高中英語復習教案
發(fā)表時間:2021-05-02初中英語(新課標版)中考總復習沖刺材料1。
初中英語新課標版中考復習知識總結(jié)重點提要專題整合課題專練名師講解
聲明:本復習材料適用于初三中考學生,知識點全面,內(nèi)含中考試題和分析講解,1個月即可速成,普遍提升英語成績可達30分以上,熟練掌握者,完全可以攻破中考英語關(guān)!
特別聲明:版權(quán)所有,翻版必究?。。?/p>
鳴謝:本資源部分參考至互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和其他書籍材料,特此提出感謝!
1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listento、lookat(感官動詞)+doeg:Ilikewatchingmonkeysjump
2(比較級and比較級)表示越來越怎么樣
3apieceofcake=easy小菜一碟(容易)
4agreewithsb贊成某人
5allkindsof各種各樣akindof一樣
6allovertheworld=thewholeworld整個世界
7alongwith同……一道,伴隨……eg:Iwillgoalongwithyou我將和你一起去
thestudentsplantedtreesalongwiththeirteachers學生同老師們一起種樹
8Assoonas一怎么樣就怎么樣
9asyoucansee你是知道的
10askfor……求助向…要…(直接接想要的東西)eg:askyouformybook
11asksbforsth向某人什么
12asksbtodosth詢問某人某事asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事
13attheageof在……歲時eg:IamsixteenIamattheageofsixteen
14atthebeginningof…………的起初;……的開始
15attheendof+地點/+時間最后;盡頭;末尾eg:Attheendoftheday
16atthistimeofyear在每年的這個時候
17be/feelconfidentofsth/thatclause+從句感覺/對什么有信心,自信
eg:Iam/feelconfidentofmyspokenEnglishIfeelthatIcanpassthetest
18be+doing表:1現(xiàn)在進行時2將來時
19beableto(+v原)=can(+v原)能夠……eg:SheisabletosingShecansing
20beabletodosth能夠干什么eg:sheisabletosing
21beafraidtodo(ofsth恐懼,害怕……eg:ImafraedtogooutatnightImafraidofdog
22beallowedtodo被允許做什么
eg:ImallowedtowatchTV我被允許看電視IshouldbeallowedtowatchTV我應(yīng)該被允許看電視
23beangrywithsb生某人的氣eg:Dontbeangrywithme
24beangrywith(at)sbfordoingsth為什么而生某人的氣
25beas…原級…as和什么一樣eg:Sheisastallasme她和我一樣高
26beashamedto
27beawayfrom遠離
28beawayfrom從……離開
29bebadfor對什么有害eg:Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好
30beborn出生于
31bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于……
32becareful當心;小心
33bedifferentfrom……和什么不一樣
34befamousfor以……著名
35befriendlytosb對某人友好
36befrom=comefrom來自eg:HeisfromBejingHecomesfromBejingIshefromBejing?DoeshecomefromBejing?
37befullof裝滿……的befilledwith充滿eg:theglassisfullofwatertheglassisfilledwithwater
38beglad+to+do/從句
39begoingto+v(原)將來時
40begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善長,善于……
41begoodfor對什么有好處eg:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish
42behappytodo很高興做某事
43behelpfultosb對某人有好處
eg:Readingaloudishelpfultoyou大聲朗讀對你有好處
Exercisingishelpfultoyourbady鍛煉對你的身體有好處
44beingoodhealth身體健康
45beintrouble處于困難中eg:SheisintroubleTheyareintronble
46beinterestedin對某方面感興趣
47belatefor=comelateto遲到eg:Belateforclass上課遲到
48belike像……eg:Imlikemymother
49bemadat生某人的氣
50bemadefrom由……制成(制成以后看不見原材料)
51bemadeof由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料)
52benotsure表不確定
53beonavisitto參觀
54bepopularwithsb受某人歡迎
55bequiet安靜56beshortfor表**的縮寫eg:陶isshortfor陶俊杰
57besickinbed生病在床
58besorrytodosthbesorryforsbeg:Iamsorryforyou
59besorrytohearthat
60besorrytotroublesbeg:Iamsorrytotroubleyou
61bestrictindoingsth嚴于做某事eg:Hesstrictinobeyingnoles
62bestrictwithsb對某人要求嚴格eg:Somestudentsarenotstrictwiththemselves這些學生對自己不嚴格
63bestrictwithsbinsth某方面對某人嚴格
64besupposedtodo被要求干什么
65besure表確定
66besureofdoingsth對做某事有信心eg:HeissureofwinningIamsureoflearningEnglishwell
67besureofsth對做某事有信心eg:Imsureofmyhead(myteacher我相信我的大腦(老師)
68besurethatsth對做某事有信心eg:Imsuerthathecanpassthetest我相信他能通過考試
69besuretodosth一定會做某事eg:Wearesuretopassthetest我們一定會通過這次考試WearesuretolearnEnglishwell我們一定能學好英語
70beterrifiedof+名/動doing害怕……
71beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事
72bethesameas…和什么一樣
73beusedtodoingsth習慣做某事
eg:Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly我爸爸習慣早Heisusedtosleepinginclass他習慣上課睡覺
74beworthdoing值得做什么
75be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某物beafraidthat叢句
76because+句子becauseof+短語
eg:HewaslatebecausehehadaheadacheHewaslatebecauseofhisheadache
77begintodo=starttodo開始做某事start…with…=begin…with…以什么開始什么
eg:LetsbeginthegamewiththesongIbegintogohome
78between…and…兩者之間
79borrowsthfromsb向……借……lendsthtosb(lendsbsth借給……什么東西
eg:Iborrowedapenfromhimhelentapentome(helentmeapen
80both=thesame(as)=notdifferent(from)表相同
81bother打擾bothersbtodosth
eg:Imsorrytobotheryou,butcanyoutellmetowaytothestation
我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎么去車站
theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks這個問題困擾了我?guī)讉€周了
Hesbotheringmetolendhimmoney
82bytheendof到……為止
83callsbstheg:Wecallhimoldwang
84care關(guān)心eg:Dontyoucareaboutthiscountrysfuture?你為什么不關(guān)心國家的未來
85catchupwithsb趕上某人
86chatwithsb和某人閑談takesbto+地點帶某人去某地
87comein進
88comeoverto過來
89comeupwith提出eg:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea你能想出一個好辦法嗎?
90communicatewithsb和某人交流
91consider+doing考慮做什么eg:Whynotconsidergoingtoluzhou為什么不考慮去瀘州?
