高中主謂一致教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2021-04-292016中考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理:主謂一致講解。
2016中考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理:主謂一致講解
1.語法一致的原則
2.意義一致的原則
3.鄰近一致的原則
謂語受主語支配,須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這叫做主謂一致。主謂
一致一般遵循三條原則:語法一致原則,意義一致原則和就近一致原則。
1.語法一致的原則
(1)以單數(shù)名詞或代詞,動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù);主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù),例如:
Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning.
Thechildrenareplayingoutside.
Toworkhardisnecessaryforastudent.
(2)由and或both……and連接的并列成分作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
BothheandIareright.
MrBlackandMrsBlackhaveasoncalledTom.
但并列主語如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:
Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl.
Thepoetandwriterhascome.
(3)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each,every修飾時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:
Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.
Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp.
(4)主語是單數(shù)時(shí),盡管后面跟有but,except,besides,with等介詞短語,謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。例如:
Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum.
Nobodybuttwoboyswaslateforclass.
Breadandbutterisadailyfoodinthewest.
(5)一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
Alotofpeoplearedancingoutside.
Thepolicearelookingforlostboy.
(6)由each,some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。例如:
Iseverybodyready?
Somebodyisusingthephone.
(7)有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞,如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
Wherearemyshoes?Ican’tfindthem.
Yourtrousersaredirty.You’dbetterchangethem.
如果這類名詞前用了apairof等,則往往用作單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.
Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed.
2.意義一致的原則
(1)表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如:
Twentyyearsisnotalongtime.
Tendollarsistoodear.
(2)有些集合名詞,如family,team等作主語時(shí),如作為一個(gè)整體看待,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如指其中每個(gè)成員,則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
Myfamilyisbigone.
MyfamilyarewatchingTV.
(3)不定代詞由all,most,more,some,any,none作主語時(shí),也要依這些代詞表示的意義來決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:
Alloftheworkhasbeenfinished.
Allofthepeoplehavegone.
(4)疑問代詞作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞也有兩種情況:主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);主語表示單數(shù)意義,則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:
Whoisyourbrother?
WhoareLeaguemembers?
(5)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的詞組作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要以of后面的名詞而定。名詞是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù):名詞是單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:
Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsarewomen.
Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.
(6)half,therest等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語時(shí),如果所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義,動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果所指為單數(shù)意義,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:
Ihavereadalargepartofthebook,therestismoredifficult.
Onlytenstudentsattendedtheclassbecausealltherestwereoffsick.
(7)由what引導(dǎo)地主于從句作主語時(shí),通常謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
Whatshesaidiscorrect.
Whatsheleftmeareafewoldbooks.
(8)凡是以“定冠詞+形容詞(或分詞)”作主語,往往根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果這種主語指的是一類人,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果指的是一個(gè)人或抽象概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:
Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.【www.676U.cOM 個(gè)人總結(jié)網(wǎng)】
Thedeadisafamousperson.
3.鄰近一致的原則
(1)由連詞or,either……or,neither……nor,notonly…butalso,等連接的并列主語,如果一個(gè)是單數(shù),一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動(dòng)詞按就近一致原則,與最靠近它的主語一致。例如:
EitheryouorIamright.
Neitherthechildrennortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.
(2)在“Therebe”句型中,謂語動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語一致。
Therearetwoapplesandoneegginit.
(3)aswellas和名詞連用時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞和第一個(gè)名詞相一致。
HeaswellasIisresponsibleforit.
不但是我,他對(duì)這件事也有責(zé)任。
(4)以here開頭的句子,其謂語動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語一致。
Hereisaletterandsomebooksforyou.
相關(guān)知識(shí)
2016中考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理:交際用語講解
2016中考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理:交際用語講解
初中階段要掌握的30個(gè)日常交際項(xiàng)目是:
1.問候Greetings
a.Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.
Hello/Hi.
Howareyou?
b.Fine,thankyou,Andyou?
Verywell,thankyou.
2.介紹Introductions
a.ThisisMr/Mrs/Miss/Comrade….
b.Howdoyoudo?
Nice/Gladtosee/meetyou.
c.Mynameis….
I’mastudent/workeretc.(here).
3.告別Farewells
a.Ithinkit’stimefortoleavenow.
b.Goodbye!(Bye-bye!Bye!)
