高中主謂一致教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2021-04-302012年中考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí):動(dòng)詞主謂一致。
做好教案課件是老師上好課的前提,大家在用心的考慮自己的教案課件。在寫好了教案課件計(jì)劃后,才能更好的在接下來(lái)的工作輕裝上陣!那么到底適合教案課件的范文有哪些?下面是小編幫大家編輯的《2012年中考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí):動(dòng)詞主謂一致》,僅供參考,歡迎大家閱讀。
有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的重點(diǎn):只有動(dòng)詞才能作謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞分為行為動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等。
(一)聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞:be,become(成為),turn(變顏色),grow(變天氣),look,smell,taste,
sound(good√,well×),seem,feel。
(二)有關(guān)use的詞組:①usedtodo過(guò)去常常作,beusedtodoing習(xí)慣于。
1.---MyauntgoestoclimbmountGueverySunday.
---Oh!Butshe________hateclimbingmountain.
A.usedtoB.usetoC.usestoD.isusedto
2.Lileiisusedtogettingearly.
注意:usedtodo的否定式為usednottodo或didn’tuseto
疑問(wèn)式為:Didsbuseto?或usedsb…?
②人+usesthfordoing=人+usesthtodo用某物做…
其被動(dòng)形式為:物+beusedtodo=物+beusedfordoing
Peopleusestoneforbuildinghouses=Peopleusestonetobuildhouses.
Stoneisusedforbuildinghouses=Stoneisusedtobuildhouses.
(三)can’t表示“不可能”即否定性推測(cè)。mustn’t禁止、不可能;
must“一定”表示肯定性推測(cè);must引起的問(wèn)句,其否定回答為needn’t.
1.Theman_______beLiLei.
LiLeihasgonetoBeijing.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.maynotD.needn’t
2.Alotofcarsarecomingandgoing.You_______goacrossthestreet.
A.needn’tB.maynotC.mustn’tD.must
3.MustIreturnthebooktomorrowmorning?No,you_______.You_______keepitforthreedays.
A.mustn’t,mayB.mustn’t,mustC.needn’t,canD.needn’t,may
4.---Look!Themanatthegate_______beourheadmaster.Heisalwaysstandingthereevery
morning.---No,itbehim.Heisholdingameetingintheofficenow.
A.must,can’tB.must,mustn’tC.can,can’tD.can,mustn’t
(四)及物動(dòng)詞與介詞搭配:give,show,pass,lend+物+to+sb=give(…)sbsth
make,sing,buy+物+for+sb=make(sing,buy)sbsth
(五)及物動(dòng)詞+副詞結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí),把代詞放中間
get(it)back,put(it)on,take(it)off,turn(it)on,pick(it)up,try(it)on,
look(it)up,wake(me)up,put(it)up.
1.Smokingisbadforyourhealth.You’dbetter_______.
A.giveupitB.giveitupC.takeoutitD.takeitout
基礎(chǔ)知識(shí):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
(一)can:①表能力“能,會(huì)”;②表推測(cè)“可能”;③表允許“可以”。
1.---youpassmeapen?I’dliketowritedownthephonenumber.---Sure,Hereitis.
A.CanB.NeedC.MightD.Must
(二)could:can的過(guò)去式,表過(guò)去的能力。但could本身也可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表委婉請(qǐng)求。
(三)may:①允許“可以”;②表推測(cè)“可能”。
1.IswimwhenIwastenyearsold.
2.Johngotherewithastonight,butheisnotverysureaboutit.
A.mustB.canC.willD.may
(四)must:①主觀看法“必須”;②推測(cè)“一定”。
(五)need:①情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:need+動(dòng)原②實(shí)義動(dòng)詞:needtodo③needdoing=needtobedone
1.Youworryaboutme.It’snothingserious.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.won’t
(六)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)分
(七)maybe和maybe①maybe用于句首,可能;②maybe可能是
1.Ifyoueatbadfood,youill.A.maybeB.can’tbeC.mustD.maybe
練習(xí)
1.---Mayweplayfootballinthestreet?---No,you.It’sdangerous.
A.canB.mustn’tC.mayD.maynot
2.ThemanintheofficebeMr.Blackbecausehewenthomejustnow.
A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t
3.Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheaccident.Sohe.
A.mustbetakecareofB.musttakecareofC.mustbelookedafter
4.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbishintotheriver.
A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow
5.---Hurryup,please!---It’squiteearly,youworryaboutthetime.
A.mustn’tB.maynotC.needn’tD.can’t
6.---There’ssomebodyatthedoor.Whoitbe?
---No,itbehim.It’sjustseveno’clock.It’stooearly.
A.may,can’tB.will,won’tC.may,mustn’t
7.---Excuseme,couldIborrowsomemoneyfromyou?---Ofcourseyou.
A.couldB.canC.mustD.need
8.Theflowereveryday,orthey’lldie.
A.mustwaterB.canbewateredC.shouldwaterD.mustbewatered
9.---WhatdidyourPEteachersayaboutyourhighjumpatthesportsmeeting.
---HesaidthatIbetter.A.candoB.amC.willdoD.coulddo
10.---Where’sLucy?---I’mnotsure.Sheinthelibrary.
A.maybeB.mustC.maybeD.willbe
主謂一致即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)一致:
(一)One,everyone,eachone,anyone,each,either,nineof+復(fù)數(shù)+單謂。
Everyoneofthestudentsisstudyinghard.Neitherofthegirlsisabletoanswerit.
1.Neitherofthetwobrotherswiththeirparents.
A.liveB.arelivingC.liketoliveD.lives
2.oftheboysinClass4isplayinggames.
A.AllB.EachC.Theboth
(二)不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)
Toteachistolearn.Playingwithfireisdangerous.
1.PalyingbaseballDale’sfavouritesport.
A.isB.areC.were
(三)主語(yǔ)后跟含有with.except.together.with.aswellas等短語(yǔ)時(shí),單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)而定,而不受這些短語(yǔ)的影響。
1.EveryoneexceptTomandJohntherewhenthemeetingbegan.
A.areB.isC.wereD.was
(四)主語(yǔ)為people.Police.cattle(家禽)poultry(家畜)等時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.Mostpeoplethinkso.
(五)主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)而意義為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù):
①news,works(作品,工作),physics,politic政治,mathematics數(shù)學(xué),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);
②trousers,Shoes,glasses為主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),當(dāng)前面有apairof修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
1.Ithinkphysics________maths.
A.issousefulasB.aremoreusefulas
C.areasusefulasD.ismuchmoreusefulthan
(六)表示時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)格、質(zhì)量等短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),即使其中的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式:
Threeyearshasalreadypassedquickly.
Fiftyyuanisenough.
(七)由every,some,any,no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定式代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
1.Everygirl________toattendtheEnglishParty.
A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like
(八)就近原則:由either…or,Neither…nor,notonly…butalso連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。
1.Notonlystudentsbutalsotheirteacher________theplan.
A.objectB.objectsC.isobjectD.isobjected
Therebe句型中連接并列的主謂時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用就近原則。
Thereisagirlandfourboysintheroom.
2.TheresomeChineseandthreeAmericansinthetravellingteam.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
(九)so,neither倒裝句:sodoI句型(即so+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)),表示“兩種情況相同”。注意:時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)要一致。
SoIdo陳述語(yǔ)序,表示“的確如此”。
Neither/Nor+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ),表示“兩種情況都不”
1.---Tomboughtacomputeryesterday.---Soshe.(sohe)
2.---Theboydidn’tgotothePark.---Neither(nor)I.
(十)由and連接兩個(gè)不同的單數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),表示不同概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);而表示同一概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
JackandTomlookheathyandstrong.
Thepoetandmusicianvisitsourschooltoday.
(十一)the+姓氏s表示“一家人”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
TheBlacksenjoyworkinginChina.
(十二)anumberof+名復(fù)+復(fù)謂表示“很多”;
thenumberof+名復(fù)+單謂表示“…的數(shù)目”。
Thenumberofpeopleinvitedmorethan200,andanumberofthembeenherenow.
A.were,hasB.were,haveC.was,hasD.was,have
練習(xí)
1.NeitherWeiHuanorAnn________ontheteam.
A.isB.a(chǎn)reC.goesD.go
2.“Ithinkneitherthisshirtnorthatone________good”,hesaid.
A.a(chǎn)reB.isC.wereD.was
3.ThisisMissGao.She________yournewteacher.
A.beB.a(chǎn)mC.isD.a(chǎn)re
4.Hisparents________comingtomeettheteachertonight.
A.a(chǎn)reB.wereC.is
5.Howmuchmilk________inthebottle?
A.hasB.a(chǎn)rethereC.isthere
6.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn________therewhenthemeetingbegan.
A.isB.wasC.a(chǎn)reD.were
7.________Lily________Lucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.A.Notonly;butalso
B.Neither;nor
C.Both;and
D.Either;or
8.________thepopulationofChina?
A.Howmuchis
B.Howmanyare
C.Whatis
D.Whatnumberis
9.Jennyandherparents________goingtovisitthePalaceMuseumtomorrowA.isB.a(chǎn)mC.a(chǎn)reD.be
10.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher________intheclassroomthemoment.
