高中英語(yǔ)必修四教案

高考英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)題解題方法大全（四）：短文改錯(cuò)。

高考英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)題解題方法大全（四）：短文改錯(cuò)

DearAlice,
Ihavejustgotsomegoodnewstotelltoyou.1.______
Iwinanationalprizeforpaintinglastweek.2.______
Myfatherwassopleasingthathesuggested3.______
IgotoEnglandforaholiday.I’dliketostaying4.______
thereforhalfamonth,visitingplaceofinterest5.______
orpracticingmyEnglishaswell.We’vebeen6.______
writingtoeachfornearlyayearnow.Ihave7.______
oftendreamedoftalkfacetofacewithyou.8.______
Iimagineyou’llbeatvacationyourselfbythat9.______
time.Perhapswecouldgoouttodosome10.______
sightseeingtogether.
Best,
Lily
1.典型錯(cuò)誤是將got去掉。而沒(méi)有考慮到havegot是一個(gè)固定搭配,無(wú)需改動(dòng),而本題tell是及物動(dòng)詞,后無(wú)需加to,tellsb.sth.告訴某人某事.
注意英語(yǔ)中的固定搭配與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配.
去掉to
2.典型錯(cuò)誤是發(fā)現(xiàn)不了錯(cuò)誤的所在.
要注意時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)lastweek,是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志,因此win改為won.
win→won
3.典型錯(cuò)誤是沒(méi)有注意到pleasing是用來(lái)修飾事物的形容詞.
注意形容詞的用法,表示情感態(tài)度的-ing形容詞是用來(lái)表示事物的特征的,而-ed形容詞常用來(lái)修飾人.
pleasing→pleased/happy
4.將go改為went.錯(cuò)因分析,沒(méi)有考慮到suggest表’建議’時(shí),后面的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣should加上動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略.且wouldliketo后加動(dòng)詞的原形.
平時(shí)在高考復(fù)習(xí)的過(guò)程中要注意一些常用動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)的用法.
staying→stay
5.典型錯(cuò)誤是將interest后加s.錯(cuò)因分析是沒(méi)有掌握placeofinterest的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在place后加上-s.
注意一些名詞以及一些名詞短語(yǔ)的復(fù)數(shù)變化.
place→places
6.典型錯(cuò)誤是找不到錯(cuò)點(diǎn).錯(cuò)因分析是沒(méi)有正確地理解visitingplaceofinterest
與practicingmyEnglishaswell是并列關(guān)系而不是選擇關(guān)系.
在改錯(cuò)的過(guò)程中要注意上下句的邏輯關(guān)系.
or→and
7.典型錯(cuò)誤是將to去掉.錯(cuò)因分析write后加each,each用作了副詞,而沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)整篇小短文是一篇書信,是兩個(gè)人之間的聯(lián)系.
從篇章整體結(jié)構(gòu)出發(fā),抓住上下文的相應(yīng)邏輯信息,且忌只從單行入手.
each后加other
8.典型錯(cuò)誤是沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)介詞后應(yīng)加上動(dòng)詞的-ing形式.
注意介詞的用法,介詞后加動(dòng)詞的ing形式,除了個(gè)別的介詞but,except等當(dāng)”除了”講時(shí),例外.
talk→talking
9.典型錯(cuò)誤是將yourself去掉.錯(cuò)因分析沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)固定短語(yǔ)的錯(cuò)誤,且一行只能改正一處以及不能改變句子的原意.度假應(yīng)為onvacation.
在高考復(fù)習(xí)的過(guò)程中要積累一些固定搭配的短語(yǔ)
at→on
10.典型錯(cuò)誤對(duì)本行也進(jìn)行了改動(dòng).錯(cuò)因分析是沒(méi)有抓住例年來(lái)改錯(cuò)的特點(diǎn):其中正確1行；多詞1-2行；少詞1-2行；錯(cuò)詞6行左右。
正確分析句子,根據(jù)改錯(cuò)題設(shè)題特點(diǎn)來(lái)做題.
√

DearLucy,
I’mgladtohearthatyouareinterestinginmycity.Asyou1._________
readontheInternet,greatchangeshavebeentakenplacehere.2._________
Itismoreconvenienttoliveinthecitythanbefore.Privatecars3._________
areeverywherenow.LotsofpeopleshopontheInternet,that4._________
isespeciallypopularyoungpeople.What’smore,5._________
peoplearepayingmoreattentionontheirhealth.Youcanfind6._________
morepeopleintheparkorintheirneighborhood,doingexercises.7._________
Evenyoungpeoplearepayinglotofattentiontotheirdiet.8.________
Allinall,ourcitylooksverydifferent.Ihopethattheywill9.________
beabletovisitmytownthissummerholiday.10._______
Bestwishes!
Yours,
LiHua
1．沒(méi)有正確地把握表示情感形容詞的用法，interesting常用來(lái)修飾事物，interested常用于修飾人。
形容詞的誤用的考查關(guān)鍵是主語(yǔ)的確定，以及常用的固定短語(yǔ)beinterestedin意為“對(duì)……感興趣”。
interesting→interested
2．本題考查動(dòng)詞的用法，takeplace是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
要積累一些常見的不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。
去掉been
3．學(xué)生可能會(huì)將more去掉，因?yàn)闆](méi)有注意到比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。
本題考查比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。
√
4．本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法，尤指非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不能使用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。
對(duì)于高中英語(yǔ)中的一些復(fù)合句要正確地掌握。
that→which
5．本題考查固定短語(yǔ)bepopularamong的用法。從句子分析，在youngpeople前缺少了介詞。
對(duì)于一些常見的短語(yǔ)要牢記，在改錯(cuò)題中介詞，不定式符詞和冠詞是常常易丟失的內(nèi)容。
popular后加among
6．本題考查固定短語(yǔ)payattentionto的用法，學(xué)生們常會(huì)將此短語(yǔ)與focusone’sattentionon混淆。
要牢記一此常見的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。
on→to
7．本題考查名詞exercise的用法，當(dāng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)”講時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞。
注意一些常見詞的名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)現(xiàn)象。
exercises→exercise
8．本題考查lotsof或alotof的用法，學(xué)生們常會(huì)粗心，注意不到這一點(diǎn)細(xì)微的變化。
看題要心細(xì)，注意一些常見的修飾名詞表示許多，大量的短語(yǔ)。
lot→lots或lot前加a
9．本題考查代詞的用法，從全篇文章來(lái)看，作者一直與you進(jìn)行交談，因此，此處的they指代不明。
要從全篇內(nèi)容來(lái)考查，判斷代詞的指代內(nèi)容，切忌指代不明。
they→you
10．本題學(xué)生們很可以看不出來(lái)問(wèn)題的所在，要從上文來(lái)看，因?yàn)樯衔乃劦囊恢笔莄ity，因此這里的town應(yīng)改為city.
在進(jìn)行短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)，要注意從篇章結(jié)構(gòu)下手，不要以點(diǎn)代面。
town→city

ItisfiveyearsnowsinceIgraduatefromNo.3High1.______
School.LastSaturday,theclassthatIwasonhelda2.______
get—together,whichtookusalongtimeprepare.It3.______
wasindeednoteasytogetinthetouchwitheverybody4.______
andsetawelltimeforallofus.Weallenjoyed5.______
thispreciousdaygreatly,rememberthetimewespent6.______
togetherandthepeopletheywerefamiliarwith.Itwas7.______
apitywhichsomeofuswerenotpresentastheyhad8.______
goneabroadforfurtherstudies,buttheycalledback9.______
orsentgreetingcardfromdifferentplaces.10.______
1.典型錯(cuò)誤是將from去掉.錯(cuò)因分析:一是沒(méi)有掌握固定短語(yǔ)graduatefrom;二是沒(méi)有記住since的句型結(jié)構(gòu).
要注意since的句型結(jié)構(gòu):Itis/hasbeen段時(shí)間since后常用一般過(guò)去時(shí).
gratuate→graduated
2.典型錯(cuò)誤是沒(méi)有注意到定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,在班級(jí)應(yīng)使用beinclass.
本題是考查介詞的固定搭配,?？冀樵~是in,on,with,from,at,of等.
on→in
3.典型錯(cuò)誤是考查take當(dāng)“花費(fèi)”講時(shí)的固定句型,學(xué)生們常在prepare后加it.錯(cuò)因分析是沒(méi)有掌握住一些表示花費(fèi)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)以及沒(méi)有正確分析定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu).
對(duì)于一些固定的句型搭配要牢記.本句中缺少一詞,通常缺少的詞有:冠詞、副詞、不定式符號(hào)to等。
time后加to
4.典型錯(cuò)誤是考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的固定搭配.錯(cuò)因分析是本短語(yǔ)getintouchwith中多了一個(gè)冠詞。
高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題中的贅述是在一些固定表達(dá)中用了多余的詞，這些詞多為冠詞，介詞，副詞，代詞等。
the劃掉
5.典型錯(cuò)誤是詞性的誤用.錯(cuò)因分析是學(xué)生們對(duì)于形容詞和副詞的運(yùn)用掌握不好.
詞類的誤用是高考改錯(cuò)題的重點(diǎn),常將動(dòng)詞、名詞、副詞、形容詞互改。
1.well→good
6.典型錯(cuò)誤是將remember改為remembered.錯(cuò)因分析沒(méi)有正確分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，本句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為enjoyed,remember不應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)了，而為狀語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)改為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
正確地分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)是解決此類問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。句子的主語(yǔ)是we,與remember之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用remembering的形式來(lái)作狀語(yǔ)。
remember→remembering
7.典型錯(cuò)誤是代詞的誤用.錯(cuò)因分析沒(méi)有注意上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，they指代不明。
此類題要注意主語(yǔ)與代詞的指代的一致，閱讀完整的句子就可以看出來(lái)。
they→we
8.典型錯(cuò)誤是沒(méi)有注意到Itisapitythat...句型.錯(cuò)因分析本句型中it是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語(yǔ)，which無(wú)此用法。
注意分析句子，掌握it的用法及一些固定句型。
which→that
9.典型錯(cuò)誤是將studies改為study.錯(cuò)因分析是沒(méi)有將名詞study的用法掌握好。Study用作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為“學(xué)習(xí)”；study的復(fù)數(shù)形式，意為“（各學(xué)科的）學(xué)習(xí)”，因此，此處studies是正確的。
注意常見名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)的用法。
√
10.典型錯(cuò)誤是名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)的運(yùn)用.錯(cuò)因分析沒(méi)有正確地分析完整的句子以及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。They是復(fù)數(shù)，因此不可能只送一張賀卡。
正確理解句子的意思，注意上下文的邏輯關(guān)系以及可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，不要以點(diǎn)帶面。
card→cards

TheInternetisplayingaimportantpartin1．
ourdailylife.Onthenet,wecanlearnabout2．
newsbothhomeandabroadandsomeother3．
informationsaswell.Wecanalsomakephonecalls,4．
sendmessagesbye-mails,gotonetschools,and5．
learnforeignlanguagesbyourselves.Beside,we6．
canenjoymusic,watchsportsmatches，andplaythe7．
chessorcards.Thenetevenhelpusdoshopping,8．
makeachatwithothersandmakefriendswiththem.9．
Inaword,theInternethasmadeourlifemoreeasier.10．

