高中美術(shù)說課及教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間：2020-11-09上海新世紀(jì)英語高二全部課文（包括AdditionalReading）及重點(diǎn)詞組。
一名優(yōu)秀的教師在教學(xué)時(shí)都會(huì)提前最好準(zhǔn)備，作為高中教師就要精心準(zhǔn)備好合適的教案。教案可以更好的幫助學(xué)生們打好基礎(chǔ)，幫助高中教師能夠井然有序的進(jìn)行教學(xué)。高中教案的內(nèi)容要寫些什么更好呢？下面是小編幫大家編輯的《上海新世紀(jì)英語高二全部課文（包括AdditionalReading）及重點(diǎn)詞組》，歡迎大家與身邊的朋友分享吧！
上海新世紀(jì)英語高二全部課文（包括AdditionalReading）及重點(diǎn)詞組高二第二學(xué)期
17.Wordsandtheirstories
18.Englishproverbs
19.Tipsonmakingapublicspeech
20.Keepitshortfortheaudience’ssake
21.Makingfriends
22.Whatdoesfriendshipmeantowesterners?
23.Adjo
24.Ryan,hisfriends,andhisincredibletorchrun
25.Thefatherofmodernphysics
26.Thesurvivalofthefittest
27.Miracleinthericefield
28.Newton’sthreeimportantlaws
29.Oliverwantsmore(AdaptedfromOliverTwistCharlesDickens)
30.Enjoytheclassics
31.Issheguilty?(AdaptedfromThePrinceandthePauperMarkTwain)
32.MarkTwain
高二第二學(xué)期
17.Wordsandtheirstories
EAGERBEAVERAneagerbeaverisapersonwhoisalwayswillingtodoandisexcitedaboutdoingwhatisexpectedofhim.
Suppose,forexample,thatateachertellshisstudentstheyeachmustsolveonehundredmathproblemsbeforecomingtoschoolthenextday.Thechildrencomplainaboutsomuchhomework.Butonestudentdoesnotprotestatall.Thatstudentisaneagerbeaver.Helovestodomathproblems,anddoesnotmindallthehomework.
Theexpressionissaidtohavecomefromthenameofahard-workinganimal---thebeaver.
Beaversarestrange-lookingcreatures.Theyspendalotoftimeinthewater,buildingdamstocreatelittlelakesorponds.Theyusetheirhugeteethandworkhardtocutdowntrees,removebranchesandputthemacrossstreams.Theyusetheirtailstopackmudonthebranchestomakethedamssolid.Fewotheranimalsworksohard.
HistorianssaythebeaverhadanimportantpartinthesettlementofNorthAmerica.
TherewerehundredsofmillionsofbeaverswhenEuropeansettlersfirstarrived.Thesettlersputgreatvalueonthefurofbeavers.Infact,fortwohundredyearsormore,beaversprovidedthemostvaluablefurinNorthAmerica.Beaverskinsoftenusedasmoney.
Youngmenlookingforadventureheadedwestacrossthecountrytosearchforbeavers.Intheirsearch,theyexploredmuchofthewesternterritories.Thetradingposts,wheretheyexchangedbeaverskinsforthegoodstheyneeded,becamevillages,andlatertownsandcities.
IT’SINTHEBAGThebag---oneofthesimplestandmostusefulthingsineverymanorwoman’slife---hasgiventheworldmanystrangeexpressionsthatarenotverysimple.AnumberoftheseexpressionsarewidelyusedintheUnitedStatestoday.SomewereimportedfromEnglandalongtimeago.
Whenyouaresureofsomething,youcansay,“It’sinthebag.”
Thisphraseseemedtohavearrivedwiththemodernpaperbag.Before,Americansusedtosay,“It’sallwrappedup.”Then,thingsyouboughtwerewrappedinplainbrownpaper,orsometimesinoldnewspaper.
Anotherwidelyusedexpressionsis“toletthecatoutofthebag”,meaningtorevealawell-keptsecret.
Noonecanexplainhowthecatgotintothebag,orwhyitremainedthere.Butthereisanoldstoryaboutit.Longagotradesmansoldthingsinlargeclothbags.Onceawomanaskedforapig.Thetradesmanhelduphisclothbag.Insidetherewassupposedtobealivepig.Thewomanaskedtoseeit.Whenthedishonesttradesmanopenedthebag,outjumpedasquealingcat,notapig.Thetradesman’ssecretwasout:hewastricky,andnoweverybodyknewit.
18.Englishproverbs
Characters
TeacherofEnglish:MsSmith(MS)
Students:Li(LI),Mao(MA),Anne(AN),Rivera(RI)
MS:Goodmorning,everyone.Ihopeyouallknowwhatweareherefor.Thetopicofourdiscussionthismorningis“EnglishProverbs”.
LI:So,I’mintherightgroup.
MA:Me,too.
RI:Me,too.
MS:ButIwastoldwewouldhavefour…andyet…
AN:I’mcoming.Goodmorning.AmIlate?
MS:Morning.“Speakofangelsandyouheartheirsongs.”
AN:Isthataproverbreferringtomycoming?
MS:Exactly.
LI:WehaveasayinginChinese,whichIthinkisverycloseinmeaning…
MA:SpeakofCaoCaoandheappears.
MS:Right.Well,“firstthingsfirst”.Aproverbisatraditionalsayingwhichoffersadviceorpresentsamoralinashortandbriefmanner.Aproverbnormallyisasentence,intowhichthewriteroftenworksrhyme.Forinstance,“Eastorwest,homeisbest.”Sometimesitcomesoutintheformofaphrase.
MA:I’veseendictionariesofproverbs.
MS:Well,therearethousandsofproverbs.Theyfallintothreemaincategories.Thoseofthefirsttypetaketheformofabstractstatements.Theyexpressgeneraltruths.Herearetwogoodexamples:“Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.”and“Amanwhoneglectshisstudiesinyouthwillregretitinlateryears.”
RI:Ithinkthereissometruthinbothproverbs.Toencourageapersonwhohashadlittleeducationforsomereasonasayoungman,wemayusetheformer.Withus,Iguessthelatterworks.
MS:Soyouhavetokeepthisinmind.Neveruseproverbsoutofcontext.“Oneman’smeatisanotherman’spoison.”
LI:Isee.Then,whatisthesecondtype?
MS:Thesecondtypeusesspecificobservationsfromeverydayexperiencetomakeageneralpoint.
AN:“Don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket.”Doesitfallintothesecondcategory?
MS:You’reright,dear.Thenthethirdtypeconsistsofsayingsfromparticularareasoftraditionalcustomsandbeliefs.“Afterdinner,restawhile;aftersupper,walkamile.”isanexampleofthistype.Suchproverbsareoftenrelatedtoagriculture,theseasons,andtheweather.
LI:Manypeopleholdtheopinionthatproverbsaregoingoutoffashion.Isthattrue?
MS:Thefactis,assomeoldonesarefallingintodisuse,newonesarebeingcreated.Thecomputerworldhasrecentlygivenuslotsofthem.
AN:I’vegotone:“Rubbishin,rubbishout.”
MA:Italsogoes“Garbagein,garbageout.”
MS:Ithinkitismorecommontosay“Garbagein,garbageout.”Well,Ihope,today“You’llhavesomethingniceoutasyouhavehadsomethingnicein.”
AN:Thankyou,MsSmith.Bytheway,dowehaveanassignmentasusual?
MS:Yes.Youaretocollectsomeproverbsofthefirsttype,thatis,proverbsthatexpressgeneraltruths.
LI:I’dliketocollectsomeonstudies.
MS:Good!I’msogladtohavebeenwithyou.(Tothefourstudents)“Strikewhiletheironishot.”Seeyounextweek.
19.Tipsonmakingapublicspeech
Itisinterestingtonotethatspeechesarealways“given”or“delivered”.Theyarenever“said”.Whengivingaspeech,therefore,itisusefultothinkofyourselfasplayingapart,i.e.acting.Thiskindofactingcallsforanintegrationofverbalandnonverbalcommunication.Nonverbalcommunicationchieflyinvolvesthespeaker’sstanceandgestures,theeyecontactbetweenthespeakerandtheaudience,andagoodcontrolofthepresentationspeedoftalking/speaking.
