被動(dòng)語態(tài)高中教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2020-11-03選修7第2單元Unit2不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)導(dǎo)學(xué)單(3)。
Unit2不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)----ThePassiveInfinitive一、不定式的時(shí)態(tài)
1.Hehopestosee(see)youagain.
2.I’msorrytohavelost(lose)yourkey.
3.Ithappenedtoberaining(rain)whenIgotthere.
4.Heappearstohavebeenwaiting(wait)alongtime.
不定式有時(shí)態(tài)的變化,時(shí)態(tài)共四種,即不定式的一般式、完成式、進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式.
不定式的一般式表示動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)或之后發(fā)生
不定式的完成式表示_動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生.
不定式的進(jìn)行式表示謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生時(shí),不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行
不定式的完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生之前,不定式的動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù).
二、不定式的語態(tài)
1.Itisanhonorformetobeasked(ask)tospeakhere.
2.Hethoughtitanhonortohavebeeninvited(invite)totheparty.
3.Thebooksarenotallowedtobetaken(take)outoftheroom.
4.Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslated(translate)intomanylanguages.
不定式還有語態(tài)的變化,語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
語態(tài)
時(shí)態(tài)
主動(dòng)語態(tài)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)
一般式
todo
tobedone
完成式
tohavedone
tohave
beendone
進(jìn)行式
tobedoing
/
完成進(jìn)行式
tohave
beendoing
/
㈠.主動(dòng)式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone/tohavebeendoing)
當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí).
1.WewanttolearnEnglishwell.
2.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.(NMET99)
A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomake
㈡.被動(dòng)式(tobedone/tohavebeendone)
當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí).
1.Hedidn’tliketobelaughedat.
2.Heclaimed____inthesuppermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.
A.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadly
C.tobetreatedbadlyD.tohavebeenbadlytreated.
不定式在句中用主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式,多數(shù)情況下是容易判別的,但有時(shí)的確比較復(fù)雜,請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中。
在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中,用來修飾主語的不定式可以用被動(dòng)形式,也可以用主動(dòng)形式,在口語中用主動(dòng)形式的時(shí)候更多一些。如:
Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).時(shí)間緊迫,不能耽誤了。
Therearestillmanydifficultiestoovercome(tobeovercome).還有許多困難要克服。
但有時(shí)候用主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)可分別表示不同的意思。當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí),不定式用主動(dòng)形式,如果說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事情本身必須完成,則用被動(dòng)形式。
試比較:
Thereisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodo.)我們現(xiàn)在沒事干。
Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wecandonothingnow.)現(xiàn)在沒有什么辦法了。
2.在“n/pron+be+adj+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中,常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。
常用的形容詞有easy,difficult,hard,impossible,nice,pleasant,light,heavy,interesting,important,expensive,cheap,fit,dangerous等。
Heishardtobelievein.
Thehouseiscomfortabletolivein.
3.在“too—todo;enough…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)中,常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。
Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout.
Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.
4.在“疑問代詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中,常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。
Idon’tknowwhattodonext.
Shewilltellyouwhichbustotake.
Doyouknowwhotogowith?
4.在“with+n+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。
Withnothingtodo,helayinbed.
Withsomanyexercisestodo,Ican‘tgotothecinema.
5.動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語在句子中出現(xiàn)
Ihavealettertotypetoday.(I是totype的邏輯主語)
Doyouhaveanythingtosay?(you是tosay的邏輯主語)
注意比較:
1)Doyouhaveanythingtosend?
2)Doyouhaveanythingtobesent?
(1)你有什么東西要寄嗎?(不定式tosend的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you)
(2)你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎?
(不定式tobesent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse)
注意:若句子的主語并非不定式的邏輯主語時(shí),不定式則必須用被動(dòng)式
6.當(dāng)不定式隱含在forsbtodo結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)。
Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus/youtoread).
Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse.
7.一些作表語用的不定式的主動(dòng)形式。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)et(出租),rent,hire,blame,toseek等。
Thehouseistolet.
IfeltIwastoblame.
Thereasonisnotfartoseek.理由不難找到。
8.need/require/want表示“需要”時(shí)+tobedone,和接v.-ing的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)含義一致。
我的車需要修理。
Mycarneedsrepairing(=needstoberepaired).
