高中試講英語(yǔ)教案

高二英語(yǔ)教案：《Project》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)。

一名優(yōu)秀負(fù)責(zé)的教師就要對(duì)每一位學(xué)生盡職盡責(zé)，準(zhǔn)備好一份優(yōu)秀的教案往往是必不可少的。教案可以保證學(xué)生們?cè)谏险n時(shí)能夠更好的聽(tīng)課，幫助高中教師提高自己的教學(xué)質(zhì)量。那么一篇好的高中教案要怎么才能寫好呢？小編特地為大家精心收集和整理了“高二英語(yǔ)教案：《Project》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)”，歡迎您參考，希望對(duì)您有所助益！

高二英語(yǔ)教案：《Project》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

Teaching aims and demands:

1. Enable students to understand the passage better.

2. Develop students' listening, reading, writing and thinking ability.

3. Enable the students to prepare and present an oral report on a Chinese medicine.

Teaching Approaches:

Task-based approaches

Form of Activities:

Individual, pair or group work and topic discussions.

Teaching Aids:

The multimedia and the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Revision

Translation:

1.麻疹 7.流感

2.瘧疾 8.病房

3.水痘 9.糖尿病

4.中風(fēng) 10.霍亂

5.傷寒 11.急診室

6.診室 12.重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室

Step 2Lead-in

1. Show a picture of acupuncture treatment on the screen and ask the students a question:

Have you ever experienced an acupuncture treatment?

2. Show another two pictures about different tools used for acupuncture treatment in the past and now.

Step 3 Fast Reading

1.Scan the text and find which of the topics is not mentioned: history, past uses, current uses, disadvantages in the West, benefits and disadvantages

(The disadvantages of Chinese disadvantages are not mentioned.)

2. What medical problems can acupuncture treat?

Bad pains, headaches, injuries, stomach problems, blood pressure problems, addiction to cigarettes, drugs, alcohol and food.

3. How does acupuncture reduce or relieve pain?

It is unclear now. One theory suggests that acupuncture blocks pain signals from reaching the spinal cord or brain. Another theory suggests acupuncture promotes the production of chemicals in the body which reduces pain.

Step 4 Further Reading

1. Listening for further informationPara 11. Ask the students the main idea of the paragraph.

(The history of Chinese acupuncture).

2. Ask the students to retell the history of Chinese acupuncture (magic needles).

began-the Stone Age

be practised-4,000 years

be developed-2,000 years agoParas 2 -31. Ask the students the main idea of the paragraph.

(The development of Chinese acupuncture).

2. Ask the students to retell the development of Chinese acupuncture.

In the pastNowadaysstone or pottery needles

metal needles

make holes on swollen areas

put needles into the skin at certain points

365 acupuncture points

about 2,000 acupuncture pointsPara 5Ask some questions in detail:

1. How does an acupuncturist examine a patient?

(First ask the patient's medical history and lifestyle. And then look at the color of the patient's skin and tongue, listen to his breathing and check his pulses.)

2. How many pulses are there and what are they connected with?

(There're twelve different pulses, six on each wrist. Every one is connected with a major body organ or function of an organ.)

3. Why will an acupuncturist check pulses?

(This will help him/her find out which energy channel doesn't have enough energy.)

Step 6 More information

Show some pictures on the screen to introduce more information about Chinese acupuncture.

1. Different tools for acupuncture

2. Now it is popular that acupuncture is used to help people lose weight .

3. The traditional Chinese acupuncture is becoming more and more popular with foreigners. For example, Oscar king Adrien Brody was keen to try acupuncture treatment. William's hair is becoming less and less. He is eager to try Chinese acupuncture treatment.

4. Dae jang Deum in the TV play series once used acupuncture to treat patients. But some experts said the plot was not true.

