小學(xué)總教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間：2020-11-20Unit18Inventions知識(shí)點(diǎn)總復(fù)習(xí)教案。
高二英語Unit18Inventions知識(shí)點(diǎn)總復(fù)習(xí)教案SectionI課前準(zhǔn)備、聽力、口語
1.Neverthrowawayorwashchopsticksagain.千萬不要扔掉再洗這些筷子。(p.57A)
▲throw(threw，thrown)
(1)投，拋，扔Hethrewtheball20metres.他把球投出20米。
(2)摔倒……Thepolicemanthrewthethieftotheground.警察把小偷摔倒在地面上。
(3)發(fā)射，射Chinahasthrowasatelliteintospacerecent-ly.中國最近向太空發(fā)射了一枚衛(wèi)星。
辨析：throw...tosb.與throw...atsb.
throwsth.tosb.指“把某物扔向某人”，其目的在于“傳遞”(forsb.tocatch)介詞to純粹表示行為的方向，其動(dòng)機(jī)是善意的；throwsth.atsb.指“把某物打向某人”，其目的在于“打”(=trytohitsb.)。介詞at表示動(dòng)作在于企圖攻擊的目標(biāo)，其動(dòng)機(jī)是惡意的。如：Hethrewtheballatme.(=trytohitme)他扔球打我。Hethrewtheballtome.(=formetocatch)他把球傳給了我(=Hethrewmetheball.)
辨析：throw與cast
throw是普通用詞，使用頻率高，它指用力拋擲這一行為。cast比throw正式，指迅速扔出一重量較輕的物體。經(jīng)常用作比喻或無意識(shí)行為，在某些成語及特殊用語中須用cast，如castanet“撒網(wǎng)”；castavote“投票”；castanchor“拋錨”等等。如：Willyoumove,please?Yourecasting(throwing)ashadowonmybook.你走開點(diǎn)好嗎?你的影子正好投射在我的書上。Hequicklythrewtheballintothebasket.他迅速地將球投入籃里。Thediceiscast.事已定局。
拓展：throwoneselfinto積極從事;throwaway扔掉;throwabout亂丟；亂扔(東西);throwback扔回;throw…at…朝……扔，向……砸去;throwoff匆匆脫掉
throw...to...把……傳給……；把……摔倒;throwout扔出；逐出;throwaside扔在一旁;throwup嘔吐
2.Savetreesandhaveasnackatthesametime挽救了樹木并且同時(shí)成為小吃。(p.57A)
▲save(1)vt.救、挽救Thebravesoldiersavedachildfromaburninghouse.那勇敢的戰(zhàn)士從著火的房子里救出了一個(gè)孩子。OnlysocialismcansaveChina.只有社會(huì)主義才能救中國。
辨析：save與rescue:save與rescue兩者都有“營救”之意；但save側(cè)重于“保全”之意，而rescue則側(cè)重于“從囚禁中救出”之意。如：Inordertosavethecountry,manygentlemenlaiddowntheirlives.許多志士仁人為國捐軀了。Theyrescuedhimfromprison.他們營救他出獄。
(2)節(jié)??；儲(chǔ)蓄Dontspendallyourmoney,savesomeofitforfutureuse.別把錢全部花光，儲(chǔ)蓄一點(diǎn)兒以備將來之用。
3.Youwillneverhavetoworryabouthavingyourbikestolenagain.你再也不必?fù)?dān)心自行車會(huì)被偷走了。(p.57D)▲worry
(1)vi.“發(fā)愁，著急，焦慮”Motheralwaysworriedwhenthegirlsstayedoutlate.女孩們要是很晚還不回家，母親總是很擔(dān)心。
(2)vt.“使麻煩；使發(fā)愁；使著急”Dontworryher,Sheisbusy.別去麻煩她，她很忙。Theresonlyonepointthatworriesme.只有一點(diǎn)使我發(fā)愁。
(3)n.“煩惱”不可數(shù)；“使人發(fā)愁的事(人)；煩心的事”(可數(shù))，且常用復(fù)數(shù)。Thisworryisenoughtodriveonemad.這煩惱足以令人發(fā)狂。Hehasmanyworries.他有很多的煩惱的事情。
辨析:worry與trouble:trouble的含義寬廣，事無巨細(xì)都可用它，且含有一定的驚慌意味；worry"擔(dān)心”“發(fā)愁”，它指沒有根據(jù)的，經(jīng)常是不必要的憂慮不安的心情。如：
Uneasinesstroubledherheart.她感到心神不定。Imtroubledbythedoctorsreport.醫(yī)生的診斷結(jié)果令我焦急。Dontworry，tomorrowwillbebetter.別擔(dān)心，明天會(huì)更好。Wereallworriedaboutyou.我們都在為你擔(dān)心。
拓展：worrysb.使某人煩惱(著急)；worryaboutsb.為某人而擔(dān)心；worrythrough艱苦進(jìn)行
4.Thisnewinventionwillmakeitpossibleforpeopleto...這項(xiàng)新發(fā)明將使人們做…成為可能。(p.58Usefulexpressions)▲makesitpossible...
(1)此處it為形式賓語，本身為先行代詞，它既可作形式賓語，又可用作形式主語，代替句中的真正主語或賓語，即從句、動(dòng)名詞、不定式等。Ithinkitapitythathecantswim.我認(rèn)為他不能游泳是件令人遺憾的事。ItisimportantforustomasterEnglish.掌握英語對(duì)我們來說是重要的。Itisnousetellinghimthat.告訴他那件事是沒有用的。
(2)it作形式賓語時(shí)，其前的動(dòng)詞有：think,find,consider,believe,suppose,feel,make等，而if后常跟形容詞或名詞。Hefeelsithisdutytohelpothers.他覺得幫助別人是他的職責(zé)。Wemakeitcleartotheworldthatwellneverbehavelikeasuperpower.我們向全世界表明我們永遠(yuǎn)不做超級(jí)大國。Iconsideritagreathonourto英語bepresentatthemeeting.我覺得能出席這個(gè)會(huì)議很榮幸。Hefounditnecessarytostudy英語thesituationinRussia.他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄羅斯的形勢是必要的。Ibelieveithelpful英語tousesuchadictionary.我相信使用這樣的一本詞典是有幫助的。Isupposeitpossibletofinishsuchajoininthreedays.我想三天之內(nèi)完成這樣一件工作是有可能的。英語
5.Decidewhichoftheinventionsyouthinkisthemostusefuland...決定你認(rèn)為哪一種發(fā)明是最有用的。(p.58.PatentOfficer)英語▲decide決定,決心；使下決心,使決斷；對(duì)...起了決定作用；解決,裁決,判決
(1)跟名詞或代詞I’vegottodecideourw英語holefuture.我得決定我們的整個(gè)未來。Wemustdecidethatourselves.這得由我們自己決定。英語
(2)跟不定式(不可跟動(dòng)名詞)TheydecidedtomovetoWuchangimmediately.他們決定馬上搬到武昌去。Hedecidedtodohishomework.他決定做他的家庭作業(yè)。
(3)跟疑問詞+不定式Wemustdecidewhattodowiththem.我們必須決定拿他們?cè)趺崔k。Shehasn’tdecidedwhentostart.何時(shí)動(dòng)身她還沒有決定。Shehasntdecidedwhentostart.何時(shí)動(dòng)身她還沒有決定。
(4)跟從句Letsfirstdecidewhereweshouldgo.我們先決定到什么地方去。Onlyyoucandecidewhatsbestforyou.只有你才能決定什么對(duì)你最合適。英語
