高中英語單詞教案

2010年中考英語單詞分類復(fù)習(xí)策略2。

2010年中考英語單詞分類復(fù)習(xí)策略2

二、冠詞?

(一)知識(shí)概要

冠詞在英語中只有3個(gè)詞,分為兩類:不定冠詞a與an,定冠詞the。a用在以輔音開始的單數(shù)名詞前,an用于以元音開始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來表示一類事物中泛指的某一事物,而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個(gè)或某些事物,可用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。

(二)正誤辨析

[誤]Thisbuildingisanuniversity.

[正]Thisbuildingisauniversity.

[析]a用于以輔音音素開始的單詞前,而an用于以元音音素開始的單詞前,而不是元音字母開頭的單詞前。university的第一個(gè)音素是[j],所以用a而不要用an。又如:Thereisa"n"intheword.是錯(cuò)句,應(yīng)為:Thereisan"n"intheword.因字母n的發(fā)音的第一個(gè)音素是元音。要注意的還有hour因其第一個(gè)字母h不發(fā)音,所以應(yīng)該用anhour。例如:

Ineedanhourtofinishthework.

Itisausefuldictionary.

ItisaEuropeancountry.

Iboughtausedcar.

[誤]Ineedaumbrellabecauseitlookslikeraining.

[正]Ineedanumbrellabecauseitlookslikeraining.

[析]因umbrella的第一個(gè)音素是元音,所以應(yīng)用an.常用的情況有:anoldman,anEnglishteacher,anelephant,anidea,anhourago,anhonestboy…。

[誤]"Canyouhelpme""Sorry,Iminhurry."

[正]"Canyouhelpme""Sorry.Iminahurry."

[析]不定冠詞的主要用法如下:?

1.用來表示一類人或事物,如:Sheisateacher.

2.指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè),如:Anelephantisbiggerthanahorse.

3.泛指某一人或事物,如:Amaniswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.

4.相當(dāng)于"one"的概念,如:Ijustboughtanewdictionary.

5.其主要的難點(diǎn)是用在固定詞組中:

如:haveawalk/arest/alook

又如:inahurry匆匆忙忙

makeaface作鬼臉

dosomebodyafavour幫某人忙

anumberof=manyjab88.COm

又如:haveagoodtime(玩得好)

haveacold(感冒)

haveaheadache(頭痛)

haveabreak=havearest

[誤]Iboughtthedictionaryyesterday.Adictionaryisverygood.

[正]Iboughtadictionaryyesterday.Thedictionaryisverygood.

[析]在文章中第一次提到某物時(shí)用不定冠詞,而第二次提到時(shí)用定冠詞。?

[誤]Pleaseturnofflightsbeforeyouleave.

[正]Pleaseturnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.

[析]雖然是第一次提到某物但說話雙方均知其所指,也應(yīng)用定冠詞。?

[誤]Therearenineplanetsaroundasun.

[正]Therearenineplanetsaroundthesun.

[析]世上獨(dú)一無二的天體等名詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞,如:theearth,themoon,thesun,thesky,thesea.

[誤]Iliveonasecondfloorofthisbuilding.

[正]Iliveonthesecondfloorofthisbuilding.

[析]在序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí)前要用定冠詞。如:Heistheoldestinthefamily.

[誤]Iwanttolearnthesecondlanguagethisterm.

[正]Iwanttolearnasecondlanguagethisterm.

[析]在序數(shù)詞的含意不是順序中的第一第二,而其意在于再學(xué)一個(gè),再來一個(gè)時(shí),應(yīng)用a,本句的意思應(yīng)為:這學(xué)期我要學(xué)一門第二外語。

[誤]Mississippiisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.

[正]TheMississippiisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.

[析]在河流名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞,如:theYellowRiver(黃河)。

[誤]Look,thereareAlp.

[誤]Look,therearetheAlp.

[正]Look,therearetheAlps.

[析]具體的某一座山不加定冠詞,如:MountainTai.但在山名稱前加定冠詞后,其山名要加s,來表示山脈。theAlps即為阿爾卑斯山脈。如:TheAlpsareinthecenterofEurope.

[誤]Timesisoneoftheoldestnewspapersintheworld.

[正]TheTimesisoneoftheoldestnewspapersintheworld.

[析]報(bào)刊名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞。?

[誤]Richarenotalwayshappy.

[正]Thericharenotalwayshappy.

[析]在形容詞前加定冠詞表示一類人,而在姓的前面加定冠詞,姓后加s表示某一家,如:TheturnersaregoingtomovetoNewYork.

[誤]Iliketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Breadsellsinthisshopisverygood.

[正]Iliketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Thebreadsellsinthisshopisverygood.

[析]物質(zhì)名詞特指時(shí)也應(yīng)加定冠詞。?

[誤]Thesunrisesineast.

[正]Thesunrisesintheeast.

[析]在方向、方位前應(yīng)用定冠詞,如:intheeast,inthewest,inthenorth,inthesouth,inthedirection及inthepast,inthefuture

[誤]Doyouknowwhoinventedtelephone

[正]Doyouknowwhoinventedthetelephone

[析]在特定和專有事物或名稱前要加定冠詞,?

如:theEnglishChannel英吉利海峽

thePanamaCanal巴拿馬運(yùn)河

theSuezCanal蘇伊士運(yùn)河

[誤]Wouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforthesupper

[正]Wouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforsupper

[析]泛指一日三餐前無定冠詞。?

[誤]Iliketoclimbthemountainintheautumn.

[正]Iliketoclimbthemountaininautumn.

[析]一年四季前不用定冠詞,如:Springisthebestseasoninayear.

[誤]Sometimesmyparentscometoschooltoseeme.

[正]Sometimesmyparentscometotheschooltoseeme.

[析]有些名詞被用作其本身原來所含目的時(shí)不加冠詞,如:gotoschool上學(xué),leaveschool(輟學(xué)),afterschool(放學(xué)),但如果當(dāng)建筑物講時(shí)應(yīng)加冠詞,如例句中其父母來校不是上學(xué),而是看望孩子,則要加定冠詞。又如,Hewasinhospitalfortwodays.(他在醫(yī)院住院兩天了。)而:Hewenttothehospitaltoseehismother.他去醫(yī)院看望他的母親。

[誤]Iboughtasamedictionaryasshebought.

[正]Iboughtthesamedictionaryasshebought.

[析]在慣用法thesame,theonly,thevery前的定冠詞不可換為不定冠詞。

[誤]Thepolicecaughtthethiefbyhisarm.

[正]Thepolicecaughtthethiefbythearm.

[析]這是英文表達(dá)法與中文的明顯不同之處,也是初學(xué)者極易忽視之處。在英語中的某些動(dòng)詞,如:catch(抓),take(拿),strike(打),pat(拍),hit(擊),hold(握),pull(拉)…動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)加人,再加介詞on,by,in,with…之后要加定冠詞,再加人體的某一部位。這時(shí)的定冠詞千萬不要換作his,her,their,等詞。

[誤]Hewaspaidbyhour.

[正]Hewaspaidbythehour.

[析]by和計(jì)量單位之間要有定冠詞。這句話應(yīng)譯為:他的工資是按小時(shí)計(jì)算的。

[誤]IwenttoNewYorkbyhiscar.

[正]IwenttoNewYorkbycar.

[正]IwenttoNewYorkinhiscar.

[析]by僅僅與交通工具相連表示應(yīng)用某種工具,而加了別的修飾詞后其前面的介詞也應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換。如:bycar(坐小汽車)bytaxi(坐出租車)bybike(騎自行車)bywater(乘船)byair(乘飛機(jī))bysea(乘船)

[誤]Marybegantolearnhowtoplaypianowhenshewasthree.

[正]Marybegantolearnhowtoplaythepianowhenshewasthree.

[析]在樂器前要加定冠詞,而在球類游戲之前則不要加冠詞,如:Theyliketoplaybridgewhentheyarefree.(他們空閑時(shí)愛打橋牌)

[誤]Thelittleboywantedtogotocinema.

[正]Thelittleboywantedtogotothecinema.

[析]英語中雖有一些名詞與goto連用時(shí)不加定冠詞,以表示該名詞的內(nèi)涵,如:gotoschool(上學(xué)),gotobed(睡覺)等,但去看電影則例外,要用gotothecinema.這也是語言的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。

[誤]Iliveat105theLakestreet.

[正]Iliveat105LakeStreet.

[析]街道名稱前不用冠詞。?

[誤]NextsummerholidayIwillgotocountrytoliveonafarm.

[正]NextsummerholidayIwillgotothecountrytoliveonafarm.

[析]country既作國家講也作鄉(xiāng)村講。作鄉(xiāng)村講時(shí),一定要加定冠詞,而且只有單數(shù)形式,作國家講時(shí)則可有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Japanisacountry.Japan,China,IndiaareAsiancountries.

[誤]Thepicturelooksbetteratthedistance.

[正]Thepicturelooksbetteratadistance.

[析]atadistance意為"離開一定距離"。而inthedistance為"遠(yuǎn)方,遠(yuǎn)處"。這樣常用的詞組有:

asarule(照例)

inahurry(匆忙)

inthemorning/afternoon(上/下午)

inthesun(在陽光下)

intherain(雨中)

inthesameway(同樣)

intheshade(在陰涼處)

inthedaytime(白天)

intheend(最終)

ontheotherhand(換句話說)

onthecontrary(相反)

[誤]Thelittleboyandgirlwalkalongthestreetahandinahand.

[正]Thelittleboyandgirlwalkalongthestreethandinhand.

[析]這是英語中的習(xí)慣用法,如:?

bitbybit(逐漸)

dayafter(by)day(一天又一天)

dayandnight(日日夜夜)

facetoface(面對(duì)面)

fromAtoZ(自始至終)

fromtimetotime(再三)

handinhand(手拉手)

shoulderbyshoulder(肩并肩)

(三)例題解析

1MrLiis___oldworker.

AaBanCsomeD/

[答案]B.

[析]an用于元音音素開始的單詞前。

2Englishis___usefullanguagein___world.

Aan,theBa,theCthe,/D/,the

[答案]B.

[析]因useful的第一個(gè)音素是[j],它是輔音音素。

3What___interestingbookitis?

AaBanCtheD/

[答案]B.

[析]這是感嘆句,因?yàn)橐频皆话憔淝懊娴膹?qiáng)調(diào)部分中有可數(shù)名詞book,所以應(yīng)加冠詞,而interesting的第一音素是元音所以要加an。

4Hewillbebackin___hour.

A/BtheCaDan?

[答案]D.

[析]因hour的首字母h不發(fā)音。

5Thereis___mapintheclassroom.___mapisonthewall.

Aa,ABthe,TheCa,TheDthe,A

[答案]C.