A.wereB.wasC.werentD.wasnt
11.—Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool?
—________thestudentsinourschool________overtwothousand.
A.Thenumberof;is
B.Thenumberof;are
C.Anumberof;is
D.Anumberof;are
12.—Arethetwinsonthefootballteam?
—No,neitherofthem________ontheteam.
A.isB.a(chǎn)reC.wereD.be
13.EitherBoborPeter________watchingthe17thWorldCupnow.
A.isB.a(chǎn)reC.a(chǎn)mD.be
英語(yǔ)主謂一致考查題例答案與詳解
1.A。neither...nor...連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)“就近一致”的原則,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與nor后面的詞語(yǔ)相一致。
2.B。同上。
3.C。主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)第三人稱。
4.A。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)。
5.C。主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式。
6.B。主語(yǔ)是everyone,且為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
7.D。根據(jù)句子的意思是“兩者之一”故選D。
8.C。某地區(qū)和國(guó)家的人口是單數(shù)第三人稱,表示一事物。
9.C。主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)。
10.B。neither…nor采取就近原則,故用單數(shù),且用肯定式。
11.A。表示“……的數(shù)量”應(yīng)用thenumberof,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式;而anumberof表示“許多,大量的”。
12.A。同1題。
13.A。采用就近原則。
擴(kuò)展閱讀
2015中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致考點(diǎn)跟蹤
教案課件是老師上課中很重要的一個(gè)課件,大家正在計(jì)劃自己的教案課件了。各行各業(yè)都在開(kāi)始準(zhǔn)備新的教案課件工作計(jì)劃了,未來(lái)工作才會(huì)更有干勁!你們知道多少范文適合教案課件?以下是小編為大家精心整理的“2015中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致考點(diǎn)跟蹤”,僅供參考,歡迎大家閱讀。
第32講 主謂一致
1.—Davidhasbeenawayformorethan25days.
—Imisshimverymuch.Youknow,25days__B__short.(2014,黔南)
A.isB.isntC.a(chǎn)reD.a(chǎn)rent
2.Thesummerholidaysarecoming,sothetwinsaswellasJack__B__toHongKongforvacation.(2014,黃石)
A.isgoingB.a(chǎn)regoingC.goesD.go
3.Alotofforeigners__C__familiarwiththefamousplacesofinterestinChina.(2013,上海)
A.a(chǎn)mB.isC.a(chǎn)reD.be
4.Howtimeflies!Wellgraduate.Threeyears__C__reallyashorttime.(2013,遵義)
A.wasB.a(chǎn)reC.is
5.There__B__manytreesinfrontofmyhousenow.(2013,北京)
A.isB.a(chǎn)reC.wasD.were
近五年來(lái),安徽中考對(duì)主謂一致考查很少,幾乎沒(méi)有。但其作為初中語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),我們?nèi)孕枇私夂驼莆?,以?015年中考試題中會(huì)出現(xiàn)。
對(duì)主謂一致的考查主要包括以下三點(diǎn):
1.學(xué)科名詞作主語(yǔ);表示時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)格、質(zhì)量等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ);the+姓氏名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ);一些以s結(jié)尾的不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),如news,maths;不定代詞+名詞作主語(yǔ),如bothof,neither等。
2.主語(yǔ)后帶有with,except,like,aswellas等介詞短語(yǔ)。
3.就近原則,如therebe句型,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等。
主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。因此,找出句子的真正主語(yǔ)是關(guān)鍵。同時(shí),要遵循三個(gè)原則:語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近原則。
高頻考向一 語(yǔ)法一致原則
語(yǔ)法一致即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
①當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)名詞,或both...and...連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
TomandMikearegoodfriends.湯姆和邁克是好朋友。
BothLucyandLilyarestudents.露西和莉莉都是學(xué)生。
②不定代詞either,neither,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,noone,nothing等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike?你的自行車有什么毛病嗎?
Everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting.大家都在為運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備。
③由each,each...andeach...,every...andevery...,every...作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenanewbook.每一個(gè)男孩和每一個(gè)女孩都被給了一本新書。
④主語(yǔ)后有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,nolessthan,morethan,including,besides,like,except,but等詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。如:
Mr.GreenwithhiswifeandtwodaughtersiscomingtoBeijing.格林先生將和他的妻子及兩個(gè)女兒一塊兒來(lái)北京。
⑤“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;“thenumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
Anumberoftreesarecutdown.許多樹(shù)木被砍倒了。
Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis32.我們班學(xué)生人數(shù)為32。
⑥“alotof(lotsof,plentyof,apileof,pilesof,mostof)+名詞”和“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于名詞,如果是不可數(shù)名詞,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
Lotsofpeoplehavebeenthere.很多人去過(guò)那兒。
⑦由“apair(akind,aseries...)+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;“pairs(kinds...)+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
Apairofsunglassesislyingonthetable.一副太陽(yáng)鏡放在桌子上。
Fifteenpairsofshoesaremadeeachday.每天能制作15雙鞋。
⑧某些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves...)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂詞動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
Myshoeswerewornout.我的鞋子穿壞了。
⑨不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
Readingislearning.讀書就是學(xué)習(xí)。
Wemakeitarulethateachofus______hebedroomonedayaweek.
A.hascleanedB.havecleaned
C.cleansD.clean
解析:“each每一個(gè)”強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,故用第三人稱單數(shù);“onedayaweek一周一天”則表明指頻度,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
答案:__C__
______hatpairof______alittlecheaper?(2014,齊齊哈爾)
A.Is;glassB.Are;glass
C.Is;glassesD.Are;glasses
解析:apairof后應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,其作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。
答案:__C__
Thenumberofbooksinthebookshopisabout10,000andanumberofthem______aboutscience.
A.isB.wasC.a(chǎn)reD.were
解析:由前半句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is可推斷出后半句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);短語(yǔ)anumberof作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。
答案:__C__
高頻考向二 意義一致原則
意義一致又叫概念一致,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要看主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念。
①由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞,如果是指同一概念(即and后面無(wú)冠詞),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
Theteacherandwriteriscomingtogiveusareportnextweek.那位老師兼作家下周要來(lái)給我們作報(bào)告。
Thesingeranddancerhasbeeninvitedtotheparty.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀請(qǐng)參加了聚會(huì)。
②表示金錢、價(jià)格、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度等復(fù)數(shù)名詞及詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí),一般被看做一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如:
Threeyearsisalongtime.三年是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。
③集體名詞(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government...)如果表示整體概念,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果表示集體中的成員,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
Myfamilyisasmallonewiththreepeople.我家是一個(gè)有三口人的小家庭。
④people,police,cattle等集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
Thepolicearehelpingagirlfindhermother.警察正在幫助一個(gè)女孩找媽媽。
⑤算式中,表示加法和乘法時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式,也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但表示減法和除法時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)形式。如:
Whatis/arethreetimesthree?3乘以3是多少?
—Howmuch______hepairofshoes?
—Twentydollars______enough.
A.is;isB.is;areC.a(chǎn)re;isD.a(chǎn)re;are
解析:thepairofshoes的中心詞是pair,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);把twentydollars看成整體,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。
答案:__A__
高頻考向三 就近原則
有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與最靠近它的名詞保持一致,這種原則叫做就近原則,又叫做鄰近原則。
①由either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also)...,not...but...或or連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與較近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。如:
NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardtomeetingmyuncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。
NotonlyJimbutalsohisparentswanttoliveinChina.不僅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中國(guó)。
Heoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的鋼筆。
②Therebe...和Herebe...這兩個(gè)句式中的be動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。如:
Thereisanappleandtwobananasonthetable.桌子上有一個(gè)蘋果和兩根香蕉。
There______lotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhenIgotthere.
A.isB.wasC.a(chǎn)reD.were
解析:people是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則therebe句型中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),排除A和B;下文got為過(guò)去式,故主句也要用過(guò)去時(shí)。
答案:__D__
______Lily______Lucyisgoingwithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.
A.Notonly;butalsoB.Neither;nor
C.Both;andD.Either;or
解析:根據(jù)主謂一致原則可排除A項(xiàng);由下文“他們中的一個(gè)必須待在家里”,可知“或者露西或者莉莉與你一起去”。
答案:__D__
There______someflowersontheteachersdeskjustnow,butnowthere______nothingonit.
A.have;hasB.were;has
C.were;isD.has;has
解析:第一空應(yīng)根據(jù)someflowers來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù),justnow表明是過(guò)去時(shí);第二空根據(jù)nothing來(lái)判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù),now表明一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
答案:__C__
一、單項(xiàng)選擇。
1.Thispairofpants______mine.Yoursmay__A__onthebed.(2014,綏化)
A.is;beB.a(chǎn)re;beC.a(chǎn)re;are
2.There__A__somemilkandtwoeggsonthetable.(2014,永州)
A.isB.a(chǎn)reC.has
3.—Doyouneedmoretimetocompletethetask?
