.Hesattoherthestairs.
A.tolisten;toclimbB.listening;toclimb
C.listening;climbD.listening;toclimbing
17.HewouldsitaloneandlistentoMaythepiano.
A.toplayB.playingC.playedD.toplaying
18.Thegirlwasmadeshedidn’tloveatall.
A.marryamanB.tomarryaman
C.tomarrywithamanD.marriedwithaman
19.Don’tmakehimitifhedoesn’twantto.
A.doB.todoC.doingD.thathedo
20.Thisexperiencemadehimthestudyofscience.
A.interestinB.tointerestinC.interestinginD.interestedin
21.Heraisedhisvoicesoastomakehimself.
A.hearB.hearingC.beheardD.heard
22.HemanagedtomakehimselfwithhisEnglish.
A.understand;breakingB.understand;broken
C.understood;breakingD.understood;broken
23.It’stimetolistentothenews.Wouldyoumindtheradio?
A.metoopenB.mytoopenC.myopeningD.myturningon
24.Idon’tmindtotheparty.
A.beingnotinvitedB.notinvitingC.notbeinginvitedD.nottobeinvited
25.Theboydidn’tmindaloneathome.
A.toleaveB.leavingC.tobeleftD.beingleft
26.“Doyoumind?”“Goahead.”
A.turningonthefanB.ifIturnonthefan
C.toturnonthefanD.Iturnonthefan
27.Wedidn’tmissthefootballmatchlastnight.
A.watchingB.towatchC.watchD.watched
28.I’msorry,butImustsayyourEnglishneeds.
A.improvingB.tobeimprovingC.improveD.a(chǎn)nimprovement
29.Shemustbelookingforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimselfistoher.
A.seeB.haveseenC.seeingD.havingseen
30.“Youhavecomejustintimetohelpus.”
“Fine,whatneeds?”
A.IdoB.doneC.tobedoneD.todo
31.InEnglandasearlyasthecentury,youngpeopleenjoyedfootball.
A.twelfth…playingB.twelveth…playing
C.twelfth…toplayD.twelveth…toplay
32.Nooneenjoysfunofinpubic.
A.makingB.beingmadeC.tobemadeD.tomake
33.Noneofthecriminals(罪犯)escaped.
A.bepunishedB.beingpunishedC.tobepunishedD.punished
34.Onamorningthelittlematchgirlwasfoundatthecornerofthestreet.
A.freezing;freezingB.freezing;frozenC.frozen;frozenD.frozen;freezing
35.Theyfoundaoldwomanonthegroundwhenthedoorwasbrokenopen.
A.dying;lyingB.dead;liedC.death;layingD.died;lain
36.Wewentinandfoundtheroom.
A.poorlyfurnishedB.poorfurniture
C.wellfurnishingD.tobefurnishedbadly
37.Ifoundhimonhisbacklookingupward.
A.lieB.lyingC.layingD.laid
38.Theoldmanwasfoundonthefloor.
A.lyingdeadB.lyingdeathC.layingdeadD.layingdeath
39.Thechildrenwerefoundinthecave.
A.trappingB.trappedC.tobetrappingD.betrapped
40.Excusemeformydelayyourletter.
A.ofansweringB.inansweringC.toansweringD.toanswer
41.Whenhereturned,hiswifefoundhishairblack.
A.haddyedB.hasbeendyedC.bedyedD.dyed
42.Haveyoufinishedthenoticeontheblackboard?
A.writtenB.wroteC.writingD.towrite
43.Ifeellikealongwalk.Wouldyoulikewithme?
A.taking;goingB.taking;togoC.totake;togoD.totake;going
44.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill.
A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating
45.Theteacherforbadeourseats.
A.ustoleaveB.usleavingC.toleaveD.toleaving
46.Don’tforgettheletterformeonyourwayhome.
A.postB.topostC.postingD.posted
47.HaveyouforgottenarulerfromBetty?Pleaserememberittohertomorrow.