STANCEThisisimportanttothedeliveryofagoodspeech.Standupstraightandkeepyourheadup.Droppingyourheadlooksunprofessionalandmaypreventyouraudiencefromhearingyouclearly.Ontheotherhand,don’tstandlikeaguardonduty.Youhavetobeabletomoveinanaturalwayinordertoaddexpressiontoyourwords.Bodylanguage“says”alot.Avoidholdingyourhandstightlytogether;thiswillinterferewithfreeandnaturalmovement.Don’tplaywithkeysorcoinsinyourpocket;thiswilldistractyouraudience.
GESTURESGesturesandfacialexpressionsarebothimportantaidstothespokenwordwhenyouarecommunicating.Adull,longspeechdeliveredwithoutexpression,withoutgesturesoreyecontactwillnotbewellreceived.Theskillisindecidinghowmuchgesturingtobeemployedandinmakingsurethatyourgesturesarenatural.
Ingeneral,thelargertheaudience,themoreexpansivethegesturesshouldbe,becausetheywillnotbeseensoclearlybytheaudience.Inasmallgroup,facialexpressionswilladdalottounderstanding.Trytellingsomebodysomethingfunnywithaveryseriousface.Theywillhavedifficultybelievingwhatyouarereallysayingisfunny.
Differentgesturesaresupposedtobeusedindeliveringaspeech.Somepeopleusetheirhandsalotwhenspeaking.Youmustmakesurethatyourgesturesarenotrepeatedtoooften,andtheyshouldbeexpressiveandmeaningful.
EYECONTACTTohavemaximumimpactyouneedtomakeeachmemberofyouraudiencefellasifyouwerespeakingtothempersonally.Todothis,glancetowardsallsectionsoftheaudienceanddon’tbeafraidtomoveyourhead.Ifyoufavouronedirection,theothersidemayfeelyouareignoringthemandthereforeloseinterestinwhatyouaresaying.
TIMINGAccuratetimingisessential.Youshouldensurethatyoudon’tfallshortoforrunoverthetimeallowedforyourspeech.Eitherway,theaudiencewillfeelunhappyandloseconcentrationonyourspeech.Thebestwaytoovercomethisisthroughpreparation.Clearthinkingaboutwhatyouwanttosayandhowlongyourspeechwilllast,beforeyoustarttowriteit,willsavealotoftime.Whenpractising,makesurethatyouspeakatthecorrectspeedanddotimeyourself.
20.Keepitshortfortheaudience’ssake
HowlongshouldImakemyspeech?Howlongwillmyaudienceconcentrateonmyspeech?HoeslowlyshouldIspeaktomakemyselfclearlyunderstood?Intryingtoanswerthesequestions,weseehowimportanttimingistospeech.
KEEPYOURSPEECHLESSTHAN15MINUTESLinYutang,thefamouswriterandtranslator,oncesaidaboutthelengthofaspeech,“theshorter,thebetter.”Speakingaroundthetopicshouldbeseriouslyavoided,notonlyinspeech,butinallconversationsinEnglish.BeingindirectandroundaboutinyourapproachmaybethoughtskillfulinChinese.ButinEnglishspeech?Noway.WhenoneismakingaspeechinEnglish,heshouldalwayssticktothepoint,andusesimple,clear,anddirectlanguage.
Accordingtoscientists,audiencescangenerallyonlymanagetoconcentrateforabout13minutes.Soa10-15-minutespeechisaboutright.
ThefamousGettysburgAddress,deliveredbyAbrahamLincolnonNovember19,1863hasabout200words,butitstillmanagedtoexpresstheideathatallpeoplearebornequal.
150-160WORDSPERMINUTESpeakingspeedoftendependsontheoccasionforthespeech.Thenumberofpeopleintheaudienceisalsoanimportantfactortobeconsidered.
Ifyouarespeakingtohundredsoreventhousandsofpeople,especiallyintheopenair,youshouldspeakslowly.Theideaistolettheaudiencecatcheverysinglewordofyourspeech.Forexample,whenMartinLutherKingspoke,eventoasmallgroup,hisusualspeakingspeedwasonly110to120wordsperminute.
Whenyouarespeakingindoorstoasmallgroup,say,10or20people,youmayspeedupabit.Speakingataspeedofaround200wordsaminute,youcanstillretaintheaudience’sattention.
So,wecanseethattheaveragespeedisabout150to160wordsperminute.
Whetheryouarespeakingslowlyorrapidly,theimportantpointistopronounceeverywordclearly.Otherwise,nomatterhowwonderfulyouthinkyourcontentis,theaudiencewon’tbeabletofollowyou.Usephoneticsymbolstomarktheplacesyouoftenmessup,inadvance,andpractiseeverydaybeforeyougetuponstage.
PAUSEFORDRAMATICEFFECTIfyouwantaparticularsentenceorexpressiontoleaveadeepimpressiononyouraudience,youcanpauseawhilebeforeutteringit.Duringthepause,theaudiencewillgrowcuriousaboutwhyyouchoosetopauseandtheywillanxiouslyexpecttohearthenextsentence,whichisexactlywhatyouwanttohappen.
Butdon’tpausetoofrequentlyortoolong.Eyecontactandasmile,withabitofbodylanguage,willalsoeffectivelyimpressyouraudience.Ifyousimplystopsuddenlyandremainsilentforseveralsecondsbeforeyoustartagain,they’llprobablythink,“Oh,he(she)hasforgottenthewords!”
21.Makingfriends
Jamiewaslikeamagnet---shealwayshadacrowdaroundher.Shewasn’tespeciallypretty,andshewasn’tparticularlygoodatsports.Butshewasoneofthemostpopularstudentsatschool.Everyonelovedher!
Why?WhatwasitaboutJamiethatmadeeveryonenoticeher?Ifherlooksandhertalentsweren’tanythingtoshowoff,whatdidshehavegoingforher?
Hereitis---shortandsimple---Jamiehadlearnedthesecretofhowtomakefriendsandkeepthem.Hersecretis:Benicetoothers!Jamiewaskindandgenuinelycaredaboutothers:peoplerespondedbywantingtobearoundher.
Goingalongwiththisbigsecretofmakingfriendsareafewadditionalsuggestions:
SMILINGSUGGESTSCONFIDENCEThereissomethingfascinatingaboutsomeonewhosmilesalot.Weareautomaticallydrawntosomeonewhoishappy.Wearingasmileusuallyimpliesthepersonbehinditisapproachable.Anapproachablepersonmakesothersfeelateaseandcomfortable.
Smilesalsoconveyconfidence,whichisreallyimportantwhenmakingfriends.Youdon’thavetoactuallyfeelconfidenttosmile,butwhenyoudo,peoplewillthinkyouare.Furthermore,themoreyousmile,themorenaturalyoursmilewillbe.You’llgainconfidencefromsmiling!
LEARNTOLISTENANDTALKEveryonewantstotalk.Weallhaveastorytotell.Eachofusenjoyshavingsomeonelistentowhatwesay.Itmakesusfeelimportantwhensomeoneistrulyinterestedinwhatwe’resaying.
Whenotherpeoplefindoutyouarewillingtolisten,theywillbetalkingtoyou!Whensomeoneistalkingtoyou,zeroin100percentonthatperson.Don’tpretendtolistenbutreallythinkaboutsomethingelse.Thatwon’tworkinmakingfriends.
Meanwhile,don’tputtheburdenoftheentireconversationonsomeoneelse.You’vegottodoyourpart,too.Itislearningwhentotalkthatisimportant.Trynottotalkjusttohearyourselftalking;nooneelsecangetawordin.
Everyoneshouldlearntogiveandtakeinanyrelationship.Learntomovefrombeingthecentreofattentiontofocusingontheneedsofothers.Modestyisextremelyattractive.
TRYTOADDVALUETOTHOSEAROUNDYOUPeoplelightupwhenyourecognizesomethingtheydowellandletthemknow.Itonlytakesaminutetogivesomeoneacomplimentortonoticewhatgiftsapersonhas.Itautomaticallyaddsvaluetohowtheyseethemselves.Trytobethekindofpersonwho’salwaysseeingthepositivequalitiesinothers.Don’ttearsomeonedown.
