高中必修一英語(yǔ)教案

高一英語(yǔ)必修3Unit4教案。

一名優(yōu)秀的教師就要對(duì)每一課堂負(fù)責(zé)，作為高中教師就要精心準(zhǔn)備好合適的教案。教案可以保證學(xué)生們?cè)谏险n時(shí)能夠更好的聽課，幫助高中教師提前熟悉所教學(xué)的內(nèi)容。怎么才能讓高中教案寫的更加全面呢？下面是小編幫大家編輯的《高一英語(yǔ)必修3Unit4教案》，歡迎大家與身邊的朋友分享吧！

Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars

I教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析
本單元的中心話題是“天文學(xué)”。本單元的兩篇文章都采用了敘述性文體。第一篇閱讀短文按照時(shí)間順序主要敘述了地球上生命的起源和發(fā)展過(guò)程。第二篇閱讀短文中作者用第一人稱的口吻講述了他和朋友的登月經(jīng)歷。可以說(shuō)本單元科學(xué)知識(shí)含量較高，更能激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和好奇心。
WarmingUp部分共有兩個(gè)問(wèn)題,第一個(gè)問(wèn)題讓學(xué)生說(shuō)出八大行星并看圖指出各個(gè)行星的名稱；第二個(gè)問(wèn)題讓學(xué)生說(shuō)出自己對(duì)天文學(xué)哪些方面感興趣以及天文學(xué)家所關(guān)注的方面。在高考的重壓之下，同學(xué)們都想能利用科學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)方法做到事半功倍而且很多學(xué)生也一直做著將來(lái)能成為科學(xué)家的夢(mèng)。所以，該話題會(huì)讓學(xué)生們興趣盎然，積極思考和討論此方面的內(nèi)容，從而達(dá)到熱身的目的。
Pre-reading部分也提出了三個(gè)問(wèn)題，主要是讓學(xué)生區(qū)分宗教信仰、文化傳統(tǒng)和科學(xué)思想之間的不同?？梢砸灾v故事的方式讓學(xué)生彼此之間分享一些有關(guān)宇宙和地球起源方面的傳說(shuō)或故事，這樣既能激活他們的思維也能為閱讀部分打下基礎(chǔ)。
Reading部分描寫了地球上生命的起源和發(fā)展過(guò)程，具體寫了由于水的形成才使得地球上生命的誕生成為可能?？茖W(xué)家認(rèn)為，地球上的生命最初誕生于水中。數(shù)萬(wàn)年后，陸地上才長(zhǎng)出了綠色植物，隨后出現(xiàn)了陸棲動(dòng)物和水陸兩棲動(dòng)物。最初的動(dòng)物靠孵化繁衍后代，再之后誕生了哺乳動(dòng)物，人類也隨之誕生了。文章最后講述的現(xiàn)象發(fā)人深省：Theearthmaybecometoohotforthelivesonit.它關(guān)系到地球上生命的未來(lái)。
Comprehending部分通過(guò)五個(gè)練習(xí)題檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)本文核心內(nèi)容的理解。練習(xí)1是對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)的分析以及大意的概括；練習(xí)2通過(guò)排序的方式幫助學(xué)生弄清本文的行文線索，也就是地球上生命的起源和發(fā)展歷程；練習(xí)3提出5個(gè)小問(wèn)題，考查學(xué)生的深層理解和推斷能力；練習(xí)4讓學(xué)生找出文章中出現(xiàn)的連接詞，檢查學(xué)生對(duì)文章中句型的熟悉和理解程度，同時(shí)還有助于學(xué)生在寫作方面得到提高；練習(xí)5讓學(xué)生選擇一個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行回答并向全班匯報(bào)，開拓學(xué)生的思維并鍛煉他們的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。。
LearningaboutLanguage有詞匯和語(yǔ)法兩部分。第一部分練習(xí)讓學(xué)生學(xué)著去應(yīng)用課文中出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)。第二部分是針對(duì)主語(yǔ)從句的練習(xí)，其中第一題要求學(xué)生從課文中找出三個(gè)或更多的主語(yǔ)從句；第二個(gè)練習(xí)以把主語(yǔ)從句改寫成簡(jiǎn)單句的形式讓學(xué)生能對(duì)此語(yǔ)法有深層的了解。第三個(gè)練習(xí)則以完成句子的方式要求學(xué)生更進(jìn)一步的運(yùn)用復(fù)合句，此部分是對(duì)表語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行練習(xí)。
UsingLanguage包括“聽力”、“閱讀”、“說(shuō)和寫”三大塊。這三部分的話題都是有關(guān)科學(xué)的。聽力部分主要是介紹三位偉大的科學(xué)家。閱讀部分講了一個(gè)科幻故事。說(shuō)和寫的中心話題是登月旅行中必需的工具和可能遇到的問(wèn)題。該部分的設(shè)計(jì)由淺入深，層層遞進(jìn)，既練習(xí)了聽力又豐富了知識(shí)，還能夠鍛煉同學(xué)們的想象力，拓展學(xué)生各方面能力。
SummingUp指導(dǎo)學(xué)生歸納和總結(jié)在本單元學(xué)到的知識(shí)——有用詞匯、慣用表達(dá)和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。
II．教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)
1．教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
（1）本單元的生詞、短語(yǔ)和句型結(jié)構(gòu)；
（2）掌握主語(yǔ)從句并把它和表語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行區(qū)別；
（3）學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用科學(xué)知識(shí)并能結(jié)合自己的想象力去解決現(xiàn)實(shí)中的問(wèn)題。
2．教學(xué)難點(diǎn)
（1）通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)相應(yīng)的科學(xué)知識(shí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性思維能力；
（2）學(xué)生應(yīng)能夠理解主語(yǔ)從句的用法和作用并能做到學(xué)以致用，舉一反三。
III．教學(xué)計(jì)劃
本單元建議分為六課時(shí)：
第一課時(shí)：WarmingUp,Talking(Workbook)Listening（Workbook）
第二課時(shí)：Pre-reading,ReadingComprehension
第三課時(shí)：LearningaboutLanguage
第四課時(shí)：UsingLanguage
第五課時(shí)：ReadingtaskSpeakingtask(Workbook)
第六課時(shí)：ListeningtaskWritingtask(Workbook)
IV.教學(xué)步驟：
新課標(biāo)第一網(wǎng)
Period1
WarmingUp,Listening（Workbook）Talking(Workbook)
TeachingGoals:
1.ToarouseSs’interestintheknowledgeofastronomyandscience。.
2.TodevelopSs’abilityinlisteningandspeaking.
TeachingProcedures:
Step1.Leading-in
GiveSsafewminutestosaysomethingaboutsciencebyaskingthefollowingquestions.
（1.）Whoisthefirstmaninspace，doyouknow？
（2.）WhichspaceshipdidYangLiweitaketospace？
（3.）Doyouwanttogotospaceifyouaregivenachance?
Step2.WarmingUp
Purpose:TointroducethetopicofthisunittoSsintheformofaskingquestionsanddiscussion.
AsksomeSsthequestionsfirstandthengetSstodiscusswitheachother.Iftimepermits,haveoneortwogroupspresenttheiranswerstothewholeclass.
(1)Howmanysubjectsarewestudyingnow?
（2）Doyouhavesomescientificstudyingmethodstolearnthemwell?
(3)Asyousee,alargenumberofstudentswanttobecomescientistsinthefuture.Butwhatkindofqualitiesandskillsdoweneedtoberealscientists?
Step3.Talking(Workbook)
1.DivideSsintosixgroups,andaskthemtotalkabouttherequestofTalkingonP62andanswerthefollowingquestions.Differentstudentswillgivedifferentanswers.Makenotesofsomevaluableinformationandmakeaconclusionatlast.

(1)Whatnecessaryinstructionsshouldnewspacetravelersmake?
(2)Canyoumakealistofthem?

2.ShowSssomebeautifulpicturesoftheuniversityandsay,“Nowlookatthepictures.HowbeautifultheUniverseis!Itisalsofullofmysteries.HaveyoueverdreamedofflyingtothespacelikeYangLiweitounlockthemysteriesoftheuniverse?Ifyoucould,whatthingsshouldyoupayattentionto?”

3.EncourageSstogiveasmuchinformationaspossible.Afterthediscussion,writedownsomekeywordsandimportantexpressionsontheblackboardtohelpSstohavethesenseoftravelinginspace.
Conclusion:
Beforemakingatripintospace,we’dbettermakefullpreparations,suchas:collectingasmuchinformationaboutthespaceaspossible;checkingwhetheryouhavegottheproperspacesuitsornot;makingsureofallthesafetyrules;notleavingthespaceshipaloneunlessthespaceguidetellsyouto;payingattentiontorecordingsomeimportanttimeduringthespacetravelingandsoon.
Step3.Listening(Workbook)
Purpose:TodevelopSs’listeningability.
Togainsomeexperienceoftravelinginspace
1.GetSstolookthroughtheexercisesbeforegivingthemthelisteningmaterial.Atthesametimeremindthemofthenewandkeywords:astronaut,experience,instruments,pilot,airforce,rocket.
2.AskSstolookthroughthequestionsofthefirstpartandlistentothetapecarefully.Playthetapetwice.Forthefirsttime,justaskSstolistenforthegist.Forthesecondtime,askSstopreparetodotheexercises.Iftimepermits,playagaininordertogivetheclassachancetocheckorcompletetheirexercises.

Period2Pre-reading,ReadingComprehending
TeachingGoals:
1.ToenableSstobetterunderstandthetheoryabouttheoriginoftheuniverseandlifeontheearth—the“bigband”theory.
2.ToenableSstoconcernaboutthefutureoflifeontheearth.jAb88.cOM

Step1.Pre-reading
Purpose:ToarouseSs’interestinlearningaboutsomerelativeinformationabouttheuniverse.
1.ShowsomepicturestotheclassandencourageSstosaysomeinformationabouthowlifebeganontheearth.Theycansaysomerelativelegends,folktalesorscientifictheoriesaboutthetopic.
Thesolarsystemismadeupofthesunandtheobjectsthatorbitit.

