高中中英語口語課教案

2010中考英語短文改錯(cuò)題應(yīng)考策略及例題解析。

2010中考英語短文改錯(cuò)題應(yīng)考策略及例題解析

一、注意事項(xiàng)

1.先將全文通讀一遍，弄清文章大意。

2.判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)不但要從本行、本句，還要綜觀全文。

3.多詞處記住在該詞上畫斜線。

4.缺詞、錯(cuò)詞處別忘了在原文中做記號(hào)。

5.一般情況下有一個(gè)肯定是對(duì)的，有一兩個(gè)是填詞或者刪詞，大多數(shù)是改詞。

6.留心邏輯的錯(cuò)誤，尤其是動(dòng)詞、人稱代詞，肯定、否定等。

7.遇到?jīng)]把握的地方，千萬不要隨便改動(dòng)。

8.注意考點(diǎn)分布的廣泛性。如名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，代詞、形容詞的變化等。另外動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)容易出題，再就是邏輯方面。

短文改錯(cuò)一般只有一個(gè)正確答案，有3個(gè)左右的小題是句子殘缺或者多余，需要添加或者去掉某些成分；有6個(gè)左右的小題有錯(cuò)誤，需要改正。在改錯(cuò)測(cè)試題中，冠詞、名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、連詞和介詞等都會(huì)涉及到。我個(gè)人認(rèn)為，相關(guān)性錯(cuò)誤是短文改錯(cuò)考查的核心，考生一定要明確每個(gè)小題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)和命題者的命題意圖是什么。

冠詞考查分兩個(gè)方面，一是冠詞主語殘缺或多余，考生要注意關(guān)于含有冠詞（不含冠詞）的用法以及加冠詞與不加冠詞的區(qū)別，如：inchargeof與inthechargeof,outofquestion與outofthequestion的區(qū)別；二是冠詞the,a,an（定冠詞和不定冠詞）之間的相互誤用。

名詞主要考查單數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)名詞，這主要是受東西方文化差異的影響，英語中除了不可數(shù)名詞和單數(shù)名詞用單數(shù)外，可數(shù)名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

代詞主要有人稱代詞、物主代詞、關(guān)系代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞、復(fù)合疑問代詞、指示代詞。要注意代詞的各人稱之間和單復(fù)數(shù)之間的誤用，關(guān)系代詞which,that,as之間的誤用，關(guān)系代詞that與疑問代詞what之間的誤用，關(guān)系代詞which與關(guān)系副詞when,where以及what與how的誤用等。

動(dòng)詞是短文改錯(cuò)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗婕暗絼?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（主要是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變成一般過去時(shí)）和語態(tài)誤用（主要是缺少助動(dòng)詞），非謂語動(dòng)詞的誤用（主要是現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞之間的誤用，動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to的添加，動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞的形式等），動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作、結(jié)果與狀態(tài)之間的誤用（例如：listen與hear，look與see，watch與notice等），以及動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)用（came與went的錯(cuò)用，此處涉及行文邏輯問題）。

形容詞與副詞主要涉及它們之間的相互誤用，另外考生應(yīng)該注意形容詞與名詞或代詞的位置關(guān)系，副詞與動(dòng)詞的位置關(guān)系，以及形容詞與副詞的位置關(guān)系。

連詞主要有兩類，即并列連詞和從屬連詞，考查點(diǎn)主要是并列連詞（分遞進(jìn)式、轉(zhuǎn)折式、選擇式和因果式4種）之間的誤用（主要是but與so/and之間的誤用），從屬連詞之間的誤用以及并列連詞與從屬連詞之間的誤用等。

介詞主要涉及到相關(guān)介詞的誤用，例如：Johnwenttoschoolthrough（through-across）abridgethreetimesaday.

二、一致性問題

1.主謂一致

1)Whatareyourfavouritesport？are→Is

這是對(duì)疑問句主謂一致的考查。

2)Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptall...play→Playing

動(dòng)詞原形加—ing構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞形式，與謂語動(dòng)詞makes一致。

3)Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.is→are

主語為復(fù)數(shù)概念“我的照片和獎(jiǎng)牌”。

2.時(shí)態(tài)一致

1)Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.drove→drive

連詞and連接的是兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作meet和drive。

2)Theyofferedmecoffeeandotherdrinks.Wehaveagoodtimetalkingandlaughing.have→had

整篇文章記述過去發(fā)生的事情，用的是過去時(shí)。

3)Hello,IlearnaboutyoufrommyEnglishteacher...learn→learned

從教師那兒知道，是過去發(fā)生的行為，故須用過去時(shí)。

4)Myfavouritesportisfootball.Iwasamemberofourschoolfootballteam.was→am

整篇文章描述現(xiàn)在的情況，用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。此句也應(yīng)改為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

5)...notonlymakesus...butalsogiveusasenseoffairplay...give→gives

notonly...，butalso...連接的應(yīng)是兩個(gè)相等的成分，用第三人稱單數(shù)。

6)Iamhappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalotoftimearguing...am→was

此句描述的是過去的事情，且下句也是用的過去時(shí)，故要改為was。

7)Irememberedherwordsandcalmdown.calm→calmed

連詞and連接兩個(gè)相等的成分。

3.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一致

1)...andaskedmelotsofquestion.question→questions

question為可數(shù)名詞，用在lotsof后面，應(yīng)加s。

2)Westudyquiteafewsubject.suchasmaths...subject→subjects

afew后面應(yīng)跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

3)...andoftenwatchfootballmatchonTV...match→matches

經(jīng)常觀看足球賽，足球賽應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。

4)Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedmesuccess...schoolmate→schoolmates

此處“同學(xué)”為復(fù)數(shù)概念，應(yīng)加上s。

4.代詞的性、數(shù)一致

1)TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeel...his→their

主語TheSmiths用以指代一家人或夫婦倆，后面的代詞應(yīng)該用their。

2)Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegames.they→we

全文談?wù)摰亩际恰拔覀儭钡氖?，此處也?yīng)一致。

5.語意一致

Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.but→and

微笑和點(diǎn)頭在語意上是并列的關(guān)系。

三、詞義的重疊

1.TodayIvisitedtheSmiths—myfirsttimevisitto...

這一題是考查英漢不同的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。漢語的“第一次訪問”，英語說myfirstvisit即可，time是多余的。

2.First,letmetellyousomethingmoreaboutmyself.

因?yàn)槭穷^一次交朋友，以前并不了解，無所謂“更多”。more明顯是多余的。

3.NowIcan’twatchmuchtelevisionbutafewyearsagoIusedtowatchiteverynight...andtherewasnowayofsettlingthematterexceptbysellingtheset.

此題難度較大。它在語義上出現(xiàn)重疊，但答案一直到短文最后一句才出現(xiàn)。電視機(jī)既已賣掉，就不可能再看了，更不可能看“很多”。故要去掉much。

4.WheneverIseethemIoftenthinkofmyEnglishteacher.

此題易受漢語的影響，造成語意上的重疊?！懊慨?dāng)我看見他們，我總會(huì)想起我的英語教師?！钡⒄Z中whenever之后一般不用often。

四、邏輯關(guān)系

IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.where→which

考查定語從句中關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的用法。此處where應(yīng)改為which，因?yàn)樗诙ㄕZ從句中做主語。

精選閱讀

2010年中考英語單詞分類復(fù)習(xí)策略4

2010年中考英語單詞分類復(fù)習(xí)策略4

四、形容詞、副詞?

(一)知識(shí)概要?

形容詞的用法很活躍,在英語中用處也很多,但英語中修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語和詞組有時(shí)不同,要特別加以注意。下面將初中學(xué)習(xí)階段中遇到的修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組歸納如下:many,no,several,some,afew,alot,lots,plenty,plentyof,alotof,alargenumberof,enough。而修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或詞組如下:much,no,some,alot,agreatdeal,lots,plenty,alotof,plentyof。?其中some,no,alotof,plentyof既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。?英語中形容詞與副詞有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)之分,其規(guī)則如下:?

構(gòu)詞法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)加er,或estTall

youngtaller?

younger

tallest

youngest

只加r或stnice?

large

nicer

larger

nicest?

largest

重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)雙寫該字母加er、estbig?

fat?

hot

bigger

fatter

hotter

biggest?

fattest

hottest

不規(guī)則變化的形容詞或副詞:?

原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)

goodbetterbest

Wellbetterbest

badworseworst

badlyworseworst

manymoremost

mostmoremost

littlelesslest

farfarther

further

farthest

furthest

oldolder?

elder

oldest?

eldest

要注意的是許多形容詞同時(shí)又是副詞,如:back,all,alone,either,far,high,slow等。而有些形容詞則要經(jīng)過一定變化才能轉(zhuǎn)為副詞,其規(guī)律如下:?

構(gòu)詞法形容詞副詞

一般加lyCareful

kind

carefully

kindly

尾是y時(shí)將y變成i加lyHappy

busy

easy

Happily

busily

easily

其他true

terrible

full

possible

shy

whole

truly

terribly

fully

possibly

shyly

wholly

在學(xué)習(xí)過程中要注意其變化。?

此外并不是所有副詞都可以修飾比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形容詞。能修飾比較級(jí)的有:much,yet,far,still,agreatdeal,even和alittle.能修飾最高級(jí)的有:thevery,muchthe,far等。?

(二)正誤辨析?

[誤]Theyounglikesplayingfootballverymuch.?

[正]Theyounglikeplayingfootballverymuch.?

[析]定冠詞加形容詞表示一類人,應(yīng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時(shí)則要看作單數(shù),如:Thebeautifulisnotalwayskindness.美麗并不總代表善良。?

[誤]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstareover.?

[正]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstisover.?

[析]意為:"危險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)過去,最困難的狀況已結(jié)束。"用定冠詞加最高級(jí)形容詞作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)形式。?

[誤]Itisthegoldageoftheyoung.?

[正]Itisthegoldenageoftheyoung.?

[析]golden在英語中多用于比喻,如:goldenhair金發(fā),guldenvoice金嗓子。而gold多用于表達(dá)金質(zhì)的,如:agoldbar金條,agoldcoin金幣,但goldfish金魚例外。

[誤]Sheisawarmheartwoman.?

[正]Sheisawarm?heartedwoman.?

[析]英語形容詞的構(gòu)詞法很多,其中之一是由形容詞,或數(shù)詞,加名詞加ed構(gòu)成,如:?warm?hoarted熱心腸的,white?haired白毛的?