Seeyoulater/tomorrow.(Seeyou.)
Goodnight.
4.打電話Makingtelephonecalls
a.Hello!MayIspeakto…?
Isthat…(speaking)?
b.Holdon,please.
He/Sheisn’thererightnow.
CanItakeamessageforyou?
c.Icalledtotell/askyou…
d.Goodbye.
5.感謝和應(yīng)答Thanksandresponses
a.Thankyou(verymuch).
Thanksalot.
Manythanks.
Thanksfor…
b.Notatall.
That’sallright.
You’rewelcome.
6.祝愿,祝賀和應(yīng)答Goodwishes,congratulations,responses
a.Goodluck!
Bestwishestoyou.
Haveanice/goodtime.
Congratulations!
c.Thankyou.
d.HappyNewYear!
MerryChristmas!
Happybirthdaytoyou.
e.Thesametoyou.
7.意愿Intentions
I’mgoingto…
Iwill...
I’dliketo…
Iwant/hopeto…
8.道歉和應(yīng)答Apologiesandresponses
a.I’msorry.(Sorry.)
I’msorryfor/about…
Excuseme.
b.That’sallright.
Itdoesn’tmatter.
That’snothing.
9.遺憾和同情Regretsandsympathy
Whatapity!
I’msorrytohear…
10.邀請(qǐng)和應(yīng)答Invitationsandresponses
a.Willyoucometo…?
Wouldyouliketo…?
b.Yes,I’dloveto…
Yes,it’sverykind/niceofyou.
c.I’dloveto,but…
11.提供(幫助等)和應(yīng)答Offersandresponses
a.CanIhelpyou?
WhatcanIdoforyou?
Here,takethis/my…
Letme…foryou.
Wouldyoulikesome…?
b.Thanks.Thatwouldbenice/fine.
Thankyouforyourhelp.
Yes,please.
c.No,thanks/thankyou.
That’sverykindofyou,but…
12.請(qǐng)求允許和應(yīng)答Askingforpermissionandresponses
a.MayI…?
Can/CouldI…?
b.Yes/Certainly.
Yes,doplease.
Ofcourse(youmay).
That’sOk/allright.
c.I’msorry,but…
You’dbetternot.
13.表示同意和不同意Expressingagreementanddisagreement
a.Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse.
Yes,please.
Yes,Ithinkso.
b.That’strue/OK.
That’sagoodidea.
Iagree(withyou).
c.No,Idon’tthinkso.
I’mafraidnot.
Ireallycan’tagreewithyou.
14.表示肯定和不肯定Expressingcertaintyanduncertainty
a.I’msure.
I’msure(that)…
b.I’mnotsure.
I’mnotsurewhether/if…
c.Maybe/Perhaps
15.喜好和厭惡Likesanddislikes
a.Ilike/love…(verymuch).
Ilike/loveto…
b.Idon’tlike(to)…
Ihate(to)…
16.談?wù)撎鞖釺alkingabouttheweather
a.What’stheweatherliketoday?
How’stheweatherin…?
b.It’sfine/cloudy/windy/rainy,etc.
It’sratherwarm/cold/hot/etc.today,isn’tit?
17.購(gòu)物Shopping
a.WhatcanIdoforyou?
May/CanIhelpyou?
b.Iwant/I’dlike…
Howmuchisit?
That’stoomuch/expensive,I’mafraid.
That’sfine.I’lltakeit.
Letmehave…kilo/box,etc.
c.Howmany/muchdoyouwant?
Whatcolour/size/kinddoyouwant?
d.Doyouhaveanyotherkind/size/colour,etc.?
18.問路和應(yīng)答Askingthewayandresponses
a.Excuseme.Where’sthemen’s/ladies’room?
Excuseme,canyoutellmethewayto…?
HowcanIgetto…?Idon’tknowtheway.
b.Godownthisstreet.
Turnright/leftatthefirst/secondcrossing.
It’sabout…metresfromhere.
19.問時(shí)間或日期和應(yīng)答Askingthetimeordateandresponses
a.Whatdayis(it)today?
What’sthedatetoday?
Whattimeisit?
What’sthetime,please?
b.It’sMonday/Tuesday,etc.
It’sJanuary10th.