92danceto隨著……跳舞eg:Shelikesdancingtothemusic她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞
93decidetodosth決定做某事
94doasurveyof做某方面的調(diào)查
95dobetterin在……方面做得更好
96dowrong做錯
97Dontforgettodosth不要忘了做某事
98Dontmind+doing/從句/名詞不要介意……
99each+名(單)每一個…eg:Eachstudenthasmanybooks每一個學生都有一些書100endup+doing
101enjoy+doing喜歡
102escapefrom從……逃跑eg:Theprisonershaveescapedfromtheprison犯人從監(jiān)獄里逃跑出來
103expecttodosth期待做某事
104falldown摔下來falloff從哪摔下來
105fallinlovewithsb/sth愛上什么
106farfrom離某地遠eg:Theschoolisfarfrommyhome
107find+it+adj+todo發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣
108findsb/sth+adj發(fā)現(xiàn)什么怎么樣eg:Ifindthebookinteresting
109finish完成+doing(名詞)
110fittosb=befitforsb適合某人
111forgettodo沒有做而忘了forgetdoing做了而又忘了eg:DontforgettogohomeIforgetclosingdoor
112from…to…從某某到某某eg:Frommeforher
113get/havesthdown做完,被(別人)做…eg:Ihavemyhaircut我理了發(fā)(頭發(fā)被剪了)
Tomgothisbadtoothpulledout湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了(被牙醫(yī)拔掉了)
114getapart-timejob=findapart-timejob
115getalongwellwithsb=getonwellwithsb與某人相處得好
116getalongwithsb=getonwithsb與某人相處
117getreadyfor=bereadyfor為什么而準備eg:IgetreadyformathIamreadyformath118getsbintotrouble給某人麻
119getsbtodosth
120get…from…從某處得到某物
121giveatalk做報告eg:Heisgiveatall
122givesthtosbgivesbsth給某人某物
123gofish釣魚goswimming游泳
124goontodo去做下一件事goondoing繼續(xù)做這件事
125gooutawayfromgooutof
126gotoschool上學(用于專業(yè)的)gototheschool去學校(不一定是上學)
127goodwayto好方法
128hatetodo討厭沒做過的事hatedoing討厭做過的事
129haveapartyforsb舉辦誰的晚會
130haveatalk聽報告談一談
131havebeendoing現(xiàn)在完成進行時eg:YouhavebeentalkingYouhavebeensleepingsince
132havebeento…(地方)……去過某過地方havegoneto…(地方)去了某地還沒回來
133havefun+doing玩得高興
134havesthtodo有什么事要做
eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo我有很多家庭作業(yè)要做Ihavenothingtodo我沒什么事情做
135havetodosth必須做某事
136havetrouble(problem)(in)doingsth做什么事情有麻煩
137have…time+doing
138have…(時間)…off放……假eg:Ihavemonthoff我請一個月得假
139hearsb+do/doing聽見某人做某事/正在做某事
140helpalot很大用處
141helpsbwithsthonessth幫助某人某事(某方面)helpsb(to)dosth幫助某人做某事
142hopetodosth希望做某事
143Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)
144howdoyoulike=whatdoyouthinkof你對什么的看法
145if:是否=wether
eg:Idontknowif(wether)Ishouldgototheparty我不知道我是否應(yīng)該去參加晚會
Hedontknowif(wether)wewillarriveontimetomorrowmorning他不知道我們明天早上是否能準時到達
146if:如果,假如(全部接一般時態(tài))+條件語態(tài)從句
eg:IllgotoLuZhouifitdoestrain假如明天不下雨,我就去瀘州
Iftheychangetheplantheywillletmeknow假如他們要改變計劃,他們會讓我知道的
IllgotoEngland,ifIhaveenoughmoneynextyear如果我明年由足夠的錢,我就要去英國
147inonesopinion=sbthink某人認為
148insomeways在某些方面
149intheend=finally(adv)最后
150inthenorthof…什么在什么的北方(north北sowth南west西east東)
151inthesun在太陽下
152increase增加
eg:Theyveincreasedthepreceofpetrolby3%他們把石油價增加了3%
thepopulationhasincreasedfrom12milliontenyearsagoto18millionnow
153insteadof+(名)代替
eg:Idlikeanappleinsteadofapear我想要蘋果,而不要梨子
IlikeEnglishinsteadofmath我喜歡英語而不喜歡數(shù)學
154introducesbtosb介紹某人給某人introduceoneself自我介紹
155invitesbtodosth邀請某人做某事
156Ittakessbsometimetodosth做某人花掉某人多少時間
eg:Ittookme5minutestodomyhomeworkIttakesmehalfanhourtocook
157Its+adj+forsbtodosth對某人來說做某事怎么樣
158Its+adj+todo做某事怎么樣
159Its+adjforsb對于某人來說怎么樣Its+adjofsb對某人來說太怎么樣
160Its+adj(forsb)todo(對某人來說)做某事怎么樣Its+adjofsbtodosth對某人來說做某事太怎么樣
eg:ItsniceofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish
161Itsagoodideaforsbtodosth對……來說是個好主意
162Itsimportanttosb對某人來說很重要eg:Itsimportanttome
163ItstimetodosthItstimeforsth到了該去做某事的時間
eg:ItstimetohaveclassItstimeforclass該去上課了
164join=takepartin參加
165justnow剛才
166keep+sb/sth+adj/介詞短語讓什么保持什么樣?