22.Whatdoesfriendshipmeantowesterners?
Whatismeantbytheword“friend”?Thedictionarydefinesitas“oneattachedtoanotherbyaffectionorrespect”.Americansusethewordfreely---thatis,afriendmayormaynotbeapersontowhomoneisreallyattached.Friendsmayhaveknowneachothersincechildhoodortheymayhaverecentlymet.ItisdifficulttogiveanexactdefinitionofthiswordasitisusedintheUS,becauseitcoversmanytypesofrelationships.
ItiscommonforAmericanstohavedifferent“circles”.Termssuchasofficemateandtennispartnerindicatedifferenttypesoffriends.Theofficemateisafriendintheofficeandthetennispartnerisafriendonthetenniscourt.Apersonmayhavemanygoodfriendsandonebestfriend.“Bestfriends”areusuallytwopeopleofthesamesexwhohaveknowneachotherforalongperiodoftime.Peopleusuallyhavemorecasualfriendsthancloseorbestfriends.
Americansmovearoundquiteoftenandlearntodevelopfriendshipseasilyandquickly.AboutoneoutofeveryfiveAmericanfamiliesmoveseveryyear.Peoplemovetonewplacesbecausetheybeginnewjobs,attenddistantcolleges,getmarried,havechildrenorsimplywantachangeintheirlives.Perhapsasaresultofthis,peopleformandendfriendshipsquickly.
Relationshipsbasedonacommonactivitymaystoporendwhentheactivityends.Studentsmightmeetinclassesandremainfriendsforthedurationofthecourseandthenstopseeingeachotherafterthefinalexamination.Thesameholdstrueforneighbourswhoaretheclosestoffriendsuntilonemovesaway.Inthesefriendships,shareddailyexperiencesformthefoundationfortherelationship.Long-lastingfriendshipsdevelopwhenindividualshavesimilarinterestsandacommonoutlookonlife.thehighrateofmobilityintheUScanexplainagreatdealaboutshort-termfriendships.
Friendshipandfriendlinessdonotmeanthesamething.FriendlinesscharacterizesmuchofAmericandailyinteractionbutisnotalwaysanindicationoffriendship.Strangersmaysharelifehistorieswithoutanywishtosetuparelationship.Instantfriendshipsarecharacterizedbytheappearanceoftwopeoplebecomingclosebut,inreality,thereisnostringconnectionbetweenthem.Twopeoplesayinghellotoeachotherafterbeingintroducedforthefirsttimedonotalwaysmeanthattheyhaveastrongwishtodevelopafriendship.Manypeoplefrequentlysmileorsay“Haveaniceday”or“Seeyoulater”,orevengiveaninvitationaspartofaculturalpatternofpoliteness.Suchexpressionsdonotalwayssuggestanofferofcontinuedfriendship.
23.Adjo
Howtheyearshaverushedby!IthasbeenalongtimesinceIknewMargetSwenson.IwasachildwhenIknewher,andnowImyselfhavechildren.Themindlosesmanythingsasitmatures,butIneverlostMarget---myfirstloveandfirsthurt.
ImetMargetSwensonwhenshejoinedoursixth-gradeclass.
Marget,justfreshfromSweden,andI,asixthgenerationAmerican.ShespokeverylittleEnglish,butsomehowwedidmanagetounderstandeachother.Wetooktoeachotherinstantly.
Margetliveduponthehill.Thatwastheplacewherethereweremanylargeandprettyhouses.IsupposeitwasonlyinpassingthatIknewonlywhitepeoplelivedthere.
Wehadsomuchfuntogether.Wesatforhoursinmygardenorhers,surroundedbygrass.HerwordswereSwedish;mine,English.Welaughedatthewayeachofusslidourtonguesovertheunfamiliarwords.IlearnedtheSwedishequivalentsofhello,friend,andgoodbye.
However,suchfundidnotlastlong,andthedisasterbeganatMarget’sbirthdayparty.
ItwasaWednesday.Iarrivedatthepartyearly.MargetandIranaroundquickly,puttingthefinishingtouchesonthedecorations.
Somefifteenminuteslater,thedoorbellrang,andincameMary,anothergirlinourclass.
Butafterthatnobodycame.Noone.
Whenitgottobeafterfive,MrsSwensoncalledMargetinside.Shewasthereforalongtime,andwhenshecameout,shelookedvery,verysad.“Mymotherdoesnotthinktheyarecoming,”shesaid.
“Whynot?”Maryblurted.
Margetcastaquickglanceatme,butshedidn’tsayanything.
ItookMarget’shand.“It’sme,isn’tit?”Isaid.Oh!IremembersopainfullytodayhowmuchIwantedherquickandpositive“No!”tomyquestion.ButIwasonlyawareofMargettryingtoslipherhandfrommine.Iopenedmyhandandlethergo.
Itwasdifferentbetweenusafterherbirthday.Margetstoppedcomingtomyhouse,andwhenIaskedherwhenshewould,shelookedasthoughshewouldcry.
Oneday,uninvited,Iwenttoherhouse,climbedupthehill,andarestlessfeelinggrewwithinmeateverystep.
Margetalmostjumpedwhensheopenedthedoor.Shestaredatmeinshock.Then,quickly,inavoiceI’dneverheardbefore,shesaid,“Mymothersaysyoucan’tcometomyhouseanymore.”
Iopenedmymouth,andcloseditwithoutspeaking.Theawfulthinghadcome;mysuspicionwasconfirmed;MargetwaswhiteandIwasnot.Ididknowitdeepwithinmyself.
SincethatmeetingMargetandIdidnotspeaktoeachotheratall.
Onthelastdayofschool,gettingupastrangecourage,IhandedmyautographbooktoMarget.Shehesitated,thenwithoutlookingup,wrotewordsIdon’tremembernow;theywerequitecommonwords,thekindeveryonewaswritingineveryoneelse’sbook.Iwaited.Slowly,shepassedherbooktomeandinitIwrotewithaslow,firmhandsomeofthewordsshehadtaughtme.IwroteAdjominvan---Goodbye,myfriend.Ireleasedher,lethergo,toldhernottoworry,toldherthatInolongerneededher.Adjo.
24.Ryan,hisfriends,andhisincredibletorchrun
Wemetinabiologyclass.Ryansatinthefrontsothathiswheelchairwouldn’tgetintheway.I,however,believedthathewouldn’thavegotteninthewaywhereverhesat.Igreetedhimwitha“Hello!”andherepliedcheerfully.Lateritprovedthatthissimple“Hello!”wasallittookforRyanandmetobecomegreatfriends.
Ryansufferedfrombraindamageandhadenduredmanyanobstacle.Yet,heisabletogoonlivinghislifetothefullest.Heknowstheoldsaying,“Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughgetgoing.”tothedeepestandmostpersonalextent.
Thehighlightofourfriendshipcameinourjunioryear,whenRyanaskedmetoholdtheflagthatwouldmarkthespotwherehewouldbeginhisOlympictorchrun.Whenheaskedme,Ididn’tknowwhattosay.“Whyme?”Iasked.HegentlyrespondedthathewouldbehonouredifIwouldacceptthisposition.HesaidthattheOlympiccommitteesentalettersayingthatthepersonthatholdstheflagmustbesomeoneimportanttohim,andIwasimportanttohimbecauseIwastheonlytruefriendhehadevermadethattalkedtohimandnottohiswheelchair.HowcouldIrefusesuchagraciouscomplimentandrequest?
OnJunefifth,ItooktheflagandreachedRyan’sstartingpointearly.Bythen,thestreetshadbeguntofillwithstudentsfromthesurroundingschoolsandthearearesidents.Everyonewasexcited.Thencamethevanthatcarriedthetorchrunners.AlloftherunnersgotoutexceptRyan.Theylinedupoutsideofthevanandbegantochanthisname.Ryan!Ryan!Thenallofthepeoplethatlinedthestreetsjoinedin.Ryan!Ryan!AllIcoulddowasnottocry.
