高中語文必修二教案
發(fā)表時間：2020-11-09人教版高二Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica教案。
一名優(yōu)秀的教師在教學(xué)時都會提前最好準(zhǔn)備，教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案，這是教師需要精心準(zhǔn)備的。教案可以讓學(xué)生們充分體會到學(xué)習(xí)的快樂，減輕教師們在教學(xué)時的教學(xué)壓力。我們要如何寫好一份值得稱贊的教案呢？為此，小編從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上為大家精心整理了《人教版高二Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica教案》，希望能為您提供更多的參考。
人教版高二Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Period1Let’slistenandspeak!
Goals
◆TalkabouttheUSA.
◆Practisedescribingplaces.
◆Improvestudents’capabilityoflisteningandspeaking.
Procedures
Leadingin:bybrainstorm.
Morning,class!Asisknown,Americaisoneofthemostdevelopedandimportantcountriesintheworld.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutAmerica?
WhoisthepresidentofAmericanow?
WhowasthefirstpresidentofAmerica?
What’sontheAmericannationalflag?
WhendidAmericabecomeanindependentcountry?
WhataremostfamousuniversitiesinAmerica?
What’sthenicknameofNewYork?
Excellent!Youdidwell.NowtolearnmoreaboutAmerica,pleaseturntopage41andlet’slearnLocationofUSA
NorthAmerica,borderingboththeNorthAtlanticOceanandtheNorthPacificOcean,betweenCanadaandMexico
Task1:Looking,discussingandfinishing.
1.Lookatpage41orthescreen.ThisisamapoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaandtworelatedpictures.Decidewhetherthefollowing8sentences(onpage41-42)aretrueorfalse.
2.OK,nowyouareingroupsdiscussingwhatyouknowaboutUSAandwhatyou’dliketoknowmoreaboutit.Afterthediscussion,you’dbettermakealistofthethingsdiscussed.
Task2:Listening,correctingandspeaking.
1.Askthestudentstolistentopart1andcorrecttheerrorsinWangXiao’snotesonpage42.
2.Askthestudentstolistentopart1againandanswerthequestionsonpage42.
3.Askthestudentstolistenpart2andchoosethebestanswersonpage42.
4.Askthestudentstorepeatthelisteningtextofnecessary.
Task3:Speaking.
Putthestudentsinpairstodiscuss:Whatdoesyourhometownlooklike?
Usefulexpressions
1.Whatdoesitlooklike?
2.Howlong/wide/high/tallisthe…?
3.It’s…meterslong/wide/high/tall.
4.Thereis…inthenorth.
5.Wheredoesitlie?
6.Itliesintheeast/west/north/westof…
Closingupbyproduction.
Now,that’sallforthediscussion.I’dlikeyoutodescribetotheclasswhatyourhometownlookslike.Whowillhaveatry?
Homework
Askthestudentstowriteashortparagraphabouthis/herhometownoracityinhis/herprovince.
Period2Let’sread!
(THEAMERICANSOUTH)
Goals
◆ProvidestudentswithopportunitiestoknowmoreabouttheUSA.
◆Learnandmastersomekeylanguagepoints.
◆Improvestudents’capabilityofcomprehension.
Procedures
Leadingin:byapuzzle.
Goodmorning,class!Pleaselookatthescreen,matchtheeventsandthetime.
Great!ToknowmoreabouttheUSA,pleaseturntopage43.WeshalllearnTHEAMERICANSOUTH.
USA:Flagdescription
13equalhorizontalstripesofred(topandbottom)alternatingwithwhite;thereisabluerectangleintheupperhoist-sidecornerbearing50small,white,five-pointedstarsarrangedinnineoffsethorizontalrowsofsixstars(topandbottom)alternatingwithrowsoffivestars;the50starsrepresentthe50states,the13stripesrepresentthe13originalcolonies;knownasldGlory;thedesignandcolorshavebeenthebasisforanumberofotherflags,includingChile,Liberia,Malaysia,andPuertoRico
Task1:Readingforgeneralideas.
1.Askthestudentstoreadthetextquickly,thenfindthemainideatoeachparagraph.
2.Askthestudentstoreadthetextcarefully,thenfinishPOST-READINGonpage44.
Task2:Readingandcopying.
UsefulexpressionsfromTHEAMERICANSOUTH
Findwaystodosth.,dealwith…,drive…off…,beslowtoheal,thescarsrundeep,bebehind…inareaslikeeducationandeconomy,burndown…,recoverfrom…,takeaway…,aimat…,aseriesof…,inhonorof…,invain,beproudof…,bedeterminedtodosth.,makeanewbeginning,beknownfor…,share…with…,beproudtodosth.,displayone’simage,aboomingbusinesscenter
Task3:Discussing.
Askthestudentstodiscussthefollowingquestions:
WhydidthepeopleofAtlantarebuildthecityalmostfromnothing?
WhydoesthetexttellusaboutMartinLutherKing,Jr.?
WhatcanwelearnfromthedevelopmentofAtlanta?
Closingupbyretellingthetext.
FinallyI’dlikeoneofyoutoretellthetextinyourownwords.
Period3Let’sstudy!
(Grammar:ReviewNonfiniteVerbs2)
Goals
◆HelpthestudentstosummarizemethodsofWordFormation.
◆HelpthestudentstoimprovetheirabilitytodefinewordsinEnglish.
◆HelpthestudentstoreviewNonfiniteVerbs(2).
Procedures
Leadingin(1):listening.
Goodmorning,class!WelearnedTHEAMERICANSOUTHyesterday.Nowlet’slistentoit.
OK.TodayweregoingtodowithwordstudyandreviewNonfiniteVerbs(2).Pleaseturntopage45,andlet’sbeginwithwordstudy.
Leadingin(2):bypresentation.
Hello,everyone!YesterdaywelearnedthetextTHEAMERICANSOUTH.Iwantoneofyoutoretellthetextinyourownwords.Whowouldliketotry?
Welldone!NowtodaywearegoingtodowithwordstudyandreviewNonfiniteVerbs(2).Pleaseturntopage45,andlet’sbeginwithwordstudy.
Task1:Pickingoutthedifferentword.
Askthestudentstopickoutonewordfromeachgroupthatisdifferentfromtheothersandexplainwhyitisdifferentonpage45.
Task2:Speakingandfinishing.
AskthestudentstowritethecorrectformsofthewordsaccordingtoWordFormationonpage45.
Task3:Fillingintheblanks.
Askthestudentstofillineachblankwiththecorrectadjectivegiveninthebox.ThenaskthestudentstotranslatethesentencesintoChineseifnecessary.
Task4:ReviewingNonfiniteVerbs(2).
1.HelpthestudentstoreviewthefunctionsofNonfiniteVerbs.
2.Askthestudentstofinishtheexercisesonpage46.
3.AskthestudentstoreadTheAmericaSouthagaintofindanyexamplesofNonfiniteverbs.
Homework:Readthefollowingpassage.
USA:ABriefDescription
It’sthoughtthattheAmericaswerefirstinhabitedbyStoneAgepeoplesthatmigratedfromSiberia.
Overthemanycenturiesthatfollowed,thelandwascoveredandterritorializedfromcoasttocoastbyawidevarietyofIndiantribes.
Andthen,theWhitMancame.FirsttheNorsemanfromGreenland,andthenalargegroupofEuropeanexplorers.
ConflictsandwarsoverlandsclaimedbyIndiansandotherestablishednationswerefollowedbytheIndependenceWar,asAmerica,anditsupstartcolonies,brokefromEnglandanddeclaredtheirindependence.
TodaytheUnitedStatesofAmerica,remainsontheplantonlytruesuperpower,bothineconomyandmilitary.
Astheworld’slargesteconomy,it’sasignificantleadinginthefieldsofagriculture,education,energy,healthcare,high-tech,serviceindustries,spaceexploration,andmanufacturingofalldescriptions.
Thecountryincludes50states;48continentalstates,plusAlaskaandHawaii,theneweststates.
Dozensofmajorcitiescoverthelandfromcoast-to–coast,andWashingtonD.C.,thecapital,reflectstheincrediblehistoryofAmerica,andstandsasasymbolofitsfreedom,liberty,andjusticeforall.
Period4Let’sreadandwrite!
(THEBISONONTHEPLAINSOFAMERICA)
Goals
◆Providethestudentswithopportunitiestodeveloptheirextensivereadingskillsandlearnaboutthebison.
◆Letthestudentspractiseinwritingacomparisonessay.
Procedures
Leadingin:bylistening.
Morning,class!WehavelearnedsomethingabouttheUSA,especiallyaboutAtlanta.Todaywe’lllearnsomethingaboutalargeanimalontheplainsofAmerica.Nowpleaseturntopage46andreadthetextTHEBISONONTHEPLAINSOFAMERICAwhilelisteningtotherecording.
Task1:Readingandcorrecting.
Askthestudentstoreadthetextquicklyandthendecidewhetherthesentencesaretrueorfalseonpage47.
Task2:Copyingdownexpressions.
Askthestudentstoreadthetextagainandcopydowntheusefulexpressions.
UsefulexpressionsfromTHEBISONONTHEPLAINSOFAMERICA
UsefulexpressionsfromTHEBISONONTHEPLAINSOFAMERICA
crossalandbridge,liveby…,atypeof…,inhugenumbers,growtoashoulderheightof1.5meters,weigh1,100kilograms,kill…formeat,providewarmclothing,make…from…,from2004onward,movewestward,makeagreementswith…,breakagreements,buildrailwayscrosstheplains,cutofftheskins,asaresult,dieout,inturn
Task3:Discussingandfinishing.
NowyouareingroupstodiscussthequestionofWhat’stheecosystemontheplainsofAmerica?
Afterthediscussion,finishingthediagramonpage48.
Task4:WritinganE-mailaboutthecomparisonbetweenChinaandtheUSA.
1.Askthestudentstogothroughtheinformationonpage48.
2.Askthestudentstofinishtheirwriting.
Closingupbypresentation.
Haveyoufinishedyourwriting?Nowingroupsyouareaskedtopresentyourworkbyreadingitaloud,andthendecideonthebestandrecommendittomeafterschool.Thetoptwopieceswillgetrewards.
SampleWriting
DearJenny,
Thankyouforyoure-mail.I’mgladtohearthatyouareinterestedinChinaandIwillbehappytotrytotellyousomethingaboutmycountry.
ChinaandtheUSAarebothlargecountries.Somethingsaboutthetwocountriesaresimilar,whileotherthingsaredifferent.
Thetwocountriesareaboutthesamesize,butChinaisalittlelargerwithanareaof9.6millionkm2.However,thepopulationofChinaismanytimeslarger.Ithasapopulationofnearly1.3billionbuttheUSAhasonlyabout283million.ThismeansthatthereismuchmorespaceintheUSAforitspopulation.
TwoofthemostimportantcitiesintheUSAareontheEastCoast.TheyareNewYork,thelargestcityintheUSA,andWashingtonDC,thecapital.LosAngelesisthelargestandmostfamouscityintheWestCoast.InChinatherearemanycitieswithlargepopulations.AmongthebestknownareBeijing,thecapital,Tianjin,ChongqingandShanghai,thelargestcityinChina.
Ihopethiswillhelpyou.IfyouwanttoknowmoreaboutChina,oraboutme,pleasesendanothere-mail.IwouldbehappytohearfromyouandIwouldliketoknowmoreabouttheUSA.