—Yes.Anothertendays__A__enough.(2014,廣東)
A.isB.wasC.a(chǎn)reD.were
4.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn__D__therewhenthemeetingbegan.(2013,威海)
A.a(chǎn)reB.isC.wereD.was
5.—Maths______myfavouritesubject,whataboutyou?(2013,廣安)
—Physics__A__.Ithinkitsveryinteresting.
A.is;isB.a(chǎn)re;areC.a(chǎn)re;is
6.Inourschoollibrarythere______anumberofbooksonscience,andintheseyearsthenumberofthem__A__growinglargerandlarger.(2013,安順)
A.a(chǎn)re;isB.is;areC.have;areD.has;is
7.Noone__B__swimminginsuchbadweather.
A.likeB.likesC.likingD.liked
8.Diana,togetherwithherfriends,__C__ChineseinChina.
A.studyB.havestudied
C.studiesD.a(chǎn)restudying
9.—BothLiLeiandHanMeimei__D__fondoftheTVprogramAbiteofChina(《舌尖上的中國(guó)》).
—Iamalsodeeplymovedbyitsstories.
A.isB.a(chǎn)mC.wasD.a(chǎn)re
10.—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithmetonight?
—Idloveto,but__C__ofustwohastickets.Doyouhavesome?
A.bothB.a(chǎn)llC.neitherD.none
二、詞匯運(yùn)用。
11.EitherTomorshe__is__(be)goingtothepartynextweek.Oneofthemmuststayathome.
12.Theactoranddirector__is__(be)comingtogiveusaspeechnextweekend.(2013,蘭州)
13.WhenIgotthere,theyeach__were_reading__(read)abook.
14.Neitherofus__likes__(like)thestorybook.
15.Thispairoftrousers__was_made__(make)bymyauntlastyear.
16.Afootballteamoften__has__(have)elevenplayers.
17.Noonebutmyparents__knows/knew__(know)thetruth.
18.Jimsfamily__enjoy__(enjoy)watchingTVaftersupper.
19.Look!Theclass__are_doing__(do)morningexercisesontheplayground.
20.Twentyyears__has__(have)passedsincehelefthishometown.
2012年中考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí):主要句式
每個(gè)老師上課需要準(zhǔn)備的東西是教案課件,到寫教案課件的時(shí)候了。需要我們認(rèn)真規(guī)劃教案課件工作計(jì)劃,可以更好完成工作任務(wù)!你們知道多少范文適合教案課件?下面是小編為大家整理的“2012年中考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí):主要句式”,僅供您在工作和學(xué)習(xí)中參考。
?(一)知識(shí)概要
初中所學(xué)的句型一般要分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。?陳述句中有肯定句與否定句之分。其中可以分為以下五種:
①主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞。如:Iarrivedatsixlastnight.
②主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ),如:IboughtagoodEnglish?ChineseDictionaryyesterday.
③主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ),如:PleasetellmeastorybeforeIgotobed.這樣可加雙賓語(yǔ)的句子有buy,tell,give,ask,pass,teach.
④主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),如:Ifounditimpossibletodoit.Pleasekeeptheclassroomcleanandtidy.
⑤主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ),如:TomisanAmericanboy.Thegrassturnedgreeninspring.在初中常見(jiàn)的句型中有Therebe…句型,表示存在某種事物,如:Thereisamaponthewall?其be動(dòng)詞的形式要與其后面相近的那個(gè)名詞相一致。要注意的是這種句型加入助動(dòng)詞后,也要保持be動(dòng)詞,不要換用have,如:Thereisgoingtobeameetingtomorrow.?在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中要注意主謂一致的問(wèn)題,即句子的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要相呼應(yīng)。
要注意的有如下幾點(diǎn):
①用and連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù),但如一人身兼兩職時(shí)則要用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,如:Asingeranddanceriscomingtoourparty.asingeranddancer既歌唱又可舞的演員。而asingerandadancer則要譯為:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。
②有些以s結(jié)尾的名詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù),如:Thenewsisgood(news為不可數(shù)名詞)。
③有量詞時(shí)應(yīng)按量詞的數(shù)量計(jì)算;如:Thispairofglassesisgood?Myglassesarebroken.
④有些形單卻意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,如:Peoplearecominghere?這樣的詞還有Police,如果要講一個(gè)警察時(shí),應(yīng)講apoliceman。兩個(gè)警察為twopolicemen。又如apolicewoman,twopolicewomen?
⑤ 所有不定代詞each,either,neither,one,theother,nobody,nothing,anyone,anything,someone,something…要作為單數(shù)如:Someoneiswaitingforyou??在并列句中表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的連詞有:andnotonly…butalso, neither…nor, either…or?如:Mysisterandmyparentsaregoingtothecinema。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞有:but和yet,如:Sheisagoodstudent,butshedidntpassthefinalexam.又如:Ithinkthenewsisstrange,yetitistrue?表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞有:or,either…or,如:Hurryup,oryouwillbelateforschool?表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有:for,so如:Theystudiedveryhard,sotheyallpassedtheexam??
在初中范圍復(fù)合句中主要有狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句(名詞性從句)兩種,而定語(yǔ)從句(形容詞性從句)要在高中講述,為了使同學(xué)閱讀文章方便,我們將在下面另一章予以介紹。我們首先來(lái)看賓語(yǔ)從句。
① 在及物動(dòng)詞的后面可以接一個(gè)名詞來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),如:Iknewtheman,而這時(shí)也可以用一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),如:Iknewthathewasagoodman?這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有that,(that只在從句中起聯(lián)接作用,不在句中充當(dāng)語(yǔ)法成分,既不是主語(yǔ)也不是賓語(yǔ),所以在口語(yǔ)中常常被省略。如:Iamsure(that)shehaspassedtheexam?
②if,whether它們?cè)谫e語(yǔ)從句中只起連接作用,不起語(yǔ)法作用,當(dāng)作是否講。從句中有ornot結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),要用whether,如:Iaskhimif(whether)hehashadhislunch?Iaskshimwhetherhehashadhislunchornot?
③ what它在賓語(yǔ)從句中除了作連接詞外,還要作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)成份,如:Idontunderstandwhatyousaid?(what作said的賓語(yǔ))。又如:Iaskedhimwhatmadehimsick(what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ))。
④ who,它也和what一樣,在句中除作連接詞外,可以充當(dāng)句中的成份,如:Iknowwhosheislookingfor?
⑤ whose如:Iwanttoknowwhosebookthisis?
⑥ which如:Doyouknowwhichbookismine??
在連接詞中還有4個(gè)常用的連接副詞,
① how它的應(yīng)用最廣,如:howmuch,howmany,howlong,howsoon,howold…。如:Howmuchdoesitcost?
② when它只是連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),如:Pleasetellmewhenthemeetingwillbegin?
③ where它連接地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),如:Whereareyoufrom?
④ why它要連接的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句,如:TheteacheraskedwhyTomdidntcometoschool.
在考試中常見(jiàn)到的考點(diǎn)是:?賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)與主句時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)問(wèn)題。
① 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以是任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài),如:Iknowhedidntcome.我知道他沒(méi)來(lái)。Iknowhewillcometomorrow?我知道他明天來(lái)。IknowhehasgonetoLondon?我知道他已去倫敦了。
② 主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若是過(guò)去時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句也要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中的某一種。比如:一般過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí)。除了在表達(dá)宇宙中的客觀真理時(shí),不能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如:Iwantedtoknowwhenhewouldcome?Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun??狀語(yǔ)從句主要有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,其連接詞有:after,before,when,as,assoonas,until(till),while,since,by?
其中較難掌握的有以下幾點(diǎn):?
① until(till)直到,在用until表達(dá)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中,主句中的動(dòng)詞是要十分小心去選擇。如動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,它要用肯定句,如:Istudiedharduntil12oclocklastnight.如果動(dòng)詞是瞬間截止性動(dòng)詞,則要用否定句,如:Hedidntgotobeduntilhismothercameback??
② 由?since,for,by,before來(lái)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始時(shí)間,如:IhavestudiedEnglishsince1990?而由by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)通常是動(dòng)作的結(jié)束時(shí)間,如:Ihadlearned25Englishsongsbytheendoflastterm?而before則多用于完成時(shí),ago則多用于一般過(guò)去時(shí),如:Hehadfinishedhisworkbeforetwelveyesterday?Ileftmyhometowntwoyearsago?
③ 在狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示將來(lái)。它們可能是主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),如:Ifitrains,theywontgotothepark onSunday?也可以主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),如:Hesaidifitrainedthenextdayhewouldnotgotothepark?考試中常見(jiàn)的考點(diǎn)有:要學(xué)生區(qū)別是條件、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句還是賓語(yǔ)從句,因在賓語(yǔ)從句中該用什么時(shí)態(tài)用什么時(shí)態(tài),如:Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow?在賓語(yǔ)從句中的條件狀語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系,如:Iwanttoknowifitrainshewillcomeheretomorrow??
在原因狀語(yǔ)從句中主要是
① because,應(yīng)譯為"因?yàn)?。它表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系最強(qiáng),如:Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhard?