167keepout不讓……進入
168keepsbadj讓……保持……eg:Iwanttokeepmymotherhappykeephealthy保持健康
169keyto+名詞表示:某物的鑰匙或某題的答案
170keyto…anserto…key可以是答題或鑰匙
171laughat…取笑……eg:DontlanghatothersWelanghedatthejoke
172learnbyoneslfe自學
173learnfromsb向某人學習eg:WeshouldlearnfromLeiFeng
174learntodosth學做某事
175letsbdosth讓某人做某事
176Letsbdown讓某人失望eg:Weshouldntletourfarentsdown我們不應(yīng)該讓我們的父母失望
177livefrom:離某地遠
178livein+大地方/at+小地方居住在某地eg:IliveinLuZhouShelivesatXuanTan
179lookafter=takecareof照顧照看
180loseonesway誰迷路eg:Loseyourway你迷路
181makeadecisiontodosth決定做某事
182makefriendswithsb和誰成為朋友eg:Iwanttomakefriendswithyou
183makeitearly把時間定的早一點
184makeonexhibitionofoneself讓某人出洋相
185makesb/n+n使什么成為什么eg:ImadehermystepmollerImadeyoumywife
186makesb/sth+adj使某人(某物)怎么樣eg:Youmustmadeyourbedclean
187makesb/sthadj使某人/某物怎么樣
188makesbdosth讓某人做某事eg:Imadehimwrite我以前讓他寫
189makeupbemadeupof(被動語態(tài))由……組成
190make…differenceto…
191mindsbtodomindonesdoing介意……做什么
192most+名mostof+代
193muchtoo+形容詞
194mustbe一定
195need+名詞
196needsbdosth需要某人做某事
197needtodo(實義動詞)needdo(情態(tài)動詞)
198no/neithrofhatetodono/neithrofhatedoing
199no+名詞
200notanymore=nomore再也不……eg:HedidntcryanymoreHecriednomore他再也不哭
201not…(形、副)atalleg:Hesnottallatallshedoesntjunpfaratall
202not…atall一點都不
203not…either表否定,也不eg:IdontjapanseeitherIdonthavesister,either我也沒有姐姐
204not…until直到……才……
eg:IdidntsleepuntilmymothercamebackThechilddidntstopcryinguntilIgivehersugar
205offer/providesbwithsth給某人提供
206offersbsth(offersthtosb提供什么東西給某人eg:Iofferyouwater(Iofferwatertoyou我給你提供水
207ononeswayto…在誰去那的路上
208ontheonehand一方面ontheotherhand另一方面
209onthephone=overthephone用電話交談
210ontime準時intime及時
211oneday=someday=someday一天,有一天
212oneof+可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式
213onetoanother一個到另一個
214overandoveragin一遍又一遍的eg:Hecleanedtheflooroverandoveragin
215part-timejob兼職工作fall-timejob全職工作
216payfor…付……錢paythebill開錢,付錢
217please+do
218pleasehelpyourself
219pleasedwithsb
220poolinto=poreinto
221practice+doing練習做某事
222prefersthtosth相對……更喜歡……eg:Ipreferphysicstochemisty在物理和化學中,我更喜歡物理
preferdoingtosth更喜歡去做…不愿意去做…eg:Heprefersridingabiketodiving他更喜歡騎自行車,不開小車
prefertodosthratherthandosth寧愿做…也不愿
eg:Myundepreferstobuyanowcarratherthanrepaivtheusedone我叔叔更喜歡買新的車,也不去修舊車
prefersbnottodosth更愿意…eg:Ipreferhernottocome我不喜歡她不來
223pretendtodosth裝著去做什么pretendthat從句
eg:Thetwocheatspretendedtobeworkingveryhard這兩個騙子裝著努力工作
Hepretendedthathedidnotknowtheanswer他裝著不知道答案
224rather…than寧可……也不……
eg:Iwouldratherbeadoctorthanateacher我愿肯當醫(yī)生,也不當老師
Helikesdogsratherthancats他喜歡狗,不喜歡貓
225regard…as把……當作……
eg:Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourfamily請帶我向你的家人我最好的問候
Iregardyouasmyfriend我把你當作我的朋友
Heshowslittleregardforothers他不愛關(guān)心別人
226remidsbaboutsth提醒某人什么事remidsbtodosth提醒某人做某事
eg:heremidsmeaboutcooking(heremidsmetocook他提醒我做飯
227remidsbofsth使某人想起什么
eg:thepicturesremindmeofmyschooldays這照片使我想起了我的學校
thewordsthat(which)theteachertalketoremindmeofmymother
228returnsthtosb還什么東西給某人
229saytooneself對自己說
230saytosb對某人說
231sbspendsomemoneyonsth花了多少錢在某事上
232sbspendsometimewithsb花了多少時間陪誰
233sbspendsometime(in)doingsth花了多少時間做某事
234sbwithsb+issbandsb+are
235seesbdo看見某人做過某事seesbdoing看見某人正在做某事
236seemtodo/be+adj顯得怎么樣eg:YouseemtobetiredYouseemtobehappy
237send+sbsth送給某人某物
238send…to…把什么寄到哪里去?
239shock使……震驚eg:Oh,Itsonlyyou!Yougivemeashock啊,是你呀!嚇我一跳
240showsbsth向某人展示某物eg:Ishowherthebook.
241showsbsth=showsthtosb拿什么東西給某人看eg:ShowmeyourpenShowyourpentome
242showsthtosb向某人展示某物eg:Ishowthebooktoher.
243some…others…一些……另一些……
244start…with…從……開始begin…with…從……開始
245stayawayfrom遠離……
eg:Weretoldtostayawayfromtheanimalswhevisitingthezoo當我們參觀zoo時,我們要遠離動物
Ifyouwanttoloseweightyoudbetterstayauayfromthesweetfood徒工你想減肥,你最好遠離甜食
246stopdoing停下正在做的事
247stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事
248stopsb(from)doing阻止某人做某事
249stoptodo停下正在做的事去做下一件事
250such+名這樣,這種
251suitsb適合某人
252surprisesb使某人驚奇toonessurprise令某人驚奇
253takeclasses上課
254takesbto把某人帶去eg:Itakeyoutothehospital
255takewalks=takeawalk=goforawalk散步
256①talkto對誰說eg:Italktoyou②talkwith和誰說eg:Italkwithhim
③talkof談到eg:wetalkedofyou④talkabout談?wù)撽P(guān)于……
257talkwithsb和某人說話
258teachsbsth教某人做某事
259tellsbdosth告訴某人做某事
260tellsbsthtellsbthat叢句tellsbnottodosthtellastory
261tellsbsth告訴某人某事
262tellsbtodosth告訴某人做什么tellsbnottodosth告訴某人不要做什么
263tell…from…
264thankyoufor+doing
265thesame+名詞(doing)+as……
266thesame…(名)…asas…(adjadv)…as相同
267thewaytodosth=thewayofdoingst做某方面的方法thewayto+地方去哪的路
eg:DoyouknowthewaytolearnEnglishDoyouknowthewayoflearningEnglish
268thewayto…(地點)到哪的
269too…to…太怎樣而不能……adj+enoughto足夠…能…so…that+叢句
eg:Heistooyoungtogotoschool=Heissoyoungthathecantgotoschool
Heisoldenoughtogotoschool=Heissooldthathecangotoschool
270transalte……into……把什么翻譯成什么eg:TrasalteEnglishintochinese
271travelwithsb和某人去旅游
272tryonesbesttodosth盡某人最大的努力去做某事eg:IwilltrymybesttolearnEnglishwell
273trytodosth想干什么,但沒成功trydoingsth想干什么,已經(jīng)做過了
eg:Hetriedtoclimb他想爬上去,但沒成功Hetriedclimbing他想爬上去,已經(jīng)做過了
274try…試衣服haveatry試一下
275turndown開小←→turnup開大
276turnoff關(guān)上←→turnon打開open拆開
277upsidedown倒著
278visitto…參觀某個地方
279waitforsb等某人
1)經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語:every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday。例如:
Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.每天早上我七點離開家。
2)客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。例如:
Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動。
ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中國東部。
3)表示格言或警句。例如:
Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
例:Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4)現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。例如:
Idontwantsomuch.我不要那么多。
AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。
比較:NowIputthesugarinthecup.把糖放入杯子。
Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時,用于操作演示或指導說明的示范性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。
1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。例如:
Wheredidyougojustnow?剛才你上哪兒去了?
