小學(xué)英語語法優(yōu)秀教案

英語語法----介詞Preposition（Prep.）。

一名優(yōu)秀的教師在教學(xué)時(shí)都會(huì)提前最好準(zhǔn)備，教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案，這是教師的任務(wù)之一。教案可以讓學(xué)生更容易聽懂所講的內(nèi)容，讓教師能夠快速的解決各種教學(xué)問題。你知道怎么寫具體的教案內(nèi)容嗎？下面是小編精心為您整理的“英語語法----介詞Preposition（Prep.）”，歡迎大家閱讀，希望對大家有所幫助。

英語語法----介詞Preposition（Prep.）
一、定義：用在n.（或相當(dāng)于n.的其它詞類、短語或從句）之前，說明其與句子中另一成分的關(guān)系的詞，又稱前置詞。
二、分類：3種
1．簡單介詞（SimplePrepositions）
e.g.about,above,behind,besides,down,during,in,near,round,since,towards,with
2．復(fù)合介詞（CompoundPrepositions）
e.g.fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,inside,outside,within,without,into,onto,outof,upon,throughout
3．短語介詞（PhrasalPrepositions）
e.g.accordingto,apartfrom（除……之外）,asaresultof,asfor/to（至于，關(guān)于）,
becauseof,dueto（由于）,inadditionto（除……之外，不但=besides,infrontof,
inspiteof(盡管),insteadof,owingto（由于）
三、常見簡單介詞的基本用法
1.about1)關(guān)于，有關(guān)e.g.
Ihavenotheardsomuch~him.Idon’tknowwhatyou’retalking~.
2）差不多，大約e.g.
About500Ssattendedthelecture.Aboutwhenwillyougoabroad?
3）表示地點(diǎn)：在周圍，在附近，各處，到處e.g.
Treesareplanted~thelake.
Theylivesomewhere~thePeople’sSquare.
Don’tleaveyourbooks~yourdesk.Ihaven’tanysmallchange~/onme.
4）“即將”（近期將來）e.g.
Thefilmis~tobegin.It’snearly7:00.Thetrainis~toleave.
2.above1）在……上方e.g.
Abirdisflyingabovethewoods.Thereisaportraitabovetheblackboard.
2）（在數(shù)量上）超過e.g.
Themanisnotyetforty,butwell~thirty.
ThenumberofnewSsthisyearis~fourhundred.
3）（能力等）勝過，超越；因太困難、太好而不……e.g.
Theproblemis~me.（這問題太難我不懂。）
Johnis~alltheotherSsinmathematics.
3.across1）在……對面/對過e.g.
Myunclelives~myhome.Thereisabookshop~thestreet.
2）橫越，橫過e.g.
Thelittlegirlhelpedtheblindman~theriver.
Thetalltreefelldown~thestreet.
3）經(jīng)過……e.g.
Therevolutiondevelopedacrossthewholecentury.
4.after1）在……后（時(shí)間）e.g.
Afterwork/class,wewenthomeexcepthim.
Theday~tomorrowwewillgotoShanghai.
2）在……的后面（順序）e.g.
Pleaseshut/closethedoorafter/behindyou.
3）仿照，按照（引申意義）e.g.
Readafterme,please.Rewritethefollowingsentences~themodel.
Anewchurchwillbebuilt~theoldone.
4）追求（引申意義）e.g.
Whatareyouafter?Oh,hereisthethingI’mafter.
Ifyourun~twohares,you’llcatchneither.
5）固定詞組：e.g.
afteralllookafter=takecareof
5.against1）靠，倚，碰e.g.
Therainwasbeating~thewindows.Heputtheladderagainstthewall.
Hewasleaning~thewindow,reading.Themansawaharerun~atree.
2）反對，禁止（引申意義）e.g.
Weareforpeaceand~war.Isthereanybody~thesuggestion?
3）違反，違背（引申意義）e.g.
Thissentenceis~grammar.
Intheolddaysgirlsweremarried~theirownwill.
Nobodyshoulddoanything~thelaw.
4）頂著，對著e.g.
Weplayedthefirsthalf（上半場）~thewind.
Learningislikesailingaboat~thecurrent(氣流).
治學(xué)如同逆水行舟。
5）防備，準(zhǔn)備（引申意義）e.g.
Theysavedfirewood（干柴）~winter.Manisfightingabattle~pollution.
6.along順著，沿著e.g.
Treesareplanted~thestreet.
Walking~NanjingRoadyesterday,Imetanoldfriendofmine.
7.among在……當(dāng)中/中間≥3e.g.
XiaoSunisthebestone~hisclassmates.Theteacherissitting~theSs.
8.around1）在……的周圍，圍繞e.g.
Shewearsanecklace/watch~herneck/wrist.
Theearthturns/goes/travels~thesun.
2）在……各處e.g.
Hedidalotoftravel~thecountryduringthesummerholidays.
WeshowedourJapanesefriends~ourschool.
3）大約（時(shí)間、數(shù)量）e.g.
around/aboutthirtyyearsoldAbigelephantmayweigh~fivetons.
4）在……那邊e.g.
Thereisaschoolshop~theschoollibrary.
Aroundthecornerofthestreet,you’llseeasecond-handbookshop.
（舊書店）
9.at1）表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、價(jià)錢、速度、年齡e.g.
atteno’clockattheschoolattheageof40
at(aspeedof)150kilometresanhour
Peopleliketobuyeggsfromhimbecausehesellsatalowerprice.
Note:表示價(jià)格時(shí)，at須和price連用，如只說具體價(jià)錢，則用。e.g.
Iboughtthisdictionaryfor60yuan.
2）表示動(dòng)作之方向、目的：朝，向e.g.
Hethrewastoneatadog.Thefoxranattheboy.
Heshotatthebird,butmissedit/didn’tshootit.
3）處于某種狀態(tài)（引申意義）e.g.
Weareatmeeting.Thetwocountriesareatwar.
4）表示引起某種情緒的原因。e.g.
Wearesurprisedatyoursuccess.Theyweresadathearingsuchbadnews.
5）在……號(hào)召，召集，請求下（引申意義）e.g.
Hewrotetheletteratourrequest.
InOctober1986,QueenElizabethIIoftheGreatBritainvisitedChinaat
theinvitationoftheChinesegovernment.
6）固定詞組中：e.g.
atfirst,atlast,at(the)most,at(the)least,atonce,atpresent,athome,
atnight,atthebeginning,atthesametime,notatalletc.
10.before1）在……的前面（位置）反義behinde.g.
Hewasstanding~theclass,readytospeak.
Neverputthecartbeforethehorse.不要本末倒置。
2）在……以前（時(shí)間）反義aftere.g.
Handinyourpaper~Sunday.Wegetup~sixeverymorning.
11.behind1）在……的后面（位置）e.g.
Thegarage(車庫)is~thehouse.Hecameoutfrom~thedoor.
2）遲于，晚于，誤時(shí)/點(diǎn)e.g.
Thetrainisbehindtime.
Theplanewastwohours~timebecauseofthestorm.
3）劣于，不如，落后e.g.
Myoldfatherisbehindthetimes.
Becauseofhisillness,heis~theothersinhisstudies.
12.below1）在……下面e.g.
Hisofficeisbelowmine.Thetemperaturetodayis~freezingpoint.
2）低于e.g.
Heisbelowmeintheclass.
13.beside1）在……的旁邊e.g.
Hesatbesidemeatdinner.Thecity’slargeststadiumstands~alake.
2）相比（引申意義）e.g.
MyEnglishispoorbesideyours.
3）離題，與……無關(guān)e.g.
Thisis~thetopicfordiscussion.
Whatyouaretalkingaboutis~thepoint.
14.besides除……之外（還）e.g.
WeallwenttoBeijing~ourteacher.
Ilikemathematics,physics,besidesEnglish.
BesidesbeingthelargestcityinChina,Shanghaiisalsothecentreof
industry,education,scienceandculture.
Besides:表示加法，“除了……還有……”
Except:表示減法，“把……不算在其中”e.g.
Helikesdifferentkindsofsportsbesidesfootball.
Helikesdifferentkindsofsportsexceptfootball.
其它運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目+足球≠足球不在內(nèi)的多種不同運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目
Note:expectfor(除去部分與前面敘述內(nèi)容不屬于同一范疇)e.g.
Hiscompositionisgoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes.
(expectfor在意義上=exceptthat)
15.between1)在兩者之間e.g.
Cometomyofficebetween10and11o’clock.
What’sthedifferencebetween“between”and“among”?
2)表示兩者以上的相互關(guān)系e.g.
Aftertheyeachtouchedtheelephant,thesixblindmenquarreled
betweenthemselves.
Thereissomelittledifferencebetweenthethreewords.
Note:betweenamonge.g.
Thevillageliesbetweenthethreehills.TheteacherissittingamongtheSs.
16.beyond1)遠(yuǎn)在……之外e.g.
Theycamefrombeyondtheseas(海外).
Theaccidenthappenedbeyondthesquare.
Beyondthevillageisariver.村那面有條河.
2)超過,勝過,為……所不及e.g.
Thebookisbeyondme.這本書我看不懂。
17.but1)除了……之外(=except)e.g.
Theyalllikedthefilm~him.Noone~mewasintheofficejustnow.
Ihadnothingintheworldbutamillion-poundnote.
Thereisnothingforsupperbutsomenoodles.
Notes:①butprep.常與否定詞連用;②butprep.可跟不定式。e.g.
Thehibernatinganimalshavenochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.
IdidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight.
Ihadnothingtodo
如but前面有do或某種形式時(shí),常省略to。
2）用于固定詞組中。e.g.
①cannothelpbutdo不能不…；忍不住…②anythingbut根本不，決不
②nothingbut只有，只不過是…④butfor要不是
Icouldnothelpbutcry.我忍不住哭了出來。
Myincomeisanythingbutlarge.我的收入絕對不能算多。
Sheisanythingbuthonest.她決非誠實(shí)之輩。
Thisisnothingbutajoke.
Butforthedoctor,Imighthavediedlongago.
18.by1)靠近，在……旁邊e.g.
Thenewlibrarystandsbytheriver.Thereisatalltreebytheriver.
Hewasstandingbythewindow,reading.
2）由……旁邊經(jīng)過，路過，沿著e.g.
Igobyhisofficeeveryday.Hepassedbymewithoutsayingaword.
3）用……方法/手段e.g.
bybike,train,bus,plane,air,water,sea
Thelittlematchgirlearnedherlivingbysellingmatches.
Riceseedlings(稻秧)usedtobeplantedbyhand.
4）表示程度、尺寸、數(shù)量、時(shí)間e.g.
Heispaidbythehour.What’sthetimebyyourwatch?
Inthe100-metrerace,JohnbeatDickbyashoulder.
5）到……時(shí)候，不遲于e.g.
I’llreturnthebookstohimbyWednesdaymorning.
He’llcertainlycomeby5o’clock..
Bytheendoflastweek,wehadlearned15units.
6）依據(jù)，奉命e.g.
Neverjudgepeoplebytheirappearance/whattheywear.
7）組成介詞短語e.g.
byandby（不久）onebyone（一個(gè)個(gè)地）
daybyday（天天不斷地）stepbystep（一步步地）
sidebyside（肩并肩）littlebylittle（逐漸地）
bychance（偶然，碰巧）byheart（默記下來）
byoneself（獨(dú)自地）bytheway（順便提/問一下）
19.down1）往下e.g.
Theboyfelldownthestairsandbrokehisarm.
Itwasalmostdarkwhenhewentdownthehill.
2）updown
城市、北、河上游、近處鄉(xiāng)村、南、河下游、遠(yuǎn)處e.g.
Theywereswimmingup/downtheriver.I’llgouptoTianjintomorrow.
Doyouseethemanwalkingdownthestreet?He’smyuncle.
(并非路面此高彼低，而是那個(gè)人離說話人而去。)
20.during在……的期間/時(shí)候e.g.
Thestoryhappened~the(American)CivilWar.
Duringtheday,thelightcomesinthroughthewindow.
LaoWangwasinchargeofthefactory~themanager’sabsence.
Gooveryourlessons~yourholidays.
21.except除……以外e.g.
WehavelessonsexceptSunday.
22.for1)為了（表示目的，指人、物）e.g.
Icamehereformypen.Whatareyoudoingthatfor?
Iboughtthewatchformywife’sbrotherasapresent.