Yours,
ZhangMinghui
Period4LanguagePoints
1.entryn.(1)進(jìn)入,入場;(演員)出場(2)入口;門口(3)通道,路口;河口(4)登記;申報;記錄;項目,帳目;詞條輸入,引入,引入線(5)參加競賽的人[物](6)(海關(guān))報關(guān)手續(xù),報單(7)對土地的侵占;對家宅的侵入
makeatriumphantentryintothetown凱旋入城
bookkeepingbydouble[single]entry復(fù)[單]式簿記wordentry(詞典中的)詞條
fiftyentriesforMarathonrace50名馬拉松賽跑參加者
Theirentryintothewarchangedthewholesituation他們的參戰(zhàn)改變了整個局勢。
習(xí)慣用語
forceone`sentryinto闖入makeanentryin記入,登記,入場
makeone`sentry出場entryofsatisfaction償清登記
2.mentaladj(1)心理的；智力的(2)在心內(nèi)做的；智力所為的
(3)精神病的mentalillness精神病mentalpatient精神病患者
(4)瘋的；精神不正常的
Don`tlistentohim;he`smental."別聽他的,他是個瘋子。"
3.physicaladj(1)（與思想、精神相對的）物質(zhì)的
(2)自然的；按自然法則的physicallaws自然法則
(3)身體的；肉體的physicaltraining體育鍛煉
Physicalfitnessishavingastronghealthybody.
身體健康就是有一個強壯健康的身體。
(4)物理學(xué)的；物理的physicalchange物理變化
4.troubledadj.困惑的;騷亂的,不安的
troubledtimes亂世troubledwaters波濤洶涌的海;混亂狀態(tài)
fishintroubledwaters[喻]渾水摸魚,趁火打劫
5.depressionn.(1)低氣壓區(qū)；低氣壓
Adepressionusuallybringsbadweather.低氣壓通常帶來壞天氣。
(2)沮喪；愁苦；抑郁；失望情緒
Aholidaywillhelphisdepression.度假會幫助他改善抑郁情緒。
(3)蕭條，不景氣；經(jīng)濟蕭條時期economicdepression經(jīng)濟蕭條
Manymenlosttheirjobsduringthebusinessdepression.
在商業(yè)蕭條時期很多人都失業(yè)了。
6.unrestn.不穩(wěn);不安的狀態(tài);騷亂,動亂
campusunrest大學(xué)學(xué)潮,學(xué)生運動;financialunrest金融動蕩
monetaryunrest貨幣動蕩
7.recoverre-重+cover蓋vt,vi恢復(fù),復(fù)原；收回；取回;
IrecoveredthemoneyIhadlost.我找回了丟失的錢。
Shesoonrecoveredherselfandstoppedcrying.她很快就恢復(fù)了常態(tài)，不哭了。
Sherecoveredfromacold.她感冒好了。
Ihopeyouwillsoonrecover.希望你早日康復(fù)。
8.unemploymentn.失業(yè);失業(yè)狀態(tài)
AlotofworkerswerethrownintounemploymentduringtheGreatDepression.
經(jīng)濟大蕭條時期很多工人被迫失業(yè)。
unemploymentbenefit[compensation]失業(yè)救濟；
unemploymentinsurance失業(yè)保險；unemploymentpay失業(yè)補貼
9.sacrificen(1)供奉，祭祀；祭品
Alambwasofferedinsacrifice.一只小羊用作祭祀。
(2)犧牲，獻(xiàn)身Hisparentsmadesacrificestopayforhiseducation.他的父母為供他上學(xué)而作出了犧牲。
(3)犧牲品Hegavehislifeasasacrificeforhiscountry.他為國犧牲了。
sacrificevt,vi-ficed,-ficing(1)（常與to連用）供奉，祭祀；獻(xiàn)祭
Hesacrificedasheepinthetemple.他在寺廟里供奉上一只羊。
(2)（常與to連用）犧牲；獻(xiàn)身Amotherwillsacrificeherlifeforherchildren.母親會為自己的孩子操勞一生的。Shehassacrificedherselftoherhusband`sinterests.為了丈夫的利益，她犧牲了自己。
10.vainadj(1)無用的；無結(jié)果的；徒勞的
avainattempt無用的嘗試vainpromises空頭許諾
(2)自負(fù)的；愛虛榮的
She`sveryvainabouthergoodlooks.她為她那好的容貌而自負(fù)。
invain徒然，枉然
Thepolicetriedinvaintobreakuptheprotestcrowds.
警察企圖驅(qū)散抗議的人群,但沒有成功。
Allourworkwasinvain.我們所有的工作都白費了。
11.overcomevt.(-came;-come)
(1)打敗,征服;克服(困難)
overcomedifficulties戰(zhàn)勝困難overcomeone`sshortcomings克服缺點
(2)[常用被動語態(tài)]壓倒,制服,...不堪(with,by)
beovercomewithliquor喝醉;Wewereovercomewithjoy.我們喜出望外。
Wewereovercomebyheat.我們熱得受不了。
12.despiteprep相當(dāng)于inspiteof,“不管；不顧；即使”
Despitethebadweatherweenjoyedourholiday.
盡管天氣不好，我們的假期仍過得很愉快。
Despitewantingtoseehimagain,sherefusedtoreplytohisletters.
她盡管很想再見到他，但卻不愿給他回信。
13.eventuallyadv最后
Heworkedsohardthateventuallyhemadehimselfill.
他工作太賣力，最后自己病倒了。
"Whenitwaseventuallybroughttoshore,itwasfoundtobeoverthirteenfeetlong.""最后把它弄上岸時,發(fā)現(xiàn)這條魚身長超過13英尺。"
Thesedesertedorphanslivedhappilyeverafter.
此后,這些被遺棄的孤兒一直過得很幸福。
14.takeachance冒一冒險,碰碰運氣,利用一下機會
注：opportunity,chance,的一般含義是“時機”或“機會”。
(1)opportunity表示某時機符合自己想干某事的意愿、目的、雄心甚至野心。比方：“伺機而動”，這“而動”即去做自己想去完成的事情，此語可譯為waitforanopportunitytotakeaction；“借此機會說幾句話”，這“說幾句話”即說明該時機符合自己想干某事的意愿，此語可譯為toavailoneselfoftheopportunitytosayafewwords.
Perhapsthereisanelementoftruthinboththesepictures,butfewofushavehadtheopportunitytofindout.或許這兩種想象中都有一定的真實成分，但是我們中很少有人有機會去發(fā)現(xiàn)它。
Amanwithoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwenty-centuryopportunities.我們許多人都相信，沒有受過教育的人是境況不佳的不幸犧牲品，他們被剝奪了20世紀(jì)最了不起的機會之一。
(2)chance表示幸運或偶然的時機
Perhapsitisthedesireforsolitudeorthechanceofmakinganunexpecteddiscoverythatluresmendowntothedepthsoftheearth.可能正是尋覓幽靜的去處，或者找個獵奇的機會的欲望引誘著人們進(jìn)入地球的深處。
Noonediscoversararitybychance.僥幸發(fā)現(xiàn)一件珍品的人是沒有的。
15.hostn主人;主辦（地、機構(gòu)）;hostess女主持人，女主人
MrBrownwasourhostattheparty.布朗先生是我們晚會的主人。
MissWangXiaoyawillbethehostessoftoday’sprogram.
王小丫將擔(dān)任今天節(jié)目的女主持人。
"Thehostteamandtheguestteamwoneachofthegames,sotheywereevenwitheachother.""客隊和主隊各贏一場,現(xiàn)在他們兩隊打平了。"
hostvt作東，作為主人招待；主辦
Theacademicconferencewashostedbyouruniverstiy.
我們學(xué)校充當(dāng)這次學(xué)術(shù)會議的東道主。
AtlantaandLosAngeleshavehostedtheOlympicGames.亞特蘭大和洛杉磯都主辦過奧林匹克運動會。
延伸閱讀
高二英語Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica知識點總復(fù)習(xí)教案
高二英語Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica知識點總復(fù)習(xí)教案
SectionII閱讀
6.EversincetheCivilWar,theSouthhasstruggledtofindwaystodealwithitstroubledpast.自從南北戰(zhàn)爭以來，美國南方各州一直在竭力找辦法處理動蕩不安的過去。(p.43Reading第一段第1行)
▲struggle此處是動詞，作“盡力使得”解釋，后面接不定式。如：①Thebusinessmanstruggledtofreehimselffromdebt.那商人竭力想要擺脫債務(wù)。②Shestruggledtorememberwhereshehadbeenatthetimeoftheaccident.她竭力回憶事故發(fā)生時她在哪里。
struggle的原意是“掙扎”“斗爭”后面可接不定式或for,against,with等介詞。如：①Mostanimalshavetostruggleforexistenceinadangerousworld.大多數(shù)動物不得不在一個充滿危險的世界里為生存而斗爭。②Themanintheboatstruggledwiththegreatwaves.小船上的人與巨浪搏斗。③Theboystruggledwiththequestionandatlastfoundtheanswer.那男孩苦想問題，終于找到了答案。④Theswimmerstruggledagainstthetide.游泳者奮力與海浪搏斗。
▲way
(1)道路，路線路途W(wǎng)hichisthebest/right/quickest/shortestway?哪條路是最好(正確、最快、最近)的路?Thelongest/farthestwayround/aboutisthenearestwayhome.最遠(yuǎn)的路才是捷徑。Hemade/pushed/fought/felthiswayout.他走(擠、沖、摸索著走)出去。
(2)方法，手段Theyhadnowaytocommunicatewithher.他們沒有辦法與她聯(lián)系。Whatsthewayofaddress-ingtheQueen?怎么稱呼女王才得體?Theway(that)youaredoingitiswrong.你這么做錯了。
拓展：bytheway順便說
ononesway在……的路上;ontheway在途中;alltheway一直地;asktheway問道;bywayof取道，經(jīng)由;havealongwaytogo還要走很遠(yuǎn)的路，還要做很大的努力;ina/oneway在某種程度上(in)onesown;way按自己的方式intheway妨礙
▲dealwith有“對付”“應(yīng)付”“相處”之意。如：①Thatmanisimpossibletodealwith.這人無法相處。②Illgetsomeoneelsetodealwiththem.我將另找一個人來對付他們。③Dealfairlywithyourstudents!對你的學(xué)生要公正!④Heseemedtobequick-tempered,butwasactuallynotdifficulttodealwith.他性子急，但不難相處。
dealwith還常用來表示以下意思：
(1)是……的買主；與......有生意往來TheGreensdealwiththebutcheratthecorneroftheblock.格林家通常在街角處的肉鋪買肉。
(2)attendto處理(事情、問題、緊急情況等)Heisapersonwhocandealproperlywithallsituations.他是一個能恰當(dāng)處理各種局面的人。
(3)關(guān)于，論及Thisarticledealswithanimportantsubject.這篇文章論及一個重要問題。
7....thepainsofslavesbroughtfromAfricabygreedyslaveowners.被貪婪的奴隸販子從非洲帶來的奴隸的痛苦。(p.43Reading第一段第3行)
▲pain原意為“疼痛”，表示身體局部的疼痛，其前一般用不定冠詞，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。如：①Maryiscryingbecauseshehasapaininherstomach.瑪麗胃疼得哭了起來。②Shehadpainsinherbackallthetime.她背部一直痛。③Icouldntsleepforpain.我疼得睡不著覺。
表示身體某部分的疼痛，介詞要用in，不可用at或on，如例句①②。
pain表示“痛苦”時，是不可數(shù)名詞。如：①YouwillforgivemeifIhavegivenyourpain.如果我給了你痛苦，請你原諒我。②Thepaininherheartwasintolerable.她內(nèi)心的痛苦簡直無法忍受。③Itwillcauseherinfinitepain.這會給她帶來無限的痛苦。④HowwellIunderstoodtheconfusionandpainofherparents!我非常理解她父母的迷惑和痛苦!