1．本題考查冠詞的用法，學(xué)生們很有可能不注意這一細(xì)節(jié)，在元音讀音開頭的單詞前要使用an來(lái)修飾。
冠詞a,an與the的用法是?？嫉闹R(shí)點(diǎn)，因此要牢記。
a→an
2．學(xué)生們很可能將介詞on改為in,原因是沒(méi)有掌握固定短語(yǔ)ontheinternet。
對(duì)于一些介詞短語(yǔ)要牢記，onTV,onthetelephone等。
√
3．本題學(xué)生們很可能找不出錯(cuò)誤，原因是沒(méi)有正確地分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，本句是缺少后置定語(yǔ)，athomeandabroad在國(guó)內(nèi)外。
正確在分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)并掌握固定短語(yǔ)的用法。
home前加at
4．本題考查名詞的用法。Information是不可數(shù)名詞。
對(duì)于名詞的考查，常見的是可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的混用，所以要記住常見的不可數(shù)名詞fun,furniture,equipment,progress,information,news等。
informations→information
5．本題考查介詞by當(dāng)“（表方式）通過(guò)”時(shí)，后用名詞單數(shù)的形式。
注意一些常見介詞的用法。
e-mails→e-mail
6．考查介詞的辨析，beside與besides的用法。這兩個(gè)介詞是形近詞，很多學(xué)生在緊張的情況下，很可能不能注意到這一點(diǎn)。
要通過(guò)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)判斷介詞的使用。
Beside→Besides
7．本題考查冠詞在固定短語(yǔ)中的使用。玩牌應(yīng)為playchess或playcards。
掌握固定短語(yǔ)的使用。
去掉the
8．本題考查主謂一致，因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是thenet所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)。
注意分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)及主謂一致的用法。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上要與主語(yǔ)保持一致。
help→helps
9．本題學(xué)生們很可能會(huì)將第一個(gè)make改為making,原因是沒(méi)有從整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)分析，因?yàn)榫渥邮侨齻€(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)。本題是動(dòng)詞的誤用haveachatwithsb.與某人交談。
本題是考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的固定搭配，因此對(duì)于一些常見的動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)要牢記。
第一個(gè)make→have
10．本題考查形容詞的比較級(jí)，屬于成分的冗余部分。easy的比較級(jí)為easier，more為多余的成分。
注意成分的冗余以及如何使用形容詞或是副詞的比較級(jí)及最高級(jí)的表達(dá)。
more→muchJab88.CoM

JohnBrownisaLondontaxidriverwholovegoingtothe1._______
theatre.Lastweekhismothergavehimtwoticketsforaplay.2.________
TheticketswereonSundayevening.ThenJohnreadsome3.________
reviewsoftheplay,whichallsaiditwasaterriblyone!He4.________
wouldn’tgotoseeaplaythatnoonelikedit,sotwohours5._______
beforetheplaystarted,helefttheticketonthebackseatof6._______
histaxi,perhapssomeonewhowantedseetheplaywouldtakethem7.________
However,whileJohnwentbackhome,theticketswere8.________
stillthere.Inthefact,therewerefourticketsontheseat.9.________
Someonehasplacedanotherpairofticketsontopofthem!10.________
1．典型錯(cuò)誤定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主謂一致的考查.錯(cuò)因分析沒(méi)有正確的區(qū)分出先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)與先行詞保持一致。
正確地分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)以及掌握主謂一致的原則。
love→loves
2．典型錯(cuò)誤是將gave改為gives.錯(cuò)因分析是沒(méi)有考慮到時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)lastweek是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的提示詞。
要注意時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)決定句子的時(shí)態(tài)的作用。
√
3．典型錯(cuò)誤是認(rèn)為本句是正確的.錯(cuò)因分析是onSundayevening是一個(gè)固定的短語(yǔ)，意為“在周日的晚上”；但是本句考查的是tickets的適用期限，因此應(yīng)將on改為for.
在做改錯(cuò)題時(shí)，不要用片面來(lái)代替整體，應(yīng)從整個(gè)句子來(lái)分析。
on→for
4．典型錯(cuò)誤是形容詞與副詞的誤用.錯(cuò)因分析是沒(méi)有抓住aterriblyone中應(yīng)使用一個(gè)形容詞來(lái)修飾one,因?yàn)閛ne指代名詞play。
正確地分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定詞性的正確使用。
terribly→terrible
5．典型錯(cuò)誤是句子結(jié)構(gòu)冗余.錯(cuò)因分析是沒(méi)有正確地分析定語(yǔ)從句的成分，句中l(wèi)iked的賓語(yǔ)是關(guān)系詞that,因此it是多余。
正確地分析定語(yǔ)從句的用法，分清定語(yǔ)從句的成分。
去掉it
6．典型錯(cuò)誤沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)ticket的錯(cuò)誤.錯(cuò)因分析是沒(méi)有從篇章整體上去分析句子，因?yàn)榍懊婕航?jīng)提到他的母親給他兩張票，且John又不打算去看電影，因此兩張票都不要了，所以ticket改為tickets.
在進(jìn)行改錯(cuò)時(shí)是注意上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，不要篇章的整體性，是短文改錯(cuò)不是單句改錯(cuò)。
ticket→tickets
7．典型錯(cuò)誤是考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)誤.錯(cuò)因分析沒(méi)有注意到兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞wanted與see之間的關(guān)系，wanttodosth.是固定的結(jié)構(gòu)。
在分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要注意正確的固定搭配。
wanted后加to
8．典型錯(cuò)誤是連詞的使用錯(cuò)誤.錯(cuò)因分析是正確地使用while,when與as的用法。While從句中的動(dòng)詞必需是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，when從句中的動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的，也可是非延性的。
注意常用連詞的用法。
while→when
9．典型錯(cuò)誤是考查固定的介詞短語(yǔ)infact.錯(cuò)因分析是常見的介詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有記牢。
對(duì)于一些常見的介詞和動(dòng)詞的固定短語(yǔ)要記牢。
the去掉
10．典型錯(cuò)誤沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)has是錯(cuò)誤的.錯(cuò)因分析是短文的時(shí)態(tài)要以上下文的主體時(shí)態(tài)為依據(jù)，此短文的主體時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去時(shí)，因此，應(yīng)將has改為had。
時(shí)態(tài)的更改以上下文的主體時(shí)態(tài)為依據(jù)。
has→had

Thisweekend,IhurtmyarmbadwhileIwasplaying1.__________
basketballwithmyfriends.ItwassuchpainfulthatIcouldn’t2.__________
helpcryout.Myfriendstookmetothenearbyhospital3.__________
whereIsawlittleboylyingonabed.Hewasgoingtohave4._________
averydangerousoperation,buthestillkeptsmiling.Atthat5._________
moment,Ifeltmorepainful.Ialsoreadthecourageand6._________
confidenceinthelittleboy’sface.Althoughtheoperation7._________
wasdangerous,shewasstillverypositive.Inourlives,there8.________
istroublesnowandthen,butIthinkhavingapositiveattitude9.________
willhelpusovercomethesedifficulty.10.________

1．本題考查形容詞與副詞的混用。Bad應(yīng)是修飾hurt的，因此應(yīng)使用副詞badly。
詞性的誤用主要是考查學(xué)生對(duì)基本句法結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握。掌握基本的句法，句子的意思和邏輯關(guān)系及從句中的成分。
bad→badly
2．such用來(lái)修飾名詞，so用來(lái)修飾形容詞，so+adj.+that如此……以致于…….
本題考查so與such的辨析。
such→so
3．學(xué)生們可能在help后加上to，原因是沒(méi)有注意到can’thelpdoing的意思是“禁不住，止不住”的意思。
本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法，注意一些常見的后即可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)的意思的差別。在選擇的過(guò)程中要根據(jù)上下文的意思來(lái)判斷。
cry→crying
4．本題句中缺少內(nèi)容，學(xué)生們很可能注意不到；可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前必需要有限定詞a,an或the,this,that等。
可數(shù)名詞不可單獨(dú)使用。
saw后加a
5.√
6．本題對(duì)于學(xué)生們來(lái)說(shuō)有些難度，要綜合上下文的邏輯關(guān)系才能看出來(lái)錯(cuò)誤所在。從上下文來(lái)看，作者在小男孩的影響下，應(yīng)感到不那么疼了。
從根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系及語(yǔ)義來(lái)判斷程度詞的用法。
more→less
7．介詞的誤用，在某人的臉上應(yīng)為onone’sface。
掌握常用介詞的用法。
in→on
8．此題對(duì)于粗心的學(xué)生而言失分率較高。因?yàn)楸绢}需從整篇文章來(lái)斷定代詞的指代，只從單句看是改不出來(lái)的，本題中涉及的是一個(gè)小男孩,因此應(yīng)使用he來(lái)代替she.
用于指代的各類代詞應(yīng)在數(shù)、格、性上與上下文保持一致。
she→he
9．本題學(xué)生易錯(cuò)在將troubles改為troulbe，原因是troulbe當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)為“麻煩”；而當(dāng)“麻煩事”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，從上下文分析，此題應(yīng)為“麻煩事”，所以要改謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is為are.
要注意一些名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)時(shí)意思上的差別，并根據(jù)文中的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)判斷其用法。
is→are
10．本題考查名詞的用法，these用來(lái)修飾名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。
注意一些修飾詞的用法及名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
difficulty→difficulties

擴(kuò)展閱讀

高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)與完型填空解題指導(dǎo)