It’sfiveo,clock/halfpastfive/aquartertofive/fivethirty,etc.
It’stimefor…
20.請(qǐng)求Requests
a.Can/Couldyou…forme?
Will/wouldyouplease…?
MayIhave…?
b.Pleasegive/passme…
Pleasewait(here/amoment).
Pleasewaitforyourturn.
Pleasestandinline/lineup.
Pleasehurry.
c.Don’trush/crowd.
Nonoise,please.
Nosmoking,please.
21.勸告和建議Adviceandsuggestions
a.You’dbetter…
Youshould…
Youneed(to)…
b.Shallwe…?
Let’s…
What/Howabout…?
22.禁止和警告Prohibitionandwarnings
a.Youcan’t/mustn’t…
Ifyou…,you’ll…
b.Takecare!
Becareful!
Lookout!
23.表示感情Expressingcertainemotions
a.喜悅Pleasure,joy
I’mglad/pleased/happyto…
That’snice.
That’swonderful/great.
b.焦慮Anxiety
What’swrong?
What’sthematter(withyou)?
I’m/He’s/She’sworried.
Oh,whatshallI/wedo?
c.驚奇Surprise
Really?
Ohdear?
Isthatso?
24.就餐Takingmeals
a.Whatwouldyouliketohave?
Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?
b.I’dlike…
Wouldyoulikesomemore…?
Helpyourselftosome…
c.Thankyou.I’vehadenough/Justalittle,please.
25.約會(huì)Makingappointments
a.Areyoufreethisafternoon/evening?
Howabouttomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening?
Shallwemeetat4:30at…?
b.Yes,that’sallright.
Yes,I’llbefreethen.
c.No,Iwon’tbefreethen.ButI’llbefree…
a.Allright.Seeyouthen.
26.傳遞信息Passingonamessage
a.Willyoupleasegivethisnote/messageto…?
b.askedmetogiveyouthisnote.
c.Thanksforthemessage.
27.看病Seeingthedoctor
a.There’ssomethingwrongwith…
I’vegotacough.
Ifeelterrible(bad).
Idon’tfeelwell.
I’vegotapainhere.
Thisplacehurts.
b.Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.
Drinkplentyofwaterandhaveagoodrest.
It’snothingserious.
You’llberight/wellsoon.
28.求救Callingforhelp
a.Help!
b.What’sthematter?
29.語言困難Languagedifficulties
Pardon.
Pleasesaythatagain/moreslowly.
Whatdoyoumeanby…?
I’msorryIcan’tfollowyou.
I’msorryIknowonlyalittleEnglish.
30.常見的標(biāo)志和說明Somecommonsignsandinstructions
BUSINESSHOURSFRAGILE
OFFICEHOURSTHISSIDEUP
OPENMENU
CLOSEDNOSMOKING
PULLNOPARKING
PUSHNOPHOTOS
ONDANGER!
OFFPLAY
ENTRANCESTOP
EXITPAUSE
INSTRUCTIONS
同學(xué)們?cè)谥锌紡?fù)習(xí)時(shí),首先應(yīng)熟記教材第一至三冊(cè)中出現(xiàn)的常用交際用語和習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。重點(diǎn)掌握問路、打電話、購(gòu)物、看病、就餐和談?wù)撎鞖獾攘N情景中的表達(dá)方法。明確學(xué)習(xí)交際用語的目的是為了培養(yǎng)與講英語人士進(jìn)行口頭交際的能力。學(xué)習(xí)日常交際用語,要了解西方的風(fēng)土人情,必須記住一些典型的日常交際用語;要明確談話的場(chǎng)合和對(duì)象,因?yàn)樵谠S多交際場(chǎng)合,怎么問和怎么答都有一些約定俗成的語言;要注意中西文化傳統(tǒng)和背景的不同,使用得體的語言。因此,同學(xué)們必須熟悉這些套話,熟練地掌握它們。這樣才能結(jié)合自己所處的環(huán)境,知道在什么時(shí)候、什么地方、用什么方式、對(duì)什么人使用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言表達(dá)出自己的意思,給予正確的應(yīng)答,還要能自如應(yīng)付各種形式的測(cè)試,如單項(xiàng)選擇、對(duì)號(hào)入座、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話及排列順序等。
做這類題目的思路和方法歸納起來有以下九點(diǎn):
1.要根據(jù)不同的情景,使用不同的表達(dá)法。
2.要正確判斷出對(duì)話的情景。
3.問話或答語不能離題。
4.用篩選法選擇正確對(duì)話。
5.從語意進(jìn)行判斷。
6.根據(jù)習(xí)慣用法進(jìn)行選擇。
7.答語要符合西方人的文化、風(fēng)俗和習(xí)慣。
8.要使用文明禮貌的語言。
9.要遵照口語交際特點(diǎn),不要死套語法規(guī)則。
2019年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn):主謂一致問題
每個(gè)老師為了上好課需要寫教案課件,又到了寫教案課件的時(shí)候了。只有規(guī)劃好教案課件工作計(jì)劃,才能更好地安排接下來的工作!你們會(huì)寫多少教案課件范文呢?小編特地為大家精心收集和整理了“2019年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn):主謂一致問題”,希望對(duì)您的工作和生活有所幫助。
2019年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn):主謂一致問題
1、主語和謂語基本保持單復(fù)數(shù)的一致,即:主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式:如:
Thecomputerwasagreatinvention.(計(jì)算機(jī)是個(gè)了不起的發(fā)明)
Thewaterintheglassisverycold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)
2、集體名詞(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主語時(shí),