[誤]Thereisanalivefishinthepool.?

[正]Thereisalivingfishinthepool.?

[析]在初中范圍內(nèi)所學(xué)到的以a字母開頭的形容詞一般不能作定語,只能作表語。如:Thefishisalive.(魚還活著)這樣的形容詞有:alive,alike,alone,asleep,afraid,awake等。?

[誤]Theillmannearlydied.?

[正]Thesickmannearlydied.?

[析]ill一般不作定語來形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表語時(shí)則都可以。如:Heisillsick,ill作定語時(shí)則另有他意,如:illluck(厄運(yùn)),illnature(天性惡劣),illtemper(心緒不好)?

[誤]Ihaveimportantsomethingtotellyou.?

[正]Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.?

[析]不定代詞something,anyone,somebody…在用形容詞修飾時(shí),形容詞應(yīng)放其后。但要注意thing則不是不定代詞,不符合上述規(guī)律。如:Ihaveanimportantthingtotellyou.?

[誤]IllbefreeonnextSunday.?

[正]IllbefreenextSunday.?

[析]在表達(dá)將來時(shí)的時(shí)候:nextSunday,nextweek,nextyear或lastSundaylastweek,lastyear前都不加介詞。?

[誤]Thegirlistwo?yearold.?

[正]Thegirlistwoyearsold.?

[正]Sheisatwo?year?oldgirl??

[析]由連字符連接若干名詞、數(shù)詞……組成的形容詞,在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要記住兩點(diǎn),其一是這些詞中的名詞都不要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:two?thousand?wordreport(兩千字的報(bào)告);其二是這樣構(gòu)成的形容詞只能作定語,即用于名詞之前,而不能作表語。?

[誤]TheforeignerslikethoselittlebeautifulChinesepaintings.?

[正]TheforeignerslikethosebeautifullittleChinesepaintings.?

[析]在名詞前若有幾個(gè)形容詞作修飾語時(shí),其順序如下。?

1.指示代詞,定冠詞2.數(shù)量詞3.性質(zhì)詞4.大小?5.形狀6.老少,新舊7.顏色8.材料?

但要注意的是英語的習(xí)慣是一個(gè)名詞前的形容詞一般不要多于三個(gè)。?

如:Whataprettylittlewhitehorse!?

ThosefirstfewshortEnglishstorieswerenotdifficulttounderstand.?

[誤]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishgoodistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.

[正]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.

[析]good是形容詞,這里是修飾動(dòng)詞speak的,所以應(yīng)用副詞well,但well作形容詞講時(shí)只作身體好。如:Heiswell.(他身體很好)。Heisgood.(他是個(gè)好人)。?

[誤]Thechildrenplayonthegrassnappyly.?

[正]Thechildrenplayonthegrasshappily??

[析]多音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時(shí)應(yīng)將y變?yōu)閕再加ly.?

[誤]Theteacherlookedangryatthestudents.?

[正]Theteacherlookedangrilyatthestudents.?

[析]英語中感觀動(dòng)詞后面要接形容詞,這時(shí)它是修飾主語的,如:Thefoodsmellsgood.食物聞起來很香。Theteacherlookedangry老師看起來很生氣。?而此句的意思為:"老師生氣地看著學(xué)生",所以應(yīng)用副詞形式。?

[誤]Heworkedwithmefriendly.?

[正]Hewasfriendlytome.?

[析]不是所有結(jié)尾是ly的詞都是副詞,但friendly是形容詞,這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ovely,lonely,costly,lively…monthlyweekly…。但其中有些詞既是副詞,又是形容詞,如:early,hourly,monthly…?

[誤]Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofyourfriends.?

[正]Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofyourfriends.?

[析]free作為形容詞意為"自由的,有空閑的,免費(fèi)的"。作為副詞講則是"免費(fèi)"之意。而freely作為副詞則是"自由的,隨便的"。這些要注意的詞還有:?hard努力,艱苦hardly幾乎不late遲,晚?lately最近的,最新的near近nearly幾乎?like像likely幾乎?

[誤]Theymusthavearrivedtillnow.?

[正]Theymusthavearrivedbynow.?

[析]bynow是用于表達(dá)到目前為止某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,所以應(yīng)用瞬間動(dòng)詞。而tillnow是強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,所以一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。?musthave+過去分詞是對(duì)過去某一事情所作的肯定推測(cè)。?

[誤]Someonecalledyourightnow.?

[正]Someonecalledyoujustnow.?

[析]justnow有兩個(gè)意思,其一是"剛才",其二是"現(xiàn)在",而rightnow只能用于現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。just則用于完成時(shí)態(tài),如:Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.?

[誤]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericaatpresent.?

[正]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericapresently.?

[析]presently有兩個(gè)意思:其一是最近,不久,其二在美語中是現(xiàn)在之意,與atpresent相同。而forthepresent為暫時(shí),如:IteachEnglishintheschoolforthepresent.

[誤]Illbebackatthemoment.?

[正]Illbebackinamoment.?

[析]atthemoment其意為"現(xiàn)在,當(dāng)時(shí)",而inamoment意為"馬上過一會(huì)",與inaminute意思相近。?

[誤]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereintime.?

[正]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereontime.?

[析]ontime為"準(zhǔn)時(shí)",而intime有兩個(gè)含意。其一是"及時(shí)",如:Thedoctorarrivedintime。其二是"將來,終究"。?

[誤]Imetanoldfriendsometimeslastmonth.?

[正]Imetanoldfriendsometimelastmonth.?

[析]Sometime過去,或者將來某時(shí)。?Sometimes有時(shí)?

如:SometimesIgotoschoolbybus.?Sometime一些時(shí)間?

如:Ineedsometimetodomyhomework.?Sometimes幾次?

如:IwenttoShanghaisometimesthismonth.?

attimes有時(shí),偶爾?

atalltimes經(jīng)常?

someothertime改天?

[誤]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?

[正]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysbefore.?

[正]Imetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?

*ago用在時(shí)間狀語中時(shí),主句中謂語動(dòng)詞一般用過去時(shí),而before用于時(shí)間狀語時(shí)則主句的謂語動(dòng)詞宜用完成時(shí)態(tài)。?

[誤]Hestudiedveryhard.andattheendhepassedtheexam.?

[正]Hestudiedveryhard,andintheendhepassedtheexam.?

[析]intheend=atlast意為"最終,終于",表達(dá)經(jīng)過若干努力而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。而attheend是在某事的結(jié)束時(shí)如何如何,如:Attheendofclass,theteachergaveussomestorybooks。?

[誤]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueachthreedays.?

[正]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueverythreedays.?

[析]everythreedays為"每三天",即每隔二天,而everyotherday為每隔一天。

[誤]Hedidntgotothecinemayesterday.andIdidntgo,too.?

[正]HedidntgotothecinemayesterdayandIdidntgoeither.?

[析]英語中表示"也",有4個(gè)字,also,aswell,too,either,但either用于否定句中,而前3個(gè)用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too與aswell一般要用在句尾,而also則可用于句中。如:Shewenttothepartyandherboyfriendwenttheretoo.又如:Ivealsoreadherothernovels.?

[誤]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?

[正]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?

[析]anyway為"不管怎么"講,"無論如何",如:Whataterribleaccident,anywaynoonewashurt.?

anyway為"任何方式"。這種常見的錯(cuò)誤還發(fā)生在以下幾組詞中,如:?

everyday日常的everyday每天?

faraway遙遠(yuǎn)的faraway遠(yuǎn)離?

altogether總計(jì)alltogether一塊,大家一起?

already已經(jīng)allready全準(zhǔn)備好了?

[誤]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.?

[正]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.?

[析]anytime是副詞而anytime中的time是名詞。?

[誤]Shesaidnearlynothing.?

[正]Shesaidalmostnothing.?

[析]nearly與almost的含意相近,在很多場(chǎng)合可以互換,但在否定詞前用almost。

[誤]Therearetoomuchmistakesinyourhomework.?

[正]Therearetoomanymistakesinyourhomework.?

[析]toomuch后接不可數(shù)名詞,如:Thereistoomuchwaterfortheflowers.而toomany后加可數(shù)名詞,muchtoo后面加形容詞,如:ItismuchtoodifficulttolearnEnglishwell.?

[誤]Itislateenoughthatwecangohomenow.?

[正]Itislateenoughforustogohomenow.?

[析]要注意的是enough后面一般不接從句而接不定式,或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):forsomebodytodosomething。?

[誤]Thetwinsareveryalike.?

[正]Thetwinsaremuchalike.?

[析]用a為首字母的形容詞不能用very修飾,一般要用much來修飾。?

[誤]-Howlongdoeshewritetohisparents??

-Onceaweek.?

[正]-Howoftendoeshewritetohisparents??

-Onceaweek.?

[析]英文與中文表達(dá)法不同,隔多長時(shí)間辦一次某事,實(shí)際上問的是該事發(fā)生的頻率,所以要用howoften。?

[誤]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Illcallupyou.?

[正]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Illcallyouup.?

[析]當(dāng)動(dòng)詞詞組的賓語是人稱代詞時(shí)則一定要放于動(dòng)詞之后,如果是名詞則可以放在詞組其后。?如:IwanttowatchTV.PleaseturnontheTV.也可以講:PleaseturntheTVon.?

[誤]Hedrovequicklyhisnewcar.?

[正]Hedrovehisnewcarquickly.?

[析]副詞在句中的位置很活,但主要有以下幾種用法:①實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前,如:Hequicklygivemetheanswer.②在be動(dòng)詞之后,如:Thelittleboyisoftenlateforclass.③第一助動(dòng)詞之后,如:Thisbookhasalmostbeenfinished.④在單獨(dú)使用的be動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之前,如:Canyouhelpmethisafternoon??Icertainlycan.?但是無論如何也不能將副詞置于動(dòng)詞與賓語之間,如果是賓語從句或是很長的名詞

詞組作賓語則才可以這樣用:?

Heheardclearlywhattheteachersaid.?

[誤]Thechildrencamelateyesterdaytothecinema.?

[正]Thechildrencamelatetothecinemayesterday.?

[析]表示一定長度的時(shí)間的副詞不應(yīng)放于句中,可放于句尾。如果表示強(qiáng)調(diào)則可放于句首。

[誤]Youhavefewnewbooks,haventyou??

[正]youhavefewnewbooks,haveyou??