2）贊成，支持（表示同意、愿望等）e.g.
Idon’tlikesummer,I’mforcoolweather.Weareforpeaceandagainstwar.
3）替，為，對于，供e.g.
Iwrotealetterforhim.(Iwrotealettertohim.是何義？)
I’llreadthereportforyou.(I’llreadthereporttoyou.是何義？)
That’llbebadforyourhealth.
4）就……而言e.g.
Youlookyoungforyourage.
Thetemperatureisstillabove33℃.It’scertainlyhotforSeptember.
5）表示目的：去，向e.g.
Let’sgoforawalk/dinner.thetrainforTaiyuan
6）限定于，供……用的，給……的e.g.
Theseticketsarefortomorrow.
ThereisaTVset,atelephoneandothernecessities.Theyareallforyou.
7）當(dāng)作，作為e.g.
Wetookhimforanhonestman.
8）由于，因?yàn)椤木壒蔱.g.
Hewassenttoprisonforstealing.
9）Itis/was+adj./n.+for/ofsb.todosth.
23.from1）自從，來自e.g.
Iam(come)/was(came)fromWuhan.我是武漢人/我從武漢來。
Susancomesfromaworkingclassfamily.
2）離……（有多遠(yuǎn)）e.g.
Myofficeisfarfromhere.Theparkisjustfiveminutes’walkfromhere.
3）表示原因，來源e.g.
sufferfromdiefrom/of
4）固定詞組中e.g.
⑴bemadefrom/of⑵fromthe(very)beginning
⑶frombeginningtoend⑷frommorningto/tillevening/night
⑸fromnow/then/todayon⑹fromtimetotime
⑺fromdaytoday⑻frombadtoworse
⑼fromvillagetovillage(house,person,…)⑽beabsentfrom
⑾bedifferentfrom⑿prevent…(from)doing…
24.in1）在……范圍和空間內(nèi)e.g.
inavillageinatreeinthebedinthesunintheraininherhand
Therearemanyapplesontheappletree.
2）在某種狀態(tài)、境遇下；穿著某種衣服e.g.
Henoddedinsatisfaction.Sheisinwhite/blue/yellow/green/red.
3）表示時(shí)間：A.在……世紀(jì)，……年……月e.g.
inthe20thcenturyinMay,1983inthe1870s
Note:inthethirties≠inhisthirties
在30年代在他三十幾歲時(shí)
B.從現(xiàn)在算起若干時(shí)間以后。e.g.
Hewillcomebackintwoweeks.(howsoon)
C.在……時(shí)間內(nèi)e.g.
Romewasnotbuiltinaday.（英諺：大器晚成）
ZhouYuorderedZhugeLiangtomake100,000arrowsinonemonth.
Liangdiditinthreedays.
4）在……方面e.g.
I’mweakinEnglish.
Inbuildingsocialism,weneedtolearngoodexperiencefromothernations.
havesome/nodifficulty/trouble(in)doing…
5）表示方式、手段e.g.
inEnglishinpen/pencilwithapen/pencil
inabus/trainbybus/trainonhisbike
6）固定詞組e.g.
inall總共，總計(jì)inpublic公開地inturn輪流地
inone’sopinion在某人看來insecret秘密地inreturn作為回報(bào)
inshort總之inneed(of)需要inaway在某種意義上，從某種意義上說
infactinfrontofin(the)futureintimeintroubleinaword
inotherwordsinahurryinspiteof盡管intheworld
25.like象，似，和……一樣e.g.
toswimlikeafish
LikeLeiFeng,wemustservethepeopleheartandsoul.
Inhisopinion,CocaColatasteslikemedicine.
26.near1)在……的附近e.g.
Don’tsitneartheTVset,youmaygetnear-sighted.
Ourschoolisquitenearmyhome.
2）將近（時(shí)間）e.g.
It’slunchtime.Shallwestopwork?Heisneartwentyyearsold.
Note:near與nearto同義，near普遍。但在比較級(jí)及最高級(jí)中，to不能省。
Helivesnearer/nearesttothedepartmentstore.
27.of1)“的”（所有格）。e.g.
thenameofthebookthemapofHangzhou
thelegsofthedeskthetailofapig
2）表示同位關(guān)系。e.g.
thecityofRome/Pisa/TianjinthetownofYouguzhuang
I’msendingmybestwishestothetwoofyouforahappylife.
3）用在表示數(shù)量、種類等意義的詞組中。e.g.
apieceofchalkaglassofbearacupoftea
agroupofSsakindoffoodalotoftime/books
4）表示動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。e.g.
theDefenceofYan’anloveofstudy/one’scountry
ThisbookishelpfultomystudyofEnglish.
Parents’loveofchildrenismosttouching.
5）用于某些比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu)中。e.g.
Ofthetwobrotherswhichisthetaller?OfallfruitsIlikeorangebest.
Ofallthestarsinthesky,thesunisthenearesttous/theearth.
OfalltheSsinourclass,ChenYilongisthetallest.
Note:在帶這種of短語的句子中，比較級(jí)前要用the。e.g.
Ofthehorseanddog,whichrunsthefaster?
6)of與age,height,size,weight,colour連用時(shí)可以省略。e.g.
Ihaveadaughter(of)yourage.
Weare(of)thesameage,height,weight,size.
28.off1）從……離開，分離e.g.
Keepoffthegrass.Whilecleaningthewindow,hefelloffthechair.
2）扣除e.g.
Ifyoubuyadozen,Iwillgiveyou10%offtheprice.
Youcangettenpointsforeachcorrectanswer.Butifyouransweriswrong,
10pointswillbetakenoffyou.
29.on1)表示接觸（不一定在上面）e.g.
Thereareafewfliesontheceiling.Thereisapictureonthewall.
Iwanttobeasailorsailingonthesea.
2）在某天、某天的早晨、上午、晚上e.g.
onSaturday/WednesdayonOct10th,2003
onthemorning/eveningofOct10/thebicyclerace
3）原始概念“接觸”，引申意義“在進(jìn)行中”e.g.
onfireonsale
Heisondutynow.TheyareonholidayinDalian.
4）關(guān)于，論及e.g.
OnPractice《實(shí)踐論》abookonEnglish/radio
Heisonthecommittee.他是委員會(huì)委員之一。（屬于）
Haveyouanyideaonthesubject?ThisbookisonbasicEnglishgrammar.
Alecturewillbegivenonhowtouseprepositions.
5）（表示時(shí)間）在……時(shí)候；剛一……就e.g.
Hesaidhelloonseeingme.
Onhearingthenews,theyjumpedwithjoy.
Onhis(Kunta’s)arrivalhewassoldtoafarmerandworkedinthefields.
6）固定結(jié)構(gòu)e.g.
⑴onduty⑵ontime⑶onfire⑷ontheonehand⑸ontheotherhand
⑹ondisplay（展出）⑺onsale（出售）⑻onleave（在休假）
⑼onpurpose（故意）⑽onthewhole（總的說來）⑾ontheleft/right
⑿onthespot（當(dāng)場）⒀onandoff=offandon（斷斷續(xù)續(xù)）
⒁onandon不停地⒂andsoon（等等）
30.over1）在……的上面（⊥）e.g.
Thesunshinesovertheearthinthedaytime.
Theskyovermewasclearandbeautiful.
2）（數(shù)量上）超過=morethane.g.
Ithinkheiswellover/above50,andyet(heis)sostrong.
OvertwohundredSsattendedthemeeting.
3）越過e.g.
ManytimeshehasswumovertheYangtzeRiver.
Thereisbridgeovertheriver.
ZhangJianswan~theEnglishChannelsuccessfullyin2003.
4）在……時(shí)間中e.g.
Youhavemadegreatprogressinyourstudiesoverthepastyear.
Someoftherubbish,rotsawayoveralongperiodoftime.
31.past1)過了……（時(shí)間、年齡）e.g.
halfayearpastmiddleage
2)從……穿過去e.g.
Hewalked～mewithout(saying)aword.
WhenIwent～theP.O.thismorning,Isawpeopleliningupfora
dragonstamp.
32.(a)round1).環(huán)繞，在……周圍e.g.
tosit～thetableTheearthgoes/turns/moves～thesun.
2)在各處；到處
tolook～theroom環(huán)顧全室totravel～thecountry在全國各地旅游
3）=about(約)
33.since自從……以來
Ihaveworkedfor21years～I(xiàn)camehere.
Hehasbeeninpoorhealth～thebeginningoftheterm.
Note:since強(qiáng)調(diào)從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間完成發(fā)生之事（完成時(shí)）
after僅表示過去某一時(shí)間后的情況（過去時(shí)）
e.g.Sincethenhehasmetalotoftrouble.Afterthathemetalotoftrouble.
34.through1)(表地區(qū))通過，經(jīng)過
walkthroughthegatelookthrough透過……看
Alittleriverruns～thevillage.Therainbeatin～thebrokenwindow.
2)用某種工具，通過某種方式，由于某種原因e.g.
HelearnedEnglish~TV.Ilearnedthenews~him.
Theaccidenthappened~thedriver’scarelessness.
3）整個(gè)……期間e.g.
Hewasasleep~themeeting.all~thewinter
I’llneverforgetthelesson(教訓(xùn))allmylife.
35.till1）到……為止；2）直到e.g.
frommorningtill/tonight
Istayedintheofficetill7o’clock.I’llwaitforyoutillyourreturn.
36.to1）（表示方向）向，往；（針）對e.g.
Itookmydaughtertothezooyesterday.Japanis/liestotheeastofChina.
theway~thefactoryfall~thegroundturn~theleft
2）到，迄（表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量、范圍、程度）e.g.
aquartertoninetothisday(直到今天)
Ithinkheis(from)30to35.
3）（表示對比；比較）比；對e.g.
tentoone十比一；十有八九
2isto6as3isto9.二比六等于三比九。
4）按照，適合；伴隨音樂e.g.
make…toone’s(own)measure按照某人（自己）的尺寸做……
Shesangtothepiano.Theydancedtothemusic.
Incompetitionswomenperformsomeoftheirexercisestomusic,so
dance,gymnasticsandmusicareallconnected.(SBIII,P.50)
5）固定詞組中e.g.
hearttoheart(talk)促膝（談心）shouldertoshoulder
kneetoknee促膝facetoface
totheend到底tothepoint切題
toone’staste合某人口味toone’smind在某人看來
toone’sjoy,delight,happiness,sadness,surprise,anger,disappointment,etc.
37.toward(s)1）向（表示方向=to）e.g.
Hewalked~thenorth.Shesatwithhisback~thewindow.
2）對于，對待（=to）e.g.
Don’tbecruel~animals.Teachersshouldbestrict~theirSs.
3）（指時(shí)間、年齡）快到，接近e.g.
Itmustbe~fouro’clock.Hisfatheris~50.
Towardsevening,thewindstartedblowinghard.
38.under1）在……下面（┳）e.g.
Hestoodunderatree.bookunderarmunderthetable
2）在……領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)，統(tǒng)治，控制之下e.g.
UnderthecorrectleadershipoftheParty,thelifeoftheChinesepeople
isgettingbetterandbetter.
Theymadeasuccessfulexperiment~theguidanceoftheirteacher.
3）（表示主語狀況、狀態(tài)）在修理、建造、治療中e.g.
Thehouseis~repair.Anothermodernhotelis~construction.
Heis~medicaltreatment.Thenewplanis~discussion.
4）不到（表示年齡、數(shù)量等）e.g.
Thegirlisunder10yearsold.
Intheyear2002,amannamedJohnsonfromCanada,ranahundred
metresundertenseconds.
39.until1）直到（=till）e.g.
Thetwofriendstalked~midnight.
XiaoGangkept(on)writinghiscomposition~10o’clock,forgettinghissupper.
2）直到……才（用于否定句）e.g.
Theraindidnotstop~thismorning.
Theheavyfogdidnotdisappear~after9o’clockwhenthesuncameout.
40.up(與down反義)1）向上e.g.
Seeingalargebearcomingtowardshim,themanquicklyclimbedupatree.
Hewentupthehilltoseethefamouschurch.
2）updown
城市、北、河上游、近處鄉(xiāng)村、南、河下游、遠(yuǎn)處e.g.
WefirstvisitedNanjing,andthenwentuptheGuangzhou-Beijing
RailwayLine.
Justthen,theysawacarracingattopspeeduptheroad.
（汽車迎著他們飛馳而來。）