[析]在文章中首次提到某人或某物時(shí)用不定冠詞,而第二次再提到該物或人時(shí)應(yīng)用定冠詞。

6Lookat___picture!Theres___houseinit.

Aa,aBthe,theCa,theDthe,a

?[答案]D.

[析]雖然是第一次提到,但在句中的語言是讓對(duì)方看某一特定的圖畫,所以應(yīng)選擇D。

7Thereis___orangeinthebottle.

AaBanCtheD/

?[答案]D.

[析]這里的orange是指桔汁而不是一個(gè)個(gè)的桔子。

8Beijingis___capitalofourcountry.

AtheBanC/Da

?[答案]A.

[析]capital之后有of結(jié)構(gòu)則要用定冠詞。

9IfyouworkhardatEnglish,youllget___"A"inthetest.

AanB/CtheDa

?[答案]A.

[析]因字母A的第一音素是元音。

10Heusuallygoestoschoolon___foot.

AaBanCtheD/

?[答案]D.

[析]onfoot意為走路上學(xué),是習(xí)慣用法。

相關(guān)閱讀

2010年中考英語單詞分類復(fù)習(xí)策略4

2010年中考英語單詞分類復(fù)習(xí)策略4

四、形容詞、副詞?

(一)知識(shí)概要?

形容詞的用法很活躍,在英語中用處也很多,但英語中修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語和詞組有時(shí)不同,要特別加以注意。下面將初中學(xué)習(xí)階段中遇到的修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組歸納如下:many,no,several,some,afew,alot,lots,plenty,plentyof,alotof,alargenumberof,enough。而修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或詞組如下:much,no,some,alot,agreatdeal,lots,plenty,alotof,plentyof。?其中some,no,alotof,plentyof既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。?英語中形容詞與副詞有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)之分,其規(guī)則如下:?

構(gòu)詞法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)加er,或estTall

youngtaller?

younger

tallest

youngest

只加r或stnice?

large

nicer

larger

nicest?

largest

重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)雙寫該字母加er、estbig?

fat?

hot

bigger

fatter

hotter

biggest?

fattest

hottest

不規(guī)則變化的形容詞或副詞:?

原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)

goodbetterbest

Wellbetterbest

badworseworst

badlyworseworst

manymoremost

mostmoremost

littlelesslest

farfarther

further

farthest

furthest

oldolder?

elder

oldest?

eldest

要注意的是許多形容詞同時(shí)又是副詞,如:back,all,alone,either,far,high,slow等。而有些形容詞則要經(jīng)過一定變化才能轉(zhuǎn)為副詞,其規(guī)律如下:?

構(gòu)詞法形容詞副詞

一般加lyCareful

kind

carefully

kindly

尾是y時(shí)將y變成i加lyHappy

busy

easy

Happily

busily

easily

其他true

terrible

full

possible

shy

whole

truly

terribly

fully

possibly

shyly

wholly

在學(xué)習(xí)過程中要注意其變化。?

此外并不是所有副詞都可以修飾比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形容詞。能修飾比較級(jí)的有:much,yet,far,still,agreatdeal,even和alittle.能修飾最高級(jí)的有:thevery,muchthe,far等。?

(二)正誤辨析?

[誤]Theyounglikesplayingfootballverymuch.?

[正]Theyounglikeplayingfootballverymuch.?

[析]定冠詞加形容詞表示一類人,應(yīng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時(shí)則要看作單數(shù),如:Thebeautifulisnotalwayskindness.美麗并不總代表善良。?

[誤]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstareover.?

[正]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstisover.?

[析]意為:"危險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)過去,最困難的狀況已結(jié)束。"用定冠詞加最高級(jí)形容詞作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)形式。?

[誤]Itisthegoldageoftheyoung.?

[正]Itisthegoldenageoftheyoung.?

[析]golden在英語中多用于比喻,如:goldenhair金發(fā),guldenvoice金嗓子。而gold多用于表達(dá)金質(zhì)的,如:agoldbar金條,agoldcoin金幣,但goldfish金魚例外。

[誤]Sheisawarmheartwoman.?

[正]Sheisawarm?heartedwoman.?

[析]英語形容詞的構(gòu)詞法很多,其中之一是由形容詞,或數(shù)詞,加名詞加ed構(gòu)成,如:?warm?hoarted熱心腸的,white?haired白毛的?

[誤]Thereisanalivefishinthepool.?

[正]Thereisalivingfishinthepool.?

[析]在初中范圍內(nèi)所學(xué)到的以a字母開頭的形容詞一般不能作定語,只能作表語。如:Thefishisalive.(魚還活著)這樣的形容詞有:alive,alike,alone,asleep,afraid,awake等。?

[誤]Theillmannearlydied.?

[正]Thesickmannearlydied.?

[析]ill一般不作定語來形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表語時(shí)則都可以。如:Heisillsick,ill作定語時(shí)則另有他意,如:illluck(厄運(yùn)),illnature(天性惡劣),illtemper(心緒不好)?

[誤]Ihaveimportantsomethingtotellyou.?

[正]Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.?

[析]不定代詞something,anyone,somebody…在用形容詞修飾時(shí),形容詞應(yīng)放其后。但要注意thing則不是不定代詞,不符合上述規(guī)律。如:Ihaveanimportantthingtotellyou.?

[誤]IllbefreeonnextSunday.?

[正]IllbefreenextSunday.?

[析]在表達(dá)將來時(shí)的時(shí)候:nextSunday,nextweek,nextyear或lastSundaylastweek,lastyear前都不加介詞。?

[誤]Thegirlistwo?yearold.?

[正]Thegirlistwoyearsold.?

[正]Sheisatwo?year?oldgirl??

[析]由連字符連接若干名詞、數(shù)詞……組成的形容詞,在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要記住兩點(diǎn),其一是這些詞中的名詞都不要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:two?thousand?wordreport(兩千字的報(bào)告);其二是這樣構(gòu)成的形容詞只能作定語,即用于名詞之前,而不能作表語。?

[誤]TheforeignerslikethoselittlebeautifulChinesepaintings.?

[正]TheforeignerslikethosebeautifullittleChinesepaintings.?

[析]在名詞前若有幾個(gè)形容詞作修飾語時(shí),其順序如下。?

1.指示代詞,定冠詞2.數(shù)量詞3.性質(zhì)詞4.大小?5.形狀6.老少,新舊7.顏色8.材料?

但要注意的是英語的習(xí)慣是一個(gè)名詞前的形容詞一般不要多于三個(gè)。?

如:Whataprettylittlewhitehorse!?

ThosefirstfewshortEnglishstorieswerenotdifficulttounderstand.?

[誤]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishgoodistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.

[正]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.

[析]good是形容詞,這里是修飾動(dòng)詞speak的,所以應(yīng)用副詞well,但well作形容詞講時(shí)只作身體好。如:Heiswell.(他身體很好)。Heisgood.(他是個(gè)好人)。?

[誤]Thechildrenplayonthegrassnappyly.?

[正]Thechildrenplayonthegrasshappily??

[析]多音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時(shí)應(yīng)將y變?yōu)閕再加ly.?

[誤]Theteacherlookedangryatthestudents.?

[正]Theteacherlookedangrilyatthestudents.?

[析]英語中感觀動(dòng)詞后面要接形容詞,這時(shí)它是修飾主語的,如:Thefoodsmellsgood.食物聞起來很香。Theteacherlookedangry老師看起來很生氣。?而此句的意思為:"老師生氣地看著學(xué)生",所以應(yīng)用副詞形式。?

[誤]Heworkedwithmefriendly.?

[正]Hewasfriendlytome.?

[析]不是所有結(jié)尾是ly的詞都是副詞,但friendly是形容詞,這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ovely,lonely,costly,lively…monthlyweekly…。但其中有些詞既是副詞,又是形容詞,如:early,hourly,monthly…?

[誤]Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofyourfriends.?

[正]Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofyourfriends.?

[析]free作為形容詞意為"自由的,有空閑的,免費(fèi)的"。作為副詞講則是"免費(fèi)"之意。而freely作為副詞則是"自由的,隨便的"。這些要注意的詞還有:?hard努力,艱苦hardly幾乎不late遲,晚?lately最近的,最新的near近nearly幾乎?like像likely幾乎?

[誤]Theymusthavearrivedtillnow.?

[正]Theymusthavearrivedbynow.?

[析]bynow是用于表達(dá)到目前為止某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,所以應(yīng)用瞬間動(dòng)詞。而tillnow是強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,所以一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。?musthave+過去分詞是對(duì)過去某一事情所作的肯定推測(cè)。?

[誤]Someonecalledyourightnow.?

[正]Someonecalledyoujustnow.?

[析]justnow有兩個(gè)意思,其一是"剛才",其二是"現(xiàn)在",而rightnow只能用于現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。just則用于完成時(shí)態(tài),如:Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.?

[誤]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericaatpresent.?

[正]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericapresently.?

[析]presently有兩個(gè)意思:其一是最近,不久,其二在美語中是現(xiàn)在之意,與atpresent相同。而forthepresent為暫時(shí),如:IteachEnglishintheschoolforthepresent.

[誤]Illbebackatthemoment.?

[正]Illbebackinamoment.?

[析]atthemoment其意為"現(xiàn)在,當(dāng)時(shí)",而inamoment意為"馬上過一會(huì)",與inaminute意思相近。?

[誤]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereintime.?

[正]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereontime.?

[析]ontime為"準(zhǔn)時(shí)",而intime有兩個(gè)含意。其一是"及時(shí)",如:Thedoctorarrivedintime。其二是"將來,終究"。?

[誤]Imetanoldfriendsometimeslastmonth.?

[正]Imetanoldfriendsometimelastmonth.?

[析]Sometime過去,或者將來某時(shí)。?Sometimes有時(shí)?

如:SometimesIgotoschoolbybus.?Sometime一些時(shí)間?

如:Ineedsometimetodomyhomework.?Sometimes幾次?

如:IwenttoShanghaisometimesthismonth.?

attimes有時(shí),偶爾?

atalltimes經(jīng)常?

someothertime改天?

[誤]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?

[正]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysbefore.?

[正]Imetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?

*ago用在時(shí)間狀語中時(shí),主句中謂語動(dòng)詞一般用過去時(shí),而before用于時(shí)間狀語時(shí)則主句的謂語動(dòng)詞宜用完成時(shí)態(tài)。?

[誤]Hestudiedveryhard.andattheendhepassedtheexam.?

[正]Hestudiedveryhard,andintheendhepassedtheexam.?

[析]intheend=atlast意為"最終,終于",表達(dá)經(jīng)過若干努力而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。而attheend是在某事的結(jié)束時(shí)如何如何,如:Attheendofclass,theteachergaveussomestorybooks。?

[誤]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueachthreedays.?

[正]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueverythreedays.?