Theearth’satmosphere
Forreference:
Someideasaboutthebeginningoftheuniverse:
●PanGuturnsintoamyriadof(各種)things盤古化生萬(wàn)物
●PanGuseparatestheskyfromtheearth盤古開天地
●NuWamakesmen女媧造人
ConclusionandLeading-in:
Buttheseideasareallnotthecorrectandscientificideas.Doyouknowthescientificideaofthedevelopmentofthelifeontheearth?Thenwe’dbettercometothetext.

Step2.Fastreading
Purpose:Togetthegistofthepassage.
Tocorrectlyunderstandsomeinformationgiveninthetext.
1.AskSstoreadthetextquicklyandtrytogetthemainideaofthetext.
SuggestedAnswer:
Themainideaofthetextisthetitle—Howlifebeganontheearth.
2.AskSstoworkinpairsanddiscussthequestionsofEx1onP27.Andthenletthemchecktheanswersinpairs.
Step3.Intensivereading
Purpose:togetthestudentstolearnthedetailsofthetext.
(1)Answerthequestions:
Whendidthe“BigBang”happen?
Whatformwastheearththe“BigBang”?
Whatmadeuptheearth’satmosphereaftertheearthexploded?
Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth?
Whatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoffish?
Whatmadepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth?
Whyaremammalsdifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast?
（2）Fillinthechartabouttheorderofdevelopmentoflife.

SuggestedAnswers:
①Smallplantsinwater②Shellfishandallsortsoffish③Greenplantsonland
④Insects(onland)⑤Amphibians(onlandandinwater)⑥forests⑦reptiles(onland)
⑧dinosaurs(onland)⑨mammals(onland)⑩humanbeings

Period3LearningaboutLanguage
TeachingGoals:
1.TogetSstoknowhowtousenewwordsandphrases.
2.TohelpSstomastersomenewwordsandexpressions.
3.TogetSstohavetheknowledgeofthisgrammarpoint:nounclausesasthesubject
TeachingProcedures:
Step1.Consolidation
Purpose:Toconsolidatethewordsandphrasesinthetext.
1.AskSstoworkingroupsandreadthetextagain,andthenfinishEx1andEx2onP28andchecktheanswersingroups.
2.AskSstokeepthewordstheyfilledinEx1inheart.
3.AskSstofinishEx3andthenletthemcheckeachother’sanswers.

Step2.Grammar
Purpose:TogetSstorecognizenounclausesasthesubjectandtomakesurethattheycandosomesimpleexercises.
1.DivideSsintofourgroupsandaskthemtofinishEx1ofDiscoveringUsefulStructuresonP29.Andthenletthemdrawaconclusionaboutthegrammarpoint.Seewhichgroupunderstanditbestandhaveamemberofthegrouppresentbeforetheclass.
2.Afterthepresentation,explainthegrammarpointforSs.
3.LetSscompleteEx2onpage29afterlearningthegrammar.
Purpose:TogetSstounderstandtheusageofnounclausesasthesubject.
(1)主語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序
主語(yǔ)從句要求使用陳述句語(yǔ)序，而非一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序。如：
Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.
使我感到驚訝的是這個(gè)小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。
Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.
他是如何成功的仍然是個(gè)謎。
(2)連接詞的選用
①that和what的選用
that和what都可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)某些成分可作從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，無(wú)詞義，只起連接詞作用。如：
Whathewantsisabook.他想要的是一本書。
Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.眾所周知，光線沿直線運(yùn)行。
②if和whether的選用
引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，不能用if，只能用whether。如：
Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.
我們明天是否在戶外開晚會(huì)要看天氣而定。
③其它連接代詞和副詞的選用
根據(jù)主語(yǔ)從句的具體意義，正確的選擇who,which,when,where,why,how等連接詞，這些連接詞既有疑問(wèn)含義，又起連接作用，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分。如：
Whenweshallholdoursportsmeetisnotdecided.
我們何時(shí)舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還沒(méi)有決定。
Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.
還不清楚昨天誰(shuí)打破了玻璃。
Whichcaryouwillchoosetobuymakesnodifference.
你決定買哪一輛車都不會(huì)有任何區(qū)別。
④whatever/whoever的功用
whatever,whoever在主語(yǔ)從句中不含疑問(wèn)意義。它引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho。要注意和whatever,whoever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。如：
Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.（主語(yǔ)從句）（＝Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.）
Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.（讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）（＝Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.）
(3)it構(gòu)成的主語(yǔ)從句
①由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，在大多數(shù)情況下會(huì)放到句子的后面，而用代詞it作形式主語(yǔ)。如：
Itiswell-knownthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.
眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
需要注意的是，it作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意和as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。試比較：
ItwasreportedthattheUSwasundertheterroristattack.（主語(yǔ)從句，有that，無(wú)逗號(hào)）
Aswasreported,theUSwasundertheterroristattack.（定語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)that，有逗號(hào)）
上兩句意為“據(jù)報(bào)道，美國(guó)遭到恐怖分子的襲擊”。
②常見用it作形式主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)
◆Itisafact（agoodidea/apity/ashame/nowonder/goodnews…）that…如：
It’sapitythatyoumissedthefilm.
你沒(méi)有看那部電影真是太遺憾了。
◆Itisnecessary（clear/true/strange/important/wonderful/possible/likely…）that…
需要注意的是，這類主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞很多為“（should）＋動(dòng)詞原形”，即要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
Itisnecessarythatyou（should）masterthecomputer.
你很有必要掌握電腦。
ItisimportantthatastudentlearnEnglishwell.
學(xué)生學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。
It’sclearthattheybadlyneedhelp.
很明顯，他們急需援助。
Itislikelythatahurricanewillarrivesoon.
颶風(fēng)很可能馬上就要到達(dá)了。
◆Itisreported（well-known/hoped/thought/expected/said/believed/decided/suggested/order-ed…）that…如：
Itissaidthathewaskilledintheearthquake.據(jù)說(shuō)他在地震中喪生了。
◆Itseems（happened/appears/doesn’tmatter/makesnodifference/…）that…如：
Itseemsthattheywillwinthegame.
看起來(lái)他們好像會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽。
Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhewillattendthemeetingornot.
他是否會(huì)參加會(huì)議都無(wú)關(guān)緊要
(4)主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的五種情況：
①if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。
②Itissaid/reported…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：
ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.√
ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.×
③Ithappens/occurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：
Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.√
Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.×
④Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.√
Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.×
⑤含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：
Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?√
Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?×
3.Practice
Purpose:togetthestudentstohavetheknowledgeofthegrammarthroughexercise.
(1)AskSstofindwhichofthefollowingsentencesaresubjectclauses.
Whathewantsisabook.
Itissonicethatwecanlearnthisgrammarpointtogether.
I’msogladthatIcanmakefriendswithyou.
Thisiswhyhedidit.
Doyouagreetothesuggestionthatwe(should)haveatripinTibet?
Thathewantsabookiscertain.
Isuggestedjustnowwe(should)takepartinthiscompetition.
Whetheryoulikehimornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.
Hedoesn’tknowwhetheryoucansingitwell.
Theproblemiswhetheryoucansingitwell.
Theproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasnotbeendecided.
Pleasetellmewhoyourmonitoris.
SuggestedAnswers:
主語(yǔ)從句是:①②⑥⑧,賓語(yǔ)從句為:③⑦⑨(12),而④⑩為表語(yǔ)從句，⑤(11)為同位語(yǔ)從句。