A.borrowing;toreturnB.borrowing;returning
C.toborrow;toreturnD.toborrow;returning
48.Iforgetthemintheschoolgarden.
A.a(chǎn)llowing;playingB.a(chǎn)llow;toplayC.a(chǎn)llowing;toplayD.toallow;playing
49.Iknewhedidn’tlistentome,butIwentontogethimintheproposal.
A.hoping;interestingB.tohope;interesting
C.hoping;interestD.hoping;interested
50.Hefinishedhishomeworkandthenwentonme.
A.helpingB.withhelpC.withhelpingD.tohelp
51.Youhadbettergetadoctoryourbadtooth.
A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout
52.Don’tgetintherain.
A.tobecaughtB.catchingC.tocatchD.caught
53.Ihaven’tgotachair.Willyoumakeroomforme?
A.tositB.tositinC.forsittingD.sitting
54.Bytheway,whendidyougetyourbedroom?
Lastweek?
A.topaintB.paintedC.paintingD.tobepainted
55.Wecan’tgetthecar.Weneedsomeoneus.
A.togo;tohelpB.going;tohelpC.going;helpingD.gone;helping
56.Whensheheardthenews,shecouldn’thelp.
A.jumpwithjoyB.tojumpwithjoy
C.jumpingwithjoyD.havingjumpedwithjoy
57.Icouldn’thelpbythebeautyoftheWestLake.
A.strickingB.beingstruckC.burstingD.beingburst
58.I’mafraidyoursuggestioncan’thelptheserviceoftheirshop.
A.improvingB.inimprovingC.improveD.forimproving
59.Thematterhadbetterasitis.
A.leaveB.beingleftC.leavingD.beleft
60.—Whendoyouthinkwe’llleavetomorrow?
—You’dbetterreadyatseveno’clock.
A.tobeB.beC.beingD.been
61.Youhadbetteryourshoes.
A.tohave;mendedB.have;mendedC.have;mendingD.have;mend
62.You’dbetterwhenyoucomein.
A.nottowakeupmeB.nottowakemeupC.notwakeupmeD.notwakemeup
63.IstudiedEnglishinprisonfromateach-yourselfbook,butIhaveneverheard.
A.spokenofitspeakingB.a(chǎn)wordofitspoken
C.a(chǎn)wordofitspeakingD.thespeakingofaword
64.Doyouoftenhavesomeoneyourclothes?
Yes,Ioftenhavethem.
A.wash;towashB.towash;washedC.washed;washD.wash;washed
65.Maryhadherfriendthebestone.
A.chooseB.chosenC.choseD.tochoose
66.Iwantedtohavehimthejob,butshehaditinstead.
A.do;doneB.does;dongC.todo;doingD.todo;done
67.Itwassocoldthatthetravelershadthefireallthenight.
A.burningB.toburnC.burnD.burnt
68.Yourhairisratherlong,youshouldhavealittle.
A.themcutB.itcuttingC.ittobecutD.itcut
69.Inthosedaysmyfamilydidn’thaveenoughroom..
A.toliveB.livinginC.toliveinD.living
70.Mygrandmotherseemstohavealot.
A.worryaboutB.toworryingaboutC.tobeworriedD.toworryabout
71.Theyinsistedonathoroughrestbeforegoingbacktowork.
A.himtotakeB.hetookC.histakingD.histaken
72.Whocouldhaveimaginedsuchasweet-temperedgirlasAlicesuchathing?
A.doingB.todoC.willdoD.does
73.Canyouimagineasanurse?
A.heworkB.hetoworkC.himworkingD.heworking
74.Youcanhardlyimagineachildsocruelly.
A.totreatB.tobetreatedC.beingtreatedD.treating
75.It’snouseoverspiltmilk.
A.cryB.tocryC.cryingD.becrying
76.Itisnogoodothers’shortcomings.