[析]everythreedays為"每三天",即每隔二天,而everyotherday為每隔一天。

[誤]Hedidntgotothecinemayesterday.andIdidntgo,too.?

[正]HedidntgotothecinemayesterdayandIdidntgoeither.?

[析]英語中表示"也",有4個(gè)字,also,aswell,too,either,但either用于否定句中,而前3個(gè)用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too與aswell一般要用在句尾,而also則可用于句中。如:Shewenttothepartyandherboyfriendwenttheretoo.又如:Ivealsoreadherothernovels.?

[誤]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?

[正]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?

[析]anyway為"不管怎么"講,"無論如何",如:Whataterribleaccident,anywaynoonewashurt.?

anyway為"任何方式"。這種常見的錯(cuò)誤還發(fā)生在以下幾組詞中,如:?

everyday日常的everyday每天?

faraway遙遠(yuǎn)的faraway遠(yuǎn)離?

altogether總計(jì)alltogether一塊,大家一起?

already已經(jīng)allready全準(zhǔn)備好了?

[誤]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.?

[正]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.?

[析]anytime是副詞而anytime中的time是名詞。?

[誤]Shesaidnearlynothing.?

[正]Shesaidalmostnothing.?

[析]nearly與almost的含意相近,在很多場(chǎng)合可以互換,但在否定詞前用almost。

[誤]Therearetoomuchmistakesinyourhomework.?

[正]Therearetoomanymistakesinyourhomework.?

[析]toomuch后接不可數(shù)名詞,如:Thereistoomuchwaterfortheflowers.而toomany后加可數(shù)名詞,muchtoo后面加形容詞,如:ItismuchtoodifficulttolearnEnglishwell.?

[誤]Itislateenoughthatwecangohomenow.?

[正]Itislateenoughforustogohomenow.?

[析]要注意的是enough后面一般不接從句而接不定式,或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):forsomebodytodosomething。?

[誤]Thetwinsareveryalike.?

[正]Thetwinsaremuchalike.?

[析]用a為首字母的形容詞不能用very修飾,一般要用much來修飾。?

[誤]-Howlongdoeshewritetohisparents??

-Onceaweek.?

[正]-Howoftendoeshewritetohisparents??

-Onceaweek.?

[析]英文與中文表達(dá)法不同,隔多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間辦一次某事,實(shí)際上問的是該事發(fā)生的頻率,所以要用howoften。?

[誤]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Illcallupyou.?

[正]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Illcallyouup.?

[析]當(dāng)動(dòng)詞詞組的賓語是人稱代詞時(shí)則一定要放于動(dòng)詞之后,如果是名詞則可以放在詞組其后。?如:IwanttowatchTV.PleaseturnontheTV.也可以講:PleaseturntheTVon.?

[誤]Hedrovequicklyhisnewcar.?

[正]Hedrovehisnewcarquickly.?

[析]副詞在句中的位置很活,但主要有以下幾種用法:①實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前,如:Hequicklygivemetheanswer.②在be動(dòng)詞之后,如:Thelittleboyisoftenlateforclass.③第一助動(dòng)詞之后,如:Thisbookhasalmostbeenfinished.④在單獨(dú)使用的be動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之前,如:Canyouhelpmethisafternoon??Icertainlycan.?但是無論如何也不能將副詞置于動(dòng)詞與賓語之間,如果是賓語從句或是很長(zhǎng)的名詞

詞組作賓語則才可以這樣用:?

Heheardclearlywhattheteachersaid.?

[誤]Thechildrencamelateyesterdaytothecinema.?

[正]Thechildrencamelatetothecinemayesterday.?

[析]表示一定長(zhǎng)度的時(shí)間的副詞不應(yīng)放于句中,可放于句尾。如果表示強(qiáng)調(diào)則可放于句首。

[誤]Youhavefewnewbooks,haventyou??

[正]youhavefewnewbooks,haveyou??

[析]英語中的數(shù)量形容詞有兩組。修飾可數(shù)名詞的有few(很少,幾乎沒有),afew(有一些,幾個(gè));修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle(很少,幾乎沒有),alittle(有一點(diǎn),有一些)。要注意的是當(dāng)few和little用于句中時(shí)應(yīng)看作否定句,而afew和alittle用于句中時(shí)則應(yīng)看作是肯定句。

[誤]Hespentquitelittlemoneyonhisfood.?

[正]Hespentquitealittlemoneyonhisfood.?

[析]quitea為一固定用法,其意為"十分,相當(dāng),所以"。quiteafew=many,quitealittle=much而onlyalittle=little,onlyafew=few.?

[誤]Doyouwanttohavemanybread??

[正]Doyouwanttohavesomebread??

[析]some與any都可以用作形容詞、副詞或代詞,在一般情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于疑問句和否定句,但在希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí),應(yīng)用some。其次是some可以用來修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。?

[誤]Pleasetellmewheretheshoesshopis??

[正]Pleasetellmewheretheshoeshopis.?

[析]在用名詞作修飾詞來修飾另一名詞時(shí),這個(gè)作修飾詞的名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,如:?

ashoeshop鞋店

afruitshop水果店

abookshop書店?

apostoffice郵局

apolicestation警察局

abusstop汽車站?

[誤]Heisweakatphysics.?

[正]Heisweakinphysics.?

[析]在表達(dá)擅長(zhǎng)于作某事時(shí)用begoodatsomething,而其反意詞為bebadatsomething,但beweakinsomething。?

[誤]Thisdictionaryisworthtobuy.?

[正]Thisdictionaryisworthbuying.?

[析]beworth后可接動(dòng)、名詞表達(dá)值得作某事,又可接價(jià)格、金錢表示值多少錢。?

[誤]Dontafraidofthat.?

[正]Dontbeafraidofthat.?

[析]afraid在英文中是形容詞而不是動(dòng)詞。這樣的詞組還有:?

beafraidof害怕becarefulof小心?

becertainof有把握,確定besureof確信?

begladof高興besickof厭惡?

befondof喜歡?

[誤]Theworkhasalreadybeendonewell.?

[正]Theworkhasalreadybeenwelldone.?

[析]well與badly作副詞時(shí),表示好壞,如果句子是被動(dòng)語態(tài),則應(yīng)放在過去分詞之前,如:Thismachinehasbeenbadlydamaged.如果句子是主動(dòng)語態(tài),則應(yīng)放于句末,如:Ididmyhomeworkwell.?

[誤]Weareyetintheclassroomnow.?

[正]Wearealreadyintheclassroomnow.?

[析]already主要用于肯定句,而yet多用于否定句和疑問句中,如:

Didyoufinishit?No.notyet.?

[誤]Look.Herecomeshe!?

[正]Look!Herehecomes!?

[誤]Look!Herethebuscomes!?

[正]Look!Herecomesthebus!?

[析]在句子開頭用Here時(shí),如主語是人稱代詞則不要用倒裝語序,如果主語是名詞則要用倒裝語序。?

[誤]Sheismyoldersister.?

[正]Sheismyeldersister.?

[析]elder和eldest是用來指家庭中兄弟姐妹的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系,而older,oldest則是指歲數(shù)大多少,如:SheisthreeyearsolderthanI.?

[誤]Imtired.Icantgofurther.?

[正]Imtired.Icantgofarther.?

[析]far有兩個(gè)比較級(jí)farther較遠(yuǎn)的,further進(jìn)一步的,如:Doyouneedanyfurtherexplanation?你需要進(jìn)一步的解釋嗎?當(dāng)然它也有兩個(gè)最高級(jí)。farthest和furthest.?

[誤]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsbefore.?

[正]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsago.?

[析]ago常與過去時(shí)連用,而before則多與完成時(shí)連用。?

[誤]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??

-No,notalready.?

[正]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??

-No,notyet.?

[析]仍然有三個(gè)英文字可以表達(dá)它們是already,yet與still。要注意的是already經(jīng)常用于肯定句中,如Thebushasalreadygone。而yet多用于疑問句和否定句中,如:Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?而still則常用于主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間,如:Westillcantdecidewhattodo.但也有時(shí)用于be動(dòng)詞之后,如:Heisstillhere.?

[誤]HeisveryhigherthanIam.?

[正]HeismuchhigherthanIam.?

[析]much可以用來修飾比較級(jí),而very則用來修飾形容詞原級(jí),如:Imverytired.

[誤]-CanIwalktothestation??-Youdbetternot.Itisveryfar.?

[正]-CanIwalktothestation??

-Youdbetternot,Itisalongway.?

[析]for一般用在疑問句與否定句中,如:Howfarisitfromheretothestation?又如:Itisntfar.?

[誤]IveeverbeentoAmerica.?

[正]IvebeentoAmericaonce.?

[析]once多用于肯定句,而ever則用于疑問句,否定句,及條件狀語從句中,如:HaveyoueverbeentoLondon??

[誤]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??

-No,Iamnotafraidso.?

[正]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??

-No,Imafraidnot.?

[析]在肯定的答語中我們可以用so來代替上句所講的事件,如:Doyouthinksheisagoodstudent?YesIthinkso,/Ihopeso,/Ibelieveso/Imafraidso.但在否定的答語中,英語口語的習(xí)慣用法則有所不同,如,Idontthinkso而在hope,belive與afraid后則常用not,如:Ihopenot.?

[誤]Shedidntworkenoughhard,soshecouldntpasstheexam.?

[正]Shedidntworkhardenough,soshecouldntpasstheexam.?

[析]enough可以作名詞用,如:EnoughhasbeensaidforhowtolearnEnglishwell.(對(duì)于如何學(xué)好英語已經(jīng)講的足夠多了。)?另外它可以作為形容詞,如:Ihaveenoughmoney(ormoneyenough)tobuythisdictionary.注意enough作為形容詞時(shí)即可放于名詞前又可放于名詞后,在初中范圍的考題中多用于名詞之前。如果enough作為副詞用,那么它一定要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。?

[誤]Youcantbeverycareful.?

[正]Youcantbetoocareful.?

[析]此句話的含意是你如何小心也不過分。too…to的用法是"太……以至于不能作某事"。但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用時(shí)也常常將后面的to省去,如:Itistooexpensiveforme.那對(duì)我來講是太貴了。?

[誤]Heisgoodpastfifty.?

[正]Heiswellpastfifty.?

[析]well作為副詞用時(shí)除用于"好"之外還有"大大地、遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地",等意。往往有人對(duì)下面兩句的對(duì)或錯(cuò)有爭(zhēng)議;?

Heiswell.?

Heisgood.?

其實(shí)這兩句都是正確的表達(dá)法,只不過其含意不同。Heiswell是"他身體不錯(cuò)",而Heisgood則為"他是個(gè)好人"。?

[誤]Sheisnotashalfcleverasherbrother.?

[正]Sheisnothalfascleverasherbrother.?

[析]在as…as結(jié)構(gòu)中要將修飾形容詞的數(shù)量詞倍數(shù)及nearly,almost,exactly…等置?于第一?個(gè)as之前。?