5. Pets also follow the fashion.

Step 7 Discussion

1. What are your thoughts on acupuncture?

2. What are the possible benefits or disadvantages of acupuncture over other treatments?

Step 6 Homework

1. Write an article about traditional Chinese medicine (one herb or treatment).

2. Finish the exercises of this unit.

擴(kuò)展閱讀

高二英語(yǔ)教案：《Poetry》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

俗話說(shuō)，凡事預(yù)則立，不預(yù)則廢。教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案，這是每個(gè)教師都不可缺少的。教案可以讓學(xué)生更好地進(jìn)入課堂環(huán)境中來(lái)，幫助教師有計(jì)劃有步驟有質(zhì)量的完成教學(xué)任務(wù)。教案的內(nèi)容要寫些什么更好呢？下面是小編精心為您整理的“高二英語(yǔ)教案：《Poetry》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)”，供大家借鑒和使用，希望大家分享！

高二英語(yǔ)教案：《Poetry》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

教材分析

本課是第18單元第3 課，經(jīng)過(guò)前面兩課的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生對(duì)美與審美的話題已經(jīng)有一定的認(rèn)識(shí)。本課課文由兩首英文詩(shī)組成，而學(xué)生在日常生活中很少接觸英文詩(shī)歌，加上詩(shī)歌欣賞需要運(yùn)用想象力，本身是很復(fù)雜的審美活動(dòng)，所以要欣賞英文詩(shī)歌之美難度較大。本課的重點(diǎn)是首先在閱讀中獲取主要信息：兩首詩(shī)的大意、各自所使用的語(yǔ)氣和表達(dá)的基本情感；然后，通過(guò)在詩(shī)句中尋找意象來(lái)進(jìn)一步理解所表達(dá)的情感，并欣賞從鮮明的意象和和諧的韻腳中傳遞出的詩(shī)歌獨(dú)有之美感。

本課計(jì)劃分兩課時(shí)進(jìn)行，第一課時(shí)通過(guò)捕捉動(dòng)作、場(chǎng)景的細(xì)節(jié)描寫和理順詩(shī)句中字詞順序等閱讀策略來(lái)獲取兩首詩(shī)的主要信息，并能夠表達(dá)這些信息；學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)詞匯的意義和用法。第二課時(shí)簡(jiǎn)單了解何為意象, 體驗(yàn)意象是怎樣構(gòu)成，找出詩(shī)句中的意象，進(jìn)而體會(huì)兩位詩(shī)人借助不同的意象所傳達(dá)出的不同情感；然后用自己的語(yǔ)言說(shuō)出兩首詩(shī)的異同之處；嘗試自己運(yùn)用意象來(lái)描述日常生活。

教學(xué)內(nèi)容

話題：某個(gè)特殊的夜晚：思鄉(xiāng)之夜、圣誕前夜

課型：閱讀課

詞匯：重點(diǎn)詞匯 ：bend, bound, bow, Christian, endless, freezing, oval, poetry，precious,

romantic, scenic, settle，stout, vague, vivid

相關(guān)詞匯*：chimney, drown, hoarfrost, homesickness, hoof, jerk, sleigh, thistle, tranquil

第一課時(shí)

First Period

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

在本課結(jié)束時(shí),學(xué)生能夠：

1識(shí)別與認(rèn)讀重要詞匯

2通過(guò)捕捉動(dòng)作描寫和理順詩(shī)句中字詞順序來(lái)獲取兩首詩(shī)的大意、語(yǔ)氣和基本情感；

3在對(duì)提取的信息進(jìn)行組織和內(nèi)化后，用自己的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)這些信息；

4在情感上與詩(shī)人產(chǎn)生一定的共鳴。

教學(xué)過(guò)程

教學(xué)活動(dòng)Activities設(shè)計(jì)意圖Intentions互動(dòng)模式&時(shí)間IP & timeLead-in：5 minStep 1T asks ss what famous Chinese poets they know and who is their favourite;[slide 2]T presents the 3 words "poetry", "poem", and "poet";

激活學(xué)生的背景知識(shí),引出本課話題。CW2'Step 2Ss read out the key words in Ex.2;

T explains the words "vivid", "precious" and "scenic", associating "scenic" with "scene" and "scenery"；[slide 3]Ss look at the two pictures of Santa and the moon on the book and in pairs discuss which of the key words they will use to describe the pictures.

利用描述圖片為下面的詩(shī)歌閱讀活動(dòng)熱身，同時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯、熟悉新詞匯。IW，PW3'

Pre-reading：8 minStep 3T presents two groups of pictures for each poem and elicits from ss the following words.

For Li Bai picture: tranquil, hoarfrost, bend, homesickness;

For Santa picture：chimney, sleigh, hoof, stout, oval eyes, like a bow.

[slide 4-5]

After all the words have been elicited, T helps Ss learn the pronunciations of the expressions, if necessary.[slide 6]T goes over the pictures again and asks ss to say the words from their memory.