② since應(yīng)譯為"既然",如:Sinceyouwereillyesterday?Ileftsomenotesonyourdesk?
③ as應(yīng)譯為"由于",如:Asitistoohotwedbettergoswimming?since與as所表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)比because弱得多。而for表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系最弱。它不能用于句首,如:Hestudieshard,forhewantstogotocollege??在比較狀語(yǔ)從句中有同級(jí)比較as…as,如:Thisbookisasgoodasthatone?
要注意的有兩點(diǎn):
① as…as中間要用原級(jí)而不是比較級(jí)。
② 用形容詞還是副詞,如:MarywritesascarefullyasTom?而其否定句為notas(so)…as,如:Theydidntworksohardaswedid,而不同級(jí)比較用比較級(jí)加than,如:HeisyoungerthanIam?
要注意的是表示"越來(lái)越"這一概念時(shí)有兩個(gè)句型:
① 比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí),如:Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger?Thelittlegirlisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful?
② 定冠詞the+比較級(jí)+the+比較級(jí),如:Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn??方式狀語(yǔ)中要注意的是as(連詞)與like(介詞)的區(qū)別。as作為連詞其后接從句,如:PleasedoitasIdidit?但后面的句子常作省略,如:PleasedoitasI?而like是介詞,其后要接的是賓語(yǔ),如:Pleasedoitlikeme??
結(jié)果和目的狀語(yǔ)從句主要有so…that,sothat,inorderthat等幾種用法。
① so…that?用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,so+形容詞+a+名詞+that,如:Sheissobeautifulagirlthateveryonelikesher?或用such+a+形容詞+名詞+that,如:Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthateveryonelikesher?
② 在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherwewanttogoforapicnic?又如:Theyaresuchgoodplayersthattheyshouldwinthegame.
③ 在much,many,few,little之前只能用so,如:IhavesolittlemoneythatIcantbuyit?
④ so…that之間只有形容詞時(shí),則不能用such,如:ItissogoodthatIwanttobuy
⑤ sothat其后接從句,如:IgotupearliersothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus???
(二) 正誤辨析?
[誤]Thestoriesinthatbookwaswrittenmanyyearsago??
[正]Thestoriesinthatbookwerewrittenmanyyearsago.?
[析]作主語(yǔ)的名詞、代詞或不定式、動(dòng)名詞,它們往往要帶有修飾詞,這些詞可能是形容詞,也可能是短語(yǔ),但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是要取決于這個(gè)主語(yǔ)的數(shù),要記住的是一個(gè)名詞不可能在同一句中作兩個(gè)不同的語(yǔ)法成份,如:book作了of的介詞賓語(yǔ)則不可能再作主語(yǔ)了。?
[誤]Toreadmanybooksaregoodforyou??
[正]Toreadmanybooksisgoodforyou??
[析]不定式作主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該看作單數(shù)主語(yǔ)。?
[誤]Whathesaidareright??
[正]Whathesaidisright??
[析]從句作主語(yǔ)一定要按單數(shù)主語(yǔ)看待。?
[正]Therichisnotalwayshappy??
[誤]Thericharenotalwayshappy??
[析]形容詞+定冠詞表示一類人,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù),如:Theyoungareveryinterestedinstudyandsports??
[誤]Theschoolmasterandwriterarecoming??
[正]Theschoolmasterandwriteriscoming??
[析]本句應(yīng)譯為:校長(zhǎng)兼作家就要來(lái)了。而Theschoolmasterandthewriterarecoming?則要譯為:校長(zhǎng)和一個(gè)作家要來(lái)了。在英語(yǔ)表達(dá)法中確實(shí)有Thegirlandboyareplayingonthegrass?這應(yīng)譯為:一個(gè)女孩,一個(gè)男孩在操場(chǎng)上玩。因?yàn)椴豢赡苓@樣兩個(gè)概念作用在一個(gè)人身上。又如:thehusbandandwife?夫妻二人。?
[誤]Youorshegotogetsomewaterforus??
[正]Youorshegoestogetsomewaterforus??
[析]由or連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)應(yīng)以離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞近的那一個(gè)計(jì)算其數(shù)。這樣的用法還有either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso也有人稱作"就近原則"。?
[誤]Theteacherwithalotofstudentscomeintotheclassroom??
[正]Theteacherwithalotofstudentscomesintotheclassroom??
[析]真正的主語(yǔ)是theteacher,而with短語(yǔ)是伴隨狀態(tài),不影響主語(yǔ)的數(shù)。?
[誤]Myglassesisbroken??
[正]Myglassesarebroken??
[誤]Thispairofglassesaregood??
[正]Thispairofglassesisgood??
[誤]Thesekindsofbutterisgood.?
[正]Thesekindsofbutteraregood??
[析]英語(yǔ)中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:glasses眼鏡,shorts短褲等。如沒(méi)有量詞在前時(shí),要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,但有了量詞之后則要按量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算。?
[誤]Oneoftheboysaregoingtotakepartinthematch??
[正]Oneoftheboysisgoingtotakepartinthematch??
[析]Oneof結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)以one來(lái)計(jì)算主語(yǔ)的數(shù)。?
[誤]Halfoftheworkaredone??
[正]Halfoftheworkisdone??
[誤]Halfofthebooksisread??
[正]Halfofthebooksareread??
[析]在小于1的數(shù)量詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如:23,80%,0.35…+of+名詞,這時(shí)主語(yǔ)的數(shù)應(yīng)按of后面的名詞計(jì)算。如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù),如名詞是復(fù)數(shù)則要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。?
[誤]Eachsidesarefulloftrees??
[正]Eachsideisfulloftrees??
[誤]Bothsideisfulloftrees??
[正]Bothsidesarefulloftrees??
[析]each,either其后都要加單數(shù)名詞,而both后要加復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如:each,either,another,little,alittle,much等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部要用單數(shù)形式。?
[誤]Theboyseachhasanapple??
[正]Theboyseachhaveanapple??
[析]each作同位語(yǔ)時(shí),不影響句子的主語(yǔ)。?
[誤]Everyoneofushasaticketfortheconcert??
[正]Everyoneofushasaticketfortheconcert??
[析]everyone,someone,everybody…在作主語(yǔ)時(shí)都不能加of結(jié)構(gòu)。
[誤]Girlslikedancingverymuch,butfewlikesplayingfootball??
[正]Girlslikedancingverymuch,butfewlikeplayingfootball??
[析]few雖然含意上是"幾乎沒(méi)有",但作主語(yǔ)時(shí)仍要當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)。?
[誤]Thenumberoftheworkersinthatfactoryaretwohundred??
[正]Thenumberoftheworkersinthatfactoryistwohundred??
[析]thenumberof意為:某某的數(shù)字是……如:thenumberofstudents學(xué)生人數(shù),thenumberofplayers運(yùn)動(dòng)員人數(shù)。不論數(shù)字如何都應(yīng)看作單數(shù)。而anumberof與many意思相同,其后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Anumberofstudentsareplayingonthegrass??
[誤]Therestofthestudentsishere??
[正]Therestofthestudentsarehere??
[誤]Therestoftheworkaredone??
[正]Therestoftheworkisdone??
[析]therestof的用法與2/3,一半,80%+of的結(jié)構(gòu)一致,of后面為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這樣用法還有l(wèi)otsof,alotof,plentyof。?
[誤]Thenewsintodaysnewspaperarenotbad??
[正]Thenewsintodaysnewspaperisnotbad??
[析]有些以s結(jié)尾的名詞要用作不可數(shù)名詞,它們是:news,physics,mathematics,thanks,…?
[誤]TheChineseiskindandfriendly??
[正]TheChinesearekindandfriendly??
[析]Chinese作為中文來(lái)講是單數(shù)名詞,但作為中國(guó)人講是單復(fù)同形的名詞。如:oneChinese,twoChinese…而TheChinese=ThepeopleofChina要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
[誤]Thisdictionaryistooexpensiveforme?Tendollarsareabigsumforme
[正]Thisdictionaryistooexpensiveforme?Tendollarsisabigsumforme
[析]表示一段時(shí)間,一筆金錢,一段距離,都應(yīng)看作單數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]Whoaregoingtotakepartinourfootballmatch??
[正]Whoisgoingtotakepartinourfootballmatch??
[析]用who提問(wèn)時(shí),習(xí)慣上用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,但which則要視其情況而定,如:whicharebettertheseshoesesorthoseshoes?又如:whichisbetterthisoneorthatone?
[誤]Whatahotweatheritis!?
[誤]Howhottheweatheritis!?
[正]Whathotweatheritis!?
[正]Howhottheweatheris!?
[析]感嘆句是用來(lái)表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的喜怒哀樂(lè)的感情。它由what與how作句子的開(kāi)始,判定是用what還是用how的最好辦法是將它們換為陳述句,比如:Whatthehotweatheritis!應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換為:Itisthehotweather?那么句子的起點(diǎn)是單詞it。再來(lái)看感嘆句中it前有不可數(shù)名詞weather,則只能用what。再看第二句Howhottheweatheris!轉(zhuǎn)為陳述句時(shí)為:Theweatherishot?這時(shí)句子的開(kāi)始單詞為theweather,再來(lái)看感嘆句在theweather前只有形容詞,所以應(yīng)用how。至于是用whata還是what要看名詞的具體情況而定,單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞加whata其余的加用what。?