TheliftthenloweredRyantotheground.Therehewas,inallhisglory.PeoplesawhimforRyanandnotforhiswheelchair.Itallbecameslowmotionatthesightofthearrivingtorch.IgaveRyanahugandthensteppedintomyspot.TherunnerlitRyan’storchandthenRyanbeganhisjourney.Ashetookoffdownthestreet,thechantingbecamelouderandlouder.Theexcitementfilledtheair.IcouldnothavebeenanyprouderofRyan!Hedeservedthismomentintime---ahistoricmomentthathewasapartofandallowedmetobeapartof,too.
Thatmomentwilllastintimeforever.Itexpressedthewholemeaningoftheflame:love,enthusiasm,andbrotherhood.Itshowedusallthatloveisreallywhatmakesthissmallworldgoaround.
25.Thefatherofmodernphysics
AlbertEinsteinwasbornofJewishparentsin1879inGermany.Hedidbadlyinmostsubjectsatschool,butwasfascinatedbymathematics,whichhedidquitewell.Whenhewasfifteen,hisfamilymovedtoItaly,andfromtherehewenttoSwitzerlandtoattendapolytechnicschool.
Aftergainingateachingqualificationfromthepolytechnic,Einsteintookapostasajuniorclerkinanoffice.Einsteinwashappytogetsuchaneasyjob,becauseitgavehimplentyoftimetothinkaboutphysics.Itwasthe“thoughtexperiments”thathecarriedoutinhisheadthatledtoanewunderstandingofspace,timeandgravity(引力).
In1905,whenhewastwenty-sixyearsold,Einsteinbegantopublishhisthoughts.Oneofhistheoriesprovidedanexplanationforapuzzlingeffect,calledthephotoelectriceffect(光電效應(yīng)),whichhadbeennoticedsomeyearsearlier.Itwasin1921thathewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsforhisworkonthephotoelectriceffect.
In1914,EinsteinbecameaprofessorofphysicsattheUniversityofBerlinandallwentwelluntilHitlercametopowerin1933.Einstein,whowasJewish,spokeoutagainstNazicrimes.Asaresult,hehadtoleaveGermanyandspenttherestofhislifeteachingintheUnitedStatesatPrincetonUniversity.
Inthelongcourseofresearch,Einsteindevelopedhistheoriesofrelativity.Thesetheoriesweresodifferentandnewthatmostscientistscoulddonotbelieveorunderstandthem,andittookalongtimeforthemtobeaccepted.
Einstein’stheoriesalsopredictedthatsolidobjectscanbechangedintopureenergy.Thisdidleadtothedevelopmentofnuclearpower(核能)andtheatomicbomb(原子彈).However,Einsteinhimselfprotestedagainstnuclearweapons,andbecameinvolvedinthepeacemovementaftertheFirstWorldWar.
Einsteinpassedawayin1955attheageofseventy-six.Whatheleftbehindisawealthofideasthatformthefoundationofmodernphysicstoday.
Apartfromhisscientificwork,Einsteinfoundmuchpleasureinsimplepastimes.Amonghishobbiesweresailingandplayingtheviolin.Besides,helovedthecompanyofchildren.
Althoughhewasoneofthegreatestscientistswhoeverlived,Einsteindidnottakehimselfseriously.Once,whenaskedtoenteranewspapercompetitiontowriteanarticleexplaininghowlightisbentbygravity,hejokedthatthecompetitionwasmuchtoodifficultforhimtoenter.
26.Thesurvivalofthefittest
Foralongtimepeoplehadwonderedhowlifehaddevelopedonearth.TheBible(圣經(jīng))statedthatgodhadcreatedeverythinginaweek.Somepeopledidnotbelievethis.“Whataboutfossils?”theyasked.“Whathashappenedtothestrangecreatureswhichexistedsomanyyearsago?”theyasked.
CharlesDarwin(查爾斯羅伯特達(dá)爾文，英國(guó)生物學(xué)家，進(jìn)化論奠基人),ayoungmanjustoutofuniversityin1831,wasofferedajobonashiponavoyageofdiscoveryaroundtheworld.Lifeonboardwastough.Darwinwasterriblyseasickandwasonlyhappywhenhewasashorecollectingplantsamplesandobservinganimals.Itwastobethemostimportantjourneyinhislife.Itlastedforfiveyears;hereturnedinOctober1836.
DarwinstudiednatureinSouthAmericaandinagroupofsmallislandsintheSouthPacific.Oneachislandtherewerebirds.Theywereverysimilar,buttheshapeoftheirbeaks,andeventheireatinghabitsvaried.Darwinwonderedwhytheyweredifferent.Thenherealizedthat,longbefore,theyhadbeenthesame.Eachislandhaddifferentfoodsavailable.Onlythebirdsthatcouldeatavailablefoodcouldsurvive,thismightdependonhavingtherightshapeofbeak.Herealizedthatthesameprocesshappenedwithalllivingthings.Overmillionsofyears,allplantsandanimalshavegraduallychangedintotheformsweseetoday.Whatwecall“thesurvivalofthefittest”henamed“naturalselection”.Darwincalledthisslowprocessofchange“evolution”.Itexplainswhymanykindsofcreature,whosefossilremains,arenolongeralive.
By1846,hehadpublishedanarticledescribinghisvoyage.Healsobegantothinkseriouslyaboutevolutionandnaturalselection,andwrotetwoessaysdescribinghisideas.HedidnotpublishtheseessaysbecauseherealizedhisideasprovedtheBible’stheoryofcreationwaswrong,andhewasworriedabouttheangerandtroublestheywouldcause.
Darwinspentthefollowingyearsdevelopinghistheoriesandmakingthemperfect.In1859hepublishedtheminTheOriginofSpecies(《物種起源》).ItcausedahugerowbecauseitseemedtodenywhattheBiblesaid.HisTheDescentofMan(《人類的由來》),1871,pointedoutthatmankindhadcomefromthesameancestor.Darwinwasupsetbytheopposition.Otherscientistsagreedwithhisideasandtookuphiscause.TheChurchprohibitedtheteachingoftheTheoryofEvolution(進(jìn)化論)insomecountries.However,todaymostpeoplebelievethatDarwinwasright.
27.Miracleinthericefield
Itissaidthateveryscientisthasachildhooddreamforhisorherfuturesuccess.ForYuanLongpin,knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice(雜交水稻)”,thedreamisthathecultivatesriceashugeaspeanuts,andfarmerscanhavearestinthecoolshadowofbigriceplants.
YuanLongpinwasbornintoapoorfamilyin1931.UpongraduatingfromtheSouthwesternAgriculturalCollege(西南農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)院)in1953,hebeganhisteachingcareeratanagricultureschoolandhassincedevotedhimselftoagriculturaleducationandresearch.
Hecameupwiththeideaofhybridriceforthefirsttimeinthe1960s.Intheearly1970s,hesucceededindevelopingtheworld’sfirsthigh-yieldhybridrice.Ofgreatimportanceishispioneeringwork,whichhasestablishedChina’spositionofworldleadershipinthisarea.
TheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)(聯(lián)合國(guó)糧食與農(nóng)業(yè)組織)hasdecidedtogetinvolvedintheworkofspreadingthecoverageofYuan’shigh-yieldhybridrice,whichitconsidersthebestwaytoincreasetheworld’sgrainoutput.
Inthefollowingyears,increasinggrainoutputofhybridricefurthershowedthesuccessofYuanLongpin’sresearch.ThismadehimfirmlybelievethatChinacansurelyfeedherlargepopulationwithherlimitedcultivatedland.
ThisbreakthroughinricecultivationhassignificantlycontributedtosolvingthefoodprobleminChinaandtherestoftheworld.Yuan’samazingachievementhaswonhimagreatmanyawardsandhonoursfromtheUnitedNationsandworldwide.
However,evenwithsuchagreatachievement,Yuanwon’ttakeabreak.Inhismindtherealwaysexistadream,morepracticalthanthatofhisyouth,thatpopularizingthenewhybridricewithhigheryieldsaroundtheworldcaneliminatestarvationonEarth.“Ifthenewhybridriceweregrownintheworld’sremainingfields,thepresentgrainoutputaroundtheworldwouldbemorethandoubled.Thiscansolvethegrainshortage,”saidthescientist.
SomepeopleestimateYuan’sactualfortunemightmakehimoneoftherichestpeopleinChina.Buthedoesn’tknowforsurehimself,forheseemstocarefornothingmorethanhisresearch.