[學(xué)案Ex.Ⅰ]

在圖片語(yǔ)境中呈現(xiàn)單詞，幫助學(xué)生理解、記憶詞義;

再次呈現(xiàn)新單詞，幫助學(xué)生有效利用課上時(shí)間記憶單詞CW，8'

While-reading: 25minStep 4First reading:

Ss read the two poems and answer questions about the two poem's general feelings;

T presents reading strategy 1;[slide 7][學(xué)案Ex.Ⅱ（1）]

Ss complete table 1 in groups by listing the words or phrases related to the weather and the time of day or year;[slide 8][學(xué)案Ex.Ⅱ（2）]　培養(yǎng)學(xué)生體會(huì)詩(shī)歌大意和捕捉詩(shī)歌細(xì)節(jié)信息的能力；IW, GW7'Step 5Second reading:

T presents reading strategy 3;

Ss read the two poems again; in pairs identify sentences in unusual order, reorder them in regular ways.

T explains the verbal phrases:

settle (oneself), be drowned in，pull in (one's head)

[slide 9-10]

幫助學(xué)生了解詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作的特點(diǎn)，為下一步提取詩(shī)句中的信息作準(zhǔn)備；

分步處理生詞和短語(yǔ)的用法CW, PW10'Step 6Third reading:

T presents reading strategy 2;

Ss read the poems again and complete table 2 by identifying what people in the poems do and how they feel.

[slide 11-12]

[學(xué)案Ex.Ⅲ]

培養(yǎng)學(xué)生提取主要信息的能力IW,5 'Step 7Ss listen to the tape and read after it.[slide 13]有聲輸入，整體感知詩(shī)歌的美感；CW,3'

Post-reading: 7 minStep 8Ss do Ex.4[slide 14]檢測(cè)學(xué)生是否準(zhǔn)確獲取兩首詩(shī)的主要信息；IW,3'Step 9Ss in pairs retell what happened in poem B according to Table 2, with s1 retelling the first 6 stanzas and s 2 dealing with the last half.[slide 14]培養(yǎng)學(xué)生把提取的信息變成自己的語(yǔ)言；把poem B 分成兩部分來(lái)復(fù)述，降低輸出的難度。PW'4'HomeworkLanguage Power p. 84，Ex.2 Vocabulary

p 91, Ex.5 Synonyms[slide 15]第二課時(shí)

Second Period

教學(xué)目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠

1. 發(fā)現(xiàn)詩(shī)歌中韻腳的使用；

2. 找到詩(shī)句中塑造的意象；

3. 總結(jié)兩首詩(shī)的從內(nèi)容到情感等方面的異同之處；

4. 在日常描寫中嘗試使用意象。

教學(xué)活動(dòng)Activities設(shè)計(jì)意圖Intentions互動(dòng)模式&時(shí)間IP & timeReview：6 minStep 1Ss review the vocabulary they have learned with a spider map and blanks filling; and do Ex.1 on p. 84;

[Slide 2-3]

[學(xué)案Ex.Ⅰ]

激活已學(xué)的詞匯;CW4'Step 2Ss recall the main ideas of each poem by Table 2.[slide 4][學(xué)案Ex.Ⅱ]

利用第一課時(shí)中的Table2，激活課文信

息，并為本課學(xué)習(xí)意象與描寫做鋪墊；IW，2'

Read to learn：22 minStep 3Ss read poem A aloud and observe the last words in each line; generalize the regularity of the sounds of these words. T presents the term for the regularity, rhyme.

Ss read poem B and in pairs generalize the regular sound pattern within and across the stanzas: it is rhymed too.

T elicits from ss why both poets put words in poem in disorderly manner.

[slide 5-7]

[學(xué)案Ex.Ⅲ]

引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己發(fā)現(xiàn)、歸納英文詩(shī)歌押韻這一形式特點(diǎn)；

引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)詩(shī)歌中字詞順序異于常態(tài)話語(yǔ)這一現(xiàn)象做出結(jié)論。IW, PW, CW8'Step 3T presents Reading strategy 4, exemplifies what an image is and explains the function of images;

[slide 8-11]

[學(xué)案Ex.Ⅳ(1)]

T presents two more examples from poem B and asks ss to think about how the two work on the reader's mind; Ss present their ideas.

T explains it: images work by means of descriptions, e.g. adj., comparison.[slide 12]培養(yǎng)學(xué)生發(fā)掘詩(shī)句中的意象的能力。CW,8'Step 4Ss work in groups and complete Table 3.