41.with1）用（工具、器械等）e.g.
Mostpeoplewritewiththeirrighthand.
Inthisway,theykilledtwobirdswithonestone.
Hewrotetheletterwithapen/pens.(具體工具)
inpen.（原材料）
2）和，與，同e.g.
Asitwasbeginningtorain,hewentout~anumbrella.
Yesterdayhewenttothecinema~hisfather.
3）穿，戴，有e.g.
Hewenttotheseasidewithsunglassesandawhitecaponhishand.
Chinaisalargecountry~alonghistory.
Isawanoldmanwithgreyhair.
Iboughtabook~alotofpicturesinit.
4）由于e.g.
Hearingthegoodnews,wejumpedwithjoy.
Withafamilyofeighttosupport,themancouldnotenjoyhimself
withicecream.
5）隨著e.g.
Withthepassingoftheyears,hishairbecamewhite.
Withthedevelopmentofmodernagricultureandindustry,moreandmore
wasteisproduced.
6）盡管e.g.
Withallhiswealth,heisunhappy.
7）和……同時(shí)e.g.
Igetupwiththesun.(天一亮我就起床。)
Withthesewords,heleftthemeeting-room
8）用于被動(dòng)e.g.
Theground/mountainwascoveredwithsnow.（狀態(tài)）
Sometimesthestreetsarecoveredwithice.（狀態(tài)）
四、一些表示時(shí)間的介詞用法比較
1．since一段時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)，與完成時(shí)連用
from某時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)，常與to/till連用e.g.
from8to10from1840to1997fromMondaytoFriday
Hehaswrittentwonovelssince2000.
2.till連續(xù)一段時(shí)間的終點(diǎn)
by完成的期限“到時(shí)候已經(jīng)”
to幾點(diǎn)差幾分的鐘點(diǎn)，或與from連用e.g.
I’llstayheretill6.I’llbehereby6.
from(the)beginningto(the)endaquartertofive
3．in從現(xiàn)在算起的一段時(shí)間結(jié)束時(shí)
after不從現(xiàn)在算起的一段時(shí)間或時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)之后e.g.
I’llbebackinthreedays.
Hecamebackafteraweek/aweeklater.
I’llgototheplaygroundafterclass/dinner.
4.for一段時(shí)間，回答howlong提出的問題
during一個(gè)時(shí)期，回答when提出的問題e.g.
You’velearnedEnglishforover5years.I’llstayinHarbinforamonth.
Heoftenfallsasleepduringthelesson.
五、一些表示空間的介詞用法
（一）地點(diǎn)
toat(away)fromawayfrom
XXXX
1234
e.g.1.Hewenttothedoor.
2.Hestayedathome.
3.Hecamefromthestation.
4.Hewentawayfromtheschool.
(二)線段
●
●