①如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數(shù)形式,如:
ClassThreeisaverygoodclass.(三班是好班)
②如果表示其中的所有成員時(shí),則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:
ClassThreehaveamapofChina.(三班有張中國(guó)地圖)
3、Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示單個(gè)時(shí)謂語用單數(shù),表示許多時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
Thereisasheepintheyard.(院子里有只綿羊)
Therearesomesheepintheyard.(院子里有一些綿羊)
4、maths,news等雖然有s結(jié)尾,但不是復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語仍用單數(shù):
Thenewsisveryexciting.(這個(gè)消息令人興奮)
5、glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
ThetrousersareverycheapandIwanttotakethem.(褲子很便宜,我想買)
6、alotof后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,跟不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)形式。如:
Alotofstudentsareplayingbaseballnow.(現(xiàn)在有許多學(xué)生在打壘球)
Alotoftimewaswastedonthatwork.(大量的時(shí)間花在了那個(gè)工作上)(被動(dòng)句)
7、and連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語時(shí),謂語原則上用復(fù)數(shù),但是兩個(gè)名詞若構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體事物時(shí),謂語則用單數(shù)。如:
Theteacherandhissonarepickingapplesnow.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果)
Fishandchipsisveryfamousfood.(魚和薯?xiàng)l是一種出名的食品)
8、therebe句型中be的單復(fù)數(shù)一般由靠近的名詞決定。如:
Thereisatableandfourchairsintheroom.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子)
9、用both…and…連接兩個(gè)事物做主語時(shí),謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
BothyouandIarerequiredtobeheretomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來)
10、主語中含有with的短語時(shí),謂語單復(fù)數(shù)由with之前的人物決定。如:
Awomanwitha7-year-oldchildwasstandingatthesideoftheroad.(一名婦女帶著一個(gè)七歲的孩子(當(dāng)時(shí))就站在路邊)
11、either…or…或者neither…nor…連接兩個(gè)人物做句子主語時(shí),謂語采用就近原則。如:
Eitheryouorheisright.(要么是你對(duì),要么是他對(duì)。/你和他有一個(gè)人是對(duì)的)
NeitheryounorIamgoingthere.(你和我都不打算去那里)
12、表示一段時(shí)間或長(zhǎng)度概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí),謂語一般用單數(shù)。如:
Twomonthsisnotashorttime.(兩個(gè)月不是個(gè)短時(shí)間)
Twothousandkilometersisquitealongdistance(距離)。(兩千千米是相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段距離)
13、主語中含有halfof…/threequartersof…/all(of)the…等詞語時(shí),謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞確定,如:
OverthreequartersoftheinformationontheInternetisinEnglish.(因特網(wǎng)上四分之三以上的信息是用英語寫的)
Athirdofthestudentswereplayingnearthelake.(學(xué)生的三分之一(當(dāng)時(shí))正在湖邊玩耍)
Allofthewaterintheserivershasbeenpolluted.(這些河流中的水已經(jīng)被污染了)(被動(dòng)句)
但是,population一詞又有特殊情況:
WhatsthepopulationofChina?(中國(guó)人口是多少?)(句子用單數(shù))
ThreequartersofthepopulationinthiscityareArabs(阿拉伯人)。(這個(gè)城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用復(fù)數(shù))
2016中考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理:短語動(dòng)詞和句型的講解
2016中考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理:短語動(dòng)詞和句型的講解
1.短語動(dòng)詞的辨析;
2.英語句子的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu);
3.初中階段主要句型的用法。
短語動(dòng)詞是中考的重要內(nèi)容之一。在初中階段,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了不少短語
動(dòng)詞,把他們加以歸納總結(jié),進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)是十分必要的。英語中有許多短語動(dòng)詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體,其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,有的相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞,有的兼有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特征。
1.短語動(dòng)詞的分類
(1)動(dòng)詞+介詞
常見的有l(wèi)ookfor,lookafter,askfor,laughat,hearof等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如:
Don’tlaughatothers.