9.通常在believe,suppose,say,report等動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的句子中可以進(jìn)行主動(dòng)語態(tài)到被動(dòng)語態(tài)以及被動(dòng)語態(tài)和動(dòng)詞不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換.如:
TheysaythatMikeissickinbed.
=ItissaidthatMikeissickinbed.
=Mikeissaidtobesickinbed.據(jù)說麥克臥床不起.
Exercise:
1.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen
2.Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only____thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.
A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told
3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappears____everything.
A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold
4.Itissaidthatplasticscanbeusedto____manythings.Nowpeopleareusedto____plasticsproducts.A.make;usingB.making;usingC.making;useD.make;use
5.Withalotofproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
6.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper____inbroaddaylightyesterday A.toberobbedBtohavekeenrobbed CrobbedDhavingbeenrobbed7.Anexhibitionofpaintings____atthemuseumnextweek.
A.aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholdingD.willhold
8.Thequestionaskedbyhimishard_____.
A.toanswerB.tobeansweredC.tobeansweringD.foranswer
9.tohavebeenrich.
A.TheysayB.ItissaidC.HeissaidD.Thatwassaid
10.Mathematicsisdifficult______.
A.tolearnB.forlearningC.tobelearnedD.oflearning
11.---Icantseetheblackboardverywell.
----Perhapsyouneed______.
A.toexamineyoureyesB.tohaveyoureyesexamined
C.tohaveexaminedyoureyesD.tobeexaminedyoureyes
12..----WhydoyoucallyoursonMouse?
----Hewants______bythename.
A.tocallB.tobecalledC.tobecallingD.beingcalled
13.Hisidea,thoughgood,needs______out.
A.beingtriedB.totryC.triedD.tobetried
14.---Haveyougonetoseethedoctor?
---No,but______
.A.IgoB.IamgoingtoseeC.IgotoseeD.I’mgoingto
擴(kuò)展閱讀
高二英語選修7第2單元unit2導(dǎo)學(xué)單(4)
一名愛崗敬業(yè)的教師要充分考慮學(xué)生的理解性,作為高中教師就要根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容制定合適的教案。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠聽懂教師所講的內(nèi)容,讓高中教師能夠快速的解決各種教學(xué)問題。優(yōu)秀有創(chuàng)意的高中教案要怎樣寫呢?小編特地為大家精心收集和整理了“高二英語選修7第2單元unit2導(dǎo)學(xué)單(4)”,歡迎閱讀,希望您能閱讀并收藏。
選修七unit2usinglanguage
ABiographyofIsaacAsimov
Step1.Fastreading
ReadthepassagequicklyandmarkallthephrasesoftimeinParagraphTwo,Three,FourandSix.
Step2.TimelineoftheeventsinAsimov’slife
1920:BorninRussia
1922:Sisterborn
1923:Movedwithfamilyto__________.
Parentsboughtacandystore.
1929:Startedworking_________inthecandystore.
Motherhadherthirdchild.
____:Startedtotakehimselfseriouslyasawriter.
1939:Begunhavingstoriespublishedin_____________magazines.
____:Gainedmaster’sdegreeinchemistry.
1942:Finishedworkinginthecandystore.
Marriedhis______wife
1942-1945:Workedasa(n)________
__________,PhiladelphiaNavyYard.
____:GotPhDinchemistry.
____:Becameabiochemistryteacher,BostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine.
1950:Publishedhisfirstnovelpublished_______.Developedthreelawsforrobots.
1951-1953:PublishedtheFoundationtrilogyandwonanawardforit.
____:Publishedfirstsciencebook.
____:Becameafull-timewriter.
1973:Divorcedhisfirstwife.Marriedfora______time.
____:Hadabloodtransfusion.BecameinfectedwithHIV.
1992:Diedin_________.
Step3.exercises
(1)—Haveyoupassedtheexamination?
—NO,I_____,butfailed.
A.triedB.triedto
C.managetoD.trytopass
(2)Try_____atthebackdoorifnobodyanswersyouatthefrontdoor.
A.toknockB.tobeknocking
C.knockingD.havingknocked
(3)Whenwefinally_____togethomeafterthetiringlongjourneywecouldhardlymoveastepfarther.
A.triedB.succeeded
C.managedD.a(chǎn)ttempted
(4)Thevisitorsare_____at_____changethathastakenplaceinthiscountry.