on(to)onoffoffacrossalong
123456
e.g.1.Themonkeyjumpedontothecrocodile’sback.
2.NanjingisontheChangjiangRiver.
3.Westartoffat7.
4.Hestoodofftheroad.
5.Hewalkedacrossthestreet.
6.Hewalkedalongtheriver/street.
（三）平面
●
●
on(to)onoffoffacrossthrough
123456
e.g.1.Hefellontothefloor.
2.Thereisapencilonthedesk.
3.Hetooktheportraitoffthewall.
4.Theportraitisoffthewall.畫沒貼墻上。
5.Hetookawalk/walkedacrossthefields.
6.Helookedthroughthewindow.
（四）區(qū)域
●●●
●

in(to)inoutofoutofthrough
12345
e.g.1.Hearrivedinthecity.
2.Hehasahouseinthecity.
3.Theyflewoutofthecountry.
4.Hestayedoutofthehouse.
5.Hewentforawalkthroughthepark.
（五）立體
●●

intoinoutofoutofthrough
12345
e.g.1.Heranintothehouse.
2.Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom.
3.Heclimbedoutofthelake.
4.Hewasoutoftheroom.
5.Thewindblewthroughthetrees.
五、常見介詞用法比較
1.at小地方in大地方e.g.
Hearrivedathestationatten.Hearrivedinthecity/ChinainMay.
2.斜above上方over正e.g.
below下方under
Thewatercameaboveourknees.Hisofficeisbelowmine.
Thelamphangsoverthedesk.Thedogislyingonthetable.
3.betweenamong
4.besidesexcept
5.inwith
6.by行為執(zhí)行者with具體工具e.g.
Hewaskilledbytheenemy.Thepaperwascutbyaknife.
7.in在某范圍以內(nèi)的地方
to在某范圍以外的地方
on表示“毗鄰、接壤”e.g.
Fujianlies/isinthesouthofChina.
Fujianlies/istothesouthofJiangsuProvince.
MongolialiesonthenorthofChina.
ChinafacesthePacificontheeast.=Chinalies/isonthewestofthePacific.