A.tojokeaboutB.tojokewithC.jokingwithD.jokingabout
77.Itisconsiderednogoodwithoutunderstanding.
A.reciteB.toberecitedC.recitedD.reciting
78.Thereiswhattheweatherwillbelike.
A.notknowingB.noknowingC.notknowD.noknown
79.Iwasdeepinthought,Ididn’tnotice.
A.himtocomeinB.himcomeinC.hecomeinD.hehasgotin
80.Theydidnotobserveherinandgoupstairs.
A.comeB.tocomeC.cameD.coming
81.Iobjectto.
A.makefunofB.makingfunof
C.bemadefunofD.beingmadefunof
82.Haveyouanyobjectiontothereonfoot?
A.begoingB.goingC.goD.went
83.Wedonotpermitintheoffice.
A.tosmokeB.smokingC.tobesmokingD.tosmoking
84.Willyoupermitme?
A.toexplainB.toexplainingC.explainingD.ofexplaining
85.Attentionmustbepaidtothejewelleryshop.
A.prevent;fromrobbedB.preventing;frombeingrobbed
C.prevent;frombeingrobbedD.preventing;beingrobbing
86.Iprefertowatchfootball.
A.toplayB.toplayingC.ratherthanplayD.thantoplay
87.Evenonholidays,hepreferredto.
A.working;donothingB.working;doingnothing
C.towork;donothingD.towork;doingnothing
88.“Howaboutadrink?”“I’drathersomethingtoeat.”
A.haveB.tohaveC.hadD.having
89.ExcuseyoubutIhaveanimportantmessageforyou.
A.metointerruptB.myinterrupt
C.myinterruptingD.meofinterrupting
90.Weregretthatthefilmwasnotworth.
A.tosay;toseeB.tosay;seeingC.saying;toseeD.saying;toseeing
91.Heregretstowatchthevolleyballmatch.
A.notbeingableB.can’tgoC.nottobeabletoD.can’tgoing
92.Idon’tregretevenifImighthavehurtherfeelings.
A.tellingwhatIthoughtB.tellingherwhatIthought
C.totellherwhatIthoughtD.totellherwhatIthought
93.Pleaseremembertheletterformewhenyougo.
A.posting;toshopB.posting;shoppingC.topost;toshopD.topost;shopping
94.DoesMrSmithremembertoChinawhenhewasachild?
A.beingtakenB.tobetakenC.takingD.totake
95.Theletterisnotonthedesk.Irememberitforyou.
A.havingpostedB.topostC.tobepostedD.posted
96.Weshoulddoaswearerequired.
A.doingB.doC.todoD.to
97.Hewasnotusedtobyair,sohefeltunwell.
A.travelB.travelledC.havetraveledD.travelling
98.Sheislookingforwardyouagain.
A.tomeetingB.tomeetC.meetingD.tobemet
99.HeusedontherightinChina,buthesoongotusedontheleftinEngland.
A.todrive;todriveB.todrive;driving
C.todriving;todriveD.todrive;todriving
100.Janedevotedherlifethesick.
A.tocaringforB.tocareforC.tocaringD.caringfor
101.Themotherwantedhersonwithoutdelay.
A.tooperateB.tobeoperatedon
C.tooperateonD.beingoperatedon
102.Ifyouwantaletter,youmustkeepinmindseveralruleswhile.
A.written;writtenB.wellwritten;writing
C.wellwriting;writingD.wellwritten;written
103.Shewantsreadherstory.
A.thatIB.meC.beingD.meto
104.Idon’twantthatsortofthing.
A.keephappenB.keephappening
C.tokeephappenD.tokeephappening
105.Mywatchwants.Itdoesn’ttherighttime.
A.torepair;tellB.beingrepaired;sayC.repairing;speakD.repairing;tell
106.Whydoyoustandandwatchthemilkover?
A.boilingB.boiledC.fromboilingD.beingboiled
107.Thebookisworth.