(2)AskSstochoosethebestanswerstothefollowingsentences.
①________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
A.What　B.That　C.Whoever　D.Whatever
②Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.
　A.while　B.that　C.if　D.for
③Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.
　A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknown　D.havenotbeenknown
④_____surprisedmemostwas____suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...which　D.What...which
Thesubjectof"WhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim."is_______.
　A.what　B.interestingC.Whatisinteresting　D.I
Whatapity_____is_____youdidn’tarrivebydaylight.
A.there,becauseB.it,thatC.he,whenD.that,for
⑦isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
Itisimportantthat______oureducationinallavailableways.
A.wemustdevelopB.weshalldevelopC.wewoulddevelopD.weshoulddevelop
Itisnecessarythat______bytheendoftheweek.
A.wegoteverythingreadyB.wehavegoteverythingready
C.WegeteverythingreadyD.wemustgeteverythingready
Itwasnaturalthat_______.
A.mypictureswouldsurprisethemB.mypicturessurprisedthem
C.mypicturesshouldsurprisethemD.mypictureswouldhavesurprisedthem
11.__________wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan_______wehave.
A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what
12.___________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
　A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
13.Itworriedherabit________herhairwasturninggrey.
　A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
14.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
—Isthat______youhadafewdaysoff.
　A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
15.Itwasamatterof_______wouldtaketheposition.
　A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever
16.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild________heorshewants.
　A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
17.________youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
　A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
18.Youcan’timagine________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
　A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
　C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
19.Thereisnodoubt________.
　A.thatMr.HansenisingoodhealthB.whetherisMr.Hansenhealthy
　C.ifMr.HansenshealthwasreturningD.whetherMr.Hanseninhealth
SuggestedAnswers:
①～⑤CBABC⑥～⑩BDDCC
11～15ABBAA16～19BCBA
Step3.Homework
1.AskSstoreviewthenewwordsandphrases.
2.AskSstolearntherulesofnounclausesasthesubjectbyheart.
Period4UsingLanguage
TeachingGoals:
1.ToimproveSs’listeningability.
2.ToensureSshavereallygraspedtheimportantwordsandphrasesoftheunit.
TeachingProcedures:
Step1.Listening
Purpose:TohelpSsimprovethelisteningability.
1.Pre-listening
(1)AskSstolookatthephotosofthethreegreatscientistsonP30andsaysomethingaboutthem.Thenaskthemthefollowingquestions.
①Doyouknowaboutsomebackgroundknowledgeofthesethreegreatscientists?
②Canyousaysomethingaboutthem?
(2)AskSstolookthroughEx1andEx2onP30andgetfullypreparedforlisteningtothetape.
2.Listening
(1)AskSstolistentothetapeandfinishEx1onP30.
(2)PlaythetapeagainandaskSstochecktheanswersinpairs.
(3)AskSstolistentothetapeforthethirdtimeandfinishEx2onP30.Thenhavesomeofthemexplaintheiranswers.
Step2.Reading
Purpose:TogetSstoknowabouthumanbeing’sfeelingsofvisitingthemoon.
1.Fastreading
AskSstolookthroughthetextquicklyandchoosethebestanswertothefollowingquestion.
Thepassageismainlyabout____?
A.introductionofthemoonB.thegravitythatIfeltonmywaytothemoon
C.myvisittothemoonD.myfriendYanping,anastronomer
SuggestedAnswer:C.
2.Intensivereading
AskSstoreadthetextcarefullyandfinishthefollowingexercises.
(1)Accordingtothetext,weknowthattheforceofthegravitywouldchange_____times.
A.2B.3C.4D.5
(2)Whendidtheauthorfeelstrongestofthegravityoftheearth?
A.Onthemoon.B.Onthehalfwaytothemoon.
C.AttheverybeginningD.Ontheirleavingfromthemoon
(3)Whatcausesthewritertofeelthathebecomesweightlessonthemoon?
A.SpaceshipB.GravityC.HisfriendD.HisGoodfeelingsofthemoon
(4)Fromthetextwecanknowifamangrowsuponthemoon,_____.
A.hewillgrowtallerthanontheearthB.hewillgrowshorterthanontheearth
C.hewillbecomefatterD.hewillbecomeweightless
SuggestedAnswers:(1)B(2)C(3)B(4)A
Step3.Speakingandwriting
Purpose:TogetSstolearnhowtopreparealistofthingsusedforgoingtothemoon.
TopracticethewritingabilityofSs.

1.Dividethewholeclassinto6groups.LetSsdiscusswiththeirgroupmemberswhattheymightneedtogotothemoon.Meanwhile,askonestudentofeachgrouptowritedowntheimportantpartsoftheirdiscussion.

2.AfterthediscussionSshavehadsomeknowledgeofthethingstheywouldneediftheyweregoingtothemoon.GetthemtodescribethethreewaysinwhichgravitychangedforLiYanpingandhowhisweightchanged..
3.ThenSstowriteashortpassageexplainingthreeproblemstheymightmeetonthemoonaswellasthesolutionstothesedifficulties.Beforewriting,theycanhaveadiscussion.

Step4.Consolidation
1.AskSstofinishEx2andEx3onP63～P64andletthemchecktheanswerstogether.
2.AskSstofinishthefollowingexercises.
(1)Fillintheblankswithproperwordsaccordingtothegiveninformation.
①Thescientificstudyofthestarsiscalleda______________.
②EatingtoomuchduringtheSpringFestivalcandogreath_______toourhealth.
③Thepatient’shealthisg___________improvingwiththehelpofthedoctor.
④Themixtureofgasesthatsurroundtheearthiscalleda_____________.
⑤Peoplecanfindlotsofv___________scenesinsomeAmericanfilms.
⑥Hearingtheexcitingstory,almosteveryoneintheroom_____________(爆發(fā))withlaughter.
⑦Theforest__________(延伸)asfarastheriverbank.
⑧Thewifewasmuch____________(失望的)atherhusband’sabsence.
⑨Marxwas_________(強(qiáng)迫)toleavehismotherlandforpoliticalreasons.
⑩Thereismuchdust__________(漂浮)intheair.
SuggestedAnswers:①astronomy②harm③gradually④atmosphere⑤violent⑥exploded⑦spreads⑧disappointed⑨forced⑩floating
(2)FinishthefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheChinese.
①______________________________________(使我苦惱的)isthatIhaventheardfromhimrecently.
②Donotreadbooksinthepoorlightasitis_____________________(對(duì)你的眼睛有害).
③_____________________(隨著時(shí)間的推移),wearegettingbetterwitheachother.
④_____________________________________________(我過(guò)去在工廠工作了十年)hasagreatandactiveeffectonmylife.
⑤Pleasetrytocomebackearly_______________________________.(既然一切都安排好了)
SuggestedAnswers:
①Whatmakesmeupset/annoyed②harmfultoyoureyes③Astimegoesby④ThatonceIworkedinafactoryfortenyears⑤nowthateverythinghasbeenarranged
(3)Choosethebestanswertothefollowingsentences.
①TheAmericansareeating_____vegetablestodayastheydidbefore.
A.morethantwiceB.morethantwiceasmany
C.twiceoverasmanyD.overtwiceasmuch
②Ifyoualwaysworksohardlikethis,youwill____soonerorlater..
A.breakupB.breakoutCbreakdownD.breakin
③—WillyougooutforshoppingthisSunday?
—Well,___________.
A.Iwouldliketogo.B.italldependsC.IhavealotofworktodoD.certainlynot
④Beyond_____starstheastronautsawnothingbut_____space.
A.the;/B./;theC./;/D.the;the
⑤_____youhavegotachance,youmightaswellmakeuseofit.
A.AfterB.AlthoughC.AssoonasD.Nowthat
SuggestedAnswers:①B②C③B④A⑤D
Step5.Homework
1.AskSstousethewordsandphraseslearnedinthisunittowriteashortpassageabouttheirownopinionsontravelingtospace.
2.AskSstopreviewthenextperiod.

Period56Readingtask(Workbook),
Speakingtask(Workbook),Listeningtask(Workbook)Writingtask(Workbook)
TeachingGoals:
1.ToenlargeSs’visionofspacetravel
2.ToletSsgetmoreknowledgeaboutscienceandtechnology.
3.ToimproveSs’abilityinlisteningandwriting.
4.ToletSsknowmoreaboutspacetravel.
TeachingProcedures:
Step1.Readingtask(Workbook)
1.Fastreading
AskSstoreadthetextquicklyandsilentlyandanswerthefollowingquestion
Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
SuggestedAnswers:
Itismainlyaboutwhathappenedandwhattheysawroundthe“blackhole”.
2.Intensivereading
(1)AskSstoreadthetextcarefullyandexplainwhatthe“blackhole”isaccordingtothetext.Thenhavethemwriteitdown.
(2)AskSstoreadtheformonP67andwhichoftheoldideasaboutthe“blackhole”iswrong.
SuggestedAnswers:
Thefiftholdideaiswrong,becauseobjectscanbethrownfarfromthe“blackhole”bytheenergyinthe“blackhole”.Otheroldideasareright.
(3)AskSstoimprovetheirwritingsaboutthe“blackhole”accordingtotheformonP67andchoosesomeSstoreadoldtheirwritings.

Step2.Speakingtask(Workbook)
1.DivideSsintothreegroupsandaskeachgrouptothinkofaquestionwhichtheywanttoaskLiYanpingmost.Thenwritethethreequestionsthreegroupshavepresentedontheblackboard.
Possiblequestions:
Canwesee“blackholes”withoureyes?
Ifyoucantseea"blackhole",howdidyouknowyouhadgotclosetoit?
Haveourscientistsfoundoutwhether"blackholes"willdoharmtothehumanbeingsornot?
Whatwillhappenedifwegetclosetoa“blackhole”?
Whatwasthemostunexpectedthingyoufoundoutabout“blackholes”?
Whatwasthemostfrighteningthingthathappenedtoyouonthisjourney?
Possibleanswers:

No,wecant.
Youonlyknowyouareclosetoablackholebyseeingthingsdisappearintowhatappearstobeanemptyspace.Theblackholecantbeseen.
Sofarwehaventfoundouttheycancausedamagetotheearthorhumanbeings.
Allobjectsmustgointothe"blackhole"whentheyarecaughtbyitsgravity.
Themostunexpectedthingisthatthe"blackholes"threwoutmaterialaswellasswallowingobjects.
Themostfrighteningexperience:whenthegravityofthe"blackhole"waspullingusslowlyintoits"mouth",andthenthespaceshipmovedaroundtheholeandbegantogofasterandfasterintoit;IwasterrifiedbecauseIthoughtwewouldbeswallowedbythe"hole".

2.AskSstoreadthethreequestionsofSpeakingtaskonP67anddiscussallthesixquestions.
3.AskSstoworkinpairsandmakeaninterview.Onestudentasksthequestionsandtheotheranswers.Thenchangeroles.Theycanbeginthedialoguelikethis.

S1:Goodmorning,MrLi.
S2:Goodmorning.
S1:Sinceyoulikethisjob,wouldyoumindmeansweringsomequestions?
S2:Ofcoursenot.Justgoahead.
S1:Whatwasthemostunexpectedthingyoufoundoutabout“Blackholes”?

4.Choosesomepairstopresenttheirinterviewsbeforetheclass.

Step3.Listeningtask(Workbook)
1.Pre-reading
AskSstodiscussthefollowingquestions.
(1)Ifyouareareporter,howwillyouinterviewafamousastronomer?
(2)Whatkindofquestionswillyouaskhim?
(3)Doyouwanttoexperiencetheastronautslifeinspace?
2.Listening
(1)AskSstoreadEx2ofListeningtaskonP65andthenplaythetapeandletthemfinishEx1.
(2)AskSstoreadEx2ofListeningtaskonP65andmakesuretheyknowaboutthedifferentpartsofthespacesuit.PlaythetapeagainandaskSstofinishEx2.
(3)PlaythetapefrothethirdtimeandaskSstochecktheiranswerstoEx1andEx2inpairs.