pain作“煩惱”“辛苦”“費心”“努力”解釋時要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：①Heisagoodteacherandtakesgreatpainswithhispupils.他是個好老師，非常盡力地教育學(xué)生。②Withgreatpainsandmuchpatience,IatlastmanagedtogetfromthemtheinformationIwanted.我煞費苦心，堅韌不拔，總算從他們那里弄來了我需要的信息。②Theoldladyhadtakengreatpainswithherhair.這老太太在頭發(fā)上花了一番工夫。③Shetookgreatpainstoshowmehowthecomputerworked.她努力向我展示這臺計算機的工作原理。
inpain是“痛苦”“疼痛”之意，通常作表語，withpain是“疼痛地”“痛得”之意，用作狀語。如：①ThesoldierWaswounded,andinpain.這名戰(zhàn)士受傷了，疼得很。②TheboyWascryingwithpainafterhebrokehisarm.這男孩摔斷胳膊后疼得哭叫起來。
也可作動詞用，意為“使心痛(痛苦)”“使苦惱”。如：①Itpainedmetowatchthemquarrel.看見他們爭吵我很難受。②Onnightslikethis,hiswoundedfootpainedhim.在這樣的夜晚，他的傷腳就作痛。③Mytoothdoesntpainmenow.我的牙齒現(xiàn)在不痛了。
8.…themanysacrificesoftheCivilRightsMovement.許多人在民權(quán)運動中所作出的犧牲。(p.43Reading第一段倒數(shù)第4行)▲sacrifice
(1)n.[U]供奉，獻(xiàn)祭，祭祀thesacrificeofanoxtoJupiter.用牛祭祀朱庇特。
(2)[C]供品，祭品，犧牲Killasheepasasacrifice.宰羊用作祭品。
(3)[U]放棄某事物(通常是重要或有價值的東西)Gettingrichisntworththesacrificeofyourprinciples.為致富而犧牲原則是不值得的。Hebecameatopsports-manatsomesacrificetohimself.他付出了些代價才成為優(yōu)秀的運動員。
(4)[C]犧牲的事物Herparentsmademanysacrificessothatshecouldgotouniversity.她父母為她上大學(xué)在多方面作了犧牲。
(5)v.供奉，獻(xiàn)祭，犧牲某物Shesacrificedhercareertomarryhim.她為了嫁給他犧牲了自己的事業(yè)。Thecarsdesignershavesacrificedcomforttoeconomy.汽車設(shè)計人員為降低造價舍棄了汽車舒適方面的一些設(shè)想。ImnotsacrificingmydayoffjusttogoshoppingwithJane.我可不愿意犧牲一天休假日單單陪簡去買東西。
9.Thewoundsareslowtohealandthescarsrundeep.傷口很難愈合，傷疤很深。(p.43Reading第一段倒數(shù)第3行)
▲在作表語的形容詞后的不定式，如果不帶賓語，則與句子的主語往往有一種邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，如本句toheal邏輯上的賓語是句子的主語thewounds；若該不定式動詞是不及物動詞，則其后應(yīng)加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，與主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，請體會下列例句的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)。①Yourwritingisimpossibletoread.你的書法沒法認(rèn)。②Mycarishardtostartincoldweather.我的車天冷時很難發(fā)動。③Doyouthinkthewaterissafetodrink?你認(rèn)為這水喝起來安全嗎?④Thefoodisnotfittoeat.這食品不適合吃。
上述例句中，不定式動詞均為及物動詞，其邏輯賓語是句子的主語，若不定式動詞為不及物動詞，則需加一介詞。如：①Theroomiscomfortabletolivein.這房間住起來很舒服。②MrTurneriseasytogetalongwith.特納先生很容易相處。③Thebenchislongenoughtosleepon.這凳子很長，可以在上面睡覺。
▲run此處為連系動詞(常作連系動詞)，后接形容詞，意為“變得”(進(jìn)入或達(dá)到某一狀態(tài))。如:①Thefiverwasbeginningtorundry.河水開始干涸起來。②Theyhadtoreturntocampbecausetheirfoodsupplywasrunninglow.因為糧食不夠了，他們只好返回營地。③Youmustntletthechildrenrunwildanddoexactlywhattheylike.你不要讓孩子們毫無約束，愛干什么就干什么。④Pricesforfruitarerunninghighthisseason.這個季節(jié)的水果價格上漲了。⑤Asthefuelranshort,theplanewasforcedtoland.由于燃料快要用完，飛機被迫降落。
(1)負(fù)責(zé)(某事物)，經(jīng)營，管理Hehasnoideaofhowtorunasuccessfulbusiness.他不知道把企業(yè)辦好的辦法。Stoptryingtorunmylifeforme!我的生活不用你來管。
(2)(使某物)動轉(zhuǎn)，起作用。Yournewcarseemstorunverynicely.你的新車開起來不錯。
(3)(指公共汽車等)(沿一固定路線)往來行駛。BusestoOxfordruneveryhalfanhour.去牛津的公共汽車每半個小時一班。ThetrainsdontrunonChristmasDay.圣誕節(jié)火車停駛。
(4)run還有“內(nèi)容為……”之意。如：①Hereceivedanotewhichranasfollows.他收到一個條子，內(nèi)容如下。②Thestoryrunslikethis.故事大致內(nèi)容如下。③Thisishowthesongruns.這首歌曲是這樣唱的。
10.Eventoday,theSouthisfarbehindtherestoftheUnitedStatesinareassuchaseducationandeconomicdevelopment.甚至到今天，南部在教育和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方面都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于美國其他州。(p.43Reading第一段倒數(shù)第2行)▲behindprep.
(1)在或向(某人，物)后面WhoisthegirlstandingbehindRichard?站在理查德后面的那個姑娘是誰?Sheglancedbehindher.她向身后瞥了一眼。Theaccidentisbehindyounow.事情已過去了，別再想它了。
(2)落后于……BritainisbehindJapanindevelopingmoderntechnology.在發(fā)展現(xiàn)代技術(shù)方面英國落后于日本。
(3)支持(人，物)，贊成Myfamilyisrightbehindmeinmyambitiontobecomeadoctor.我的家人對于我立志從醫(yī)很贊同。
11.Therearesignsthatanew,differentsouthiscomingoutofitsdarkpast.有跡象表明，從黑暗的過去中將誕生出一個嶄新的，完全不同的南方。(p.43Reading第二段第2行)
▲comeoutof意為“有……的結(jié)果”。如：①Nothingcameoutofthistalk.這次會議沒有產(chǎn)生任何結(jié)果。②Well,whatcameoutofyourcarefulplanning?喂，你那樣精心籌劃的結(jié)果怎樣?③Noonecansaywhatwillcomeoutofthediscussion.誰也說不上討論會有什么結(jié)果。
comeout后接不同的介詞表示不同的意思。如comeoutwith意為“說出來”“講出”“發(fā)表”。如：①Ifyouhaveanythinginyourmind,Iwantyoutocomeoutwithit.你要是有什么想法，我希望你說出來。②Hecameoutwithsomefunnyideas.他提出了一些可笑的想法。③Thatyeartheycameoutwithanotherarticle.那一年他們又發(fā)表了一篇文章。
comeout意為“出版…出來”。如：①Themagazinecomesoutonceamonth.這本雜志每月出一期。②Thetruthhascomeoutatlast.真相終于大白。
comeout還有“開花”“褪色”“罷工”等意思，要根據(jù)句意來推測其確切的意思。如：①Ithinktheroseswillcomeoutnextweek.我想玫瑰下星期要開了。②Willthecolorcomeoutiftheclothiswashed?這布洗了會褪色嗎?③Thedockershavecomeoutonstrike.碼頭工人罷工了。④Howdidthefilmcomeout?這片子拍得怎樣?
12.AtlantawasburntdownintheCivilWar.亞特蘭大在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中被燒毀。(p.43Reading第二段第4行)
▲burndown意為“燒掉”“焚毀”，既可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞。如：①Theschoolbuildingwasburneddowninthatbigfire.在那場大火中，學(xué)校大樓被燒毀。②Thewholevillagewasburneddownbvtheenemy.整個村莊都被敵人燒毀了。③Thewoodshedburntdowninhalfanhour.小木屋半個小時就燒毀了。
burndown所指的“燒毀”多是指將高大的物體燒毀，燒塌，而burnup也有“燒掉”“燒毀”之意，其范圍比burndown要廣，既可指建筑物被燒毀，也可指其他的東西被燒毀，燒掉。如：①Allhisbookswereburntupinthefire.他所有的書都在這場火災(zāi)中被焚。②Thefireburntupmolethan￡500000worthofantiques.這次大火燒毀了價值五十萬的古董。③Thehouseburnedupbeforethefiremengotthere.還沒等消防人員來到，那房子就燒毀了。
請注意burndown。burnupburning與burnout的區(qū)別，后者意為“燒完”“燒壞”“燒盡”。如：①Thefireburnedoutforlackoffuel.由于沒有燃料，火滅掉了。②Herenthusiasmseemstohaveburnedout.她的熱情似乎已耗盡了。③Thepoetsabilityburntitselfoutbeforehewasthirty.詩人的才能還不到三十歲就枯竭了。
burnout也可表示將建筑物或其他物體燒掉。如：Thebuildingwasburnedoutandonlywallsremained.大樓被焚毀，只剩下殘壁。
13.AtlantaquicklyrecoveredfromthedestructioncausedbytheCivilWar.亞特蘭大很快從戰(zhàn)爭的破壞中恢復(fù)過來。(p.43Reading第三段第1行)
▲recover在本課中作不及物動詞用，通常與from連用，意為“從……中恢復(fù)”；作及物動詞用時，意為“恢復(fù)”，通常與from連用，意為“從……中恢復(fù)”。如：①Ahealthychildquicklyrecoversfromafever.健康的孩子發(fā)了燒很快就會好。②Theathletesoonrecoveredhisbreathafterthefinaldash.這位運動員在沖刺之后很快就呼吸正常了。③Shehadnotyetrecoveredfromtheshock.她還沒有完全從驚嚇中恢復(fù)過來。④Dontgobacktoworkuntilyouhavefullyrecovered.等你痊愈了，再去上班。
recover與反身代詞連用時意為“鎮(zhèn)定下來”“恢復(fù)原樣”。如:①Shesoonrecoveredherselfandstoppedcrying.不一會兒，她冷靜下來，不再哭了。②Theskaterstumbledbutatoncerecoveredhimself.滑冰的人絆了一下，但立即恢復(fù)了平衡。③Shemadeagreatefforttorecoverherself.她極力使自己鎮(zhèn)定下來。
recover“恢復(fù)(能力，健康等)”Imslowlyrecoveringmystrengthafteraflu.流感以后我身體慢慢恢復(fù)。Sherecoveredherconsciousness.她已恢復(fù)了知覺。
recover還有“重新找到”“找回(被盜，遺失之物)重新獲得某事物”“收復(fù)(回)”之意。如:①Recentlyaman-madesatellitewesentuphasbeenrecovered.最近我們發(fā)射的一顆人造衛(wèi)星已返回地面。②Thepolicehelpedthemtorecovertheirstolenjewellery.警察幫助他們把被竊的珠寶找回來了。③Theboyrecoveredhisfootballfromtheneighbourslawn.男孩從鄰居的草坪上找回了自己的足球。
重新控制(自己，行為，情緒)Sherecoveredherselfandsmiled.她恢復(fù)了常態(tài)笑了笑。Themurdererneverrecoveredhispeaceofmind.這個殺手心里從沒有平靜過。
重新獲得(金錢，時間，地位)Theysoughttorecoverdamagesfromthefirm.他們設(shè)法向那家公司索取賠償金。
14.Despitethehardshipsofthepost–waryearsandtheGreatDepression,…不管戰(zhàn)后年代和大蕭條時期有多么艱難，…(p.43Reading第三段倒數(shù)第2行)
★介詞despite的用法
▲despite意為“不管”“任憑”，相當(dāng)于inspiteof，后接名詞、代詞或動詞，但語氣比后者輕，不如后者常用。如:①Hewentoutdespitebadweather.他不管天氣惡劣出發(fā)了。②Despitethefogswewentoutforawalk.盡管有霧，我們還是外出散步。③Despitemyself,Harrysremarkshadcausedmetostopandreflect.盡管不是我的本意，哈里的話使得我停下來想了想。④Despitewaitingtoseehimagain,sherefusedtoreplytohisletter.盡管很想再見到他，她卻拒不答復(fù)他的來信。
despite后可接what引導(dǎo)的從句。如:①Despitewhatshesays,Illgo.不管她怎么說，我也要去。②Iwouldsupporthimdespitewhathedid.不管他做什么，我都支持他。
despite=inspiteof,故不能再與of連用;inspiteof/despite+名詞=although+從句
(a)Theplanetookoffinspiteofthebadweather.(=althoughtheweatherwasbad)
(b)Theplanewilltakeoffregardlessoftheweather.(=nomatterwhethertheweatherisgoodorbad)
inspiteof=despite;regardlessof=withoutconsideringortakingnoticeof
15.…butwheresegregationtookawaymanyoftheirrights.但是種族隔離制度剝奪了他們的許多權(quán)利。(p.44Reading第二段第3行)
▲takeaway
(1)在餐館買(帶回家)，帶走Twochickencurriesandricetotakeaway.勞駕，要兩份外賣的咖喱雞飯。
(2)(使心情等)消失Thedoctorhasgivenhersometabletstotakeawaythepain.醫(yī)生給了他些止疼藥。Anxietyhastakenawayhisappetite.他愁得吃不下飯。
(3)(從某處)移去，移開(某事或某物)Whattakesyouawaysoearly?你為什么這么早就走?