A.very;tobereadB.good;readingC.much;toreadD.well;reading
108.MrJohnrequireseachofhisstudentsacompositioneveryotherweek.
A.writingB.writeC.towriteD.written
109.Thesechickensrequirecarefully.
A.tolookafterB.lookingafter
C.lookedafterD.beinglookedafter
110.Thewholeplacerequires.
A.tobecleanedB.tobecleaningC.beingcleanedD.toclean
111.Therulerequiredthatallofusattheofficebytwoo’clock.
A.a(chǎn)rrivedB.shouldarriveC.wouldarriveD.a(chǎn)rriving
112.Soontheysawtheboyinthecrowd.
A.disappearB.todisappearC.disappearsD.bedisappeared
113.I’mpleasedtoseetheproblemsoquickly.
A.settledB.havingbeensettled
C.besettledD.settle
114.Isawhimbehindthetreethinking.
A.satB.seatedC.seatingD.seat
115.Hewasseenintothebedroom.
A.stealB.bestealingC.hadstolenD.stealing
116.Shewasseentheroom.
A.enterB.toenteringC.toenterD.beentering
117.Wesetaboutandsucceededourtaskintime.
A.towork;tofinishB.working;finishing
C.towork;finishingD.working;infinishing
118.Sheseemedatthenews.
A.surprisingB.surpriseC.surprisedD.tosurprise
119.Youlooklight-hearted.Nothingseemstoyou.
A.tohappenB.tohavebeenhappened
C.tohavehappenedD.tobehappened
120.Ispenthoursyourcomposition.
A.tolookthoughB.lookthroughC.lookingthroughD.lookedthrough
121.Muchtimeisspent.
A.writingB.towriteC.towritingD.tobewriting
122.Weadvisethemtostopsuchadangerousplan.
A.tothinkofcarryingonB.tothinkofcarryingout
C.thinkingofcarryingoffD.thinkingofcarryingout
123.Theystoppedwhentheymetinthestreet.
A.talkB.talkingC.totalkD.talked
124.Ihopeyou’llsucceedthisplan.
A.fulfillB.tofulfillC.fulfillingD.infulfilling
125.Thedaywehadlookedforwardtoatlast.
A.comingB.comeC.cameD.comes
126.Hesuggestedthemeetingtoanend
A.bringB.tobringC.bringingD.onbringing
127.Itrieditwasnogoodintothehabitofsmoking.
A.makinghimunderstand;togetB.makinghimtounderstand;toget
C.tomakehimunderstand;gettingD.tomakehimtounderstand;getting
128.Hecouldn’topenthefrontdoor,sohetriedthebackdoor.
A.pushB.topushC.pushedD.pushing
129.Thisinstrumentisusedmachines.
A.checkingB.tocheckingC.tocheckD.tobechecked
130.Itisknowntousallthatbamboocanbeusedtovariousthings.
A.makingB.makeC.bemadeD.beingmade
131.Ajobworthisworthwell.
A.do;doingB.doing;todoC.doing;doneD.doing;doing
132.It’sworthmuchisworth.
A.todowhat;todoB.doingthat;doingC.todowhat;doingD.doing;todo
133.Excusemeforlate.
A.havecomeB.comeC.comingD.tocome
134.Hedarenotgohomeforfearof.
A.punishingB.punishedC.beingpunishedD.tobepunished
135.ThomasEdisondevotedhislifetothesecretsofnature.
A.bringoutB.bringingoutC.keepingD.carryout
136.Wearelookingforwardthemuseum.
A.tovisitB.visitingC.tovisitingD.tobeabletovisit
137.Ihaddifficultintheplan.
A.carryingoutB.droppinginC.smoothingawayD.makinginto
138.Someplasticscanbemadeintoanyformwithout.
A.havingheatedB.beingheated
C.heatingD.havingbeenheating
139.ThewalletwasreturnedtoMrHopkinswithoutanything.