辨析：decide;determine;resolve;makeuponesmind都有英語“決定”的意思。decide指“經(jīng)過詢問、研討和考慮之后,在幾種可能的選擇之中作出決定”,如:ShedecidedtoleavehereonSundayinsteadofMonday.她決定星期日而不是星期一離開這里。determine指“決心作某一件事而不動(dòng)搖”,如:Wehavedetermined英語to英語gettheworkdoneaheadofschedule.我們已經(jīng)決定要提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。resolve指“打定主意做某事或不做某事”,如:IresolvetostudyEnglish.我決定學(xué)英語。makeupones英語mind指“打定主意”“下了決心”；其主語必須是人，不可是物，而且不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。英語如:Hemadeuphismindnottostaythereanylonger.他決定不再在那里呆下去了。英語
拓展：decidefordoingsth.決定做某事;decideinfavourofsth.作出有利……的決定或判決;decideon(upon)決定，選擇(多指從兩個(gè)或多個(gè)可能性中選擇);decidebetween從兩者中選擇、決定。
聯(lián)想：decidedadj.明確的，堅(jiān)決的；decidingadj.起決定作用的；decisionn.決定，決心(同義詞)determine；makeuponesmind
英語說
延伸閱讀
高二英語Unit18Inventions知識(shí)點(diǎn)總復(fù)習(xí)教案
高二英語Unit18Inventions知識(shí)點(diǎn)總復(fù)習(xí)教案
SectionII閱讀
6.Howdotheycomeupwithideasfornewinventions?他們?cè)趺刺岢鲂掳l(fā)明的想法的?(p.59.Pre-Reading3)/(p.59Reading第一段第二行)比較：解釋3
▲comeupwith意為“提出”“想出”。如：①Theteacheraskedadifficultquestion，butfinallyTomcameupwithagoodanswer.老師提出了一個(gè)難題，但湯姆最后想出了一個(gè)好答案。②Themagazinerecentlycameupwithsomeadviceonsmoking.那本雜志最近就吸煙問題提出了一些忠告。③Ihopeyoucancomeupwithabetterplanthanthis.我希望你能想出一個(gè)比這個(gè)更好些的計(jì)劃來。④Scientistswillhavetocomeupwithnewmethodsofincreasingtheworldsfoodsupply.科學(xué)家們必須找出增加全世界食品供應(yīng)的新方法。⑤Youhavenochoicebuttocomeupwiththe￡18000.你別無選擇，必須拿出那一萬八千英鎊來。
comeup也有“被提出來”之意，但主語一般是表示問題、建議、計(jì)劃等的名詞。如：①Theprogramcameupforfinaldecision.這一計(jì)劃被提出來以便作最后決定。②Theseproblemswillcomeupfordiscussionatthemeeting.這些問題會(huì)在會(huì)議中提出來討論。③Wesolvedproblemsassoonastheycameup.問題一出現(xiàn)我們就解決。
comeupwith還有“趕上”之意。如：①Letshurryupsothatwemaycomeupwiththem.咱們快些走，好趕上他們。②Weshallhavetoworkhardtocomeupwiththeotherteam.我們得努力干才能趕上另一隊(duì)的進(jìn)度。③Icameupwithherasshewasroundingthecorner.她在拐彎時(shí)，我追上了她。
comeupwith可引申為“拿出”“提供(一筆錢)”之意。如：①Therichmancameupwithalargesunofmoneytothosepoorstudentswhocantaffordtheirtuition.那個(gè)有錢人拿出一大筆錢來給那些因貧困而交不起學(xué)費(fèi)的學(xué)生。
7.Throughouthistory,greatthinkershaveusedtheircreativityandimaginationtochangetheworld.縱觀歷史，為大的思想家們用他們的創(chuàng)造力和想象力改變了世界(p.59Reading第一段第一行)▲throughout
(1)prep.遍及Wehavefriendsthroughouttheworld.我們的朋友遍天下。Schoolswereopenedthroughoutthecountry.全國中小學(xué)都開學(xué)了。
(2)prep.在整個(gè)(一段時(shí)期)Throughoutthesummerandautumnhecontinuedtogototheofficework.整個(gè)夏秋季節(jié)他都連續(xù)在辦公室上班。
(3)adv.整個(gè)地，全部地Thetimberwasrottenthroughout.這塊木料已經(jīng)整個(gè)兒地腐爛了。
(4)adv.一直地，從頭到尾Pricesremainstablethroughout.物價(jià)始終保持穩(wěn)定。Thehouseispaintedthroughout.這所房子全部油漆一新。
8.Howdotheycomeupwithideasfornewinventions?他們那些新發(fā)明的思想是怎么來的呢?(p.59Reading第一段第二行)▲comeupwith
(1)趕上Weshallhavetoworkhardtocomeupwiththem.我們要努力工作，趕上他們。
(2)提出，提供Ihopeyoucancomeupwithabetterplanthanthis.我希望你們能提出比這個(gè)更好的計(jì)劃。
拓展：comeup走近，長出;comeupagainst遭到……;comeupto達(dá)到，符合;comeoutwith發(fā)表，出版
9.Thinkerswhohavechangedtheworlddonotseemtohavemuchincommon.改變了世界的思想家們似乎并沒有很多共同之處。(p.59.第一段第三行)
▲incommon意為“共用”“共有”“共同”，后接介詞with時(shí)，意為“和…一樣”。如：①Theswimmingpoolisusedincommonbyallthechildreninthetown.這個(gè)游泳池供鎮(zhèn)上的孩子共同使用。②Theyhavenothingincommonwithoneanother.他們相互之間沒有共同點(diǎn)。③Incommonwithmanypeople,heprefersclassicmusictopop.和很多人一樣，他喜歡古典音樂，不喜歡流行音樂。④Hebelieved，incommonwiththemajority,thatitwastree.他與大多數(shù)人一樣，認(rèn)為這是真的。⑤IncommonwithmostItalianlakes,accesstotheshoresofOrtaisrestr-icted.和大多數(shù)的意大利湖一樣，進(jìn)入奧塔湖濱受到限制。⑥Tomysurprise,IfoundIhadalotincommonwiththisstranger.令我驚訝的是，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我與那陌生人有很多相似之處。⑦Hehadlittleincommonwithhislittlesister.他與他的小妹妹沒有多少共同之處。⑧Theirmethodshavealotincommon.他們的方法有很多相似之處。
注意outofthecommon意思是“異乎尋常的”“不平常的”。如：Itissomethingoutofthecommon.這是異乎尋常的東西。
10.Itseemsthatcreativethinking,…,isamatterofhabits.人們似乎覺得創(chuàng)造性是關(guān)于習(xí)慣的問題。(p.59Reading第一段倒數(shù)第二行)比較：U.17p.51Thebestwaytohelpisoftensimplyamatterofopeningdoorsandofferingguidance.幫助殘疾人的最好辦法就是開門提供引導(dǎo)的問題?！鴄matterof(關(guān)于)……的問題
(1)amatterof……的問題，matter意為“事情”“問題”。Thisisamatterofprinciple.這是一個(gè)原則性問題。Itsnotamatteroflaughing.這可不是開玩笑的事情。
(2)thematter麻煩事Whatsthematterwithyou?Whyareyoucrying?發(fā)生了什么事，干嗎哭呢?