[析]英語中的數(shù)量形容詞有兩組。修飾可數(shù)名詞的有few(很少,幾乎沒有),afew(有一些,幾個(gè));修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle(很少,幾乎沒有),alittle(有一點(diǎn),有一些)。要注意的是當(dāng)few和little用于句中時(shí)應(yīng)看作否定句,而afew和alittle用于句中時(shí)則應(yīng)看作是肯定句。

[誤]Hespentquitelittlemoneyonhisfood.?

[正]Hespentquitealittlemoneyonhisfood.?

[析]quitea為一固定用法,其意為"十分,相當(dāng),所以"。quiteafew=many,quitealittle=much而onlyalittle=little,onlyafew=few.?

[誤]Doyouwanttohavemanybread??

[正]Doyouwanttohavesomebread??

[析]some與any都可以用作形容詞、副詞或代詞,在一般情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于疑問句和否定句,但在希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí),應(yīng)用some。其次是some可以用來修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。?

[誤]Pleasetellmewheretheshoesshopis??

[正]Pleasetellmewheretheshoeshopis.?

[析]在用名詞作修飾詞來修飾另一名詞時(shí),這個(gè)作修飾詞的名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,如:?

ashoeshop鞋店

afruitshop水果店

abookshop書店?

apostoffice郵局

apolicestation警察局

abusstop汽車站?

[誤]Heisweakatphysics.?

[正]Heisweakinphysics.?

[析]在表達(dá)擅長于作某事時(shí)用begoodatsomething,而其反意詞為bebadatsomething,但beweakinsomething。?

[誤]Thisdictionaryisworthtobuy.?

[正]Thisdictionaryisworthbuying.?

[析]beworth后可接動(dòng)、名詞表達(dá)值得作某事,又可接價(jià)格、金錢表示值多少錢。?

[誤]Dontafraidofthat.?

[正]Dontbeafraidofthat.?

[析]afraid在英文中是形容詞而不是動(dòng)詞。這樣的詞組還有:?

beafraidof害怕becarefulof小心?

becertainof有把握,確定besureof確信?

begladof高興besickof厭惡?

befondof喜歡?

[誤]Theworkhasalreadybeendonewell.?

[正]Theworkhasalreadybeenwelldone.?

[析]well與badly作副詞時(shí),表示好壞,如果句子是被動(dòng)語態(tài),則應(yīng)放在過去分詞之前,如:Thismachinehasbeenbadlydamaged.如果句子是主動(dòng)語態(tài),則應(yīng)放于句末,如:Ididmyhomeworkwell.?

[誤]Weareyetintheclassroomnow.?

[正]Wearealreadyintheclassroomnow.?

[析]already主要用于肯定句,而yet多用于否定句和疑問句中,如:

Didyoufinishit?No.notyet.?

[誤]Look.Herecomeshe!?

[正]Look!Herehecomes!?

[誤]Look!Herethebuscomes!?

[正]Look!Herecomesthebus!?

[析]在句子開頭用Here時(shí),如主語是人稱代詞則不要用倒裝語序,如果主語是名詞則要用倒裝語序。?

[誤]Sheismyoldersister.?

[正]Sheismyeldersister.?

[析]elder和eldest是用來指家庭中兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系,而older,oldest則是指歲數(shù)大多少,如:SheisthreeyearsolderthanI.?

[誤]Imtired.Icantgofurther.?

[正]Imtired.Icantgofarther.?

[析]far有兩個(gè)比較級(jí)farther較遠(yuǎn)的,further進(jìn)一步的,如:Doyouneedanyfurtherexplanation?你需要進(jìn)一步的解釋嗎?當(dāng)然它也有兩個(gè)最高級(jí)。farthest和furthest.?

[誤]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsbefore.?

[正]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsago.?

[析]ago常與過去時(shí)連用,而before則多與完成時(shí)連用。?

[誤]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??

-No,notalready.?

[正]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??

-No,notyet.?

[析]仍然有三個(gè)英文字可以表達(dá)它們是already,yet與still。要注意的是already經(jīng)常用于肯定句中,如Thebushasalreadygone。而yet多用于疑問句和否定句中,如:Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?而still則常用于主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間,如:Westillcantdecidewhattodo.但也有時(shí)用于be動(dòng)詞之后,如:Heisstillhere.?

[誤]HeisveryhigherthanIam.?

[正]HeismuchhigherthanIam.?

[析]much可以用來修飾比較級(jí),而very則用來修飾形容詞原級(jí),如:Imverytired.

[誤]-CanIwalktothestation??-Youdbetternot.Itisveryfar.?

[正]-CanIwalktothestation??

-Youdbetternot,Itisalongway.?

[析]for一般用在疑問句與否定句中,如:Howfarisitfromheretothestation?又如:Itisntfar.?

[誤]IveeverbeentoAmerica.?

[正]IvebeentoAmericaonce.?

[析]once多用于肯定句,而ever則用于疑問句,否定句,及條件狀語從句中,如:HaveyoueverbeentoLondon??

[誤]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??

-No,Iamnotafraidso.?

[正]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??

-No,Imafraidnot.?

[析]在肯定的答語中我們可以用so來代替上句所講的事件,如:Doyouthinksheisagoodstudent?YesIthinkso,/Ihopeso,/Ibelieveso/Imafraidso.但在否定的答語中,英語口語的習(xí)慣用法則有所不同,如,Idontthinkso而在hope,belive與afraid后則常用not,如:Ihopenot.?

[誤]Shedidntworkenoughhard,soshecouldntpasstheexam.?

[正]Shedidntworkhardenough,soshecouldntpasstheexam.?

[析]enough可以作名詞用,如:EnoughhasbeensaidforhowtolearnEnglishwell.(對(duì)于如何學(xué)好英語已經(jīng)講的足夠多了。)?另外它可以作為形容詞,如:Ihaveenoughmoney(ormoneyenough)tobuythisdictionary.注意enough作為形容詞時(shí)即可放于名詞前又可放于名詞后,在初中范圍的考題中多用于名詞之前。如果enough作為副詞用,那么它一定要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。?

[誤]Youcantbeverycareful.?

[正]Youcantbetoocareful.?

[析]此句話的含意是你如何小心也不過分。too…to的用法是"太……以至于不能作某事"。但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用時(shí)也常常將后面的to省去,如:Itistooexpensiveforme.那對(duì)我來講是太貴了。?

[誤]Heisgoodpastfifty.?

[正]Heiswellpastfifty.?

[析]well作為副詞用時(shí)除用于"好"之外還有"大大地、遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地",等意。往往有人對(duì)下面兩句的對(duì)或錯(cuò)有爭議;?

Heiswell.?

Heisgood.?

其實(shí)這兩句都是正確的表達(dá)法,只不過其含意不同。Heiswell是"他身體不錯(cuò)",而Heisgood則為"他是個(gè)好人"。?

[誤]Sheisnotashalfcleverasherbrother.?

[正]Sheisnothalfascleverasherbrother.?

[析]在as…as結(jié)構(gòu)中要將修飾形容詞的數(shù)量詞倍數(shù)及nearly,almost,exactly…等置?于第一?個(gè)as之前。?

[誤]HeissameageasTom.?

[正]HeisthesameageasTom.?

[析]thesame…as是固定的用法,其中定冠詞the是不可省也不能換成別的詞的。?

[誤]Motherandherdaughterareexactlylike.?

[正]Motherandherdaughterareexactlyalike.?

*like作為介詞,其意為"像",應(yīng)用于looklike,belike,soundlike,其后要加賓語。而?alike?是形容詞,或副詞,如:YouandIthinkalike.Thetwinsaredressedalike。但alike僅作表語而不能用于名詞前作定語。?

[誤]Whoistallerofthetwo??

[正]Whoisthetallerofthetwo??

[析]兩者的比較級(jí)之前要加定冠詞。?

[誤]IhavelessbooksthanTom.?

[正]IhavefewerbooksthanTom.?

[析]less是little的比較級(jí),而fewer是few的比較級(jí)。less后應(yīng)加不可數(shù)名詞而fewer后是可數(shù)名詞。?

[誤]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.TheclevererisMary.?

[正]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.ThecleverestisMary.?

[析]在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級(jí),在三者之間或三者以上的范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用最高級(jí)。?

[誤]Theboysatthereasquietashissister.?

[正]Theboysatthereasquietlyashissister.?

[析]as…as的用法要注意的是:①在其中間應(yīng)加形容詞或副詞的原級(jí),而不可加比較級(jí),也有的語法書中稱為同級(jí)比較。②要根據(jù)句意決定是加形容詞還是副詞,這要看它具體是修飾動(dòng)詞還是名詞而定,如:Heisasgoodashisfriend.?

[誤]Theharderyoustudy,andyoucanlearnmore.?

[正]Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn.?

[析]英文中如果要表達(dá)越來越怎樣,在初中范圍有兩種表達(dá)法:①比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)。②定冠詞+比較級(jí)……,如:Thenightsaregettinglongerandlonger。要注意的是多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)前要加more,這樣的用法是:moreandmore加形容詞,如:Thegirlisgrowingmoreandmorebeautiful.?

[誤]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingastolearnEnglish.?

[正]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingaslearningEnglish.?

[析]在作比較時(shí),英語一般要求對(duì)比的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致。如用動(dòng)名詞,應(yīng)都用動(dòng)名詞,用不定式時(shí)則都用不定式。但有時(shí)在后一個(gè)不定式前的符號(hào)to可以省略。如:Torepairtheoldoneisasmuchexpensiveas(to)buyanewone.?

[誤]Thegirlismoreclevererthantheboy.?

[正]Thegirlismuchmoreclever(muchcleverer)thantheboy.?

[析]clever有兩個(gè)比較級(jí):cleverer和moreclever,要注意的是不能用比較級(jí)來修飾比較級(jí)。?clever的兩個(gè)比較級(jí)也各有不同之處,如用在兩種不同性質(zhì)的比較時(shí)多用moreclever,如:Heismorecleverthanhonest.(他的聰明要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過其誠實(shí)。)?

[析]Theboyisthetallesttothethree.?

[正]Theboyisthetallestofthethree.?

[析]最高級(jí)的范圍要用of加復(fù)數(shù)形式或加集合名詞。?

[誤]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionary.?

[正]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionaries.?

[析]在oneof后面最高級(jí)形容詞后要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。?

[誤]ThisdictionaryisthemuchbestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.

[正]ThisdictionaryismuchthebestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.