A.missingB.tobemissedC.missedD.tomiss
140.YoushoulddoyourhomeworkthiseveninginsteadofTV.
A.watchB.youwatchC.youwatchingD.watching
141.Thegirlmadethedoctorangrybyhisadvice.
A.notfollowingB.nottofollowC.takingD.takingout
142.Onlybytoomuchmoneycanwelivethroughthesemonths.
A.wastingB.nowastingC.notwastingD.wasted
143.Marywasnotafraidof.
A.laughingB.laughingatC.beinglaughedD.beinglaughedat
144.Ican’tthinkofaloneanylonger.
A.youlivingB.youliveC.youtoliveD.youareliving
145.Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveup,butherefusedso.
A.tosmoke;doingB.smoking;todoC.tosmoke;todoD.smoking;doing
146.Sheisfarfromwiththeresultoftheexam.
A.satisfyB.satisfiedC.beingsatisfiedD.satisfying
147.Theteacherrefuseditalbymyself.
A.letmedoB.letmetodoC.toletmetodoD.toletmedo
148.Hepretendednothingaboutit.
A.knowB.toknowC.knowingD.knew
149.Theteacheraskedthestudents.
A.keepquietB.tokeepquiet
C.don’tmakeanoiseD.nevermakeanymistakes
150.Hetoldthechildrenmakesomuchnoise.
A.don’tB.don’ttoC.tonotD.notto
151.“WilltheSmithsgoabroadthissummer?”
“No,theyfinallydecided.”
A.toB.notgoingC.nottoD.nottobegoing
152.Hedidn’tknoworstay.
A.toleaveB.ifthatheshouldleave
C.iftoleaveD.whethertoleave
153.Doyouknowtherepairs?
A.todoB.tomakeC.howtodoD.howtomaking
154.Themanwillusewhathehasacameraforhiswife.
A.togetB.gotC.buyD.bought
155.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan.
A.a(chǎn)quickfinishB.tofinishquicklyC.finishingquicklyD.youfinishquick
156.Wearetheexperimentintwomonthsatthemost.
A.tofinishB.finishC.finishingD.tofinishing
157.“AmIitupstairs?”
“Pleasedon’t,justleaveithere.”
A.carryB.carryingC.tocarryD.carried
158.Whatisthen?
A.tobedoingB.todoC.tobedoneD.doing
159.Wehavebeenlookingfortheboyallthemorningbutheisnowhere.
A.toseeB.seeingC.seenD.tobeseen
160.Seethedarkclouds?Itislikelysoon.
A.torainB.rainedC.rainingD.wouldrain
161.I’mhungry.Wouldyougetmesomething?
A.eatB.eatingC.toeatD.eaten
162.Willyoubeabletoattendthelecturenextweek?
A.givingB.givenC.tobegivenD.beinggiven
163.ThewayEnglishispractisingitasoftenaspossible.
A.leaning;speakingB.tolearn;tospeak
C.tolearn;speakingD.learning;tospeak
164.Heisaman.
A.todependB.dependingon
C.tobedependedD.tobedependedon
165.Thenewbuildingattheendofhisyearbelongstotheuniversity.
A.becompletedB.tobecompletedC.beingcompletedD.tocomplete
166.I’mverysorryforwhathashappened;thebadresultoughttoouttothoseattheverybeginning.
A.havebeenpointed;concernedB.havepointed;concerned
C.point;concernedD.bepointed;concerning
167.Helenisalwaysthefirsttotheoffice.
A.comesB.comingC.tocomeD.whocame
168.Heisamanhard.
A.dealwithB.dealtwithC.todealwithD.dealingwith
169.Ifeltitanhonourtospeakhere.
A.toaskB.a(chǎn)skingC.tobeaskedD.havingasked
170.a(chǎn)foreignlanguage,onemusthavealotofpractice.
A.FormasteringB.MasteringC.TomasterD.Soastomaster
171.Tosucceedinpassingtheexam,.