高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)練習(xí)集錦

2010高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)練習(xí)集錦
一．單句改錯(cuò).（下列句子各有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)改正）
1.NowpeoplegetalotofinformationsfromTV.
2.GermanisaEuropeancountry.
3.Theydidn’twantmetodoanyworkatfamily.
4.YesterdayImetanoldfriendofmyfather.
5.Boysandgirls,don’tlosehearts.Dobetternexttime.
6.Theyareofdifferentsize.
7.Itissobeautifulplacethatyoumustvisitit.
8.Whataterribleweatherwehavebeenhaving!
9.IttookplaceinFrance,anEuropeancountry.
10.SuddenlyIcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.
11.Whatgoodtimewehadlastnight!
12.Weshallspendthree-dayholidaytogether.
13.Icametounderstandthatwasnoteasytoearnmoney.
14.Someparentsthinkuselessforgirlstogotoschool.
15.Whenheboughtachocolatecake,heputtheminasecretplace.
16.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.
17.It’simportantthatweshouldthinkoverbeforedoinganything.
18.Thetruckwasmovingsofastthatthedrivercouldn’tcontrol.
19.Iapologizedandcontrolledmeatmybesttillthedinnerstarted.
20.Wemusttakepartinthesocialpracticetoprepareuswellforourfuture.
21.Theteacherdidnotpunishforcheatingbutinsteadgavemeasecondchance.
22.Henrydidnotlikehiscar,thatranbadlyandoftenbrokedown.
23.Therewasafive-poundnoteinthepocketofthetrousersIhadtoldhertowashit.
24.Peoplecanhardlydosomefishingthere.
25.Ivisitedaplacewhereissurroundedbymountains.
26.Iamsureyouwillfindoneyoulikeit.
27.Itwasyesterdaywhenhebrokethewindow.
28.Hehadlosthisglasseswithoutthemhecouldn’tsee.
29.OliverTwist,theheroofthestory,hewasanorphan.
30.Itstartswithchoosingatreefromneitherafarmorastore.
31.Sheneverhasenoughtimeforthatshewantstodo.
32.IfindwhatIhaveoneshortcominginmycharacter.
33.Whatnecessaryitisthatwegetridofthebadhabits.
34.Itdidn’tmatterthatIwouldwinornot.
35.PeopleintheUSdrinkmorecoffeethanpeopleinanycountry.
36.Thedevelopmentwillbringusmuchmorehopesandchances.
37.TheOlympicsareheldeachfouryears.
38.Asummer,Fanetraveledabroad.
39.Ihopeyouthinkaboutmyrequestassoonaspossibly.
40.IknowyouareparticularinterestedinHumanRights.
41.Asthereisnoairorwater,therecanbenolife,too.
42.ThereweretoomanynicethingsthatIdidn’tknowwhattochoose.
43.Hedecidestotravelalotandvisitsuchmanynewplacesaspossible.
44.Icouldn’tseeasclearasbefore.
45.Thewaterinitissodirtythatitsmellsterribly.
46.Iappreciateyourhelpverywell.
47.Youalwaysgavemespeciallyattentionandinspiredme.
48.Itwasuntilmidnightthatitstoppedraining.
49.Peoplebothathomeandabroadhavebeengreathelpedbythenewcomputer.
50.Hehastoworkifhewantstolivecomfortable.
51.Sheisabraveandhonestygirl.
52.Itismucheasytomakeplansthantocarrythemout.
53.Itisconvenientformetopreparefortheexamthanbefore.
54.Hegavemeanorderworthy15milliondollars.
55.ThetreewasputintoaChristmasstandthatholdsthetreeupstraightly.
56.IsteachingkidsEnglishasinterestedasyouexpectedincollege?
57.Wehadguestslastnightwhohadnotstayedinitago.
58.Weareallverymuchactiveandtheactivitiesareenjoyable.
59.Ifyouwon’twanttotakeataxi,youcangobybus.
60.Ourcityisamoderncity.Itsetupintheearly1980s.
61.Badhabitsnotcomesuddenly.
62.IhavecaughtabadcoldforaweekandIcan’tgetridofit.
63.Followingtheroadandyouwillfindthestore.
64.Irushoverwithoutdelay,jumpedintothewaterandswamtowardshim.
65.Youmustdoeverythingyoucanhelpthem.
66.Whenarabbitseesomethingdangerous,itrunsaway.
67.Itstail,whichiswhite,movingupanddownasitruns.
68.ThinkperhapsIwastootired,Istoodupandwasgoingtosleep.
69.IwasoftentiredandwatchTVdemandslittleeffort.
70.Thelittlegirlhurriedhomewiththeremainedmoney.
71.Hisyoungpatientwassoonabletogetupandranaboutagain.
72.Itwaskindofthemtomeetmeatthestationanddrovemetotheirhome.
73.Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.
74.Therewereover1000studentsattendit.
75.IsitlikelytobeanyfoodatthepartyonSaturday?
76.Pleaseexcuseusfornotabletosaygoodbyetoyou.
77.Hespendshoursonthetelephone,talkstohisfriends.
78.Fillingwithmanypeople,theroomiscrowded.
79.Attheinterviewtherearemanypeoplewhowaittointerviewedforjobs.
80.Itwillcostarocketahundredthousandyearstoreachit.
81.Thereusedtohaveachurchinfrontoftheschool.
82.Hopeyougreatsuccessinyourwork!
83.Allyoucandoisencouraginghim,showhimunderstandingandofferhimadvice.
84.InFridayafternoon,somestudentstookpartinaspeechactivity.
85.Inafewweeksthestorywasreturnedtoher.
86.ItwasveryfinewhenIgotupearlyonlastSundaymorning.
87.IrushedoutthehouseasquicklyasIcould.
88.Itisnecessarytodecidewhatisworthtakingnotice.
89.IhaddifficultyingrammarafterIenteredintotheschool.
90.Shecouldhardlyaffordforthemedicalcare.
91.Butwedon’tseemtohavemuchtimetotalkabouttogether.
92.Hewaspunishedbecausewhathehaddone.
93.Theiceisn’tthickenoughforustoskate.
94.Igaveyoumyluggageataquarterofanhourago.
95.Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.
96.Hemeanstocomenoearlierasthattime.
97.Wemustreturnbacktoschoolthisafternoon
98.Childasheis,butheknowsalot.
99.Havingbeenillforalongtime,soshefellbehindherclassmates.
100.Thinkinghehappenedtohavenoworktodo,andhecamebackhome.
二．單句改錯(cuò)（下列句子各有兩處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)改正）
1.Ifyoucloseyoureyes,youcan’tseesomething,becauseyoureyelidspreventthelightenteryoureyes
2.Forourjoy,LiDing,monitorofourclass,whowasamongthewinners.
3.TheonlythingIcanthinkiswhenIamgoingtogethomelistentomymusic.
4.Allmyclassmatesarebusypreparefortheexamexceptmyself.
5.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.
6.Icommunicatedmyselfthankstohisgreatkindness.
7.Iwasgreatdelightedtolearnthatyoudoverywellinthemid-termexamination.
8.IfyoulearningEnglish,itisnotenoughonlytokeepinmindstherulesofgrammar.
9.IgetupveryearlythismorningtogototheairporttomeetMr.White,aexpertfromtheUSA.
10.Oneandahalfyearlater,InowthinkEnglishafuntolearn.
11.IwentthroughthetestformanytimesbutIcanonlyanswerthreeoutofthetwentyquestions.
12.Forinstance,ononenight,theplayedstrongandloudlymusictill4o’clockinthemorning.
13.Thinkinghehadnoworktodo,andmyfathercamebackhome,quicklyfinishinghissupperandleftforthecinema.
14.Menhavebeeninterestinginthestarseversincetheyfirstlookedupintosky.
15.ThatisdifficultytosayhowmanypeoplearelearningEnglish.
16.Threeyearsago,hewaspickedoutandsendtostudyinabroad.
17.Sometimes,IwishIcanstayinaquietplacelonely,awayfromthiscityforalongtime.
18.Manyyearsago,IstepintoabookstoreforsomebooksIwantedthem.
19.Havinglearnedwhyhewantedthebook,andthebooksellergavehimsomewritingpapersandanewpencilasagift.
20.youcanfindallkindsinformationinjustafewminuteontheinternet.
21.Igotknowthattheywerecollegestudentstravelinchina.
22.Underthehelpofhimandmyclassmates,Imadesomeprogresses.
23.WewenttothezooonlastSunday.Therewerealotofvisitorsstoodinfrontoftheticketwindow.
24.Withdevelopmentofmobilephones,theshortmessageserviceisbecomingmoreandmorepopularforusnowadays.
25.Onthenightbeforemyfirstday,Iwasmuchexcitedtogotosleepandasaresult,Igotuplatelyinthemorning.
26.Threeyearsago,IwasstudyingtoabroadinJapan.ItwastherewhereIbeganreadingcomicbooks.
27.Havetheyeverthoughtofplasticbagsdoharmourenvironment?
28.ItiscertainlythatZhangVillagewillbuiltintoabettermodernvillage.
29.Ontheceremonywemadeastatementwhichasgrown-upsweshouldhavesenseofdutytooursocietyfromnowon.
30.Thoughthecityismodern,buttherearestillsomeproblems,suchasairpollutioncrowdednessandnoisy.
三．短文改錯(cuò).
1.AnitaMeiwasaveryfamouspopsingerinHongKong.Together76.
withhermother,shebegantoperformintheageoffour.Intheearly77.
1980s,shetookpartinalocalsingingcompetitionbutwonthefirst78.
prize.Thesong“BadGirl”madeherfamous.Thefollowingyearssee79.
Anitaplayinmanymoviesandmademanyrecords.Someofhersongs80.
wereverypopular.Shewasalwaysreadytohelpothers,shemade81.
alotofgoodfriends.WhenSARShitHongKongin2004,they82.
organizedseveralpopconcertwithotherpopstars,callingonHong83.
Kongpeopletobravelyfacethedisease.Sad,Anitadiedofcancer84.
inDecember,2003.Thebraveandthebeautifulladywillalwaysbe85.
rememberedbypeople.

2.WhenJoeleftuniversity,hegotagoodworkinabikefactory.76．
Butafterhehadbeenworkedthereforsomeyears,hedecided77．
tohavechange,soheputanoticeinseveralnewspapers,78．
sayingwhatexperienceshehadandthekindofjobhewould79．
liketohave.Oneoftheanswersheacceptedwasfromaman80．
waslookingforajob,too.Thismanwrotetohim,“Dear,sir,81．
whenyougetanewjob,bekindenoughtogiveyournameand82．
addresstoyoupresentbossasIhavebeentryingtofind83．
apositionlikeyoursforalongtime.”Afterhereadstheletter,84．
hesuddenlyrealizedthatwhathehaddonewasrealfoolish.85．

3.EverydayJohngoestoworkbytrains.Healways76.___________
buysapiecenewspapertoreadonthetrain,sohefeels77.___________
thatthetimepassmorequickly.Onedayonthetrainhe78.___________
wasreadingareportaboutimportantfootballmatch.79.___________
Thereportwassuchinterestingthatheforgottogetoff80.___________
athisstation.Hedidn’tknowituntilhesawthesea.81.___________
Hegotoffatthenextstation,andwaitalongtimefor82.___________
atraintogoback.Hearrivedverylatelyattheoffice.83.___________
Hisbosswasangrytohimwhenhetoldhimwhyhe84.___________
waslate.“Workismoreimportancethanfootball!”85.___________
4.InthefirstdaywhenIwenttoworkinaveryfamous76．___________
restaurant,mybosscomplainedthattherewereveryafew77．___________
peoplecomingfordinner.SoIam“invited”tohaveamealin78．___________
therestaurant.AfterorderingtwoFrenchdishesandsomefood,79．___________
Ibegantolookfrequentlyatwatchtimingtheservingofthe80．___________
meal.Meanwhile,Ilookedaroundtoseethattherewasanything81．___________
elsewrongthere.Iwrotesomethingimproperdownsecret.My82．___________
mealwasnotservingyet.Ilookedatmywatch：32minutes83．___________
passed!Irealizedthatwaittoolongforservicewasthemain84．__________
reasonswhythebusinesswaspoor.ThenIwroteareportabout85．___________
myfindingsandpresentedittotheboss.
5.Lastmonthweboughtourtwo-year-olddaughteralittle
dog.Therearenotmanychildrenofheragetherewelive,76．
andwethoughtadogwouldmakeherlessalone.Wewere77．
right.Theyplaytogetherhappilyalldays.Ourdaughternow78．
smilesandlaughsalotmorethansheused.Inawayit79．
islikehavingtwochildreninthehouse.Allofthemare80．
veryuntidy,buttheycrywhentheydonotgetwhatthey81．
want.Thedogiseasytolookafterthanmydaughter.82．
Healwayseatsupallhisfoodandwedon’thavepilesof83．
dirtyclothestowash.Mywifeisalsohappybecauseof84．
Ihavegivenupsmoke.Thedogdoesn’tlikethesmell.85．