A.a(chǎn)mazed;amazedB.amazing;amazing
C.amazed;amazingD.a(chǎn)mazing;amazed
(5)Tomy_____,hedidntfeel_____athismarks.
A.amazed;amazementB.a(chǎn)mazed;amazed
C.a(chǎn)mazement;amazingD.a(chǎn)mazement;amazed
(6)1dontthinkhecandotheworkwell,becauseheis______16yearsold.
A.morethanB.lessthan
C.nomorethanD.notlessthan
(7)ThebeautyoftheWestLakeis______wordscandescribe.
A.muchthanB.morethan
C.nomorethanD.notmorethan
(8)Hetoldmeto______,forhewantedtostayforawhileallbyhimself.
A.leavehimbehindB.leavehimout
C.forgetaboutD.leavehimalone
選修7第2單元unit2wordsstudy導(dǎo)學(xué)單
選修七unit2wordsstudyNO.1
一.根據(jù)提示寫出下列單詞
1.desiren.渴望;渴求→________v.希望得到;想要
2.satisfactionn.__________→________v.__________→________adj.覺得滿意的→_________adj.令人滿足的;令人滿意的
3._________vt.使警覺;使恐慌→_______n.______→_______adj.擔(dān)心的;害怕的
4.__________n.同情心→_________v.__________→____________adj._____________→_____________adj.令人的擔(dān)憂的
5.___________n.喜愛,恩惠→__________v.偏袒;喜愛→favouriten.________adj.________→favourableadj.___________________
6.affairn._____________→affairsn._____________
7.____________vt.宣布,聲明,表明→____________n.___________
8.staten._______________adj.____________v.___________
9.imaginationn.__________→____________v.___________
10.junioradj./n__________________→反義詞___________adj.______
11.________n.天才;才干→_________adj.___________
12.__________adj.理論上的;假設(shè)的→_________n.__________
13._________v.服從,順從→_________v.不服從;違抗
14.________n.全體員工,手杖
15.___________n.(由他人撰寫的)傳記,傳記文學(xué)
16.________n.離婚,斷絕關(guān)系→_________v.與。。。離婚,脫離
17.___________實(shí)驗(yàn),考驗(yàn)
18.___________給。。。打電話
19.___________轉(zhuǎn)向,回轉(zhuǎn)
20.___________不管,別惹,讓。。一個(gè)人呆著
21.___________將。。。放在一邊
22.___________一定做
23.___________一共,總計(jì)
二.閱讀課本page10---12,寫出下列短語
1.designtodo2.由人操作
3.不同種類的4.故事中的人物
5.列舉清單6.科幻小說
7.為一個(gè)公司工作8.實(shí)驗(yàn)一個(gè)家用機(jī)器人
9.實(shí)驗(yàn),測(cè)試10.缺席,不在
11.感到驚訝12.更像。。。而不像。。。
13.面部表情14.戴著圍裙
15.覺得尷尬16.提升某人的社會(huì)地位
17.從圖書館借了一摞書18.允許陪她去商店
19.對(duì)。。粗魯20.轉(zhuǎn)向
21.有曖昧關(guān)系22.從梯子上摔下來
23.保護(hù)以免受24.阻止
25.對(duì)。。。沒危險(xiǎn)26.愛上某人
單詞拼寫
1.Weall_____(渴望)peaceandhappiness.
2.Flowerarrangementisan______(高雅的)art.
3.Thiskindofmaterialfeelsas_____(光滑的)assilk.
4.Theparliament_____(宣告)thatthecolonywasindependent.
5.She______(陪伴)herfriendtotheconcertlastnight.
6.HowIe______yougettinganextradaysholiday.
7.Tomys______,mysonpassedtheexamination.
8.Noneofthemcouldofferasatisfactorye______fortheirabsence.
9.Remembernottoe______thembyaskingpersonalquestions.
10.Hissecondm______washeldatSt.Paulschurch.
Grammar:動(dòng)詞不定式教案
一名優(yōu)秀的教師在教學(xué)方面無論做什么事都有計(jì)劃和準(zhǔn)備,作為高中教師就要根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容制定合適的教案。教案可以讓學(xué)生們充分體會(huì)到學(xué)習(xí)的快樂,幫助高中教師提前熟悉所教學(xué)的內(nèi)容。高中教案的內(nèi)容要寫些什么更好呢?下面是小編為大家整理的“Grammar:動(dòng)詞不定式教案”,但愿對(duì)您的學(xué)習(xí)工作帶來幫助。
Grammar:動(dòng)詞不定式
Ⅰ.不定式句法功能
1.作主語:Thecatsaid,“Totakerollercoaster”isterrible.