A.oneneedstobediligentB.diligenceisneeded
C.oneneedsbeadiligentpersonD.diligenceiswhatoneneeds
172.Hemadealongspeechhisignorance(無(wú)知)ofthesubject.
A.onlytoshowB.onlyshowingC.showingD.enoughtoshow
173.MrBrownissaidanewnovel.
A.towritingB.tohavebeenwritten
C.tobewrittenD.tohavewritten
174.Theoldmanissaidasailorwhenhewasyoung.
A.tohavebeenB.thathewasC.tobeD.ofbeing
175.withfright,ahungryfoxhidhimselfinasmallcave,histailtotherain.
A.Trembling;exposingB.Trembled;exposed
C.Trembled;exposingD.Trembling;exposed
176.Itwassoapoemthatquiteafewchildrenweretotears.
A.moved;movedB.moving;movingC.moving;movedD.moved;moving
177.IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youmustpractiseiteveryday.
A.speaking;speakingB.spoken;speaking
C.spoken;aspeakD.speaking;sospeak
178.Doyouknowthegirlatthebackoftheclassroom?
A.seatedB.seatingC.sitD.sat
179.Manyteacherswerepraisedatthemeeting,MrZhou.
A.includingB.beingincludedC.toincludeD.included
180.Thetwofarmerswhatappearedtobesmallgunsforcedtheenemyofficertohandinhismap.
A.carriedB.werecarryingC.carryingD.hadcarried
181.Thestory-bookwasborrowedfromthelibrary.
A.whichitisonthedeskB.whichonthedesk
C.isonthedeskD.lyingonthedesk
182.Amanisoftenafraidof.
A.dying;deadB.dead;deathC.dead;dyingD.dying;death
183.Thewheatfieldsareirrigatedbywaterfromapondthroughbamboopipes.
A.bringB.bringsC.broughtD.bringing
184.Sixninemakesfifteen.
A.a(chǎn)ddedtoB.a(chǎn)ddstoC.a(chǎn)ddeduptoD.a(chǎn)ddedby
185.Thedoctoraskedthepatienttodrinkmorewater.
A.boilingB.boiledC.coldD.beingboiled
186.Thelecturerwillbeheretomorrow.
A.totalkaboutsomuchB.tobetalkingaboutsomuch
C.somuchtalkingaboutD.somuchtalkedabout
187.Thelanguageforspeakingonthetelephoneissimilartothatofordinaryconversation.
A.isusedB.isusingC.usedD.using
188.“Look,”Marysaid,“thebuildingisourlibrary.”
A.isrepairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepairing
189.Thequestionatpresenthassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.
A.tobediscussingB.todiscussC.beendiscussedD.beingdiscussed
190.Therearealotofpeasantsinthericefields.
A.whoworksB.whoworkedC.workD.working
191.Hewassittingthere,indeepthought.
A.loseB.lostC.lossD.losing
192.thebookstore,hehestoppedafewbooks.
A.Passing;buyingB.Passing;tobuy
C.Topass;buyingD.Havingpassed;tobuy
193.verysmall,computersarewidelyused.
A.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.Being
194.manytime,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.
A.HavingbeentoldB.Thoughhehadbeentold
C.HehadbeentoldD.Havingtold
195.hermotherhadcome,herfacelitup.
A.HearingB.HavingheardC.WhenhearingD.Whensheheard
196.Walkingdownthestreettheotherday,.
A.IsawunusualsomethinghappenedB.a(chǎn)terribleaccidenthappened
C.somethingunusualwasseenbymeD.Isawaterribleaccident
197.inthefog,wewereforcedtospendtwohoursinthewoods.
A.ToloseB.LosingC.LostD.Havinglost
198.inwhite,shelooksmuchmorebeautiful.
A.WearingB.DressingC.DressedD.Havingdressed
199.fromthehill,thelittlevillagelooksallthemorebeautiful.