[誤]HeissameageasTom.?

[正]HeisthesameageasTom.?

[析]thesame…as是固定的用法,其中定冠詞the是不可省也不能換成別的詞的。?

[誤]Motherandherdaughterareexactlylike.?

[正]Motherandherdaughterareexactlyalike.?

*like作為介詞,其意為"像",應(yīng)用于looklike,belike,soundlike,其后要加賓語。而?alike?是形容詞,或副詞,如:YouandIthinkalike.Thetwinsaredressedalike。但alike僅作表語而不能用于名詞前作定語。?

[誤]Whoistallerofthetwo??

[正]Whoisthetallerofthetwo??

[析]兩者的比較級(jí)之前要加定冠詞。?

[誤]IhavelessbooksthanTom.?

[正]IhavefewerbooksthanTom.?

[析]less是little的比較級(jí),而fewer是few的比較級(jí)。less后應(yīng)加不可數(shù)名詞而fewer后是可數(shù)名詞。?

[誤]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.TheclevererisMary.?

[正]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.ThecleverestisMary.?

[析]在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級(jí),在三者之間或三者以上的范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用最高級(jí)。?

[誤]Theboysatthereasquietashissister.?

[正]Theboysatthereasquietlyashissister.?

[析]as…as的用法要注意的是:①在其中間應(yīng)加形容詞或副詞的原級(jí),而不可加比較級(jí),也有的語法書中稱為同級(jí)比較。②要根據(jù)句意決定是加形容詞還是副詞,這要看它具體是修飾動(dòng)詞還是名詞而定,如:Heisasgoodashisfriend.?

[誤]Theharderyoustudy,andyoucanlearnmore.?

[正]Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn.?

[析]英文中如果要表達(dá)越來越怎樣,在初中范圍有兩種表達(dá)法:①比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)。②定冠詞+比較級(jí)……,如:Thenightsaregettinglongerandlonger。要注意的是多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)前要加more,這樣的用法是:moreandmore加形容詞,如:Thegirlisgrowingmoreandmorebeautiful.?

[誤]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingastolearnEnglish.?

[正]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingaslearningEnglish.?

[析]在作比較時(shí),英語一般要求對(duì)比的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致。如用動(dòng)名詞,應(yīng)都用動(dòng)名詞,用不定式時(shí)則都用不定式。但有時(shí)在后一個(gè)不定式前的符號(hào)to可以省略。如:Torepairtheoldoneisasmuchexpensiveas(to)buyanewone.?

[誤]Thegirlismoreclevererthantheboy.?

[正]Thegirlismuchmoreclever(muchcleverer)thantheboy.?

[析]clever有兩個(gè)比較級(jí):cleverer和moreclever,要注意的是不能用比較級(jí)來修飾比較級(jí)。?clever的兩個(gè)比較級(jí)也各有不同之處,如用在兩種不同性質(zhì)的比較時(shí)多用moreclever,如:Heismorecleverthanhonest.(他的聰明要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過其誠實(shí)。)?

[析]Theboyisthetallesttothethree.?

[正]Theboyisthetallestofthethree.?

[析]最高級(jí)的范圍要用of加復(fù)數(shù)形式或加集合名詞。?

[誤]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionary.?

[正]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionaries.?

[析]在oneof后面最高級(jí)形容詞后要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。?

[誤]ThisdictionaryisthemuchbestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.

[正]ThisdictionaryismuchthebestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.

[析]在修飾最高級(jí)時(shí)應(yīng)用far/byfar/much加the加最高級(jí)。但very例外,如:Heistheverybestplayerintheteam.?

[誤]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercitiesinChina.?

[正]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.?

[析]在比較級(jí)中表示比較對(duì)象時(shí)如用anyother其后一般要加單數(shù)名詞。?

[誤]MostofstoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?

[正]MostofthestoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?

[正]MoststoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?

[析]"大多數(shù)"一詞的表達(dá)法有mostofthe+名詞,或most+名詞。當(dāng)用前一種結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),其后面的定冠詞不可少。?

[誤]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthisroom.?

[正]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthatofthisroom.?

[析]比較級(jí)用于兩句話之間時(shí),比較的部分不可省略掉,但為了避免重復(fù),一般都要用that代替前面的單數(shù)名詞,而用those代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:Thebooksinthatboxarebiggerthanthoseinthisbox。?

[誤]Heisnomorehere.Maybeheisathome.?

[正]Heisnolongerhere.Maybeheisathome.?

[析]nomore在現(xiàn)代英語中多譯為:"從此再也不會(huì)了",如:Hisvoiceisnomorehere.他已經(jīng)去世了,他的聲音不可能再出現(xiàn)了。而用nolonger表達(dá)目前的狀態(tài)。要注意下面幾組句子的實(shí)際含意:?Thisroomisnocleanerthanthatone.即兩間屋子都不干凈。(兩者都不干凈)Thisroomisnotcleanerthanthatone,即這屋子不如那間干凈。(前者不如后者干凈。即一間干凈,一間不干凈。)?

(三)例題解析?

1?IthinkChineseis___thanmaths.?

A.interestingB?moreinteresting?

C.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting?

[答案]B.?

[析]在有than作比較的句子中應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。?

2?-WhatdoesLucylikebetter,singingordancing??

-Singing.ofcourse.Shesknownto___it.?

A.begoodatB.begoodfor

C.bebadatD.bebadfor?

[答案]A.?

[析]begoodat為固定搭配,意為"擅長(zhǎng)作某事"。初中英語中有些這樣的固定用法應(yīng)記牢,而不能似是而非。如:?begoodat,bebadat,bepoorin,beweekin,befitfor?

3?TheHuangHeRiverisoneof___inChina.?

A.ThelongriverB.thelongestriver?

C.thelongestriversD.thelongerriver?

[答案]C.?

[析]在oneof+定冠詞+最高級(jí)之后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。?

4?Thegirlwas___afraid___shethrewherbagaway.?

A.so,thatB.too,toC.too,thatD.enough,to?

[答案]A.?

[析]so…that為"如此怎樣以至于如何",此句意思是:小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。而too…to的意思為"如何如何,以至于不能作某事"。但to的后面是動(dòng)詞原形,而不是從句。?

5?Itwas___yesterdaythantoday.?

A.hotB.hoter

C.hotterD.thehottest?

[答案]C.?

[析]用than表達(dá)比較的句中應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。?

6?Whichsubjectdoyoulike___,EnglishChineseormaths??

A.bestB.well

C.betterD.good?

[答案]A.?

[析]在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級(jí),而在三者之間或三者以上用最高級(jí)。?

7?Noneofthestudentswatchedit___.?

A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefully

C.carefullyenoughD.enoughcareful?

[答案]C.?

[析]首先應(yīng)判定是選用用來修飾名詞的形容詞還是用來修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞。這里是修飾watch這一動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)選用副詞。當(dāng)enough用來修飾副詞或形容詞時(shí)應(yīng)放于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。?

8?___sheeats,___shellbe.?

A.More…fatB.Themore…fatter?

C.More…thefatterD.Themore…thefatter?

[答案]D.?

[析]the+比較級(jí)表示"越來越……"本句應(yīng)譯為:她吃得越多,她就會(huì)越胖。?

9?IdontthinkEnglishis___Chinese.?

A.asimportantasB.notimportantas?

C.notsoimportantD.importantas?

[答案]A.?

[析]think+賓語從句時(shí),應(yīng)采用否定主句的形式,如:中文講,"我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)",英文應(yīng)為:"我不認(rèn)為你對(duì)"。Idontthinkyouareright.所以不能選答案B。而C、D均為不正確的表達(dá)法。?

10?MissGaoisagoodEnglishteacher.Thestudentsinherclass___English.?A.areinterestedinB.areinterestingin?

C.areinterestedatD.areinterestingto?

[答案]A.?

[析]過去分詞常用來修飾人,而現(xiàn)在分詞常用來修飾物,如:aninterestingbook,實(shí)際上過去分詞含有被動(dòng)之意,如:interested其含意是"被……所吸引,感動(dòng)"。而interesting則為"使人感興趣的",如:aninterestingman一個(gè)有趣、風(fēng)趣的人。?

11?Thetwinsaretogethermostofthetime.Sotheyneverfeel___.?

A.aloneB.lonely

C.happilyD.friendly?

[答案]B.?

[析]alone意為"獨(dú)自的,一個(gè)人的",它只能作表語不能作定語。Iamnotaloneindoingsuchathing.而lonely意為"寂寞的,孤單的",如:Theoldmanfeltlonely.要體會(huì)兩個(gè)詞的區(qū)別,如:Theoldmanlivedalone,buthedidntfeellonely.?

12?Whata___cough!Youseem___ill.?

A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terrible?

C.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly?

[答案]A.?

[析]terrible是形容詞,而terribly是副詞,第一個(gè)空是修飾名詞的,所以應(yīng)填入形容詞。第二個(gè)空ill是形容詞,這里terribly是用來修飾ill的。?

13?Thetwofriendswere___pleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgoteverything.?A.soB.too

C.veryD.much?

[答案]A.?

[析]這里用的是so…that的固定搭配。?

14?Whichis___,LiLeisboxorHanMeimeisbox??

A.heavyB.heavier

C.moreheavierD.theheaviest?

[答案]B.?

[析]兩者之間用比較級(jí),三者或以上用最高級(jí)。?

15?YoudontlikethesamecoloursandIdontlikethem,___.?

A.tooB.also

C.eitherD.neither?

[答案]C.?

[析]在否定句中也應(yīng)用either,而不要用too,因too用于肯定句中。?

16?Jimis___atallhislessons.AndImsurehelldovery___intheexams.?

A.well,goodB.good,well

C.well,wellD.good,good?

[答案]B.?

[析]good為形容詞,如:Heisgood.他是個(gè)好人。而well作為身體狀況的好壞講時(shí)是形容詞,如:Heiswell為他身體不錯(cuò),而作為其他意思時(shí)為副詞,如:HespeaksEnglishwell.?

17?Youlook___thanbefore,why??

A.morethinB.morethinner

C.muchmorethinD.muchthinner?

[答案]D.?

[析]多音節(jié)形容詞才用more或most加形容詞來表示其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí),而thin的比較級(jí)為thinner。?

18?Letsgooutforsuppernow.Imvery___.?

A.hungryB.angry

C.tiredD.thirsty?

[答案]A.?

[析]hungry-餓,angry-生氣,tired-緊,疲勞,thirsty-口渴。要注意名詞的詞義。?

19?-Canyouunderstandme??

-Sorry,Ican___understandyou.?

A.hardlyB.almost

C.evenD.ever?

[答案]A.?

[析]hardly為一否定詞,用在句中時(shí)應(yīng)被看作是否定句。在答語中Sorry決定了其意為"聽不明白",所以只能選hardly。?