[析]在修飾最高級(jí)時(shí)應(yīng)用far/byfar/much加the加最高級(jí)。但very例外,如:Heistheverybestplayerintheteam.?

[誤]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercitiesinChina.?

[正]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.?

[析]在比較級(jí)中表示比較對(duì)象時(shí)如用anyother其后一般要加單數(shù)名詞。?

[誤]MostofstoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?

[正]MostofthestoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?

[正]MoststoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?

[析]"大多數(shù)"一詞的表達(dá)法有mostofthe+名詞,或most+名詞。當(dāng)用前一種結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),其后面的定冠詞不可少。?

[誤]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthisroom.?

[正]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthatofthisroom.?

[析]比較級(jí)用于兩句話之間時(shí),比較的部分不可省略掉,但為了避免重復(fù),一般都要用that代替前面的單數(shù)名詞,而用those代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:Thebooksinthatboxarebiggerthanthoseinthisbox。?

[誤]Heisnomorehere.Maybeheisathome.?

[正]Heisnolongerhere.Maybeheisathome.?

[析]nomore在現(xiàn)代英語中多譯為:"從此再也不會(huì)了",如:Hisvoiceisnomorehere.他已經(jīng)去世了,他的聲音不可能再出現(xiàn)了。而用nolonger表達(dá)目前的狀態(tài)。要注意下面幾組句子的實(shí)際含意:?Thisroomisnocleanerthanthatone.即兩間屋子都不干凈。(兩者都不干凈)Thisroomisnotcleanerthanthatone,即這屋子不如那間干凈。(前者不如后者干凈。即一間干凈,一間不干凈。)?

(三)例題解析?

1?IthinkChineseis___thanmaths.?

A.interestingB?moreinteresting?

C.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting?

[答案]B.?

[析]在有than作比較的句子中應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。?

2?-WhatdoesLucylikebetter,singingordancing??

-Singing.ofcourse.Shesknownto___it.?

A.begoodatB.begoodfor

C.bebadatD.bebadfor?

[答案]A.?

[析]begoodat為固定搭配,意為"擅長作某事"。初中英語中有些這樣的固定用法應(yīng)記牢,而不能似是而非。如:?begoodat,bebadat,bepoorin,beweekin,befitfor?

3?TheHuangHeRiverisoneof___inChina.?

A.ThelongriverB.thelongestriver?

C.thelongestriversD.thelongerriver?

[答案]C.?

[析]在oneof+定冠詞+最高級(jí)之后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。?

4?Thegirlwas___afraid___shethrewherbagaway.?

A.so,thatB.too,toC.too,thatD.enough,to?

[答案]A.?

[析]so…that為"如此怎樣以至于如何",此句意思是:小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。而too…to的意思為"如何如何,以至于不能作某事"。但to的后面是動(dòng)詞原形,而不是從句。?

5?Itwas___yesterdaythantoday.?

A.hotB.hoter

C.hotterD.thehottest?

[答案]C.?

[析]用than表達(dá)比較的句中應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。?

6?Whichsubjectdoyoulike___,EnglishChineseormaths??

A.bestB.well

C.betterD.good?

[答案]A.?

[析]在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級(jí),而在三者之間或三者以上用最高級(jí)。?

7?Noneofthestudentswatchedit___.?

A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefully

C.carefullyenoughD.enoughcareful?

[答案]C.?

[析]首先應(yīng)判定是選用用來修飾名詞的形容詞還是用來修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞。這里是修飾watch這一動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)選用副詞。當(dāng)enough用來修飾副詞或形容詞時(shí)應(yīng)放于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。?

8?___sheeats,___shellbe.?

A.More…fatB.Themore…fatter?

C.More…thefatterD.Themore…thefatter?

[答案]D.?

[析]the+比較級(jí)表示"越來越……"本句應(yīng)譯為:她吃得越多,她就會(huì)越胖。?

9?IdontthinkEnglishis___Chinese.?

A.asimportantasB.notimportantas?

C.notsoimportantD.importantas?

[答案]A.?

[析]think+賓語從句時(shí),應(yīng)采用否定主句的形式,如:中文講,"我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)",英文應(yīng)為:"我不認(rèn)為你對(duì)"。Idontthinkyouareright.所以不能選答案B。而C、D均為不正確的表達(dá)法。?

10?MissGaoisagoodEnglishteacher.Thestudentsinherclass___English.?A.areinterestedinB.areinterestingin?

C.areinterestedatD.areinterestingto?

[答案]A.?

[析]過去分詞常用來修飾人,而現(xiàn)在分詞常用來修飾物,如:aninterestingbook,實(shí)際上過去分詞含有被動(dòng)之意,如:interested其含意是"被……所吸引,感動(dòng)"。而interesting則為"使人感興趣的",如:aninterestingman一個(gè)有趣、風(fēng)趣的人。?

11?Thetwinsaretogethermostofthetime.Sotheyneverfeel___.?

A.aloneB.lonely

C.happilyD.friendly?

[答案]B.?

[析]alone意為"獨(dú)自的,一個(gè)人的",它只能作表語不能作定語。Iamnotaloneindoingsuchathing.而lonely意為"寂寞的,孤單的",如:Theoldmanfeltlonely.要體會(huì)兩個(gè)詞的區(qū)別,如:Theoldmanlivedalone,buthedidntfeellonely.?

12?Whata___cough!Youseem___ill.?

A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terrible?

C.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly?

[答案]A.?

[析]terrible是形容詞,而terribly是副詞,第一個(gè)空是修飾名詞的,所以應(yīng)填入形容詞。第二個(gè)空ill是形容詞,這里terribly是用來修飾ill的。?

13?Thetwofriendswere___pleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgoteverything.?A.soB.too

C.veryD.much?

[答案]A.?

[析]這里用的是so…that的固定搭配。?

14?Whichis___,LiLeisboxorHanMeimeisbox??

A.heavyB.heavier

C.moreheavierD.theheaviest?

[答案]B.?

[析]兩者之間用比較級(jí),三者或以上用最高級(jí)。?

15?YoudontlikethesamecoloursandIdontlikethem,___.?

A.tooB.also

C.eitherD.neither?

[答案]C.?

[析]在否定句中也應(yīng)用either,而不要用too,因too用于肯定句中。?

16?Jimis___atallhislessons.AndImsurehelldovery___intheexams.?

A.well,goodB.good,well

C.well,wellD.good,good?

[答案]B.?

[析]good為形容詞,如:Heisgood.他是個(gè)好人。而well作為身體狀況的好壞講時(shí)是形容詞,如:Heiswell為他身體不錯(cuò),而作為其他意思時(shí)為副詞,如:HespeaksEnglishwell.?

17?Youlook___thanbefore,why??

A.morethinB.morethinner

C.muchmorethinD.muchthinner?

[答案]D.?

[析]多音節(jié)形容詞才用more或most加形容詞來表示其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí),而thin的比較級(jí)為thinner。?

18?Letsgooutforsuppernow.Imvery___.?

A.hungryB.angry

C.tiredD.thirsty?

[答案]A.?

[析]hungry-餓,angry-生氣,tired-緊,疲勞,thirsty-口渴。要注意名詞的詞義。?

19?-Canyouunderstandme??

-Sorry,Ican___understandyou.?

A.hardlyB.almost

C.evenD.ever?

[答案]A.?

[析]hardly為一否定詞,用在句中時(shí)應(yīng)被看作是否定句。在答語中Sorry決定了其意為"聽不明白",所以只能選hardly。?

20?"___doyouwritetoyourpenfriend?"?

"Abouttwiceamonth."?

A.HowoftenB.Howsoon

C.HowmuchD.Howlong?

[答案]A.?

[析]howoften用來提問某一動(dòng)作經(jīng)多久就要發(fā)生一次,也就是提問發(fā)生的頻率。howsoon是問從現(xiàn)在起還有多久。?

21?ChangjiangRiveris___riverinChina??

A.longB.longer

C.longestD.thelongest?

[答案]D.?

22?Illwork___Ican.?

A.sohardlyasB.sohardas

C.ashardlyasD.ashardas?

[答案]D.?

[析]hard可用作形容詞和副詞,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood?又如:Itisraininghard。而hardly是副詞,其詞義是"幾乎不",如:HardlydidIsleeplastnight.我昨晚幾乎沒有睡覺。而且hardly用于句首時(shí)要采用倒裝語序。as…as即可以用于肯定句,也可以用于否定句,但so…as則只能用于否定句中。?

23?Itisvery___tolistentohim.?

A.interestedB.interesting

C.interestedinD.interest?

[答案]B.?

[析]interest作為名詞有兩個(gè)詞義,①興趣,②銀行中所講的利息。而其形容詞interesting是"使人感興趣的",而interested是"感興趣的"如:HeisinterestedinEnglish.?

24?Thingsare___worsethanIthought.?

A.moreB.few

C.veryD.much?

[答案]D.?

[析]只有much可以修飾比較級(jí)。?

25?Itisoneoclock,butherfatherhasntcomeback___.?

A.alreadyB.still

C.tooD.yet?

[答案]D.?

[析]完成時(shí)的否定句尾要用yet,而already則用于肯定句。?

26?ComradeChenis___olderthanI.?

A.veryB.more

C.muchD.quite?

[答案]C.?

[析]只有much可以修飾比較級(jí)。可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞還有much,far,evenalittle,byfar等。?

27?Shedidherhomework___.?

A.carefullyB.careful

C.careD.careless?

[答案]A.?

[析]這里應(yīng)填入副詞,而careless是由care加less后輟得來的,less意為"沒有",是否定之意,如:careless-不小心,homeless-無家可歸。而carefully為副詞。?

28?TheycantanswerthequestioninJapanese;wecantanswerit,___.?A.alsoB.too

C.eitherD.neither?

[答案]C.?

29?-Howareyourparents??

-Theyarevery___,thankyou.?

A.goodB.kind

C.wellD.happy?

[答案]C.?

[析]由問句得知其詢問的是身體如何,所以well作為身體狀況不錯(cuò)時(shí)應(yīng)視為形容詞。?30?Peterruns___inourclass.?

A.thefastB.faster

C.fastestD.mostfast?

[答案]C.?

[析]副詞的最高級(jí)前可以加定冠詞,也可以不加定冠詞。?

31?Wewereall___gladthatwesanganddanced.?

A.suchB.so

C.veryD.quite?

[答案]B.?