Tomaskedhisparentsforabike.
(2)動(dòng)詞+副詞
常見的有g(shù)iveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語如果是名詞,既可放在副詞前邊,又可放在副詞后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則要放在副詞前邊。如:
You’llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.
Pleasedon’tforgettohanditin.
(3)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞
常見的有g(shù)oonwith,catchupwith等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如:
GoonandI’llcatchupwithyouinfiveminutes.
Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.
(4)動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞
常見的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如:
Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.
Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.
(5)動(dòng)詞+形容詞
常見的有l(wèi)eaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語如果是名詞,則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊,也可放在后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則必須放在形容詞前邊。如:
Theprisonersweresetfree.
Hecutitopen.
(6)動(dòng)詞+名詞
常見的有takeplace,makefriends等。這類短語動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如:
Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.
Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.
2.短語動(dòng)詞的辨析
(1)bemadein(在……生產(chǎn)或制造),bemadeof(由……組成或構(gòu)成)
(2)comedown(下來;落),comealong(來;隨同),cometooneself(蘇醒),cometrue(實(shí)現(xiàn)),comeout(花開;發(fā)芽;出現(xiàn);出來),comeover(過來;順便來訪),comein(進(jìn)來),comeon(來吧;跟著來;趕快),comeupwith(找到;提出)
(3)doone’sbest(盡最大努力),dowellin(在……干得好),doone’shomework(做作業(yè)),dosomereading(閱讀)
(4)fallasleep(入睡),fallbehind(落在…..后面),falloff(從……掉下),falldown(到下;跌倒)
(5)getdown(下來;落下),geton(上車),getto(到達(dá)),getup(起床),getback(回來;取回),getoff(下來),getonwellwith(與……相處融洽),getmarried(結(jié)婚),gettogether(相聚)
(6)giveup(放棄),give…ahand(給與……幫助),giveaconcert(開音樂會(huì))
(7)goback(回去),goon(繼續(xù)),gohome(回家),gotobed(睡覺),goover(過一遍;仔細(xì)檢查),goout(外出;到外面),gowrong(走錯(cuò)路),goondoing(繼續(xù)做某事),goshopping(買東西),goboating(去劃船),gofishing(去釣魚),gohiking(去徒步旅行),goskating(去滑冰),gostraightalong(沿著……一直往前走)
(8)havealook(看一看),haveaseat(坐下),havesupper(吃晚餐),havearest(休息),havesports(進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng)),haveacold(感冒),haveacough(咳嗽),haveagoodtime(過得愉快),haveaheadache(頭痛),haveatry(嘗
試;努力)
(9)lookfor(尋找),lookout(留神;注意),lookover(仔細(xì)檢查),lookup(向上看;抬頭看),lookafter(照顧;照看),lookat(看;觀看),looklike(看起來像),lookthesame(看起來像),
(10)makefriends(交朋友),makephonecalls(打電話),makemoney(賺錢),makethebed(整理床鋪),makeanoise(吵鬧),makeafaces(做鬼臉),makeone’swayto(往……走去),makeroomfor(給……騰出地方),makeadecision(做出決定),makeamistake(犯錯(cuò)誤),makeupone’smind(下決心)
(11)puton(上演;穿上;戴上),putup(掛起;舉起),putdown(把某物放下來),putaway(把某物收起來),putoff(推遲)
(12)takeoff(脫掉衣服),takephotos(照相),taketime(花費(fèi)時(shí)間),takeout(取出),takeaseat(坐下),takeanactivepartin(積極參加),takecareof(照顧;照料;注意),takeexercise(做運(yùn)動(dòng)),takeone’splace(坐某人的位置;代替某人的職務(wù)),taketurn(輪流)
(13)talkabout(談話;交談),talkwith(和……交談)
(14)turnon(打開電燈,收音機(jī),煤氣,自來水等),turnoff(關(guān)上電燈,收音機(jī),煤氣,自來水等),turndown(關(guān)小;調(diào)低),turn…over(把…..翻過來)
(15)thinkof(認(rèn)為;想起),thinkabout(考慮)
3.句子的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)
根據(jù)句子所用動(dòng)詞的不同,句子可歸納為五個(gè)基本句型。
(1)主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語。例如:
Mymotherisadoctor.