拓展：takeapart拆開;takeback收回(諾言，話語);takedown拿下來，記下來;takein接受；理解；欺騙;takeoff脫下;takeon接受，從事(工作)；雇傭;takeout取出，拿出;takeover接管;takeup開始學(xué)習(xí)(從事活動)
16.TheinjusticeofthecityandoftheSouthledDrKingtoorganizenon-violentdemonstrationsaimedatendingsegregation.這座城市以及整個南方的不公正導(dǎo)致金博士組織非暴力的示威運動，目的是結(jié)束隔離制度。(p.44Reading第二段第3–4行)
▲leadto和leadsb.todosth.的區(qū)別：前者是“通向”“引起”，to為介詞。后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，而后者的to是不定式的符號，是不定式作賓語補足語，意為“使得……做某事”。如:①"Wheredoesthisroadlead?""Itleadstotherailwaystation."“這條路通到哪里?”“通向火車站。”②Thesepassagesleadtotheroomsinside.這些走廊通向里面的房間。③Blindlycopyingothersmightleadtolosses.盲目照搬別人的經(jīng)驗可能導(dǎo)致?lián)p失。④Allthishasledtorapidprogressinindustryinthearea.所有這些使這個地區(qū)的工業(yè)迅速發(fā)展。⑤Thatledmetothinkthattheboywasill.那使我想到孩子是病了。⑥Hisanswerledmetomakefurtherinquiries.他的回答促使我進(jìn)一步調(diào)查。⑦Hisamazingintelligenceledhimtomakemanydiscoveries.他驚人的智力使他有很多發(fā)現(xiàn)。
▲aimat意為“目的是”“為的是”。①Idontunderstandhisbehavior.Whatsheaimingat?我不理解他的行為，他意圖何在?②Thefactorymustaimatincreasingproduction.工廠必須致力于增加產(chǎn)量。③Heaimsatperfectionineverythinghedoes.他做每一件事都力求做得盡善盡美。
也可以說aimtodosth.即在aim后用不定式表示目的。如：①HeaimstogaintheNobelPrize.他的目標(biāo)是得到諾貝爾獎金。②Weaimtoproducesuperiorgoods,notlargequantities.我們的目標(biāo)是生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品，而不是追求數(shù)量。③Thehunteraimedatthelionandfired,butmissedhim.獵人對著獅子開了槍，但未擊中。④Thestudentspickedupstonesandaimedthematthepolicemen.學(xué)生們撿起一些石頭，沖著警察投去。⑤Insayingthis,Imnotaimingatyou.我這話不是針對你說的。⑥Hisspeechwasnotonlyaimedattheolderboys.他的話不光是說給那些年齡較大的男孩子聽的。⑦Weallrealizedwhothatremarkwasaimedat.我們心里都明白那句話是沖誰說的。
aimat作“針對”解釋時，如主語是人，多用主動語態(tài)，如主語是人所說的話，所作的評論等，則常用beaimedat，見上述例句⑤⑥⑦。
17.Thecitysawaseriesoffiercefightsbetweenblacksandwhites.這個城市目睹了黑人和白人之間一連串的沖突。(p.44Reading第二段第4行)
▲本句是用擬人化的手法賦予無生命的主語以人的動作，以增加句子的表現(xiàn)力，類似的句子有:①Theyear1949sawthefoundingofthePeoplesRepublicofChina.一九四九年見證了中華人民共和國的誕生。②Hisunselfishworkisbeginningtotell.他無私的工作開始產(chǎn)生效果。③Hernervousnessbegantotellassoonassheenteredtheroom.她一進(jìn)房間就表現(xiàn)出緊張不安。④Mywatchsaysitisninealready.我的表顯示已經(jīng)九點了。
▲series意為“連續(xù)”“系列”，單復(fù)數(shù)相同，常用aseriesof表示“系列”。如:①Theycarriedoutaseriesofexpe-rimenttotestthenewdrug.他們進(jìn)行了一系列試驗試新藥。②Theregionhassufferedfromaseriesofnaturaldisasters.該地區(qū)遭受了一連串的自然災(zāi)害。③ShewasinvitedtogiveaseriesoflecturesonAmericanpolitics.她被邀請就美國政治作系列講座。④Therehasbeenaseriesofearaccidentsatthecrossing.在那個交叉路口已經(jīng)發(fā)生了一連串的車禍。
aseriesof...之后要用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，但通常整個謂語用單數(shù)。AseriesofbookshasbeentranslatedintoEnglish一系列書被譯成了英文。
18.…andmillionsofAmericanswatchedaspeoplemarchedthroughAtlantainhonourofDrKing.千百萬美國人觀看了人們?yōu)榈磕罱鸩┦慷┻^亞特蘭大的游行。(p.44Reading第二段倒數(shù)第3行)
▲inhonourof意思是“為向……表示敬意”“為紀(jì)念(慶祝)”也可以說insb.shonour。如:①Amemorialwasbuiltinhonourofthosewhodiedforthecountry.為紀(jì)念為國捐軀者建了一座紀(jì)念碑。②AholidaywasdeclaredinhonourofthePresidentsvisit.為慶?？偨y(tǒng)到來特宣布放假一日。③MrMandelawillattendanoutdoorconcertinhishonourinthecentreofParis.尊敬的曼德拉先生將出席在巴黎中心舉辦的一場露天音樂會。④Thecere-monyWasheldinhonouroftheQueensbirthday.這慶典是為慶祝女王的生日而舉行的。⑤Amemorialmeetingwasheldinhishonour.舉行了一個紀(jì)念他的集會。
有關(guān)honour的用法我們學(xué)過的還有havethehonourofdoingsth.或itisoneshonourtodosth.意為“樂于做某事”或“有幸做某事”，dohonourto或dosb.honour意思是“用……來慶?！被颉笆鼓橙嗽鎏砉鈽s”。如:①Itsagreathonourtomeetyou.認(rèn)識你三生有幸。②HeisoneofthemostinterestingpeopleIhavethehonourofmeeting.他是我有幸認(rèn)識的最有趣的人之一。③Herbehaviorinsuchadifficultsituationdoesherhonour.她在逆境中的表現(xiàn)給自己增添了光榮。④Theydressedtheirshipswithflagstodohonourtotheoccasions.他們用旗幟把船只裝飾起來慶祝這重要的日子。
19.DrKingseffortswerenotinvain.金博士的努力沒有白費。(p.44Reading第二段倒數(shù)第3行)
▲invain意為“徒勞”“無效”“枉費心機”。如:①Itbecameobviousthatallhercomplaintswereinvain.很顯然她的所有投訴都是徒勞的。②Thepolicetriedinvaintobreakuptheprotestcrowds.警察企圖驅(qū)散抗議的人群，但沒有成功。③Hewantstheworldtoknowhissondidnotdieinvain.他想讓全世界的人都知道他的兒子沒有白死。
vainadj.
(1)對自己(的才干等)自視過高的，自負(fù)的Sheisavaingirl.她是位虛榮的女孩。Heisalwaysvainofhisappearance.他對自己的容貌總很自負(fù)。
(2)無價值的，無意義的Itisvaintotrytosavehim試圖救他是徒然的。
(3)無結(jié)果的，徒然；無效果的，無用的Tryinvaintosleep.怎么也睡不著。Thepolicetriedinvaintobreakuptheprotestcrowds.警察企圖驅(qū)散抗議的人群，但沒有成功。Allourworkwasinvain.我們所有的工作都白費了。
vain常見的詞組還有：inavainattempt/efforttodosth.妄圖做……但未成功，inthevainhopethat未能如愿。如:①Iwassinginginavainefforttocheerhimup.我本想唱支歌使他高興起來，但未能如愿。②Thecrazyfootballfanswereinavainattempttomaketroubleduringthematch.瘋狂的球迷們妄圖在比賽期間搗亂，但沒有成功。③Hemarriedhisfourthwife,Susan,inthevainhopethatshewouldimprovehishealth.他跟他的第四個妻子蘇珊結(jié)了婚。，希望她能改善他的健康，但沒有如愿。
20.DuringtheOlympics,theeyesoftheworldwereonAtlanta.在奧運會期間，全世界的目光都集中在亞特蘭大。(p.44Reading第三段第3行)
▲介詞on在此處作“(視，盯)在……(目標(biāo))上”解釋。如:①Alleniseating,hereyesonherfood.埃倫吃東西時兩眼盯著食物。②Jimcamein,hiseyeswerefixedonDellaasifhedidntknowher.吉姆走了進(jìn)來，他的眼睛盯住了黛拉好像不認(rèn)識她似的。③Hefixedhiseyesonsomethingmovingonthewall.他一直盯著在墻上蠕動的東西。
請注意on的幾種常見用法
1.on表示“關(guān)于(某個題目)”“在(某個問題)上”。如：①Writeatermpaper0nShakespeare.寫一篇關(guān)于莎士比亞的學(xué)期論文。②Idifferfromyouonthatpoint.在這一點上我和你看法不同。③Heisabsorbedinhisworkonbacteria.他專心進(jìn)行他關(guān)于細(xì)菌的工作。
2.on用于引申意義，表示“在……身上”“在心上”等。如:①Mymindisstillontheresearch.我的心思仍然在這項研究上。②Haveyougotanymoneyonyou?你身上帶錢了嗎?③Isawitontelevision.我是在電視上看到的。
3.表示“在......時”后跟動名詞或名詞，表示一個動作緊接著另一個動作。如:①Onreachingthecity，hecalledupMary.一到城里，他就給瑪麗打電話。②Theboysstoodupontheentranceoftheheadmaster.校長進(jìn)來時男孩子們都站了起來。③OhhisreturnfromEurope,hesettoworkagain.他一從歐洲回來，就投入了工作。
4.表示原因，意為“根據(jù)”“由于”“在……下”。如:①Hediditontheinstructionofthemanager.他是根據(jù)經(jīng)理的指示這樣做的。②Icameonyourinvitation.我是在你的邀請下來的。
4.表示目的。如:①ShehadcomeonavisittoEngland.她來訪問英國。②TheTurnershadbeenawayonalongtrip.特納一家離開去長途旅行了。
5.表示“靠……生活”“以……為主食”。如:①Theprisonerscouldnotexistonbreadandwater.囚犯也不能單靠面包和水生活。②Theylivedmostlyonvegetablesfromtheirgarden.他們主要靠園子里的蔬菜生活。
21.…butthepeopletherearedeterminedtomakeanewbeginning.但是那兒的人民決心從頭開始。(p.44Reading最后一段第2行)
★動詞determine的常見用法
▲determine意為“決定”“決心”，后面常跟不定式或從句。如:①Theydeterminedtostaytheretilltheyearwasup.他們決定在那兒一直待到年底。②Theexplorerdeterminedtosetouttilenextdayinspiteofthestorm.探險者決定不顧風(fēng)暴次日出發(fā)。③Haveyoudeterminedwhereyouaregoingtospendtheholidays?你決定去度假的地方了嗎?④Nobodydeterminedwhatistobedone.沒有人決定下一步怎么辦。
determine作上述解釋時，可以跟on引導(dǎo)的短語。如:①Theydeterminedonanearlystart.他們決定早動身。②Hehasdeterminedongoingtomorrow.他已決定明天去。
上述例句⑤⑥相當(dāng)于determine后接不定式。
▲determine常用作過去分詞作表語，意為“有決定”“下定決心”，后接不定式或從句，如本課正是此用法。如:①Shewasdeterminednotfollowhisadvice.她決定不按他的勸告辦。②Hewasdeterminedthatnooneshouldknowanythingaboutit.他決定不讓任何人知道這事。③Theyweredeterminedtofightfortheirnationsindependenceandfreedomtotheend.他們決心為國家的獨立和自由斗爭到底。④Hewasdeterminedthathissonshouldhaveagoodeducation.他決定要讓他的兒子接受良好的教育。
▲determine有“使決定”“使下決心”之意，后接不定式作賓補。如:①Whatdeterminedyoutoaccepttheoffer?