[析]在so與that之間只有形容詞時(shí)不可用such。?

32?Katesings___Joan.?

A.aswellasB.asgoodas

C.sogoodasD.asbetteras?

[答案]A.?

[析]這里well為副詞,意為"唱得好"。?

33?Thiseggsmells___,thoughitlooksallright.?

A.goodB.well

C.badD?badly?

[答案]C.?

[析]smell為系動(dòng)詞,其后應(yīng)加形容詞,而不是副詞。同樣的詞,還有sound,feel,seem、become(變成)等等,如:Icefeelscoldinwinter.?

34?Waitaminute,Ihave___totellyou.?

A.somethinginterestedB.somethinginteresting?

C.interestingsomethingD.anythinginteresting?

[答案]B.?

[析]修飾不定代詞的修飾詞要放在不定代詞之后。?

35?Ishallvisityou___nextyear.?

A.sometimesB.sometime

C.sometimeD.sometimes?

[答案]B.?

[析]sometimes有時(shí),sometime某一時(shí)刻,sometime一段時(shí)間,sometimes若干次?

36?Mysistersaidshewouldtrytospeak___Englisheveryday.?

A.alittleB.afew

C.litttleD.few?

[答案]A.?

[析]little修飾不可數(shù)名詞,而alittle意為"一些,一點(diǎn)"。?

37?Ihave___friendshereandIoftenvisitthem.?

A.fewB.little

C.afewD.alittle?

[答案]C.?

[析]afew意為"有些",few后面要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。?

38?Ofallthesebooks,doyouthink,whichoneis___??

A.interestingB.muchinteresting?

C.moreinterestingD.themostinteresting?

[答案]D.?

[析]Ofallthesebooks是用來表示最高級(jí)的范圍

-

2010年中考英語單詞分類復(fù)習(xí)策略3

2010年中考英語單詞分類復(fù)習(xí)策略3

三、代詞?

(一)知識(shí)概要

英語中代詞可以分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞。?人稱代詞主要有主格和賓格之別。請(qǐng)看下表

人稱我你他她它我們你們他們

主格iyouhesheitweyouthey

賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem

物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。請(qǐng)看下表?

人稱我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的

形容詞性myyourhisheritsoursyourthey

名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs

反身代詞可見下表

人稱我你他她它我們你們他們

反身代詞myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselfthemselves

指示代詞主要有this,that,these,those

疑問代詞有:who,whomwhose,what,which,

還有疑問副詞when,how,where,why。

不定代詞在初中課本中主要有some,any,many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either…

(二)正誤辨析

[誤]Tomsmotheristallerthanmy.

[正]Tomsmotheristallerthanmine.

[析]形容詞性物主代詞可以作定語,也就是講它可以作形容詞,如:mybook,而這句話的意思是:湯姆的媽媽比我的媽媽高。比較的對(duì)象是mymother,也就是mine。

[誤]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishthem.

[正]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishit.

[析]在應(yīng)用代詞時(shí),要注意人稱,格與數(shù)的一致性。這里it所代替的是不可數(shù)名詞homework,所以應(yīng)用it。

[誤]Heandyoushouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.

[正]Youandheshouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.

[析]這主要是英語習(xí)慣上的用法。當(dāng)兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列時(shí)其排列順序一般為you,he,she,I,而復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)為we,you,they:如男女并列時(shí),應(yīng)先男后女,如:Heandshe…如果在表示不好意思,承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí),單數(shù)時(shí)用,I,he,she,you,復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用They,you,we,如:TomandIaregoodfriends.

You,heandImustgotoplaythegameforourteamthisafternoon.

We,youandtheyhavebeentherebefore.

I,heandyouhavetopayforit.

[誤]Heorhisbrotherisdoingtheirhomework.

[正]Heorhisbrotherisdoinghishomework.

[析]由either…or,neither…nor,or連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),如果兩主語是單數(shù)時(shí),用單數(shù)代詞,如兩主語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),用復(fù)數(shù)代詞,如:Eitherteachersorstudentswanttodotheirbesttohelptheoldman.如是一單一復(fù)兩名詞時(shí),一般將單數(shù)名詞放在前,復(fù)數(shù)名詞放在后,要用復(fù)數(shù)代詞,如:Theteacherorhisstudentswillcleantheirclassroomtogether.

[誤]Hisbrotheristallerthanhim.

[正]Hisbrotheristallerthanhe.

[析]than是連詞,其后應(yīng)視為省略句,thanheis.所以要注意區(qū)分其主格與賓格的用法。

Ilikeyouasmuchasshe.

[正]Ilikeyouasmuchasher.

[析]as…as其后也應(yīng)看作是省略句。應(yīng)為asIlikeher.所以應(yīng)用賓格。而第一句應(yīng)譯為我像她那樣喜歡你。兩句語法都是對(duì)的但含義不同。

[誤]Myselfdidityesterday.

[正]Imyselfdidityesterday.

[正]Ididitmyselfyesterday.

[析]反身代詞不可作主語,但可以用作主語的同位語。?

[誤]Takecareofourselves.

[正]Takecareofyourselves.(yourself)

[析]祈始句的主語應(yīng)看作第二人稱you.

[誤]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyourself.

[正]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyou.

[析]反身代詞不能作介詞賓語,除非是由不及物動(dòng)詞與介詞組成的動(dòng)詞短語,如:Theoldwomanspoketoherself.

[誤]Makeyourselfhome.

[正]Makeyourselfathome.

[析]這是英語中的習(xí)慣用法,意為"像在家里一樣"。這樣的用法還有:?

enjoyoneself玩得開心makeyourselfathome像在家中一樣

helpyourselftosomething自己拿某物lostoneself迷路

seatoneself就坐dressoneself穿衣

[誤]-Whosthisspeaking.-ThatsMary.

[正]-Whosthatspeaking.-ThisisMary.

[析]在電話用語中,this指講話人自己,而that指對(duì)方。

[誤]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthisinwinter.

[正]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.

[析]在比較句中往往為了避免重復(fù),可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物,如是單數(shù)時(shí)用that,復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用those,如:TheweatherinBeijingishotterthanthatinChangChun.

[誤]Itissoagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.

[正]Itissuchagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.

[正]Itissogoodabookthateveryonelikestoread.

[析]在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)可用so+形容詞+不定冠詞+名詞+that從句,也可用such+不定冠詞+形容詞+that從句。在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),只用such,如:ItissuchgoodweatherthatIwanttogoswimming.TheyaresuchgoodbooksthatIwanttobuythemall.在many,much,few,little這4個(gè)詞前僅能用so,如:Shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyeverythingshewants.而在so與that之間僅存形容詞時(shí),則不能用such,如:Sheissosweetthateveryonelikesher.

[誤]Iwanttobuyasamedictionaryasyours.

[正]Iwanttobuythesamedictionaryasyours.

[析]same與定冠詞the是固定搭配不可更改。這樣的用法還有allthesame(仍然)。

[誤]-Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.-Idonthopeso.

[正]-Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.-Ihopenot.

[析]在作肯定回答時(shí),Ithinkso.Ihopeso.Ibelieveso.但作否定回答時(shí)為:Idontthinkso.Ihope/believenot.

[誤]-Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.-Soshedid.

[正]-Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.-Sodidshe.

[誤]-Englishisdifficulttolearn.-Soisit.

[正]-Englishisdifficulttolearn.-Soitis.

[析]在對(duì)話中如果某一動(dòng)作同時(shí)適用于兩個(gè)主語,這時(shí)在答語中要用縮寫且要用倒裝句。如第一組句,即studiedhard既適用于he,也適用于she.但答語僅僅是對(duì)前句的重復(fù),即僅僅是第一句的縮寫時(shí)則不要用倒裝句。如第二組句子為:英語難學(xué)。答語為:是的,難學(xué)。這時(shí)縮寫的答語不要用倒裝句。

[誤]Everyoneshoulddoonesbest.

[正]Everyoneshoulddohisbest.

[析]one作代詞時(shí),它的復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones,所有格形式是ones,反身代詞為oneself.如果講Oneshoulddoonesbest.則是對(duì)句。如果one與別的詞組成其他詞,如:someone,anyone,everyone或onlyone則要用his/her,來作其所有格形式。

[誤]-Whowonthegame?-None.

[正]-Whowonthegame?-Noone.

[析]由who提問的句子的否定回答中的簡略說法是noone,而由Howmany提問的句子的否定回答中的簡略語是None.如:Howmanybooksarethere?None.

[誤]Therearemanytreesoneithersidesofthestreet.

[正]Therearemanytreesoneithersideofthestreet.

[正]Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.

[析]either作代詞時(shí)由兩個(gè)含意,其一是兩者中隨便哪一個(gè),如:Youcantakeeither.其二是兩者中的每一個(gè)。但要注意的是either后要加單數(shù)名詞,如果作主語則謂語動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式。

[誤]EitheryouorIareright.

[正]EitheryouorIamright.

[析]在either…or,或neither…nor連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要與和其相近的那個(gè)主語相配。

[誤]Ihavethreesisters.Neitherofthemisadoctor.

[正]Ihavethreesisters.Noneofthemisadoctor.

[析]neither用于兩者中無一是,而none則用于多于兩者中的人或事物無一是。

[誤]HedoesntlikeBeijingopera.Idontliketoo.

[正]HedoesntlikeBeijingopera,Idontlikeeither.

[析]either作為"也"講時(shí),要用于否定句中,而too則用于肯定句中。

[誤]Welikeboththislittleboy.

[正]Webothlikethislittleboy.

[析]both作同位語時(shí),它在句中的位置有:在be動(dòng)詞之后,如:Wearebothstudents.在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前,如:Theparentsbothwanttogotothecinema.用于第一助動(dòng)詞之后,如:WehavebothreadtheseEnglishnovels.使用時(shí)要注意以下句子的實(shí)際含意:Bothofusarenotright.應(yīng)譯為:我們倆不都對(duì)。Neitherofusisright.才應(yīng)譯為:我倆都不對(duì)。又如:Icantgiveyoubothofthebooks.意為:兩本書我不能全給你,而Icantgiveyoueitherofthebooks.才為:兩本書我全不能給你。

[誤]Weeachhasaticketfortheconcert.

[正]Weeachhaveaticketfortheconcert.

[析]each作句子主語時(shí)其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式,如:EachofuswantstolearnEnglishwell,但each作同位語時(shí),則應(yīng)以原名詞的數(shù)為準(zhǔn)。

[誤]Everyofushastopasstheexam.