6.Iwentshoppingwithmywife.Wehavealotofthingsto1._________
buythem.Wedrovetothecenterofthecityandstopped2._________
ourcarinfrontoftheshop.Anhourlate,wecameback3._________
tothecar.Butitwasstrangethatwecouldntopen4._________
thedoor.Soweaskedpolicemanforhelp.Hewas5._________
gladtohelpus.Afewminutelater,hegotthedooropen.6._________
Justthenamancameupandshoutedangrily."Howare7._________
youdoingwithmycar"Weweresurprisingandwentto8._________
seethenumberofthecar.Whatyouthinkwedidthen9._________
Wehadtospeaksorrytothemanagainandagain.10._________

7.Tomyopinion,thereareadvantagesanddisadvantages76.______
travelingbothbyplaneandbytrain.Travelbyplaneis77.______
time-saving,comfortably,andyoucanhaveagoodrest78.______
onthetrip.butitistooexpensive.Unlessyoutravelby79.______
train,itisnotexpensiveandquitesafetyandyoucan80.______
appreciatethebeautifulsceneriesonbothsidesofthe81.______
railway.However,itwastoocrowdedandtime-wasting,82.______
andwecantakeagoodrest.Soyoucanseeevery83.______
coinhastwosides.Youdbettertochooseeitherof84.______
themdependingonyourowninterestoreconomy.85.______

8.DearWorried,
IhaveacceptedyourletterandImgladtogiveyousome76.__________
suggestions.Firstinall,dontbedisappointed.Manystudents77.__________
finditdifficultytowritewell.Inmyopinion,ifyouwantto78.__________
improveyourwriting,andyoucandoseveralthings.First,79.__________
dosomestudywithphrasesandsentencestructures.Second,80.__________
readasmuchaspossible.Therearemanythingscantbe81.__________
learnt.Youmustseeitinbooksmanytimes.Thenyoull82.__________
beabletousethemcorrectlyyourself.But,inordertowrite83.__________
well,youmustlearntoreadmuch.Finally,youdbetterto84.__________
recitesomegoodpassages.Goodluckforyouinyourwriting.85.
9.MycousinandIusuallystayoutlatewithsome
friendsonSaturdayevenings,leftGrandpaaloneathome.71.___
Itwassocoldyesterday,however,thatnoneofuswanted72.____
tosufferfromthefrozenwindoutside.Soafterdinnerwe73.____
stayathomesittingaroundafireandlisteningtoGrandpa74.____
tellhisexperiencesinSecondWorldWar.Infactthey75.____
soundedfamiliartous,sowewerestilllisteningattentively76.____
soastomakehimbehappy.NowandthenweaskedGrandpa77.____
somequestions,thatheansweredinahumorousway.We78.____
burstoutlaughingfromtimetotimeandhelaughedtoo.79.____
Fullofjoy,weallfeltespeciallywarminthecoldevening.80.____

10.AsisknowntoallthattheInternetisplaying76________
amoreandmoreimportantpartonourdailylife.77________
Onit,wecannotonlyreadnewsathomeorabroad78_________
butalsogetmuchinformationaspossible.Forinstance,79_________
weareoftensende-mailsormaketelephonecalls80_______
toourfamiliesaswellasourfriends.However,81_______
wecangotoschoolonthenet,readdifferent82_______
kindofbooksandeventeachourselvesEnglish.We83_______
canalsoenjoymusic,watchingsportsandplaycomputer84________
games.Wecanevendoshoppingwithoutleftourhomes.85_______

11.DearXiaohua,
ItisfourdayssinceMotheracceptedtheoperation.76.__________
Sheisfeelingmuchmorebetter.Thedoctorstoldme77.__________
theoperationwassuccessful,butbecauseheroldage78.__________
shehadtostayinhospitalforothertwoweeks.The79.__________
doctorsalsosayitwasquitenecessaryforherto80.__________
doso.Weexpecttogetafullreportintwoandthree81.__________
days.Pleasetellthegoodnewstotherestoffamily82.__________
asfastaspossible.Youneedntcomehere.Im83.__________
abletolookafterMotherbymyself.Youdbetter84.__________
sendflowerstoMother.Shewillfeelhappily.85.__________
Yours,
Xiaohui

12.DearLiXiaojun,
Imgladtoreceiveyourletter.Idliketodiscusstheproblem76.
withyou.Itistruethatsomevideogamesisgoodforyour77.
thinkingabilityandtheycansometimesmakeyoufeltrelaxed78.
Therefore,youarespendingtoomuchtimeonthat.79.
Youarenotlittleboyanymore.Youshouldlearntocontrolyourself.80.
Whynottotrytofinishyourhomeworkfirsteveryday81.
andthenspendalittletimeplaysomevideogames.Ithink,82.
likeastudent,themostimportantthingistostudyhardatschool.83.
Youshouldtryyourbesttogetgoodgradeinyour84.
subjectsandtrytobecomeausefulpersonforthefuture85.
Yours,
Editor

13.Ihaveaveryembarrassingexperiencethisevening.76.________
IsawamanatabusstopwhenIwasonmywayback77.________
home.ThoughIsawhimfrombehind,butIwassurehewas78.________
afriendofminewhomIhadntseenhimforalongtime.Igave79.________
himatapontheshoulderswithmyumbrellaandshoutedto80.________
himatthesametime.Heturnedround,completelytakingby81.________
surprise.Unfortunately,hewasmyfriendbutacomplete82.________
stranger.Hewasterriblyembarrassed,forIdidntknow83.________
howtoexplainhim.Icouldonlysayinalowvoice,"Imso84.________
sorry,sir."AfterthatIwalkedawayasquicklyaspossibly.85.________

14.Onecoldwinterdayin1900,asmallboycalling1.________
CharlieChaplinwalkingalongthestreetinLondon.2.________
Hedidnothavebreakfastandlunch.Hewantedto3.________
buysomebread,andhedidnthaveanymoney.4.________
Hisfatherdeadwhenhewasveryyoung.His5.________
motherwasoftenverysick,soshecouldnottake6.________
careofCharlieorhisbrother.Allofthemhadto7.________
worktohelptheirsickmother.
Hewasasmallboybuthisdreamwasnotverybig.8.________
Hewantedtobegreatmanintheworldoffilm.So9.________
heworkedveryhardtosinganddancedwell.10.________

Answers:
1-5informations-information;German-Germany;family-home;father-father’s;hearts-heart;6-10size-sizes;aplace;刪除a;an-a;刪除a
11-15agoodtime;athree-day;that后加it;think后加it;them-it;
16-20showed后加it;think后加it;control后加it;me-myself;us-ourselves;
21-25punish后加me;that-which;刪除it;some-any;where-which;
26-30刪除it;when-that;them-which;刪除he;neither-either;
31-35that-what;what-that;What-How;that-whether;any后加other;
36-40much-many;each-every;A-One;possibly-possible;particular-particularly;
41-45too-either;too-so;such-as;clear-clearly;terribly-terrible;
46-50well-much;specially-special;was后加not;great-greatly;comfortable-comfortably;
51-55honesty-honest;easy-easier;is后加more;worthy-worth;straightly-straight;
56-60interested-interesting;ago-before;刪除much;won’t-don’t;It后加was;
61-65habits后加do;caught-hadFollowing-Follow;rush-rushed;can后加to;
66-70see-sees;moving-moves;think-Thinking;watch-watching;remained-remaining;
71-75ran-run;drove-drive;reads-read;attend-attending;it-there;
76-80not后加being;talks-talking;Filling-Filled;to后加be;cost-take;
81-85have-be;Hope-Wish;encouraging-encourage;In-On;In-After;
86-90刪除on;out后加ofnotice后加of;刪除into;刪除for
91-95刪除about;because后加of;skate后加on;刪除at;with-for;
96-100as-than;刪除back;刪除but;刪除so;刪除and;
單句改錯(cuò)（下列句子各有兩處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)改正）
1.something-anything;enter-entering;2.For-To;刪除who;3.think后加about;home后加to;4.prepare-preparing;myself-me;5.刪除in;anything-everything;6.myself-my;to-for;7.great-greatly;do-did;8.learning-learn;minds-mind;9.get-got;a-an;10.year-years;刪除a;11.刪除for;can-could;12.刪除on;loudly-loud;13.刪除and;finishing-finished;14.interesting-interested;into后加the;15.That-It;difficulty-difficult;16.send-sent;刪除in;17.can-could;lonely-alone;18.step-stepped;刪除them;19.刪除and;papers-paper;20.kinds后加of;minute-minutes;21.got后加to;traveling;22.Under-With;progresses-progress;23.刪除on;stood-standing;24.With后加the;for-with;25.much-too;lately-late;26.刪除to;where-that;27.刪除of;harm后加to;28.certainly-certain;will后加be;29.which-that;have后加a;30.刪除but;noisy-noise
三．短文改錯(cuò).
⑴76.√77.in---at78.but---and79.see---saw80.made---make81.∧and/so82they—she83.concert—concerts84.Sadly85.the
⑵76．job77．去掉been78．a(chǎn)79．experience80．received81．去掉was/加who82．your-my83．√84．read85．really
⑶76.trains改為train77.去掉piece。78.pass改為passes。79.important前加an
80.such改為so。81.此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。82.wait改為waited。83.lately改為late。84.to改為with。85.importance改為important。
⑷76.in--on77a/78was79right80.atthe/my81that--whether/if82secretly83.served84waiting85.reason
⑸76．there改為where77．a(chǎn)lone改為lonely78．days改為day79．used改為usedto80．All改為Both81．but改為and82．easy改為easier83．無(wú)錯(cuò)84．去掉of85．smoke改為smoking
⑹1.Have改為had2.them去掉3.late改為later4.正確5.asked后加a
6.minute改為minutes7.How改為What8.surprising改為surprised
9.What后加do10.speak改為say
⑺76.To—In77.Travel—Travelin978.comfortably--comfortable79.Unless--If
80.safety--safe81.正確82.was—is83.can后加not84.去掉to85.or--and
⑻76.accepted→received77.in→of78.difficulty→difficult79.去掉and80.對(duì)
81.things后加that82.it→them83.But→So84.去掉to85.for→to
⑼71.left-leaving72.none-neither73.froze-freezing74.stay-stayed75.in后面加the76.so-but/yet77.be去掉78.that-which79.正確80.in-on
⑽76.As→It77.on→in78.or→and79.get⌒muchas80.are81.However→Besides82.∨83.kind→kinds84.watching→watch85.left→leaving
⑾76.accepted→received77.去掉more,78.because后加of,79.other→another80.say→said81.and→or兩,三天用twoorthreedays.82.family前加the這里特指家庭的其他成員.
83.fast→soonfast指動(dòng)作的迅速,soon指時(shí)間"盡快地".84.√85.happily→happy
⑿76.√77.is→are78.felt→feel79.Therefore→However80.∧little→aalittleboy81.去掉not后的to82.play→playing83.like→as84.grade→grades"分?jǐn)?shù)",85.for→in
⒀76.have→had77.√78去掉but79.去掉him80.shoulders→shoulder81.taking→taken82.was后加not83.He→I84.explain后加to
⒁1.calling—called2.walking前加was3.and—or4.and—but5.dead—died6.√7.All—Both8.去掉not9.great前加a10.danced—dance