2)表示在過去一段時間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。例如:
WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。
WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.
那時,布朗一家無論什么時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。
3)句型:Itistimeforsb.todosth"到……時間了""該……了"。例如:Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你該睡覺了。
Itistimethatsb.didsth."時間已遲了""早該……了",例如Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早該睡覺了。
would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示寧愿某人做某事。例如:Idratheryoucametomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4)wish,wonder,think,hope等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去,現(xiàn)已不復存在。例如:Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以為你想要一些。
比較:Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.(含義:她已不在人間。)
Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.(含義:她現(xiàn)在還活著)
Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)
注意:用過去時表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語氣。
1)動詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如:
Didyouwantanythingelse?您還要些什么嗎?
Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.能不能幫我一下。
2)情態(tài)動詞could,would。例如:
Couldyoulendmeyourbike?你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?
usedto+do:"過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。例如:
Motherusednottobesoforgetful.老媽過去沒那么健忘。
Scarfusedtotakeawalk.斯卡夫過去常常散步。
beusedto+doing:對……已感到習慣,或"習慣于",to是介詞,后需加名詞或動名詞。例如:
Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.
Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習慣于散步了。
典型例題
----Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.
----Its69568442.
A.didntB.couldntC.dontD.cant
答案A.本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去,因此應(yīng)用過去時。
1)shall用于第一人稱,常被will所代替。will在陳述句中用于各人稱,在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。例如:
WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?我先讀哪一段呢?
Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?今晚七點回家好嗎?
2)begoingto+不定式,表示將來。
a.主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢?
b.計劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。例如:Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。這出戲下月開播。
c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如:Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那烏云,快要下雨了。
3)be+不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如:
WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。
4)beaboutto+不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:
HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他馬上要去北京。
注意:beabouttodo不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
例如:
Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,youdbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.
Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.
beto表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,begoingto表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如:
Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)
Imgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)
1)下列動詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:
Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.火車明天上午六點開。
Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.汽車什么時候開?十分鐘后。
2)以here,there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進行。例如:
Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.車來了。
Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.鈴響了。
3)在時間或條件句中。例如:
WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.比爾來后,讓他等我。
IllwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.我到了那里,就寫信給你。
4)在動詞hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等的賓語從句中。例如:
Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.離開房間前,務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。
下列動詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示將來。例如:
Imleavingtomorrow.明天我要走了。
Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?
現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成:have(has)+過去分詞。
1)一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的,強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強調(diào)的是影響。
2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday,lastweek,…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等,皆為具體的時間狀語。
現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語:thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,already,recently,lately等。
3)現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.。
4)一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等
例如:
Isawthisfilmyesterday.(強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了)
Ihaveseenthisfilm.(強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了)
Whydidyougetupsoearly?(強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了)
Whohasnthandedinhispaper?(強調(diào)有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)
HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))
HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))
5)句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday,last,week,in1960)時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.
(對)Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.
Since用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。例如:
Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.我住在這兒二十多年了。
IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:并非有for作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。
Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)
Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法,很容易排除非延續(xù)動詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時中的誤用。
1)(對)TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.
2)(錯)Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.
顯然,第二句不對,它應(yīng)改為Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.
1)since+過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。例如:
Ihavebeenheresince1989.1989起,我一直在這兒。
2)since+一段時間+ago。例如:
Ihavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.我在這兒,已經(jīng)有五個月了。
3)since+從句。例如:
Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.你走后,變化可大了。
Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincewewerehere.我們走后,變化可大了。
4)Itis+一段時間+since從句。例如:
ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.我考上研究生有兩年了。
1)用于完成時的區(qū)別
延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷;瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如:
Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那項工作。(表結(jié)果)
Iveknownhimsincethen.我從那時起就認識他了。(表經(jīng)歷)
2)用于till/until從句的差異
延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……"瞬間動詞用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:
Hedidntcomebackuntiltenoclock.他到10點才回來。
Hesleptuntiltenoclock.他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.
A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet
答案B.首先本題后句強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,severaltimes告知為反復發(fā)生的動作,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。
2.---Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.
---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.
A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe
答案A.等待的動作由過去開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。
1)兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生,又不強調(diào)先后,或用then,and,but等連詞時,多用一般過去時。例如:
Whenshesawthemouse,shescreamed.她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。
MyauntgavemeahatandIlostit.姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。
2)兩個動作相繼發(fā)生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。例如:
WhenIheardthenews,Iwasveryexcited.
3)敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。例如:
OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.
1)表示事實狀態(tài)的動詞,如have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。例如:Ihavetwobrothers.我有兩兄弟。
Thishousebelongstomysister.這房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞,如know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。例如:Ineedyourhelp.我需要你的幫助。
Helovesherverymuch.他愛她很深。
3)瞬間動詞,如accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse等。例如:
Iacceptyouradvice.我接受你的勸告。
4)系動詞,如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn等。例如:
Youseemalittletired.你看上去有點累。
1)概念:表示過去某時正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作。
2)過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個長動作延續(xù)的時候,另一個短動作發(fā)生。
3)常用的時間狀語有thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while等。例如:
Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。
Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.他們離開車站時,正下著雨。
WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.我到達山頂時,陽光燦爛。
典型例題
1)Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.
A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes
答案C.割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用過去時。同時,when表時間的同時性,"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發(fā)生的背景,因此用過去進行時。
2)Asshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.
A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell
答案B.句中的as=when,while,意為"當……之時"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時,用過去進行;一個長動作發(fā)生的時候,另一個短動作發(fā)生。句意為"在她看報紙時,奶奶睡著了。"句中的fell(fall的過去時),是系動詞,后跟形容詞,如:fallsick。
一.詞匯
⑴單詞
1.介詞:in,on,under,behind,near,at,of
1).in表示"在……中","在……內(nèi)"。例如:
inourclass在我們班上
inmybag在我的書包里
inthedesk在桌子里
intheclassroom在教室里
2).on表示"在……上"。例如:
onthewall在墻上
onthedesk在桌子上
ontheblackboard在黑板上
3).under表示"在……下"。例如:
underthetree在樹下
underthechair在椅子下
underthebed在床下
4).behind表示"在……后面"。例如:
behindthedoor在門后
behindthetree在樹后
5).near表示"在……附近"。例如:
neartheteachersdesk在講桌附近
nearthebed在床附近
6).at表示"在……處"。例如:
atschool在學校
athome在家
atthedoor在門口
7).of表示"……的"。例如:
apictureofourclassroom我們教室的一幅畫
amapofChina一張中國地圖
2.冠詞a/an/the:
冠詞一般位于所限定的名詞前,用來署名名詞所指的人或事物。冠詞有不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞有兩個形式,即a和an。a用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前,如abook;an用在以元音音素開頭的字母前,如anapple.
a或an與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,泛指某類人或某物中的一個。
Thisisacat.