Step4.Writingtask(Workbook)
1.AskSstodiscussthefollowingquestions.
(1)Ifyoucantravelinspace,whichstarorplanetdoyouwanttoexplore?
(2)Whatwillseeduringyourspacetravel?
(3)Ifpossible,doyouwanttoapproachthe“blackhole”?
(4)Howwillyoufeelinspace?
2.AskSstowriteanarticletotellabouttheirideasandhopesforspacetravel.Theycanmakemostoftheirimagination.Remindthemtomakeamainheadingandsmallerheading.TheycanrefertothepassageonP68.
3.AsksomeSstopresenttheirwritingstotheclass.
Step5.Homework
1.AskSstowritedowntheirinterviewsontheirnotebook..
2.AskSstosurftheInternettofindsomeinformationaboutthe“blackhole”.
AskSstoreviewthisunitandpreviewthenextunit.

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高考英語(yǔ)必修3Unit4頂尖復(fù)習(xí)教案

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高一英語(yǔ)必修3Unit3Period4教案

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Unit3　TheMillionPoundBankNote
Period4　Usinglanguage:Reading,actingandspeaking
一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)
知識(shí)目標(biāo)
1.Getstudentstolearnsomeusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispart.
2.Getstudentstoreadtheplay.
3.Letstudentslearntheexpressionsoforderingfood.
能力目標(biāo)
1.Developstudents’readingskillsandenablethemtolearnhowtousedifferentreadingstrategiestoreaddifferentreadingmaterials.
2.Enablestudentstounderstandandactouttheplay.
3.Havestudentslearnhowtousetheexpressionstoorderfood.
情感目標(biāo)
1.Stimulatestudents’interestsoflearningEnglishbyreadingandactingthisplay.
2.Developstudents’senseofgroupcooperationandteamwork.
二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
1.Developstudents’readingandspeakingskills.
2.Letstudentsreadandacttheplay.
3.Havestudentslearntousetheexpressionstoorderfood.
三、教學(xué)難點(diǎn)
1.Enablestudentstolearntousereadingstrategiessuchasskimming,scanning,andsoon.
2.Getstudentstoacttheplay.
3.Havestudentsmakeadialogueattherestaurant.
教學(xué)過(guò)程
→Step1Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.AsktwostudentstoretellthecontentofActI,Scene3.intheirownwords.
→Step2Warmingup
WehavelearnedthatHenrygotaletterfromthetwooldbrothers,sopleasepredictwhatwillhappennext.
→Step3Reading
1.Readtheplayfasttounderstandthegistanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.
1)TheownerlookeddownuponHenrywhenhenoticedHenry’sappearance.
2)HenryaskedformoreofthesamefoodbecauseheisanAmericanwholiketoeatalot.
3)WhenHenrysawthemillionpoundbanknote,hewashappyandproudofit.
4)Theownerdidn’tbelievethatthebanknotewasrealandheaskedHenrytogetoutoftherestaurant.

2.Readtheplaycarefullyanddothefollowing:
1)Answerthesequestionsinsmallgroups.
(1)Whosebehaviorchangesthemostduringthisscene?Giveexamples.
(2)Whatkindofpersonistheowneroftherestaurant?
(3)WhydoyouthinktheowneroftherestaurantgaveHenryafreemeal?
2)PaymuchattentiontothedifferentattitudestowardsHenry.
BeforeHenryshowshismillionpoundbanknote:
OwnerHostessWaiter
Thatone’sreserved.
Well,wewillhavetotakeachance.
...ifyoupaythebill...Mygoodness!Heeatslikeawolf.
It’llcostatinybit.
Again,everything?
What’stheretowaitfor?

AfterHenryshowshismillionpoundbanknote:
OwnerHostessWaiter
I’msosorry,sir,sosorry.
Oh,please,don’tworry,sir.Doesn’tmatteratall.
Justhavingyousithereisagreathonor!...bow...Screams
Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!
bow
...bow...

3.Retellthestory:
Withtheenvelopeinhand,Henrydecidedtoenterarestaurantforameal.Heorderedsomehamandeggsandanicebigsteaktogetherwithatallglassofbeer.Thewaitertoldhimthemealwouldcosthimatinybit.Aftereatinghisfirstorder,Henryaskedformoreofthesame.
WhenHenryopenedtheletter,hefounditwasamillionpoundbanknote.Hewassurprisedbuttheownerandthewaiterwereshocked.Theownerwasnotsureifitwasgenuineorfake.Theycouldn’tbelieveHenrywhowasinragscouldbesorich.Atlast,thenotewasprovedtobereal.
Afterknowingthatthebillisgenuine,theownerthankedHenryagainandagainforhiscomingtohislittleeatingplaceandevenaskedHenrytoforgetthebill.Theowner,hostessandwaiterallbowedtogetherasHenryleft.

→Step4Languagepoints
1.ordern.要（叫）的菜eg.MayItakeyourorder?
n.順序，次序eg.Thebooksarearrangedinorderofsize.
n.命令eg.Soldiersmustobeyorders
v.命令eg.Theofficerorderedhissoldierstomarch
v.預(yù)定，預(yù)購(gòu)eg.Ihaveorderedasteak.
2.takeachance碰運(yùn)氣
Eg.Asforwhetherhewillwinthegameornot,wemusttakeachance.
Maybetrueloveisadecision,adecisiontotakeachancewithsomebody.
也許真愛(ài)只是一個(gè)決定，一個(gè)與某個(gè)人一起冒險(xiǎn)的決定。
3.genuineadj1)真正的，真實(shí)的，名副其實(shí)的；非人造的，非偽造的
Eg.Herweddingringismadeofgenuinediamond.
她的結(jié)婚戒指是真正的鉆石做得。
2)真誠(chéng)的，真心的，誠(chéng)實(shí)的
Mygenuinefriendisnotsuchright?
我真正的朋友不是這樣的對(duì)嗎?
3.Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount...Anyway,Idon’tthinkitcanbeafake.
我確實(shí)聽說(shuō)英格蘭銀行發(fā)行了兩張這樣面值的鈔票……不管怎樣,我覺(jué)得這不可能是假鈔。
助動(dòng)詞do或其他形式does,did在肯定句中用于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如:
IdidtellhimwhatIthoughtof.
我的確告訴過(guò)他我的想法。
can表示推測(cè),與主句中的not結(jié)合在一起,表示“不可能”。例如:
Itcan’tbeJim.Iknowhimtoowell.
不可能是吉姆,我太了解他了。
5.Buthe’sinrags!但是他穿得破破爛爛的。
介詞in后面接表示顏色或衣物等的名詞時(shí),意思是“穿著;戴著”。例如:
Thegirlingreenisagoodfriendofmine.
穿綠衣服的女孩是我的一個(gè)好朋友。
inrags衣衫襤褸
Theoldmaninragsusedtobeveryrich.
衣著襤褸的那位老人過(guò)去很富有。
6.Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit.
至于賬單嘛,先生,請(qǐng)把他忘了吧。
asfor:withregardto至于;關(guān)于
Asforyou,yououghttobeashamedofyourself.
至于你,你應(yīng)該感到慚愧。
Asforthehotel,itwasveryuncomfortableandmilesfromthesea.
至于旅館呢,非常不舒服,而且離海邊有好幾里地
→Step5Acting
1.Askstudentstolistentothetapeandroleplaythetext.RemindthemtorememberthatHenryhasanAmericanaccentwhiletheowner,thehostessandthewaitersallhaveBritishaccents.Letthempaymoreattentiontocorrectpronunciationandintonation.
2.Haveasmanygroupsaspossibletoactouttheplayinfrontoftheclass.
→Step6Speaking
1.AskstudentstoreadActⅠ,Scene4againandunderlinealltheexpressionsusedtoorderfood.Readthemaloud.
2.Showthefollowingformonthescreen.Letstudentsreadtheexpressionsaloud,andmakesuretheyunderstandtheirChinesemeanings.
WAITER/WAITRESS
CanIhelpyou?
I’lltakeyourorderinaminute.
Areyoureadytoorder,sir/madam?
Whatwouldyoulike...?
Enjoyyourmeal!
Here’syourbill.
Hereyouare.CUSTOMER
I’dlike...
I’llhave...
Doyouhave...?
Whatdoyousuggest?
I’llhavethat.
Thebill,please.
CanIhavethecheck,please?
2.Supposethesituation:Nowimagineyouarehavingagoodmealinarestaurant.Makeadialoguewithyourpartner,whoactsasawaiter/waitress.
3.Giveseveralminutesforthestudentstopreparetheirdialoguesinpairs.
4.Askasmanypairsaspossibletopresenttheirdialoguestotheclass.
→Step7Extension
Manypeoplearecrazyaboutbuyinglotterytickets(彩票).Whatdoyouthinkofit?
●Whatkindofroledoyouthinkmoneyplaysinourdailylife?
●Ismoneyeverything?
SuggestedAnswers:
Moneyisnoteverything.
Moneycanbuyahouse,butnotahome.
Moneycanbuyabed,butnotsleep.
Moneycanbuyaclock,butnottime.
Moneycanbuyabook,butnotknowledge.
Moneycanbuyyouaposition,butnotrespect.
Moneycanbuyyoumedicine,butnothealth.
Moneycanbuyafriend,butnotlove.
Moneycanbuyyoublood,butnotlife.
→Step8Homework
1.Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.
2.Actouttheplay.