[slide13-14]

[學(xué)案Ex.Ⅳ(2)]

讓學(xué)生實(shí)踐這種能力。PW6'

Comprehensive practice：8 minStep 5T elicits from ss how poem A and B are similar in the following ways: topic, time, image and rhyme.

Ss in pairs list differences between the two; present their list orally.

[slide 15-16]

調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生在已有的知識(shí)和信息基礎(chǔ)上自主歸納、總結(jié)，鍛煉口頭表達(dá)；IW, PW,8'

Application: 8 minStep 7Ss work in groups to complete Ex.8 and present the group work result.[slide 17][學(xué)案Ex.Ⅴ]

綜合運(yùn)用已有的知識(shí)，在書面表達(dá)的實(shí)踐中鍛煉使用意象的能力。PW8'

Homework：1 min

Language Power p. 86-87，Ex.1 Focus on Reading (with Culture Corner on p. 44 as reference)[slide 18]

高二英語(yǔ)教案：《Robots》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

高二英語(yǔ)教案：《Robots》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

Teaching aims:

1) Learn about robots and science fiction.

2) Develop reading skills by skimming, scanning and careful reading.

Teaching important points:

1.Have students understand the passage well

2.Make students know Claire’s feelings change

Teaching difficult points:

1. How to skim, scan and carefully read the text effectively

2. Grasp Claire’s feelings change in the passage

導(dǎo)學(xué)過(guò)程（Guiding Procedures）:

一、自主預(yù)習(xí)(Preview)：Pre-read the text.

二、課前檢測(cè)（Pre-class test）（協(xié)作探究）

1. Lead in by the title of this unit and ask the following question: What is a robot?

2. Have students discuss in a group: What can robots do?

三、新知導(dǎo)學(xué)（Guiding）：Reading（協(xié)作探究）

ⅠSkimming: (☆)

1. Match the main idea with each part.

Part1 (para1-2) A. The night of the party

Part2 (para3-8) B. Claire’s attitude to the robot and her feeling at the sight of the robot

Part3 (para9-11) C. The result of the experiment

Part4 (para12) D. What Tony did for Claire

2. Larry brought a robot home to_______

A. make his wife happy B. test out the robot

C. send his wife a gift. D. free his wife from housework.

II. Scanning:

1.Choose the best answer: (☆)

① Why didn’t Claire want the robot in her house?

A. Because she didn’t like robots at all.

B. Because she didn’t like the robot’s appearance.

C. Because she was worried about being harmed by the robot.

D. Because the robot looked like a real person.

② We can infer that at the first sigh of Tony, Claire felt alarmed by _____.

A. his appearance

B. his ability

C. his facial expressions

D. his cleverness

③ Tony did the following things to help Claire EXCEPT _______.

A. giving her a new haircut

B. changing her makeup

C. having the house completely transformed and improved

D. going into a jewellery shop to buy her a necklace

④ Which of the following is NOT the reason why Tony opened the curtains?

A. To let other women see everything. B. To show the risk of Claire’s marriage.

C. To let other women envy Claire. D. To make Claire elegant just like her neighbors.

⑤ we can infer from the last paragraph_________

A. the robot proved to be a failure

B. the company was not satisfied with Tony’s report.

C. the robot would go back to help Claire again.

D. the robot had Claire falling in love with him.

2. Answer the following questions: (☆☆)

①What did Tony look like?

________________________________________________________________

②Why did Tony have to be rebuilt?

_________________________________________________________________

Ⅲ.Careful reading

Find how Claire’s emotion developed in the story. (☆☆)

Occasion Claire…

1.Before Tony arrived ①__________ him

2.When Claire first saw Tony was ②__________

3.When he offered to help her dress felt ③__________

4. When he offered to help her

④_________ her house and herself began to trust and

admire him

5.When he helped her deal with the salesman called him a ⑤_______

6.When she ⑥_____ ___a ladder and was

caught by Tony felt his warmth

7.When she heard Gladys whispering

to another woman that she had never

seen anyone so handsome as Tony felt being ⑦_(dá)________

8.When she remembered Tony was

just a machine

⑧________ all night

4． 課堂小結(jié)(Brief summery)

Complete the following passage.