這是一只貓。
ItsanEnglishbook.
這是一本英語書。
Hisfatherisaworker.
他的爸爸是個工人。
the既可以用在可數(shù)名詞前,也可以用在不可數(shù)名詞前,表示某個或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到過的人或事物。
Whostheboyinthehat?
戴帽子的男孩是誰呀?
------Whatcanyouseeintheclassroom?
------Icanseeabag.
------Wheresthebag?
------Itsonthedesk.
-------你能在教室里看到什么呀?
------我能看見一個書包。
------書包在哪呀?
------在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如:
Therearesomebooksonthedesk.桌子上有一些書。
Lucyhassomegoodbooks露西有一些好書。
②在疑問句和否定句中用any。例如:
Isthereanyinkinyourpen?你的鋼筆里有墨水嗎?
Doyouhaveanybrothersandsisters?你有兄弟姐妹嗎?
Thereisntanywaterintheglass.杯子里沒有水。
⑵記住它們的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到對方肯定的答復或表示建議、委婉請求的疑問句中,這一點我們不久就會學到。例如:
Wouldyouliketohavesomeapples?你想吃蘋果嗎?
②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:
Anyoneofuscandothis.我們當中任何一個都能做這個。
some和any的用法是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的考點,希望大家能準確地掌握它們的用法。
4.family
family看作為一個整體時,意思是"家庭",后面的謂語動詞be用單數(shù)形式is;如把family看作為家庭成員時,應(yīng)理解為復數(shù),后面的謂語動詞be應(yīng)用are。
Myfamilyisabigfamily.我的家庭是個大家庭。
Myfamilyareallathomenow.我的家人現(xiàn)在都在家。
Family強調(diào)由家人組成的一個集體或強調(diào)這個集體中的成員。home指個人出生、被撫養(yǎng)長大的環(huán)境和居住地點。house指"家"、"房屋",側(cè)重居住的建筑本身。
Hisfamilyareallworkers.他的家人都是工人。
MyhomeisinBeijing.我的家在北京。
Heisntathomenow.他現(xiàn)在不在家。
Itsapictureofmyfamily.這是一張我全家的照片。
5.little的用法
alittledog一只小狗,alittleboy一個小男孩。little常用來修飾有生命的名詞。
*但little還可表示否定意義,意為"少的",加不可數(shù)名詞。
Thereislittletime.幾乎沒時間了。
Thereislittlewaterinthecup.杯中水很少。
⑵詞組
onthedesk在桌子上
behindthechair在椅子后
underthechair在椅子下面
inherpencil-box在她的鉛筆盒中
nearthedoor在門附近
apictureofaclassroom一個教室的圖片
lookatthepicture看這張圖片
theteachersdesk講桌
amapofChina一張中國地圖
familytree家譜
haveaseat坐下,就坐
thisway這邊走
二.日常用語
1.Comeandmeetmyfamily.
2.Goandsee.IthinkitsLiLei.
3.Gladtomeetyou.
4.Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?
Icanseeaclock/somebooks.
5.Canyouseeanorange?
Yes,Ican./No,Icant.
6.WheresShenzhen?
ItsnearHongKong.
7.Letmesee.(口語)讓我想想看。
see在這是"明白、懂了",不可譯作"看見"。例如:
8.Pleasehaveaseat.
seat表示"座位",是個名詞。haveaseat表示"就坐",也可以說takeaseat,和sitdown的意思相同。
三.語法
1.名詞所有格
名詞如要表示與后面名詞的所有關(guān)系,通常用名詞所有格的形式,意為"……的"。一般有以下幾種形式:
(1).一般情況下在詞尾加"s"。例如:
KatesfatherKate的爸爸
mymothersfriend我媽媽的朋友
(2).如果復數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾,只加""。例如:
TeachersDay教師節(jié)
Theboysgame男孩們的游戲
(3).如果復數(shù)名詞不以s結(jié)尾,仍加"s"。例如:
ChildrensDay兒童節(jié)
WomensDay婦女節(jié)
(4).表示兩個或幾個共有時,所有格應(yīng)加在后一個名詞上。例如:
LucyandLilysroomLucy和Lily的房間
KateandJimsfatherKate和Jim的爸爸
動物和無生命事物的名詞的所有格一般不在詞尾加"s",而常常用介詞of的短語來表示。
amapofChina一幅中國地圖
thenameofhercat她的貓的名字
apictureofmyfamily我的家庭的一張照片
thedoorofthebedroom臥室的門
2.祈使句
祈使句主要用來表示說話人的請求、命令、建議、叮囑等意圖。祈使句一般不用主語,讀時用降調(diào)。為使語氣委婉、禮貌,常在句首或句尾加please。在句尾時,please前多用逗號。
(1).祈使句肯定形式的謂語動詞一律用動詞原形。
Goandsee.去看看。
Comein,please.請進。
(2).祈使句的否定形式常用dont于句首。
Dontlookatyourbooks.不要看書。
Dontplayontheroad.不要在馬路上玩。
3.Therebe的句子結(jié)構(gòu)
Therebe是一個"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式為:Therebe+名詞(單數(shù)或復數(shù))+地點狀語或時間狀語。
be動詞單復數(shù)的確定,看be后邊第一個名詞,當所接主語為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時,be動詞形式為is;當所接主語為復數(shù)名詞時,be動詞為are;當be動詞后接兩個以上主語時,be動詞與最臨近主語保持數(shù)上的一致。意思為"某地有某人或某物"。如:
Thereisaneraserandtwopensonthedesk.桌子上有一塊橡皮和兩支鋼筆。
Therearetwopensandaneraseronthedesk.桌上有兩支鋼筆和一塊橡皮。
(1)therebe的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式為:Therebe+not+(any)+名詞+地點狀語。
Thereisnotanycatintheroom.房間里沒貓。
Therearentanybooksonthedesk.桌子上沒書。
(2)therebe句型的疑問句就是將be提到句首:Bethere+(any)+名詞+地點狀語?肯定回答:Yes,thereis/are.否定回答:No,thereisnt/arent.