不定式短語作主語時(shí),可以直接放在句首,但在很多情況下,尤其是在疑問句和感嘆句中,往往放在謂語之后,而用先行代詞it作形式主語。
→Thecatsaid,“It’sterribletotakerollercoaster.”
Howlongdidittakeyoutotakerollercoaster?
Howterribleitistotakerollercoaster?
不定式作主語常見句型:
a)Itis+adj.(easy,important,difficult…)+不定式
b)Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,one’sduty,ashame)+不定式
eg.It’smydutytoteachyouhowtobeastudentofNo.3MiddleSchool.
c)Ittakes/needs/requires+sometime(hours,months,days,patience…)+不定式
eg.Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodteacher.
2.作表語:當(dāng)句子的主語是aim,idea,policy,question,suggestion,wish,task,duty,job,purpose等或者主語是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí),后面可以用不定式做表語,用以說明主語所包含內(nèi)容。
eg.Ourmostimportanttasknowistomakeaplan.
注:作表語的不定式都帶to,但當(dāng)主語部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí),to可以省略。
eg.Theonlythingwecandonowiswaitandsee.
3.作賓語
Thecatsaid“Remembernottotakeitnexttime!”.
a)可以直接用不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞很多,常見的有:agree,afford,tend,ask,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,intend,manage,offer,plan,promise,refuse,want,wish等
Idon’twant_____likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.
A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded
當(dāng)不定式短語比賓補(bǔ)長時(shí),往往將不定式放到賓補(bǔ)后,而用先行代詞it作形式賓語,常用動(dòng)詞有feel,think,find,believe,consider,make等。
Thecatfeltitterribletotakerollercoaster.
b)不定式一般不作介詞的賓語,只有少數(shù)介詞如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作賓語。一般情況下作介詞賓語的不定式都帶to,如果but或except所在句子里的謂語動(dòng)詞都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,does,did時(shí),通常省略to。
Eg.Wehavenochoicebuttowait.
Cf.Wecandonothingbutwait.
4.賓語補(bǔ)足語
在SVOC句型中,許多動(dòng)詞都可以按不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
a)通常作賓語補(bǔ)語的不定式要帶to,常用于以下動(dòng)詞之后:ask,tell,advise,allow,enable,expect,force,get,like,order,teach,want,invite,wish,beg等
Youshouldgetthemtohelpyou.
但在謂語動(dòng)詞believe,find,think,feel,consider,suppose,imagine,prove等后面跟tobe…作賓補(bǔ),不跟todo…
eg.Theybelievehimtobehonest.
b)以下兩類動(dòng)詞后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)不能帶to
①一些表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞,如:let,have,make等
②一些表示感覺的動(dòng)詞,如:hear,feel,see,watch,notice等
Don’tletthechildrentroubleyou.
Iheardsomeoneopenthedoor.
但當(dāng)這兩類動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí),不定式就成了主補(bǔ)。作主補(bǔ)的不定式必須加上to
Hisfathermadehimgotobedearly.
→Hewasmadetogotobedearlybyhisfather.
5.作定語
不定式可以在句子充當(dāng)后置定語,修飾名詞。
以下幾類情況常用不定式作定語:
①能帶不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞,其同源名詞可以帶不定式作定語。常見的有attempt,decision,promise,plan等
eg.Hehasn’tkepthispromisetowritetohisparentsregularly.
②常與不定式搭配的形容詞,其同源名詞一般可以用不定式作定語。常見的有ability,determination,anxiety,eagerness等
eg.Hiseagernesstofinishhishomeworkwasquiteclear.
③序數(shù)詞形容詞最高級(jí)或被only,last,next等修飾的名詞可以用不定式作定語:
Shewastheonlypersontosurviveaftertheearthquake.