Larry persuaded his wife, Claire, to _______ ______ (試驗(yàn)) a household robot called Tony. Claire is a very emotional (感情上的，感情脆弱的) woman who needs a good friend. She is ________（吸引）by Tony because he is so handsome and sympathetic (有同情心的). He becomes her best friend. She is ________(給…印象) by his abilities but ___________（尷尬的）by her feelings for him. She is disturbed because she thinks of him as a man (even though he is not). But she is amused that other women ________（忌妒）her and think they are having an __________（曖昧關(guān)系）. Finally, Claire succeeds in overcoming her sense of failure, but in doing so falls in love with Tony. Even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be _________(重建).

5. 課后討論（Discussion）

Which law is the story “Satisfaction Guaranteed” based on?

What might happen in a world where there were robots if Asimov’s three laws

did not exist?

6． 作業(yè)布置(Homework)

1.Finish exercises1&2 on page 13.

2.Read the passage again and find some difficult points and the long sentences.

7.課后反思（Self-examination）:

答案：

ⅠSkimming:

1. BDAC 2.B

II. Scanning:

1. Choose the best answer: CADBD

2. Answer the following questions:

① He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice although his facial expressions never changed.

② Tony had to be rebuilt because the company felt that they could not have women falling in love with a robot.

3. Find how Claire’s emotion developed in the story.

①disliked/refused ②alarmed ③embarrassed ④improve

⑤dear ⑥fell off ⑦envied ⑧cried

test out, attracted , impressed embarrassed, envy affair rebuilt

高二英語(yǔ)教案：《Ethnic Culture》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

一名優(yōu)秀的教師在教學(xué)時(shí)都會(huì)提前最好準(zhǔn)備，教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案，這是教師工作中的一部分。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠聽(tīng)懂教師所講的內(nèi)容，幫助教師在教學(xué)期間更好的掌握節(jié)奏。寫好一份優(yōu)質(zhì)的教案要怎么做呢？為了讓您在使用時(shí)更加簡(jiǎn)單方便，下面是小編整理的“高二英語(yǔ)教案：《Ethnic Culture》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)”，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。

高二英語(yǔ)教案：《Ethnic Culture》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

Module 5 Ethnic Culture

Part Two Teaching Resources

第二部分 教學(xué)資源

Section 1 Background Readings for Module 5 Ethnic Culture

1. The Jinuo Ethnic Group: The Jinuo Ethnic Group is made up of around 18,000 people who live in the Jinghong area of Yunnan. Their language is a Chinese-Tibetan language with no written script, but they mostly speak Chinese today. They live by farming, and fishing, and they grow mainly rice, maize and tea. Rice and maize, along with beans, are their staple foods; they eat three meals a day, with lunch being taken on their farmland. They live in large houses made of bamboo on mountain slopes. About 20 or 30 families live on the upper floor of the same house, keeping their animals on the ground floor. The women wear colorful jackets and short black skirts, while the men wear a short white jacket and white or blue trousers. They are known as good singers and dancers, and the drum is a very important instrument for them. In December they have a special Sun-drum Dance, when older people play a special drum and others dance around drum.

2. Ethnic Minorities in the UK: Immigration from countries which were former British colonies means that there are many other ethnic groups in the UK. These are the figures from the 2001 censsus (published 2003). Total UK population: 58,789,194. Ethnic groups: White: 92.1%, Mixed: 1.2%, Asian/Asian British: 4.0%, Black/Black British: 1.8%, Chinese: 0.4%, other: 0.6%.

3. Naxi: With a population of about 278009 (as of 1990), the Naxi ethnic group mainly live in concentrated communities in the Naxi Autonomous County of Lijiang in the Yunnan Province, and the rest are scattered throughout the neighboring counties in Yunnan Province, as well as Yanyuan, Yanbian and Muli counties in Sichuan Province. There is also a small number living in the Mangkang County in the Tibet Autonomous Region.

The Naxi ethnic minority has its own language which belongs to the Yi branch of Tibeto-Burman Austronesian of the Chinese-Tibetan Phylum. The ancient Naxi people created pictographic characters called the "Dongba" script and a syllabic writing known as the "Geba" script. However, they were difficult to master, and in 1957 the government helped the Naxi design an alphabetic script. Due to close contact with the Han people over the past several hundred years, the Naxi people also use the oral and written Chinese to communicate.