---Isthereadoginthepicture?畫上有一只狗嗎?
---Yes,thereis.有。
---Arethereanyboatsintheriver?河里有船嗎?
---No,therearent.沒有。
(3)特殊疑問句:Howmany...arethere(+地點狀語)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用Therebe...
Theresone./Therearetwo/three/some...
有時直接就用數(shù)字來回答。One./Two...
---Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?教室里有多少學生?
---Theresonlyone./Therearenine.只有一個。/有九個。
(4)如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,用:Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+isthere+地點狀語?
Howmuchwateristhereinthecup?杯中有多少水?
Howmuchfoodisthereinthebowl?碗里有多少食物?
專題一、英語構(gòu)詞法匯總及練習
一.概念
英語的構(gòu)詞法主要有:合成法,轉(zhuǎn)化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和詞首字母縮略法.
二.相關(guān)知識點精講
1.轉(zhuǎn)化法
英語中,有的名詞可作動詞,有的形容詞可作副詞或動詞,這種把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫作轉(zhuǎn)化法。
1)動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
很多動詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞,大多意思沒有多大的變化(如下①);有時意思有一定變化(如下②);有的與一個動詞和不定冠詞構(gòu)成短語,表示一個動作(如下③)。例如:
①Letsgooutforawalk.我們到外面去散散步吧。
②Heisamanofstrongbuild.他是一個體格健壯的漢子。
③Letshaveaswim.咱們游泳吧。
2)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞
很多表示物件(如下①)、身體部位(如下②)、某類人(如下③)的名詞可以用作動詞來表示動作,某些抽象名詞(如下④)也可作動詞。例如:
①Didyoubookaseatontheplane?你訂好飛機座位了嗎?
②Pleasehandmethebook.請把那本書遞給我。
③Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.她看護丈夫,使他恢復了健康。
④Welunchedtogether.我們在一起吃了午餐。
3)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞
有少數(shù)形容詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞。例如:
Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。
4)副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞
有少數(shù)副詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞。例如:
Murderwillout.(諺語)惡事終必將敗露。
5)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
表示顏色的形容詞??赊D(zhuǎn)化為名詞(如下①);某些形容詞如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等與the連用,表示一類人,作主語時,謂語用復數(shù)(如下②)。例如:
Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.你在葬禮中該穿黑色衣服。
Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.我們村的老年人過著幸福的生活。
2.派生法
在詞根前面加前綴或在詞根后面加后綴構(gòu)成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫作派生法。
1)前綴
除少數(shù)前綴外,前綴一般改變單詞的意義,不改變詞性;后綴一般改變詞類,而不引起詞義的變化。
(1)表示否定意義的前綴常用的有dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,mis-,non-,un-等,在單詞的前面加這類前綴常構(gòu)成與該詞意義相反的新詞。例如:
appear出現(xiàn)→disappear消失
correct正確的→incorrect不正確的
lead帶領(lǐng)→mislead領(lǐng)錯
stop停下→non-stop不停
(2)表示其他意義的前綴常用的有a-(多構(gòu)成表語形容詞),anti-(反對;抵抗),auto-(自動),co-(共同),en-(使),inter-(互相),re-(再;又),sub-(下面的;次;小),tele-(強調(diào)距離)等。例如:
alone單獨的antigas防毒氣的
autochart自動圖表
cooperate合作enjoy使高興
internet互聯(lián)網(wǎng)reuse再用
subway地鐵telephone電話
2)后綴
英語單詞不僅可以通過加前綴構(gòu)成新詞,也可加后綴構(gòu)成新詞。后綴通常會改變單詞的詞性,構(gòu)成意義相近的其他詞性;少數(shù)后綴還會改變詞義,變?yōu)榕c原來詞義相反的新詞。
(1)構(gòu)成名詞的后綴常用的有-ence,-(e)r/-or(從事某事的人),-ese(某地人),-ess(雌性),-ful(一……),-ian(精通……的人),-ist(專業(yè)人員),-ment(性質(zhì);狀態(tài)),-ness(性質(zhì);狀態(tài)),-tion(動作;過程)等。例如:
differ不同于→difference區(qū)別
write寫→writer作家
Japan日本→Japanese日本人
act表演→actress女演員
mouth口→mouthful一口
music音樂→musician音樂家
(2)構(gòu)成動詞的后綴常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容詞之后),-fy(使……化),-ize(使……成為)。例如:
wide→widen加寬
beauty→beautify美化
pure→purify提純
real→realize意識到
organ→organize組織
(3)構(gòu)成形容詞的后綴常用的有-al,
-able(有能力的),-(a)n(某國人的),-en(多用于表示材料的名詞后),-ern(方向的),-ese(某國人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive,-less(表示否定),-like(像……的),-ly,-ous,-some,-y(表示天氣)等。例如:
nature自然→natural自然的
reason道理→reasonable有道理的
America美國→American美國的
China中國→Chinese中國人的
gold金子→golden金的
east東→eastern東方的
child孩子→childish孩子氣的
snow雪→snowy雪的
(4)構(gòu)成副詞的常用后綴有-ly(主要用于形容詞之后表示方式或程度),-ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的詞之后表示方向)。例如:
angry生氣的→angrily生氣地
to到→towards朝……,向……
east東方→eastward向東
(5)構(gòu)成數(shù)詞的后綴有-teen(十幾),-ty(幾十),-th(構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞)。例如:
six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六
four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十
3.合成法
1)合成名詞
構(gòu)成方式例詞
名詞+名詞weekend周末
名詞+動詞daybreak黎明
名詞+動名詞handwriting書法
名詞+及物動詞+er/orpain-killer止痛藥
名詞+介詞+名詞editor-in-chief總編輯
代詞+名詞she-wolf母狼
動詞+名詞typewriter打字機
動名詞+名詞reading-room閱覽室
現(xiàn)在分詞+名詞flying-fish飛魚
形容詞+名詞gentleman紳士
副詞+動詞outbreak爆發(fā)
介詞+名詞afternoon下午
2)合成形容詞
名詞+形容詞snow-white雪白的
名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞English-speaking講英語的
名詞+to+名詞face-to-face面對面的
名詞+過去分詞man-made人造的
數(shù)詞+名詞one-way單行的
數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞two-year-old兩歲的
數(shù)詞+名詞+edfive-storeyed五層的
動詞+副詞see-through透明的
形容詞+名詞high-class高級的
形容詞+名詞+ednoble-minded高尚的
形容詞+形容詞light-blue淺藍色的
形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞good-looking相貌好看的
副詞+形容詞ever-green常青的
副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working勤勞的
副詞+過去分詞well-known著名的
副詞+名詞fast-food專門提供快餐服務(wù)的
介詞+名詞downhill下坡的
3)合成動詞
名詞+動詞sleep-walk夢游
形容詞+動詞white-wash粉刷
副詞+動詞overthrow推翻
4)合成副詞
形容詞+名詞hotfoot匆忙地
形容詞+副詞everywhere到處
副詞+副詞however盡管如此
介詞+名詞beforehand事先
介詞+副詞forever永遠
5)合成代詞
代詞賓格+selfherself她自己
物主代詞+selfmyself我自己
形容詞+名詞anything任何東西
6)合成介詞
副詞+名詞inside在……里面
介詞+副詞within在……之內(nèi)
副詞+介詞into進入
4.截短法(縮略法)
截短法,即將單詞縮寫,詞義和詞性保持不變,主要有截頭、去尾、截頭去尾等形式。
1)截頭
telephone→phone
aeroplane→plane
omnibus→bus
2)去尾
mathematics→maths
co-operate→co-op