教學(xué)反思
這節(jié)課的目的在于提高學(xué)生的閱讀技巧，同時(shí)運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力，重點(diǎn)掌握在餐館中可能遇到的口語(yǔ)交際語(yǔ)言。這堂課的效果不錯(cuò)，學(xué)生積極參與，但是，由于學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言儲(chǔ)備不夠，所以在口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練環(huán)節(jié)不是很流暢。很多學(xué)生不敢開口說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，因此在以后的教學(xué)中，應(yīng)該盡量幫助學(xué)生開口說(shuō)，幫助他們創(chuàng)造一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。

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高二英語(yǔ)必修3Unit4必會(huì)單詞短語(yǔ)匯總（人教版）

1.thinkof…as把……看作是......
2.acloudofenergeticdust具有能量的塵埃
3.combineinto…合成……
4.movearoundthesun環(huán)繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
5.thesolidsurface固體表面
6.explodeloudly猛烈爆炸
7.intime及時(shí)，最終
8.producethewatervapor產(chǎn)生水蒸汽
9.cooldown冷卻
10.maketheearth’satmosphere構(gòu)成了地球的大氣層
11.onthesurface在表面
12.bedifferentfrom…與……不同
13.goroundthesun環(huán)繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
14.disappearfrom…從……消失
15.stayon…存留在……
16.showone’squality顯現(xiàn)某人的特性
17.dissolveharmfulgases分解，溶解有害氣體
18.developlife發(fā)展生命
19.becomepartof…變成……的一部分
20.growinthewater在水里生長(zhǎng)
21.encouragethedevelopmentof…鼓勵(lì)……的發(fā)展
22.millionsofyearslater幾萬(wàn)年以后
23.liveonland在陸地上生活
24.liveinthesea在海里生存
25.growintoforests長(zhǎng)成森林
26.produceyoung生出幼仔
27.layeggs下蛋
28.animalswithhandsandfeet長(zhǎng)著手腳的動(dòng)物
29.movearound遷徙
30.spreadallovertheearth遍布全世界
31.goby過(guò)去，推移
32.developnewmethods發(fā)展了新的方法
33.prevent…from…防止……做……
34.escapefrom…into…從...…逃離到…...
35.dependon…依靠，依賴，取決與…
36.solveaproblem解決問(wèn)題
37.beluckyenough足夠幸運(yùn)
38.makeatrip去旅行
39.visitthemoon參觀月球
40.inthespaceship在太空飛船中
41.explainto…that…向…解釋……
42.onthejourney在旅程中
43.riseintotheair升人太空
44.beoff啟程
45.feelthepulloftheearth感覺(jué)到地球的拉力
46.call…gravity稱……為地球引力
47.push…intotheseat把……推向座位
48.say…toeachother向彼此說(shuō)……
49.fallbackto…朝……落下去
50.fallfromatree從樹上掉下來(lái)
51.falltotheground朝地上落下去
52.getcloseto…接近……
53.cheerup高興起來(lái)
54.floatweightlesslyaround失重飄來(lái)飄去
55.watch…do看著……做
56.inthespaceshipcabin太空船艙
57.movefreely自由的活動(dòng)
58.climbdownthesteps從梯級(jí)上爬下來(lái)
59.stepforward向前邁步
60.fallover摔倒
61.needpractice需要練習(xí)
62.getthehangof…掌握了……的訣竅
63.enjoyoneself過(guò)得愉快
64.leavethemoon’sgravity擺脫月球引力
65.comebackto…回到……

高一英語(yǔ)必修3Unit5教案

Unit5Canada—“TheTrueNorth”
Ｉ．單元教學(xué)目標(biāo)
技能目標(biāo)SkillGoals
TalkaboutthebasicinformationaboutCanada—location,maincities,customsandculturaldiversity.
Learnhowtoreadatravelingreportandusemaps.
Learntoexpressdirectionsandpositions.
MastertheNounClause-Appositiveclause.
Learntowriteareporttoexpresswhatyouhearandseeinaplace.
II．目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言

功
能
句
式表示方向的句式
Whereis...?
Howdoesonegoto...?
Inwhatdirectionis...?
Is...closeto/farfrom...?
Howfaris...?
表示位置的句式
Itis/liesinthenorth/southof...
Itis/liestothesouth/east/northwestof...
Itiswithin...
Kilometersof...
Itis/liesonthewest/east.
Theplaceisontheborder.
Yougoalongthecoast.
Itiseast/westof...
Itisfarawayfrom...
Onegoesnorthward.

詞匯1.四會(huì)詞匯
QuizCanadianministercontinentbaggagechatsceneryeastwardwestwardupwardsurroundharbormeasureaboardeaglewithinborderslightacreurbantopicmixmixturebushmaplefrostconfirmwealthydistancemistmistyschoolmateboothdowntownapproximatelydawnbuffetbroadnearbytraditionterrifyterrifiedpleasedimpressimpressive
2.詞組
Primeminister,ratherthan,settledown,managetodo,catchsightof,haveagiftfor,inthedistance
語(yǔ)法Nounclauseastheappositive

III．教材分析與教材重組
1.教材分析
本單元通過(guò)兩位女孩李黛玉與劉茜的加拿大之旅，向我們展示了加拿大的一些基本概況，包括它的地理位置、主要城市、風(fēng)土人情以及它的多元文化。通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)本單元，讓學(xué)生對(duì)加拿大有了更多的了解，使學(xué)生能夠用所學(xué)的詞匯與句式表達(dá)方向與位置，并學(xué)會(huì)條理地寫出旅游過(guò)程中的所見所聞。
1.1WarmingUp部分通過(guò)四組問(wèn)題激活學(xué)生有關(guān)旅行和加拿大的知識(shí)和經(jīng)歷。本單元閱讀是“在旅途中看加拿大”，因此，WarmingUp通過(guò)五個(gè)關(guān)于加拿大的問(wèn)題的測(cè)試，目的是激活學(xué)生已有的知識(shí)，為介紹加拿大做好準(zhǔn)備。
1.2Pre-reading部分通過(guò)四個(gè)問(wèn)題激活學(xué)生有關(guān)旅行的經(jīng)歷和有關(guān)加拿大的知識(shí)，使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生了解加拿大的興趣，為閱讀做好準(zhǔn)備。
1.3Reading部分是“在旅途中看加拿大”，沿著從西向東的旅游路線向我們介紹了加拿大的面積、地貌、主要城市、人口、生態(tài)環(huán)境等。兩位女孩在旅途中看到了自然美景及野生動(dòng)物，文章還介紹了加拿大的自然資源，讓學(xué)生對(duì)加拿大的美麗、富饒、幅員遼闊、地廣人稀有了更深的了解。學(xué)生可以通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)課文掌握新的詞匯、句型和游記的寫法，提高學(xué)生的閱讀能力。
1.4Comprehending部分設(shè)計(jì)了三種題型，前兩個(gè)題是對(duì)Reading部分細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容的理解，一個(gè)是問(wèn)答題，一個(gè)是改錯(cuò)題。最后是在地圖上標(biāo)出兩位女孩的旅游路線，相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單一些。此部分不僅檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的把握，還要求學(xué)生列舉加拿大蘊(yùn)藏的兩種自然資源，而且檢測(cè)學(xué)生根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理和判斷的能力以及讀圖能力。抓住文中人物的行蹤，就能夠很好地把握文中的信息。
1.5LearningaboutLanguage部分首先是構(gòu)詞法，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生詞匯生成能力，旨在通過(guò)加上前綴或后綴的方法擴(kuò)大學(xué)生的詞匯量。第二部分使用課文中的詞匯和信息進(jìn)行填空和編對(duì)話，旨在提高學(xué)生活用詞匯的能力。語(yǔ)法部分是有關(guān)同位語(yǔ)從句的練習(xí)。
1.6UsingLanguage部分綜合訓(xùn)練聽說(shuō)讀寫的能力。通過(guò)聽力填空及討論的形式進(jìn)一步了解有關(guān)加拿大的知識(shí)——居民和語(yǔ)言。閱讀部分繼續(xù)加拿大之旅，從多倫多到蒙特利爾，介紹了加拿大的旅游景點(diǎn)及風(fēng)土人情。寫作部分要求以報(bào)告的形式寫旅游見聞，要求學(xué)生掌握旅游報(bào)告的寫作方法。
1.7SummingUp部分要求學(xué)生就內(nèi)容、詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行歸納，對(duì)本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)。
2.教材重組
2.1Reading(I)：從話題內(nèi)容和功能上分析WarmingUp，Pre-readingReading與Post-reading話題相同，可以整合成一節(jié)閱讀課。
2.2Reading(II)：可將Usinglanguage中的Reading與Workbook中ReadingTask放在同一節(jié)課中處理，再上一節(jié)閱讀課。因?yàn)樵掝}都是關(guān)于加拿大的城市與風(fēng)土人情的。
2.3Listening：可將UsingLanguage中的ListeningandWriting,Speaking,Workbook中的Listening(P69)與Workbook中的ListeningTask三個(gè)活動(dòng)整合成一節(jié)“聽力課”。
2.4Speaking:把LearningaboutLanguage中的Exercise4Makingupadialogue(P36)與Workbook中的Talking(P69)和SpeakingTask（P74）整合一節(jié)“口語(yǔ)課”。
2.5Learningaboutlanguage:將Learningaboutlanguage(P36Exercise4除外)與Workbook中的Usingwordsexpressions（P70）和Usingstructures（P71）結(jié)合在一起，上一節(jié)“語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)課”。
2.6Writing可將UsingLanguage中的Writing(P39)與Workbook中的WritingTask(P74)整合成一節(jié)寫作課。
3.課型設(shè)計(jì)與課時(shí)分配(經(jīng)分析教材,本單元可以用六課時(shí)教完)
1stperiod:Reading(I)
2ndperiod:Reading(II)
3rdperiod:Listening
4thperiod:Speaking
5thperiod:LearningaboutLanguage
6thperiod:Writing
Ⅳ.分課時(shí)教案

TheFirstPeriodReading(I)
Teachinggoals教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1.Targetlanguage目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言
a.重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語(yǔ)
ratherthan,baggage,scenery,eastward,chat,surround,harbor,measure,aboard,haveagiftfor,within,managetodo,catchsightof,eagle,acre,urban
b.重點(diǎn)句子
2.Abilitygoal能力目標(biāo)
LearnhowtodescribetheplacesthatLiDaiyuandLiuQianvisitinCanada.
Understandthenounclauseusedasappositive.
EnablethestudentstounderstandthedetailsofthepassageaboutCanadaandfindthecorrectanswerstothequestionsinthepost-reading.
3.Learningabilitygoals學(xué)能目標(biāo)
Improvethestudents’readingability-guessingwords,searchingforinformation.
LearntheinformationaboutCanada.
Mastertheexpressionsfordescribingdirectionsandlocations.
Teachingimportantpoints教學(xué)重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)
a.Findtheanswerstothequestionsinpost-reading.
Learnthemethodsofwritingatravelingreportabout.
b.Understandtheuseofnounclause-appositiveclause.
Learntoreadthetravelingreportaccordingtothetravelingroute.
Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法
1．Skimmingandscanning;
2．Asking-and-answeringactivities;
3．Listeningmethod.
Teachingaids教具準(zhǔn)備
Acomputer,aprojectorandataperecorder.
Teachingproceduresways教學(xué)過(guò)程與方式

Step1Revision
Checkthestudents’homework.
T:Beforewecometothenewlesson,let’scheckyourhomework.
Theteachercheckstheassignmentofthelastclass.