According to historical documents, the forefathers of the Naxi people were closely related to a tribe called "Maoniu Yi" in the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), "Mosha Yi" in the Jin Dynasty (265-420) and "Moxie Yi" in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). The Naxis also had a number of other names. In 1278, the Yuan Dynasty established Lijiang Prefecture representing the imperial court in Yunnan Province. After the founding of the PRC in 1949, following consultation with the ethnic minority, it agreed upon the official name of Naxi ethnic minority.

Agriculture is the main occupation of the Naxi people, together with stockbreeding and handicraft industry. The banks of the Jinsha River are heavily forested, and Yulong Mountain is known at home and abroad as a "flora storehouse". The extensive dense forests contain Chinese fir, Korean pine, Yunnan pine and other valuable trees, as well as many varieties of herbs.

Naxi literature is rich in form and content. The Dongba script created in the seventh century by the Naxi people is the only pictographic characters extant in the world. The Dongba Scripture, a religious work written in the pictographic script, describes the various aspects of life of the Naxi people during their long transition from slavery to feudalism. It is extremely important for the study of Naxi literature, history and religion.

Most Naxi people were followers of the Dongba religion, which is a form of Shamanism. Lamaism, Buddhism, Taoism and Christianity only have limited access to the Lijiang area.

The traditional festivals include the Farm-Tool Fair in January, the God of the Rain Festival in March, and the Mule and Horse Fair in July. There are also the Spring Festival, the Qingming Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-autumn Festival and the Torch Festival -- all being the same as those of the Hans.4. 麗江麗江既是一個(gè)縣又一個(gè)地區(qū)的名稱。麗江地區(qū)現(xiàn)在管轄4個(gè)縣，其中華坪縣是煤炭基地，永勝縣是魚米之鄉(xiāng)，寧蒗彝族自治縣和麗江納西族自治縣是重點(diǎn)旅游開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)。全區(qū)面積20600平方公里，總?cè)丝?12萬(wàn)，除漢族外，人口較多的還來(lái)納西族、彝族、傈僳族、白族、普米族等10個(gè)少數(shù)民族，人口64萬(wàn)，約占全區(qū)總?cè)丝诘?7%。麗江少數(shù)民族的語(yǔ)言、習(xí)俗、民居、服飾、節(jié)日、歌舞豐富多采，獨(dú)具特色。

麗江壩子, 云南特有民族納西族的主要聚居地，它是滇西北最大的高原盆地，面積近200平方公里，海拔2400米左右。麗江縣城大研鎮(zhèn)就坐落在壩子的中央。人們通常說(shuō)的麗江古城，就是大研鎮(zhèn)的中心，在1997年12月4日它被聯(lián)合國(guó)列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)名單，成為一座世界文化名城。

為什么叫"麗江"呢？ "麗江"一名，始于元朝至元十三年（1276年）設(shè)置行政區(qū)麗江路?！对?地理志》說(shuō)："路因江名。"就是說(shuō)，"麗江"地名的由來(lái)最早起源于金沙江的別稱"麗水"。金沙江就是長(zhǎng)江上游，因產(chǎn)金沙得名。但為什么金沙江又稱"麗水"、"麗江"呢？史書上的主要說(shuō)法是金沙江源于青藏高原犁牛石，而稱犁水，即犁田的犁，山水的水。昆明大觀樓長(zhǎng)聯(lián)作者孫髯翁就在《金沙江》詩(shī)中寫道："劈開(kāi)蕃域斧無(wú)痕，流出犁牛向麗奔"。蕃域即今藏族先民吐蕃居住區(qū)。后因犁、麗聲音相近而異寫為麗水、麗江。

從地圖上看，麗江的西、北、東三面都有金沙江環(huán)繞，就像拉丁字母W，形成三大轉(zhuǎn)折奇觀。由此看來(lái)，元世祖忽必烈用此突出的自然實(shí)體取名"麗江"，是很恰當(dāng)?shù)?。麗江就是美麗的金沙江，?dāng)?shù)丶{西語(yǔ)又叫"依古堆"，意為大江轉(zhuǎn)彎的地方。這里就引出了麗江古城的大環(huán)境--玉壁金川。玉壁指的就是玉龍雪山，它位于這個(gè)壩子的北端，像是古城的一堵銀色照壁，把古城映襯得光彩奪目。金川指的就是金沙江，它三面環(huán)繞麗江地區(qū)615公里，堪稱全球最美麗的江段。