精選閱讀

高考英語介詞語法專題

一位優(yōu)秀的教師不打無準(zhǔn)備之仗，會(huì)提前做好準(zhǔn)備，作為高中教師就要好好準(zhǔn)備好一份教案課件。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠在課堂積極的參與互動(dòng)，幫助高中教師能夠井然有序的進(jìn)行教學(xué)。所以你在寫高中教案時(shí)要注意些什么呢？以下是小編為大家收集的“高考英語介詞語法專題”供大家借鑒和使用，希望大家分享！

《高考風(fēng)向標(biāo)》英語
目錄
第一部分教材梳理
必修一
Unit1Friendship
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測

Unit2Englisharoundtheworld
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測

Unit3Traveljournal
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測

Unit4Earthquakes
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測

Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測

必修二
Unit1Culturalrelics
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測

Unit2TheOlympicGames
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測

Unit3Computers
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測

Unit4Wildlifeprotection
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測

Unit5Music
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測

必修三
Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測

Unit2Healthyeating
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測

Unit3TheMillionPoundBankNote
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽
語言要點(diǎn)
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點(diǎn)單詞
重點(diǎn)詞組
重點(diǎn)句子
課文要點(diǎn)
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測

……

第二部分語法專題
專題一冠詞
專題二名詞
專題三代詞
專題四數(shù)詞
專題五形容詞和副詞
專題六介詞
專題七情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
專題八非謂語動(dòng)詞
專題九動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語
專題十動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
專題十一動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)
專題十二句子種類
專題十三名詞性從句
專題十四定語從句
專題十五狀語從句
專題十六倒裝句和省略句
專題十七強(qiáng)調(diào)句
專題十八虛擬語氣
專題十九主謂一致
專題二十直接引語和間接引語

第三部分高考題型講練
聽力
完形填空
語法填空
閱讀理解
信息匹配
基礎(chǔ)寫作
讀寫任務(wù)
第二部分語法專題

專題六介詞
I、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解析
介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞。介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中做成份，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成份，表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。介詞短語在句中可作定語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。
一介詞從結(jié)構(gòu)上分類一覽表
介詞的分類
簡單
介詞只有單獨(dú)一個(gè)詞的介詞
after,at,on,in,during,since,till等(時(shí)間介詞);across,over,through,past,near,to,above等(方位介詞);by,for,down,from,of,off,behind,below,beneath,beside,between,beyond,up,with,about,against,along,among,around...
復(fù)合
介詞由兩個(gè)單一詞合成的介詞
into，inside，onto，outside，throughout，towards，upon，within，without…
短語
介詞(1)形容詞，分詞或副詞+介詞
accordingto,awayfrom,downto,insideof,nearto,oppositeto,owingto...
(2)連詞+介詞
asfor，asto，becauseof…
(3)介詞+介詞(又稱雙重介詞)
fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,tillafter,inbetween...
(4)介詞+名詞+介詞
bymeansof,infrontof,inspiteof,onaccountof,withregardto……
(5)其他
(名詞十介詞)thanksto
由其他詞類轉(zhuǎn)用(1)分詞concerning(關(guān)于)，considering(就……而論)，including(包括)，regarding(關(guān)于)
(2)形容詞
或副詞like(像)，near(接近)．opposite(在……對面)，unlike(不像)，round(圍繞……)，next(和……鄰接)
(3)連詞than，but(除……之外)
(4)名詞despite(不顧；不管)
二主要介詞區(qū)別
1．表示時(shí)間的at，in，on：
at表示片刻的時(shí)間，如：at8a.m.常用詞組有：atdawn,atnoon，atnight，atmidnight，attheendof，atthattime，atChristmas，atNewYear等。
in表示一段的時(shí)間，如：inthemorning/afternoon/evening，inOctober，in1998，inthe21stcentury,insummer,inthepast,inthefuture等。
on指特定的日子，時(shí)間：onMonday，onChristmasEve,onMayDay，onawarmmorning,onSeptember12,onthatday等。
2．表示時(shí)間的since和from：
since“自從…以來”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。
from“自…起”，一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)連用。如：Ihopetodomorningexercisesfromtoday./Wehavenotseeneachothersince1995．
3．表示時(shí)間的in和after：
in+時(shí)間段，一般用于將來時(shí)。如：WeIIbebackinthreedays.
after+時(shí)間段，一般用于過去時(shí)。如：Aftertwomonthshereturned.
注意：after+時(shí)間點(diǎn),可用于過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)。如：Afterseventherainbegantofall./Whatshallwedoaftergraduation?
4．表示方位的in，on，to：
in表示“在…內(nèi)”，BeijingisinthenorthofChina.
on指“與…接壤，在河/江畔”，KorealiesontheeastofChina
to指在境外某方向，只強(qiáng)調(diào)方向JapanliestotheeastofChina．
5．表示“在……上”的on和in：
on只表示在某物的表面上，如：Thereisabookonthepieceofpaper.
in表示占去某物一部分，如：Thereisaninterestingarticleinthenewspaper./Hedugaholeinthewall.
6．表示“穿過……”的through,over和across：
through指在內(nèi)部穿過，
across則指在表面上的橫穿，
over指在上方過去，跨越。如：TheGreatWallwindsitswayfromwesttoeast,acrossdeserts,overmountains,throughvalleys,tillatlastitreachesthesea.
7．Intheend，attheendof，bytheendof
intheend意為“最后”、“終于”；如：Intheendtheyreachedaplaceofsafety
attheendof表示“在…末梢”，“到…盡頭”，既可指時(shí)間，也可以指地上或物體；如：
Attheendoftheroadstandsabeautifulgarden.
TheydecidedtohaveanEnglisheveningattheendofthisweek.
bytheendof作“到…末為止”解，只能指時(shí)間，如：Bytheendoflastmonthhehadfinishedthenovel.
8．between，among：
between一般表示兩者之間。如：Youaretositbetweenyourfatherandme
among用于三者或三者以上的中間。如：.Thegirlquicklydisappearedamongthecrowd.
注意：有時(shí)雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)兩兩相互間接關(guān)系，仍用between。如：Agreementsweremadebetweenthedifferentcountries.在談事物間的差別時(shí)，總是用between。如：Theydon’tknowthedifferencebetweenwheat,oatsandbarley．
9．besides，except，but，exceptfor：
besides指“除了……還有”。如：TwoforeignteacherswerepresentatthemeetingbesidesSmith．；
except指“除…外”，不能放在句首。如：WegotoschooleverydayexceptSunday．
but與except意思相近,常用在no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything,no等詞和其他疑問詞后面。如：Whobutafoolwoulddosuchathing?exceptfor表示“如無……就，只是”表明理由細(xì)節(jié)。如：Hisdiaryisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.
10．表示用工具和手段的by,in,with：
by表用工具(bytrain/land/hand/email…)或手段(byreading…)，其后的名詞前不帶冠詞；
with表用工具(withapencil/oureyes)，其后的名詞多被冠詞、物主代詞修飾；
in表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等(inpencil/English/alowvoice…)
11．a(chǎn)s，like：
as指身份、資格，意為“作為”。如：Letmespeaktoyouasafather.(事實(shí)是父親)
like作“象……一樣”解。如：Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather．(事實(shí)上不是父親)。
12．a(chǎn)s,with都有“隨著…”之意。
as為連詞，后接從句。如：Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse
with為介詞，后接名詞或代詞。.如：Withspringcomingon,theweathergetswarmer.
II、實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練
一、介詞比較精練，用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空
1.1)__________thenightofMay4th,mygoodfriendleftforCanada.
2)__________nightyoucanseethestarstwinkleinthesky.
3)__________Sundaymorning/acoldmorningMariewaswokenupbyaloudnoise.
4)__________themorningsheoftenhasmilkandsomebreadforbreakfast.
5)__________the1970swehadahardtime.
2.1)Kateiswriting__________afriendofhers.
2)Kateiswriting__________apieceofpaper.
3)Kateiswriting__________blueink.
4)Kateiswriting__________apieceofchalkontheblackboard.
5)Kateiswritingaletter__________anoldmanwhocan’twrite.
3.1)Weallpassedtheexam________theend.
2)Wehadfinishedlearningfivebooks__________theendoflastterm.
3)Wewillholdaparty___________theendofthisterm.
4.1)Theapples________thetreeareripe.
2)Thebirds_________thetreearesingingmerrily.
3)ThereisamapofChina_________thebackwall.
4)Thereisasmallhole____________thewall.
5.1)Chinalies__________thewestofJapan.
2)Canadalies_________thenorthoftheUSA.
3)Canadalies_________thenorthofNorthAmerica.
6.1)Hecandoeverything__________cooking.
2)Hecanspeaktwootherlanguages__________English.
3)Hedidnothing_________watchTVallday.
4)Theroadwasempty__________________severalcarsatthattime.
7.1)Themantriedtowalk__________thebigrock.
2)Themanwalked__________theroadandgotonabus.
3)Themansawsomebeautifulbirdswhenwalking__________thewoods.
8.1)Thereisnosecret_________youandme.
2)Youarethetallest___________myfriends.
3)Thereisabreak____________classes.
9.1)________timepassed,thingsseemedtogetworse.
2)_______timegoingby,heknowsmoreandmore.
10.1)HewillleaveforKorea_________threedays.
2)HewenttoBeijingandreturned___________threedays.
3)Hewillbeback___________3p.m.
4)HehaslivedinParis__________threeyearsago.
5)Itkeptrainingheavily___________Monday_________Wednesday.