高考英語(yǔ)精品復(fù)習(xí)：短文改錯(cuò)

高考英語(yǔ)精品復(fù)習(xí)：短文改錯(cuò)

短文改錯(cuò)是一項(xiàng)主要測(cè)試考生的判斷能力，觀察能力、糾錯(cuò)能力語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)及語(yǔ)言的綜合運(yùn)用能力。短文改錯(cuò)的趨勢(shì)：1.改錯(cuò)短文以記敘文和說(shuō)明文為主。2.文章內(nèi)容貼近學(xué)生生活，沒(méi)有生僻詞匯和復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)，文章簡(jiǎn)單易懂，錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置也很簡(jiǎn)單，多為學(xué)生平常作文中常出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。3.短文一般100詞左右，錯(cuò)誤有9處。4.常見錯(cuò)有三種:錯(cuò)詞、多詞、缺詞。錯(cuò)詞占60%左右1.錯(cuò)詞2.多詞3.缺詞4.正錯(cuò)錯(cuò)詞多詞缺詞正錯(cuò)2007年全國(guó)卷I71112007年全國(guó)卷II高考資源網(wǎng)71112007年陜西卷I6211

一．錯(cuò)詞的熱點(diǎn)1．動(dòng)詞—時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)非謂語(yǔ)；主謂關(guān)系。2．聯(lián)系詞—關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞；連詞；連接詞。3．名詞—可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)名字的單復(fù)數(shù)變化。4．介詞—介詞和動(dòng)詞的搭配錯(cuò)誤。5．形容詞/副詞—詞類錯(cuò)用。6．冠詞—定冠詞和不定冠詞的錯(cuò)用。7．代詞—人稱代詞；物主代詞；反身代詞。8．慣用法—固定句型，固定短語(yǔ)。二．多詞和缺詞熱點(diǎn)1.冠詞2.介詞3.副詞4.代詞5.關(guān)聯(lián)詞6.小品詞to

1.語(yǔ)言材料取自于學(xué)生的習(xí)作。

2.短文為貼近學(xué)生生活的話題或?qū)W生身邊事。

3.短文難度符合學(xué)生水平。

4.語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)單易懂。

5.沒(méi)有生僻的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象或繁難的語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)。

一．錯(cuò)詞1.動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤：（1）時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致的錯(cuò)誤。整體時(shí)態(tài)：*ThenIaskhim“Grandma,howcomeyouhavesomuchlinesonyourhand”全文為故事，故ask改為asked。*Highoverthewater,theydiscoveraholeintheballoon.Theholebecamebiggerandbigger.全篇使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故改discover--discovered主謂一致

*Havingfunwiththeirfriendsmakethemhappy.動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式makes。*Butthemostwonderfulthingaboutjackwerehismusicalability。主語(yǔ)為themostwonderfulthing故此，系詞為was*Butnotallinformationaregoodtosociety.主語(yǔ)不可數(shù)，所以動(dòng)詞用is。（2.）動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤：*InAmericanbigcities,thousandssellticketstowatchfootballorbasketballgames.(buy)根據(jù)句子意思，數(shù)千人買票去看比賽。故sell改為buy。（3）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞錯(cuò)誤

*Iamlookingforwardtoseeallofyouagaininthenearfuture.(seeing)解析：to為介詞，故此see改為seeing*Notonlyplayfootballmakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogivesusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.解析：主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為動(dòng)名詞，故playfootball改為playingfootball現(xiàn)在分詞

*Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingdown.解析：分詞做定語(yǔ)，故keeps改為keeping*Ifoundasmallhousestandinginafieldwithalightshonefromthesittingroom.解析：withalightshone改為withalightshining。alight和shining為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。不定式

*Ijustwanttothankyouforhelpingmebecomingadifferentperson.(become)解析：helpsbdosth故改becoming為become*Hedidnotwantsharethingswithothers.解析：wanttosharesth.want后可跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞*Ihavesomerecordsgivingtomeasbirthdaygifts.解析：havesthdone,somerecords和give是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故改為given。2．連詞錯(cuò)誤：*Icameintothelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbutturnonthelight.解析：根據(jù)句意，“我看到他們中的一個(gè)人走進(jìn)廚房，并且打開燈?！眱蓚€(gè)分句子之間是并列關(guān)系。故改but為and*Wewouldreturnatnighttohearthathe`dpickedupfromtheradiointheday.解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句，pickup缺賓語(yǔ)，故改that為what*Theclasseshelpedmeunderstandwhattheworldworks解析：根據(jù)句子意思，“這些課程有助于我了解世界是怎么運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的”故改what為how。*Hewassilentforamoment.Soheansweredslowly:“Eachoftheselinesstandsforatrouble”解析：根據(jù)句子意思，So改為Then/And3.形容詞/副詞錯(cuò)用：*Youalwaysgavemespeciallyattention.

解析：名詞應(yīng)該被形容詞special修飾。*Itisrealagoodchancetohavemetallofyouhere.解析：副詞really修飾系詞，故改real為really。*Myhometownhastakenonanewlook.Howgreatithaschanged!解析：great修飾動(dòng)詞，故改為：greatly4.冠詞錯(cuò)誤：*ThisismyfirstvisittoaAmericanfamily.(an)解析：American第一個(gè)音標(biāo)的音素是元音，故用an.*Eachplayermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.解析：有定語(yǔ)修飾，the特指captain.*Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.解析：固定搭配catchsightof.故此去掉冠詞a。5.代詞錯(cuò)誤：反身代詞*Ijustsmiledtomeandthought,…解析：主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)相同，故此me—myself。形容詞性物主代詞*Besides,theforeignteachershereworkhardandtryhisbesttomaketheactivitieslivelyandinteresting.(his--their)解析：主語(yǔ)是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，因此tryone`sbestit/that/them/us*Ithoughtthatwasdulltowatchagameinwhichplayerskickedaballtoeachother.解析：that不可以做形式主語(yǔ)，故改為it。*Itwasaboutnoonwhenwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.Thethreeofthemwereveryexcited.前后人稱錯(cuò)誤。故此改them為us.6.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和名詞的所有格的錯(cuò)誤*Shemarkedstrictlyonstudent`sperformance.(students`)解析：根據(jù)句意，學(xué)生們的表演，故改為students`performance*Physicsisoneofthemostdifficultsubjectforus(subjects)解析：oneof說(shuō)明后面為復(fù)數(shù)形式。*WepracticethreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTVtogether.解析：常常看比賽，故此match改為matches.*Ihavenopaperstowriteon.解析：紙不可數(shù)，所以改為paper7.介詞錯(cuò)誤*HeleftShanghaiatacoldnight.解析：一天的部分被修飾時(shí)，介詞用on,*Iamanewcomerofasmalltown.解析：根據(jù)句子意思，來(lái)自一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)comefromasmalltown.*Iwascaughtbytherainlastnight解析：固定短語(yǔ)becaughtintherain遇上雨。8.語(yǔ)意錯(cuò)誤*Thousandssellticketstowatchfootballorbasketballgames.解析：句子意思：數(shù)千人賣掉票去看足球或者籃球比賽。故此錯(cuò)誤，sell—buy*Notallpeopleliketoworkandeveryoneliketoplay.解析：句子意思：并非所有的人都喜歡工作，并且所有的人喜歡玩。語(yǔ)意錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)該為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，and—but二．多余詞高考資源網(wǎng)

多詞一般為：冠詞/連詞/介詞/系詞be助詞等。連詞多余：*Theydidnotwantbreakfastbecausethattheyweregoingoutearlyinthemorning.解析：連詞多余，故此去掉(that)，原句是狀語(yǔ)從句。介詞多余：*ThecrowdwaitingfortogreettheminEnglandwasverysurprised.(for)解析：沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，所以去掉for。冠詞多余：*SuddenlyIcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.解析：固定短語(yǔ)，catchsightof:偶然看見。系詞/助詞多余：*Mymotherwasasked:“Haveyoutakenmedicine?”解析：根據(jù)句意，是媽媽問(wèn)：故為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。三：缺詞

缺詞一般為：冠詞/連詞/介詞/系詞be助詞/缺介詞*Hewaslookingforaglass^thecupboard(in)解析：根據(jù)句意，inthecupboard做狀語(yǔ)。缺冠詞*However,thepopularteacherisat^sametimetheonewhoshouldbestrictwithstudents.(the)解析：形容詞same和the搭配使用,故給same前加the。缺連接詞

*Inoneclass,Ilearned^itrained(why)解析：根據(jù)句子意思可知，缺連接詞，句意為：“在一節(jié)課上，我知道了下雨的原因”。缺系詞

*What^yourfavoritesport?(is)解析：句子中缺系詞，在What加is.

此題要求改正所給短文中的錯(cuò)誤對(duì)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行做出判斷，如無(wú)錯(cuò)誤，在刻行右邊橫線上畫一個(gè)勾（√）；如有錯(cuò)誤（每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤），則按下列情況改正；該行多一個(gè)詞：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉，在該行在邊橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線劃掉。

該行缺一詞：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。

該行錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞：在錯(cuò)的詞下面劃一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞

注意：原行沒(méi)能錯(cuò)的不要改

Passage1

　MissChina

GuanQi,a21-years-oldcollegestudentfromJilin高考資源網(wǎng)1.______高考資源網(wǎng)Province,hadwontheMissChina2003beautypageant2.______

inSanya,HainanProvince,onSeptember21.3.______Besidesjudgedontheirlooks,the32competitors4.______

weretestedontheirwriteability,Englishskills,5._______

team-workandgenerallyknowledge.MissGuanQi6._______

impressedthejudgeswhopresentwithherexcellent7._______

repliesduringthequestionoranswersection.Shewill8._______represent(代表)ChineseinthefinalofMissWorld9._______

tobeholdinginSanyaonDecember6.10._______Passage2

　TodayIshowedsomeforeignfriendaroundourcity.1.________

WestartedoffincarfromtheFriendshipHotelat8:00a.m.2._______

WefirstgottoJinshanPark.Weareallstruckbyits3._______

beautifulflowersonshow.Then,wevisitedtheCityMuseum.4._______

Wesawplentyofvaluablethings,fromthatwelearnedalot5.______

aboutthecity.Afterthat,theydrovetoJinshanTemple.Thatis6._______

abeautifulplaceofinterestinourcity,butthereweenjoyed7._______

thewonderfullysceneryofthesea.Wehadadeliciouslunchatthe8._______

seafoodRestaurantandwereturnedbackatnoon..Alltheforeign9.______

friendswerepleasedwithmyarrangement.Wedidhavethe10_____

wonderfultimetoday.