Hervoicesoundsnice.
(2)主語+不及物動(dòng)詞。例如:
Herunsfast.
Westudyhard.
(3)主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語。例如:
Childrenoftensingthissong.
HestudiesEnglish.
1)常用-ing形式,而不用不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有:enjoy,finish,feellike,consider,practise,keep,suggest,mind等。例如:
Sheenjoysreadingnovelsandswimming.
Ifinishedreadingthebooklastnight.
2)常用不定式,而不用-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有:wish,hope,agree,plan,decide,refuse等。例如:
Wheredowishtosit?
Tomagreedtolendsomemoney.
3)有些及物動(dòng)詞既可用不定式,由可用-ing形式作賓語,但意義不同。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有:remember,forget等。例如:
Pleaseremembertoposttheletterforme.
請(qǐng)記住替我發(fā)了這封信。
Irememberpostingtheletter.
我記得那封信寄過了。
Stop的用法同上面的詞相仿,不過stop后面跟不定式不是作賓語,而是作狀語。試比較下列句子:
Hestoppedtosmoke.他停下來吸煙。
Hestoppedsmoking.他停止吸煙了。
4)有些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語,既可用不定式,又可用-ing形式,意義基本相同。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有:like,love,hate,begin,start,continue等。例如:
Iliketoswiminsummer.
Ilikeswimminginsummer.
(4)主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語。例如:
Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.
Hegavemeanapple.
1)及物動(dòng)詞之后跟有雙賓語,往往一個(gè)指人,一個(gè)指物。指人的為間接賓語,
指物的為直接賓語。一般情況下,間接賓語在前,直接賓語在后。如果要
把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后,間接賓語前需加介詞。例如:
Pleasepassmeacupoftea.=Pleasepassacupofteatome.
Showmeyournewbook,please.=Pleaseshowyournewbooktome.
2)把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后,間接賓前有時(shí)加介詞to,有時(shí)加介詞for,這主要取決于謂語動(dòng)詞。一般在動(dòng)詞give,tell,sell,lend,show之后加to。在動(dòng)詞buy,make,get等之后加for。例如:
Wouldyoulendmeyourdictionary,please?=Wouldyoulendyourdictionarytome,please?
Tom’smotherboughthimapairofnewshoes.=Tom’smotherboughtapairofnewshoesforhim.
(5)主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:
Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
Ihearsomeonesinginginthenextroom.
1)及物動(dòng)詞指后跟有復(fù)合賓語,一個(gè)是賓語,一個(gè)是賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。例如:
WecallhimJack.
Don’tgetyourhandsdirty.
2)在及物動(dòng)詞之后,用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和用-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示
的意思往往不同。用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語指事情的全過程;用-ing形式作
賓語補(bǔ)足語指正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的一部分。例如:
Iheardhimsingthatsong.(我聽他唱過那首歌。)
WhenIcameback,Iheardhimsingingintheroom.
(我回來時(shí),聽見他正在房間里唱歌。)
3)在感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch,listento,lookat使役動(dòng)詞let,make,have等的復(fù)合賓語種,不定式須省去to。但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí),省去的to要加上。例如:
Isawhimgointotheroom.
Hewasseentogointotheroom.