拓展：amatterofopinion看法不同的問題；amatteroflifeanddeath生死攸關(guān)的事情；asamatteroffact事實(shí)上，其實(shí)；nomatterwhat(how，when，where，who…)；無論什么(怎樣，何時(shí)，哪里，誰……)；forthatmatter(forthematterofthat)就此而言；Whatsthematterwith...?……怎么了?/……出了什么毛病?；inthematterof...就……而論；Itdoesntmatter.沒關(guān)系
11.Knowledgeandlearningareimportantifwewanttobesuccessful,…假如我們想要成功，知識(shí)和學(xué)習(xí)都是很重要的…(p.59Reading第二段第一行)▲knowledge
(1)n.知識(shí)，認(rèn)識(shí)Knowledgeispower，知識(shí)就是力量。
(2)n.知道，了解Hehasnoknowledgeoflifeinthesmallvillage.他對(duì)那個(gè)小村子的生活不了解。ShehasagoodknowledgeofLondon.她對(duì)倫敦十分熟悉。Ihavenoknowledgeofhisarrival.我不知道他來了。
辨析：knowledge與learning
knowledge泛指一個(gè)人通過觀察、調(diào)查、學(xué)習(xí)研究而獲得的事實(shí)或真知灼見，它不僅包含通過正規(guī)教育獲得的知識(shí)，而且包括日常生活中的閱歷。
learning常指“通過長期的、細(xì)致的學(xué)習(xí)而獲得系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)，這種知識(shí)往往不是膚淺的，而廣博的、深?yuàn)W的”。該詞也可指全部學(xué)識(shí)和智慧的總和，或者科學(xué)知識(shí)，但更多用于語言、文學(xué)、歷史、法律等人文學(xué)科。Thisdustyknowledgeneedsbrushingupafterthepassageofyears.多年以后，這種原先學(xué)過的知識(shí)需溫習(xí)一下。TheyhavenodirectknowledgeofconditionsintheEast.他們對(duì)東方的情況缺乏直接了解。Heisamanoflearning.他是個(gè)學(xué)問淵博的人。
12.…whatwehavelearntmayalsolimitourthinking.我們已經(jīng)學(xué)到手的東西也可能限制我們的思維。(p.59Reading第二段第二行)▲limit
(1)vt.限制Wemustlimitourspending.我們必須限制開銷。Shelimitedherconversationtotenminutes.她將說話時(shí)間限制為10分鐘。
(2)n.限制、限度、極限Shehasreachedthelimitofherpatience.她的耐性已經(jīng)達(dá)到了極限。Thereisalimittooneslife,butnolimittoservingthepeople.人的生命是有限的，但為人民服務(wù)是無限的。
拓展：tothelimit到頂點(diǎn)；limitedcompany有限公司；alimitednumberof...有限的幾個(gè)；belimitedin...在……方面受限；withinlimits在一定范圍內(nèi)；withoutlimit無限地
聯(lián)想：limitvt.限制limitedadj.有限的；limitationn.限制，局限性；limitless無限制的
13.Inventorsoftenrephraseaproblemtoallowforcreativesolutionsand…發(fā)明家常常會(huì)換一種說法來表述一個(gè)問題…(p.59Reading第二段第三行)
*▲allowfor顧及，考慮到，體諒：Wemustallowforhisyouth.我們必須體諒他年輕。Heallowedforhergreatageandwasverypatient.他考慮到她年紀(jì)大因而很耐心。
拓展：allowof允許……；allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事：Suchconductallowsofnoexcuse.這種行為不得寬怒。Theyallowedmetoenter.他們準(zhǔn)許我進(jìn)入。
辨析:allow與allowfor
▲allow意為“允許”“準(zhǔn)許”。如：①Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.公共場所不允許抽煙。②Thegovernmentservantsarentallowedtoacceptrewards.公務(wù)員不得接受酬謝。③Thechildrenaletooyoungtobeallowedoutatnight.孩子們太小，夜間不能讓他們出去。
▲allowfor意思是“估計(jì)到”“把……考慮在內(nèi)”。如：①Whenhemadetheplan,hefailedtoallowfortheunexpected.他作計(jì)劃時(shí)沒有把意外情況考慮進(jìn)去。②Hemissedthetargetbecausethewindhadntbeenallowedfor.因?yàn)闆]有考慮到風(fēng)的影響，他沒有擊中目標(biāo)。③Youcantmakeitinanhour,youmustallowfortrafficdelays.你一個(gè)小時(shí)到不了，你必須考慮到在路上會(huì)遇到耽擱。④Wemustallowforhislackofexperience.我們必須考慮到他缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)這一點(diǎn)。⑤Allowingforexceptions,therulemaystand.在允許有例外的情況下，這條規(guī)則還是可以成立的。)
14.Ifwelookonlyforthecorrectanswerandrejectideasthatdonotprovideacompleteanswer,wemaygetstuck.如果我們只找正確答案，拒絕那些不能給我們完整答案的想法，那么我們就可能被框住。(p.59Reading第二段第四行)▲reject
(1)vt.拒絕；抵制；指不肯承認(rèn)，采用、相信或服從，不肯接受。Theyhadrejectedourrequestcontemptuously.他們輕蔑地拒絕了我們的請(qǐng)求。Severalpublishersrejectedthemanuscript.幾家出版商都拒絕了這份手稿。
(2)vt.拋棄；丟掉；剔除UndertheguidanceofthePartyhehasrejectedtheidealistviewofhistoryinfavourofthematerialist.在黨的教導(dǎo)下，他已經(jīng)拋棄唯心主義歷史觀，接受了唯物主義歷史觀。
辨析：refuse與reject：兩者都有“拒絕”之意。
refuse不僅可用來拒絕別人的請(qǐng)求和要求，而且還可用于拒絕別人的邀請(qǐng)或幫助；其后能跟不定式；
reject不能用于拒絕別人的邀請(qǐng)或幫助，其后不能跟不定式。HerefusedtheinvitationfromJohn.他拒絕了約翰的邀請(qǐng)。HerefusedtobelievewhatIsaid.他拒絕相信我說的話。
▲provide
(1)vt.提供；裝備Thegovernmentprovidedthemwithmoneyandclothes.政府向他們提供金錢和衣服。Thecountryprovidesfreemedicalservicetocollegestudents.國家為大學(xué)生提供了公費(fèi)醫(yī)療。Youmustprovideyourselves.你們必須自備必需品。
(2)vi.providefor提供生計(jì)；作準(zhǔn)備provideagainst預(yù)防Whoprovidesforher?誰為她提供生活費(fèi)?Heprovidedfortheentertainmentofhisguests.他為招待客人作好了準(zhǔn)備。Theyhadtoprovideagainstashortageofwater.他們不得不作好缺水的準(zhǔn)備。Theyprovidedagainsttheattack.他們做好準(zhǔn)備以防受攻擊。
辨析：afford，provide與supply:三個(gè)詞都有“提供”“供給”之意。但在用法上有區(qū)別：
afford作“向某人提供某物”解時(shí)，它的句型是affordsb.sth.(sth.常為抽象名詞)Travelaffordsuspleasure.旅游會(huì)給我們帶來快樂。Heaffordedmeanopportunity.他給我提供了一次機(jī)會(huì)。
provide與supply用法相似，可以換用，某句型為：provide(supply)sb.withsth.;provide(supply)sth.to(for)sb.;Thesunprovides(supplies)lightandheatforus.=Thesunprovides(supplies)uswithlightandheat.太陽為我們提供光和熱。
▲stuck
getstuck意思是“被困住”“被卡住”“處于困境”，此處get是連系動(dòng)詞，也可以用be等其他的連系動(dòng)詞。如：①Thebuswasstuckinthemud.公共汽車陷在泥里了。②Theshuttleoftengotstuck,causingalotofbrokenends.梭子常?？ㄗ?，造成大量斷頭。③Whatshallwedo?Weseemtobestuck.怎么辦?我們似乎干不下去了。④Haveyougotstuckoveryourmathsproblems?你的數(shù)學(xué)題做不下去了嗎?⑤Imstucknow,thereisnomorematerialforthework.我無法進(jìn)行下去了，這工作缺少資料。⑥IWasstuckthereforaweekbythebadweather.由于天氣不好，我在那里待了一個(gè)星期。
15.Creativethinkingisaconsciousefforttobreakawayfromoldthoughtpatternsinordertoexplorenewpossi-bilities.創(chuàng)造性思維是一種有意識(shí)的努力，即為了探索新的可能性而擺脫舊的思維模式。(p.59第二段倒數(shù)第一行)
▲effort作“努力”解釋時(shí)，后常跟不定式，如本句即是，請(qǐng)看下列例句。①Hisefforttoreformheratlastsucceeded.他要改造她的努力終于成功了。②Despiteallmyeffortstoimprovehislife-style,hesstillsmokingtwentycigarettesaday.盡管我盡力改變他的生活方式，但他還是一天吸二十支香煙。③Hesjoggingroundtheparkeverymorninginanefforttogetfitforthefootballseason.他為了鍛煉身體迎接足球賽季的到來，每天早晨都繞著公園慢跑。
effort可作“艱難的事”解釋，為可數(shù)名詞。如：Itssuchanefforttogetuponthesedarkwintermornings.冬季早晨到處黑沉沉的，起床真艱難呀!