[誤]Wehavetosingthis,havewe??
[誤]Wehavetosingthis,haventwe??
[正]Wehavetosingthis,dontwe??
[析]在反意疑問(wèn)句中除了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的一些常規(guī)外,有一些例外:
?Letsgohome,shallwe?
Letusgohome,willyou??
Shehadtoleave,didntshe??
Doyourhomeworkatonce,willyou??
Thereisnotmuchgoodnewsintodaysnewspaper,isthere??
Neitherofthemareright,arethey??
Ithinkhewillcometothepartywonthe??
think后的賓語(yǔ)從句,與其他賓語(yǔ)從句不一樣,在初中只有這樣一個(gè)較特殊的詞。這樣的句子的反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)要用賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ),其助動(dòng)詞要用賓語(yǔ)從句的助動(dòng)詞,而肯定還是否定要看主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞而定,如:Idontthinkheiscomingtoourparty,ishe??
[誤]Iwanttoknowwheredoeshelive??
[正]Iwanttoknowwherehelives??
[析]賓語(yǔ)從句中一律要用陳述語(yǔ)序,而不用疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序。?
[誤]-Ihaventgotaticketforthefootballmatch??
-NorIhave??
[正]-Ihaventgotaticketforthefootballmatch??
-Nor(Neither)haveI??
[析]nor,neither用在簡(jiǎn)答否定句中時(shí)要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。在肯定句的簡(jiǎn)答句中則要用so,如:Idomyhomeworkveryquickly,SodoesMary??
[誤]Look!Herethebuscomes!?
[正]Look!Herecomesthebus!?
[誤]Look!Herecomeshe!?
[正]Look!Herehecomes??
[析]在there,here打頭的句子中,如果主語(yǔ)是名詞,則要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序;如果是人稱代詞則用一般語(yǔ)序。?
[誤]DoyouwantMarytogotothecinemawithus??
No,Idonthopeso??
[正]DoyouwantMarytogotothecinemawithus??
No,Ihopenot??
[析]我不這樣想,可用Idontthinkso?但hope的否定簡(jiǎn)答句只能用Ihopenot?這是習(xí)慣用法。但這兩個(gè)詞的肯定簡(jiǎn)答句形是一樣的,如:Ithinkso.Ihopeso??
[誤]ThatisdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell??
[正]ItisdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell??
[析]It這里的語(yǔ)法作用是形式主語(yǔ),而真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式。形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)都要用it而不能用that,如:IthinkitdifficulttolearnEnglishwell?it在這句中是think的形式賓語(yǔ)。??
(三) 例題解析?
1? There___apencil?boxonthedesk.?
A.isB. areC.hasD.have
[答案]A.?
[析]Therebe句形中的be動(dòng)詞要看其后面離它最近的名詞而定,如:Therearetwobooksandapencilonthedesk?但卻可以講Thereisapencilandtwobooksonthedesk??
2? Couldyoutellme___??
A? MrsKingwherelivesB? wheredoesMrsKinglive?
C? whereMrsKinglivesD? MrsKingliveswhere
[答案]C.?
[析]賓語(yǔ)從句中的疑問(wèn)句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。?
3? Yourbrothercametoseeyou,___??
A? doesheB? doesntheC? didheD? didnthe?
[答案]D.?
[析]前句是肯定句,后面反意疑問(wèn)句要用否定句,同時(shí)came為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),所以應(yīng)用didnthe??
4? Itsgettingcloudy,___??
A? doesitB? doesntitC? isitD? isntit
[答案]D.?
[析]要區(qū)分s是has還是is,這里由getting得出s是is。?
5??。撸撸遦eepmewaitingsolong.?
A? NotB? WontC? DontD? Notto
[答案]C.?
[析]Dont+動(dòng)詞原形為祈始句的否定句。?
6? MrGreenhasntbeentoBeijing,___??
A? hasheB? hasntheC? didheD? didnthe
[答案]A.?
[析]此句has是助動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。?
7? Youhaveyourlunchatschool,___??
A? haveyouB? haventyouC? doyouD? dontyou?
[答案]D.?
[析]這里的have是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞"吃",而不是助動(dòng)詞。?
8??。撸撸遱unnyday!Letsgooutforawalk.?
A? HowaB? HowC? WhataD? What
[答案]C.?
[析]這個(gè)感嘆句是個(gè)省略句,其真實(shí)的句子應(yīng)為Whatasunnydayitis!?
9? -Canyoutellme___??-Sure?Shesanurse??
A? whereisyoursisterB? whereyoursisteris?
C? whatisyoursisterD? whatyoursisteris
[答案]D.?
[析]who問(wèn)的是姓名,如:Whoishe?HeisSmith?或Heismyfather?What問(wèn)的是職業(yè),如:Whatishe?Heisateacher??
10? Johnlikeslisteningtotheradio,___??
A? doesheB? doesntheC? doesntJohnD? doesJohe
[答案]B.?
[析]當(dāng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用代詞。?
11? NeitheryounorI___ontheteam.?
A? areB? wereC? amD? is
[答案]C.?
[析]由neither…nor…作連接詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與相臨近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng)。?
12??。撸撸遜eliciousfood!Idlikesomemore.?
A? whataB? HowaC? WhatD? How
[答案]C.?
[析]因food為不可數(shù)名詞。?
13? ___thereacatunderthechair??
A? AreB? IsC? HasD? Have
[答案]B.?
[析]這是therebe句型的疑問(wèn)句。?
14? Couldyoutellme___??
A? whenthetrainwillarriveB? whenthetrainarrived?
C? whendidthetrainarriveD? whendoesthetrainarrives
[答案]A.?
[析]could用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)疑問(wèn)句表達(dá)了口氣的委婉,并不是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。且賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)句。?
15? -___badweather!?
-Yes,Butitsgoingtobefinesoon,Ithink??
A? HowB? WhataC? WhatanD? What
[答案]D.?
[析]weather為不可數(shù)名詞。?
16? -Couldyoutellme___??
-Yes,They___tothelibrary??
A? wherearethetwins,havebeen
B? wherewerethetwins,havebeen?
C? wherethetwinsare,havegone
D? wherethetwinswere,havegone
[答案]C.?
[析]havebeento是去過(guò)什么地方,而現(xiàn)在回來(lái)了。havegoneto是到某地去了,人現(xiàn)在不在這里。?
17? Goand___theTVquickly?Thevolleyballmatchwillbeginrightaway.?
A? turnoffB? turndownC? turnupD? turnon?
[答案]D.?
[析]這是個(gè)祈使句,它由and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞。注意詞組搭配的不同含義。
18? Letsgoforsometea,___??
A? shallweB? willweC? doweD? dontwe
[答案]A.?
[析]Letsgo…,shallwe?Letusgo…,willyou?這是兩個(gè)特殊的反意疑問(wèn)句。
19? Joansshort,___??
A? wasntsheB? hasntsheC? isntsheD? doesntshe
[答案]C.?
[析]在此句中應(yīng)視s為is,而不是has或was。?
20? Idontknow___toreadtheword.?
A? whichB? whatC? whoseD? how
[答案]D.?
[析]因不定式toread中的read是及物動(dòng)詞,已有自己的賓語(yǔ)theword,所以應(yīng)用疑問(wèn)副詞how。?
21? Hedidntgotoschool,___h(yuǎn)ewasill.?
A? forB? butC? andD? so
[答案]A.?
[析]這里是表示因果的關(guān)系,從句表示原因,所以用for,放于句尾,且常常前面有一個(gè)逗號(hào)。so引起的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,如:Hewasonlytwelve,sohecouldntjointhearmy??
22? Theyoungwomancanhardlyrideabike,___she??
A? doesntB? doesC? cantD? can
[答案]D.?
[析]hardly為否定詞,所以應(yīng)視此句為否定句。其后的反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用肯定句。?
23? TomnevergoestothecinemaonSundays,___??
A? doesheB? doesntheC? isntheD? ishe
[答案]A.?
[析]never也是否定詞,所以應(yīng)將句子看作否定句。?
24? Mothersaidtohim,"Dont___onfootball."?
A? spendtoomuchtimeB? tospendtoomuchtime?
C? spendtoomanytimeD? tospendtoomanytime
[答案]A.?
[析]time作為"時(shí)間"講為不可數(shù)名詞,應(yīng)用much來(lái)修飾。當(dāng)作"次數(shù)"講是可數(shù)名詞,如threetimes三次,而Dont…這一句是祈使句的否定句。?
25? MrWhite,togetherwithsomeJapanesefriends,___visitourschoolthisafternoon.?
A? aregoingtoB? isgoingtoC? haveD? has
[答案]B.?
[析]句子的主語(yǔ)是Mr?White,而togetherwith…是伴隨狀況,不影響句子的主語(yǔ)。?