二、語法填空
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后選用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空
ItwassoniceanafternoonthatIdecidedtogoforalittlewalk1mynewboots---theonesI’dseenadvertisedonTV2“theworld’sbestboots”.Well,3theory,yes,theywereverycomfortablebootsbutIsoonfoundthatinfacttheygavemeblisters.IngeneralIdoenjoywalking,butatthatmomentallIwantedwasrestandrefreshment,inotherwords,Ineededtositdown,haveadrinkandgohome4thebus.ThelastbushomewasinhalfanhourandIwasfar5thebusstopsoIwouldhavetogetthere6ahurry.AtlastIgottothebusstopjustintime7adrinkatthepubbeforethebuscame.Ilimpedtothebusstopinthehope8gettingon.ButIwasoutofluckbecausethebuswasfullup---notevenstandingroom!IknewI’dnevermakeithomeonfootandIwas9thepointofreturningtothepubtodrownmysorrowswhenanotherbuscameroundthecorner,completelyempty.Igoton,satbymyselfatthebackandstartedtofeel10peacewiththeworldagainasItookoffmyboots!

答案：1.On,At,On,In,In2.to,on,in,with,for3.in,by,at4.on,in,on,in5.to,on,in6.except,besides,but,exceptfor7.over,across,through/in8.between,among,between9.As,With10.in,after,at,since,from…to
1.in2.as3.in4.on5.from6.in7.for8.of9.on10.at

高考英語語法語法專題

天津一中名師英語教案：高考語法
第一部分英語基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)
主+謂結(jié)構(gòu)Westudyforthebenefitofourcountry.
主+謂+賓結(jié)構(gòu)Weshouldhelpeachotherandcareforeachother.
主+系+表結(jié)構(gòu)Wegotlostinthewoods.Hebecameangry.Hemadeanartist.

主+謂+賓+賓結(jié)構(gòu)

Igavehimabooktheotherday.
Hewasgivenabooktheotherday.
We’dbettermaketeaforhimbeforehand.
Hepromisedmetocomeearlier.
Heexplainedtousthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.
Theymusthavemadefulluseoftheirsparetimetostudy.
(Fullusemusthavebeenmadeoftheirsparetimetostudy.)
(Theirsparetimemusthavebeenmadefulluseoftostudy.)

主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)

Wemadehimmonitorofourclass.
Hesleptwiththewindowopen.
HowcanIstudywiththemusicon?
Welastfoundhiminthehut.
Wesawhimenteringtheroom.
HowcanIstudywiththemusicplayedoneveryday?
(HowcanIstudywiththemusicbeingplayedoneveryday?)
Thisisthefirstvolumeofhebook,withthesecondtocomeoutnextmonth.
Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)
Thereusedtobeapinetreeinfrontofthemountain.
Therehappenedtobeastormtheotherday.

祈使結(jié)構(gòu)
Women,carryingbabies,getonthebusfirst.
---Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday.
---Whyme?

倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

Hetoldmeneveroncehadheseensuchabetterresult.
---Haveyoureadbothofthisnovelsrecently?
---No.NeithershallIread.
SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanwithgreatachievements.
Sobravedidhelookthathescaredtheenemytodeath.
Soharddidheworkthathewontheprizefinally.
Atnotimeshallweusenuclearweaponsfirst.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)
Whatwasitthatmadehimupsettheotherday?
HedoesgetupveryearlyeverySunday.

省略結(jié)構(gòu)
Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.
Neverspeakuntilaskedto.
Hedidn’tcometothemeeting,butweallthoughheshouldhave
感嘆結(jié)構(gòu)
YoucanhardlyimaginehowworriedIwasatthattime.
Whatfun(itis)tojumpintoapoolonahotsummerday!
主謂主補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
Shelayinbed,awake.
Heleftabeggarandreturnedamillionaire.

第二部分高考英語句子整體認(rèn)知部分
并列句
英語并列句連接詞：（并列連詞務(wù)必要放在句中來使用）
andbut(andyet)yetandthenotherwiseor(orelse)so
neither…noreither…orboth…and…notonly…butalso
whether…or
forwhenwhile
主從復(fù)合句
主從復(fù)合句連接詞
1．名詞性從句（主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句）
that(無中文意思，無語法功能)
whether/if,asif/asthoughbecause(有中文意思，但無語法功能)
whowhomwhosewhichwhenwherewhy
how(howmany…)howoftenhowsoonhowlong(所有含有w/h引導(dǎo)的從句均為從句連接詞)
w/h-ever(用在名詞性從句中表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用)
2．定語從句引導(dǎo)詞（限定性與非限定性；定整體與定部分的認(rèn)知）
whichwhothatwhomwhosewhenwhere(介詞+which)
名詞+of+which
which/as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句
3．時(shí)間狀語從句
whenwhileas
assoonas(themomenttheminutetheseconddirectlyimmediatelyHardlyhad…when
Nosoonerhad…thanScarcelyhad…then)
beforesinceuntiljustas
aftertillonce
eachtimeeverytimethefirsttimethelasttimetheyear(名詞作為連詞)
4．原因狀語從句
becausesinceasnowthatseeingthatconsidering
when(既然)
5．條件狀語從句
ifunlessprovided(providing)supposing
Suppose(that)(大寫放在句首使用)onconditionthat
aslongassolongasincase(that)once
6．目的狀語從句
sothat(后面有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/couldmay/might)inorderthat
7．結(jié)果狀語從句
so…thatsuch…thatsothat(后面無任何情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)
8．方式狀語從句
asjustas(in)theway
asif/asthough(后面根據(jù)句子邏輯采用虛擬或非虛擬)
9．比較狀語從句
as…asnotso…asthan
倍數(shù)比較的各種句型
10．地點(diǎn)狀語從句
wherewherever
11．讓步狀語從句
althoughthoughnomatter+w/hw/h-ever
whether…or…
while
as(倒裝)
evenif/eventhough(根據(jù)句子邏輯采用虛擬或者非虛擬)

高一英語語法教案

高一英語語法教案
高一英語必修一語法
分詞作狀語的區(qū)別
（1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別。
現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系的區(qū)別。
1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。
Hewentout，shuttingthedoorbehindhim.
他出去后將門隨手關(guān)上。
Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.
由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。
2）過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
如果對這些樹多關(guān)心一些，它們本來會(huì)長得更好。
Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.
在遇到困難的時(shí)候，我們必須設(shè)法克服。
Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.
Givenmoreencouragement,theboycouldhavebehavedbetter
2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭，除表示原因之外有時(shí)表示時(shí)間或條件。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語時(shí)，除了表示目的以外，還表示結(jié)果或原因。
Readingattentively，heforgotthetimeforlunch．由于在專心讀書，他忘了吃午飯的時(shí)間。(原因)
Readingcarefully，hefoundsomethinghehadnotknownbefore．他仔細(xì)讀書時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。(時(shí)間)
Readingcarefully，youlllearnsomethingnew．只要你仔細(xì)閱讀，你會(huì)學(xué)到一些新的東西。(條件)