20?"___doyouwritetoyourpenfriend?"?

"Abouttwiceamonth."?

A.HowoftenB.Howsoon

C.HowmuchD.Howlong?

[答案]A.?

[析]howoften用來提問某一動(dòng)作經(jīng)多久就要發(fā)生一次,也就是提問發(fā)生的頻率。howsoon是問從現(xiàn)在起還有多久。?

21?ChangjiangRiveris___riverinChina??

A.longB.longer

C.longestD.thelongest?

[答案]D.?

22?Illwork___Ican.?

A.sohardlyasB.sohardas

C.ashardlyasD.ashardas?

[答案]D.?

[析]hard可用作形容詞和副詞,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood?又如:Itisraininghard。而hardly是副詞,其詞義是"幾乎不",如:HardlydidIsleeplastnight.我昨晚幾乎沒有睡覺。而且hardly用于句首時(shí)要采用倒裝語序。as…as即可以用于肯定句,也可以用于否定句,但so…as則只能用于否定句中。?

23?Itisvery___tolistentohim.?

A.interestedB.interesting

C.interestedinD.interest?

[答案]B.?

[析]interest作為名詞有兩個(gè)詞義,①興趣,②銀行中所講的利息。而其形容詞interesting是"使人感興趣的",而interested是"感興趣的"如:HeisinterestedinEnglish.?

24?Thingsare___worsethanIthought.?

A.moreB.few

C.veryD.much?

[答案]D.?

[析]只有much可以修飾比較級(jí)。?

25?Itisoneoclock,butherfatherhasntcomeback___.?

A.alreadyB.still

C.tooD.yet?

[答案]D.?

[析]完成時(shí)的否定句尾要用yet,而already則用于肯定句。?

26?ComradeChenis___olderthanI.?

A.veryB.more

C.muchD.quite?

[答案]C.?

[析]只有much可以修飾比較級(jí)。可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞還有much,far,evenalittle,byfar等。?

27?Shedidherhomework___.?

A.carefullyB.careful

C.careD.careless?

[答案]A.?

[析]這里應(yīng)填入副詞,而careless是由care加less后輟得來的,less意為"沒有",是否定之意,如:careless-不小心,homeless-無家可歸。而carefully為副詞。?

28?TheycantanswerthequestioninJapanese;wecantanswerit,___.?A.alsoB.too

C.eitherD.neither?

[答案]C.?

29?-Howareyourparents??

-Theyarevery___,thankyou.?

A.goodB.kind

C.wellD.happy?

[答案]C.?

[析]由問句得知其詢問的是身體如何,所以well作為身體狀況不錯(cuò)時(shí)應(yīng)視為形容詞。?30?Peterruns___inourclass.?

A.thefastB.faster

C.fastestD.mostfast?

[答案]C.?

[析]副詞的最高級(jí)前可以加定冠詞,也可以不加定冠詞。?

31?Wewereall___gladthatwesanganddanced.?

A.suchB.so

C.veryD.quite?

[答案]B.?

[析]在so與that之間只有形容詞時(shí)不可用such。?

32?Katesings___Joan.?

A.aswellasB.asgoodas

C.sogoodasD.asbetteras?

[答案]A.?

[析]這里well為副詞,意為"唱得好"。?

33?Thiseggsmells___,thoughitlooksallright.?

A.goodB.well

C.badD?badly?

[答案]C.?

[析]smell為系動(dòng)詞,其后應(yīng)加形容詞,而不是副詞。同樣的詞,還有sound,feel,seem、become(變成)等等,如:Icefeelscoldinwinter.?

34?Waitaminute,Ihave___totellyou.?

A.somethinginterestedB.somethinginteresting?

C.interestingsomethingD.anythinginteresting?

[答案]B.?

[析]修飾不定代詞的修飾詞要放在不定代詞之后。?

35?Ishallvisityou___nextyear.?

A.sometimesB.sometime

C.sometimeD.sometimes?

[答案]B.?

[析]sometimes有時(shí),sometime某一時(shí)刻,sometime一段時(shí)間,sometimes若干次?

36?Mysistersaidshewouldtrytospeak___Englisheveryday.?

A.alittleB.afew

C.litttleD.few?

[答案]A.?

[析]little修飾不可數(shù)名詞,而alittle意為"一些,一點(diǎn)"。?

37?Ihave___friendshereandIoftenvisitthem.?

A.fewB.little

C.afewD.alittle?

[答案]C.?

[析]afew意為"有些",few后面要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。?

38?Ofallthesebooks,doyouthink,whichoneis___??

A.interestingB.muchinteresting?

C.moreinterestingD.themostinteresting?

[答案]D.?

[析]Ofallthesebooks是用來表示最高級(jí)的范圍

-

2010年中考英語單詞分類復(fù)習(xí)策略5

2010年中考英語單詞分類復(fù)習(xí)策略5

五、連詞

?

(一)知識(shí)概要?

連詞是一種在句子與句子之間,短語之間以及名詞等其他詞語之間起連接作用的虛詞,它不能單獨(dú)作句子的成份。按其意義可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。?并列連詞連接的雙方是對(duì)等的。常有的并列連詞有and,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,aswellas等。但如果連接的兩部分意義不趨向一致,意義有轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞有:but,however,while(而),only(只不過)。還有表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞,如:or,orelse,otherwise…再有的是連接雙方,互為因果,或表示前因后果的連詞有:for,so,therefore(因此),then等。?從屬連詞在初中范圍內(nèi)常常用來連接名詞性從句,如:that,if,whether,其次用來連接狀語從句。其中有原因狀語從句,常用的連接詞有:whenwhile,as,since,before,after,once,assoonas,until,till連接條件狀語的連詞有:if,unless,aslongas等,而原因狀語的連接詞有because,since,as,nowthat(既然)。目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、地點(diǎn)等狀語從句的連接詞有:sothat,so…that,such…that,as…as,than,where…它們?cè)诰渥优c文章中幾乎無處不見。?具體用法見下表。?

連詞用法一覽表

種類功用例句

并列連詞連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞HeknowsneitherEnglishnorFrench.

短語Areyougoingbybusoronfoot?

分句Marywasagoodgirl,butshehadoneshortcoming.

從屬連詞引導(dǎo):狀語從句Illdoitasyoutoldme.

Youwillbelateunlessyouhurry.

連接代詞和連接副詞主語從句Whathesaidprovedtrue.

Whenwellstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.

表語從句Thisiswhyhedidntcomeyesterday.

Thatiswherehelives.

賓語從句ThemanaskedmewhichIlikedbest.?

Icantunderstandwhysheissolate.

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞定語從句Nicotineisadrugthatgetsoneintothehabitofsmoking.?

HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.

(二)正誤辨析?

[誤]Bothmyparentsarenothere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.?

[正]Neitherofmyparentsishere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.?

[析]在英語中both一般用于肯定句中,如用于否定句中,其意義也不同于漢語,如:Bothofusarenotright.在英語中應(yīng)被理解為"我們倆不都對(duì)。"而Neitherofusisright。才能被理解為"我們倆無一正確"。?

[誤]Heorhisparentshassometicketsforthefilm.?

[正]Heorhisparentshavesometicketsforthefilm.?

[析]由or連接兩主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與相臨近的那一個(gè)主語保持一致。?

[誤]Youshouldstudyhard,andyouwontpasstheexam.?

[正]Youshouldstudyhard,oryouwontpasstheexam.?

[析]or作為連詞,這里的意思為"否則"。又如:Hurryup,oryoullbelateforschool.

[誤]Thoughheispoor,butheisreadytohelpothers.?

[正]Thoughheispoor,heisreadytohelpothers.?

[正]Heispoor,butheisreadytohelpothers.?

[析]"雖然……但是"是中文中的常用結(jié)構(gòu),但在英文中用了"雖然"則不要用"但是",用了"但是"則不能再用"雖然",二者只可用其一。?

[誤]EitheryouorIareonduty.?

[正]EitheryouorIamonduty.?

[析]either…or連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞與相臨近的一個(gè)主語相呼應(yīng),這也叫作就近原則。類似的用法還有or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等。?

[誤]TomisourEnglishteacherandteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.?

[正]TomisourEnglishteacherandisteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.?

[析]并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略,以免重復(fù),但不是所有詞都可作任意的省略的。當(dāng)你連接的是兩個(gè)系動(dòng)詞時(shí),后面的那個(gè)系動(dòng)詞不可省略,也就是講連接的部分不可省略。?

[誤]Myfatherlikesswimmingandtocollectstamps.?

[正]Myfatherlikesswimmingandcollectingstamps.?

[析]由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)部分要保持相等的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。如是動(dòng)名詞則都用動(dòng)名詞,如用不定式則都應(yīng)用不定式,這是初學(xué)者要注意的一點(diǎn)。?

[誤]Myfatherisreadinganewspaper,Iamdoingmyhomework.?

[正]MyfatherisreadinganewspaperwhileIamdoingmyhomework.?

[析]兩個(gè)并列句中間不可用逗號(hào)連接,要用并列連詞來連接。?

[誤]MyfatheraskedmethatifIwantedtolearnhowtodrive.?

[正]MyfatheraskedmeifIwantedtolearnhowtodrive.?

[析]賓語從句的連接詞只能有一個(gè)不能重復(fù)使用。?

[誤]WewillgobothtoBeijingandShanghai.?

[正]WewillgotobothBeijingandShanghai.?

[析]用both…and…作連接詞時(shí),其相連接的部分結(jié)構(gòu)也要相同。?

[誤]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersisgoingtodance.?

[正]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersaregoingtodance.?

[析]由notonly…butalso…連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),其重點(diǎn)在其后面的那一個(gè)主語,所以謂語形式應(yīng)采用就近原則。?

[誤]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsarecoming.?

[正]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsiscoming.?

[析]由aswellas連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與aswellas后面的名詞無關(guān),而與前面的名詞相一致。?

[誤]Tomdoesnotswimnorplayfootball.?

[正]Tomdoesnotswimorplayfootball.?

[析]nor主要用于連接句子的對(duì)等連詞,如在否定句中連接某一部分時(shí)要用or,但要注意句子的含意,如:Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacoworahorse.這個(gè)動(dòng)物既不像牛也不像馬。Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacowbutahorse.這個(gè)動(dòng)物不像牛而像馬。?

[誤]Forthereisnolightintheclassroom.Thestudentsmusthavegonehome.

[正]Thestudentsmusthavegonehome,forthereisnolightintheclassroom.

[析]由for引出的原因狀語從句在使用時(shí)要注意不能將該從句置于句首,而應(yīng)置于主句之后,并在主句與從句之間加一逗號(hào)。更要注意的是because,as,since與for4個(gè)表示原因的連詞中because是因果關(guān)系,是最強(qiáng)的一個(gè),而for是最弱的一個(gè)。有些語法書中干脆把for叫做并列連詞

[誤]MybrotherwillpasstheEnglishexamisnoquestion.?