4.初中階段主要句型的用法。
1.Itstimeto(for)....表“時(shí)間到了;該干…的時(shí)間了”之意。
Itstimetogohome.
Itstimeforschool.
注意:to的后面接動(dòng)詞短語,而for的后面接名詞。
2.Itsbad(good)for...表示“對(duì)…有害(有益)的”含義。
Pleasedontsmoke.Itsbadforyourhealth.
Pleasetakemoreexercise.Itsgoodforyourhealth.
3.belatefor(school)是“上學(xué)(遲到)”之意。for后面還可以接meeting或class。
Hewaslateforschoolthismorning.
Dontbelateforclass,please.
4.hadbetterdo/notdosth.表示“最好做/不做某事”之意。
Youhadbetterputonthecoatwhenyougoout.Itscoldoutside.
Wehadbetterstoptohavearest.
注意:用hadbetter時(shí),后面一定要直接跟動(dòng)詞原形,決不能加todosth.否定一定用在第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞之前,是動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式。
5.be(feel)afraidof...表示“恐怕”,“害怕…”之意。
Heisafraidofsnakes.
Maryfeelsafraidofgoingoutalone.
6.enjoydoingsth.是“喜歡(愛好)做某事”之意,doing是動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞enjoy的賓語。enjoy有欣賞之意。
AreyouenjoylivinginBeijing?
Doyouenjoylisteningtomusic?
7.stopdoingsth.停止做某事
stoptodosth.停下來做某事
Itstimeforclass.Stoptalking,please.
Whenshesawme,shestoppedtotalkwithme.
8.Let(make)sb.do讓(使)某人做某事。
Letsgotoschool.
Fathermadehissoncleantheroomagain.
注意:當(dāng)makesb.dosth.用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞前面就一定要加to了。如:
Hissonwasmadetocleantheroomagain.
hewasmadetoworktwelvehoursadayinthepast.
9.liketodo/likedoingsth.是“喜歡做某事”之意。
liketodosth.是表示比較具體的喜歡做某事;likedoingsth.是表示寵統(tǒng)的喜歡做某事。如:
Iliketoswimintheswimmingpool.
我喜歡在游泳池中游泳。(喜歡的具體的地方游泳)
Ilikeswimming.我喜歡游泳(只講喜歡這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng))
10.ask(tell)sb.todo.(nottodo)sth.請(qǐng)(讓)某人(不)做某事
Jimaskedhismothertohelphimwithhislessons.
Whendidyoutellhimnottoshoutloudly?
11.give(lend)sb.sth.=give(lend)sth.tosb.給(借給)某人某物
Mikegavemeanewpairofstockings.
Pleaselendusyourcar.
12.bebusydoingsth.表示“忙于做某事”之意。
Thestudentsarebusygettingreadyfortheexams.
IsMrsBlackbusywashingclothes?
13.too...to...表示“太…以致不能…”的含義。
Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.
Theoldmanwastootiredtowalkfarther.
14.not……until……是“直……才……”之意。
Mydaughterdidntgotobeduntil11oclocklastnight.
Wewonthavetimetorestuntilthesummerholidaycomes.
15.so……that是“如此……以致……”的意思。
Peterissocleverthatalltheteacherslikehimverymuch.
Thesongissowonderfulthateveryonelikestolistentoit.
16.neither……nor……是“既不……也不……”之意。
Mr.Smithisneitheraworkernorasoldier.Heisascientist.
NeitheryounorIamfree.
17.enoughtodosth.是“足以去做某事”之意。
Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.
Peterwastallenoughtoreachtheapple.
19.prefer……to……是“比起來,還是……好,”“喜歡……而不喜歡”之意。
IpreferEnglishtomaths=IlikeEnglishbetterthanmaths
Heprefersplayingfootballtoplayingbasketball.
20.not……atall……是“根本不……”之意。
IdontknowMr.Kingatall.
Daviddoesntlikesingingatall.
21.keepsb.doingsth.是“使某人繼續(xù)做某事”之意。
Mr.Wangdidntcometoschoolontime.Shekeptmewaitingfortwohours.
DontkeepyourmotherdoingeverythingforyouYoushoulddoitbyyourself.
22.keepsth.+adj.是“保持某物處于某種狀況”之意。
Pleasekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
Thatwoolsweaterkeptherbodywarmenough.