▲breakawayfrom意為“脫離”“擺脫”“斷絕來往”。如：①Fortunatelyhebrokeawayfromthatlawlessgroupyearsago.幸好幾年前他就脫離了那個(gè)不法集團(tuán)。②Thecriminaltriedtobreakawayfromthepoliceman.罪犯試圖從警察手里逃跑。③SmithhasbrokenawayfromtheLabourParty.史密斯已脫離工黨。
breakawayfrom亦可作“改掉”“破除”解。如：①Youshouldbreakawayfromsuchbadhabits.你應(yīng)該改掉這些壞習(xí)慣。②Modemmusichasbrokenawayfromthe18thcenturyrules.現(xiàn)代音樂不再遵守十八世紀(jì)的條條框框。③Modernarthasbrokenawayfromoldtraditions.現(xiàn)代美術(shù)已擺脫了舊的傳統(tǒng)。④Thechildbrokeawayfromalldisciplines.這孩子一點(diǎn)也不守規(guī)矩。
16.Goodsolutionsandnewideasareoftentheresultofchangeinperception.好的解決方法和新的思路常常是改變一種觀念的結(jié)果。(p.59第三段第一行)
▲solution意為“解決(辦法)”“解答(釋)”，通常后接介詞to。如：①Therearenosimplesolutionstotheproblemofoverpopulations.對(duì)于人口過多的問題，沒有簡單的解決辦法。②Wearelookingforasolutiontoourfinancialdifficulties.我們正在尋找解決財(cái)政困難的方法。
17.Bylookingataprobleminasmanywaysaspossible,creativethinkerscanfindsolutionsthatwouldother-wiseremaininvisible.通過盡可能多的角度來看待一個(gè)問題，富有創(chuàng)造力的思考者可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其他情況下可能覺察不了的答案。(p.59第三段第二行)
▲讓我們先分析一下句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，本句的主語是creativethinkers。謂語動(dòng)詞是canfind，賓語solutions后帶了一個(gè)定語從句。句首的by短語是方式狀語。
▲otherwise在本句中是副詞，意為“要不然”“否則”“在另外的情況下”。如：①Hewastiredbutotherwiseingoodhealth.他很疲憊，但除此之外，健康狀況良好。②Therentishigh，butotherwisethehouseissatisfactory.租金昂貴，但在其他方面這房子還令人滿意。③Hehasasquint，butisotherwiseahandsomefellow.他有點(diǎn)斜視，但除此之外，倒是個(gè)英俊的小伙子。
otherwise也可作“不同地…用別的方法”解。如：④Shesaysitstrue，butwethinkotherwise.她說這是真的，但我們卻認(rèn)為并非如此。⑤IhatehimbutIpretendother-wise.我恨他，但是我假裝不恨。⑥Ihaveneverobservedhimdootherwise.我從未看到過他不是這樣做的。
otherwise可用作連詞，意為“否則”“要不然”，相當(dāng)于or。如:①Hurryup,otherwiseyoullbelate.快點(diǎn)，不然你要遲到了。②Dowhatyouhavebeentoldotherwiseyoullbepunished.照吩咐的去做，否則你將受罰。③ImluckythatIminterestedinschoolwork,otherwiseIdgomad.很幸運(yùn)我對(duì)學(xué)校里的功課感興趣，不然我要瘋掉的。
otherwise可作形容詞。如：①Thefactisother-wise.真相并非如此。②Theirpoliticalenemieswerealsotheirotherwisefriends.他們的政敵在其他方面也正是他們的朋友。
▲remain為連系動(dòng)詞，意為“處于(某種狀態(tài))”。后接形容詞性的詞作表語。①Howcanweremainsilentonthisquestion?對(duì)這個(gè)問題我們?cè)趺茨鼙３殖聊?②Theboundaryquestionsstillremainunsettled.邊界問題仍然沒有解決。③Sheremainedsittingwhentheycamein.他們進(jìn)來時(shí)，她仍然坐著。
remain也可以接名詞、代詞、介詞短語作表語。如：①Thisstillremainsaseriousproblem.這仍然是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題。②Itremainsbelow13℃foraboutfivemonthsoftheyear.一年約有五個(gè)月那里溫度保持在13攝氏度以下。
18.…theprocessincludesaseriesofdifferentattemptsandseveralfalsestarts.這個(gè)過程涉及到一系列不同嘗試和一些錯(cuò)誤的開端。(p.59Reading第三段第三行)
▲attempt的一些用法
(1)vt.試圖做，試圖奪取(后跟名詞，不定式，動(dòng)名詞等)Theenemyattemptedanattackbynight.敵人準(zhǔn)備趁夜色偷襲。Heattemptedtheexaminationbutfailed.他試圖通過考試，但沒有成功。Theenemyattemptedtobreakthroughourlines.敵人企圖沖破我們的防線。IattemptedwalkinguntilIfellover.我掙扎著走路，直到摔倒才停止。
(2)n.嘗試(常為可數(shù)名詞)Wefailedinourattempttoclimbthemountain.我們?cè)噲D爬上山去，但失敗了。Thetwosuperpowersbothcolludeandstrugglewitheachotherinavainattempttoredividetheworld.這兩個(gè)超級(jí)大國又勾結(jié)，又爭奪，妄圖重新瓜分世界。
拓展：makeanattempttodosth.試圖做某事；makeanattemptatdoingsth.試圖做某事；makeanattempton...企圖奪取……；
聯(lián)想：attemptvt.n.嘗試；attemptableadj.可以嘗試的
19.Everynewthoughtorideahastobeconnectedtowhatwealreadyknow.每一個(gè)新思想或新思路都會(huì)與我們已有的知識(shí)聯(lián)系起來。(p.59第四段第一行)
▲connect
connectto意思是“與……相連接(有關(guān))”，其后的介詞既可用to，也可以用with。如：①Thepolicedidntconnecthimwiththemurder.警方?jīng)]有把他和兇殺案連在一起。②HeisconnectedwiththeWhitesbymarriage.他與懷特家是姻親。③AsearchofBradyshousefoundnothingthatcouldconnectthemwiththerobberies.對(duì)布拉迪的房子的搜查沒有找到任何他與搶劫有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。④Weusuallyconnectspringwithsunshineandflowers.我們通常把春天和陽光及鮮花聯(lián)系在一起。
20.Greatthinkersareawareofthisand…偉大的思想家了解到了這一點(diǎn)…(p.59Reading第四段第三行)
▲beawareof(意識(shí)到；知道)
(1)adj.意識(shí)到的，知道Areyouawareofthedifficulty?你知道那項(xiàng)困難嗎?
(2)跟從句時(shí)，省去ofHewasnotawarethathewasindanger.他沒有覺察到自己處境危險(xiǎn)。Shewasnotawarehowmuchherhusbandearned.她不知道她丈夫掙多少錢。
(3)aware為表語形容詞，前面不能用very修飾，習(xí)慣用well，quite等詞。Iamquite(well)awarehowyoumustfeel.我很能體會(huì)你會(huì)有什么樣的感受。
拓展：betiredof厭煩……；beafraidof…害怕……；beshortof…缺少……；besureof...對(duì)……有把握；befullof…充滿的……；beproudof…以……為自豪
▲aware
aware意為“意識(shí)到”“覺察到”，是形容詞，多用作表語，后接介詞of，of后通常接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或名詞性從句，接名詞性從句應(yīng)用疑問詞引導(dǎo)，這時(shí)of可省去。①Areyouawareoftheproblemsinvolved?你有沒有意識(shí)到這里存在的問題?②Hewasnotawareofherpresencetillshespoketohim.直到她對(duì)他說話，他才意識(shí)到她的存在。③HebecomeawareofJane’scomingto-wardshim.他覺察到簡向他走來。④Wewerequiteaware(of)howyouwouldrespondtoourterms.我們十分清楚你能對(duì)我們提出的條件作怎樣的反應(yīng)。⑤IWasnotaware(of)howdangerousitwas.我不知道這有多危險(xiǎn)。
aware后可接that引導(dǎo)的從句，這時(shí)不可再用of。如:①Imwellawarethatthisisnottheperfectsolution.我非常清楚這不是完美的解決辦法。②Hewaspainfullyawarethatthedeadlinehadpassed.他痛苦地意識(shí)到限期已過。③Youmustbeawarethatwhatyoualedoingisillegal.你必須明白你做的事是非法的。
beaware后也可以直接跟連接副詞how引起的從句。如：①Imquiteawarehowyoumustfeel.我完全明白你會(huì)有什么感覺。②Imtoosleepytobeawarehowcolditwas.我太困了，沒意識(shí)到天有多冷。)
21.Theyallknewthatforeachnewinventionthatworks,thereareatleasttenthatdont.他們都知道，每有一個(gè)成功的發(fā)明就至少有十個(gè)是不成功的。(p.60第二段第四行)
▲此處介詞for表示對(duì)比或比例。常與each，every或數(shù)詞連用。意思是“每……就”“與……成比例”。如：①Foreveryenemy,hehasfiftyfriends.他每有一個(gè)敵人就有五十個(gè)朋友。②Plantthreetreesforeveryonethatiscutdown.每砍一棵樹就要種三棵樹。③Theprisonersofwarwereexchangedmanforman.一對(duì)一地交換了戰(zhàn)俘。④Letstranslatethesentencewordforword.讓我們逐字翻譯這個(gè)句子。
Unit18Inventions教案
Unit18Inventions教案
I．單元教學(xué)目標(biāo)
技能目標(biāo)SkillGoals
Talkaboutinventions
Practicedescribinginventions
ReviewtheAttributiveClause
Writeaprocessessay
II.目標(biāo)語言
功能句式
Waysofdescribinginventions
Thisinventioncanhelppeople…
Thisisanewwayof…
Thisnewinventionwillmakeitpossibleforpeopleto…
Ithink…ismuchmoreusefulthan…
Itcanmake/helppeople…
I’dliketoinvent…becauseitcan…
I’dliketoinvent…whichcan…
Ifpeoplecancreate…
Isuppose…
Itmustbeveryconvenientifpeoplecouldinvent…
IdreamedIcouldinvent…
Waysofaskingquestionsaboutnewinventions
Whatdoesitlooklike?
Howdoesitwork?
What’sitmadeof?
Howwouldpeopleuseit?
Isthereanythingyouwouldliketoinvent?