26? Thereislittlewaterintheglass,___??
A? isitB? isthereC? isntitD? isntthere
[答案]B.?
[析]這是therebe句型的反意疑問(wèn)句。?
27? Amperewasthinkingaboutamathsproblem,___??
A? didntheB? wasntheC? didheD? ishe
[答案]B.?
[析]這是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的反意疑問(wèn)句。?
28? Shehadagoodtimeyesterday,___she??
A? wasntB? didntC? hasntD? isnt
[答案]B.?
[析]had這里是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞而不是助動(dòng)詞。?
29? Wellmake___foryouinthefrontofthecar.?
A? aroomB? roomC? roomsD? somerooms
[答案]B.?
[析]room此處為不可數(shù)名詞,意為"地方,空間"。?
30? NeithershenorI___totheGreatwallbefore.?
A? hasgoneB? havegoneC? havebeenD? hasbeen
[答案]C.?
[析]由neither…nor連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與相臨近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng)。?
31? Helpmecollectthesebooks,___??
A? areyouB? willyouC? doyouD? shallyou
[答案]B.?
[析]祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用willyou,而Letsgo例外,其反意疑問(wèn)句為shallwe?
32? Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses
___changemuchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.?
A? dontB? doesntC? isntD? didnt
[答案]B.?
[析]thenumberof為"……的數(shù)量、數(shù)目",所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。而anumberof要加復(fù)數(shù)名詞,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。?
33? Sheshadbreakfast,___??
A? issheB? isntsheC? hasntsheD? hasshe?
[答案]C.?
[析]這里的s應(yīng)視為has??
34? Iwonder___.?
A? whosebicycleisitB? itiswhosebicycle?
C? isitwhosebicycleD? whosebicycleitis
[答案]D.?
[析]wonder后的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序。?
35? Itisgoodforus___morningexercises.?
A? doB? todoC? didD? done
[答案]B.?
[析]這里的it是形式主語(yǔ),而真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式todo…?
36? Peterhassportsveryoften,___??
A? does,PeterB? doesntheC? doesntPeterD? doeshe?
[答案]B.?
[析]has這里是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,而主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)其反意疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)要用代詞。
37? Mr?Blacksaid,"Jenny,dontbelatetomorrow?"?
Mr?BlacktoldJenny___.?
A? dontbelatetomorrowB? didntbelatetomorrow?
C? notbelatenextmorningD? nottobelatethenextday
[答案]D.?
[析]tell一般要加雙賓語(yǔ),其間接賓語(yǔ)是Jenny,直接賓語(yǔ)是不定式。而這里用的是不定式的否定形式。?
38? LiMeireadthenewspapertothegranny,___??
A? doessheB? didntsheC? didsheD? wasntshe
[答案]B.?
[析]read這里是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),因其主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù),而read并未加s所以是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。(read的過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去分詞都是read,只不過(guò)讀音不同)
2012年中考英語(yǔ)名詞考點(diǎn)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)教案
每個(gè)老師在上課前需要規(guī)劃好教案課件,是時(shí)候?qū)懡贪刚n件了。只有規(guī)劃好新的教案課件工作,才能更好的在接下來(lái)的工作輕裝上陣!你們會(huì)寫適合教案課件的范文嗎?為了讓您在使用時(shí)更加簡(jiǎn)單方便,下面是小編整理的“2012年中考英語(yǔ)名詞考點(diǎn)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)教案”,僅供參考,大家一起來(lái)看看吧。
2012年中考英語(yǔ)名詞考點(diǎn)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)教案
(一)知識(shí)概要
名詞的概念在不同的語(yǔ)法教課書中有不同的解釋和分類方法,但就實(shí)際應(yīng)用來(lái)講還是不要過(guò)分地追求其理論概念,而更多的要把注意力放在其應(yīng)用上來(lái)。我們不妨把它分為兩大類:專有名詞與普通名詞。顧名思義,專有名詞是指:個(gè)人、事物、機(jī)關(guān)等所專有的名稱,如,theGreatWall,America…它們是不能隨意變動(dòng)的。而普通名詞中則包括個(gè)體名詞,如pen,worker…它表示單一的個(gè)體人或事物;集體名詞,如:family,class,team,它表示的是由若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體;物質(zhì)名詞,如:water,paper…它表示的是一種物質(zhì),原材料;而后一種是抽象名詞,如:work,time…它表示著一種在實(shí)際生活中看不見(jiàn)、摸不到,但卻與實(shí)際生活緊密相關(guān)的某些動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)的抽象概念。見(jiàn)下表。
名詞一覽表
種類
專有名詞
London,John,theCommunistPartyofChina
普通名詞類名詞nurse,boy,worker,pencil,dog,table
集體名詞class,family,army,police,team,people
物質(zhì)名詞water,steel,glass,cotton,wood,sand
抽象名詞happiness,love,work,life,courage,honest
功用
主語(yǔ)MyfamilyisnowinNewYork.
表語(yǔ)Hisfatherisascientist.
賓語(yǔ)Weloveourgreatmotherland.
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)HemadeLondonthebaseforhiswork.
定語(yǔ)Thegirlsaremakingpaperflowesrs.
狀語(yǔ)Thecarcosthim1000dollars.
同位語(yǔ)MrBrown,afamousscientist,willcomehere.
名詞在使用中的難點(diǎn)在于名詞的數(shù),即可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。不可數(shù)名詞不能用數(shù)字計(jì)算,所以它通常只有單數(shù)形式。它包含有專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞等,如:English,air,water,cotton,work…可數(shù)名詞是可以用數(shù)量加以計(jì)算的名詞,所以它具有單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式兩種??蓴?shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律是:
1.一般情況加s,如:pen—pens,doctor—doctors,boy—boys,其讀音規(guī)則是在清輔音后讀[s],在元音和濁輔音后讀[z]。如:map—map,boy—boys.
2.在以s,sh,ch,x結(jié)尾的名詞后面加es,如:bus—buses,class—classes,其讀音為[iz]。
3.以ce,se,ze,(d)ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s,其讀音為[iz]。
4.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,要將y變?yōu)閕再加es,讀作[z],如:factory—factories,country—countries,family—families.但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加s,如:boy—boys,day—days。
5.以o結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般要加es,但如果o前面是元音字母或外來(lái)詞,縮寫詞以o結(jié)尾的則只加s,如:tomato—tomatoes,hero—heroes;photo—photos,radio—radios,piano—pianos
6.以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要將f或fe變?yōu)関再加es,如:knife—knives,leaf—leaves,但有些例外的詞如roof的復(fù)數(shù)形式是roofs。
7.不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是要單個(gè)記憶的,它沒(méi)有規(guī)律可循,如:man—men,woman—women,child—children,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,mouse—mice
8.單復(fù)同形的名詞有:fish,sheep,deer…
9.單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有:people,police等。?名詞還有格的變化,其主格可作主語(yǔ),賓格可作賓語(yǔ)。還有所有格,用來(lái)表示人或物的所有,以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加s其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s,如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加s,如:astudentsroom,studentsrooms,ChildrensDay.在表示時(shí)間、距離、世界、國(guó)家……名詞的所有格要用s,如:atwentyminuteswalk.但無(wú)生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu),如:thecapitalofourcountry,thecolouroftheflowers
(二)正誤辨析
[誤]Pleasegivemeapaper.
[正]Pleasegivemeapieceofpaper.
[析]不要認(rèn)為可以數(shù)的名詞就是可數(shù)名詞,這種原因是對(duì)英語(yǔ)中可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的概念與中文中的能數(shù)與不能數(shù)相混淆了,所以造成了這樣的錯(cuò)誤,因paper在英語(yǔ)中是屬于物質(zhì)名詞一類,是不可數(shù)名詞。而不可數(shù)名詞要表達(dá)數(shù)量時(shí),要用與之相關(guān)的量詞來(lái)表達(dá),如:twopiecesofpaper.
[誤]Pleasegivemetwoletterpapers.
[正]Pleasegivemetwopiecesofletterpaper.
[析]paper作為紙講是不可數(shù)名詞,而作為報(bào)紙、考卷、文章講時(shí)則是可數(shù)名詞,如:Eachstudentshouldwriteapaperonwhathehaslearnt.
[誤]Myglassesisbroken.
[正]Myglassesarebroken.
[誤]Iwanttobuytwoshoes.
[正]Iwanttobuytwopairsofshoes.
[析]英語(yǔ)中g(shù)lasses—眼鏡,shoes—鞋,trousers—褲子等由兩部分組成的名詞一般要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果要表示一副眼鏡應(yīng)用apairofglasses而這時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與量詞相一致。如:Thispairofglassesisverygood.
[誤]MayIborrowtworadioes?
[正]MayIborrowtworadios?
[析]以o結(jié)尾的名詞大都是用加es來(lái)表示其復(fù)數(shù)形式,但如果o前面是一個(gè)元音字母或外來(lái)語(yǔ)時(shí)則只加s就可以了。這樣的詞有zoo—zoos,piano—pianos.
[誤]ThisisaMarysdictionary.