[正]ThatmybrotherwillpasstheEnglishexamisnoquestion.?

[析]主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that是不可省略的。這一點(diǎn)不要和賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相提并論。

[誤]Thismapwillshowyouhowwillyougettothehotel.?

[正]Thismapwillshowyouhowyouwillgettothehotel.?

[析]名詞性從句作賓語從句使用時(shí),最重要的一點(diǎn)是要用陳述語句。特別要注意的是那些使用雙賓語的動(dòng)詞,如:tell,ask,show…?

[誤]Whiletheclockstruchten,allthelightswentout.?

[正]Whentheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.?

[析]while是強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作在同時(shí)進(jìn)行中,如:WhileIamdoingmyhomework,myfatherisreadinganewspaper.而這里的when是"正當(dāng)某某時(shí)刻","就在這一時(shí)間點(diǎn)上",其重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)在某一特定時(shí)刻某動(dòng)作的發(fā)生。?

[誤]WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.?

[正]WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.?

[析]這里用when表達(dá)在一個(gè)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行中,另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生了。正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作用一進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),而突然發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般時(shí)態(tài)。?

[誤]WhileIheardthebadnewsIfeltsad.?

[正]WhenIheardthebadnews,Ifeltsad.?

[析]while不能表達(dá)一點(diǎn)兒的時(shí)間,即瞬時(shí)某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)。?

[誤]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootball,orothersgotothelibrary.

[正]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootball,whileothersgotothelibrary.

[析]while在此處意為"而,然而"。?

[誤]Shesangwhenshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.?

[正]Shesangasshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.?

[析]as用于句中時(shí),其要點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的同時(shí)進(jìn)行。這里用when雖然不能講是語法上的錯(cuò)誤,但則看不出來小女孩因獨(dú)自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。?

[誤]Ifinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?

[正]Ididntfinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?

[正]Ididmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?

[析]until用在句中時(shí)其含義是某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某時(shí)結(jié)束,那么句中的動(dòng)詞則一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如果要用瞬間,或截止性動(dòng)詞時(shí)一定要用否定句式。因截止性動(dòng)作的否定式應(yīng)看作是持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作。如離開leave是瞬間動(dòng)作,因一出門即為離開了,而不離開則是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的。?

[誤]IhavestudiedEnglishwhenIwastwelve.?

[正]IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwastwelve.?

[析]since引出的時(shí)間狀語從句是表達(dá)了一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),而這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)是主句動(dòng)作的啟始點(diǎn),所以主句一般要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。?

[誤]Becausehedidntstudyhard,sohedidntpasstheexam.?

[正]Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhard.?

[析]because與so在英文中兩者不能并用的,只能在句中用其一。?

[誤]Hewassuchexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.?

[正]Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.?

[析]so與such的用法可以分為四種情況,①用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,其格式是such+不定冠詞+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如:Itissuchabeautifulbookthateverychildlikesit.也可以用so,其格式是so+形容詞+不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如:Itwassobeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.②在不可數(shù)名詞前或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前這時(shí)只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherthatwewanttoswim.又如:Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheycanpasstheexameasily.③在few,little,much,many這4個(gè)字前只能用so而不能用such,如:IhavesomuchmoneythatIcanbuyeverythingIwant.④當(dāng)that前只有形容詞或副詞時(shí),這時(shí)只能用so,如:Sheissobeautifulthateveryonelikesher.HeransofastthatIcouldntkeepupwithhim.?

[誤]Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.

[正]Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastocatchthefirstbus.?

[正]Hegotupsoearlierthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.?

[析]so…that與sothat的用法有相同之處,那就是其后接從句,而soasto其后要接不定式,即動(dòng)詞原形。這樣的詞組還有:inorderto。?

[誤]Iwanttobuysamestampthatyouhave.?

[正]Iwanttobuythesamestampasyouhave.?

[析]thesame…as(that)這是個(gè)固定用法,在same前的定冠詞是不能少的。而thesame…that意為"我要的就是那一個(gè)"。而thesame…as為"要的是和……一樣的東西"。

[誤]BeforeIdonotgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.?

[正]BeforeIgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.?

[析]這種錯(cuò)誤是由于受中文的影響。在中文中可以講"我沒給你答案前"。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。?

(三)例題解析?

1?WeboughtGrannyapresent,___shedidntlikeit.?

A.butB.and

C.orD.so?

[答案]A.?

[析]由于句意的原因,應(yīng)選擇轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。?

2?Runquickly,___wellmisstheearlytrain.?

A.andB.but

C.soD.or?

[答案]D.?

[析]or這里應(yīng)譯為:否則。?

3?Illgivethebooktohim___hecomesback.?

A.sinceB.assoonas

C.beforeD.until?

[答案]B.?

[析]assoonas引出的時(shí)間狀語從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。?

4?Dontcrosstheroad___thelightturnsgreen.?

A.whenB.while

C.untilD.as?

[答案]C.?

[析]until應(yīng)譯為"直到……才",因?yàn)榍懊娴钠硎咕錇榉穸ň?。又?Shedidnotgotobeduntilhermothercameback.應(yīng)譯為"直到她媽媽回來她才睡覺"。?

5?MissGaohasbeenateacher___1990.?

A.beforeB.after

C.sinceD.in?

[答案]C.?

[析]因?yàn)橹骶錇橥瓿蓵r(shí),所以應(yīng)用since表示該動(dòng)作的啟始點(diǎn)。?

6?-Whichwouldyoulikebetter,tea___milk??

-Tea,please.?

A.butB.and

C.orD.with?

[答案]C.?

[析]在疑問句與否定句中應(yīng)用or來表示一種選擇。?

7?Welovespring___theresbeautifulflowerseverywhere.?

A.thoughB.but

C.orD.because?

[答案]D.?

[析]因?yàn)檫@里表示的是因果關(guān)系。?

8?Pleaseleave___7∶00,thenyoullbeabletoget___thereearlier.?

A.till,inB.from,/

C.before,/D.behind,to?

[答案]C.?

[析]before為在7∶00之前離開。?

9?Theteacherdidntbeginthelesson___allthestudentsstoppedtalking.?

A.untilB.after

C.ifD.because?

[答案]A.?

[析]這句應(yīng)譯為"直到所有的學(xué)生都停止講話老師才開始上課"。因begin為瞬間動(dòng)詞,所以應(yīng)用否定句。?

10?Bettydidntgotoseethefilmyesterday___shewasill.?

A.butB.until

C.ifD.because?

[答案]D.?

[析]這里是表示因果關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)用because。因?yàn)樗×怂晕慈タ措娪啊?

11?Youmuststartrightnow,___youllmissthetrain.?

A.forB.and

C.soD.or?

[答案]D.?

[析]or譯為"否則"。本句句意為:你必須馬上走了,否則要趕不上火車了。?

12?___heisachildofsix,hecanreadandwrite.?

A.WhoseB.If

C.ThoughD.Because?

[答案]C.?

[析]這種狀語從句在英語中稱為讓步狀語從句,應(yīng)譯為:雖然他才是個(gè)6歲的孩子,他卻可以讀書和寫字。?

13?Ilikefish,___chicken,___eggs.?

A.and,andB.and,with

C./,andD.and,/?

[答案]C.?

[析]在有若干個(gè)名詞或動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí),每一個(gè)詞之間只用逗號(hào)連接,只在最后兩個(gè)詞之間加and。如:Theoldmanpassedthestreet,wentintoashopandboughtsomefood。

14?Takethisdictionarywithyou___youmayuseitinclass.?

A.whenB.inorderto

C.butD.sothat?

[答案]D.?

[析]sothat應(yīng)譯為"為的是"。本句句義為:帶上字典,為的是在上課時(shí)可能有用。而inorderto其后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式,如:Takethisdictionarywithyouinordertouseitinclass。?

15?Ihope___willbefinetomorrow.?

A.itB.what

C.whetherD.when?

[答案]A.?

[析]hope后接的是賓語從句,而且賓語從句中少主語,應(yīng)用it來代替天氣。?

16?___shewasnotwell,Idecidedtogowithouther.?

A.ThoughB.As

C.WhenD.Becauseof?

[答案]B.?

[析]as這里應(yīng)譯為"由于"。全句意為:由于她不舒服,我決定不帶她去了。而becauseof其后不能接從句只能接賓語。如:Becauseoftheheavyrain,wedecidednottogo。

17?Myauntboughtme___manystorybooksthatIspentalotoftimethem.?

A.such…onB.such…in

C.too…inD?so…on?

[答案]D.?

[析]因many前只能用so來修飾,所以只能選擇D選項(xiàng)。而spend…onsomething為在某事上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢。如:Shespentalotofmoneyonherclothes。?

18?Motherwascooking___she___aknockatthedoor.?

A.when,listentoB.while,listenedto?

C.while,heardD.when,heard?

[答案]D.?

[析]when在這里應(yīng)譯為:就在那時(shí),那一刻,那一瞬間。?

19?Speakslowly,___wecanunderstandyou.?

A.andB.or

C.ifD.because?

[答案]A.?

[析]and這里是并列連詞,應(yīng)譯為:請(qǐng)講慢些這樣我們就會(huì)明白你的意思。?

20?YoulllearnEnglishwell___youputyourheartintoit.?

A.ifB.so

C.untilD.or?

[答案]A.?

[析]本句譯為:如果你將心放在學(xué)習(xí)上,你就會(huì)將英語學(xué)好。這里的語法現(xiàn)象是從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。?

21?Iwontletyouin___youshowmeyourpass.?

A.untilB.for

C.sinceD.because?

[答案]A.?

22?Shedidntgotoschool___shewasill.?

A.whyB.because

C.whereD.but?

[答案]B.?

2010年中考英語單詞分類復(fù)習(xí)策略1

2010年中考英語單詞分類復(fù)習(xí)策略1

一、名詞

(一)知識(shí)概要

名詞的概念在不同的語法教課書中有不同的解釋和分類方法,但就實(shí)際應(yīng)用來講還是不要過分地追求其理論概念,而更多的要把注意力放在其應(yīng)用上來。我們不妨把它分為兩大類:專有名詞與普通名詞。顧名思義,專有名詞是指:個(gè)人、事物、機(jī)關(guān)等所專有的名稱,如,theGreatWall,America…它們是不能隨意變動(dòng)的。而普通名詞中則包括個(gè)體名詞,如pen,worker…它表示單一的個(gè)體人或事物;集體名詞,如:family,class,team,它表示的是由若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體;物質(zhì)名詞,如:water,paper…它表示的是一種物質(zhì),原材料;而后一種是抽象名詞,如:work,time…它表示著一種在實(shí)際生活中看不見、摸不到,但卻與實(shí)際生活緊密相關(guān)的某些動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)的抽象概念。見下表。

名詞一覽表

種類

專有名詞

London,John,theCommunistPartyofChina

普通名詞類名詞nurse,boy,worker,pencil,dog,table

集體名詞class,family,army,police,team,people

物質(zhì)名詞water,steel,glass,cotton,wood,sand

抽象名詞happiness,love,work,life,courage,honest

功用

主語MyfamilyisnowinNewYork.