Inspiteofhisbusyresearchwork,YuanLongpinhasmanagedtokeepsomehobbiesinhissparetime,includingreadingbooksandlisteningtomusic.Heenjoysdailymotorcyclingandsometimesplayingtheviolin.
28.Newton’sthreeimportantlaws
Thingsthatmoveobeycertainlaws.ThreeimportantlawsofmotionwereestablishedbyIsaacNewton(1642～1727)(英國(guó)物理學(xué)家、天文學(xué)家和數(shù)學(xué)家，被公認(rèn)為有史以來最偉大和影響最深遠(yuǎn)的科學(xué)家).
NEWTONⅠ:INERTIA(慣性定律)
Newton’sfirstlawofmotionseemssimple:Objectsatresttendtoremainatrest,whilemovingonescontinuetomoveatauniformspeedinastraightline---unlessacteduponbyanoutsideforce.Thisresistance(阻力)tochangeiscalledinertia,anditexplainsalotofeverydayexperiencednomatterwhereyouhappentolive.
Oneisthatwhenthecarorairplaneyou’reinbeginstomove,yourbodyispushedbackagainsttheseat.Thatis,ittendstoremainatrestdespitetheforward-movingforceofthevehicletransferredtoyouthroughtheseat.Anotheraspectofthislawshowsthatthenormalcoursesforfreelymovingobjectsisastraightline.Thatexplainswhy,whenyouwhirl(迅速旋轉(zhuǎn))somethingaroundyourhead---suchasaballonastring---andthenletitgo,theballfliesstraight.Itneitherkeepscirclingyourheadnordoesitmoveoffinasweeping(做大幅度弧線形運(yùn)動(dòng)的)curve(曲線).
NEWTONⅡ:F=MA
Newton’ssecondlawrelatestheamountofforceneededtomoveanobjecttotheobject’smassandtitsacceleration(加速度).
Pushachildinaswing,orrideaplanetaroundthesun,andyou’reusingNewton’ssecondlawofmotion,whichstatesthatwheneveryouwanttochangethespeedordirectionofsomething,youhavetoapplyanappropriateforce.Thebiggerthemassorthelargertheintendedacceleration,thegreaterthenecessaryforce.Thislaw’sformulaallowsengineerstocalculatewhat’srequiredtolaunchajetfighter(噴氣式戰(zhàn)斗機(jī))fromanaircraftcarrier(航空母艦),orhowstrongaseatbeltmustbetorestrain(抑制，控制),say,a160-poundpersonwhenhiscarstopssuddenlywhiletravellingat60mph.
NEWTONⅢ:EQUALANDOPPOSITE(作用力與反作用力)
Allobjects,movingoratrest,obeyNewton’sthirdlawofmotion,whichholdsthatinnature,unaccompanied(無陪伴的)forcesdonotexist.
Youcan’ttakeastepwithoutapplyingNewton’sthirdlaw,whichexplainsthatforeveryactionthereisanequalandoppositereaction.Eachtimeyourfootpushesdownontheground,thegroundpushesbackwiththesameamountofforcepointedinprecisely(精確地，準(zhǔn)確地)theoppositedirection.Infact,it’stheforceexerted(施加壓力)bythegroundthatpushesyoualong,nottheforceofyourfoot.
Thatseemsodd,butit’seasytodemonstrate.Standonanearlyfrictionless(無摩擦力的)surfacesuchasanoilyfloor,orputonapairofrollerskates(四輪旱冰鞋).Nowtakeastep.Pushashardasyoulike,buttheoilorskateskeepthatforcefrombeingappliedtothefloor,sothereisnoopposite,reactiveforceexertedonyourfoot.Theresult:Yourlegsandfeetmaystruggletomoveabout,butyoudon’tmoveforward.
29.Oliverwantsmore(AdaptedfromOliverTwistCharlesDickens)
Lifeintheworkhousewasverysevereindeed.Thememberoftheboardofmanagementhadruledthatthechildrenshouldworktoearntheirliving,andthattheyshouldbegiventhreemealsofthinsoupaday,withanoniontwiceaweekandhalfacakeonSundays.
Theroom,inwhichtheboyswerefed,wasalargestonehall,withahugepotatoneend.Outofthis,themaster,assistedbyoneortwowomen,servedoutthesoupatmealtimes.Eachboyhadonesmallbowl,andnothingmore---exceptonpublicholidays,whenhehadasmallpieceofbreadaswell.Nevereverdidthebowlsneedwashing.Theboyspolishedthemwiththeirspoonstilltheyshoneagain;andwhentheyhadperformedthisoperation,theywouldsitstaringatthehugepot,asiftheycouldhaveeatenthat,too.
OliverTwistandhiscompanionssufferedterriblehungerinsilenceforthreemonths;sodesperatedidtheybecomeintheendthatoneboy,whowastallforhisage,toldtheothersthatunlesshehadanotherbowlofsoupeveryday,hewasafraidhemightsomenighteattheboywhosleptnexttohim.Hehadawild,hungryeye,andtheyfullybelievedhim.Acouncilwasheld;voteswerecast,anditfelltoOliverTwisttowalkuptothemasteraftersupperthatevening,andaskformore.
Theeveningarrived;theboystooktheirplaces.Themaster,inhiscook’suniform,stoodbesidethehugepotwithhistwoassistantsbehindhim;thesoupwasservedout.Itquicklydisappeared;theboyswhisperedtoeachother,andmadesignstoOliver.Herosefromthetableand,advancingtothemaster,bowlinhand,said.
“Please,sir,Iwantsomemore.”
Themasterwasafat,healthyman;buttheturnedverypale.Hestaredwithhorrorandamazementatthesmallboyforsomeseconds.
“What!”hesaidfinallyinafaintvoice.
“Please,sir,”repliedOliver,“Iwantsomemore.”
ThemasteraimedablowatOliver’sheadwithhisbigspoon,seizedhimtightlyinhisarms,andshoutedforMr.Bumble.
Mr.Bumble,hearingthecryandlearningthecauseofit,rushedintotheroomwheremembersoftheboardweremeetingand,addressingthegentlemanattheheadofthetable,said,“Mr.Limbkins,Ibegyourpardon,sir!OliverTwisthasaskedformore.”
Therewasageneralalarm.Horrorshowedoneveryface.
“Formore!”saidMr.Limbkins.“Becalm,Mr.Bumble,andanswermeclearly.Doyoumeantosaythatheaskedformore,afterhehadeatenthesuppergivenbytheboard?”
“Hedid,sir,”repliedBumble.
“Thatboywillbehanged,”saidoneofthegentlemenontheboard.“Iknowthatboywillbehangedoneday.”
Oliverwaslockedupatonce.Nextmorninganoticewasputupontheoutsideofthegate,offeringarewardoffivepoundstoanybodywhowouldtakeOliverTwistawayfromtheworkhouse.
30.Enjoytheclassics
What’saclassic?Itcanbeputinthefollowingway:Whenyourereadaclassic,youdonotseemoreinthebookthanyoudidbefore;youseemoreinyouthanyoudidbefore.
Inschool,welearnoneofthemostinterestinganddifficultskills---howtoread.Atthesametime,welearntohatetoreadthethingsworthreadingmost!
Ithashappenedtousall---withassignmentreading!Ithappenedtome.TheteacherassignedPickwickPapers(《匹克威克外傳》).Ididn’twanttoreadit.SoIfoughtit.Idislikedit.IthoughtIwon.
ButIlost.MystruggletokeepawayfromPickwickPaperscostmeallthegoodthingsthatcancomefromgettingneartothosefewbookscalledthe“classics”.
IhavecomebacktoPickwickPapersonmyownsince.Ilikeit.AndIhavediscoveredanewlevelofpleasurefromitwitheachreading.
Icomebacktothisquestion:Whatisaclassic?Aclassicisabookthatgivesyouwonderfulfeelings,andenablesyoutouncoverpartofthemeaningoflife.Aclassicisabookthathasstoodthetestoftime,abookthatmenandwomenallovertheworldwanttokeepalltheirlives.