[正]Eachofushastopasstheexam.

[析]every只可作形容詞,不可作代詞,而each既可作形容詞,又可作代詞,在作形容詞時(shí)each側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,而every則側(cè)重于全體。

[誤]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.

[正]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.

[析]everyone不可與of結(jié)構(gòu)相連接使用,而everyone則可以這樣用。

[誤]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.

[正]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.

[析]要注意的是everyday是"每天",而everyday則是形容詞為"日常的"。如:everydayEnglish日常英語,everydaylife日常生活。

[誤]Therearetreesoneverysidesofthestreet.

[正]Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.

[析]every用于三者或三者以上的每一個(gè),而each用于二者或二者以上的每一個(gè)。因?yàn)榻值乐挥袃蓚?cè),所以只能用each而不能用every.

[誤]Allmyparentsareengineers.

[正]Bothmyparentsareengineers.

[析]all用于三者或三者以上的全部,而both則用于兩者的全部。

[誤]Allofstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.

[正]Allofthestudentsmightmakesomemistakes.

[正]Allstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.

[析]非特指的名詞前可用all但不可用allof結(jié)構(gòu),也就是講allof結(jié)構(gòu)后面的名詞前一定要有定冠詞。其他與all有關(guān)的習(xí)慣用法還有:

alltheyearround,allweek,allday,allwinter

[誤]Theallvillagewasflooded.

[正]Allthevillagewasflooded.

[析]all作修飾語時(shí)要用在所有修飾詞之前。

[誤]Thepostofficeisonothersideofthestreet.

[正]Thepostofficeisontheothersideofthestreet.

[析]單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞如在泛指某一個(gè)時(shí)用another,而特指時(shí)則要用theother,因街道只有兩邊,而不在這邊必定是在另一邊,所以要用特指。請(qǐng)參考下表的用法以便于記憶。

單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)

泛指another形容詞作定語作名詞

another代詞otherothers

特指theother形容詞

theother代詞

theothertheothers

[誤]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheothersstudents?

[正]Therearetenstudentshere.Wherearetheothers?

[正]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheotherstudents?

[析]theothers=theotherstudents.

[誤]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,anotherisadoctor.

[正]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.

[析]another用于泛指,如:Isitfarfromheretothestation?Imsorry.Ihavenoidea.Onemaysayitisquitenear;anothermaysayitisfarfromhere.但在特指時(shí)則要用theother.它可以用作定語,theotherone,也可以用作代詞theother,但theother用作代詞時(shí)它的含意一定是單數(shù)。如果指三者或者三者以上的情況時(shí),則要用one…another…theother.或者one…asecond…thethird…

[誤]Somepeoplelikesports.Theotherslikereading.

[正]Somepeoplelikesports.Otherslikereading.

[析]在泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前用some…others…others…來表示某些人……某些人……某些人……。

[誤]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseachotherday.

[正]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseveryotherday.

[析]everyotherday為每隔一天。是習(xí)慣用法,不要隨意改動(dòng)。又如:ontheotherhand另一方面。

[誤]Manyknowhim,butfewlikeshim.

[正]Manyknowhim,butfewlikehim.

[析]few用于可數(shù)名詞,意為幾乎沒有,但few作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞則要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,而afew為有一些。

[誤]Youhavefewfriends,haventyou?

[正]Youhavefewfriends,haveyou?

[析]little與few用于句中時(shí),均要按否定句看待。

[誤]Muchofwhatyousaidaretrue.

[正]Muchofwhatyousaidistrue.

[析]much用于不可數(shù)名詞,作主語時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。而many用于可數(shù)名詞,它作主語時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。

[誤]Thisroomisenoughlargeforthestudentstolivein.

[正]Thisroomislargeenoughforthestudentstolivein.

[析]enough可以用作代詞,如:Thereisenoughofthefood.又如:Enoughhasbeendoneforthework,但enough還可以作形容詞來修飾名詞,這時(shí)enough可以放在名詞之前,也可放在名詞之后,如:moneyenough與enoughmoney都是對(duì)的。但當(dāng)enough作副詞修飾形容詞時(shí),則只能置于形容詞之后了。

[誤]Iwantanybookstoread.Doyouhaveany?

[正]Iwantsomebookstoread.Doyouhaveany?

[析]按照語法any用于疑問句和否定句,而some用于肯定句。

[誤]Wouldyoulikeanythingtodrink?

[正]Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?

[析]在由wouldyoulike發(fā)出的問句中,表達(dá)了說話者真心實(shí)意要為對(duì)方提供些飲料,或在說話者想得到對(duì)方的肯定答復(fù)時(shí),在疑問句中要用some而不用any。

[誤]Someonewanttomeetyou.

[正]Someonewantstomeetyou.

[析]不定代詞應(yīng)被看作單數(shù),即使用and連接兩個(gè)不定代詞,也要看作單數(shù),如:?Anyoneandeveryonehastheright.任何人,每一個(gè)人都有這樣的權(quán)力。

[誤]NewYorkismuchcolderinwinterthanbefore.

[正]ItismuchcolderinNewYorkinwinterthanbefore.

[析]it常常用在英文的句子中來代表時(shí)間、距離、天氣、自然現(xiàn)象,或用在句中作形式主語或賓語,如:

Itistenoclocknow.(代時(shí)間)

Itisfarfromheretotheairport.(代距離)

Itisveryhot.(代天氣)

ItisverydifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(作形式主語)

Wefounditverydifficulttoanswerthequestion.(作形式賓語)

[誤]Becareful.Dontdrinktoomany.

[正]Becareful.Dontdrinktoomuch.

[析]這里much所代的應(yīng)是飲料或水,所以應(yīng)為不可數(shù)名詞。

(三)例題解析

1Theseare___books.Yoursareoverthere.

AIBmyCmeDmine?

[答案]B.

[析]這里應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。?

2-___isshe?

-Sheisateacher.

AWhatBHowCWhoDWhere?

[答案]A.

[析]這里的四個(gè)疑問詞放在問句中全都成立,但其意義不同。Whatisshe?應(yīng)譯為"她的工作是什么?"或"她是做什么的?"而Howisshe?應(yīng)譯為"她身體如何?"而Whoisshe?應(yīng)譯為"她是誰?"其答語應(yīng)為"她叫什么名字。"而Whereisshe?應(yīng)為"她在什么地方?"由答語決定了這道題的選擇。

3___iswrongwithmywatch.Ithasstopped___.

ASomething,workingBSomething,towork

CAnything,workingDAnything,towork?

[答案]A.

[析]因?yàn)槭强隙ň渌詰?yīng)用Something,其后由于表停止工作了,則stop后要用動(dòng)名詞。

4Mary,help___tothebananas,please.

AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves?

[答案]C.

[析]helponeselftosomething為"自己拿某物"。yourself為"你一個(gè)人",而yourselves為"你們"。

5-___doyougotoschooleveryday?

-Bybus.

AHowBWhyCWhenDWhere?

[答案]A.

[析]這題的答案是由問句決定的。?

6Myskirtis___popularthan___.

Amuch,herBmuch,hersCmore,herDmore,hers?

[答案]D.

[析]因句中有than,所以應(yīng)選用比較級(jí),而than后要選用名詞性物主代詞。

7-CanyouspeakEnglish?

-Yes,butonly___.

AfewBafewClittleDalittle

[答案]D.

[析]因會(huì)講某種語言的多少要用alittle,把它看作不可數(shù)名詞對(duì)待,此答語為:是的,但僅僅會(huì)講一點(diǎn)。

8Mr.Smithisanoldfriendof___.

AIBmeCmyDmine?

[答案]D.

[析]這里應(yīng)選名詞性物主代詞,這也是英語的一種習(xí)慣用法,而不要選擇my。

9"___doyouhearfromyourparents?"

"Aboutonceamonth."

AHowlongBHowmany

CHowoftenDHowmuch?

[答案]C.

[析]Howoften問的是某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率,即在單位時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生多少次。

10MrGreenwouldntsay___atthemeeting.

AeverythingBnothingCanythingDsomething?

[答案]C.

[析]在否定句中應(yīng)用anything

11"Mum,Annscomingtonight.Letsgiveher___toeat."

"Goodidea!"

AanythingniceBniceanything

CsomethingniceDnicesomething?

[答案]C.

[析]肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代詞的修飾詞應(yīng)放其后而不要放在其前面。

12-Whenshallwemeet,thiseveningortomorrowevening?

-Idontmind.___timeisOK.

ASomeBNeitherCEitherDBoth?

[答案]C.

[析]因如選用both則名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)名詞,也要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞,由于答語前有Idontmind則決定不能選擇neither.

13Thisisnotherkite,but___.

AhesBhimCheDhis?

[答案]D.

[析]要注意"他的"名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞是同形的。?

14Dontworry,Mum!___newsisgoodnews.Imsuredaddywillcomebacksoon.

ANoBManyCThoseDTwo

?[答案]A.

[析]這是一條諺語,即沒有消息就是好消息。?

15Maryhassixapples.Herbrotherhasthree.Shehas___applesthanhe.

AfewBmanyCmoreDfewer?

[答案]C.

[析]由于是比較級(jí),根據(jù)題意應(yīng)選"多于"而不是"少于"。?

16Thereisnt___intodaysnewspaper.

Aanythinginteresting

Bsomethinginteresting

Cnothinginteresting

Dinterestinganything

[答案]A.

[析]由于句子是否定句,應(yīng)選擇anything,而且不定代詞的修飾語應(yīng)放在其后面。

17September10this___Day?

ATeacherBTeachersCTeachersDTeachers

[答案]D.

[析]教師節(jié)TeachersDay,兒童節(jié)ChildrensDay,婦女節(jié)WomensDay

18-InEngland,peopleeatalotof"takeaway"food.Whataboutpeopleinyourcountry?

-___

ASowedo.BWedoso.CSodowe.DWesodo.?

[答案]C.

[析]在答語中用簡略方式表達(dá)上文的一個(gè)動(dòng)作同樣適用于另一個(gè)主語時(shí),則要采用倒裝句,但如果僅僅是對(duì)上句的重復(fù)則不要倒裝。?

19-Shallwegointothatshopandhavealook?

-Sorry.Iwont.Ihave___todothere.

AeverythingBanythingCsomethingDnothing?

[答案]D.

[析]這個(gè)答案的選擇應(yīng)由上下兩句對(duì)話內(nèi)容作出決定。?