A.ToseeB.BeingseenC.SeeingD.Seen
200.,theoldmanislivingahappylife.
A.TakinggoodcareB.Takengoodcare
C.HavingtakengoodcareD.Takengoodcareof
201.theboycouldn’tenterhishouse.
A.SincethekeyhaslostB.Thekeybeenlost
C.LostthekeyD.Havinglostthekey
202.wheretogo,heaskedapolicemantheway.
A.HavinglosthiswayandnotknowingB.Losinghiswayanddidn’tknow
C.LosthiswayandnotknowingD.Losthiswayanddidn’tknow
203.fromhersonforalongtime,shedecidedtowritetohim.
A.NothavingheardB.Havingnotheard
C.NothearingD.Hearingnot
204.totheparty,Joanwasgreatlyhurt.
A.HavingnotbeenininvitedB.Nothavingbeeninvited
C.HavingnotinvitedD.Nothavinginvited
205.Thenovelissaidintomanylanguage.
A.tobetranslatedB.beingtranslated
C.tohavebeentranslatedD.havingbeentranslates
206.totheleftandyou’llseethepostoffice.
A.ToturnB.TurningC.TurnedD.Turn
207.theairporttheywavedagainandagaintome.
A.WhenleavingB.WhenleaveC.WhentoleaveD.Whenleft
208.Whenintoawarmroom,theicesoonchangedtowater.
A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.taken
209.Lookroundwhenthestreet.
A.crossB.crossingC.crossedD.tocross
210.When,icechangesintowater.
A.toheatB.heatingC.heatedD.theyareheated
211.madehermotherveryangry.
A.Helen’smarriedJackB.HelenhasmarriedJack
C.HelenmarryingJackD.Helen’smarryingJack
212.Thesituationismorethanever.I’maboutwhattodonest.
A.puzzled;puzzledB.puzzling;puzzling
C.puzzling;puzzledD.puzzled;puzzling
213.ThenewsJim.Hewasatthenews.Hefoundthenews.
A.surprised;surprised;surprisingB.surprised;surprising;surprised
C.surprising;surprised;surprisedD.surprising;surprising;surprised
214.Chinaisacountrytothethirdworld.
A.developed;belongsB.developing;belonging
C.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged
215.Theoldmanwalkedinthestreet,.
A.followedbyhissonB.followedhisson
C.a(chǎn)ndfollowinghissonD.a(chǎn)ndfollowingbyhisson
[參考答案]
1-5CDDBA6-10CBDDC11-15CCAAD16-20CBBAD21-25DDDCD
26-30BAACC31-35ABBBA36-40ABABB41-45DCBCA46-50BACDD
51-55BDBBB56-60CBCDB61-65BDBDA66-70AADCD71-75CACCC
76-80DDBBA81-85DBBAB86-90CBACB91-95ABDAA96-100DDADA
101-105BBDDD106-110ADCBA111-115BAABD116-120CDCCC121-125ADCDC
126-130CCDCB131-135DCCCB136-140CABAD141-145ACDAB146-150CDBBD
151-155CDCAB156-160ACCDA161-165CCCDB166-170ACCCC171-175AADAA
176-180CBADC181-185DDCAB186-190DCBDD191-195BBDCD196-200DCCDD
201-205DAABC206-210DADBC211-215DCABA
2018中考英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)辨析:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
2018中考英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)辨析:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)往往表示普通的、一般的行為,不定式作主語(yǔ)常表示某次具體的行為。不定式(或不定式短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用“it”來(lái)代替,稱為形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ)(不定式)放在句尾。
如:
Collectinginformationaboutchildrenshealthishisjob.
收集有關(guān)兒童健康的信息是他的工作。
Itsnecessarytodiscusstheproblemwithanexperiencedteacher.與一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題是有必要的。
(2)常用不定式作主語(yǔ)的句型有:
①Itsdifficult(important,necessary)forsb.todo...