什么原因使你接受這項提議?②Hisadvicedeter-minedmetodelaynomore.他的忠告使我決定不再拖延。③Youranswerdeterminedmetodoso.你的答復(fù)使我決定這樣做。
▲determine亦可作“確定”“限定”“算出”解釋。如:①Thesizeofyourfeetdeterminesthesizeofyourshoes.腳的大小決定鞋子的尺碼。②Theydeterminedthedateforourparty.他們確定了我們聚會的日期。③Thepositionoftheearthinrelationtothesundeterminestheseasons.地球與太陽之間的相對位置決定一年四季的變化。
22.In1996,AtlantahostedtheOlympicGames.一九九六年，亞特蘭大舉辦了奧運會。(p.44Post-ReadingE)
▲此處host作動詞用，意為“主辦”“作……的主人”“接待”。如:①Birminghamishostingthisyearstradefair.伯明翰將主辦今年的交易會。②WhichcountryisgoingtohostthenextWorldCup?下屆世界杯由哪一個國家主辦?③Thegroupwashostedbytheambassador.這一群人受到了大使的款待。
host還有“作……的節(jié)目主持人”之意，一般用于非正式場合。如:①Shesnowhostingherownshow.她正主持自己的節(jié)目。②MrSmithhasbeenhostingtheshowfortwoyears.史密斯先生主持該節(jié)目有兩年了。
host作名詞用時有“主人”“東道主”“主辦(單位、國家)”之意。如:①Apartfrommyhost,Ididntknowasinglepersonthere.除了主人外我誰都不認(rèn)識。②Barcelonawaschosentobethehostofthe1992OlympicGames.巴塞羅納被選為一九九二年奧運會東道主城市。③Thehostteamandtheguestteamwoneachofthegames,sotheywereevenwitheachother.主隊和客隊各贏一場，現(xiàn)在他們兩隊打平了。
host作名詞時是指男主人，女主人用hostess，但hostess不能作動詞用。如:Myhostessgreetedmewithunexpectedwarmth.我的女主人出乎意料地?zé)崆闅g迎我。
Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica知識點總復(fù)習(xí)教案
高二英語Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica知識點總復(fù)習(xí)教案
SectionIII詞匯、語法、綜合技能
23.TheNativeAmericanslivedbygatheringroots,…美洲土族民族以采集根莖…為生。(p.47IntegratingSkillsReading第一段第2行)
*gatherv.
(1)聚集，集合，召集Acrowdsoongathered.很快聚集起一群人。Gatherroundandlisten,children!孩子們，圍過來聽我說。
(2)收集，收擾(分散的東西)Givemeamomenttogathermynotestogether.給我些時間整理一下筆記。Shegatheredupherscattedbelongsandleft.她把自己的散亂物品收好就走了。
(3)搜集，采集(水果等)Thesmallboygatheredmushroomsinthefields.小男孩在田中采集蘑菇。
(4)收割，收獲Theharvesthasbeensafelygatheredin.莊稼已妥善收獲完畢。
(5)增加(某事物)Thedarknessisgathering.夜色漸濃。Thecargatheredspeed.汽車速度逐漸加快了。
辨析：gather與collect
這兩個詞都有“聚集”的意思，gather是普通用語，指“集中起來”，既指具體的人和物，也可指抽象的印象、思維、力氣等。collect是“收集，聚集”之意，指有計劃，有選擇的收集，強調(diào)日積月累的過程，有時和gather通用。Heisgatheringinformation.他在收集信息。Thecloudsaregathering。anditwouldprobablyrain.云在聚集，也許要下雨。Thepatientisgatheringstrength.病人正在恢復(fù)體力。Doyoucollectstamps?你集郵嗎?Hisworkistocollectinformation.他的工作是收集資料。
聯(lián)想：altogetheradv.完全，總共;togetheradv.在一起，共同;gatheringn.采集，集合
24.Theyhuntedbison,atypeofwildanimalswhichusedtoexistinhugenumbersontheplainsofAmerica.土族民族狩獵野牛，這是一種曾經(jīng)在美洲平原上大量存在過的一種野生動物。(p.47第二段第1行)
★type和kind
▲(a)typeof作“種類”“類型”解釋時，后接單數(shù)名詞，不用復(fù)數(shù)名詞，該名詞前不加任何限定詞。例如我們可以說adifferenttypeofbicycle，但不可說adifferenttypeofabicycle(或bicycles)如:①Whattypeofplanisthis?這是一種什么計劃?②Theengineerdesignedanewtypeofplane.這位工程師設(shè)計了一種新型飛機。
但type作“典范”解釋時，其后的名詞可以被限定詞所修飾。①AbrahamLincolnwasafinetypeoftheAmericanpatriotism.阿巴拉罕林肯是美國愛國史上的典范。②LiuHulanwasafinetypeoftherevolutionaryhere.劉胡蘭是革命英雄人物的典范。③Johnisafinetypeofschoolboy.約翰是學(xué)生的典范。
types后面的名詞可用復(fù)數(shù)，也可用單數(shù)，但作主語時相應(yīng)的謂語動詞一律用復(fù)數(shù)，與types保持一致。如:Severalnewtypesofcomputer(s)areonshow.幾種新型的計算機正在展出。
上述type的用法，亦適用于kind，即akindof后面的名詞通常是單數(shù)，且該名詞前不用冠詞或其他限定詞，如acertainkindofrose等,請看下列例句:①Whatkindofanimalisit?這是一種什么動物?②IsthiskindofTVsetmadeinShanghai?這種電視機是上海制造的嗎?
kinds后的名詞既可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)，但其作主語時，其后的謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，與kinds保持一致。如:①Thesekindsofrose(s)arebeautifultolookat.這幾種玫瑰很好看。②Therearedifferentkindsofbirdsinthewoodsandtheysingbeautifully.林子里有各種各樣的鳥，它們唱著悅耳動聽的歌。
akindof意為“某種”或“一種不甚明確的”。如:①Thedancesofthebeesareakindoflanguage.蜜蜂的舞蹈是一種語言。②Ihadakindofsuspicionthathewascheating.我有點懷疑他在欺騙。
kindof常用在口語中，作狀語修飾動詞，意為“有點”“有幾分”。①Ikindofthoughthewouldcome.我似乎感到他會來的。②Ikindofthoughtthiswouldhappen.
我似乎預(yù)感到此事會發(fā)生。
25.…whiletheirfurprovidedwarmclothingduringcoldwinters.冬天取其皮毛御寒。(p.47第二段第5行)
★動詞provide的用法
▲provide意為“提供”“供給”，在providesb.后常接with介詞短語，表示所提供的事物。在providesth.后常接forsb.，表示向誰提供。如:①Thisbookwillprovideyouwiththeinformationyouneed.這本書會向你提供你所需要的信息。②Foodanddrinkwereprovidedforallofthem.向他們?nèi)w提供了食物和飲料。③Thathotelprovidesgoodmeals.那家旅館伙食很好。④Theseriversprovidewaterflorirrigation.這些河流提供了灌溉用水。
provide亦可作“預(yù)防”“作好準(zhǔn)備”“提供生計”解釋，常與against或for連用。如:①Wehavetoprovideagainstaccidents.我們必須做好應(yīng)付事故的準(zhǔn)備。②Theyhadtoprovidefortheiroldage.他們得積攢點錢以備在老年時用。③Wewillseethatautheoldfolksareprovidedforfromnowon.從現(xiàn)在起，我們要做到老有所養(yǎng)。④Hehasalargefamilytoprovidefor.他需贍養(yǎng)一大家子人。
provide還有“規(guī)定”之意。如:Theyenjoyalltherightsprovidedintheconstitution.他們享有憲法所規(guī)定的一切權(quán)利。
provide的過去分詞可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，從句中的謂語動詞用一般時態(tài)，而不用將來時。如:①Youmaykeepthebookanotherweekprovidedthatnooneelserequiresit.只要沒有別人要這本書，你還可再借一個星期。②Providedthatnoobjectionisraised,weshallholdthemeetinghere.如果沒有人反對，我們就在這里開會了。
providedthat中的that有時可省略。如:Heshouldbehomesoonprovidedthebuseshaventbeenheldup.只要汽車沒誤點，他應(yīng)該就要到家了。
26.Fromabout1830onwardsintheUSA,...在美國從大約一八三O年起。(p.47第三段第1行)
▲onwards與on同義，后綴-wards常用來構(gòu)成副詞，表示方向，如:eastwards，westwards，southwards，northwards，forwards，backwards，upwards，downwards等。①Fromnowon,wellstudyharderthanbefore.從現(xiàn)在起，我們要比以前更努力地學(xué)習(xí)。②Theywentonsailingeastwards,untiltheysawtheland.他們不斷地向東航行，終于看到了陸地。③From1990onwards,theseasidetownbegantotakeonanewlook.從一九九O年起，這個海濱小城開始展現(xiàn)新的面貌。④From1993onwards,theytriedagainandagaintogoacrossthedesertonfoot.從一九九三年起，他們多次努力要徒步穿過沙漠。⑤Getback!StepforwardandIllfire.回去!再向前的話我就開槍了。
27.SettlersmadeagreementswithnativeAmericanchiefs.移民者和土著人頭領(lǐng)達(dá)成協(xié)議。(p.47第三段第5行)
▲agreement此處作可數(shù)名詞，意為“協(xié)議”，常與arrive，reach，keep，break，make，sign等動詞連用。如:①Thetwocountriessignedanagreementonnuclearweapons.兩國簽訂了一項關(guān)于核武器的協(xié)議。②Imsorryyoucouldntarriveatanagreement.很遺憾你們不能達(dá)成協(xié)議。③Manyagreementshavebeenmadebetweenthetwocountries.兩國之間簽訂了很多協(xié)議。
agreement可以后接不定式或從句表示agreement的內(nèi)容作定語①Wereachedanagreementwiththemtocooperatefullyatalltime.我們與他們達(dá)成在任何情況下都合作的協(xié)議。②Thenegotiatorscametoanagreementthatalltroopswouldbewithdrawn.談判者達(dá)成協(xié)議，撤出所有部隊。
agreement可用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“意見(或目的等)”“一致”“同意”。如:①Thetwosidesfailedtoreachagreement.雙方未能達(dá)成共識。②Weareinagreementwiththeirdecision.我們同意他們的決定。③Weareinfullagreementwiththemonallpoints.在所有方面我們和他們看法完全一致。④Thereslittleagreementastowhatourpoliciesshouldbe.關(guān)于我們該采取什么政策，意見很不一致。⑤Wehavetogettheiragreementbeforewegoaheadwiththeplan.在進(jìn)行這項計劃之前，我們必須得到他們的同意。
28.Whileearlysettlershadkilledbisonforfood,…早期的移民宰殺野牛是為了充饑…(p.47IntegratingSkillsReading第四段第2行)
*whileconj.在……的同時，當(dāng)……的時候
(1)while與延續(xù)性動詞連用，而when既可與延續(xù)性動詞也可與終止性動詞連用。
(2)表示一個人的兩個動作交替或同時進(jìn)行時，多用as表示“一邊……，一邊……”；when很少用于這種情況。
(3)當(dāng)表示兩個同步發(fā)展的情況時，多用as而不用when或while。
(4)當(dāng)表示兩個短促行為或事件幾乎同時發(fā)生時，用as要多于用when。
(5)while用作并列連詞，連接一個并列句，意為“而，卻”，表示前后意義上的對比和轉(zhuǎn)折。