Tips:不定式在作定語時(shí),有時(shí)與被修飾的名詞有意義上的主謂關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,如果該不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞,它后面需要加上適當(dāng)介詞。
Eg.He’salwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.主謂關(guān)系
I’venotimetolistentoyourexcuse.同位關(guān)系
Shehasameetingtoattend.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系=attendameeting)
There’snothingtoworryabout.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系=worryaboutnothing)
6.作狀語
不定式可以作狀語,表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。
①to…,inorderto…,soasto…(不能放在句首)作目的狀語
Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____intimeforChristmas.
A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving
②在so…asto,such….asto,onlyto…結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式作結(jié)果狀語,其中onlyto…用于表示意想不到的結(jié)果。
Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.
③enoughto,too…to結(jié)構(gòu)
eg.Theboyisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.
=Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.
④形容詞(happy,glad,lucky,fortunate,surprised,angry,anxious,ready,quick,slow,cruel,clever等)+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)
eg.I’mgladtomeetyou.
Thequestionisdifferenttoanswer.
Heishardtogetalongwith.
7.作插入語,用來說明說話人的態(tài)度、看法、對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行解釋,如tobefrank(坦白地說),tobesure(確實(shí))等。
Eg.Totellyouthetruth,Ihateyou.
8.作同位語
eg.Theordertostartthegeneralattacksooncame.
不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),以it為形式主語或形式賓語引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),如果其前的形容詞是指行為的性質(zhì)就用:forsb.todosth.這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語等。
ItisnecessaryformetolearnEnglishwell.
如果該形容詞是指行為的性質(zhì),同時(shí)又指行為的人,則用ofsb.todosth.。這種句式中的常用形容詞有:right,wrong,brave,careful,careless,clever,wise,stupid,cruel,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,silly等。
eg.It’sverykindofyoutocometoseeme.
連接代(副)詞+不定式(包括whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how,不包括why),在句中起名詞的作用,通常跟在諸如tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain等動(dòng)詞后作賓、主語或表語。
Eg.NoonecantellmewheretofindJohn.
Whentotheexamisstillunknown.
Theproblemishowtogetenoughmoney.
不定式的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式
①不定式的進(jìn)行式由tobe+V-ing構(gòu)成,用來表示謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
Eg.SomestudentspretendedtobereadingEnglishwhentheteachercamein.
②不定式完成式由tohave+V-ed構(gòu)成,用來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。
Eg.---IsBobstillperforming?
---I’mafraidnot.Heissaid_______thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.
A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenD.tobeleft
答案是A
③不定式的被動(dòng)式分為一般式被動(dòng)tobeV-ing和完成式被動(dòng)tohavebeenV-ed。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
Eg.Itisanhonourformetobeinvitedtotheparty.
Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.
Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____intimeforChristmas.
A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceive
C.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving
動(dòng)名詞
1.動(dòng)名詞的句法功能:動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞加ing構(gòu)成,與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動(dòng)名詞主要起名詞作用,在句中擔(dān)任主語、表語、賓語和定語。
①作主語,可以直接放在句首,也可以用先行代詞it作為形式主語,而把動(dòng)名詞后置。
eg.Seeingisbelieving.(眼見為實(shí))
Sayingiseasierthandoing.
Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.(單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))
動(dòng)名詞作主語還有以下兩個(gè)習(xí)慣表答法:
Itisnouse(good)+動(dòng)名詞:做某事沒有用
Eg.It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水難收)
Thereisno+動(dòng)名詞(=Itisimpossibletodosth.)
Eg.Thereisnoknowingwhatmayhappen.(未來的事無法知道)
②作表語:通常是說明主語的內(nèi)容,注意它與謂語動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別
eg.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.(此句為SVC結(jié)構(gòu))可改為:Collectingstampsishishobby.
Cf.Heiscollectingstamps.(iscollecting是謂語動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí),此句為SVO結(jié)構(gòu))
不能改為:Collectingstampsishe.
③作賓語
A.作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(enjoy,mind,finish,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,escape,pratise,suggest,keep(on),miss)
eg.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_____thegoodopportunity.
A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost
答案為B
有些動(dòng)詞(attempt,begin,continue,hate,like,love)后面既可以接不定式作賓語,也可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語,意義差別不大。通常認(rèn)為用動(dòng)名詞泛指一般的傾向性,用不定式則表示特定或具體某一種動(dòng)作。
Eg.IlikeswimmingbutIdon’tliketoswiminwinter.
動(dòng)詞prefer后面接不定式作賓語時(shí),句子結(jié)構(gòu)與按動(dòng)名詞作賓語是不一樣。
eg.Iprefertodriveratherthantobedriven.