詞匯
1.四會(huì)詞匯
vest,heel,patent,officer,petrol,background,reject,possibility,otherwise,connection,previous,aware,trial,rider,dusty,pilot,storage,glue,typewriter
2.認(rèn)讀詞匯
edible,flavour,laptop,inflatable,creative,rephrase,partial,perception,visible,Mozart,relativity,SamuelMorse,desktop,palmtop,MonaLisa,CharlesChaplin,JohnDenver,IsaacNewton,AbrahamLincoln,Eve,HelenKeller,metaphor,paste,electronics,Eniac
3.詞組
allowfor,getstuck,breakawayfrom,beawareof,trialanderror,afterall,keeptrackof
4.重點(diǎn)詞匯
vest,office,background,reject,possibility,otherwise,aware,allowfor,getstuck,breakawayfrom,beawareof,afterall,keeptrackof
語法
ReviewtheAttributiveClause
1.acarthat/whichuseswaterinsteadofpetrol
2.thinkerswhohavechangedtheworld
3.achipthat/whichmakesitpossibleforustoseethefuture
4.asmartpenthat/whichautomaticallytranslateswhatwewriteintoaforeignlanguage
重點(diǎn)句子
1.Thesechopsticksarebothdeliciousandenvironmentallyfriendly.P57
2.Creativityisnotaboutgettinghightestscores,havingahighIQorbeingsmart.P59
3.Ifwelookonlyforthecorrectanswerandrejectideasthatdonotprovideacompleteanswer,
wemaygetstusk..P59
4.Aswiththinkingoutsidethebox,theprocessincludesaseriesofdifferentattemptsandseveral
falsestarts.Eachnewwayoflookingatasituationimprovesourunderstandingandmakesit
easiertodiscovernewpossibilities.P59
The1stperiodSpeaking
Step1Warmingup
Givethestudentsintroductionsofthethreeinventionsfromthetextbook.
Step2Pre-speaking
Ofallthe4inventions,whichdoyouthinkwouldbeuseful,why?
Usethefollowingpatternstoguidethem:
Ithink…thisinventioncanhelppeople….
Ithink…ismuchmoreusefulthen…whichweusenow.
Somepossibleexpressions:
I’dliketoinventa….
Itcanhelppeople….
Itmustbeveryconvenientifpeoplecouldinvent….
IdreamedIcouldinvent….
Step3Speaking
Letthestudentsreadthepassageandmakethemunderstandwhattheyshoulddo.Toexplainhowtheinventionworksandwhyitisuseful.
Ask5groupstoacttheirdialogueoutinfrontofclass.
Step4Summary
Waysofdescribinginventions:
Thisinventioncanhelppeople…
Thisisanewwayof…
Thisnewinventionwillmakeitpossibleforpeopleto…
Ithink…ismuchmoreusefulthan…
Icanhelp/makepeople…
I’dliketoinvent…becauseitcan,,,,
I’dliketoinvent…whichcan….
Ifpeoplecancreate…Isuppose…
Itmustbeveryconvenientifpeoplecouldinvent…
IdreamedIcouldinvent…
Waysofaskingquestionsaboutnewinventions:
Whatdoesitlooklike?
Howdoesitwork?
What’sitmadeof?
Howwouldpeopleuseit?
Isthereanythingyouwouldliketoinvent?
Step4Homework
1.Talkingatp131
2.Writeashortpassagewiththetitle“Myidealnewinvention”.
The2ndPeriodListening
Step1Revision
Checkthehomework,askingthestudentstocometothefronttoreadouthisorheressayoutindividually.
Step2Listening
Dialogue12onp58
Studentsareaskedtoreadfastthequestionsandthenlistentothetapetwicetoanswerthequestions.
Step3Discussion:
Thinkofsomeexamplesofnewinventionsthatpeoplewereafraidoforcan’tacceptatfirst.
Step4Homework.
Listening(wbP130)
Previewthereading.
The3rdPeriodReading
Step1Revision
Checkthehomeworkandthenaskiftheyhavesomeideasofinventingsomeusefulthingstoimproveourlife.
Step2Pre-reading
Dotheexonp59
Step3while-reading
Mainideaofeachpara:
Para1.Bythinkingaboutthewaywethinkandpracticinggoodthinkingstrategies,wecanbecomemorecreative.
Para2.To“thinkoutsidethebox”istotrynewwaystosolveaproblem.
Para3.Goodsolutionsandnewideasareoftentheresultofachangeinperception.
Para4.Everynewthoughtorideahastobeconnectedtowhatwealreadyknow.
Para5.Goodideasaretheresultofalongprocessoftrialanderror.
Step4Languagefocuses:
Dealwithsomelanguagepointsifpossible:
Trial-try
Application-apply
Produce-production
Inspiration-inspire
Fail-failure
Deep-depth
Possible-possibility
Connect-connection
Awareness-aware
Step5Post-reading:
Listentothetapeandthenfinishthepost-readingExonp60.
Step4Homework
FindoutsomesentenceswiththeAttributiveClause.
Preparations:LanguageStudyonp61.
The4thPeriodGrammar
Step1Revision
Dictatesomephrasesandsentences:
Betiredof,breakawayfrom,allowfor,getstuck
Partialsolutions,andevenfailures,giveusmoreinformationandcluesthathelpusmoveforwardsabettersolution.
Bylookingataprobleminasmanyaspossible,creativethinkerscanfindsolutionsthatwouldotherwiseremaininvisible.
Step2Grammar
DosomeexercisesabouttheAttributiveClause:
Step3Practice:
FinishtheexercisesonP61,checkingtheanswersorally.
Step4Homework
Ex23onp133
Gooverthereadingonp133
The5thPeriodExtensivereading
Step1
Checkthehomework(Ex23onp133)
Step2ListeningandFastreading
Playthetapeandaskstudentstolistentothetapeandcompletethefollowingchart:
InventionPossibleuses
Invisiblepaint1.________;2.________
Step3Intensivereading
Readforthesecondtime,andthenanswerthequestions:
Thendealwithsomelanguagepointsifnecessary.
Step6Homework
Reviewwhatwe’velearnedinthisperiodandpreviewtheReadingandWritingonp62.
The6thPeriodWriting
Step1revision
Step2Pre-writing
AskthestudentstoreadthetextAllintheMind:ScientificMetaphors?Andthenfinishthechartonthebelow.
Step3Writing
TrytowriteanessayusingtheinformationgivenonP64.
Readsomesampleessaysandgivecommentsonthem.
Step4Homework
Tosummarizewhatwe’velearntinthisunit.
ReadtheStrategiesgivenonP64toseeifyoucanusethesetipstoimproveyourEnglish-learning.
人教版高二下Unit18Inventions教案
人教版高二下Unit18Inventions教案
Period1Let’slistenandspeak!
Goals
●Helpstudentsunderstandthecommonsenseaboutinventions.
●Dolisteningandmakesurestudentsunderstandit.
●Helpimprovethestudents’listeningandspeakingabilities.
Procedures
Leadinginbyguessing.
Today,wearegoingtolearnsomethingaboutinventionsthatwilldogoodtohumanbeingsorevensmoothawaydifficultiesbroughtbydisabilities.Herearesomeofthem.Pleaseguesswhattheyareorwhotheinventorsare.
1.amanwhomademorethan1,000inventionsinhislifeandinventedelectricbulbs
2.awomanwhodiscoveredawaytoalterandexpandtherangeofnaturalcottoncolorswithoutusingtintsordyes
3.acomputerthatfitscomfortablyonyournoseandweighslessthanapairofglasses
4.amanbornin1876whoinventedaneffectivegasmotorengineandbuiltthefirstpracticalfour-strokeinternalcombustionenginecalledthe“OttoCycleEngine”
5.ashoewhoseheelsmadeelectricitywitheverystepthewearertakes
Key:
1.ThomasAlvaEdison
2.SallyFox
3.Nose-topcomputer
4.NicolausOtto
5.Electricshoes
Tolearnmoreaboutinventionspleaseturntopage57orlookatthescreen.
Task1:Lookinganddiscussing.
Lookatpage57orthescreen.Therearefourpicturesandfourdescriptions.Readthedescriptionsindividuallyfirstandthenmatcheachpicturewiththecorrectdescription.
Picture1:Electricshoes
Picture2:Inflatablebicycle
Picture3:Ediblechopsticks
Picture4:Nose-topcomputer
Task2:Discussing.
Nowdiscussthefollowingquestionsinpairs:
1.Whichofthefour“invention”doyouthinkwouldbemoreuseful?Why?
2.Isthereanythingyouwouldliketoinvent?Ifso,whatandwhy?
Task3:Listeningandansweringquestions.
1.Nowwearegoingtolistentodialogue1onthetape,whichisaboutMr.Dean’snewinvention.Listencarefullyandtrytounderstandit.Thenyoushouldanswerthefollowingquestions:
1)WhataretheadvantagesofMr.Dean’snewinvention?
2)Howdoesitwork?
3)Whatcanitbeusedfor?