Whilehewasreading，hefellasleep.他在讀書的時候睡著了。Hecamewhilewewerehavingdinner.我們在吃晚飯時他來了。Whenhecame,wewerehavingsupper.他來時，我們正吃晚飯。(不能用while)When/WhileIwassleeping,athiefbrokein我睡覺時，小偷撬門而入。Helookedbehindfromtimetotimeashewent.他一邊走，一邊不時地向后看。Shedancesasshesings.她一邊唱歌，一邊跳舞。Astimewenton/by,shebecamemoreandmoreworried.隨著時間的推移，她變得越來越煩躁不安。Aschildrengetolder，theyaregettingmoreandmoreinterestedinthingsaboutthem.隨著孩子們年齡的增長，他們對周圍的事物越來越感興趣。Justashecaughttheflyingworm,hegavealoudcry.他剛抓住那只飛蟲，就大聲地叫了起來。Ithoughtofitjustasyouopenedyourmouth.我剛想起，你就開口說了出來。Somepeoplearerichwhileothersarepoor.有些人富，有些人窮。Iminterestedinsportswhilemybrotherisfondofmusic.我對體育很感興趣，而我的弟弟愛好音樂。
29.Theykilledthebison,cutofftheskinsandleftthebodiesbehindtorot.他們把野牛殺了，剝?nèi)ヅＦぃ瑨仐壥w，任其腐爛。(p.47IntegratingSkillsReading第四段第4行)
★leave...behind的兩種用法
▲leave...behind作“留下”解釋，是執(zhí)行者有意識的動作。如:①Themenhadallrunawayleavingonlyoldwomenandchildren.男人們都跑了，只留下年老的婦女和孩子。②Ishallleaveyoubehindifyouarenotquick.如果你不快點，我就把你丟在后面不管了。③Intheirwithdrawal，muchoftheheavyequipmenthadtobeleftbehind.他們在撤退時不得不留下許多笨重的東西。④Hiswifeleftbehindtwolittlegirls.他妻子死后留下兩個小女孩。⑤Youllhavetoputinsomeextraworkatnightifyoudontwanttogetleftbehind.如果你不想被別人超過，就必須利用晚上時間做更多的工作。
▲leavebehind還有“遺忘”“遺留”之意，為執(zhí)行者無意識的動作。如:①0h，dear!Thetravellingbaghasbeenleftbehind.唉呀!旅行袋忘了拿了。②Itleftbehindalongtrainofproblemsanddifficulties.這遺留下一連串問題和困難。③Ihaveleftmykeysbehindattheoffice.我把鑰匙忘在辦公室里了。
30.Withfewerbison,grassshootswerenoteaten,…因為野牛少了，嫩草沒有牛吃，…(p.47IntegratingSkillsReading最后一段第1行)▲with
(1)表原因Myhandwerebluewithcold.我的雙手凍得發(fā)紫。Thecaptainwasbeef-redwithanger.上尉氣得滿臉通紅。Theboytrembledwithfear.這男孩害怕得
發(fā)抖。
(2)(表示方式等)……地，……著，以……Youmusthandlethisparcelwithcare.這個包裹你須小心輕放。HespeaksEnglishwitheaseandfluency.她說英語不費力而且流利。Sheperformedtheoperationwithgreatskill.她極為熟練地給病人施行手術(shù)。
(3)(表示工具，手段等)用Didyouwritewithapenorpencil?你用鋼筆寫還是用鉛筆寫?It’sbesttodrawlineswitharuler.用尺子劃線最合適。
31.…whichasaresultbecamelessgoodforgrowingplants.這就越來越不適合植物的生長。(p.47最后一段第4行)
★asaresult和asaresultof
▲asaresult意為“因此”“所以”，后面的內(nèi)容表示結(jié)果，而asaresultof則意為“因為(由于)……”，of后面的內(nèi)容表示原因；請對照下列例句，辨析這兩個詞組之間的差別。①Mycarbrokedownandasaresult,Iwasunabletogetthere.我的車出了故障，因此我沒能到那里去。②Theflightwasdelayedasaresultoffog.因有霧，該航班誤點。③Wewentonwalkinginspiteoftherain,asaresult,weallgotabadcold.我們不顧下雨繼續(xù)往前走，結(jié)果都得了重感冒。④Hewaslateasaresultofthetrafficjam.由于交通阻塞，他遲到了。
asaresult后面常接一個分句，asaresultof常接名詞、代詞或動名詞。
32.…,andtheinsectswhichlivedontheseplantsdiedout.原來靠那些植物衛(wèi)生的昆蟲也都死了。(p.47最后一段第3行)
★dieout的含義
(1)(指家族,物種)死光,滅絕,絕跡Theseanimalshavealreadydiedout.這些動物已經(jīng)絕種。
(2)(指習(xí)俗，做法)消失，過時①Theoldtraditionsaredyingout.舊傳統(tǒng)正在消失。②Thatstyleofmusicdiedouttenyearsago.那種音樂十年前就聽不到了。
(3)作熄滅解，out為副詞。Thefirehasdiedout.火熄了。
拓展：dieaway消逝，平息，靜下來;diedown平息，熄滅;diefor迫切想要;diefrom由于……而死;dieoff一個個死掉，絕種
注意dieout與dieaway的區(qū)別，后者主要指風(fēng)、聲、光等自然現(xiàn)象逐漸停止、消失。如:①Thewindhasdiedawayagain.風(fēng)又停了。②Thesoundofthecardiedawayinthedistance.汽車的聲響在遠(yuǎn)處消逝。
dieout意為“消亡”“滅絕”，而dieoff則意為“(一個一個)地死亡”。如:①Theleavesofthisplantaredyingoff.這株植物的葉子正在一片一片地凋謝。②Thedeerintheforestaredyingofffromdisease.森林中的鹿正因疾病而陸續(xù)死亡。
33.Thisinturnhadaneffectonthefoodsupplyforwolves.這樣反過來又影響了狼的食物供應(yīng)。(p.47最后一段第2行)
▲inturn意為“依次”“逐個地”“轉(zhuǎn)而”“反過來”。如:①Theoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice.理論以實踐為基礎(chǔ)，反過來又為實踐服務(wù)。②Wellcrossthebridgeinturn.我們將挨個過橋。③Thestudentsansweredtheteachersquestionsinturn.學(xué)生們依次回答老師的問題。④Theboysweresummonedinturntoseetheexaminer.男孩們被依次叫進(jìn)去見考官。⑤Hespendstoomuchtimeonmaths,andthisinturnaffectstheprogressofhisothersubjects.他在數(shù)學(xué)上花的時間太多，這同時影響他的其他學(xué)科的進(jìn)步。
以上用法中的turn不能用作復(fù)數(shù)。
taketurnsat(或in)doingsth.意為“輪流做某事”，相當(dāng)于dosth.inturn。注意兩短語中名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。①MaryandHelentookturnsatsittingupwiththeirsickmother.瑪麗和海倫輪流熬夜陪伴她們生病的母親。②Theathletestookturnsinsingingsongsandrecitingpoems.運動員們一個接一個地唱歌和朗誦詩。
turn也可解釋為“短時間的活動”,相當(dāng)于ashortperiodofactivity,turn在這里作可數(shù)名詞用。如:①IlltakeafewhamsroundthedeckbeforeIgotobed.就寢之前我要在甲板上散一會兒步。②Illtakeaturnattheoarsnowifyouwantarest.如果你要休息，我來劃一會兒漿。
拓展：takeonesturn輪班(做某事);taketurns輪流(做某事);byturns輪流;ontheturn將好轉(zhuǎn)
高考英語備考單元知識搜索與探究歸納Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica
俗話說，凡事預(yù)則立，不預(yù)則廢。作為教師準(zhǔn)備好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠聽懂教師所講的內(nèi)容，幫助授課經(jīng)驗少的教師教學(xué)。怎么才能讓教案寫的更加全面呢？下面是小編幫大家編輯的《高考英語備考單元知識搜索與探究歸納Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica》，僅供參考，希望能為您提供參考！
2011高考英語備考單元知識搜索與探究歸納Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica
?自式復(fù)習(xí)板塊
知識搜索
A.單詞?
1.進(jìn)入許可；進(jìn)入；詞條(?n.?)________________
2.蕭條期;降低;沮喪(?n.?)________________
3.痛苦;折磨(?n.?)________________
4.失業(yè);失業(yè)人數(shù)(?n.?)________________
5.重建;重建物(?n.?)________________
6.市長(?n.?)________________
7.隔離;分離(?n.?)________________
8.不公平;非正義(?n.?)________________
9.葬禮(?n.?)________________
10.開端;黎明(?n.?)________________
11.鏈條;連鎖;一連串(?n.?)________________
12.心甘情愿的;愿意的(?adj.?)_______________
13.普遍的;分布廣的(?adj.?)_______________
14.財務(wù)的;金融的;財政的(?adj.?)_______________
15.經(jīng)濟的;節(jié)約的(?adj.?)_______________
16.以前的;(兩者中的)前者(?adj.?)_______________
17.腦力的;智力的;精神的(?adj.?)_______________
18.清楚的;明白的;平易的(?adj.?)_______________
19.戰(zhàn)勝;克服(?v.?)________________
20.腐爛;墮落(?v.?)________________
答案：1.entry 2.depression 3.suffering?4.unemployment 5.reconstruction ?6.mayor? 7.segregation 8.injustice ?9.funeral? 10.dawn 11.chain 12.willing 13.widespread 14.financial ?15.economical? 16.former 17.mental 18.plain 19.overcome 20.rot?
B.短語?
21.徒勞;白辛苦_______________
22.不打擾;不理會_______________
23.從破壞中恢復(fù)_____________________________
24.以結(jié)束隔離制度為目標(biāo)_____________________________
25.下定決心重新開始be___________________________________________
26.一系列的_____________________
27.以這些植物為主______________theseplants?
28.滅絕______________
29.為……騰出空間_____________________
30.達(dá)成協(xié)議______/_____________________
答案：21.invain 22.leavealone ?23.recover?fromthedestruction 24.aimatendingsegregation 25.determinedtomakeanewbeginning 26.aseriesof 27.liveon 28.dieout 29.makeroomfor 30.make/reachanagreement
C.句型?
31.—Whatdoesyoursisterlooklike?
—She_____________myMum.
32.—Haveyoumetthenewboss?What______?
—Oh,heisreallykind.Weareluckytohavesuchaboss.
答案：31.lookslike/islike 32.ishelike
D.語法?
33.我們的希望能實現(xiàn)嗎??
Isitpossibleforourhopes______________.
34.她是第一個被選為總統(tǒng)的婦女。?
Shewasthefirstwomanto________________.
35.老師要試卷馬上做好。?
Theteacherwantsthetestpapers____________atonce.
36.你有開這個門的鑰匙嗎？?
Haveyougotakey____________thedoor?
37.這本書很難理解。?
Thebookisdifficult__________.
答案：33.toberealized 34.havebeenelectedpresident 35.tobetyped 36.to?unlock? 37.tounderstand
?重難聚焦
重點單詞
要點1 resist
Hetriedtorunawayfromthepoliceandwaschargedwith_______arrest.?