麗江縣城雖然地處云南西北高原，終年看見(jiàn)雪山，然而沒(méi)有嚴(yán)寒，沒(méi)有酷暑，不要暖氣，不要空調(diào)。這里年均氣溫?cái)z氏12.6度，最冷的1月平均氣溫約為攝氏6度，最熱月的平均氣溫約為攝氏18度，年溫差僅有12度左右。同時(shí)，麗江出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)低溫和絕對(duì)高溫的次數(shù)比較少，持續(xù)時(shí)間也不會(huì)太長(zhǎng)，所以四季的界限不很明顯。究其原因，主要是低緯度的地理位置，麗江位于北緯27度左右，冬夏兩季日射角度變化小，地面溫度比較均勻；而每年夏秋，又受海洋季風(fēng)暖濕氣流影響，陰雨天多，地面氣溫不易升高；加之縱橫交錯(cuò)的高山成為阻擋北方寒流的天然屏障，所以這晨形成干暖溫和的獨(dú)特氣候。

同時(shí)，麗江工業(yè)不多，自然很少受到污染，空氣清新潔凈，到處青山碧水，四季莊稼生長(zhǎng)，尤其冬春季節(jié)，天空分外湛藍(lán)，陽(yáng)光充足明媚，令人賞心悅目。正是由于麗江的四季不很明顯，立體變化，遇雨成冬，而且晝夜之間的溫差比較大，所以外地客人到麗江后應(yīng)適當(dāng)注意增減衣服，以免引起感冒。

麗江雖然地處偏僻，卻有著悠久的歷史和燦爛的文化。五萬(wàn)年前，已有舊石器晚期智人"麗江人"在此生息。從新石器、青銅器的發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了麗江是云南古人類的搖籃之一。麗江地區(qū)開(kāi)發(fā)較早，公元前109年西漢即設(shè)遂久縣管轄，元初設(shè)置云南37路之一的麗江路，"麗江"一名從此開(kāi)始。元代至清初的470年間，麗江是納西族木氏土司統(tǒng)治區(qū)域中心。

如今的麗江縣，是中國(guó)唯一的納西族自治縣，也是麗江地區(qū)最大的一個(gè)縣，面積7648平方公里，人口約36萬(wàn)，其中納西族占55%。納西族源于中國(guó)古代南遷的氐羌族群，居住在以麗江為中心的滇川藏交界處，總?cè)丝诩s有30萬(wàn)，而麗江縣有20萬(wàn)，占全國(guó)納西族總?cè)丝诘?7%。納西族人口不多，分布不廣，然而卻以古老而豐富的民族文化著稱，有人說(shuō)它是小民族創(chuàng)造大文化。

納西族最為著名的文化特色是"三個(gè)活化石"。所謂"三個(gè)活化石"，即是文字活化石--納西象形文字、音樂(lè)活化石--納西古樂(lè)、人類社會(huì)活化石--摩梭人母系大家庭。創(chuàng)造于唐代的納西東巴文，被稱為世界上唯一活著的象形文字；至今仍在麗江流行的兩套大型古典樂(lè)曲《白沙細(xì)樂(lè)》，被中外音樂(lè)界被為"國(guó)寶"；瀘沽湖畔摩梭人，至今仍保持著母系大家庭和不娶不嫁的阿夏走婚形態(tài)，為世所罕見(jiàn)。

高二英語(yǔ)教案：《Great Scientists》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

Unit 1 Great Scientists

Language Points of Warming and Reading

1. characteristic 【課文原句】

characteristic 1)n..特征;特性

和藹是他的特性之一。Kindness is one of his characteristics.

2) adj.典型的，作為能突出人或者東西的特征的;獨(dú)特的

我聽(tīng)到我朋友那有特色的笑聲。I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh.

常見(jiàn)搭配：be characteristic of 是……的特性

他就是這么遲鈍。Such bluntness is characteristic of him.

2.put forward 【課文原句】

put forward 1)提出(計(jì)劃，主意等)2)推薦，提名 3)(把時(shí)鐘指針)往前撥;將……提前

① 他提出一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃讓全體委員審議。He put forward a plan for the committee to consider.

② as the candidate for the chairman of the committee?

③ 記住今晚把時(shí)鐘指針往前撥。Remember to put your clock forward tonight.

④ 我們已把婚禮提前了一周。We’ve put the wedding forward by one week.