Ipreferdrivingtoriding.
有些動(dòng)詞,如forget,remember,regret等,后面接動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作,不定式表示的動(dòng)作后于謂語動(dòng)詞。
Eg.Whenaskedbypolice,hesaidthatheremembered_____atheparty,butnot______.
A.toarrive,leavingB.toarrive,toleaveC.arriving,leavingD.arriving,toleave
在下列句型中動(dòng)名詞作真正賓語:
動(dòng)詞+it(形式賓語)+賓補(bǔ)+動(dòng)名詞(真正賓語)
eg.Ithinkitnousetellingthem.
Wethinkitnogoodinvitingtohim.
B.作介詞的賓語
Eg.Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhour______hisnotes.
A.bringingupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingon
beusedtodoing習(xí)慣于做;lookforwardtodoing盼望做;devoteone’slifetodoing致力于做;spenttime(in)doing花時(shí)間做;befondofdoing喜愛做;begoodatdoing擅長做;beproudofdoing為做…而自豪;betiredofdoing對(duì)做…感到厭倦;feellikedoing欲想做;goondoing繼續(xù)做(原來的事);keepondoing不停地做;whataboutdoing做…怎么樣;thinkofdoing考慮做;beinterestedindoing對(duì)做…感興趣;havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doing做某事有困難;bebusy(in)doing忙于做;insteadofdoing做…而不做…
eg.EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand______jokes.
A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup
答案為C
④作定語
動(dòng)名詞可作前置定語,表示所修飾的詞的用途或目的,可用for改寫;而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí),可用定語從句改寫。
swimmingpoolwaitingroomwalkingstick
asleepingcar=acarforsleepingasleepingchild=achildwhoissleeping
⑤作同位語
eg.That’sthequeen’sfull-timejob,layingeggs.這就是蟻后的專職工作——產(chǎn)卵。
2.動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語
①人稱代詞做邏輯主語時(shí)應(yīng)用所有格,即形容詞性物主代詞。
Eg.Doyoumindingmysmokinghere?
②邏輯主語是不定代詞或指示代詞時(shí),很少用所有格,而用普通格。
Eg.Hewasawakenedbysomeoneknockingthedoor.
There’snoneedforthatbeingdone.
③邏輯主語是名詞時(shí),用所有格,但是如果名詞為無生命物體時(shí),則用普通格。
Eg.Mary’slaughingmadeTomangry.
Thereisnohopingofthefactorymakingprofit.
④在口語中,動(dòng)名詞如果不在句首,可以用名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格作邏輯主語。
Eg.Ireallycan’tunderstand_____herlikethat.
A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating
3.動(dòng)名詞的完成式、一般式被動(dòng)和完成式被動(dòng)。
Eg.Afterhavingfinishhiswork,hewenthome.
Heattendedthemeetingwithoutbeingasked.
Shenevertoldmeaboutherhavingbeeninterviewedbythepolice.
被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)
語態(tài)(Voice),作為一個(gè)語法范疇,是表示主語和動(dòng)詞之間的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞行式。英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài):主動(dòng)語態(tài)(ActiveVoice)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)(PassiveVoice)。當(dāng)主語為動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者即施動(dòng)者時(shí),動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)態(tài);如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者即受動(dòng)者時(shí),動(dòng)詞便用被動(dòng)態(tài)。例如:
(1)JohnhelpedPeter.
(2)PeterwashelpedbyJohn.
句(1)helped是主動(dòng)態(tài);句(2)washelped是被動(dòng)態(tài),可見主動(dòng)態(tài)是無標(biāo)記的,而被動(dòng)態(tài)是有標(biāo)記的。
構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be的時(shí)態(tài)之一和及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語態(tài)可用于各種時(shí)態(tài),其時(shí)態(tài)變化通過助動(dòng)詞be的不同形式來體現(xiàn)。如:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式為助動(dòng)詞am/is/are+過去分詞;而一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式為was/were+過去分詞。本冊(cè)要掌握的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式有:
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/are+過去分詞
e.g.Footballisplayedallovertheworld.
I’moftenaskedtodothiswork.
我常常被派做這項(xiàng)工作。
一般過去時(shí):was/were+過去分詞
e.g.Theterracottawarriorswerefoundin1974nearXi’an.