Notmanybookscanstandsuchatest.Consideringallthebooksthathavebeenproduced,classicsaccountforonlyaverysmallshareofthetotal---lessthan0.001percent.That’sjustafewthousandbooks.Ofthose,under100makeupthesolidcore.
Whyshouldyoureadtheclassics?Whyshouldyoutrytoenjoythem?
Isuggestthreereasons:
1.aclassicopensyourmind.
2.aclassichelpsyougrow.
3.aclassichelpsyouunderstandyourlife,yourworld,yourself.
Thelastoneisabigone.Aclassiccangiveyouinsightsintoyourself.Sure,youcangetpleasureoutofalmostanybook.Butaclassic,onceyougodeepintoit,liftsyouuphigh!
Whenyoureadclassics,don’tjustdipyourtoeintothedeepwatersoftheclassics.Plungein!Joingenerationsofbrighthumanbeingsbeforeyou.You’llfindyourselfenlightenedbythethoughtsandobservationsofthemostgiftedwritersinhistory.
Someonehassaidtheclassicsarethediaryofman.Openupthediary.Readaboutyourself—andunderstandyourself.
31.Issheguilty?(AdaptedfromThePrinceandthePauperMarkTwain)
Byatwistoffate,Tom,apauper,wasmistakenforEdwardTudor,thePrinceofWales.Sincehelookedverymuchliketheprince,histrueidentitywenthidden.SowhenEdward’sfatherdied,Tomwasmadethenew“king”.
Oneday,aterrifiedwomanandherlittlegirlwerebroughtbeforeTom.Heorderedthesherifftostatethecrimetheyhadcommitted.
“Yourmajesty,theymusthavebeenpractisingwitchcraft.”
Tomhadbeentaughttohatepeoplewhopractisedwitchcraft.Still,tosatisfyhiscuriosity,heasked:
“Whereandwhenwasthiscommitted?”
“Onemidnight,inDecember---inaruinedchurch,yourmajesty.”
“Whowaspresent?”
“Onlythesetwo,yourmajesty.”
“Havetheyconfessed?”
“No,theydenyit.”
“Thenhowwasthiscrimeknown?”
“Certainwitnesssawthemthere,yourmajesty,andthisshouldbeenoughtoprovethattheyareguilty.Thencameaterriblestorm.Itisevidentthattheyusedtheirevilpowertobringaboutthestorm.Aboutfortypeoplewitnessedthestormandhadeveryreasontorememberit,fortheysufferedfromit.Theyshouldnothavemadeallthesepeoplesuffersomuch.”
“Thissoundsveryseriousindeed.”Tomthoughtaboutthisinformationforawhile,andthenheasked:“Didthiswomanalsosufferfromthestorm?”
Severaloldheadsamongthegroupnodded.Theyrecognizedthewisdomofthisquestion.
Thesheriffanswered,“Indeedshedid,yourmajesty.Herhousewassweptawayandsheandherchildarenowhomeless.”
“Howdidtheybringaboutthestorm?”askedTom.
“Bypullingofftheirstocking,yourmajesty.”
ThisastonishedTomandmadehimmorecuriousthanever.Hesaid,eagerly:
“Thatiswonderful!Hasitalwaysthisdisastrouseffect?”
“Always---atleastwhenthewomandesiresitandsaystherightwords,eitherinhermindorwithhertongue.”
Tomturnedtothewoman,andorderedher:
“Exertyourpower.Iwishtoseeastorm!”
Inthegroup,cheekswentpalesuddenly.Therewasageneral,thoughunexpressed,desiretogetoutoftheplace.Thewomanlookedpuzzledandastonished.
Tomaddedexcitedly,“Donotfear,youshallnotbepunished.Morethanthat,youshallgofree.Exertyourpower.”
“Oh,myking,Idonothavesuchpower.Ihavebeenfalselyaccused.Ishouldnothavebeenbroughthereatall.”
“Takecourage.Noharmwillcometoyou.Makeastorm,itdoesnotmatterhowsmallastorm.Dothis,andyourlifeshallbespared;youandyourchildwillgofree.”
Thewomanbentherselfdowntotheground,andprotestedwithtears,thatshehadnopowertodothemiracleorelseshewouldgladlysaveherchild’slifealoneevenifshelostherown.
Finally,Tomsaid:
“Ithinkwhatthewomansaysisthetruth.Ifmymotherhadbeeninherplaceandgiftedwiththispower,shewouldnothavehesitatedtocallherstormsandlaythewholelandinruinstosavemylife.itistruethatallmothersarethesame.Youarefree,goodwoman,youandyourchild,forIbelieveyouareinnocent.Goyourwayinpeace.”
32.MarkTwain
MarkTwain(馬克吐溫，美國(guó)著名幽默小說家、作家和演說家),whoseoriginalnamewasSamuelClemens,isanimportantfigureinAmericanliterature.Speakingofshortstoriesalone,MarkTwain’spositioninAmericanliteratureisasChekhov’s(契訶夫，俄國(guó)著名劇作家、短篇小說家)isinRussianliteratureorGuydeMaupassant’s(莫泊桑，法國(guó)短篇小說家)inFrenchliterature.Eveninhisownday,MarkTwainwasseenasoneofAmerica’smostfamouswriters.
At13,MarkTwainwaslearningtobeaprinter.Eightyearslaterhebegantolearntoworkasasteamboatpilot.In1865,hewrotethestoryTheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCountry,whichmadehimfamous.Inthefollowingyears,hetravelledwidelyasasuccessfullecturerandgatheredmaterialforhiswriting.HishumorousshortstoryTheInnocentsAbroad(《傻瓜出國(guó)記》)andhisyouthfuladventures,TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(《湯姆索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》),ThePrinceandthePauperandTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnhelpedhimwinaworldwideaudience.Atthesametimehebecameawell-knownhumorist.
MarkTwainsaid,“Againsttheassaultoflaughter,nothingcanstand.”Hearguedthathumorcouldbeaspowerfulasanyotherelementinliterature.Hedidnotusehumorforthesakeofhumor.Hewantedtoproveinbothhispublicandprivatelifethathehadmoretotellthanjustagoodstory.
GoandreadhisshortstoryRunningforGovernor(《競(jìng)選州長(zhǎng)》).ItisafictitiousaccountaboutMarkTwainhimself.HewastorunforGovernorofNewYorkState.Asthecampaigngotstarted,rumoursabouthimbegantospread.Thegentlemanwasfirstaccusedofusingbribery,andthenwassaidtobeguiltyofpoisoninghisuncle,neitherofwhichwasbasedonanyfacts.Thestorywentonuntilitreacheditsmostexcitingmoment.Onedayatapublicmeeting,ninelittlekidsofallcoloursclimbedontotheplatformandcaughthimaroundthelegs,callinghim“Pa!”Thus,hewasforcedtoquitbeforeitwastoolate.
Youaresuretoburstoutlaughingasyouarereadingtheshort“story”.Butyoudon’treallyfeelhappyasthestoryhelpsyouseethroughthedarksideofAmericansocietyinhisday.It’sacaseinpointforreaderstoseewhyMarkTwainiscalledbycritics“thepeople’sauthor”,andwhyheisstillrememberedasoneofthegreatestAmericanhumoristsbypeopleallovertheworld.
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Unit11
1.thelunarcalendar農(nóng)歷thesolarcalendar公歷solarenergy太陽能solarsystem太陽系
2.leapoverafence跳過籬笆Lookbeforeyouleap三思而后行l(wèi)eapatachance抓住機(jī)會(huì)
3.hi-tech=hightechnology高科技
4.insupportof為了支持Hehasafamilytosupport.有家庭要贍養(yǎng).
5.belikelytodosth有可能做…Itislikely/possible/probablethat….