Passage3

DearMr.Brown,

Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.1______

Beforeyoucametoteachus,Ihadnotinterestin2______

English.Mypronunciationwasterribly.Icould3_____

onlyspeakafewwords.Butoneandahalfyearlater,4_____

InowthinkEnglishfuntolearn.Igotalotfromyour5____

encouragingwords.Iwillalwaysrememberwhatyou6.____

said,“Ifyoutryto,youcanbeNo1!”Ihopeyou`ve7____

hadpleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometochina8_____

againsometimesinthefuture.Iwillwriteagain9_____

andsendyouthephotoswetaketogether10______

passage4

Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhile1_____

Studyingatschool.Oneofthemwasthat2_____

theycanearnmoney.Forthemostpart,3______

studentsworkingtoearnmoneyfortheirown4____

use.Earningtheirownmoneyallowthem5_____

tospendonanythingasiftheyplease.6_____

theywouldhavetoasktheirparentsfor7____

moneyorforpermissiontodothingsby8____

themoney.Somestudentsmayalsotosave9____

upforourcollegeorfutureuse.10______

passage5

DearMr.Brown,

Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.1___

Beforeyoucametoteachus,Ihadnotinterestin2_____

English.Mypronunciationwasterribly.Icould3____

onlyspeakafewwords.Butoneandahalfyearlater,4____

InowthinkEnglishfuntolearn.Igotalotfromyour5___

encouragingwords.Iwillalwaysrememberwhatyou6____

said,“Ifyoutryto,youcanbeNo1!”Ihopeyou`ve___

hadpleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometochina___

againsometimesinthefuture.Iwillwriteagain9____

andsendyouthephotoswetaketogether10____

passage6

DearAnish,

HerearetheinformationaboutManchesterUniversity1.______

Itisabout200milesfarawayfromLondonandit2______

hasaverybigschoolyard.Youcanliveintheschool3____

orneartheschool.Theyhaveallsortsofcourse.4______

I`msureyouwillfindoneyoulikeit.Iknowyou5___

areparticularinterestedinhumanrights.SoIwill6____

seethatthereisanythingontheirwebsite7____

IwillsendmyfriendCharliemeetyouattheairport8____

whenyouarrived.Youmethimafewyearsago,buthe9___

haschangedalotsincethen.BothyourauntorIlook10___

forwardtoseeingyouagain.

passage7

DearRalph,

I’maseniorstudent.Ihavebeinlovewithaboy　1______

forthreeyears.

Butheisashyboy,soIwrotehimaletterfirstly　2._______

toexpressmyfeeling.Andhewroteback.Inhisletter　3______

hesaid,“Wearestudents.Ourtaskisstudy.Letuswait　4________

toseeuntilwehaveanychanceaftergraduation.”So　5.______

aftergraduationIcalledtohim,askinghimabout　6.________

goout.Buthesaidhedidn’twantto.Hejust　7.________

wantedtosleepandwatchedTV.　8._______

WhatdoyouthinkIshoulddo?Doyouthink　9.______

Ishouldcontinuetolovehimandgiveup?　10______

Sheila

Passage8

Myhometownisaprettycity,sopeoplethere1._____________

arekindandpolite.Withcomingofspring,grassand2._____________

treesturngreen,andflowersgrewinmanycolors.3______________

Insummer,theseaundertheblueskyisevenmore4______________

beautiful.Afterautumnarrives,thecitylooksas5._____________

anoldmanwithleavesfallenfromthetrees.Inwinter,6._____________

alotofwhitebirdscometomycityforfood.Ican7._____________

waitmorepatientlyabovetheseaforquitealong8.______________

time.Whiletheyfindfishcomingtothesurface,9._____________

theyflydownimmediateandcatchthemwithout10.______________

delay.Thatismycity,andIloveitsomuch.

passage9

Deardoctor,

MynameisWangLin.I’mamiddleschoolstudent.Ihave

aproblemandI’mwritingtoaskyouforsomeadvices.1._________

I’mjust1.57metershigh,andmyweightis71kilos.Many2.__________

Studentsoftenmakefunme.Someboysareunfriendlytome.3._________

Theycalledme“MeatBall”.Thatmakesmefeelunhappy.4._________

I’mnowworryaboutmyweight.ThoughIamabittoofat,I5.__________

feelrathergood.Ienjoymymeals.Iloveeatingmeatvery6._________

much.AndIlikesweetfood,either.Ioftenhavesugarwith7._________

tea,milk,porridge,andevenhotwater.Inthepasttwomonths8._________

Ihaveputoff5kilos.I’mworriedaboutthisproblem,9.__________

butIdon’tknowwhattoloseweightquickly.Pleasehelpme,10_________

deardoctor!Ihopetohearfromyouassoonaspossible.

Withbestwishes,

WangLin

Passage10

Women，presentandancient，atthehomeand1．______
abroad,wearlonghair,thataddstotheirbeauty．Butfew2．______
peoplerealizeitaffectsherbrains．Hairgrowsconstantly．3．______
Ittakesinnourishment(營(yíng)養(yǎng))constantly．Ifitwasshort4．______
ofnourishment,it’lldieandfallsoff．Bodysupplieshairwith5．______
nourishment,itcan’tbestoppedeveninaminutes．Ifittakesin6．______
toomany,thatmeanshairhasalreadyusedtoomuch7．______
nourishmentwhichbodygivesittothehead．Astimepasses，8．______
brainisrelativelyshortofnourishment．Itleadsdizziness9．______
(頭昏)．Thereforeone’sbrainswillbeweakened．10．______

Passage11

It’seasytogodownhillthantoclimbuphill：soit’s1．____
easiertofallintobadhabitsthanintogoodone2．____
Badhabitsdon’tcomesuddenly．Itcomelittleby3．____
little．Schoolboysfirstpicksupalittleinschoolandon4．____
thestreets．Whentheycannotwritetheirhomework，they5．____
copyfromtheirschoolmate．Iftheyseebiggerboys6．____
smoking，theyalsowantlearntosmoke．Whenthey7．____
getbigger，thehabitsbecomestrongeror8．____
stronger，sothattheycannotlongergetridof9．____
them．Whatnecessaryitisthatwegetridofthebad10．____
habitsinthebeginning！

Passage12

FredandIhaven’tmanyincommon.Isometimes　1.__________

wonderwhywewerefriendsatall.Fredis　2.__________

alwaysbusymakethings.Everythinghemakesis　3.__________

soperfectthatIsometimefeelenvyathisskill.4.__________

MytroubleisthatI’moneofthoselazypeople.5.__________

Outsidemyworkattheoffice,theonlythingwhich　6.__________

interestsmeislisteningtothemusic.Ihavea7.__________

bigcollectionofrecordsbutalldaylongthe8.__________

onlythingIcanthinkiswhenI’mgoingto　9.__________

gethomelistentoanewpiece.10.__________

passage13

Marywasanuniversitystudent.Shedidn’thavemuch1____

moneyandherparentswerenotrich,andshehadanuncle2.____

whohadbeenfortunatelyenoughtocollectgreatwealth.3.____

HealwaysgivehervaluableChristmasandbirthdaypresents.4.____

Whenheruncle’sbirthdaycameround,Marywantedbuyhim5.____

somethingreallyspecial,butbecauseshewasrich,shedidnot6.____

knowhowtogethim.Shewentintothebestshopinher7.____

townandexplainedwhatherproblemwastooneofhelpful8.____

shopassistants.Finallysheasked,“Whatdoyouhavefor9.____

someonewhohasalreadygoteverythinghewantsorneeds.10

Theassistantsigheddeeplyandanswered,“Envy,onlyenvy.”

Pasasage14

Astheworldentersthe21stcentury,thedevelopmentinthe1_____

scienceandtechnologywillbringusmuchmorenewhopesand2_____

chancewe`veneverimaginedbefore.Peoplearehopinghave3_____

apeacefullyandhighlydevelopedworld.Tocatchupwith4_____

thenewdevelopmentandtobesuccessinthenewcenturythe5____

youngergenerationisrequiredtohavedifferentkindofskills6____

andabilities,suchlikethecomputerscienceandtheEnglish7____

language.Otherwiseonewillbeleftbehind.Youngpeopleshould8____

studyevenhardatschoolandpreparethemselvesmentally9____
andphysicallytomeetwiththechallengeofthenewcentury10____

Passage15

MarkTwainwasborninasmalltownofHorid.Whenheisonly1___

twelveyearsold,hisfatherdied.Latehebecameariverboatpilot.2_____

MarkTwainwasherpenname.DuringtheAmericanCivilWar3_____

Heworkedasareporterandwritealotofstories.Graduallyhe4____

madehismarkandhisworkwerepopular.Hebecameoneofthe5_____

bestknownwriterofthe19thcenturyintheU.S.A.Inhislife6____

MarkTwainwrotethenumberofstoriesandnovels,onwhich7____

“AdventureofTomSawyer”isthemostfamousone.Hiswritings8____

havebeentranslatedtomanyotherlanguages,andtheyare9_____

deeplylovebythereadersallovertheworld.10___

KEY:1　

1.21-years-old-----21-year-old2.hadwon-------won3.√4.∧judged------being5.written------writing6.generally-----general7.去掉who或who∧---were8.or-----and9.Chinese----China10.holding----heldKEY2

1.friend-friends2.in–by3.are—were4right5.that—which6.they-we7.but—and8.wondefully—wonderful9back/10the—a

KEY3

1.with—for2.not—no3terribly—terrible4.years—years5.is6

Right7./to8a9sometimes—sometime10take–took

KEY4

Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhile___advantages

Studyingatschool.Oneofthemwasthatis

theycanearnmoney.Forthemostpart,

studentsworkingtoearnmoneyfortheirownwork

use.Earningtheirownmoneyallowthemallows

tospendonanythingasiftheyplease.╱if

theywould∧havetoasktheirparentsfornot

moneyorforpermissiontodothingsbywith

themoney.Somestudentsmayalsotosave/to

upforourcollegeorfutureuse.their

KEY5

DearMr.Brown,

Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.for

Beforeyoucametoteachus,Ihadnotinterestinno

English.Mypronunciationwasterribly.Icouldterrible

onlyspeakafewwords.Butoneandahalfyearlater,years

InowthinkEnglish∧funtolearn.Igotalotfromyouris

encouragingwords.Iwillalwaysrememberwhatyouright

said,“Ifyoutryto,youcanbeNo1!”Ihopeyou`ve/to

had∧pleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometochinaa

againsometimesinthefuture.Iwillwriteagainsometime

andsendyouthephotoswetaketogethertook

KEY6

DearAnish,

HerearetheinformationaboutManchesterUniversity.___is___

Itisabout200milesfarawayfromLondonandit___far___

hasaverybigschoolyard.Youcanliveintheschool__right__

orneartheschool.Theyhaveallsortsofcourse.___courses___

I`msureyouwillfindoneyoulikeit.Iknowyou__it__

areparticularinterestedinhumanrights.SoIwill___particularly__

seethatthereisanythingontheirwebsite___if/whether__

IwillsendmyfriendCharliemeetyouattheairport_to___

whenyouarrived.Youmethimafewyearsago,buthe__arrive_

haschangedalotsincethen.BothyourauntorIlook__and_

forwardtoseeingyouagain.