知識(shí)鏈接：put aside 把……放在一邊，把……擱置起來(lái) put away把 ……收起來(lái)，儲(chǔ)蓄

put through 接通電話，完成put back 把……放回原處put down 放下，記下鎮(zhèn)壓

put up 舉起，建造，張貼 put off 推遲 put out熄滅

活學(xué)活用：The workers will go on strike if the demands they are turned down.

A. put aside B. put through C. put forward D. put away

3.conclude vt.&vi.結(jié)束;得出結(jié)論;推斷出;斷定。

1)我們將以國(guó)歌結(jié)束我們的音樂(lè)會(huì)。We will conclude our concert with the National Anthem.

2)從證據(jù)來(lái)看我敢斷定你錯(cuò)了。From the evidence I must conclude that you are wrong.

conclusion n.結(jié)論

come to /reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論

4.expert 【課文原句】

expert 1) adj 內(nèi)行的;老練的;熟練的 常與at或 in連用

根據(jù)專家的建議 according to expert advice

熟練的騎手an expert driver

他善于烹制又好吃又便宜的飯菜。He is expert at/in cooking good cheap meals.

expert 2)n. 專家，能手 常與at或 in/on連用

① 農(nóng)業(yè)/數(shù)學(xué)/心理學(xué)專家 an expert in agriculture/mathematics/psychology

② 凱特是個(gè)幼兒教育專家。Kate is an expert in /at/ on teaching small children.

5.attend vt.&vi. 1)照顧，照料，護(hù)理

①除了Tina.，再無(wú)人照顧他了。There was no one to attend him but Tina.

②哪位護(hù)士在照顧你?Which nurse is attending to you?

2)參加，出席

昨天他沒(méi)有參加會(huì)議。He didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.

知識(shí)鏈接：attendance n.出席，參加 attendant n.侍者，服務(wù)員 attend to 處理，對(duì)付;照料attend school/church 去上學(xué)/ 做禮拜attend a meeting/ a lecture參加會(huì)議/聽(tīng)演講

辨析：attend, join , join in與 take part in

1) attend 出席，參加(會(huì)議、儀式、婚禮等)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)參加者在活動(dòng)中所起的作用。

2) join參加組織、團(tuán)體，并成為其中一員;加入一群人，并和他們一起活動(dòng)

3) join in參加(某活動(dòng))，也可用在 join sb. in sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示加入某人一起做某事

4) take part in參加(某活動(dòng))，并在其中起作用

活學(xué)活用：He told me that he had an important party to that night.

A. attend B. join C. join in D .take part in

6.expose 【課文原句】

expose vt.1)使暴露;使面臨;使處于無(wú)遮蔽或不受保護(hù)的狀態(tài);使受影響;

常見(jiàn)句型：expose sth./sb./oneself to sth

① 留在屋里，不要讓皮膚在太陽(yáng)下暴曬。Keep indoors and don’t expose your skin to the sun.

② 使士兵冒不必要的危險(xiǎn)expose soldiers to unnecessary risks

③ 遭受批評(píng)/嘲笑 expose oneself to criticism/ ridicule

④ 嬰兒被離棄在風(fēng)雨之中。The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain.

⑤ 接觸英語(yǔ)達(dá)六年左右的學(xué)生a student who has been exposed to English for some six years

2)揭露，揭發(fā);暴露;使曝光

① 揭發(fā)陰謀/犯罪行為expose a plot/ crime

② 他說(shuō)了那句不妥的話，暴露了他對(duì)此事的無(wú)知。That unfortunate remark exposed his ignorance of the subject.

③ 使一卷底片曝光expose a reel of film

7.challenge【課文原句】

Challenge 1)n. 挑戰(zhàn)，具有挑戰(zhàn)性的事物。常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：

face the challenge 遇到問(wèn)題，面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)

accept a challenge接受挑戰(zhàn)

issue/offer a challenge提出挑戰(zhàn)

他接到電視辯論的挑戰(zhàn)。He received a challenge to a TV debate.(常與to連用)

2)v.向挑戰(zhàn)……挑戰(zhàn)challenge sb.to sth.就某事向某人挑戰(zhàn)

①他們向我們提出開(kāi)展友誼競(jìng)賽。They challenge us to a friendly competition.

②他們的學(xué)校向我們學(xué)校挑戰(zhàn)，要進(jìn)行足球比賽。Their school challenged ours to a football match.

8.control 【課文原句】