A.protecting B.defending C.resisting D.enforcing?
解析:resistarrest拒捕。?
答案:C
歸納與遷移?
(1）(武力）抵抗，對抗?
Hecouldresisttheattacknolonger.?
他再也抵抗不住進(jìn)攻了。?
(2）抗拒(計劃、主張等）?
Resistthecallforreform.?
抗拒實行改革的號召。?
(3）耐，抗?
resistheat/damp耐熱/防潮?
(4）不屈從，經(jīng)得住?
Shecouldhardlyresistlaughing.?
她真忍不住要笑。?
Ican’tresistbakedapples.?
我頂不住烤蘋果的誘惑。
??要點2 recover
InafewdaysMrBarnstaplehad______strengthofbodyandmind.?
A.recoveredB.returned?
C.curedD.rejuvenated?
解析:recover恢復(fù)。?
答案:A
歸納與遷移?
(1）恢復(fù)健康；痊愈?
Graduallysherecoveredherhealth.?
她逐漸恢復(fù)了健康。?
It’sgoingtobesometimebeforeIrecovermyfullstrength.?
還要一些時間我才能完全恢復(fù)體力。?
(2)berecovered痊愈了，恢復(fù)了(健康）?
Hewasstillnotfullyrecoveredandhismemorywaspoor.?
這時他還沒有痊愈，記憶力很差。?
Shewasquiterecoveredbysupperandthemealwascheerful.?
到吃晚飯時，她情緒已經(jīng)很好了，飯吃得很香。?
(3)recoverfrom從……中復(fù)原?
Hehasjustrecoveredfromasevereillness.?
他害了一場大病，剛剛?cè)?
(4)recoveroneself鎮(zhèn)靜下來，恢復(fù)原樣?
Shesoonrecoveredherselfandstoppedcrying.?
她很快冷靜下來，不再哭了。
重點短語
要點1 putout
Lastyearthefactory______oversixmillionrecords.?
A.putforwardB.putdown?
C.putoutD.putthrough?
解析:purforward“提出計劃等”；putdown“放下，寫下”；putout“生產(chǎn)”；putthrough“使經(jīng)受”，根據(jù)句意“生產(chǎn)超過600萬的記錄”，選C。?
答案:C
歸納與遷移?
(1)發(fā)布；出版；廣播?
Theydecidedtoputoutabookthatwouldcontainallkindsofworldrecords.?
他們決定出版一本書，書中包含各種世界記錄。?
(2)(植物）生長出(葉、芽等）?
Thetreesarebeginningtoputoutshoots.?
樹木正在發(fā)芽。?
(3)生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)生?
Theplantputsout400newcarsaweek.?
該廠每周生產(chǎn)400輛新車。?
(4）撲滅?
Firemenputoutthefire.?
消防員把火撲滅了。?
(5)關(guān)掉?
Pleaseputoutthelightbeforeyougotobed.?
上床之前請把燈關(guān)掉。
?要點2 takeachance
(2010全國Ⅲ，10)Wehadn’tplannedtomeet.Wemet______chance.?
A.ofB.in
C.forD.by?
解析:bychance偶然地；意外地。?
答案:D
歸納與遷移?
(1）takeachance(on)sth.試圖做成某事；冒險；碰運氣?
Thisroadmaynotbetheonewewant,butwehavetotakeachance.?
我們要走的可能并不是這條路，但是我們不得不試一下。?
Thechainsmightbreakbutthat’sachanceI’llhavetotake.?
鏈條也許會斷，但我不得不冒這個險。?
(2）chance作名詞還有其他重要意思：?
機會，運氣?
Ihaven’thadachancetoreadmyletter.?
我還沒有機會看我的信呢。?
Isthereanychanceoftheteamwinningthisweek?
這個隊本星期有無獲勝的機會？?
可能性?
ThereisachancethatIwillseehimthesedays.?
這幾天我有可能見到他。?
(3）相關(guān)短語?
byanychance可能；或許?
bychance偶然地；意外地?
thechanceare(that)...很可能……?
(4)chance作動詞表偶然發(fā)生；碰巧；冒險?
Itchancedthatthetrainwaslatethatday.?
那天偶然火車晚點。?
Youshouldn’tchanceallyourmoneyatonce.?
你不應(yīng)該一下子拿所有的錢去碰運氣。
必背句型
要點1 insiston...堅持……
（2010江蘇，25）Themaninsisted_______ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.?
A.findB.tofind
C.onfindingD.infinding?
解析:insistonsth./doingsth.堅持做某事。?
答案:C
歸納與遷移?
(1）insistonsth./doingsth.堅持；堅決主張；固執(zhí)地聲稱??
Weinsistonself-reliance.?
我們堅持自力更生。?
Iinsistedonyourbeingthere.?
我堅持要你在那里。?
Heinsistedongivingmeasecondhelping.?
他堅持再給我一次幫助。?
(2）insist所跟的賓語從句中，如果一件事情已經(jīng)做過，表示堅持說，從句時態(tài)跟謂語動詞時態(tài)變化；而當(dāng)一件事情尚未做，表示堅決主張怎樣時，從句常用shoulddo表虛擬。
Weinsistthatyouacceptthesegifts.?
我們堅決要求你收下這些禮物。?
Weallinsistthatwe(should)notrestuntilwefinishthework.?
大家都堅決要求不完工就不休息。
要點2 What...looklike?看上去什么樣子？
Themanwasholdingwhat______aguncoveredbyaplasticbag.?
A.lookslikeB.lookedlike?
C.likesD.liked?
解析:looklike表示看上去的樣子像什么；like表示“像”，是介詞，本題what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，因此要選擇動詞詞組。?
答案:B
歸納與遷移?
(1）What...looklike?看上去什么樣子？?
Whatdoesthebuildingyoumentionedlooklike?
你提到的房子什么樣？?
Itlookslikeachurch.?
看上去像個教堂。?
Canyoutelluswhatitlookslike?
你能不能告訴我們它看起來什么樣??？?
Giveustenyearsandjustseewhatthisplacewilllooklike.?
給我們10年時間，看這個地方會變成什么樣。?
(2)What...like？怎么樣？(讓人描述或給出意見）?
What’stheweatherliketoday?
今天的天氣怎么樣？?
Whatwilllifebelikeinthefuture?
未來的生活會是什么樣子？?
What’syourteacherlike?
你的老師是個什么樣的人？
人教版高二Unit 1 Make a difference（教案）
Ⅰ.Teachingaimsanddemands
1.Topic:
Talkaboutscienceandscientists
2.Function:describingpeopleanddebating
That’scorrect.It’sclearthat…
Idoubtthat…
Thereisnodoubtthat…
It’shardtosay.
Well,maybe,but…
That’strue.
What’syouridea?
Haveyouthoughtabout…?
3.Vocabulary
undertakeanalysiswithingravitysimilarparagraph
debatescanboundaryincurableengagepromise
explorationdisabletheoryseekthat(adv.)misunderstand
scientificmethodobservematchpredictastronomer
curiousmicroscopetelescopepunishintelligentpatient
besimilartoworkongobybe/getengagedtosb.useup
goonwithdreamofturnoutbesatisfiedwith
takealookattheotherwayroundonfire
makeadifferencebecurioustodosth./aboutsth./that–clause
4.Grammar
Theinfinitiveusedaspredictive/adverbial/attribute/subject/object
Ⅱ.Theanalysisoftheteachingmaterial
Thetopicofthisunitis“makingadifference”.Inthisunit,firstwecanlearnaboutthesciencesubjectsandknowtheimportanceofeachsubject.Second,wecangetfamiliarwithsomegreatscientistsandtheirfamousquotesandachievements,suchasStephenHawking,Galileo,AlbertEinstein,ZhangHengandsoon.Third,wewillknowhowthediscoveriesandinventionsofthegreatscientistshelpusbetterunderstandtheworldandimproveourlife.Byknowingthis,studentsareencouragedtostudyhard,andtheirloveofscienceandtheirhopeofbecomingscientistsareinspired.
1.Warmingup:Itoffersusfivepicturesofforeigngreatscientistswiththeirfamousquotes.Bylearningtheirquotesandtalkingabouttheirachievements,studentscanknowaboutthekeytosuccessandmaketheirmindstobesuccessful.
2.Listening:Itcontains4greatmindsincludingthestudents.Infact,itprovidesthreepassagesandthestudentsareaskedtohaveaguesswhotheyare,whichissointerestingthatitmayfurtherarousethestudents’enthusiasminscience.
3.Speaking:Thestudentsareaskedtohaveadebateaboutwhichbranchofscienceisthemostimportantandusefultosociety.Bydoingso,studentscanpracticedebatingskillsandusesomeusefulexpressionsfreely.Atthesametime,theywillfindthatknowledgeplaysanimportantpartinourdailylife.
4.Pre-readingThethreequestionsinpre-readingpavethewayforreading.
5.Reading:ThetextdescribesHawking’sdisease,dream,achievementsandopinionsonscienceandscientificresearch.
6.Post-reading:Theexerciseshelpthestudentsfurtherunderstandthisgreatscientist.
7.LanguagestudyItcontainswordstudyandgrammar.Studentswillhaveabetterknowledgeoftheusesoftheinfinitiveinthispart.
8.IntegratingskillsItincludesreadingandwriting.Inthereadingpassage,studentscanlearnaboutcharacteristicsoffivescientistsandtheirscientificspirit.Inthewritingpart,studentsareaskedtowriteaparagraphtodescribeafavouritescientist.
9.TipsUnitOnealsogivesstudentssomeadviceonhowtousethescientificmethodtolearnEnglish.
10.checkpoint
Itsumsuptheusesoftheinfinitive.
Ⅲ.Teachingarrangements
Period12:Warmingup,listeningandspeaking
Period34:reading
Period5:Languagestudy
Period6:Integratingskillsandwriting
Notes:
1.AmendingInwarmingup,it’stooabstractforthestudentstotalkaboutthequotes,sowedealwithitasaunittasktothestudentsattheverybeginning―makeupacolumnaboutscientistsandtheirquotes.
2.ReplacementInspeaking,thetextgivesthestudentsthedebate:Whichbranchofscienceismoreimportantandusefultooursociety?
It’stoodifficultandabstractforthestudentstocarryitout.Thereasonsareasfollows:
1)Theirvocabularyisnotlargeenough.
2)It’stoodifficulttodivideeachbranchofscienceinourdailylife.
Infact,eachbranchcan’tbedividedfromtheothers.Onlybycombiningthemtogether,canwemakeourworldmorebeautiful.
Sowechangethetopic,andaskthestudentstotalkaboutwhathashappenedinourdailylife.Thatis,shouldanuclearpowerstationbebuiltinSanmen?Thistopiccangivethestudentslotsofspacetotalkabout.
3.AddingThisunitdoesn’tgiveagoodsampleforthestudentstowriteaboutascientist.Soitisalsoverydifficultforthestudentstodothewritingwell.Becauseofthis,weaddaresearchtasktothestudentsafterfinishingthereadingmaterialNoBoundaries.(Whatisscienceandwhatisthespiritofascientist?Doresearchonyourfavoritescientistandtrytofindoutwhatmakeshim/hersuccessful.ThestudentsareaskedtofinishthetaskbysurfingtheInternet.)Withthehelpofthefirstunittask---tomakeupacolumnaboutscientistsandtheirquotes,it’spossibleforthestudentstowriteagoodarticleaboutafavoritescientist.
Ⅳ.Teachingprocedures
Period12:Warmingup,listeningspeaking
Goals:
1.Toencouragethestudentstalkaboutthescienceandscientists
2.Todevelopthestudents’abilityoflisteningforinformation
3.Toenablethestudentstohaveabetterunderstandingoftheimportanceofscience.