20-Oh,dear!Whobroketheglass?

-___Sam___Bruce.Itwasthecat.

ABoth,andBNot,butCNeither,norDEither,or?

[答案]C.

[析]neither…nor意為既不……也不……

21Thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.Somearedrawingbythelake.___areclimbingthehill.

AOthersBOtherCAnotherDTheother

?

[答案]A.

[析]這里因?yàn)槭谴鎻?fù)數(shù)名詞,所以應(yīng)用名詞性的復(fù)數(shù)代名詞。?

22Sheisnotanurse.Imnot___.

AalsoBeitherCneitherDtoo?

[答案]B.

[析]在否定句中該用either,而不用too和also.

23Ihavetwopencils.Oneisred,___isblue.

AtheotherBanotherCothersDtheothers?

[答案]A.

[析]兩者中的另一個(gè)應(yīng)為特指。而且應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式的代名詞。而another是泛指單數(shù)代名詞。others是泛指復(fù)數(shù)代名詞,而theothers是特指復(fù)數(shù)代名詞。

24Sorry,Icantansweryourquestion.

Iknow___aboutthesubject.

AlittleBalittleCfewDafew?

[答案]A.

[析]中文講我對(duì)此知道的不多,而英文中要用little。其含意為否定句。

25Mysisterdoesntlikeskating___.

ASodoIBSoIdont

CNeitherIdontDNeitherdoI?

[答案]D.

[析]這是表達(dá)上面否定句中的動(dòng)作,也同樣不適合

于第二個(gè)人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒裝句。

26Yesterdaymorningtherewereonlythreeboysinourroom,___.

Ayou,heandIBI,youandhe

Che,IandyouDyou,Iandhe?

[答案]A.

[析]這是若干人稱代詞并列時(shí)的順序問題。請(qǐng)參看辨析中的例子。?

27Allthestudentsarebusy,so___ofthemwillgototheconcert.

AmanyBlittleCafewDfew?

[答案]D.

[析]student為可數(shù)名詞。

28Theteachergave___studentanewbook.

AnobodyBbothCeachDany?

[答案]C.

[析]both其后的名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù),而any用于疑問句和否定句中只有each可以修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。

29Blackisneitherateacher___aworker.

AorBeitherCnorDand?

[答案]C.

[析]neither…nor為"既不……也不……"的固定搭配。

30Ourteachergaveus___onstudying.

AmanyadvicesBsomeadvices

CanadviceDsomeadvice?

[答案]D.

[析]advice為不可數(shù)名詞。some可用于可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞之前。

31Therearetwoforeignfriendsinthepark.One___isfromJapan,isfromAmerica.

AotherBothersCtheotherDtheothers?

[答案]C.

[析]因?yàn)槭莾烧咧械囊粋€(gè),所以另一個(gè)應(yīng)用單數(shù)特指代詞。?

32Arethere___onthetable?

AsomecupsBanycupCsomecupDanycups?

[答案]D.

[析]此句是疑問句,應(yīng)用anycups,因提問時(shí)的be動(dòng)詞用的是are。

33Ivejustboughtfivestamps.OneisaGermanstamp,___areAmericanstamps.

AtheotherBtheothersCotherDothers?

[答案]B.

[析]此空應(yīng)填入主語。又因其范圍已定,所以應(yīng)選特指的代名詞。theother只能用作單數(shù),而others是泛指復(fù)數(shù)代名詞,故只能選B。

34Itwas___finedaythattheywenttothepark.

AasoBsoaCsuchaDasuch?

[答案]C.

[析]在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前可以有兩種表達(dá)法,即such+不定冠詞+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式,如:suchagoodday,或者用so加形容詞+不定冠詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),如:sogoodaday.

35Atthattimethetrainwasslowandnoisy.So___peoplelikedtakingtrains.

AlittleBalittleCfewDafew?

[答案]C.

[析]這是英文的表達(dá)法與中文不同之處。中文講只有少數(shù)人喜歡坐火車,英文要選用"few"。

36Wemusthelpandunderstandeach___.

AotherBanotherCothersDtheother?

[答案]A.

[析]eachother意為"互相",是習(xí)慣用語。

37___isdifficulttowalkonthemoon.

AManBOneCThatDIt?

[答案]D.

[析]這里的真正主語應(yīng)為不定式towalkonthemoon.而形式主語只能用it.

38Janehassentseveralletters,but___ofthemhavebeenanswered.

AallBbothCeitherDnone?

[答案]D.

[析]severalletters意為"若干信件",應(yīng)看作多于兩者,則在A、D中作選擇,僅D符合句意。

39Idontknow___aboutthenewheadmaster.

AsomethingBeverythingCnothingDanything?

[答案]D.

[析]否定句中應(yīng)用anything.

40___ofthestudentsinthewholeclasscoulddothisphysicsquestion.

ANoBNoneCNotDNeither?

[答案]B.

-

2010年中考英語單詞分類復(fù)習(xí)策略5

2010年中考英語單詞分類復(fù)習(xí)策略5

五、連詞

?

(一)知識(shí)概要?

連詞是一種在句子與句子之間,短語之間以及名詞等其他詞語之間起連接作用的虛詞,它不能單獨(dú)作句子的成份。按其意義可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。?并列連詞連接的雙方是對(duì)等的。常有的并列連詞有and,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,aswellas等。但如果連接的兩部分意義不趨向一致,意義有轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞有:but,however,while(而),only(只不過)。還有表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞,如:or,orelse,otherwise…再有的是連接雙方,互為因果,或表示前因后果的連詞有:for,so,therefore(因此),then等。?從屬連詞在初中范圍內(nèi)常常用來連接名詞性從句,如:that,if,whether,其次用來連接狀語從句。其中有原因狀語從句,常用的連接詞有:whenwhile,as,since,before,after,once,assoonas,until,till連接條件狀語的連詞有:if,unless,aslongas等,而原因狀語的連接詞有because,since,as,nowthat(既然)。目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、地點(diǎn)等狀語從句的連接詞有:sothat,so…that,such…that,as…as,than,where…它們?cè)诰渥优c文章中幾乎無處不見。?具體用法見下表。?

連詞用法一覽表

種類功用例句

并列連詞連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞HeknowsneitherEnglishnorFrench.

短語Areyougoingbybusoronfoot?

分句Marywasagoodgirl,butshehadoneshortcoming.

從屬連詞引導(dǎo):狀語從句Illdoitasyoutoldme.

Youwillbelateunlessyouhurry.

連接代詞和連接副詞主語從句Whathesaidprovedtrue.

Whenwellstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.

表語從句Thisiswhyhedidntcomeyesterday.

Thatiswherehelives.

賓語從句ThemanaskedmewhichIlikedbest.?

Icantunderstandwhysheissolate.

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞定語從句Nicotineisadrugthatgetsoneintothehabitofsmoking.?

HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.

(二)正誤辨析?

[誤]Bothmyparentsarenothere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.?

[正]Neitherofmyparentsishere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.?

[析]在英語中both一般用于肯定句中,如用于否定句中,其意義也不同于漢語,如:Bothofusarenotright.在英語中應(yīng)被理解為"我們倆不都對(duì)。"而Neitherofusisright。才能被理解為"我們倆無一正確"。?

[誤]Heorhisparentshassometicketsforthefilm.?

[正]Heorhisparentshavesometicketsforthefilm.?

[析]由or連接兩主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與相臨近的那一個(gè)主語保持一致。?

[誤]Youshouldstudyhard,andyouwontpasstheexam.?

[正]Youshouldstudyhard,oryouwontpasstheexam.?

[析]or作為連詞,這里的意思為"否則"。又如:Hurryup,oryoullbelateforschool.

[誤]Thoughheispoor,butheisreadytohelpothers.?

[正]Thoughheispoor,heisreadytohelpothers.?

[正]Heispoor,butheisreadytohelpothers.?

[析]"雖然……但是"是中文中的常用結(jié)構(gòu),但在英文中用了"雖然"則不要用"但是",用了"但是"則不能再用"雖然",二者只可用其一。?

[誤]EitheryouorIareonduty.?

[正]EitheryouorIamonduty.?

[析]either…or連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞與相臨近的一個(gè)主語相呼應(yīng),這也叫作就近原則。類似的用法還有or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等。?

[誤]TomisourEnglishteacherandteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.?

[正]TomisourEnglishteacherandisteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.?

[析]并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略,以免重復(fù),但不是所有詞都可作任意的省略的。當(dāng)你連接的是兩個(gè)系動(dòng)詞時(shí),后面的那個(gè)系動(dòng)詞不可省略,也就是講連接的部分不可省略。?

[誤]Myfatherlikesswimmingandtocollectstamps.?

[正]Myfatherlikesswimmingandcollectingstamps.?

[析]由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)部分要保持相等的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。如是動(dòng)名詞則都用動(dòng)名詞,如用不定式則都應(yīng)用不定式,這是初學(xué)者要注意的一點(diǎn)。?

[誤]Myfatherisreadinganewspaper,Iamdoingmyhomework.?

[正]MyfatherisreadinganewspaperwhileIamdoingmyhomework.?

[析]兩個(gè)并列句中間不可用逗號(hào)連接,要用并列連詞來連接。?

[誤]MyfatheraskedmethatifIwantedtolearnhowtodrive.?

[正]MyfatheraskedmeifIwantedtolearnhowtodrive.?

[析]賓語從句的連接詞只能有一個(gè)不能重復(fù)使用。?

[誤]WewillgobothtoBeijingandShanghai.?

[正]WewillgotobothBeijingandShanghai.?

[析]用both…and…作連接詞時(shí),其相連接的部分結(jié)構(gòu)也要相同。?

[誤]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersisgoingtodance.?

[正]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersaregoingtodance.?

[析]由notonly…butalso…連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),其重點(diǎn)在其后面的那一個(gè)主語,所以謂語形式應(yīng)采用就近原則。?

[誤]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsarecoming.?

[正]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsiscoming.?

[析]由aswellas連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與aswellas后面的名詞無關(guān),而與前面的名詞相一致。?

[誤]Tomdoesnotswimnorplayfootball.?

[正]Tomdoesnotswimorplayfootball.?

[析]nor主要用于連接句子的對(duì)等連詞,如在否定句中連接某一部分時(shí)要用or,但要注意句子的含意,如:Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacoworahorse.這個(gè)動(dòng)物既不像牛也不像馬。Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacowbutahorse.這個(gè)動(dòng)物不像牛而像馬。?