作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，如果動(dòng)詞和賓語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系或者表示狀態(tài)，用過去分詞
welefthimcryingoutsidethegate.
wefoundhishandstiedbehindhisback.
wefoundtheworldoutsidechanged.狀態(tài)
用過去分詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞做定語的判斷關(guān)鍵：名詞與該動(dòng)作的關(guān)系
分詞作定語的區(qū)別
1.現(xiàn)在分詞做定語：
從功能上看，現(xiàn)在分詞做定語表示1）主動(dòng)（及物）；2）進(jìn)行（不及物）。
做定語：相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句(主動(dòng))
Doyouknowtheboystandingatthedoor?
àDoyouknowtheboywhoisstandingatthedoor?
Adevelopingcountryneedsaids.àAcountrythat/whichisdevelopingneedsaids.
Theylivedinahousefacingthesouth
àTheylivedinahousethatfacedthesouth.
Themanwearingaredtieisourhead.
àThemanwhowearsaredtie(戴紅領(lǐng)帶)isourhead.
Theworkersworkinginthefactoryarewell-paid.
àTheworkerswhoareworkinginthefactoryarewell-paid.
在這家工廠工作的工人報(bào)酬很好
2．過去分詞做定語
從功能上看，過去分詞做定語表示1）被動(dòng)（及物）；2）完成（不及物）。
做定語：相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句（被動(dòng)），有時(shí)侯也表示完成的
Thebrokenwindowwasrepairedthismorning.
Thewindowbrokenyesterdaywas….
àThewindowthat/whichwasbrokenyesterdaywas…..昨天被打破的玻璃今早被修好了
Thesoldhamburgersarenottomytaste.
Thehamburgerssoldinthischainarenotto…..這家連鎖店賣的漢堡不適合我的口味
Thehamburgersthat/whicharesoldinthischainarenotto….
Thearrivedguestswillbeledin.（此過去分詞表示完成）
Theguestsarrivedjustnowwill….剛到的客人將會(huì)被帶進(jìn)來
Theguestswhoarrivedjustnowwillbe….