Teachingprocedures
Step1.Warmingup
Task1.Classwork
T:Nicetoseeyouagain.Imissyouverymuch.AndI’mgladtomeetsomenewstudentshere!Nicetomeetyou!
T:Whatmakesyougettogetherhere/getapartwithyourformerclassmates?
Someofuslearnarts/sciencewhileotherslearnscience/arts.
Task2Classwork
1.Whatareartssubjects?Whataresciencesubjects?
Task3.Pairwork
Whydoyoulearnarts/science?
I’mgood/poorat…
Iprefer…to…
I’minto…
BecauseIlike/dislike...
Iwanttobe
Myparentswantmeto…
Mydreamis…
Task4.Individualwork
Whatisyourdream?Whatwillyoudotomakeyourdreamcometrue?
Step2.Listening
Pre-listening
Havingheardyourdreams,Iamgladtoknowallofyouhavegreatmind.I’msureonedayyou’llbecomegreatminds(greatmen/women).Beforewerealizeourdreams,weshouldlearnaboutsomegreatmindsfirstsothatwecanfollowthem,doyouthinkso?
Task1.Classwork
Whatgreatscientistsdoyouknow?
Task2.Individualwork
Enjoythevideo,listencarefullyandfindoutwhoarementionedinthevideo.
(Copernicus,Galileo,KeplerandNewton.)
Task3Pairwork
Enjoyoncemore.Whataretheyfamousfor?
Task4Individualwork
Listentothethreepassages,finishtheexercisesandtalkaboutthescientists.
Enjoyavideoanddothelisteningcomprehensiononthescreen.
Step3.Speaking
ThankstothediscoveryofMadamCurie----Uranium(showtheslide)andtheequationofEinstein(slide),nuclearpowerstationcanbebuiltnowadays.ItisreportedanuclearpowerstationisbeingbuiltinSanmen.Someonesaysitisagoodthing,whileothersdon’tthinkso.(Showslidestohelpthestudentslearnmoreaboutthedisadvantagesandadvantagesofit.)
Task1Groupwork
Debating(ShouldanuclearpowerstationbebuiltinSanmen?)
Thefollowingusefulexpressionmaygivethestudentshelp.
That’scorrect.It’sclearthat…Idoubtthat…
That’strue.It’shardtosay.Well,maybe,but…
Thereisnodoubtthat…What’syouridea?Haveyouthoughtabout…?
Step4.Homework
1.FinishofftheWBlistening.
2.Makeupacolumnaboutscientistsandtheirquotes
Period34:Pre-reading,readingpost-reading
Goals:
1.TogettoknowsomethingaboutthefamousscientistStephenHawking.
2.TolearnthespiritofHawking
3.Todevelopsomebasicskillsofreading
TeachingProcedures
Step1.Pre-reading
Task1:Classwork
Duringthelastperiod,wetalkedaboutalotofscientistsandtheirgreatachievements.
Canyouuseoneadjectivetodescribescience?
Doyouknowanydisabledscientist?
Todaywearegoingtotalkaboutadisabledscientist.
Task2.Classwork
Enjoythevideoandguesswhoheis.
Doeshemovehislipswhilespeaking?
Task3.Individualwork
Listenandanswer:
1).Howdoeshemakeaspeechwithoutmovinghislips?
(throughaspeechcomputer)
2)WhatisitthatHawkingdoesn’tlikeabouthisspeechcomputer?
(ItgiveshimanAmericanaccent.)
Step2.Reading
T:DoyouwanttoknowmoreaboutHawking?S:Yes.
T:Whatdoyouwanttoknowabouthim?S:hisfamily,hisachievements…
T:TurntoP3
Task1:Groupwork
Skimthetextandgiveonewordtoeachparagraph.
Task2:Individualwork
1)Howwouldordinarypeoplefeelwhentheyweretoldthattheyhadanincurabledisease?
2)WhatdidStephenHawkingdowhenhewastoldthathehadanincurabledisease?
3)WhatisHawking’sdream?
4)ReadPara3andPara4.Fillintheblanks.
5.Whatarethestepsofthescientificmethod?
6.Howdopeoplemisunderstandscience?
7.WhatisHawking’sopinionaboutscience?
Task3.Groupwork
NowweknowthatinHawking’sopinioneventhebesttheorycanturnouttobewrong.
1.SupposeHawking’stheoryofBlackHoleswasfoundwrongbyhimself,wouldheadmitit?Haveadiscussionandgiveyourreasons.
2.Showthestudentsthefactwiththeslide.
Task4.Classwork
Howdoyouunderstandthetitle“Noboundaries”?
Suggestedanswers:
Unansweredquestionshavenoboundaries.
science
inthinking.
imagination.
Therearenoboundaries
betweentruthandfalsehood(謬誤)
thehealthyandthedisabled.
Step4.Homework:
Groupworkresearchwork
Whatisscienceandwhatisthespiritofascientist?Doresearchonyourfavoritescientistandtrytofindoutwhatmakeshim/hersuccessful.
UsealibraryortheInternettofinishtheresearchwork.
Period5WordStudy＆Grammar
Goals:
1.Togetthestudentstoreflectontheusefulwordsandphrasesinthisunit
2.ToenablethestudentstohaveabetterknowledgeoftheusesoftheInfinitive
TeachingProcedures:
Step1.Individualwork
1.Askthestudentstotellthespiritsofdisabledpeopleandwhattheycanlearnfromthem.
2.FinishtheexercisesintheSBPage5
Suggestedanswers:
1.(A)這對夫婦花光了所有的錢去找他們六個月前失蹤的五歲兒子.
2.(C)大家很容易看出她不高興.
3.(B)牛頓自言自語:“為什么蘋果會落到地上,而不會飄向空中?”。后來，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了萬有引力定律.
4.(A)科學(xué)家預(yù)言在未來的十年內(nèi),環(huán)境污染會更加嚴(yán)重.他們告誡人們?nèi)绻徊扇〈胧┙鉀Q這個問題，我們將會毀滅我們的星球.
5.(B)哈利觀察這個物體的運動已有多年了,并且預(yù)測它每76年回來一次.
6.(A)警察發(fā)現(xiàn)這個人的指紋和在犯罪現(xiàn)場提取的不一樣后,就放他走了.
Step2Classwork
A.(Lookatthesentencesonthescreen.AsktheSstotellthefunctionoftheunderlinedpartineachsentence.)
1.We’resurprisedtohearthenews.(Adverbial)
2.Wehavetogetupearlytocatchthefirsttrain.(Adverbial)
3.Heisconsideredtobeagreatscientist.(Object)
4.Toseeistobelieve.(Subject,Predictive)
5.Ihavealotofwordstosay.(Attribute)
6.It’simpossibleforhimtogotherealone.(Subject)
7.Shepromisedtomakenomistakesatall.(Object)
8.Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.(Object)
B.SummarizetheformoftheInfinitive:
不定式的簡單式由to+動詞原形構(gòu)成,其動作與主要動詞同時發(fā)生或者發(fā)生在主要動詞之后.
不定式的進(jìn)行式由tobe+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成,表示在主要動詞的動作發(fā)生時,不定試的動作正在進(jìn)行中.
不定式的完成式由tohave+過去分詞構(gòu)成,表示不定式的動作發(fā)生在主要動詞的動作之前.
ShowthevideooftheexplanationoftheusesoftheInfinitivetothestudents.HelptheSsmastertheInfinitivebetter.
Step3Classwork
Exercises高考回顧:
1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier________itmoredifficult.(MET99)B
A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake
2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.(MET2000)B
A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects
3.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplesbutitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.(MET2001)B
A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen
4.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(MET1993)C
A.toinventB.inventing
C.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented
5.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_______tocarryallthewayhome.(MET2003)A
A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch
6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.(MET95)A
A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto
7.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.(MET92)A
A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking
8.Therearefivepairs___,butImatalosswhichtobuy.(1999上海高考)B
A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing
9.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001年北京春季高考)A
A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep
10.Withalotofdifficultproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(2002年上海春季高考)C
A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
11.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole___inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(2003上海春季高考)B
A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying
12.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesaretrying___theirproductsmorecompetitive.
(2002上海春季高考)A
A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmad
13.Theteacheraskedus___somuchnoise.(2003北京春季高考)D
A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake
14.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.
(2000年高考)B
A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects
Step4Individualwork
DoEx.3Page6
Suggestedanswers
1.Isthereanythingtoeat?
2.Ineedapentowritewith.
3.Doyouhaveanythingtoadd?
4.Heislookingforaboxtoputthetworabbitsin.
5.Itwouldbeacomfortablehousetolivein.
Step5Homework
FinishofftheexercisesinWB.
PreviewMakingaDifference
Period6Integratingskillswriting
Goals:
1.Torevisethelanguagepointsandgrammar-theInfinitiveinthisunit.
2.Tolearnmoreaboutthecharacteristicsofscientists
3.Towriteaparagraphaboutascientist.
TeachingProcedures:
T:yesterdaywelearnedthegrammar-theInfinitive.WeknowthattheinfinitivecanbeusedastheSubject,Object,Adverbialandsoon.Nowletsdosomeexercisestoseeifyouhavemasteredthemwellenough.Fillintheblanks,usingtheInfinitive。(Showthefollowingonthescreen）
Lookatthescreen.
Step1Individualwork
1.ThegoalofStephenHawking’sresearchisto__andto___ishisgreatestdream.
2.Thedoctorthoughtheonlyhadthreemoreyearsto__,whichturnedout____.
3.Wetookataxito___.Wehurriedthere,onlyto____.Wewereunhappyto___.
4.Hestudiedhardto_____.
5.Lunchisready.Let’sstopto_____.
Suggestedanswers:
1.discovernatureoftheuniverse;getmarried
2.live;bewrong
3.catchthetrain;findthetrainhadgone;missthetrain
4.passtheexamination
5.havelunch
T:Nowlet’srevisetheusefulexpressionsinthisunittogether.
Fillintheblankswiththerightphrasesinthebox
1.He__onedaybecomingafamoussinger
2.John__Mary.
3.Twoweeksslowly_____.
4.Hissuggestion____tobeagoodone.
5.We____ourmoney.
6.Forwecan’tfinishcopyingtheessaytoday,wehaveto____ittomorrow.
7.Tom____astory-book.
Suggestedanswers:
1.dreamsof2.isengagedto3.wentby4.turnedout
5.haveusedup6.goonwith7.isworkingon
Step2Reading
T:Thereweremanyscientistsintheworldinthepast.Theymadegreatcontributionstooursociety.Theyhelpusunderstandtheworldbetter.Doyouknowwhyandhowtheymadetheseimportantdiscoveriesorinventions?OK.Todaywearegoingtoreadapassage.Itwilltelluswhatmakesthescientistsmaketheirdiscoveries.
Task1Individualwork
Whoarementionedinthetext?(Hawking,Bacon,ZhangHeng,Galileo,Copernicus)
Task2Classwork
Matchthefollowing:
HawkingTelescope
BaconSeismograph
ZhangHengABriefHistoryofTime
Galileothesolarsystemwiththesunasitscenter
Copernicusknowledgeispower
Task3Classwork
Whatcharacteristicsshouldascientisthave?
suggestedanswers:creativity
strongwillcuriosity
observationintelligence
imaginationdiligenceconfidence
Step3Groupwork
Discussion
Howdoyouunderstandthetitle?
(*haveagreateffectonsomething*makecontributionstotheworld
*makegoodchangestotheworld*gainachievements)
Step4Homework
T:Whoisyourfavouritescientist?
(Thestudentsmayhavedifferentanswers.)
Writeaparagraphaboutafavoritescientistaccordingtowhattheyhavedoneaboutthefamousscientists.
Tips:Whatdoyouwanttowrite?
Whatdoesthereaderneedtoknowaboutthescientist?
Howcanyoubestdescribehimorher?
Whatisthemostimportantorinterestingfactaboutthescientist?
Whydoyoulikehimorher?
(writeadescriptionofascientistaccordingtothetips)