4)Whydoesthepatentofficernotwanttogivethemanapatent?
2.Listentothetapeofdialogue2,whichisaboutMr.Scoles’inventionandthenanswerthefollowingquestions:
1)WhathasMr.Scolesinvented?
2)Whydidthemaninventit?
3)Doyouthinkitworks?Howdoesitwork?
4)Whydoesthepatentofficernotwanttogivethemanapatent?
Task4:Speakingup.
Ingroupsoffouroneistoplaytheroleofaninventortoexplaintotheresthowhisinventionworks.Thepatentofficershouldlisten,askquestionsanddecidetogivewhichonethepatent.
Closingbywriting.
Toendtheperiod,let’strytowritealistofnewinventionswewouldliketomake.Let’sseewhoseideasarebothcreativeandpractical.
Period2Let’sread!
(WhatwillYouThinkofNext?…)
Goals:
●Improvethestudents’readingabilities.
●Learnaboutcreativityandthinkingstrategies.
Procedures
Learninginbydiscussing.
Lasttimeyouwereaskedtowritealistofyourpossibleinventions.Nowweshallseewhoseinventionsarebothcreativeandpractical.
T:What’syourinvention,Sa?
Sa:FlowerSpeakerAmplifiers.
T:Whatdoesitlooklike?
Sa:Itisthegadgetthatishiddeninavaseorapottedplant.
T:Howdoesitwork?
Sa:Itsendsmusicatjusttherightfrequencytovibrateupthestemsandthenbeconvertedintoaudiblesoundbytheentireplant.AdevicesuchasaCDplayerorradiocanbeconnectedtoit.Musicisalsogoodfortheplants,whichareinvigoratedbytheconstantmusicalsounds.
T:Quitecreative.NowaccordingtotheanswerfromSa,Ihavegotsomequestionsforallofyoutodiscussingroups.
Task1:Skimmingforthemainidea.
Weshalllearnmoreaboutcreativitytoday.Nowskimthereadingpassagetofindoutthemainideaofeachpart.
Task2:TrueorFalse.
1MostinventorshavehighIQs.
2Thethingsweknowcansometimesmakeitmoredifficultforustounderstand.
3It’simpossibletolearnhowtobecreative.
4Thebestwaytofindagoodsolutionistolookforonegoodanswer.
5Inventorstrytoavoidfailure.
6Themorewayswehaveoflookingataproblem,themorelikelyitisthatwecanfindasolution.
7Mostgoodideasaretheresultofalongprocessoftrialanderror.
Task3:Listeningandreadingaloud.
Next,wearegoingtolistenandreadaloud.Pauseatthecorrectplacesandfindoutthesentencesdifficulttoyouatthesametime.
UsefulExpressions
Useone’screativity,comeupwithanewidea,havemuchincommon,havedifferentbackgrounds,dowellinschool,gethightestscores,haveahighIQ,practicegoodthinkingstrategies,limitone’sthinking,thinkout,rephraseaproblem,allowforcreativesolutions,rejectwrongideas,getstuck,movetowardsabettersolution,breakawayfromoldthoughtpatterns,explorenewpossibilities,deepenone’sunderstanding,remainhidden,connectto,makeconnections.aprocessoftrialanderror,changetheworld
Task4:Questionsandanswers.
Firstworkinpairs,tryingtoanalyzethedifficultsentences,thenputyourquestionstome.Wewillfocusontheformsandstructuresofthepassages.
Task5:Fillintheblankswiththewordsinthetext.
Creativityisamatterof_____.Inordertobemorecreative,weshouldthinkabouthowwethinkand_______goodthinkingstrategies.
To“thinkoutsidethebox”isaconscious______tobreakawayfromoldthought______inorderto_______newpossibilities.Achangein________-----totakeanotherlookattheproblem----mayleadtogoodsolutionsandnewideas.
Greatthinkersare______of“makingconnections”andtryto______newandoldideasinasmany______waysaspossible.By_______andconnectingideasandobjectsinnewways,creativethinkersareabletothinkofnew_________andsolutions.
Goodideasareno_______.Theyaretheresultofalong_____oftrialand_____.Ifwewanttodevelopourcreativity,wecantryusingthesethinkingstrategiestofindnewwaysto_____ourlife.
Closingupbydiscussion
Toendthisperiod,let’shaveadiscussionofthefollowingquestions:
1.Howcanwebemorecreativeinthinking?
2.Howdopeoplecomeupwithnewideasfornewinventions?
3.Howcancreativethinkingbeusedtobetterourstudies?
Period3Let’sstudy!
(Grammar:ReviewtheAttributiveClause)
Goals
●LearntodefinewordsinEnglishwiththeattributiveclause.
●Learnmoreabouttheattributiveclause.
Procedures
Leadingin:Readinganddiscovering.
Readthepassagesandunderlinealltheattributiveclauses.
Task1:Reviewingtheattributiveclause.
學(xué)習(xí)定語從句的幾個(gè)問題
1、掌握以上關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的含義及使用時(shí)，要特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1)指物時(shí)宜用that的情況：
a.當(dāng)先行詞為all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
b.當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。
Hespokeofthemenandthething(that)hehadseenabroad.
c.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。
ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.
d.當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,theonly,thelast,any,every等修飾時(shí)。
ThisisoneoftheverybookthatIamlookingfor.
e.當(dāng)先行詞是疑問詞who,what,which時(shí)。
Whothathassuchahomedoesn’tloveit?
f.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語。
Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.
2)關(guān)系代詞as和which都能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句代表整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，as
引導(dǎo)的從句可位于句首或句末，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句則不能位于句首。
Whichyouknow,heisagoodman.(×)
Asyouknow,heisagoodman.(√)
3)關(guān)系副詞when,where,why其含義相當(dāng)于onwhich,inwhichforwhich等，可以互換：
Thedaywhen/onwhichImethimfirstwasMay1st.
Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tcome.
47)whose指物時(shí)，可以與ofwhich等結(jié)構(gòu)互換，但應(yīng)注意與冠詞的位置關(guān)系：
Thisisthebookthecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecover/whosecoverisblue.
5)有時(shí)可用代替關(guān)系副詞。在口語中常省略。
Thisisthereason(why/forwhich/that)hecamelate.
6)先行詞是專有名詞、整個(gè)句子或世界上獨(dú)一無二的物質(zhì)名詞時(shí)，一般用非限定性定語從句修飾。Thesun,whichgivesuslightandheat,isverybig.
7)在先行詞和定語從句之間有無逗號(hào)有時(shí)會(huì)引起名義的變化：
Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.他沒說使她生氣的話。
Hesaidnothing,whichmadeherangry.他一言不發(fā)，這使她很生氣。
2、定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)
Itistheplacewheretheylivedbefore.
Itisintheplacethattheylivedbefore.
第一個(gè)句子為定語從句，where指代theplace，在定語從句中作狀語，第二個(gè)句子為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)intheplace,that沒有意義，把放回后面句子，句子意思完整。
Whereisitthathefoundthelostwatch?(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)疑問副詞where.)
Whereisthewatchhefoundyesterday?(定語從句，that指代thewatch.)
3、定語從句中的先行詞
Isthisbooktheonethatyouboughtyesterday?
Isthisthebookthatyouboughtyesterday?
第一個(gè)句子中，thisbook是主句的主語，theone是先行詞。在第二個(gè)句子中this是主句的主語，thebook是先行詞。一定要避免出現(xiàn)：Isthisbookthatyouboughtyesterday?
4、定語從句與同位語從句
定語從句相當(dāng)于形容詞，它對(duì)先行詞起修飾、描述或限制作用，而同位語從句則相當(dāng)于名詞，對(duì)其前面的詞給予說明或作進(jìn)一步解釋，即說明該詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容。例如：
Thenewsthatweheardisnottrue.(定語從句)
Thenewsthathewontheprizeisnottrue.（同位語從句）
另:在“havenoidea＋從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，其從句都作idea的同位語。例如：
Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.
Task2:Fillinginandrewriting.
Nowitistimeforyoutodothegrammarexercises1and2onpage61.
Closingupbyworkingoutawordpuzzle.
Torelaxed,turntopage62,andworkoutthewordpuzzleasquickaspossible.Thewinnerwillwinalittlegift.
Period4Let’sreadandwrite!
(ALLINTHEMIND:SCIENTIFICMETAPHORS)
Goals
●Improvethestudents’abilitiesofreadingcomprehension.
●Learnaboutthepositiveandnegativeof“scientificmetaphors”.
●Enablethestudentstowritebriefessays.
Procedures
Leadingin:bylifeexperiences.