[正]ThisisMarysdictionary.
[析]如名詞前有指示代詞this,that,thesethose,及其他修飾詞our,some,every,which,或所有格時(shí),則不要再加冠詞。
[誤]Therearemuchpeopleinthegarden.
[正]Therearemanypeopleinthegarden.
[析]可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)用many,few,afew,alotof來(lái)修飾,而people是可數(shù)名詞,而且是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:Thepeopleareplantingtreeshere.
[誤]Iwantafewwater.
[正]Iwantalittlewater.
[析]不可數(shù)名詞前可以用alittle,little,alotof,some來(lái)修飾,但不可用many,few來(lái)修飾。
[誤]Thankyouverymuch.Yourfamilyisverykindtome.
[正]Thankyouverymuch.Yourfamilyareverykindtome.
[誤]TomsandMarysfamilyarewaitingforus.
[正]TomsandMarysfamiliesarewaitingforus.
[誤]Imsorry.Ihavetogo.Tomsfamiliesarewaitingforme.
[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogo.Tomsfamilyarewaitingforme.
[析]集合名詞如果指某個(gè)集合的整體,則應(yīng)視為單數(shù),如指某個(gè)集合體中的個(gè)體則應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)。如:Myfamilyisabigfamily.WhenIcamein,TomsfamilywerewatchingTV.即湯姆一家人正在看電視。這樣的集合名詞有:familyclass,team等。
[誤]Donteattoomuchmeats.
[正]Donteattoomuchmeat.
[誤]Foodinthatrestaurantisverygood.
[正]Thefoodinthatrestaurantisverygood.
[析]物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,在使用中不可以加s,即它沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。也不可加不定冠詞。但如果用于特指某一物質(zhì)時(shí)可以加定冠詞。如:Idontlikedrinkingcoffee,butthecoffeeinthatcupisreallygood.
[誤]Pleasegivemetwowaters.
[正]Pleasegivemetwoglassesofwater.
[正]Pleasegivemetwocoffees.
[析]物質(zhì)名詞如要加計(jì)量時(shí),一定要加量詞,?如:twocupsoftea,twoglassesofwater,aglassofmilk,aloafofbread,
apieceofbread,aboxofsugar,
abowlofrice,abottleoforange,
abagofearth
?例:Illtellyouapieceofgoodnews.
但只有coffee可以用coffees來(lái)取代manycupsofcoffee.
[誤]Canyougivemethenewspaperoftoday?
[正]Canyougivemetodaysnewspaper?
[析]加s構(gòu)成所有格的名詞一般應(yīng)指有生命的人或物。如:Maryshair,但在英文的習(xí)慣用法中對(duì)時(shí)間、距離等名詞的所有格多用s來(lái)構(gòu)成而不用of結(jié)構(gòu)。如:afiveminuteswalk.
[誤]Pleasemakearoomfortheladyintheschoolbus.
[正]Pleasemakeroomfortheladyintheschoolbus.
[析]英語(yǔ)中更多的名詞是含有多種用法和多種含意的,
如:room為可數(shù)名詞時(shí)為“房間”,如:IliveinRoom5.而room為抽象名詞時(shí)為空間上面一句話應(yīng)譯為“請(qǐng)給老婦人在校車上留個(gè)地方?!边@樣的詞還有:glass玻璃glasses眼鏡stone石頭astone一塊石頭time時(shí)間twotimes兩次wood木頭woods樹(shù)林
[誤]Thereisaflowersgardenbehindmyhouse.
[正]Thereisaflowergardenbehindmyhouse.
[析]名詞除了在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)外,還可以用來(lái)修飾另一個(gè)名詞,這時(shí)作修飾詞的名詞一般要用單數(shù)形式,如:shoefactory(鞋廠),postoffice(郵局),eveningpaper(晚報(bào)),nightschool(夜校),headmaster(校長(zhǎng)),alawschool(法律學(xué)院)。但也有例外,如:agoodstrain(貨車),sportsmeeting(運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì))。
[誤]Mymotherboughttwofishesforsupperthismorning.
[正]Mymotherboughttwofishforsupperthismorning.
[析]英語(yǔ)中有些名詞單復(fù)同形,如:fish,deer,sheep,Chinese(中國(guó)人),means(方法)。所以應(yīng)講onefish,twofish,oneChinese,twoChinese.如果講Therearefivefishesinthepool.應(yīng)譯為池中有五種魚(yú)而不是五條魚(yú)。
[誤]Maryexpressedherthanktoherboyfriend.
[正]Maryexpressedherthankstoherboyfriend.
[析]英語(yǔ)中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:thanks,greens,而有些詞單數(shù)形式與復(fù)數(shù)形式有不同的詞意。如:clothes為衣服,而cloth則是布,sand沙子,而sands是沙灘。
[誤]Iofferedmysonmycongratulationonhissuccess.
[正]Iofferedmysonmycongratulationsonhissuccess.
[析]英語(yǔ)中表示祝賀的詞雖有單數(shù)形式,但一般要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如握手為shakehands.
[誤]WehavefiveGermaninthismeeting.
[正]WehavefiveGermansinthismeeting.
[析]英國(guó)人Englishman的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Englishmen,而German則要加s,因?yàn)樗皇怯蓢?guó)名與man的組合詞。
[誤]TherearetwoAsinthisword.
[正]TherearetwoAsinthisword.
[析]在大寫字母縮寫形式的復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)法中應(yīng)加s,但如字母是A、I時(shí),為了防止與As和Is相混,則要用s即As,Is
[誤]Therearethree6sandtwo3sinmytelephonenumber.
[正]Therearethree6sandtwo3sinmytelephonenumber.
[析]在小寫字母與數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)法中要用s
[誤]Wehavemanywomanteachersinourschool.
[正]Wehavemanywomenteachersinourschool.
[析]一般組合名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)只將詞中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)如:?
halfbrother—halfbrothers(同父異母或同母異父的兄弟)daughterinlaw—daughtersinlaw,(兒媳)但要注意的是:mandriver—mendrivers(男司機(jī))womandoctor—womendoctors(女大夫)grownup—grownups(成年人)但是boystudent—?jiǎng)t變?yōu)閎oystudents
[誤]Physicsareverydifficulttolearn.
[正]Physicsisverydifficulttolearn.
[析]雖以s結(jié)尾但只能用作單數(shù)名詞有:科學(xué),學(xué)科名字:Physics.Mathematicspolitics游戲名稱:bowls專有名稱:NiagaraFalls(尼亞加拉瀑布)其他名詞:news(消息,新聞)
[誤]Thereisapeopleintheroom.
[正]Thereisapersonintheroom.
[正]Thereisamanintheroom.
[析]people是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,不可用作單數(shù),如要用來(lái)講一個(gè)人時(shí)應(yīng)用aperson,aman,awoman。同樣的詞有police.要講一個(gè)警察時(shí)則要用apoliceman,apolicewoman。
[誤]Whereismyshoe?
[正]Wherearemyshoes?
[析]常常只用作復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞有trousers,pants,shorts(短褲),socks(襪子),shoes,gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一個(gè)則要指明,這時(shí)還是應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如:Wheresmyleftglove?(我左手的手套在哪?)
[誤]Ipaidfivepenniesforthesweet.
[正]Ipaidfivepenceforthesweet.
[析]英語(yǔ)中便士有兩個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)形式pence用來(lái)表達(dá)一定數(shù)量的錢。而pennies是指一個(gè)個(gè)的硬幣,如:Iwanttochangethisnoteforpennies.我想把這紙幣換成硬幣。(即一便士一個(gè)的硬幣)。
[誤]Therearemanyfruitintheshop.
[正]Therearemanyfruitsintheshop.
[析]物質(zhì)名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,但是用來(lái)表示種類時(shí)則可以用作可數(shù)名詞,這里應(yīng)譯為各種各樣的水果。?
[誤]Thereisanewcar.ItisJonesandMarys.
[正]Thereisanewcar.ItisJoneandMarys.
[析]有生命名詞的所有格,如果是單數(shù)名詞則加s如:Maryscar.如果是以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則只在s后面加’如:teachersoffices.如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞但不是以s結(jié)尾,則只加’s,如:childrenspalace組合名詞的所有格是在最后一個(gè)詞尾加s如:girlfriend—girlfriendssomeoneelse—someoneelsesaweekorthree—aweekorthrees如名詞后有同位語(yǔ)時(shí),則應(yīng)加在同位語(yǔ)的詞尾上,如:Itismygirlfriend,Maryscar.要注意的是當(dāng)兩個(gè)名詞并列時(shí),如表示歸兩人共同所有,則在最后一個(gè)名詞后面加s,如果表示分別所有則在兩個(gè)名詞后分別加s,如:ThisisMaryandJoneshome.即Mary與Jone是一家人。這是他們共同的家。而TheseareMarysandJoneshomes.則應(yīng)譯為這里是Mary的家與Jone的家。
[誤]Itisreallybeautiful.Itisaworkofnature.
[正]Itisreallybeautiful.ItisaNatureswork.