[誤]Forthereisnolightintheclassroom.Thestudentsmusthavegonehome.

[正]Thestudentsmusthavegonehome,forthereisnolightintheclassroom.

[析]由for引出的原因狀語從句在使用時(shí)要注意不能將該從句置于句首,而應(yīng)置于主句之后,并在主句與從句之間加一逗號(hào)。更要注意的是because,as,since與for4個(gè)表示原因的連詞中because是因果關(guān)系,是最強(qiáng)的一個(gè),而for是最弱的一個(gè)。有些語法書中干脆把for叫做并列連詞

[誤]MybrotherwillpasstheEnglishexamisnoquestion.?

[正]ThatmybrotherwillpasstheEnglishexamisnoquestion.?

[析]主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that是不可省略的。這一點(diǎn)不要和賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相提并論。

[誤]Thismapwillshowyouhowwillyougettothehotel.?

[正]Thismapwillshowyouhowyouwillgettothehotel.?

[析]名詞性從句作賓語從句使用時(shí),最重要的一點(diǎn)是要用陳述語句。特別要注意的是那些使用雙賓語的動(dòng)詞,如:tell,ask,show…?

[誤]Whiletheclockstruchten,allthelightswentout.?

[正]Whentheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.?

[析]while是強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作在同時(shí)進(jìn)行中,如:WhileIamdoingmyhomework,myfatherisreadinganewspaper.而這里的when是"正當(dāng)某某時(shí)刻","就在這一時(shí)間點(diǎn)上",其重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)在某一特定時(shí)刻某動(dòng)作的發(fā)生。?

[誤]WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.?

[正]WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.?

[析]這里用when表達(dá)在一個(gè)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行中,另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生了。正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作用一進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),而突然發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般時(shí)態(tài)。?

[誤]WhileIheardthebadnewsIfeltsad.?

[正]WhenIheardthebadnews,Ifeltsad.?

[析]while不能表達(dá)一點(diǎn)兒的時(shí)間,即瞬時(shí)某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)。?

[誤]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootball,orothersgotothelibrary.

[正]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootball,whileothersgotothelibrary.

[析]while在此處意為"而,然而"。?

[誤]Shesangwhenshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.?

[正]Shesangasshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.?

[析]as用于句中時(shí),其要點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的同時(shí)進(jìn)行。這里用when雖然不能講是語法上的錯(cuò)誤,但則看不出來小女孩因獨(dú)自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。?

[誤]Ifinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?

[正]Ididntfinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?

[正]Ididmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?

[析]until用在句中時(shí)其含義是某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某時(shí)結(jié)束,那么句中的動(dòng)詞則一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如果要用瞬間,或截止性動(dòng)詞時(shí)一定要用否定句式。因截止性動(dòng)作的否定式應(yīng)看作是持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作。如離開leave是瞬間動(dòng)作,因一出門即為離開了,而不離開則是長時(shí)間的。?

[誤]IhavestudiedEnglishwhenIwastwelve.?

[正]IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwastwelve.?

[析]since引出的時(shí)間狀語從句是表達(dá)了一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),而這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)是主句動(dòng)作的啟始點(diǎn),所以主句一般要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。?

[誤]Becausehedidntstudyhard,sohedidntpasstheexam.?

[正]Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhard.?

[析]because與so在英文中兩者不能并用的,只能在句中用其一。?

[誤]Hewassuchexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.?

[正]Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.?

[析]so與such的用法可以分為四種情況,①用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,其格式是such+不定冠詞+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如:Itissuchabeautifulbookthateverychildlikesit.也可以用so,其格式是so+形容詞+不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如:Itwassobeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.②在不可數(shù)名詞前或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前這時(shí)只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherthatwewanttoswim.又如:Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheycanpasstheexameasily.③在few,little,much,many這4個(gè)字前只能用so而不能用such,如:IhavesomuchmoneythatIcanbuyeverythingIwant.④當(dāng)that前只有形容詞或副詞時(shí),這時(shí)只能用so,如:Sheissobeautifulthateveryonelikesher.HeransofastthatIcouldntkeepupwithhim.?

[誤]Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.

[正]Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastocatchthefirstbus.?

[正]Hegotupsoearlierthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.?

[析]so…that與sothat的用法有相同之處,那就是其后接從句,而soasto其后要接不定式,即動(dòng)詞原形。這樣的詞組還有:inorderto。?

[誤]Iwanttobuysamestampthatyouhave.?

[正]Iwanttobuythesamestampasyouhave.?

[析]thesame…as(that)這是個(gè)固定用法,在same前的定冠詞是不能少的。而thesame…that意為"我要的就是那一個(gè)"。而thesame…as為"要的是和……一樣的東西"。

[誤]BeforeIdonotgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.?

[正]BeforeIgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.?

[析]這種錯(cuò)誤是由于受中文的影響。在中文中可以講"我沒給你答案前"。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。?

(三)例題解析?

1?WeboughtGrannyapresent,___shedidntlikeit.?

A.butB.and

C.orD.so?

[答案]A.?

[析]由于句意的原因,應(yīng)選擇轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。?

2?Runquickly,___wellmisstheearlytrain.?

A.andB.but

C.soD.or?

[答案]D.?

[析]or這里應(yīng)譯為:否則。?

3?Illgivethebooktohim___hecomesback.?

A.sinceB.assoonas

C.beforeD.until?

[答案]B.?

[析]assoonas引出的時(shí)間狀語從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。?

4?Dontcrosstheroad___thelightturnsgreen.?

A.whenB.while

C.untilD.as?

[答案]C.?

[析]until應(yīng)譯為"直到……才",因?yàn)榍懊娴钠硎咕錇榉穸ň洹Ｓ秩?Shedidnotgotobeduntilhermothercameback.應(yīng)譯為"直到她媽媽回來她才睡覺"。?

5?MissGaohasbeenateacher___1990.?

A.beforeB.after

C.sinceD.in?

[答案]C.?

[析]因?yàn)橹骶錇橥瓿蓵r(shí),所以應(yīng)用since表示該動(dòng)作的啟始點(diǎn)。?

6?-Whichwouldyoulikebetter,tea___milk??

-Tea,please.?

A.butB.and

C.orD.with?

[答案]C.?

[析]在疑問句與否定句中應(yīng)用or來表示一種選擇。?

7?Welovespring___theresbeautifulflowerseverywhere.?

A.thoughB.but

C.orD.because?

[答案]D.?

[析]因?yàn)檫@里表示的是因果關(guān)系。?

8?Pleaseleave___7∶00,thenyoullbeabletoget___thereearlier.?

A.till,inB.from,/

C.before,/D.behind,to?

[答案]C.?

[析]before為在7∶00之前離開。?

9?Theteacherdidntbeginthelesson___allthestudentsstoppedtalking.?

A.untilB.after

C.ifD.because?

[答案]A.?

[析]這句應(yīng)譯為"直到所有的學(xué)生都停止講話老師才開始上課"。因begin為瞬間動(dòng)詞,所以應(yīng)用否定句。?

10?Bettydidntgotoseethefilmyesterday___shewasill.?

A.butB.until

C.ifD.because?

[答案]D.?

[析]這里是表示因果關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)用because。因?yàn)樗×怂晕慈タ措娪啊?

11?Youmuststartrightnow,___youllmissthetrain.?

A.forB.and

C.soD.or?

[答案]D.?

[析]or譯為"否則"。本句句意為:你必須馬上走了,否則要趕不上火車了。?

12?___heisachildofsix,hecanreadandwrite.?

A.WhoseB.If

C.ThoughD.Because?

[答案]C.?

[析]這種狀語從句在英語中稱為讓步狀語從句,應(yīng)譯為:雖然他才是個(gè)6歲的孩子,他卻可以讀書和寫字。?

13?Ilikefish,___chicken,___eggs.?

A.and,andB.and,with

C./,andD.and,/?

[答案]C.?

[析]在有若干個(gè)名詞或動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí),每一個(gè)詞之間只用逗號(hào)連接,只在最后兩個(gè)詞之間加and。如:Theoldmanpassedthestreet,wentintoashopandboughtsomefood。

14?Takethisdictionarywithyou___youmayuseitinclass.?

A.whenB.inorderto

C.butD.sothat?

[答案]D.?

[析]sothat應(yīng)譯為"為的是"。本句句義為:帶上字典,為的是在上課時(shí)可能有用。而inorderto其后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式,如:Takethisdictionarywithyouinordertouseitinclass。?

15?Ihope___willbefinetomorrow.?

A.itB.what

C.whetherD.when?

[答案]A.?

[析]hope后接的是賓語從句,而且賓語從句中少主語,應(yīng)用it來代替天氣。?

16?___shewasnotwell,Idecidedtogowithouther.?

A.ThoughB.As

C.WhenD.Becauseof?

[答案]B.?

[析]as這里應(yīng)譯為"由于"。全句意為:由于她不舒服,我決定不帶她去了。而becauseof其后不能接從句只能接賓語。如:Becauseoftheheavyrain,wedecidednottogo。

17?Myauntboughtme___manystorybooksthatIspentalotoftimethem.?

A.such…onB.such…in

C.too…inD?so…on?

[答案]D.?

[析]因many前只能用so來修飾,所以只能選擇D選項(xiàng)。而spend…onsomething為在某事上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢。如:Shespentalotofmoneyonherclothes。?

18?Motherwascooking___she___aknockatthedoor.?

A.when,listentoB.while,listenedto?

C.while,heardD.when,heard?

[答案]D.?

[析]when在這里應(yīng)譯為:就在那時(shí),那一刻,那一瞬間。?

19?Speakslowly,___wecanunderstandyou.?

A.andB.or

C.ifD.because?

[答案]A.?

[析]and這里是并列連詞,應(yīng)譯為:請(qǐng)講慢些這樣我們就會(huì)明白你的意思。?

20?YoulllearnEnglishwell___youputyourheartintoit.?

A.ifB.so

C.untilD.or?

[答案]A.?

[析]本句譯為:如果你將心放在學(xué)習(xí)上,你就會(huì)將英語學(xué)好。這里的語法現(xiàn)象是從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。?

21?Iwontletyouin___youshowmeyourpass.?

A.untilB.for

C.sinceD.because?

[答案]A.?

22?Shedidntgotoschool___shewasill.?

A.whyB.because

C.whereD.but?

[答案]B.?