ThebookthatwaswrittenbyWangsellswell.
àThebookwrittenbyWangsellswell.
ThetiethatiswornbyourheadismadeinShanghai.
àThetiewornbyourheadismadeinSH
Theshoes(thatwere)madeinasmallfactoryareofbadquality.小廠產(chǎn)的鞋子質(zhì)量差
反之，一個(gè)定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為分詞做定語的結(jié)構(gòu)
ThemanIintroducedtoyouyesterdayhadjustreturnedfromJapan.
Themanintroducedtoyoubymeyesterdayhadjust…昨天我給你介紹的那人剛從日本回來
Heisamanwhoislovedbyall.àHeisamanlovedbyall.他是個(gè)大家所熱愛的人
Theleavesthathavefallenarecollectedbythecleaners.àThefallenleavesarecollected…
ThatletterIreceivedlastweekwasfromLi.àTheletterreceivedlastweekwasfromLi.
狀語從句的省略
??一般說來省略現(xiàn)象多出現(xiàn)在下列五種狀語從句中：由when,while,as,before,after,till,until,once等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句；由whether,if,unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；由though,although,evenif,whatever等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；由as,than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句；由as,asif,asthough等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句。上述狀語從句在省略時(shí)，并非任何成分都可以省略而是遵循下面原則：
??（1）當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致時(shí)且從句中含有BE動(dòng)詞的某種形式時(shí)，可以省略狀語從句的主語和系動(dòng)詞be，這時(shí)從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)：
??①連詞（as,asif,once）+名詞
??如：Once(hewas)aworker,PangLongnowbecomesafamoussinger.龐龍?jiān)?jīng)是個(gè)工人，現(xiàn)在變成一位著名的歌手。
??②連詞（though,whether,when）+形容詞
??如：Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryoullregret.趁年輕要努力學(xué)習(xí)，要不然你會(huì)后悔的。
??③連詞(whether,asif,while)+介詞短語
??如：Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.他到處看似乎在找什么東西。
??④連詞(when,while,though)+現(xiàn)在分詞
??如：While(hewas)holdingtalkswithPresidentHuJintao,USPresidentGeorgeW.BushthankedChinaforitsimportantroleintheSix-PartyTalks.美國總統(tǒng)布什在與胡錦濤主席會(huì)談時(shí)，感謝中國在六方會(huì)談中起的重要作用。
??⑤連詞(when,if,evenif,unless,once,until,than,as)+過去分詞
??如：Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.這次展覽比被預(yù)料的有趣的多
??⑥連詞(asif,asthough)+不定式
??如：OlympicgoldmedallisthurdlerLiuXiangopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeak.奧林匹克金牌獲得者跨欄運(yùn)動(dòng)員劉翔張開嘴好象要說什么。
??（2）當(dāng)從句的主語與主句的主語不一致，但從句主語是it，從句中又含有系動(dòng)詞be的某種形式時(shí)，可以把it和系動(dòng)詞be一起省略。。如：Unless(itis)necessary,youdbetternotrefertothedictionary.如果沒有必要，你最好不要查字典。
??各種狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象列舉如下：
??一、時(shí)間狀語從句中的省略
??When(shewas)veryyoung,shebegantolearntoplaythepiano.她很小時(shí)，就開始學(xué)習(xí)彈鋼琴。
??While(Iwas)atcollege,Ibegantoknowhim,astrangebutablestudent.我在上大學(xué)時(shí)就開始認(rèn)識(shí)他，一個(gè)奇怪但有能力的學(xué)生。
??Whenarriving,sendmeatelegram.(Whenyouarrive,sendmeatelegram.)到達(dá)之后，來個(gè)電報(bào)。
??Beforeleaving,turnoffallthelights.(Beforeyouleave,turnoffallthelights.)走之前，請關(guān)閉所有的燈。
??Don’tcomeinuntil(youare)askedto.不叫你請你不要進(jìn)來。
??Whenever(itis)possible,youshouldcomeandhelp.不管什么時(shí)候只要有可能就來幫忙。
??Youshouldletusknowtheresultassoonas(itis)possible.你應(yīng)盡快讓我們知道結(jié)果。
??注：as在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，沒有這種省略現(xiàn)象。我們不可說Aswalking,shefoundaniceshiningthingontheground.
??二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句中的省略
??地點(diǎn)狀語從句的省略常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)：where(ver)possible,where(ver)necessary,
??Laythesebookswherepossibleyoucanfindthemeasily.把這些書放在你可能容易找到的地方。
??Putinarticleswherevernecessaryinthefollowingpassages.在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠詞。
??三、條件狀語從句中的省略
??常用的句型是：ifnecessary,ifpossible,iftrue,ifanyone等。如：
??Sendthegoodsnowif(theyare)ready.貨物如果準(zhǔn)備好了，請送過來。
??Hewillcomeif(heis)asked.如果叫他來，他就來。
??If(itis)necessary,ringmeathome.如果有可能，朝我家里打電話。
??Comealongwithmeif(itis)possible.如果有可能和我一起去吧.。
??If(itis)true,thiswillcasueusalotoftrouble.如果是真的，這會(huì)給我們帶來很多麻煩。
??Therearefewpeoplenowadays,if(thereare)any,whorememberhim.很少有人能記起他。
??Youshouldstaywhereyouare,unless(youare)askedtoleave.你應(yīng)呆在你現(xiàn)在的地方不動(dòng)，除非叫你動(dòng)。
??四、讓步狀語從句中的省略
??Heisagoodman,thoughsometimes(heis)ratherdull.他真是個(gè)好人，盡管有時(shí)有點(diǎn)無聊。
??Evenif(Iam)invitedto,Iwon’tgotosuchabadlecture.即使邀我去，我都不想聽如此壞的報(bào)告。
??五、比較狀語從句中的省略
??Shecanplaythepianojustaswonderfullyasyou(do).她鋼琴彈的我你彈的一樣好。
??Shehasfinishedtheworkearlierthan(ithasbeen)expected.
??with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
with結(jié)構(gòu)是許多英語復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的一種。學(xué)好它對學(xué)好復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)均能起很重
要的作用。本文就此的構(gòu)成、特點(diǎn)及用法等作一較全面闡述,以幫助同學(xué)們掌握這一重要的語法知識(shí)。
一、with結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成
它是由介詞with或without+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞with或without的復(fù)合賓語,復(fù)合賓語中第一部分賓語由名詞或代詞充當(dāng),第二
部分補(bǔ)足語由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式或分詞充當(dāng),分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞,也可以是過去分詞。With結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成方式如下：
1.with或without-名詞/代詞+形容詞；
2.with或without-名詞/代詞+副詞；
3.with或without-名詞/代詞+介詞短語；
4.with或without-名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式；
5.with或without-名詞/代詞+分詞。
下面分別舉例：
1、Shecameintotheroom,withhernoseredbecauseofcold.(with+名詞+形容詞,作伴隨狀語)
2、Withthemealover,weallwenthome.(with+名詞+副詞,作時(shí)間狀語)
3、Themasterwaswalkingupanddownwiththerulerunderhisarm。(with+名詞+介詞短語,作伴隨狀語。)Theteacherenteredtheclassroomwithabookinhishand.
4、Helayinthedarkemptyhouse,withnotaman,womanorchildtosayhewaskindtome.(with+名詞+不定式,作伴隨狀語)Hecouldnotfinishitwithoutmetohelphim.(without+代詞+不定式,作條件狀語)
5、Shefellasleepwiththelightburning.(with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞,作伴隨狀語)Withoutanythingleftinthecupboard,shewentouttogetsomethingtoeat.(without+代詞+過去分詞,作為原因狀語)
二、with結(jié)構(gòu)的用法
在句子中with結(jié)構(gòu)多數(shù)充當(dāng)狀語,表示行為方式,伴隨情況、時(shí)間、原因或條件(詳見上述例句)。
With結(jié)構(gòu)在句中也可以作定語。例如：
1.Ilikeeatingthemooncakeswitheggs.
2.Fromspacetheearthlookslikeahugewater-coveredglobewithafewpatchesoflandstickingoutabovethewater.
3.Alittleboywithtwoofhisfrontteethmissingranintothehouse.
三、with結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)
1.with結(jié)構(gòu)由介詞with或without+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中第一部分與第二部分語法上是賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語關(guān)系,而在邏輯上,卻具有主謂關(guān)系,也就是說,可以用第一部分作主語,第二部分作謂語,構(gòu)成一個(gè)句子。例如：Withhimtakencareof,wefeltquiterelieved.(欣慰)→(Hewastakengoodcareof.)Shefellasleepwiththelightburning.→(Thelightwasburning.)Withherhairgone,therecouldbenouseforthem.→(Herhairwasgone.)
2.在with結(jié)構(gòu)中,第一部分為人稱代詞時(shí),則該用賓格代詞。例如：Hecouldnotfinishitwithoutmetohelphim.
四、幾點(diǎn)說明：
1.with結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中的位置：with結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語,表示時(shí)間、條件、原因時(shí)一般放在句子前面,并用逗號(hào)與句子分開；表示方式和伴隨狀況時(shí)一般放在句子后面,不用逗號(hào)分開。若with結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,則放在所修飾的名詞之后,一般不用逗號(hào)隔開。
2.with結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語時(shí),不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、和過去分詞的區(qū)別：在with結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),表示主動(dòng),但是不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,而現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在發(fā)生或發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成。
例如：Withtheboyleadingtheway,wefoundhehouseeasily.(小男孩已領(lǐng)過路)
Withtheboytoleadtheway,wewillfindthehouseeasilytomorrow.(小男孩明天將領(lǐng)路)
Helayonthebedwiththebedroomdoorshut.(寢室被關(guān)著)
3.with結(jié)構(gòu)與一般的with短語的區(qū)別：with結(jié)構(gòu)具有上述功能和特點(diǎn),而"介詞with+名詞或代詞(組)"組成的一般的with短語在句子中可以作定語和狀語。作狀語時(shí),它能表示動(dòng)作的方式、原因,但不能表示時(shí)間、伴隨和條件。在一般的with短語中,with后面所跟的不是復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),也根本沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
4.with結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系：with結(jié)構(gòu)屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),但在結(jié)構(gòu)上,with結(jié)構(gòu)由介詞with或without引導(dǎo),名詞前有冠詞、形容詞、所有格代詞或其它詞類所修飾,結(jié)構(gòu)較松散；而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有with或without引導(dǎo),結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密,名詞前可用可不用修飾語。在句法功能上,with結(jié)構(gòu)可以作定語,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則不能；獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作狀語,但也可以作主語,而with結(jié)構(gòu)則不能。
獨(dú)立主格在口語中不常用,往往由一個(gè)從句代替,而with結(jié)構(gòu)較口語化,較常用。例如：
Therewererowsofwhitehouseswithtreesinfrontofthem.("with+復(fù)合賓語"結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作定語)
Astrongmanworkingawholedaycouldnotjumpthishigh.(名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),作主語)
Theboysaid,turningtotheman,hiseyesopenedwideandhishandraised.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),表示伴隨狀況或行為方式,作狀語)
Thenlastnight,Ifollowedhimhere,andclimbedin,swordinhand.(名詞+介詞短語構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語,表示伴隨情況)board,shewentouttogetsomethingtoeat.(without+代詞+過去分詞,作為原因狀語)
1.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork_______,hegladlyacceptedit.（2007安徽）
A.finishedB.finishing
C.havingfinishedD.wasfinished
2.----Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.
----Sorry.Withsomuchwork_______mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.(2007福建)
A.filledB.filling
C.tofillD.beingfilled
3.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_______.（2005北京）
A.goingonB.goeson
C.wentonD.togoon
4.________twoexamstoworryabout,Ihavetoworkreallyhardthisweekend.(2004北京)
A.WithB.Besides
C.AsforD/Becauseof
5.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied_______hisworksunfinished.(2004福建)
A.forB.with
C.fromD.of
6.Theyoungwoman_______ababysleepinginherarmswaswanderinginthestreet.
A.withB.becauseC.onD.like
7.Everyoneshouldgotosleepwiththelightturnedoff.
A.asB.withC.forD.on
8._______somanyhomeworktodo,Marywon’thavetimetoplaywithherfriendsthismorning.
A.WithoutB.WithC.ByD.Because
9._______thedooropen,thenoiseofthemachinesisalmostdeafening.
A.BecauseB.AsC.WithD.Becauseof
10._______hismotherout,hehadtostayathomealone.
A.AsB.ForC.BecauseD.With
11._______allthingsconsidered,herproposalisofgreaterthanhis
A.LikeB.WithC.OnD.Without
12._______timepermitting,wewillvisittheSummerPalace.
A.ByB.OnC.WithD.As
參考答案：1-5ABAAB
6-12ABBCDBC

高考英語語法課時(shí)教案