★Heislikelytocome.=Itislikelythathewillcome.=Itisprobablethathewillcome.=Hewillprobablycome
6.setfootin到達(dá)/踏上setaboutdoing=getdowntodoing=startout/offtodo著手干…
setanexampletosb為某人樹立榜樣setby=setaside儲(chǔ)蓄setfiretosth=setsthonfire
setup建立/成立setuphome成家setfree釋放自由setsail揚(yáng)帆起航
7.haveaneffecton對(duì)…產(chǎn)生作用comeintoeffect=takeeffect生效bringsthintoeffect使…實(shí)施
ineffect=infact=asamatteroffact=inreality事實(shí)上beofnoeffect無效的personaleffects個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)
8.relyon=dependon依靠/信賴relyonsbtodosth依靠某人做某事relyonitthat…放心去兩會(huì)
9.cometolife活躍起來cometooneslife=cometooneself=cometoonessense=revive蘇醒過來兩會(huì)
comeat襲擊comedown流傳下來comeoff成功comeby獲得comefor來取物/接人
comeout出版/開花/結(jié)果comeround前來comethrough經(jīng)歷cometoanend結(jié)束
comeupagainst遇到comeupto達(dá)到/符合兩會(huì)
10.bebasedon基于…兩會(huì)
11.atravelagency旅行社soleagency獨(dú)家代理兩會(huì)
12.lookforwardtodoing盼望做…beforwardtohelpothers=bereadytohelpothers樂于助人
putover=putacross解釋putaway=putaside儲(chǔ)蓄兩會(huì)
putback推遲/阻礙putdown記下/鎮(zhèn)壓putsbintoprison把某人投入監(jiān)獄putoff推遲
putout撲滅putthrough完成putup張貼/搭建/提供膳食putupwith容忍..putdownto歸因于
putthroughto接通(電話)putforward=comeupwith=bringforward=setforth提出…
13.onthemarch行軍中/進(jìn)行中
14.achieveonesaim達(dá)到目的pointat指向aimat(表動(dòng)作)=beaimedat(表狀態(tài))
glanceat一瞥shootat射向stare/glareat瞪著aimat旨在/瞄準(zhǔn)aimatasuccess志在成功
15.atwar=inbattle在戰(zhàn)斗中
16.have…incommon有共性incommonwith與…一樣outofcommon非凡的commonsense常識(shí)
17.do/makeresearch做研究carryout/conductresearchin/into/on進(jìn)行…的研究
18.instore在等待/降臨/儲(chǔ)蓄inaflash剎那間inahurryincase以防…inchains囚禁中兩會(huì)
inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)beindebtto負(fù)債…inneedof需要inpeace處于和平中inplace就位兩會(huì)
inpublic當(dāng)眾insilence一片寂靜inthehopeof懷著…的希望inprivate=privately私下地兩會(huì)
19.behometo/of…所在地
20.getmarried/getdrunk(喝醉)/getlost=loseonesway/gethurt/getseparated(分散)/
getpaid(領(lǐng)到薪水)/getburnt(燒傷)/getstarted=besetup(興建)兩會(huì)
21.makesthasuccess使…大獲成功Whatagreatsurpriseyougaveus.Theconcertwasafailure.兩會(huì)
22.grasp/taketheopportunitytodosth抓住機(jī)會(huì)做…graspat企圖抓住takeafirmgraspon抓緊haveagoodgraspof理解bewithinourgrasp成功在即
23.asfollows如下followup追查followthrough完成followsbintosomeplace跟著某人來到…
24.aswellas和asfaras遠(yuǎn)至runacross=comeacross遇到aslongas只要runafter追逐
asmany/muchas多達(dá)…runinto撞上runoutof用完…asaresultof由于…的結(jié)果
runningwater
25.beexcitedabout對(duì)…感到激動(dòng)
26.showcase展示befilledwith=befullof
27.enablesbtodosth使…能夠做某事
28.byaccident=onpurpose故意withoutaccident平安無事的benoaccident絕非偶然
29.Heranfasterthanever,reachingtheschoolquiteofbreath.意料之中
Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadgone.意料之外
◆Sarah,hurryup.Imafraidyouwouldnthavetimeto______beforetheparty.兩會(huì)
A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange兩會(huì)
◆—Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible.—_____.兩會(huì)
A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoI.兩會(huì)兩會(huì)
◆Itstenyearssincethescientist_____onhislifesworkofdiscoveringthevaluablechemical.
A.madeforB.setoutC.tookoffD.turnedup
setout/offtodosth=setoutonsth著手干某事
◆—No,Imafraidheisntin.Thisisthissecretaryspeaking.CanIhelpyou—______.
A.Oh,youwill.B.Oh,thatsapity.兩會(huì)
C.Ishouldthinkso.D.Well,Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou兩會(huì)
◆Chineseartshavewonthe______ofalotofpeopleoutsideChina.
A.enjoymentB.appreciationC.entertainmentD.reputation兩會(huì)
◆Thecontinuousrain_____theharvestingofthewheatcropbytwoweeks.
A.setback(推遲)B.setoffC.setoutD.setaside
◆ThespeechbythemayorofShanghaibeforethefinalvotingforEXPO2010isstronglyimpressed____mymemory.
A.toB.overC.byD.on
◆Itiswisetohavesomemoney________foroldage.
A.putawayB.keptupC.givenawayD.laidout(使用)
◆—Davidhasmadeprogressrecently.—_____,and______.
A.Sohehas;soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyou
C.Sohashe;sohaveyouD.Sohashe;soyouhave
◆HowIwisheveryfamily______alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!
A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad
◆Asthetallestbuildingintheworld,Taipei101hasbecomeanew_______ofTaipeiCity.
A.incidentB.geographyC.skylightD.landmark
高二英語MakingtheNews重點(diǎn)短語
人教新課標(biāo)必修五unit4重點(diǎn)短語、句子匯總
Unit4MakingtheNews
I.Phrases
1.becuriousabout對(duì)……感到好奇
2.betodo必將/將要/應(yīng)該
3.gooutonastory外出采訪
4.onone’sown獨(dú)自，*自己
ofone’sown自己的……
5.concentrateon集中精力于……
6.beofinterest=beinteresting有趣的
7.bring…with…隨身攜帶
8.haveanosefor…對(duì)……非常敏感
9.dependon依賴
10.atrickofthetrade職業(yè)訣竅
11.accusesb.ofsth.=chargesb.withsth.指控某人做某事
12.soastodosth.(句中)為了……
13.besupposedtohavedone理應(yīng)當(dāng)/被認(rèn)為做過某事
14.lookforwardto(doing)sth.盼望做某事
15.beeagertodosth./forsth.渴望做……/……
16.getthewrongendofthestick完全搞錯(cuò)了
17.tellthewholetruth說出全部真相
18.aheadof在……前頭
19.set(out)todo/setaboutdoing著手做某事
20.pass…onto…把……傳遞給……
21.makeanappointmentwithsb.與某人約會(huì)，預(yù)約
22.polishthestyle潤(rùn)色語言風(fēng)格
23.be/getabsorbedin專心于，集中精力于
24.inturn依次，逐個(gè)地
25.defend…against…為某人辯護(hù)
26.notedown記下
27.coversth./interviewsb.報(bào)道某事/采訪某人
28.dosomeresearchon…對(duì)……做調(diào)查
29.workon從事
30.lastofall最后
31.onpurpose/byaccident故意地/偶然,意外地
32.arrangeaninterview(withsb.)安排采訪
33.stickto堅(jiān)持
34.AratherthanBA而不是B
35.accountfor解釋
36.throughsb.’sanalysis通過某人的分析
II.Sentences:
1.（倒裝）NeverwillZYforgethisfirstassignmentattheofficeofChinaDaily.
周陽永不會(huì)忘記他在《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》報(bào)社當(dāng)記者的首次任務(wù)。
2.（倒裝）Onlywhenyouhaveseenwhatheorshedoes,canyoucoverastorybyyourself.
3.(There’s)Noneedforacamera!沒必要帶相機(jī)。
4．（倒裝）NotonlyamIinterestedinphotography,butItookacourseatuniversity,soit’sactuallyofspecialinteresttome.
對(duì)攝影我不僅感興趣，在大學(xué)我還專修過攝影，因此，我的確對(duì)攝影特別感興趣。
5．Thisishowthestorygoes.事情是這樣的。
6．Haveyoueverhadacasewheresomebodyaccusedyourreportersofgettingthewrongendofthestick?