Key7

DearRalph,

I’maseniorstudent.Ihavebeinlovewithaboy　1　been　

forthreeyears.

Butheisashyboy,soIwrotehimaletterfirstly　2.　first　

toexpressmyfeeling.Andhewroteback.Inhisletter3.feelings

hesaid,“Wearestudents.Ourtaskisstudy.Letuswait　4.to/studying

toseeuntilwehaveanychanceaftergraduation.”So　5.if/whether

aftergraduationIcalledtohim,askinghimabout　6.to

goout.Buthesaidhedidn’twantto.Hejust　7.going

wantedtosleepandwatchedTV.　8.watch

WhatdoyouthinkIshoulddo?Doyouthink　9.√　

Ishouldcontinuetolovehimandgiveup?　10.or

Sheila

Key8

1.so--and2.thecoming3.grew---grow4.right5.as--like6fallen--falling7.I--They8.去掉more9.While—When10.immediate---immediately

Key9

1advices–advice2and—but3of4called–call5worry—worried6good–well7either–too8right9off–on10what–how

Key10

1．去掉the2．that─which3．her─their4．was─is5．falls─fall6．minutes--minute
7．many─much8．去掉it9lead后加to10．√
Key11

1．Easy--easier2．(one)-ones3．It--They4．picks-pick5．right6．Schoolmate-schoolmates7．tolearn93．or--and9.not--no10．What-How
Key12
1)many--much　2)were--are3)make--making4)sometime--sometimes　5)right　6)which–that7)去掉the8)but--and9)think后加about10)listen前加to

Key13

1.an—a2and—but3fortunately—fortunate4give—gave5tobuy6.she—he7how-what8thehelpful.9assistant--assistants10right

Key14

1.inthescience–inscience2.much—many3.hopingto4.peacefully-peacful5.success—successful6.kind—kinds7.like—as8right9hard—harder10去掉with

Key15

1is—was2Late-later3.her—his4.write—wrote5work—works6.writer—writers

7.the—a8.right9to—into10.loved

古詩(shī)鑒賞題解題方法講練

一名優(yōu)秀的教師在每次教學(xué)前有自己的事先計(jì)劃，作為教師就要在上課前做好適合自己的教案。教案可以讓學(xué)生更容易聽懂所講的內(nèi)容，幫助教師能夠井然有序的進(jìn)行教學(xué)。那么如何寫好我們的教案呢？下面是由小編為大家整理的“古詩(shī)鑒賞題解題方法講練”，僅供參考，希望能為您提供參考！