Step2Lead-inandWarmingUp
Showthestudentsthemapleflagandaskthemsomequestions.
T:Doyouknowwhichcountryusesthisnationalflag?
Ss:Canada.
T:WhichcontinentisCanadain?
Ss:ItisinNorthAmerica.
T:Howlargeisit?
Ss:Ionlyknowitisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.Idon’tknowtheexactnumber.
T:Canadaoccupiesanareaof9,978,4670squarekilometers.ItisabitbiggerthanChina.Whichcountryisitsneighbor?
Ss:TheUnitedStates.

(TheteachershowsamapofCanadatothestudents.)
T:Right.TheUnitedStateisitsneighbor.Canadaisabeautifulcountry.

Step3Pre-reading
T:NowIwanttoaskyouaquestion.Doyouliketraveling?
Ss:Yes,weliketravelingverymuch.(No,Idon’tliketraveling.Itistiring.)
T:Iknowmostofusliketraveling.Haveyoueverbeenabroad?
Ss:No/Yes.
T:Fewofushaveeverbeenabroad.Thenwhatisthelongesttripyouhaveevertaken?
Sa:Beijing(Shanghai/Hainan/Harbin).
Sb:Ihaveneverbeenoutofmyhometown.
T:Ifyougetachancetogoabroad,whichthreecountrieswouldyouliketovisitmost?Why?
Sc:IwouldliketogotoFrench,AustraliaandIreland.IthinkFrenchisfullofromanticsandtherearemanybeautifulbuildings.Australiaisfamousforitsbeautifulsceneryandpeopleareveryfriendly.Irelandisalsobeautiful.Iwanttowalkalongtheroadsofthecountryside.
Sd:IthinkIwilltravelinchinafirst,becauseChinaismymotherlandandsheisverybeautiful.IwouldalsoliketogotoCanadasothatIcanseethelargeandbeautifullakes,andthere’sthewonderfulsnowscenery.IalsofeellikepayingavisittoAustraliabecausetherearemanysheepandrareanimalsthere.
T:Verygood.Weloveourmotherland,butifwewanttomakeourcountrymorebeautifulandmoredeveloped,weshouldknowmoreabouttheothercountries.Herearetwoquestions.Youmayaskyourpartnerforanswersandgiveyouranswerstohim/her.
Showthequestionsonthescreenorontheblackboard.
IfyoutakeatriptoCanada,whatdoyouexpecttosee?
WhatthreewordswouldyouusetodescribeCanada?

Theteachercanasksomepairstotelltheirideasinclass.
T:Who’dliketotellusyouropinions?
Sa:Iwanttoseethemountainsandtheforests.Canadaisbeautiful,wideandpeoplearefriendly.
Sb:Iwanttoseethebigsnowandpolarbears,threewordslarge,cleanandmysterious.
T:Aretheyright?Youcanfindtheanswersinthetext.LiDaiyuandLiuQianwilltakeustovisitCanada.PleaseturntoPage34,read“ATripontheTrueNorth”.

Step4Fastreading
Getthestudentsreadthepassagequicklyandcarefully.Meanwhile,helpthestudentsformagoodhabitofreading.T:Doyoufeelpuzzledwhenyoureadthetitle?Whatis“theTrueNorth”?Now,readthepassageandgetthegeneralideaofthepassage.Underlinethemainplacesmentionedinthetext.
GivetheSsfiveminutesforreading.
Fiveminuteslater.
T:Timeisup.Haveyoufinished?
Ss:Yes,wehave.
T:Thefirstquestioniswhatthepassageismainlyabout?
Sa:Thepassageisaboutatripoftwogirls,andittellsussomeinformationaboutCanada.
T:Right.ItmainlytellsustheinformationaboutCanada.Whatarethemainplacesmentionedinthetext?
Sb:TheyaretheAtlanticcoast,Vancouver,RockyMountains,Calgary,ThunderBay,LakeSuperiorandToronto.
T:LookatthemaponPage33.Drawthetravelingrouteofthetwogirlsonthemap.
Givethestudentsoneminutetodrawtheroute.
T:Youdidagoodjob.Doyouhaveanydifficultyinreading?Let’slookatthedifficultpointstogether.
Theteacherexplainssomeimportantordifficultpointstothestudents.

Step5Readingaloud
Letthestudentsreadthepassageagainandfindthedetailsfromthepassage.
T:NowyoureadthequestionsonPage35first,andthenreadthetextaloudtofindtheanswerstothequestions.Afterawhile,answerthequestionsincompletesentenceswithoutlookingatyourbooks.
Givethestudentsafewminutestoreadandfindanswers.Thenasksomestudentstogivetheiranswers.
Suggestedanswers:
1.Whichcontinentarethecousinscrossing?
TheyarecrossingNorthAmerican.
2.WhyaretheynotflyingdirectlytotheAtlanticcoast?
TheyarenotflyingdirectlytotheAtlanticCoastbecausetheywanttotakethetrainfromwesttoeastacrossCanada./TheywanttoseeCanada./TheywanttotravelacrossCanada.
3.Whatis“TheTrueNorth”?
“TheTrueNorth”isthetrainthatrunsthroughCanada.
4.WhyisthepopulationofVancouvergrowingsorapidly?
ThepopulationofVancouvergrowingsorapidlybecauseitisbeautiful.
5.WhathappensattheCalgaryStampede?
AttheCalgaryStampedecowboyscompeteinridingwildhorsesforthousandsofdollars.
6.HowareoceanshipsabletoreachthecentreofCanada?
ShipsareabletoreachthecentreofCanadabecausetheycanfollowtheStLawrenceRiverandtheGreatLakes.
7.WhataresomeofCanada’sgreatestnaturalresources?
Canadahaswaterfromitslakesandriversandwoodfromitsforests.

Step6Homework
1.Remembertheunderlinedsentences.
2.WriteashortpassagetoreportwhatLiDaiyuandLiuQiansawinCanada.

PeriodtwoExtensivereading
Teachinggoals教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1.Targetlanguage目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言
a.重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ)
figure,figureout,terrify,official,maple,frost,wealthy,tour,distance,flow,booth,downtown,asfaras,dawn,broad
b.重點(diǎn)句子
1.TheywerenotleavingforMontrealuntillater...
2.It’stoobadyoucan’tgoasfarasOttawaCanada’scapital.
3.It’saboutfourhundredkilometersnortheastofToronto,soitwouldtaketoolong.
4.AstheysatinacafélookingoverthebroadSt.LawrenceRiver,ayoungmansatdownwiththem.
5.Inthedistance,theycouldseethemistycloudthatrosefromthegreatNiagaraFalls,whichisonthesouthsideofthelake.
6.Istayasfarawayfrompolarbearsaspossible.
2.Abilitygoal能力目標(biāo)
Enablethestudentstoknowmoreinformationaboutcities:Toronto,MontrealandIqaluit.
3.Learningabilitygoals學(xué)能目標(biāo)
Teachthestudentshowtodescribeacitywiththetargetlanguageandfunctionalsentences.
Teachingimportantpoints教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
FindthecorrectinformationaboutcitiesofCanadaaccordingtothequestions.
Teachingdifficultpoints教學(xué)難點(diǎn)
Howtowritethetravelingreport.
Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法
a.Skimmingmethod;
bScanning;
c.Task-basedapproachlistening.
Teachingaids教具準(zhǔn)備
Arecord,aprojectorandacomputer.
Teachingproceduresandways教學(xué)過(guò)程與方式

Answerthequestionsaboutthepassage.
1.HowdoweknowitisfallinCanada?
WeknowitisfallinCanadabecausethemapletreesareredandgoldandoranges,andthereisfrostontheground.
2.WhatcansometimesbeseenfromtheCNTowerinToronto?
SometimesthemistycloudthatrisesfromNiagaraFallscanbeseenfromtheCNTower.
3.Wheredoesthewaterfromthelakego?
ThewaterfromthelakegoesintotheNiagaraRiverandoverthefallsonitswaytothesea.
4.WhichdirectionisthetraingoingfromToronto?
Thetrainisgoingeast(northeast)fromToronto.
5.WhatthreethingsshowusthatMontrealisaFrenchcity?
Goodcoffee,goodbreadandgoodmusicshowthatMontrealisaFrenchcity.AlsothesignsandadswereinFrench.