②Itskind(good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave)ofsb.todo...
(3)常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的句型有:
①Itsnogood(use,fun)doing...
②Itisawasteoftimedoing...
02、不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
2018中考英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)辨析:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
Theystoppedtosmokeacigarette.
他們停下來(lái),抽了根煙。
Imuststopsmoking.
我必須戒煙了。
Dontforgettocometomorrow.
別忘了明天來(lái)。
Heforgotturningthelightoff.
他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。
Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.
記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。
Dontyourememberseeingthemanbefore?
你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎?
Iregrettotellyouthatyoucantpasstheexamination.
我很遺憾地通知你你不能通過(guò)這次考試。
Iregretdisturbingyousolong.
我很抱歉打擾了你那么久。
Pleasetrytofinishthisworkinthirtyminutes.
請(qǐng)盡量在30分鐘完成這項(xiàng)工作。
Whydidntyoutryridingabiketogotoschool?
為什么不試著騎車去學(xué)校呢?
Imeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday,butIforgot.
我本來(lái)打算今天給你這本書(shū)的,可是我忘了。
Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.
錯(cuò)過(guò)這輛火車意味著你得再等一小時(shí)。
03、動(dòng)詞不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別
(1)see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等動(dòng)詞既可跟不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ),也可跟現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)。跟不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)表事情全過(guò)程或一次性動(dòng)作;跟現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行。
如:
IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow.
剛才我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她唱了一首英文歌。
IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.
昨天經(jīng)過(guò)她房間時(shí),我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在唱英文歌。
04、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別
(1)語(yǔ)態(tài)上不同:現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的意思,而過(guò)去分詞多由及物動(dòng)詞變來(lái),表示被動(dòng)的意思。
如:
anexcitingstory
一個(gè)令人興奮的故事(主動(dòng))
theexcitedlisteners
激動(dòng)的聽(tīng)眾(被動(dòng),即被引起激動(dòng)的)
amovingfilm
一部感動(dòng)人的影片
amovedaudience
受感動(dòng)的觀眾
(2)時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同:一般說(shuō)來(lái),現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作往往正在進(jìn)行,而過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作,往往已經(jīng)完成。
如:
thechangingworld
正在變化著的世界
thechangedworld
已經(jīng)起了變化的世界
developingcountries
發(fā)展中國(guó)家
developedcountries
發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家
05、havesb.dosth.;havesb.doing;havesth.done辨析
(1)havesb.dosth.
“have+sb.(賓語(yǔ))+dosth.(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))”意為“讓/叫/使某人做某事”。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的have是使役動(dòng)詞,sb.作賓語(yǔ),其后的dosth.是省去to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
如:
Illhavesomeonerepairthebikeforyou.
我會(huì)讓人為你修理自行車的。
(2)havesb./sth.doing
“have+sb./sth.(賓語(yǔ))+現(xiàn)在分詞(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))”意為“叫/讓/使某人一直做某事或讓某種情況一直發(fā)生”。賓語(yǔ)sb./sth.后面用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示賓語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如:
Donthavethedogbarkingmuch.
別讓狗狂吠不停。
(3)havesth.done
“have+sth.(賓語(yǔ))+過(guò)去分詞(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))”意為“讓/叫/使/請(qǐng)別人做某事”。賓語(yǔ)sth.后面用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),說(shuō)明sth.與過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
如:
Hehashadhishaircut.
他(請(qǐng)人給他)理發(fā)了。
6含doing的常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)
havedifficulty/trouble/problem/fun//agoodtime+(in)+doing;
feellikedoing
=wouldliketodo想要做某事;
spendtime(in)doingsth花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事;
go+doing表示“從事某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)”;
bebusydoing忙著做……;
makeacontributiontodoing為……作貢獻(xiàn);
lookforwardtodoing期待……;
preferdoingtodoing比起做……更喜歡做......;
beusedtodoing習(xí)慣于……