你是否有這樣的情況：有人控告你手下的記者的報(bào)道完全失實(shí)？
高二英語下冊(cè)詞組句型歸納8
Unit18
1.getapatentfor得到…專利權(quán)patentoffice專利局apatentoffice專利權(quán)
holdapatenton對(duì)…擁有專利權(quán)
2.allowfor顧及/為…做好準(zhǔn)備allowdoingsth允許做某事allowsbtosth允許某人做某事
Theproblemallowsofonlyonesolution容許/得Haseverythingallowedforinyourplan考慮到
make/let/havesbdosth使某人做某事get/cause/forcesbtodosth使某人做某事
3.getstuck遇到困難/陷進(jìn)去getabout傳開/走動(dòng)getinwith巴結(jié)getridof除掉getat了解/查明
getsbdown使…失望getthrough完成getthroughto弄明白房?jī)r(jià)gettogether聚會(huì)房?jī)r(jià)
4.breakawayfrom擺脫/脫離breakdown打破/壞掉/分解breakinto/inpieces成為碎片房?jī)r(jià)
breakin打斷breakinto=burstinto破門而入burstintoalaugh哄堂大笑breakoff折斷/中斷
breakout爆發(fā)breakthrough突圍breakup破裂/拆開breakwith戒除房?jī)r(jià)
5.inconnectionwith與…有關(guān)系/關(guān)于房?jī)r(jià)
6.beawareof知道/意識(shí)到beafraidof害怕beshortof缺乏besureof對(duì)…有把握
befondof喜歡befullof=befilledwithbeproudof以…為豪房?jī)r(jià)
7.trailanderror反復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)/不斷摸索
8.afterall畢竟aboveall=mostimportantofall最重要的是allalone獨(dú)自allalong始終allatonce=allofasudden=suddenly突然allbut幾乎allinall總的說來goallout竭盡全力allover全部房?jī)r(jià)
allthesame盡管如此/仍然allthrough整個(gè)…期間alltogether一道兒allup徹底完蛋
forall盡管onceforall一勞永逸inall=altogether=intotal總共alltheway一路上/徑直房?jī)r(jià)
firstofall=atfirst首先allthetime總是
9.keeptrackof保持聯(lián)系losetrackof失去聯(lián)系trackandfield田徑賽offthetrack偏離主題
onthetrack正中主題coveruponestrack隱匿行蹤
10.throwaway扔掉throwup嘔吐throwoneselfinto…積極從事throwoff匆匆脫掉/拋掉習(xí)俗房?jī)r(jià)
throwdoubton對(duì)…產(chǎn)生懷疑throwlighton使清楚/提供線索throwout扔出房?jī)r(jià)
throwaside扔在一邊房?jī)r(jià)
11.betiredof對(duì)…厭煩betiredfrom/with因…而累房?jī)r(jià)betiredout=giveout精疲力竭
12.comeupwith=putforward提出…comeup房?jī)r(jià)走進(jìn)comeupagainst遭遇comeupto符合
comeout出版/發(fā)表房?jī)r(jià)
13.havemuchincommon有許多共同之處commonsense常識(shí)outofcommon異乎尋常房?jī)r(jià)房?jī)r(jià)
thecommonpeople普通人incommonwith與…一樣房?jī)r(jià)
14.thinkabout認(rèn)真考慮thinkout精心想出thinkover仔細(xì)考慮thinkup想出thinkof想到
15.amatteroflifeanddeath生死攸關(guān)之事asamatteroffact事實(shí)上inthematterof在…方面上
forthematter進(jìn)一步來說房?jī)r(jià)
16.bringtoonesknowledge讓某人知道cometoonesknowledge傳到某人耳朵里
haveagoodknowledgeof對(duì)…熟悉
17.movetoward向…邁進(jìn)movein搬家moveon繼續(xù)前進(jìn)/轉(zhuǎn)話題moveout搬出去
moveabout/round到處走動(dòng)moveoff離去/走掉bemovedwith受…感動(dòng)
18.aswith=asto=asfor就…而言
19.attempttodo=attemptdoing=makeanattempttodo=makeanattemptatdoing=trytodo=seektodo…試圖做…
20.besimilarto與…相類似nowthat既然
高二英語下冊(cè)詞組句型歸納10
作為杰出的教學(xué)工作者，能夠保證教課的順利開展，作為高中教師就要在上課前做好適合自己的教案。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠聽懂教師所講的內(nèi)容，幫助高中教師提前熟悉所教學(xué)的內(nèi)容。高中教案的內(nèi)容具體要怎樣寫呢？下面是由小編為大家整理的“高二英語下冊(cè)詞組句型歸納10”，僅供參考，希望能為您提供參考！
Unit20
1.Itiscuriousthat…做某事很奇怪becuriousabout對(duì)…好奇becurioustodo=beeagertodo渴望做.
2.dozensof許多twodozeneggs兩打雞蛋somedozen(of)peopletwodozenofmy/thebooks
adozenandahalf=oneandahalfdozen18個(gè)
3.Ihavenotimetospare騰出Canyouspareaticketforme勻出sparenoefforts/expense不遺余力
inonesspare/freetime
4.tendto朝某方向/趨于tendtoonesaffairs照料事務(wù)tendtoimproveworkingcondtions有助于
5.theaverageman普通人averageout批評(píng)/達(dá)到平均數(shù)onaverage平均
6.linktheorywithpractice理論聯(lián)系實(shí)踐linkup把…連接起來Whenshallwelinkup集合/碰頭
link(up)with=connectwith與…相連接belinkedto與…相聯(lián)系havetradelinkswith與…貿(mào)易往來
7.themonumenttothePeoplesHeroes人民英雄紀(jì)念碑
8.homeandforeignafiars內(nèi)政外交seesbhome送某人回家makeoneselfathome別拘束
be/feelathome安適homesick想家的homeless無家可歸
9.intermsof就…而言/從…角度來說inthelongterm就長(zhǎng)期而言beongood/friendlytermswith與…交情好beonspeakingtermswithsb與某人交談投機(jī)onnoterms決不
cometotermswithsb與某人達(dá)成協(xié)議foratermof4years期限4年
10.intheeyesof在…看來
11.bedistanttowardssb對(duì)某人冷淡adistantlook茫然表情inthedistant在遠(yuǎn)處
keepsbatadistance保持疏遠(yuǎn)keeponesdistance不親近
12.lendahand幫助handinhand攜手inhand手頭上on/athand在手邊/即將來臨byhand手工
ononehand…ontheotherhand一方面…另一方面handdown=passdown流傳handover移交
handsthouttosb分配handin=turnin上交handout分發(fā)haveahandin參與/插手
inthehandsof…在…的掌握中g(shù)ivesbahand幫忙shakehandswithsb握手
13.serveas作為/當(dāng)作
14.digforgold挖掘黃金digintoabook摳書本digout查出digdown挖下去/掏腰包
15.beinterestedin=take/have/feelaninterestin對(duì)…感興趣beofgreatinterest=beveryinteresting
16.goonaholiday去度假beonaholiday在度假中makeholiday度假
haveaholiday=takeaholiday休假
17.asawhole總體上asusual象往常一樣aswellas也asfollows如下aslongas只要]
18.fromallsides從四面八方fromsidetosidesidebyside并排
beononesside=beonthesideofsb=takesideswith=takethesideof支持某人
19.givesbanideaof使某人想到amanofideas有見解之人havenoidea=dontknow
20.overadistanceof…跨越…的距離coveranareaof…占地…面積
21.comeintoconflictwith與…發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)bringsbintoconflict使某人與…發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)
beinconflictwithsb與某人意見不一beinconflict不一致
22.Iwonderwhatlifewaslike…不知道生活會(huì)怎樣…nowonder難怪do/workwonders創(chuàng)造奇跡
wonderat/aboutdoingsth對(duì)…感到驚訝I(yíng)tisawonderthat…說來也怪…inwonder驚訝
23.asaresultof=thanksto=becauseof=owingto=dueto=onaccountof由于
24.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過去分詞
musthavedone過去一定做了某事
cant/couldnthavedone過去絕對(duì)沒做某事
may/mighthavedone過去可能做了某事
neednthavedone過去本沒必要做某事但做了
couldhavedone過去本來能夠做某事而沒做
should/oughttohavedone過去本應(yīng)該做某事而沒做
shouldnt/oughtnttohavedone過去本不應(yīng)該做某事而做了