Theywerediscoveredbyworkersinafieldoutsidethecity.
Whenwasthebuildingcompleted?
這座大樓什么時(shí)候建成的?
一般將來時(shí):will(shall)+be+過去分詞
begoingto+be+過去分詞
e.g.Theresultoftheexamwillbeknownsoon.
Theyaregoingtobegivenadifficulttest.
一般過去將來時(shí):should(would)be+過去分詞
e.g.Theteachersaidtheresultswouldbepublishedsoon.
Hetoldmethatthefilmwouldbeshownthenextweek.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/are+being+過去分詞
e.g.Thenewairportisbeingbuiltbyaforeigncompany.
一家外國公司正在承建這座新機(jī)場。
Thesongisbeingsungbythegirlsnow.
過去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/werebeing+過去分詞
e.g.ThesongwasbeingsungbythegirlswhenIgotthere.
ThestudentwasbeingcriticizedwhenIwentintothe
teacher’soffice.
將來完成時(shí):willhavebeen+過去分詞
e.g.Bytheendofnextterm2000Englishwordswill
havebeenlearned.
Thebuildingwillhavebeenbuiltbynextyear.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):has/have+been+過去分詞
e.g.Alltheticketshavebeensold.
Thebookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.
這本書已被譯成多種語言。
過去完成時(shí):hadbeen+過去分詞
e.g.Fortyschoolshadbeenvisitedbylastyear.
AlltheticketshadbeensoldoutwhenIgottothecinema.
過去將來完成時(shí):wouldhavebeen+過去分詞
e.g.Hesaidmanywordswouldhavebeenlearnedby2001.
Theypromisedthattenbookswouldhavebeenpublished
bythenextmonth.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞
e.g.Thisroadmustbemended.
Themachinepartsmaybeneededinourwork.
工作中可能需要這些機(jī)器零部件。
動(dòng)詞不定式:tobe+過去分詞
e.g.I’mgladtobeaskedquestions.
Itisimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.
失去的時(shí)間不可彌補(bǔ)。
主要用法
被動(dòng)態(tài)常用于下列幾種場合:
1.當(dāng)不知道或不必提出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)(這時(shí)都不帶由by引起的短語);
PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.
印刷術(shù)是從中國引入歐洲的。
TheairplanewasmadeinU.S.
Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.這種書是為兒童寫的。
2.動(dòng)作的承受者是談話的中心(這時(shí)可帶有由by引起的短語);
Thesongwascomposedbyastudent.
這首歌曲是一個(gè)學(xué)生譜寫的。
Thousandsofriversarepollutedinthecountry.
3.出于禮貌措詞等原因而不愿說出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是誰。
Youarerequestedtogethereintime.
請(qǐng)您準(zhǔn)時(shí)來這兒。
帶行為主體的被動(dòng)態(tài)
行為主體就是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,即執(zhí)行動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作的人或物。在被動(dòng)句中,往往不提及行為主體;但當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),可用介詞by引出行為(by+主體行為主體),置于被動(dòng)態(tài)句的末尾,說明是什么人或物應(yīng)對(duì)有關(guān)事件負(fù)責(zé)。
e.g.Thevillagewasdestroyedbyabomb.
這個(gè)村莊毀于炸彈。
Thepaintingisveryvaluable.ItwaspaintedbyVanGogh.
這幅畫很值錢,它是梵高畫的。
其它用法補(bǔ)充
1.“It+被動(dòng)語態(tài)+that從句”。表示謹(jǐn)慎或不太肯定的語氣。常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有:say,think,believe,agree,expect,consider,feel,know,decide,report,suggest,prove等。
e.g.Itissaidthatpriceswillriseagainthismonth.
據(jù)說本月物價(jià)還將上漲。
Itisthoughtthataboutamilliondogsareborneachyear.
據(jù)認(rèn)為每年約有一百條狗出生。
Itisreportedthatallthepassengersdiedinthecrash.
據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)所有乘客在那次飛機(jī)墜毀中遇難。
Itisagreedthatwewillhavetwoweeksholidaythisyear.
2.用于通告標(biāo)題廣告等的被動(dòng)態(tài)往往省去助動(dòng)詞be。
e.g.NoChinesespokenhere.
Shoesrepaired.
FamousPaintingStolen.名畫被盜。