Goodmorning,class!Livinginaninformationage,weareenjoyingvariousinventionsofmoderntechnology.Wemakeusesofcomputers,mobilephones,TVsets,andsoon.Nowtellmewhatusesyoumakeofallthosemoderndevices.
Task1:Readingforthemainideaofeachparagraph.
Tolearnmoreaboutmoderntechnologies,turntopage63andfirstreadforthemainideaofeachparagraph.
Task2:Discussingthelanguagepoints.
Anyproblemwiththearticle.Nowinpairstrytofindsomequestionsaboutallthepointsdifficulttoyou.Youmayaskmeforhelpifnecessary.
Task3:Listeningandreadingaloud.
Tounderstandbetterwhat’stalkedaboutinthearticle,listentothetaperecordandreadaloudthetextatthesametime.
Closingupbywritingabriefessay.
Allright,nowlistentomyquestions:
Whatwillcomputerslooklikeinthefuture?
Howwillweusecomputers?
Howwouldyoudescribeacomputertosomeonelivinginthe19thcentury?
Whatwouldyoucompareacomputerto?
WordsandExpressions
liveinaninformationage,do…withcomputer,sendmails,besimilarto…,keepinformationinone’smemory,developtechnologyatahighpace,metaphor,storage,paste,glue,bedifferentfrom…,inthebestway,afterall,nowthat,inthefuture,thinkabout…
Homework
Readingmaterial
以“魚”喻人
Ⅰshark：(本義)鯊魚；(喻義)貪詐的人。如：aloanshark(高利貸主)，thebigsharks(壟斷資本家)。
Ⅱeel：(本義)鰻魚；(喻義)滑頭的人。如：
He’sfarfromstraightforwardtodealwith——aslipperyeel.
他這個(gè)人與人打交道很不直爽———滑頭精。
Ⅲfish：(本義)魚；(喻義)人。如：Thatolduncleofyoursisaqueerfish.你那位老伯伯，可真是個(gè)古怪的人。acoldfish冷冰冰的人apoorfish可憐蟲
“植物”喻人
Ⅰ.He was the No.1 seed in the table-tennis championship.
他是這屆乒乓球錦標(biāo)賽頭號(hào)種子選手。(種子——種子選手)
Ⅱ.A man of learning is supposed to be some pumpkins.
學(xué)問高深的人常被認(rèn)為是重要人物。(南瓜——很重要的人物，通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式并與some連用)
Ⅲ.He is a real daisy.他是個(gè)頂呱呱的人物。(雛菊——第一流的人物)
Ⅳ.The country lost the flower of its youth in the war.
那個(gè)國家在戰(zhàn)爭中失去了許多優(yōu)秀青年。(花——精華)
Ⅴ.I’llleave you two young people alone；I’m sure you don’t want me to play gooseberry.
你們兩個(gè)年輕人單獨(dú)在一起吧，我敢肯定你們不希望我夾在你們中間。(醋栗———[作]陪婦，這短語源自青年男女相聚時(shí)須有老婦陪伴的古老習(xí)俗譯成“當(dāng)電燈泡”也是很形象的表達(dá)。)
高二英語Unit18Inventions教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
古人云，工欲善其事，必先利其器。高中教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案為之后的教學(xué)做準(zhǔn)備。教案可以讓學(xué)生們充分體會(huì)到學(xué)習(xí)的快樂，幫助高中教師緩解教學(xué)的壓力，提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量。那么，你知道高中教案要怎么寫呢？下面的內(nèi)容是小編為大家整理的高二英語Unit18Inventions教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)，希望能對(duì)您有所幫助，請(qǐng)收藏。
Unit18Inventions
Period1Let’slistenandspeak!
Goals
●Helpstudentsunderstandthecommonsenseaboutinventions.
●Dolisteningandmakesurestudentsunderstandit.
●Helpimprovethestudents’listeningandspeakingabilities.
Procedures
Leadinginbyguessing.
Today,wearegoingtolearnsomethingaboutinventionsthatwilldogoodtohumanbeingsorevensmoothawaydifficultiesbroughtbydisabilities.Herearesomeofthem.Pleaseguesswhattheyareorwhotheinventorsare.
1.amanwhomademorethan1,000inventionsinhislifeandinventedelectricbulbs
2.awomanwhodiscoveredawaytoalterandexpandtherangeofnaturalcottoncolorswithoutusingtintsordyes
3.acomputerthatfitscomfortablyonyournoseandweighslessthanapairofglasses
4.amanbornin1876whoinventedaneffectivegasmotorengineandbuiltthefirstpracticalfour-strokeinternalcombustionenginecalledthe“OttoCycleEngine”
5.ashoewhoseheelsmadeelectricitywitheverystepthewearertakes
Key:
1.ThomasAlvaEdison
2.SallyFox
3.Nose-topcomputer
4.NicolausOtto
5.Electricshoes
Tolearnmoreaboutinventionspleaseturntopage57orlookatthescreen.
Task1:Lookinganddiscussing.
Lookatpage57orthescreen.Therearefourpicturesandfourdescriptions.Readthedescriptionsindividuallyfirstandthenmatcheachpicturewiththecorrectdescription.
Picture1:Electricshoes
Picture2:Inflatablebicycle
Picture3:Ediblechopsticks
Picture4:Nose-topcomputer
Task2:Discussing.
Nowdiscussthefollowingquestionsinpairs:
1.Whichofthefour“invention”doyouthinkwouldbemoreuseful?Why?
2.Isthereanythingyouwouldliketoinvent?Ifso,whatandwhy?
Task3:Listeningandansweringquestions.
1.Nowwearegoingtolistentodialogue1onthetape,whichisaboutMr.Dean’snewinvention.Listencarefullyandtrytounderstandit.Thenyoushouldanswerthefollowingquestions:
1)WhataretheadvantagesofMr.Dean’snewinvention?
2)Howdoesitwork?
3)Whatcanitbeusedfor?
4)Whydoesthepatentofficernotwanttogivethemanapatent?
2.Listentothetapeofdialogue2,whichisaboutMr.Scoles’inventionandthenanswerthefollowingquestions:
1)WhathasMr.Scolesinvented?
2)Whydidthemaninventit?
3)Doyouthinkitworks?Howdoesitwork?
4)Whydoesthepatentofficernotwanttogivethemanapatent?
Task4:Speakingup.
Ingroupsoffouroneistoplaytheroleofaninventortoexplaintotheresthowhisinventionworks.Thepatentofficershouldlisten,askquestionsanddecidetogivewhichonethepatent.
Closingbywriting.
Toendtheperiod,let’strytowritealistofnewinventionswewouldliketomake.Let’sseewhoseideasarebothcreativeandpractical.
Period2Let’sread!
(WhatwillYouThinkofNext?…)
Goals:
●Improvethestudents’readingabilities.
●Learnaboutcreativityandthinkingstrategies.
Procedures
Learninginbydiscussing.
Lasttimeyouwereaskedtowritealistofyourpossibleinventions.Nowweshallseewhoseinventionsarebothcreativeandpractical.
T:What’syourinvention,Sa?
Sa:FlowerSpeakerAmplifiers.
T:Whatdoesitlooklike?
Sa:Itisthegadgetthatishiddeninavaseorapottedplant.
T:Howdoesitwork?
Sa:Itsendsmusicatjusttherightfrequencytovibrateupthestemsandthenbeconvertedintoaudiblesoundbytheentireplant.AdevicesuchasaCDplayerorradiocanbeconnectedtoit.Musicisalsogoodfortheplants,whichareinvigoratedbytheconstantmusicalsounds.
T:Quitecreative.NowaccordingtotheanswerfromSa,Ihavegotsomequestionsforallofyoutodiscussingroups.
Task1:Skimmingforthemainidea.
Weshalllearnmoreaboutcreativitytoday.Nowskimthereadingpassagetofindoutthemainideaofeachpart.
Task2:TrueorFalse.
1MostinventorshavehighIQs.
2Thethingsweknowcansometimesmakeitmoredifficultforustounderstand.
3It’simpossibletolearnhowtobecreative.
4Thebestwaytofindagoodsolutionistolookforonegoodanswer.
5Inventorstrytoavoidfailure.
6Themorewayswehaveoflookingataproblem,themorelikelyitisthatwecanfindasolution.
7Mostgoodideasaretheresultofalongprocessoftrialanderror.
Task3:Listeningandreadingaloud.
Next,wearegoingtolistenandreadaloud.Pauseatthecorrectplacesandfindoutthesentencesdifficulttoyouatthesametime.
UsefulExpressions
Useone’screativity,comeupwithanewidea,havemuchincommon,havedifferentbackgrounds,dowellinschool,gethightestscores,haveahighIQ,practicegoodthinkingstrategies,limitone’sthinking,thinkout,rephraseaproblem,allowforcreativesolutions,rejectwrongideas,getstuck,movetowardsabettersolution,breakawayfromoldthoughtpatterns,explorenewpossibilities,deepenone’sunderstanding,remainhidden,connectto,makeconnections.aprocessoftrialanderror,changetheworld
Task4:Questionsandanswers.