[析]無(wú)生命名詞的所有格應(yīng)用of結(jié)構(gòu)。但是s形式的所有格可用于以下無(wú)生命的名詞:表示時(shí)間的詞:todaysnewspaper,atwentyminuteswalk,anhours,rest表示長(zhǎng)度的詞:threemetresdistance,aboatslength,twentymilesjourney表示重量的名詞:twopoundsweight價(jià)格名詞:twodollarsworth擬人化的名詞:Natureswork,natureslesson(大自然的教訓(xùn))及國(guó)家、機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、城市等機(jī)構(gòu)性名詞:theuniversityslibrary
[誤]Heisanoldfriendofmyfather.
[正]Heisanoldfriendofmyfathers.
[析]這是英語(yǔ)中的一種習(xí)慣用法而不要根據(jù)語(yǔ)法去推理。如:ThispenisToms.
[誤]Myfatherisagoodcooker.
[正]Myfatherisagoodcook.
[析]一般動(dòng)詞加上er后則轉(zhuǎn)意為執(zhí)行該動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,如:teach(教)—teacher(老師),think(想)—thinker(思想家),drive(開(kāi)車)—driver(司機(jī)),sell(賣)—seller(賣物者)……但不能總是以此類推,比如cook是動(dòng)詞“做飯”。而cook也可作為名詞“廚師”講,而cooker則為廚具,餐具,即鍋、碗、勺等做飯用具。
[誤]Theyoungisdancingthere.
[正]Theyoungaredancingthere.
[析]英文中用定冠詞加上形容詞表示一類人時(shí)應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:therich富人,thepoor(窮人),thewise聰明人,但如果用定冠詞加形容詞來(lái)表示事物則要用作單數(shù)名詞,如:Thebeautifulisstillhere.美麗的風(fēng)景依舊。
[誤]Thestoriesofthebookwaswrittenmanyyearsago.
[正]Thestoriesofthebookwerewrittenmanyyearsago.
[析]這句話的真正主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是stories,所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
[誤]ThisisoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionary.
[正]ThisisoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.
[析]oneof意為“……之一”,of后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
[誤]LetsgotouncleWangforsupper.
[正]LetsgotouncleWangsforsupper.
[析]uncleWangs意為“王叔叔家”,doctors意為“醫(yī)院或私人診所”。
[誤]Ithinkwewillmakeafriendwitheachother.
[正]Ithinkwewillmakefriendswitheachother.
[析]makefriends為習(xí)慣用法,即交朋友。
[誤]Iwanttotellyoumuchpiecesofgoodnews.
[正]Iwanttotellyoumanypiecesofgoodnews.
[析]news為不可數(shù)名詞,但加了量詞之后則要用many來(lái)修飾量詞,因量詞是可數(shù)名詞,或可以說(shuō)Iwanttotellyousomegoodnews.因some即可用在可數(shù)名詞前,也可用在不可數(shù)名詞前作形容詞,如:Iwanttotellyousomepiecesofgoodnews.
[誤]Theteacherwithfivestudentsarecominghere.
[正]Theteacherwithfivestudentsiscominghere.
[析]要注意由with引出的介詞短語(yǔ)不是本句的主語(yǔ),這與連詞and有很大的區(qū)別,如:Theteacherandfivestudentsarecominghere.這里由介詞引出的短語(yǔ)僅僅是teacher的修飾語(yǔ)。
[誤]Therearealotofinformationhere,butwedontneedthem.
[正]Thereisalotofinformationhere,butwedontneedit.
[析]information為不可數(shù)名詞,而用作代替它的詞要用it而不能用them.
[誤]Manyastudentmakethesamemistakeintheexam.
[正]Manyastudentmakesthesamemistakeintheexam.
[析]manya加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,但其意為許多學(xué)生。
[誤]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothtogotoschooltoday.
[正]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothestogotoschooltoday.
[析]英文中cloth,clothes,clothing是易混之詞:cloth是物質(zhì)名詞,意為“布”,沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,而clothing是指衣物的總稱,也沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。clothes是指衣服,但沒(méi)有單數(shù)形式,如:Thisclothingisneededinwarmcountries.Herclothesaremadeoffinecloth.英文中的dress則指較正規(guī)的服裝,如:aschooldress校服,aneveningdress晚禮服。
[誤]IliketostudytheEnglish.
[正]IliketostudyEnglish.
[析]作為一種學(xué)科名詞前不要用冠詞,而作為某一特指學(xué)科則要加冠詞,如:Iliketostudyhistory.IliketostudythehistoryofAmerica.
[誤]TheBrownsisgoingtovisitChina.
[正]TheBrownsaregoingtovisitChina.
[析]定冠詞加姓加s,則意為“Brown先生一家人”。所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此句應(yīng)譯為:Brown先生一家將要訪問(wèn)中國(guó)。
(三)例題解析
1.LucyandLily___inthesameclass.
A.amB.isC.areD.be
[答案]C.
[析]由and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞來(lái)搭配謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
2.Whichisthe___tothebusstop,please?
AroadBwayCstreetDaddress
[答案]B.
[析]這是考察同意詞辨析,road是指較寬闊的大道,意為“鄉(xiāng)間公路”,而street意為道路兩邊的建筑物較高,可視為街道之意,而way則多為要到達(dá)某地所要經(jīng)過(guò)的途徑,還可引深為方式、方法。而address則為“地址”。如:Thereisacarrunningalongthecountryroad.?Iliveat105Parkstreet.CanyoushowmethewaytotheNationalMuseum?
3.Hurryup!Thereis___timeleft.
AlittleBalittleCfewDafew
[答案]A.
[析]因time作為時(shí)間講為不可數(shù)名詞,所以不可用few,afew來(lái)修飾。另外,英文的表達(dá)法與中文不同,中文講,快點(diǎn),時(shí)間不多了,而英文要講,快點(diǎn),沒(méi)時(shí)間了。因此,要用little而不用alittle.
4.Howmany___canyouseeinthepicture?
AtomatosBtomatoesCtomatoDthetomato
[答案]B.
[析]用Howmany提問(wèn)時(shí),其名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,而tomato的復(fù)數(shù)要加es.
5.—?。撸撸遡sthemeat.Please?
— Tenyuanakilo.
AHowmuchBHowmanyCHowoldDHowlong
[答案]A.
[析]由對(duì)話的答語(yǔ)可看出其問(wèn)句問(wèn)的是價(jià)格。錢數(shù)作為整體、價(jià)格講時(shí),不論其值是多少都是不可數(shù)名詞,要用howmuch提問(wèn)。
6TheboysnameisJamesAllenGreen.Sohisgivennameis___.
AJamesAllenBAllenGreenCJamesGreenDMr.Green
?[答案]A.
[析]英文的習(xí)慣與中文不同,中文是姓在前名字在后,而英文則是姓在最后,其第一個(gè)名字是由父母所起的,中間的名字可能是父母、教父所起的,但都可稱作givenname,而姓在英文中是familyname.
7Shanghaiisoneofthebiggest___inourcountry.
AcityBcitysCcitysDcities
?[答案]D.
[析]復(fù)音字母以y結(jié)尾的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要把y變成i再加es。oneof加名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。
8Wouldyoupleasepassme___?
Atwopaper Btwopapers
CtwopiecesofpaperDtwopiecesofpapers
?[答案]C.
[析]paper是不可數(shù)名詞,如講一張、兩張紙時(shí),要用量詞piece.
9September10this___Day.
ATeacherBTeachersCTeachersDTeachers
?[答案]D.
10Ionlyhave___breadforlunchtoday.
AabitBabitofClittleDfew
[答案]B.
11“Whatwouldyoulike,Ann?”“Idliketwo___.”
AglassofmilkBglassesofmilk
CglassofmilksDglassesofmilks
?[答案]B.
12Thereisnt___paperinthebox.Willyougoandget___forme?
Aany,someBany,anyCsome,someDsome,any
?[答案]A.
[析]any用于否定句與疑問(wèn)句,但如果要表達(dá)說(shuō)話者真心實(shí)意希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí),問(wèn)句中要用some而不要按一般語(yǔ)法規(guī)律用any.
13June1stis___.
AChildrensdayBchildrensDay
CChildrensDayDchildrensday?
[答案]C.
14Theseforeignfriendsare___.
AGermanBGermenCGermanyDGermans
[答案]D.
15Allthestudentsarebusy,so___ofthemwillgotothecinema.
AmanyBlittleCafewDfew
?[答案]D.
[析]student是可數(shù)名詞,而few用于可數(shù)名詞,意為:幾乎沒(méi)有學(xué)生去電影院。
16Therearethree___andseven___inthepicture.
Adeers,sheepsBdeers,sheep
Cdeer,sheepDdeer,sheeps
?[答案]C.
[析]deer與sheep均是單復(fù)同形的名詞。
?17Whoseroomisthis?Its___.
AmyBKikesandJohns
CourDKikeandJohns
[答案]D.
[析]因?yàn)閞oom為單數(shù),所以不可能是Kike的一間與John的一間,應(yīng)為二者共用的一間房子。
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