古詩(shī)鑒賞題解題方法講練

一、分點(diǎn)指導(dǎo)
1、怎樣鑒賞古詩(shī)的形象？
詩(shī)歌的形象主要表現(xiàn)為意象或意境，它或者是物，或者是人，或者是完整的場(chǎng)景，更多的時(shí)候是把物和人、景和情融合在一起。分析詩(shī)歌形象即指分析這些“象”的個(gè)性特征，特別是分析它的象征意義。如鄭思肖的《寒菊》：“花開不并百花叢，獨(dú)立疏籬趣未窮。寧可枝頭抱香死，何曾吹落北風(fēng)中?！彼憩F(xiàn)的就是菊花孤傲、清高、堅(jiān)持理想和信仰的高尚品格，象征了抒情主人公高潔的情懷。再如2003年北京春季考題列出了韋應(yīng)物的《聞雁》和趙嘏的《寒塘》，然后要求簡(jiǎn)答：這兩首詩(shī)為什么都寫到雁？這就需要我們對(duì)詩(shī)中雁的形象有正確的理解：雁是候鳥，春秋遷徒，它在秋天奮力飛回故巢的景象每每牽動(dòng)游子的思鄉(xiāng)之情。因此詩(shī)人常常借雁抒情，寄寓自己濃濃的鄉(xiāng)愁。
所以鑒賞古詩(shī)的形象就是抓取“象”的基本特征，既而指出它的人文意義。
2、怎樣鑒賞古詩(shī)的語(yǔ)言？
主要可從這樣幾個(gè)方面來(lái)分析：音韻的流動(dòng)，練字的技巧，語(yǔ)言的風(fēng)格等。
鑒賞音韻的流動(dòng)主要指古詩(shī)的平仄和押韻。
評(píng)析練字技巧就是指出用字的獨(dú)特之處和它的表達(dá)效果。如“鳥宿池邊樹，僧敲月下門”，“敲”字以動(dòng)襯靜，突出表現(xiàn)了月夜的幽靜；再如“紅杏枝頭春意鬧”，“鬧”字以擬人格形象地表現(xiàn)了春意盎然的景象。
古詩(shī)語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格豐富多樣，主要有平淡、質(zhì)樸、自然、輕靈、飄逸、雅正、通俗、風(fēng)趣、幽默、奔放、含蓄、蘊(yùn)藉等。
3、怎樣鑒賞古詩(shī)的表達(dá)技巧？
表達(dá)技巧比較多樣，從修辭角度來(lái)看，常見的有比喻（半畝方塘一鑒開，天光云影共徘徊）、夸張（白發(fā)三千丈，緣愁似個(gè)長(zhǎng)）、比擬（相看兩不厭，只有敬亭山）、對(duì)偶（大漠孤煙直，長(zhǎng)河落日?qǐng)A）、對(duì)比（朱門酒肉臭，路有凍死骨）、雙關(guān)（粉身碎骨渾不怕，要留清白在人間）、反問(wèn)（出師一表真名世，千載誰(shuí)堪伯仲間？）等；從表達(dá)方式來(lái)看，有寫景、狀物、敘事、議論、抒情、言志、場(chǎng)面描寫、細(xì)節(jié)描寫等；從表現(xiàn)手法來(lái)看，有借景抒精、托物言志、寓情于景、情景交融、直抒胸臆、虛實(shí)結(jié)合、想象、襯托、用典、象征等。
鑒賞時(shí)，應(yīng)抓住技巧運(yùn)用的主要特點(diǎn)作答，如上面所舉鄭思肖《寒菊》詩(shī)，便是運(yùn)用托物言志的手法，表達(dá)了詩(shī)人自己如菊的情懷。
二、技巧方法例析
（1）表達(dá)的過(guò)程要完整
一種感悟、一份情感，它的表達(dá)，一定有一個(gè)過(guò)程。我們?cè)诒磉_(dá)這種感悟、情感時(shí)，一定要把過(guò)程講清楚。如“請(qǐng)分析《鳥鳴澗》（2001年春季高考題）一詩(shī)春山月夜圖”這樣的一個(gè)題目，我們就要在月出前的“人閑”、“花落”，到月出后“鳥鳴”這一過(guò)程中來(lái)分析。
詩(shī)歌賞析的一般的步驟是敘、析、評(píng)?！皵ⅰ奔锤爬ǖ匾鲈?；“析”就是作過(guò)程的簡(jiǎn)析；“評(píng)”就是旗幟鮮明的亮出觀點(diǎn)。
?。?）按要求回答，重點(diǎn)明確
題目要求你回答什么，你就回答什么，要求你分析意境、環(huán)境描寫、語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)、修辭運(yùn)用，等等，一定要看清，看清了，表達(dá)才能有的放矢，重點(diǎn)明確。
?。?）表達(dá)要流暢
　表達(dá)流暢，一是指文句通暢，二是指先后有序，三是反映用語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)確、表達(dá)到位。只要真正地理解了，表達(dá)流暢應(yīng)該是能做到的。
例題示講
例1
觀滄海曹操
東臨碣石，以觀滄海。水何澹澹，山島竦峙。樹木叢生，百草豐茂。秋風(fēng)蕭瑟，洪波涌起。日月之行，若出其中；星漢燦爛，若出其里。幸甚至哉，歌以詠志。
1．整體鑒賞：抓住詩(shī)眼、知人論世、推己及人
（一）把握內(nèi)容（寫什么內(nèi)容）：寫登山觀海的寬闊雄偉的景象
（二）把握感情（抒什么感情）表現(xiàn)了曹操壯闊的胸襟、叱咤風(fēng)云的氣概和宏遠(yuǎn)的政治抱負(fù)。
（三）把握技巧（用什么方法）
修辭手法：互文、夸張
表達(dá)方式：虛實(shí)結(jié)合、寓情于景、情景交融
表現(xiàn)手法：照應(yīng)、正襯、反襯
例2
使至塞上（唐）王維
單車欲問(wèn)邊，屬國(guó)過(guò)居延。征蓬出漢塞，歸雁入胡天。
大漠孤煙直，長(zhǎng)河落日?qǐng)A。蕭關(guān)逢侯騎，都戶在燕然。
1、“蓬草”在古代詩(shī)文中一般比喻什么？（故鄉(xiāng)水；詩(shī)人自己）
詩(shī)中的“征蓬”表達(dá)了詩(shī)人什么感情？（懷念故鄉(xiāng)，熱愛故鄉(xiāng)。“蓬草”隨風(fēng)飛轉(zhuǎn)，古代文學(xué)常用它來(lái)比喻漂泊不定的行蹤）
2、尾聯(lián)用典流露了向往建功立業(yè)的心情，這個(gè)典故隱含在燕然兩個(gè)字中。
3、頸聯(lián)的“直”和“圓”兩字歷來(lái)為人稱道，說(shuō)說(shuō)這兩個(gè)字為什么用得好。
答：“直”和“圓”準(zhǔn)確地描寫了沙漠的景象，而且表現(xiàn)了作者深切感受。“直”字荒涼孤獨(dú)中透著挺拔雄偉，“圓”字蒼茫壯闊中顯現(xiàn)柔和溫暖。
①簡(jiǎn)介
唐開元十四年（公元726年），26歲的李白離開四川老家，沿長(zhǎng)江東下，開始了他一生中的第一次長(zhǎng)途游歷。李白這次出蜀，由水路乘船遠(yuǎn)行，經(jīng)巴渝，出三峽，直向荊門山駛?cè)?。目的是到湖南、湖北一帶楚?guó)故地游覽。
②簡(jiǎn)介
開元二十五年（737年）河西節(jié)度副大使崔西逸戰(zhàn)勝吐蕃，唐玄宗命王維以監(jiān)察御使的身份出塞宣尉，察訪軍情。這實(shí)際上是將王維排擠出朝廷。這首詩(shī)作于赴邊途中。
注：燕然：本是地名，即愛杭山，在今蒙古共和國(guó)境內(nèi)，因?yàn)闁|漢將軍竇憲大破匈奴，曾在燕然山刻石記功，所以后來(lái)以“燕然勒石“作為保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)、立功邊疆”的代稱。
例3
虞美人（五代）李煜
春花秋月何時(shí)了？往事知多少。小樓昨夜又東風(fēng)，故國(guó)不堪回首月明中。雕欄玉砌應(yīng)猶在，只是朱顏改。問(wèn)君能有幾多愁？恰似一江春水向東流。
把握內(nèi)容（寫什么內(nèi)容）寫作者面對(duì)美景懷念往昔帝王生活。
把握感情（抒什么感情）抒發(fā)物是人非，往事不堪回首的哀怨。
把握技巧（用什么方法）用了設(shè)問(wèn)、比喻手法。
1、請(qǐng)分析詞中“春花秋月”、“往事”、“故國(guó)”、“雕欄玉砌”、“朱顏改”的含義。
春花秋月：指美好的景物，但作為失國(guó)之君的李煜無(wú)心欣賞，討厭它的無(wú)盡無(wú)休。
往事：是指昔日尊貴的帝王生活。
故國(guó)：“故國(guó)”是指已滅亡的南唐。
雕欄玉砌：“雕欄玉砌”指代舊日的宮殿，用宮殿概括一切繁華美富的東西。
朱顏改：語(yǔ)含雙關(guān)，概括一切過(guò)往的人事，兼喻江山易主，物是人非。
2、為什么“問(wèn)君能有幾多愁？恰似一江春水向東流?！边@兩句倍受人稱道？
答：這兩句是以水喻愁的名句，用設(shè)問(wèn)和比喻的手法，形象地寫出了愁的彌漫、深濃、綿長(zhǎng)，表現(xiàn)了詞人內(nèi)心無(wú)盡的哀傷，既有深度，又有力度。
簡(jiǎn)介：作者李煜曾經(jīng)是顯赫的南唐后主，而作此詞時(shí)已是北宋的階下囚，因而詞中充溢著物是人非，往事不堪回首的哀怨。尤其是最后兩句以春水喻愁思廣為傳頌，此詞也因此被喻為“詞中之帝”。李煜在他41歲生日那天命人演奏《虞美人》，因?yàn)樵~中明言“故國(guó)”、“雕欄玉砌”，宋太宗聞知后，覺(jué)得他有故國(guó)之思，賜牽機(jī)藥毒死他。因此，這詞便成了李煜的絕筆。結(jié)尾用“問(wèn)君能有幾多愁？恰似一江春水向東流。”這一形象性的概括收束全篇，言有盡而意無(wú)窮。
例4
咸陽(yáng)城西樓晚眺（唐）許諢
一上高城萬(wàn)里愁，蒹葭楊柳似汀洲，溪云初起日沉閣，山雨欲來(lái)風(fēng)滿樓，
鳥下綠蕪秦苑夕，蟬鳴黃葉漢宮秋，行人莫問(wèn)當(dāng)年事，故國(guó)東來(lái)渭水流。
⑴填空：詩(shī)的起句中用一“__愁__”字，奠定全詩(shī)基調(diào)。詩(shī)人用低沉的筆觸，描繪咸陽(yáng)城傍晚時(shí)的景致，抒發(fā)蒼涼傷感的情懷。
⑵簡(jiǎn)答：頷聯(lián)寫云生日落，一陣涼風(fēng)吹來(lái)，雨勢(shì)迫在眉睫，現(xiàn)多用“山雨欲來(lái)風(fēng)滿樓”這一名句比喻什么？（現(xiàn)在多比喻重大事變即將發(fā)生前的緊張氣氛。）
⑶簡(jiǎn)答：頸聯(lián)兩句寫了作為何朝何代國(guó)都的咸陽(yáng)的何種景象？
描寫作為秦漢兩代故都的咸陽(yáng)，如今綠蕪遍地，黃葉滿林，蟲鳥凄鳴的蕭條景象。
⑷簡(jiǎn)答：尾聯(lián)“行人”即過(guò)客，也包括作者在內(nèi)，結(jié)句抒發(fā)了怎樣的感慨？
我聞咸陽(yáng)古城久矣，今日東來(lái)，所見唯“西風(fēng)吹渭水”令人產(chǎn)生歷史變遷無(wú)常的感慨。
跟蹤訓(xùn)練
閱讀古詩(shī)，回答文后問(wèn)題：
一、夏意蘇舜欽
別院深深夏席清，石榴開遍透簾明。
樹陰滿地日當(dāng)午，夢(mèng)覺(jué)流鶯時(shí)一聲。
[注]蘇舜欽；北宋詩(shī)人，主張改革，被削藉為民，于蘇州修建滄浪亭，隱居不仕，《夏意》作于此時(shí)。
1、有人說(shuō)這首詩(shī)題為“夏意”，全詩(shī)“無(wú)一句不切夏意”。第一句中的“夏”，點(diǎn)明時(shí)令，第二句中的____和第三句中的____不僅扣住詩(shī)題，更寫出了詩(shī)人生活環(huán)境的____的氣氛。優(yōu)美的意境，讀之仿佛微風(fēng)拂面。
2、你認(rèn)為這首詩(shī)表現(xiàn)了作者怎樣的心境呢？根據(jù)你的理解結(jié)合原詩(shī)，寫一段鑒賞性的文字，100字左右。
二、閱讀下面的詩(shī)歌，完成1-2各題。
玉樓春宋祁
東城漸覺(jué)風(fēng)光好，轂縐波紋迎客棹。綠楊煙外曉寒輕，紅杏枝頭春意鬧。
浮生長(zhǎng)恨歡娛少，肯愛千金輕一笑。為君持酒勸斜陽(yáng)，且向花間留晚照。
[注]①轂縐：即皺紗，喻水的波紋。②棹(zhuō)：船漿。③浮生：指飄浮無(wú)定的短暫人生。
1、對(duì)這首詞的詞句的理解，不恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是（）
A上片的前兩句，先點(diǎn)明地點(diǎn)和景物特點(diǎn)，接著用比喻和擬人寫水，用“棹”代船?！皾u覺(jué)”是春漸深、景更好的意思。
B上片后兩句，先寫遠(yuǎn)景，說(shuō)綠楊在曉霧彌漫之中，如煙縈繞，略呈寒意，后寫近景，以杏花的盛開托出春意之濃。
C下片前兩句意思是說(shuō)，浮生若夢(mèng)，苦多樂(lè)少，豈能吝惜金錢而輕易放棄這歡樂(lè)的瞬間呢？“肯愛”是“寧可喜愛”的意思。
D下片后兩句意思是說(shuō)，為了使這次春游盡興，我要為你舉杯敬勸斜陽(yáng)，請(qǐng)它暫且在花間留下夕陽(yáng)晚景。
2、“紅杏枝頭春意鬧”是傳誦千古的佳句，一個(gè)“鬧”字用得極其精妙，請(qǐng)用100左右的文字談?wù)勀愕睦斫狻?br> 三、結(jié)合注釋，閱讀下面這首詩(shī)，談?wù)勀銓?duì)這首詩(shī)所表現(xiàn)的意境的理解，100字左右。
聽張立本女吟高適
危冠廣袖楚宮妝①，獨(dú)步閑庭逐夜涼。自把玉釵敲砌竹②，清歌一曲③月如霜。
注：①“危冠廣袖”是一種高冠寬袖窄腰的南方的貴族女裝。②砌竹，階沿下的修竹，以釵擊節(jié)是唐宋人歌吟的習(xí)慣。③清歌一曲，即吟歌一首。
試題答案
一、[解題指導(dǎo)]此題主要也是考查對(duì)詩(shī)歌形象及思想情感的認(rèn)識(shí)
1、第二句與第三句中“扣”住詩(shī)題“夏意”的應(yīng)當(dāng)是“石榴開遍”和“樹陰滿地”（一定要寫進(jìn)“開遍”和“滿地”，因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)詞才更寫出了“詩(shī)人生活環(huán)境的氣氛”，單寫進(jìn)“石榴”、“樹陰”不能給全分。什么氣氛？“石榴開遍”，明麗、清新；“樹陰滿地”，幽靜；故填“清幽”最為妥貼。
2、要把握準(zhǔn)詩(shī)人的心境，必須體察作者筆下物境的特點(diǎn)，前文已作了分析，還要結(jié)合“注”了解詩(shī)作的背景：“削籍為民”、“隱居不仕”。據(jù)此，作者的心境既可以答排遣痛苦，寵辱偕志，忘懷得失，也可以答反襯出內(nèi)心的痛苦，但必須結(jié)合對(duì)原詩(shī)的手法和意境的分析作答。
答案示例：這首詩(shī)取題“夏意”，展現(xiàn)的是清幽之境，表現(xiàn)的是內(nèi)心壓抑著痛苦的閑適寧?kù)o?！皠e院”、“深深”、“清”，詩(shī)一開始即構(gòu)成清幽涼爽的氣氛，繼之以“石榴開遍”“樹陰滿地”“流鶯”時(shí)一聲“渲梁”，無(wú)不給人清涼寧謐之感。削籍隱居的詩(shī)人內(nèi)心當(dāng)是痛苦的，但詩(shī)人沒(méi)有牢騷，對(duì)得失榮辱顯得很淡泊，但沒(méi)有牢騷又不等于沒(méi)有痛苦，清幽之境恰恰反襯著詩(shī)人內(nèi)心壓抑著的刺痛，“夏意”“之意”，是值得讀者細(xì)細(xì)揣度的。
二、[解題指導(dǎo)]此題主要考查對(duì)詩(shī)歌語(yǔ)言的理解與賞析
第1題的答案為C?！翱稀薄柏M肯”的省略，愛，吝惜之意。設(shè)計(jì)此題的用意在于幫助考生進(jìn)一步理解詩(shī)意。第2題的解答，關(guān)鍵在準(zhǔn)確理解“鬧”的含義及人格化的手法。
答案示例：鬧，安靜、蕭寂的反義詞，即熱烈之意。寫紅杏怒放盛開，如火如荼，不說(shuō)春意“濃”、春意“盛”等而說(shuō)“春意鬧”，精妙在于將紅杏人格化了，將無(wú)生命的杏花化為有生命有感情的事物，寫出了紅杏競(jìng)相開放、爭(zhēng)妍斗艷的景象與情趣，寫盡了那一派盎然的春意，蓬勃的生機(jī)。王國(guó)維言“著一‘鬧’字而境界全出”確實(shí)見得精當(dāng)。
三、[解題指導(dǎo)]此題側(cè)重考查對(duì)詩(shī)歌整體意境的把握
據(jù)詩(shī)題可知，此詩(shī)為詩(shī)人聽了張立本之女吟詩(shī)后作，要理解詩(shī)的意境，關(guān)鍵在于把握住張立本女“獨(dú)步”“自敲”“清歌”的形象和“涼”“月如霜”這些透露氣氛特征的詞語(yǔ)，在此基礎(chǔ)上歸納并作具體分析即可。
答案示例：這首詩(shī)創(chuàng)造了一種清雅幽靜的意境。暗藍(lán)色的天幕上一輪秋月高懸，涼爽的閑庭中女詩(shī)人依階低吟。清泠的吟詩(shī)聲和著玉釵敲竹的節(jié)拍飄蕩在寂靜的夜空，冰冷如霜的月光勾勒出一個(gè)蛾冠廣袖的少女徘徊的身影。意境是情與景的融合。讀者只要領(lǐng)會(huì)清雅幽靜之境，便能走進(jìn)女詩(shī)人超塵拔俗，淡雅清純的內(nèi)心世界。