表語Hisfatherisascientist.

賓語Weloveourgreatmotherland.

賓語補(bǔ)足語HemadeLondonthebaseforhiswork.

定語Thegirlsaremakingpaperflowesrs.

狀語Thecarcosthim1000dollars.

同位語MrBrown,afamousscientist,willcomehere.

名詞在使用中的難點(diǎn)在于名詞的數(shù),即可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。不可數(shù)名詞不能用數(shù)字計(jì)算,所以它通常只有單數(shù)形式。它包含有專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞等,如:English,air,water,cotton,work…可數(shù)名詞是可以用數(shù)量加以計(jì)算的名詞,所以它具有單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式兩種。可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律是:

1.一般情況加s,如:pen-pens,doctor-doctors,boy-boys,其讀音規(guī)則是在清輔音后讀[s],在元音和濁輔音后讀[z]。如:map-map,boy-boys.

2.在以s,sh,ch,x結(jié)尾的名詞后面加es,如:bus-buses,class-classes,其讀音為[iz]。

3.以ce,se,ze,(d)ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s,其讀音為[iz]。

4.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,要將y變?yōu)閕再加es,讀作[z],如:factory-factories,country-countries,family-families.但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加s,如:boy-boys,day-days。

5.以o結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般要加es,但如果o前面是元音字母或外來詞,縮寫詞以o結(jié)尾的則只加s,如:tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes;photo-photos,radio-radios,piano-pianos

6.以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要將f或fe變?yōu)関再加es,如:knife-knives,leaf-leaves,但有些例外的詞如roof的復(fù)數(shù)形式是roofs。

7.不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是要單個(gè)記憶的,它沒有規(guī)律可循,如:man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice

8.單復(fù)同形的名詞有:fish,sheep,deer…

9.單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有:people,police等。?名詞還有格的變化,其主格可作主語,賓格可作賓語。還有所有格,用來表示人或物的所有,以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加s其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s,如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加s,如:astudentsroom,studentsrooms,ChildrensDay.在表示時(shí)間、距離、世界、國家……名詞的所有格要用s,如:atwentyminuteswalk.但無生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu),如:thecapitalofourcountry,thecolouroftheflowers

(二)正誤辨析

[誤]Pleasegivemeapaper.

[正]Pleasegivemeapieceofpaper.

[析]不要認(rèn)為可以數(shù)的名詞就是可數(shù)名詞,這種原因是對(duì)英語中可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的概念與中文中的能數(shù)與不能數(shù)相混淆了,所以造成了這樣的錯(cuò)誤,因paper在英語中是屬于物質(zhì)名詞一類,是不可數(shù)名詞。而不可數(shù)名詞要表達(dá)數(shù)量時(shí),要用與之相關(guān)的量詞來表達(dá),如:twopiecesofpaper.

[誤]Pleasegivemetwoletterpapers.

[正]Pleasegivemetwopiecesofletterpaper.

[析]paper作為紙講是不可數(shù)名詞,而作為報(bào)紙、考卷、文章講時(shí)則是可數(shù)名詞,如:Eachstudentshouldwriteapaperonwhathehaslearnt.

[誤]Myglassesisbroken.

[正]Myglassesarebroken.

[誤]Iwanttobuytwoshoes.

[正]Iwanttobuytwopairsofshoes.

[析]英語中g(shù)lasses-眼鏡,shoes-鞋,trousers-褲子等由兩部分組成的名詞一般要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果要表示一副眼鏡應(yīng)用apairofglasses而這時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與量詞相一致。如:Thispairofglassesisverygood.

[誤]MayIborrowtworadioes?

[正]MayIborrowtworadios?

[析]以o結(jié)尾的名詞大都是用加es來表示其復(fù)數(shù)形式,但如果o前面是一個(gè)元音字母或外來語時(shí)則只加s就可以了。這樣的詞有zoo-zoos,piano-pianos.

[誤]ThisisaMarysdictionary.

[正]ThisisMarysdictionary.

[析]如名詞前有指示代詞this,that,thesethose,及其他修飾詞our,some,every,which,或所有格時(shí),則不要再加冠詞。

[誤]Therearemuchpeopleinthegarden.

[正]Therearemanypeopleinthegarden.

[析]可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)用many,few,afew,alotof來修飾,而people是可數(shù)名詞,而且是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:Thepeopleareplantingtreeshere.

[誤]Iwantafewwater.

[正]Iwantalittlewater.

[析]不可數(shù)名詞前可以用alittle,little,alotof,some來修飾,但不可用many,few來修飾。

[誤]Thankyouverymuch.Yourfamilyisverykindtome.

[正]Thankyouverymuch.Yourfamilyareverykindtome.

[誤]TomsandMarysfamilyarewaitingforus.

[正]TomsandMarysfamiliesarewaitingforus.

[誤]Imsorry.Ihavetogo.Tomsfamiliesarewaitingforme.

[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogo.Tomsfamilyarewaitingforme.

[析]集合名詞如果指某個(gè)集合的整體,則應(yīng)視為單數(shù),如指某個(gè)集合體中的個(gè)體則應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)。如:Myfamilyisabigfamily.WhenIcamein,TomsfamilywerewatchingTV.即湯姆一家人正在看電視。這樣的集合名詞有:familyclass,team等。

[誤]Donteattoomuchmeats.

[正]Donteattoomuchmeat.

[誤]Foodinthatrestaurantisverygood.

[正]Thefoodinthatrestaurantisverygood.

[析]物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,在使用中不可以加s,即它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。也不可加不定冠詞。但如果用于特指某一物質(zhì)時(shí)可以加定冠詞。如:Idontlikedrinkingcoffee,butthecoffeeinthatcupisreallygood.

[誤]Pleasegivemetwowaters.

[正]Pleasegivemetwoglassesofwater.

[正]Pleasegivemetwocoffees.

[析]物質(zhì)名詞如要加計(jì)量時(shí),一定要加量詞,?如:twocupsoftea,twoglassesofwater,aglassofmilk,aloafofbread,

apieceofbread,aboxofsugar,

abowlofrice,abottleoforange,

abagofearth

?例:Illtellyouapieceofgoodnews.

但只有coffee可以用coffees來取代manycupsofcoffee.

[誤]Canyougivemethenewspaperoftoday?

[正]Canyougivemetodaysnewspaper?

[析]加s構(gòu)成所有格的名詞一般應(yīng)指有生命的人或物。如:Maryshair,但在英文的習(xí)慣用法中對(duì)時(shí)間、距離等名詞的所有格多用s來構(gòu)成而不用of結(jié)構(gòu)。如:afiveminuteswalk.

[誤]Pleasemakearoomfortheladyintheschoolbus.

[正]Pleasemakeroomfortheladyintheschoolbus.

[析]英語中更多的名詞是含有多種用法和多種含意的,

如:room為可數(shù)名詞時(shí)為"房間",如:IliveinRoom5.而room為抽象名詞時(shí)為空間上面一句話應(yīng)譯為"請(qǐng)給老婦人在校車上留個(gè)地方。"這樣的詞還有:glass玻璃glasses眼鏡stone石頭astone一塊石頭time時(shí)間twotimes兩次wood木頭woods樹林

[誤]Thereisaflowersgardenbehindmyhouse.

[正]Thereisaflowergardenbehindmyhouse.

[析]名詞除了在句中作主語、賓語、表語外,還可以用來修飾另一個(gè)名詞,這時(shí)作修飾詞的名詞一般要用單數(shù)形式,如:shoefactory(鞋廠),postoffice(郵局),eveningpaper(晚報(bào)),nightschool(夜校),headmaster(校長(zhǎng)),alawschool(法律學(xué)院)。但也有例外,如:agoodstrain(貨車),sportsmeeting(運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì))。

[誤]Mymotherboughttwofishesforsupperthismorning.

[正]Mymotherboughttwofishforsupperthismorning.

[析]英語中有些名詞單復(fù)同形,如:fish,deer,sheep,Chinese(中國人),means(方法)。所以應(yīng)講onefish,twofish,oneChinese,twoChinese.如果講Therearefivefishesinthepool.應(yīng)譯為池中有五種魚而不是五條魚。

[誤]Maryexpressedherthanktoherboyfriend.

[正]Maryexpressedherthankstoherboyfriend.

[析]英語中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:thanks,greens,而有些詞單數(shù)形式與復(fù)數(shù)形式有不同的詞意。如:clothes為衣服,而cloth則是布,sand沙子,而sands是沙灘。

[誤]Iofferedmysonmycongratulationonhissuccess.

[正]Iofferedmysonmycongratulationsonhissuccess.

[析]英語中表示祝賀的詞雖有單數(shù)形式,但一般要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如握手為shakehands.

[誤]WehavefiveGermaninthismeeting.

[正]WehavefiveGermansinthismeeting.

[析]英國人Englishman的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Englishmen,而German則要加s,因?yàn)樗皇怯蓢cman的組合詞。

[誤]TherearetwoAsinthisword.

[正]TherearetwoAsinthisword.

[析]在大寫字母縮寫形式的復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)法中應(yīng)加s,但如字母是A、I時(shí),為了防止與As和Is相混,則要用s即As,Is

[誤]Therearethree6sandtwo3sinmytelephonenumber.

[正]Therearethree6sandtwo3sinmytelephonenumber.

[析]在小寫字母與數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)法中要用s

[誤]Wehavemanywomanteachersinourschool.

[正]Wehavemanywomenteachersinourschool.

[析]一般組合名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)只將詞中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)如:?

halfbrother-halfbrothers(同父異母或同母異父的兄弟)daughterinlaw-daughtersinlaw,(兒媳)但要注意的是:mandriver-mendrivers(男司機(jī))womandoctor-womendoctors(女大夫)grownup-grownups(成年人)但是boystudent-則變?yōu)閎oystudents

[誤]Physicsareverydifficulttolearn.

[正]Physicsisverydifficulttolearn.

[析]雖以s結(jié)尾但只能用作單數(shù)名詞有:科學(xué),學(xué)科名字:Physics.Mathematicspolitics游戲名稱:bowls專有名稱:NiagaraFalls(尼亞加拉瀑布)其他名詞:news(消息,新聞)

[誤]Thereisapeopleintheroom.

[正]Thereisapersonintheroom.

[正]Thereisamanintheroom.