23.seesb.doingsth.表示“看見某人正在做某事”之意。
Whenmybrotherpassedthepostoffice,hesawalittleboycryingatthedoor.
Didyouseeacarcominghere?
24.seesb.dosth.是“看見某人做了某事”之意。
Thatgirlsawanoldwomanfalldownontheroadyesterday.
Haveyouseentheleavesdropintotheriver?
25.hearsb.doingsth.是“聽到某人正在做某事”之意。
Listen!Canyouhearsomeonesingingonthehill?
WeheardhimtalkingwithMr.Liloudlyjustnow.
26.hearsb.dosth.表示“聽見某人做了某事”之意。
Hewasoftenheardtosinginhisroominthepast.
Whydidntyouhearmecomeintothesittingrom?
27.beusedfordoingsth.是“被用來做某事”的意思。
Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.
Teapotisusedforkeepingteawarm.
28.Itsthreemetreslong/high/wide.它是三米長(zhǎng)(高、寬)形容詞要放在后面作后置定語。句型是It/主語+be+數(shù)詞+米/公里+形容詞。
Hisfatherisoneandseventymetrestall.
Thatriverisfiftymetreswide.
29.Whatswrongwith......?/Whatstheproblemwith......?/Whatsthetroublewith......?/Whatsthematter?表示“出了什么毛病?”“…哪兒不舒服?”“怎么啦?”的含義。
Whatswrongwithyourcar?
Whatswrongwithyou,littlegirl?
Whatsthematterwithyourwatch?
30.Wouldyoulike(todo)......?是“你想要…嗎?”的意思。like后面可以接名詞,詞組或動(dòng)詞不定式。提出一種建議或邀請(qǐng)。
Wouldyoulikesomefish?
Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithme?
31.Willyoupleasedosth?是“你想要做……嗎?”
Willyoupleasesayitmoreslowly?
Willyoupleasenotopenthewindow?Ifeelcold.
32.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.是“做某事花費(fèi)某人一段時(shí)間”之意。可以用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過去式和一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。
Itwilltakeustwohourstogooverallthewordsandexpressions.
IttookMrWanghalfanhourtocleanthebedroom.
33.Idlikesb.todosth.是“我希望某人來做某事”之意。
Idlikemyfriendtohelpmewithmylessons.
HedlikeJimtoteachhimhowtousethecomputer.
34.Theressth.wrongwith......是“某物/人出了問題”,“某物/人有了毛病”之意。
ThereissomethingwrongtheTVset.=SomethingiswrongwiththeTVset.
Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecar.Itdoesntmove.
35.Idontthinkthat+clause是“我想…不會(huì)…”“我認(rèn)為…不…”之意。
Idontthinkthatanyofthequestionsisdifficult.
Wedontthinkhewillhavetimetomorrow.
36.Whatabout......?表示征求意見,詢問消息,是“…好不好?”“…怎么樣?”之意。
Whataboutsometea?
Whataboutyourmother?Issheallright?
37.Whynotdo...?是表示建議,“為什么不……?”之意。
Whynothavearest?Youhavealreadyworkedforfourhours.
Whynotcometoplaygameswithus?=Whydontyoucometoplaygameswithus?
38.Whatdoyoumeanby......?是“請(qǐng)問…是什么意思?”之意。
Whatdoyoumeanby"scientist",please?
Whatdoyoumeanby"manager",please?
可以說Whatisthemeaningof"manager"?或Whatdoesthe"manager"mean?
39.Youlikesingingverymuch.SodoI.你非常喜歡唱歌。我也非常喜歡。
SodoI.=Ilikesingingverymuch,too.
So在句型"so+be(have,助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語中"有“也”,“同樣”的意思,表示前面所說的情況,也適合于另一個(gè)人(或物)。
Hesawtheaccident,andsodidI.
Shecanrideahorse,andsocanI.
40.ItseasyforhimtolearnEnglishwell.學(xué)好英語對(duì)他來說很容易。
Its+adj.+forsb.+todosth.是“對(duì)某人來說做某事怎么樣”之意。It是代詞作形式主語,真正的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式(或短語),為避免句子頭重腳輕而將主語放在了后面。
Itisdangerousforchildrentoplayinthestreet.
Itwaseasyforhertotidyherroomjustnow.