Firstworkinpairs,tryingtoanalyzethedifficultsentences,thenputyourquestionstome.Wewillfocusontheformsandstructuresofthepassages.
Task5:Fillintheblankswiththewordsinthetext.
Creativityisamatterof_____.Inordertobemorecreative,weshouldthinkabouthowwethinkand_______goodthinkingstrategies.
To“thinkoutsidethebox”isaconscious______tobreakawayfromoldthought______inorderto_______newpossibilities.Achangein________-----totakeanotherlookattheproblem----mayleadtogoodsolutionsandnewideas.
Greatthinkersare______of“makingconnections”andtryto______newandoldideasinasmany______waysaspossible.By_______andconnectingideasandobjectsinnewways,creativethinkersareabletothinkofnew_________andsolutions.
Goodideasareno_______.Theyaretheresultofalong_____oftrialand_____.Ifwewanttodevelopourcreativity,wecantryusingthesethinkingstrategiestofindnewwaysto_____ourlife.
Closingupbydiscussion
Toendthisperiod,let’shaveadiscussionofthefollowingquestions:
1.Howcanwebemorecreativeinthinking?
2.Howdopeoplecomeupwithnewideasfornewinventions?
3.Howcancreativethinkingbeusedtobetterourstudies?
Period3Let’sstudy!
(Grammar:ReviewtheAttributiveClause)
Goals
●LearntodefinewordsinEnglishwiththeattributiveclause.
●Learnmoreabouttheattributiveclause.
Procedures
Leadingin:Readinganddiscovering.
Readthepassagesandunderlinealltheattributiveclauses.
Task1:Reviewingtheattributiveclause.
學(xué)習(xí)定語從句的幾個(gè)問題
1、掌握以上關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的含義及使用時(shí)，要特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1)指物時(shí)宜用that的情況：
a.當(dāng)先行詞為all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
b.當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。
Hespokeofthemenandthething(that)hehadseenabroad.
c.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。
ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.
d.當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,theonly,thelast,any,every等修飾時(shí)。
ThisisoneoftheverybookthatIamlookingfor.
e.當(dāng)先行詞是疑問詞who,what,which時(shí)。
Whothathassuchahomedoesn’tloveit?
f.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語。
Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.
2)關(guān)系代詞as和which都能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句代表整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，as
引導(dǎo)的從句可位于句首或句末，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句則不能位于句首。
Whichyouknow,heisagoodman.(×)
Asyouknow,heisagoodman.(√)
3)關(guān)系副詞when,where,why其含義相當(dāng)于onwhich,inwhichforwhich等，可以互換：
Thedaywhen/onwhichImethimfirstwasMay1st.
Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tcome.
47)whose指物時(shí)，可以與ofwhich等結(jié)構(gòu)互換，但應(yīng)注意與冠詞的位置關(guān)系：
Thisisthebookthecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecover/whosecoverisblue.
5)有時(shí)可用代替關(guān)系副詞。在口語中常省略。
Thisisthereason(why/forwhich/that)hecamelate.
6)先行詞是專有名詞、整個(gè)句子或世界上獨(dú)一無二的物質(zhì)名詞時(shí)，一般用非限定性定語從句修飾。Thesun,whichgivesuslightandheat,isverybig.
7)在先行詞和定語從句之間有無逗號(hào)有時(shí)會(huì)引起名義的變化：
Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.他沒說使她生氣的話。
Hesaidnothing,whichmadeherangry.他一言不發(fā)，這使她很生氣。
2、定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)
Itistheplacewheretheylivedbefore.
Itisintheplacethattheylivedbefore.
第一個(gè)句子為定語從句，where指代theplace，在定語從句中作狀語，第二個(gè)句子為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)intheplace,that沒有意義，把放回后面句子，句子意思完整。
Whereisitthathefoundthelostwatch?(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)疑問副詞where.)
Whereisthewatchhefoundyesterday?(定語從句，that指代thewatch.)
3、定語從句中的先行詞
Isthisbooktheonethatyouboughtyesterday?
Isthisthebookthatyouboughtyesterday?
第一個(gè)句子中，thisbook是主句的主語，theone是先行詞。在第二個(gè)句子中this是主句的主語，thebook是先行詞。一定要避免出現(xiàn)：Isthisbookthatyouboughtyesterday?
4、定語從句與同位語從句
定語從句相當(dāng)于形容詞，它對(duì)先行詞起修飾、描述或限制作用，而同位語從句則相當(dāng)于名詞，對(duì)其前面的詞給予說明或作進(jìn)一步解釋，即說明該詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容。例如：
Thenewsthatweheardisnottrue.(定語從句)
Thenewsthathewontheprizeisnottrue.（同位語從句）
另:在“havenoidea＋從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，其從句都作idea的同位語。例如：
Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.
Task2:Fillinginandrewriting.
Nowitistimeforyoutodothegrammarexercises1and2onpage61.
Closingupbyworkingoutawordpuzzle.
Torelaxed,turntopage62,andworkoutthewordpuzzleasquickaspossible.Thewinnerwillwinalittlegift.
Period4Let’sreadandwrite!
(ALLINTHEMIND:SCIENTIFICMETAPHORS)
Goals
●Improvethestudents’abilitiesofreadingcomprehension.
●Learnaboutthepositiveandnegativeof“scientificmetaphors”.
●Enablethestudentstowritebriefessays.
Procedures
Leadingin:bylifeexperiences.
Goodmorning,class!Livinginaninformationage,weareenjoyingvariousinventionsofmoderntechnology.Wemakeusesofcomputers,mobilephones,TVsets,andsoon.Nowtellmewhatusesyoumakeofallthosemoderndevices.
Task1:Readingforthemainideaofeachparagraph.
Tolearnmoreaboutmoderntechnologies,turntopage63andfirstreadforthemainideaofeachparagraph.
Task2:Discussingthelanguagepoints.
Anyproblemwiththearticle.Nowinpairstrytofindsomequestionsaboutallthepointsdifficulttoyou.Youmayaskmeforhelpifnecessary.
Task3:Listeningandreadingaloud.
Tounderstandbetterwhat’stalkedaboutinthearticle,listentothetaperecordandreadaloudthetextatthesametime.
Closingupbywritingabriefessay.
Allright,nowlistentomyquestions:
Whatwillcomputerslooklikeinthefuture?
Howwillweusecomputers?
Howwouldyoudescribeacomputertosomeonelivinginthe19thcentury?
Whatwouldyoucompareacomputerto?
WordsandExpressions
liveinaninformationage,do…withcomputer,sendmails,besimilarto…,keepinformationinone’smemory,developtechnologyatahighpace,metaphor,storage,paste,glue,bedifferentfrom…,inthebestway,afterall,nowthat,inthefuture,thinkabout…
Homework
Readingmaterial
以“魚”喻人
?、駍hark：(本義)鯊魚；(喻義)貪詐的人。如：aloanshark(高利貸主)，thebigsharks(壟斷資本家)。
Ⅱeel：(本義)鰻魚；(喻義)滑頭的人。如：
He’sfarfromstraightforwardtodealwith——aslipperyeel.
他這個(gè)人與人打交道很不直爽———滑頭精。
Ⅲfish：(本義)魚；(喻義)人。如：Thatolduncleofyoursisaqueerfish.你那位老伯伯，可真是個(gè)古怪的人。acoldfish冷冰冰的人apoorfish可憐蟲
“植物”喻人
Ⅰ.He was the No.1 seed in the table-tennis championship.
他是這屆乒乓球錦標(biāo)賽頭號(hào)種子選手。(種子——種子選手)
Ⅱ.A man of learning is supposed to be some pumpkins.
學(xué)問高深的人常被認(rèn)為是重要人物。(南瓜——很重要的人物，通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式并與some連用)
Ⅲ.He is a real daisy.他是個(gè)頂呱呱的人物。(雛菊——第一流的人物)
Ⅳ.The country lost the flower of its youth in the war.
那個(gè)國家在戰(zhàn)爭中失去了許多優(yōu)秀青年。(花——精華)
Ⅴ.I’llleave you two young people alone；I’m sure you don’t want me to play gooseberry.
你們兩個(gè)年輕人單獨(dú)在一起吧，我敢肯定你們不希望我夾在你們中間。(醋栗———[作]陪婦，這短語源自青年男女相聚時(shí)須有老婦陪伴的古老習(xí)俗譯成“當(dāng)電燈泡”也是很形象的表達(dá)。)