[析]people是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,不可用作單數(shù),如要用來講一個(gè)人時(shí)應(yīng)用aperson,aman,awoman。同樣的詞有police.要講一個(gè)警察時(shí)則要用apoliceman,apolicewoman。

[誤]Whereismyshoe?

[正]Wherearemyshoes?

[析]常常只用作復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞有trousers,pants,shorts(短褲),socks(襪子),shoes,gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一個(gè)則要指明,這時(shí)還是應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如:Wheresmyleftglove?(我左手的手套在哪?)

[誤]Ipaidfivepenniesforthesweet.

[正]Ipaidfivepenceforthesweet.

[析]英語中便士有兩個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)形式pence用來表達(dá)一定數(shù)量的錢。而pennies是指一個(gè)個(gè)的硬幣,如:Iwanttochangethisnoteforpennies.我想把這紙幣換成硬幣。(即一便士一個(gè)的硬幣)。

[誤]Therearemanyfruitintheshop.

[正]Therearemanyfruitsintheshop.

[析]物質(zhì)名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,但是用來表示種類時(shí)則可以用作可數(shù)名詞,這里應(yīng)譯為各種各樣的水果。?

[誤]Thereisanewcar.ItisJonesandMarys.

[正]Thereisanewcar.ItisJoneandMarys.

[析]有生命名詞的所有格,如果是單數(shù)名詞則加s如:Maryscar.如果是以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則只在s后面加如:teachersoffices.如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞但不是以s結(jié)尾,則只加s,如:childrenspalace組合名詞的所有格是在最后一個(gè)詞尾加s如:girlfriend-girlfriendssomeoneelse-someoneelsesaweekorthree-aweekorthrees如名詞后有同位語時(shí),則應(yīng)加在同位語的詞尾上,如:Itismygirlfriend,Maryscar.要注意的是當(dāng)兩個(gè)名詞并列時(shí),如表示歸兩人共同所有,則在最后一個(gè)名詞后面加s,如果表示分別所有則在兩個(gè)名詞后分別加s,如:ThisisMaryandJoneshome.即Mary與Jone是一家人。這是他們共同的家。而TheseareMarysandJoneshomes.則應(yīng)譯為這里是Mary的家與Jone的家。

[誤]Itisreallybeautiful.Itisaworkofnature.

[正]Itisreallybeautiful.ItisaNatureswork.

[析]無生命名詞的所有格應(yīng)用of結(jié)構(gòu)。但是s形式的所有格可用于以下無生命的名詞:表示時(shí)間的詞:todaysnewspaper,atwentyminuteswalk,anhours,rest表示長(zhǎng)度的詞:threemetresdistance,aboatslength,twentymilesjourney表示重量的名詞:twopoundsweight價(jià)格名詞:twodollarsworth擬人化的名詞:Natureswork,natureslesson(大自然的教訓(xùn))及國家、機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、城市等機(jī)構(gòu)性名詞:theuniversityslibrary

[誤]Heisanoldfriendofmyfather.

[正]Heisanoldfriendofmyfathers.

[析]這是英語中的一種習(xí)慣用法而不要根據(jù)語法去推理。如:ThispenisToms.

[誤]Myfatherisagoodcooker.

[正]Myfatherisagoodcook.

[析]一般動(dòng)詞加上er后則轉(zhuǎn)意為執(zhí)行該動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,如:teach(教)-teacher(老師),think(想)-thinker(思想家),drive(開車)-driver(司機(jī)),sell(賣)-seller(賣物者)……但不能總是以此類推,比如cook是動(dòng)詞"做飯"。而cook也可作為名詞"廚師"講,而cooker則為廚具,餐具,即鍋、碗、勺等做飯用具。

[誤]Theyoungisdancingthere.

[正]Theyoungaredancingthere.

[析]英文中用定冠詞加上形容詞表示一類人時(shí)應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:therich富人,thepoor(窮人),thewise聰明人,但如果用定冠詞加形容詞來表示事物則要用作單數(shù)名詞,如:Thebeautifulisstillhere.美麗的風(fēng)景依舊。

[誤]Thestoriesofthebookwaswrittenmanyyearsago.

[正]Thestoriesofthebookwerewrittenmanyyearsago.

[析]這句話的真正主語應(yīng)是stories,所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。

[誤]ThisisoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionary.

[正]ThisisoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.

[析]oneof意為"……之一",of后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

[誤]LetsgotouncleWangforsupper.

[正]LetsgotouncleWangsforsupper.

[析]uncleWangs意為"王叔叔家",doctors意為"醫(yī)院或私人診所"。

[誤]Ithinkwewillmakeafriendwitheachother.

[正]Ithinkwewillmakefriendswitheachother.

[析]makefriends為習(xí)慣用法,即交朋友。

[誤]Iwanttotellyoumuchpiecesofgoodnews.

[正]Iwanttotellyoumanypiecesofgoodnews.

[析]news為不可數(shù)名詞,但加了量詞之后則要用many來修飾量詞,因量詞是可數(shù)名詞,或可以說Iwanttotellyousomegoodnews.因some即可用在可數(shù)名詞前,也可用在不可數(shù)名詞前作形容詞,如:Iwanttotellyousomepiecesofgoodnews.

[誤]Theteacherwithfivestudentsarecominghere.

[正]Theteacherwithfivestudentsiscominghere.

[析]要注意由with引出的介詞短語不是本句的主語,這與連詞and有很大的區(qū)別,如:Theteacherandfivestudentsarecominghere.這里由介詞引出的短語僅僅是teacher的修飾語。

[誤]Therearealotofinformationhere,butwedontneedthem.

[正]Thereisalotofinformationhere,butwedontneedit.

[析]information為不可數(shù)名詞,而用作代替它的詞要用it而不能用them.

[誤]Manyastudentmakethesamemistakeintheexam.

[正]Manyastudentmakesthesamemistakeintheexam.

[析]manya加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),作主語時(shí)其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,但其意為許多學(xué)生。

[誤]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothtogotoschooltoday.

[正]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothestogotoschooltoday.

[析]英文中cloth,clothes,clothing是易混之詞:cloth是物質(zhì)名詞,意為"布",沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,而clothing是指衣物的總稱,也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。clothes是指衣服,但沒有單數(shù)形式,如:Thisclothingisneededinwarmcountries.Herclothesaremadeoffinecloth.英文中的dress則指較正規(guī)的服裝,如:aschooldress校服,aneveningdress晚禮服。

[誤]IliketostudytheEnglish.

[正]IliketostudyEnglish.

[析]作為一種學(xué)科名詞前不要用冠詞,而作為某一特指學(xué)科則要加冠詞,如:Iliketostudyhistory.IliketostudythehistoryofAmerica.

[誤]TheBrownsisgoingtovisitChina.

[正]TheBrownsaregoingtovisitChina.

[析]定冠詞加姓加s,則意為"Brown先生一家人"。所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。此句應(yīng)譯為:Brown先生一家將要訪問中國。

(三)例題解析

1.LucyandLily___inthesameclass.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

[答案]C.

[析]由and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞來搭配謂語動(dòng)詞。

2.Whichisthe___tothebusstop,please?

AroadBwayCstreetDaddress

[答案]B.

[析]這是考察同意詞辨析,road是指較寬闊的大道,意為"鄉(xiāng)間公路",而street意為道路兩邊的建筑物較高,可視為街道之意,而way則多為要到達(dá)某地所要經(jīng)過的途徑,還可引深為方式、方法。而address則為"地址"。如:Thereisacarrunningalongthecountryroad.?Iliveat105Parkstreet.CanyoushowmethewaytotheNationalMuseum?

3.Hurryup!Thereis___timeleft.

AlittleBalittleCfewDafew

[答案]A.

[析]因time作為時(shí)間講為不可數(shù)名詞,所以不可用few,afew來修飾。另外,英文的表達(dá)法與中文不同,中文講,快點(diǎn),時(shí)間不多了,而英文要講,快點(diǎn),沒時(shí)間了。因此,要用little而不用alittle.

4.Howmany___canyouseeinthepicture?

AtomatosBtomatoesCtomatoDthetomato

[答案]B.

[析]用Howmany提問時(shí),其名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,而tomato的復(fù)數(shù)要加es.

5.-___isthemeat.Please?

-Tenyuanakilo.

AHowmuchBHowmanyCHowoldDHowlong

[答案]A.

[析]由對(duì)話的答語可看出其問句問的是價(jià)格。錢數(shù)作為整體、價(jià)格講時(shí),不論其值是多少都是不可數(shù)名詞,要用howmuch提問。

6TheboysnameisJamesAllenGreen.Sohisgivennameis___.

AJamesAllenBAllenGreenCJamesGreenDMr.Green

?[答案]A.

[析]英文的習(xí)慣與中文不同,中文是姓在前名字在后,而英文則是姓在最后,其第一個(gè)名字是由父母所起的,中間的名字可能是父母、教父所起的,但都可稱作givenname,而姓在英文中是familyname.

7Shanghaiisoneofthebiggest___inourcountry.

AcityBcitysCcitysDcities

?[答案]D.

[析]復(fù)音字母以y結(jié)尾的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要把y變成i再加es。oneof加名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。

8Wouldyoupleasepassme___?

AtwopaperBtwopapers

CtwopiecesofpaperDtwopiecesofpapers

?[答案]C.

[析]paper是不可數(shù)名詞,如講一張、兩張紙時(shí),要用量詞piece.

9September10this___Day.

ATeacherBTeachersCTeachersDTeachers

?[答案]D.

10Ionlyhave___breadforlunchtoday.

AabitBabitofClittleDfew

[答案]B.

11"Whatwouldyoulike,Ann?""Idliketwo___."

AglassofmilkBglassesofmilk

CglassofmilksDglassesofmilks

?[答案]B.

12Thereisnt___paperinthebox.Willyougoandget___forme?

Aany,someBany,anyCsome,someDsome,any

?[答案]A.

[析]any用于否定句與疑問句,但如果要表達(dá)說話者真心實(shí)意希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí),問句中要用some而不要按一般語法規(guī)律用any.

13June1stis___.

AChildrensdayBchildrensDay

CChildrensDayDchildrensday?

[答案]C.

14Theseforeignfriendsare___.

AGermanBGermenCGermanyDGermans

[答案]D.

15Allthestudentsarebusy,so___ofthemwillgotothecinema.

AmanyBlittleCafewDfew

?[答案]D.

[析]student是可數(shù)名詞,而few用于可數(shù)名詞,意為:幾乎沒有學(xué)生去電影院。

16Therearethree___andseven___inthepicture.

Adeers,sheepsBdeers,sheep

Cdeer,sheepDdeer,sheeps

?[答案]C.

[析]deer與sheep均是單復(fù)同形的名詞。

?17Whoseroomisthis?Its___.

AmyBKikesandJohns

CourDKikeandJohns

[答案]D.