examination→exam
kilogram→kilo
laboratory→lab
taxicab→taxi
3)截頭去尾
influenza→flu
refrigerator→fridge
prescription→script
5.混合法(混成法)
混合法,即將兩個詞混合或各取一部分緊縮而成一個新詞。后半部分表示主體;前半部分表示屬性。
newsbroadcast→newscast新聞廣播
televisionbroadcast→telecast電視播送
smokeandfog→smog煙霧
helicopterairport→heliport直升飛機場
6.首尾字母縮略法
首尾字母縮略法,即用單詞首尾字母組成一個新詞。讀音主要有兩種形式,即各字母分別讀音;作為一個單詞讀音。
veryimportantperson→VIP(讀字母音)要人;大人物
television→TV(讀字母音)電視
TestingofEnglishasaForeignLanguage→TOEFL托福
Nato
三.鞏固練習
1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.
A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness
2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild,sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.
A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death
3.Thechildlooked________athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.
A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad
4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.
A.chemistryB.chemical
C.chemistD.physician
5.Thethree-________chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.
A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged
6.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.
A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership
7.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem,Jacklooked________aboutathisclassmates.
A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely
8.Toeveryone’s________,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.
A.satisfiedB.satisfactory
C.satisfyingD.satisfaction
9.—Whatareyoudoinghere?
—Oh,myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout________inEnglish.
—Youcanwrite________passageinEnglish?
A.600words;a600-words
B.600-word;a600-words
C.600words;a600-word
D.600words;a600-words
10.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.
A.permitB.permission
C.permittingD.permittence
11.Youmustcomewithustothepolice________.Ourheadiswaitingforyou.
A.headquartersB.headline
C.headmasterD.headache
12.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident;youdidit________.
A.intendB.intention
C.intentionallyD.intentional
13.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.
A.practiceB.practise
C.practicalD.practiced
14.The________orderedhimtopaya0fine.
A.judgerB.judgment
C.judgeD.judgement
15.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe________newsaboutIraqWar?
A.latelyB.latest
C.laterD.latter
16.TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin________.
A.longerB.length
C.longD.longing
17.Tomy________,Ipassedtheexameasily.
A.joyB.joyful
C.joylessD.joyness
18.Canadaismainlyan________country.
A.English-speakingB.speak-English
C.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken
19.How________heis!Heisalwaysacting________.Heisreallya________.
A.foolish;foolishly;fool
B.fool;foolish;fool
C.foolish;fool;fool
D.foolishly;foolish;fool
20.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It’sofgreat________.
A.valuableB.value
C.valuelessD.unvaluable
21.Therewere________fishintheriverinSouthAmerica.
A.indangerB.danger
C.dangerousD.dangerless
22.Theletter“b”intheword“doubt”is________.
A.soundB.silent
C.silenceD.sounded
23.Thechildlookedatme________.
A.strangerB.strangely
C.strangeD.strangeless
24.Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheir________bravely.
A.freeB.freely
C.freedomD.frees
25.Whatyousaidsounded________butinfactitwasuntrue.
A.reasonableB.reasonful
C.reasonlessD.unreason
26.Wehavetolearn________technologyfromothercountries.
A.advanceB.advancing
C.advantageD.advanced
27.Thechildrenliveinavillage________.Theycomeherealmosteveryday.
A.nearbyB.near
C.nearlyD.nearby
28.MrBlackisan________inthearmy,notan________inthegovernment.Youcannoteasilyfindhiminhis________.
A.official;officer;office
B.officer;office;official
C.official;official;official
D.officer;official;office
29.You’dbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttokeep________.
A.healthB.healthy
C.healthilyD.healthier
30.________speaking,Ididn’tdoitonpurpose.
A.Honestly B.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest
[參考答案]1-5BDACB6-10CBDCB11-15ACDCB16-20BAAAB
專題二、英語語法匯總及練習
動詞的時態(tài):
初中英語的動詞時態(tài)主要有五種:一般現(xiàn)在時,一般過去時,一般將來時,現(xiàn)在進行時,現(xiàn)在完成時.
1.一般現(xiàn)時的用法:主要由動詞原形表示,但在第三人稱單數(shù)時要在詞尾加-s。否定句和疑問句要用助動詞do,does.
A.經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。如Thetreesgetgreeninspring.。
B現(xiàn)在特征或狀態(tài)。如TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestinourcountry.
Hedoesn`tworkinthefactory.
C.普遍真理。如Thesunrisesintheeast.Fiveandtwoinseven.
2現(xiàn)在進行時:現(xiàn)在進行時是由助動詞be的人稱形式加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。
主要表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。如:
Wherearetheyswimming?Theyareswimmingintheriver.
有些動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時表示近期按計劃或安排要進行的動作。這些動詞是:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,worksleep,stay,play,do,have,wear…..
Sheiscomingtoseemetomorrow.
3.一般將來時:主要表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況。
由助動詞shall或will加動詞原形構(gòu)成。/begoingto加動詞原形構(gòu)成
Itwon’traintonight.Ishallmeetyouatthestation.
Heisgoingtohaveaswimtomorrow.
4.一般過去時:由動詞的過去式表示。
表示在過去某個時刻發(fā)生的動作或情況。包括過去習慣性動作。如;
Didyouknockatthedoorjustnow?/Hefinishedreadingthebookyesterday.