[NextPage]

PeriodthreeGrammar
Teachinggoals教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1.Targetlanguage目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言
a.重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語(yǔ)
multicultural,figure,figureout,terrify,official,makecomments
b.重點(diǎn)句子
Theideathattheywouldcrossthewholecontinentwasexciting.
Thefactthatoceanshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.
TheideathatyoucancrossCanadainlessthanfivedaysisjustwrong.
2.Abilitygoals能力目標(biāo)
Learnnewwordsbyaddingprefixesorsuffixestoaword.
Learnnounclauseusedasappositives.
3.Learningabilitygoals學(xué)能目標(biāo)
Learnhowtomakenewwords.
Learnwhatisnounclauseandhowtouseit.
Teachingimportantpoints教學(xué)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)
Broadenvocabularybyaddingprefixesorsuffixes.
Learnnounclausesusedasappositives.
Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法
a.Studyindividually;
b.practice.
Teachingaids教具準(zhǔn)備
Acomputerandaprojector.
Teachingproceduresways教學(xué)過(guò)程與方式

同位語(yǔ)從句
1.概念:
在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。
2.功能:
同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。
3.用法:
常跟的抽象名詞有:fact/idea/reason/thought/order/doubt/news/hope/truth/belief…
4.連詞
that/whether/who/which/what/when/where/why/how
同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別:
1.從詞類上區(qū)別
同位語(yǔ)從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞，而定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞,代詞,主句的一部分或是整個(gè)主句。
Hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon.
Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.
據(jù)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)出國(guó)了。
Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.
我們的隊(duì)贏了,這讓我們很高興。
(定語(yǔ)從句)
2.從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別
　定語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇，如:
Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.
我們隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真的。
(同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明news到底是一個(gè)什么消息)
Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.
昨天他告訴我的那個(gè)消息是真的。
(定語(yǔ)從句,news在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ))
3.從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別
　有些引導(dǎo)詞如how,whether,what可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.
我們是否需要它這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有考慮。
(同位語(yǔ)從句)
引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中一般作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(指物時(shí)還可以用which代替),并且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常省略，that在同位語(yǔ)從句中僅起連接作用,不充當(dāng)任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which來(lái)代替，如:
Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.
我們應(yīng)派幾個(gè)人去幫別的幾個(gè)小組的命令昨天收到了。
(同位語(yǔ)從句,是對(duì)order的具體解釋,that雖不作成分,但不能省略)
Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.
我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的幾個(gè)小組。
(定語(yǔ)從句,是名詞order的修飾語(yǔ),that在從句中作received的賓語(yǔ),可以省略)

PeriodfourSpeaking
Speakingandwritingonpage39
A:Hi,LiDaiyuandLiuQian!Welcomebackfromyourtrip!Howwasit?
B:Oh,itwasGREAT!WetookthetripfromthewestcoastofCanadaallthewaytotheeastcoast.Itwasoneofthebestexperiencesofmylife!
C:Really?Whatwasyourfavouritethingaboutthetrip?
B:That’sahardquestiontoanswer!Thereweresomanythings.OnethingthatimpressedmethemostwastheRockyMountainsinthewestofCanada.
A:WhywereyousoimpressedbytheRockyMountains?
B:Theywereamazing-sotallandcleanandcoveredwithpurewhitesnowatthetops.Ifeltverysmallcomparedtothegreatmountainheights.
C:Howaboutyou,LiuQian?DidyouhaveafavouriteexperienceinCanada?
D:Yes!IlovedthecityofMontreal.ItsculturewassodifferentfromtherestofwhatwesawinCanada.
A:Whatwassodifferentaboutit?
D:EverythingwasinFrench!Thesigns,theadvertisements…everything!Icouldn’treadanyofit!
C:Howwasthefood?IhearthatFrenchcultureisfamousforitsfood!
D:Thefoodwasprettygood–Ididn’tpayattentiontoitverymuch,exceptthebread.Thebreadwasreally,reallygood!

背景知識(shí)
BackgroundinformationaboutCanada加拿大文化
Locationandarea位置與面積
CanadaissituatedinthenorthernhalfoftheNorthAmericaContinentintheWestHemisphere.Itstretchesover5，500kilometersfromtheAtlanticOceantothePacificandover4,600kilometersfromthenortherntipOfEllesmerelandtotheUnitedStatesborder．TheCountryoccupiesanareaof9,984,670squarekilometers，whichisalittlebitlargerthanChina．
TheUnitedStates，theonlycountryadjacenttoCanadaonland，istothesouthofCanada．Theborderlinesharedbythetwocountriesisaslongasmorethan5,500kilometers，andthisborderlineisundefended．CitizensOfbothcountriescancrosstheborderwithoutavisa．OntheotherthreesidesCanadaissurroundedbywater．TotheeastOfthecountryistheAtlanticOcean，andtothewest，thePacificOcean.TheArcticOceanistothenorthofthecountry.
Populationandraces人口與民族
Canadaisacountrywithalargeterritory,butwithasmallpopulation.Thepopulationofthecountryisonly25,000,000people.SinceCanadaisacountrymadeupmainlyofimmigrants,itspeoplehavediverselydifferentethnicorigins.ThetwolargestgroupsaremadeupofpeopleoftheFrenchandEnglishorigins.IndiansandInuit,thenativepeople,madeuponly1.2%ofCanada’stotalpopulation.MostCanadiansbelieveinCatholicityandChristianity.
Officiallanguages官方語(yǔ)言
EnglishisCanada’sfirstofficiallanguage,andtheotherisFrench.
Capital首都
Canadacomposestenprovincesandtwoterritories.Anditisafederationofprovinces.ThecapitalofCanadaisOttawa.
Nationalanthem加拿大國(guó)歌
ThetitleoftheNationalAnthemofCanadais“O,Canada”加拿大的國(guó)歌由卡力沙拉瓦雷(CalixaLavalee)作曲、阿多爾夫貝西盧提爾(AdolpheBasileRouthier)作詞，1880年首次被演唱。國(guó)歌的歌詞原先只有法文，1908年，羅伯特斯坦利維爾寫了英文詞。1980年7月1日加拿大政府宣布《啊，加拿大》為正式國(guó)歌，并在首都渥太華舉行了國(guó)歌命名儀式。因此，加拿大的國(guó)歌有英、法兩種歌詞。
加拿大的英文歌詞及中文大意是：
OCanada!Ourhomeandnativeland!
Truepatriotloveinallthysonscommand.
Withglowinghearts,weseetheerise,
TheTrueNorthstrongandfree!
Fromfarandwide,OCanada,
Westandonguardforthee.
Godkeepsourlandgloriousandfree!
OCanada,westandonguardforthee.
啊，加拿大！我們的祖國(guó)，我們的家鄉(xiāng)！
您的子女對(duì)您充滿真愛(ài)！
顆顆閃亮的心兒深情凝望，
那一片強(qiáng)大自由的北方！
啊，加拿大！無(wú)論身處何地，
我們都保衛(wèi)您。
上帝使我們的祖國(guó)自由輝煌！
啊，加拿大！我們保衛(wèi)您！

Nationalflag加拿大國(guó)旗
ThenationalflagofCanadaispopularlycalledtheMapleLeafFlag.That’sbecauseitsmostoutstandingfeatureisthelargemapleleafinthemiddleagainstasnow-whitebackground.
Nationalemblem加拿大國(guó)徽
ThereareactuallytwonationalemblemsofCanada.ThefirstoneistheCanadianbeaver,acleverandhardworkingsemi-aquaticanimal.Itsuseasthenationalemblemcandatebacktotheearlyseventeenthcentury.ThesecondnationalemblemofCanadaistheCanadianmapleleaf,whichusedasthenationalsymbol,hasashorterhistory,datingbackonlytothemidnineteenthcentury.InCanada,youmayfindthatthereisalwaysamapleleafsymbolontheirbusinesscardsofmostCanadiangovernmentofficials.
TheleaderofCanada加拿大的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)
AsCanadaisamemberoftheBritishCommonwealth,theQueenoftheUnitedKingdom,QueenElizabethII,isalsotheQueenofCanadaandtheHeadoftheCommonwealth,i.e.,theHeadofStateofCanada.Actually,theQueenisawayfromCanadamostofthetime.Duringherabsence,theGovernorGeneralrepresentsherastheHeadofState.
TheHeadoftheCanadianGovernmentisthePrimeMinister.
Climate,industryandagriculture氣候,工業(yè)及農(nóng)業(yè)
TheeasternpartofCanada,thecountry’sindustrialarea,isplain.Itiscoldhereandthecoastiszigzag.Themiddlewesternpartofthecountryisaprairie,andtheclimateinthisareaistypicallycontinental.Itisthemajoragriculturalareaofthecountrywhichpeopleusedtocallthe"granary"ofCanada.WesternCanada,whichisanareafortimber,miningandfishing,isnotverycold.WaterfreezesinriversandlakesformosttimeoftheyearinNorthernCanada,wherethepopulationdensityisverylow.TheareaismainlyinhabitedbyIndiansandInuit.TheNorthwestTerritories,whichstretchesfromtheYukonborderinthewesttoBaffinIslandintheeast,isnowregardedastheroofofCanada.Thecountry’shighestmountain,MountLogan,whichhasaheightof5,951meters,issituatedinhere.Theregion’smostnortherlyislandsreachwithin820kilometersoftheNorthPole.
Riversandlakes河流和湖泊
ThesurfaceofCanadaiswell-markedwithlakesandrivers.Watersurfacesaccountforalmost10%ofCanada’stotalarea.BesidestheGreatLakes,ofCanada’sshareisnearly88,060squarekilometers.ItisestimatedthattherearetensofthousandsoflakesofallshapesandsizeinCanada.
Canadaalsohasmanyrivers.ThelargestandlongestriverinthearcticdrainageareaistheMackenzieRiver,measuring4,320kilometers.ThelargestriversdrainingtothePacificOceanaretheYukon,theFraserandtheColumbia.ThelargestriverintheAtlanticdrainageistheSt.LawrenceRiver.
Ofallcountriestheworldover,Canadahasprobablythemostextensiveandirregularcoastline.OnthethreeoceansandHudsonBay,ittotals100,000kilometers.
TheclimateofCanadaisundertheinfluenceofthreegreatairmasses:cold,usuallydryairfromthearcticregion;warm,moistairfromtheGulfofMexicoandtheAtlanticOceanandthemild,moistairfromtheNorthPacificOcean.Sometimes,afourthairmass,originatingoverthedesertsofsouthwesternUnitedStates,mayinvadesouthernCanadainmid-summer,causingextendedhotdryperiodsinthisarea.
Onthebasisoftemperatureandmoistureconditions,andthelengthofthegrowingseasons,Canadacanbedividedintoseveralclimaticregions:theArcticRegion,theNorthernRegion,thePrairieRegion,theCordilleraRegion,thePacificRegionandtheSoutheasternRegion.
Fourseasons加拿大的四季
Generallyspeaking,Canadaisacountrywithfourcomparativelyclear-cutseasonalvariations.Springisshortandusuallybeginsinmid-Marchandendsinmid-May.ItisregardedasatransitionalseasoninCanada.Summerislongerthanspring,lastingforaboutfourmonthsinplacesneartheUS-Canadianborder,frommid-Maytomid-September.SummerisconsideredtobethegoldentimefortravelingandvacationinCanada.Autumnisbriefbutspectacular,beginningfrommid-Septembertomid-November.WinteristhelongestseasoninmostofCanada,prolongingfrommid-Novembertomid-Marchthenextyear.Butinsomeplaceswintercanlastforaslongaseighttotenmonths.
Naturalresources自然資源
Canadaisrichinnaturalresources,especiallyrichinforests.TheforestedareaofCanadahasbeenestimatedatabout4,404,000squarekilometers,whichisabout44%oftheworldtotal.
Canadaisacountrywithalargeterritory.Althoughonlyabout7%ofthelandissuitableforfarmingtherearestillmillionsofhectaresoffertilesoil.About80%ofCanada’sfarmandisintheprairie,whichisconsideredtobeoneoftheworld’slargestgranaries.Thewesternprovincesofthecountryalsohaveranchesforraisingbeefcattle.MixedfarmingisfoundintheSt.Lawrencelowlands.
AlmostallmineralsnecessarytomoderneconomyarefoundintheCanadiansubsoil.Canadaisamajorworldproducerofnickel,zinc,asbestos,potash,gold,copperandironore.Itisalsoamajorworldsupplierofuraniumandisvirtuallyself-sufficientincoal.Forreasonsofgeographyandeconomics,Canadaisnotexporterofenergybutalsoanetimporterofoil.Butrecently,petroleumandnaturalgashavebeenfoundinAlbertaProvinceofthecountry.
Canadaisalsorichinwaterresources.About70%ofallelectricpowerinthecountryisgeneratedbywater.ItisestimatedthatCanadianriverscarryone-tenthofthewatercarriedbytheworld’swaterways,andthishasenabledCanadatobecomealeaderinthedesignandconstructionofhydroelectricpowerstationsandelectricaltransmissionanddistributionsystems.
SinceCanadaisacountryrichinforest,wheremanyanimalsdwell,itisalsorichinwildanimalresource,particularlyinfur-bearinganimals.Andthisenablesthecountrytobecomeoneoftheworld-knownfur-tradingcountries.
CanadaalsohasgoodfishinggroundsoffthecoastsbothoftheAtlanticOceanandofthePacificOcean.Thecountryisrichinfishresources.
InCanada,agricultureisstillofgreatimportancetothevariousregionaleconomiesandtotheeconomyasawhole.Followingthemechanizationandenlargementoffarms,thenumberofpersonsengagedinagriculturehassteadilydeclined.AsintheUnitedStates,greaterproductionhascomefromfewerpeople,owingtoimprovedvarieties,bettertillagepractices,chemicalweedkillersandincreaseduseoffertilizers.ItissaidthatthegrainwhichoneCanadianfarmercanproduceisenoughtofeedfifty-fivepeople.
Canada’smajorindustriesincludeforestindustry,fisheries,miningandmetallurgicalindustry,petroleumindustry,electricpowergeneratingindustryandmanufacturingindustries.
BecauseofCanada’srichforestresources,theforestindustriesplayanimportantroleinthecountry’seconomy.Themajoraspectsofforestindustryincludeloggingindustry,lumberandplywoodmanufacturingindustryandpulpandpaperindustry.
OwingtothegoodfishinggroundsoffthecoastsbothoftheAtlanticOceanandofthePacificOcean,Canada’sfisheryisquitedeveloped.Ithasafishingfleetofabout40,000vessels,mostofwhichoperateintheseafisheries.Thetotalamountofyearlyfishlandingisabout1.5milliontons.
Besides,theelectricpowergeneratingindustryandthemanufacturingindustriesarealsoofgreatimportanceinthecountry’seconomy.ThetotalgeneratingcapacityofCanada’spowerstationsandplants,includinghydroelectricpowerstationsandthevarioustypesofthermalgeneratingplants,isabout100,000MWperyear,amongwhichabout65%aregeneratedbythehydro-powerstations.ThemostimportantmanufacturingindustriesinCanadaarethepetroleumrefiningindustry,andthemotorvehiclemanufacturingindustry.
Transportation交通
Canadahasanetworkoftransportation.Routesisasimpressiveasitisindispensabletoacontinent—widecountrywithahighlymobilepopulation.
LinkingthetwocoastsistheTrans—CanadaHighway,some9,600kilometerslong.TheshipsontheSt.LawrenceSeawayandtherailway(95,000kilometersoftrack)continuetobethebulkcarriers.Busesandprivatecarsdominatepassengertravelofshorterdistances,whileairlinesnowprovidetheprincipalmeansoftravelacrossCanada.
Thecountry’s“nervoussystem”todayisitshighlysophisticatedtelecommunicationsweb.TheCanadiantelephonenetworkoperatesthetwolargestmicrowavecircuitsintheworld.Besides,therearealsohundredsoftelevisionandradiostationsoriginatingprogramsinCanadawithseveralhundredsmorebroadcastingstations.
Characterofthepeople民族特點(diǎn)
Canadaisaverysparselypopulatedcountry.Itisestimatedthatthepopulationdensityofthecountryis2.6peoplepersquarekilometer(China’spopulationdensityisover130peoplesquarekilometer.)Thereisnopermanentsettlementinapproximately89%ofCanada’sterritory.Itissaidthatover90%ofCanadian—U.Sborder.Furthermore,about75%oftheCanadianslivewithin160kilometersoftheborder.ItisevidentthatinCanada,thefurthernorththeareais,themoresparsethepopulation.
ThelifeexpectancyofaCanadianisatpresent76.3years,whichisoneofthelongestintheworld.TheaveragemaleCanadiancanexpecttolivetoonly72years,whereastheaveragefemaleCanadiancanexpecttolivetoover79years.Longlifeexpectancyindicatesthatthecountry’spopulationisgettingolder.Itisestimatedthatwiththelengtheningoflifeexpectancy,intheyearof2001A.D,thenumberofoldpeopleinCanadawillreach14percentofthecountry’stotalpopulation.ThismeansthatCanadawillbecomeacountryofagedpeople.
TheCanadianpeopleareanationwithsharpcharacteristics.Ingeneral,Canadianscanbedescribedasintelligent,hardworking,friendly,hospitable,open,reasonableandleastdogmatic.Butinfluencedbysomehistoricalfactors,someCanadiansdonotthinkhighlyofthemselves.Onthewholetheyareallmodest,whichmakesiteasierforthemtogetonwellwithothers.MostCanadiansarewillingtohelpstrangers.Ifyouareinneedofanyhelp,theywillbemosthappytolendyouahand.
Education教育
WhatisdifferentfromothercountriesisthatthereisnotafederalministerofeducationinCanada.AccordingtotheBritishNorthAmericanAct,educationisaprovincialandnotafederalgovernmenthasnoministryofeducation.Insteadofanationalministryofeducationthereareprovincialministriesofeducationortheirequivalents,whichareresponsibleforthemanagementoftheireducationinCanada,thefederalgovernmentisstilldeeplyinvolvedineducation.First,ithastheresponsibilityofmaintainingschoolsfornativepeopleandforchildrenofservicepersonneloverseas.Secondly,isisresponsibleforrunningandmaintainingcollegeforthethreeservicesofthearmy,thenavyandtheairforce.Thirdly,itgivesfinancialsupporttoprogramsofadultoccupationtrainingandretraining.Inaddition,italsofinancessomeoftheprogramsofpost-secondaryeducation.
InCanada,over80%ofitspopulationhavehadatleastanine-gradeschoolingandover35%ofthemhavebeentoapost-secondaryinstitutionofhigherlearning.
InCanadatherearemainlythreekindsofschools:thepublicschool,theseparateschoolandtheprivateschool.Publicschoolsareusuallyprovincially-supported,nondenominationalschools.AlltheCanadianchildrenareentitledtofreeeducationinpublicschools.“Separateschools”oftenrefertoreligiousschools,whicharerunbytheRomanCatholicChurchandinreturn,foritsservice.Privateschoolsaresetupforspecificeducationalorsocialpurposes.
Maincities主要城市
Ottawa
Ottawaisthenationalcapitalwithapopulationof750,000.ThecityiscenteredonCanadiangovernmentbuildings,especiallytheParliamentBuildingsandConferderationSquareinfrontofthem.
Toronto
TodayTorontoreplacesMontrealasthelargestmetropolisofCanadapopulatedbyover3millionpeople.Thecityhasachievednewprominenceinfinance,popularartsandculture.Itsskylinehassproutedbanks.ManyCanadiansbanksandcompanieshaveheadofficesinToronto.