5.現(xiàn)在完成時:由have的人稱形式加過去分詞構(gòu)成
A到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動作。如:
IhavelentmybooktoAnn.我把書借給了安。
Hehasneverseenarealtiger.他從來沒有見過真老虎。
B、從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。如:
Shehaslivedheresince1991.從一九九一年起她就住在這里。
時態(tài)常用的時間副詞
一般現(xiàn)在時every(year,otherday,twodays,week,month…),often,always,usually,sometimes,inthemorning,insummer,onSunday
一般過去時lastweek,justnow,yesterday,yeaterdaymorning,thedaybeforeyesterday,then,
atthatmoment,(afewdays)ago,
一般將來時tomorrow,nextmonth,intwodays,
現(xiàn)在進行時now
現(xiàn)在完成時since,for(oneyear….),just,already,yet,inthelastfiveyears,…before.sofar
被動語態(tài):
被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。Be有人稱,數(shù)量和時態(tài)變化。
一般現(xiàn)在時:be(isamare)+及物動詞的過去分詞
一般過去時:be(waswere)+及物動詞的過去分詞
情態(tài)動詞的過去分詞:情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞
用動詞的適當時態(tài)填空:
1.Light_________(travel)fasterthansound.He_______(get)upearlyinthemorning
2.Johnusually________(go)homeonSundaymorning.
3.Cats________(like)fishwhiledogs_______(like).
4.Healways__________(sleep)withhiswindowsopen.
5.Onetree___________(notmake)awood.Twoandthree_______(be)five.
6.I______(say)youarewrong.Everything_______(go)wellinspring.
7.He_________(notwok)onSundays.He_______(take)awalkaftersupper.
8.Lucy________(prefer)coffeetomilk.Lily________(hate)traveling.
9.Children_______(love)toplaygames.Theboy_____(look)likehismother.
10.Thesun_______(rise)intheeastand______(go)downinthewest.
11.Where______you______(go)justnow?I_______(go)tothelibrary.
12.He______(live)inChinalastyear,buthe________(live)inJapannow.He_________(live)there
forthreemonths.He________(live)therebytheendofthisyear.
13.He_______(pay)tenyuanforhisnewbookyesterday.It______(cost)himsolittle.
14.What_____you_____(wear)yesterday?I_______(wear)ablueskirt.
15.He______(feel)verytiredlastnight,he____(fall)asleepveryquickly.
16.He______(say)he______(will)writetomeassoonashecamehome.
17.He______(take)histemperaturehalfanhourago.
18.We________(win)theleaguematchlastweek,we______(be)thewinners.
19.She______(keep)mewaitingforanhourlastnight.She______(be)late.
20.He______(find)itdifficulttogettosleep.becausehe_______(be)tooglad.
21.He________(read)abookwhenI______(see)her.
22.Greatchanges_______(happen)inthevillagelastyear.
23.He____(drive)toShanghailastweek,he________(choose)manypresentsforhisfamily.
24.Justnow,he______(mistake)meforLucy.
25.What______you_____(do)now?I________(look)formypen.
26.Look,they______(read)overthere,others_______(dance)underthetalltree.
27.Listen,someone___________(sing)Englishsongsnextroom.
28.It’sfiveo’clock..I________(do)myhomework,Mybrother__________(play)games,mymother_________(cook)supper,myfather________(mend)hiscarinthegarden.
29.Tom__________(fly)kiteswithhisclassmatesonthehillnow.
30.Who____________(wash)clothesoverthere?It’smymother.
延伸閱讀
初中英語(新課標版)中考總復習沖刺材料6
A.熟記結(jié)構(gòu)
被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞(p.p)”。被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)是通過be的時態(tài)變化來表示的,其人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)與主語保持一致。其具體變化為:
一般現(xiàn)在時:am/is/are+p.p.
一般過去時:was/were+p.p.
一般將來時:shall/willbe+p.p.
現(xiàn)在完成時:have/hasbeen+p.p.
現(xiàn)在進行時:am/is/are+being+p.p.
過去將來時:should/wouldbe+p.p.
含情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu):情態(tài)動詞+be+p.p.例如:
①Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople.
A.speak
B.isspeaking
C.speaks
D.isspoken
(選D。考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài))
②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool.
A.weretold
B.istelling
C.wastold
D.tells
(選C。考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài))
③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina.
A.must
B.mustbe
C.has
D.have
(選B??疾楹閼B(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài))
B.明確用法
被動語態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況:
1.不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者,或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者;
2.強調(diào)動作的承受者。例如:
這棵樹是那個男孩弄斷的。
Thetree____________bythatboy.
(填wasbroken)
C.熟練轉(zhuǎn)換
1.將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本方法為:
①將主動語態(tài)的賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語;
②謂語動詞變?yōu)椤癰e+及物動詞的過去分詞”,并通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態(tài);
③主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語,組成介詞短語放在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞之后。(有時by短語可以省略)。
2.被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置于主語之前;否定句是在第一個助動詞后加not;特殊疑問句的語序為:疑問詞+一般疑問句。例如:
①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.
Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce.(同義句)
(填mustbethrownaway)
②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?(改為被動語態(tài))
Where______vegetables______?(填were;grown)
D.注意特例
將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意幾個特殊情況:
1.含雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,有兩種方法:
①將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,直接賓語保持不變;
②將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,間接賓語用介詞to或for引導。例如:
①Hetoldusastory.(變被動語態(tài))
→Weweretoldastory(byhim).或:Astorywastoldtousbyhim.
②Hermothergaveheranewpen.(變被動語態(tài))
Anewpen__________________herbyhermother.
(填wasgivento)
2.短語動詞的被動語態(tài):在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,要將短語動詞視為一個整體,其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。例如:
①Thisdictionarymustnt______fromthelibrary.
A.takeaway
B.takenaway
C.a(chǎn)retakenaway
D.betakenaway
[D]
②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.(變被動語態(tài))
Thechildrenwill______________________________(byher).
(填betakengoodcareof)
3.含有復合賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變被動結(jié)構(gòu)時,通常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z,而賓語補足語就成為主語補足語。注意:省略to的不定式作賓補時,不定式符號to必須補上。例如:
SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday.(變被動語態(tài))
He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday.
(填wasseento)
4.不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu):動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)為“tobe+過去分詞”。例如:
Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity.
A.bebuilding
B.build
C.bebuilt
D.built
[C]
5.以疑問代詞開頭的疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動句時要注意詞序:應(yīng)將主動句中的疑問代詞改為介詞by的賓語,但仍然放在句子開頭。例如:
Whohasbrokenthecup?(改為被動語態(tài))
→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?
E.注意區(qū)別
被動語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別:
1)含義不同:被動語態(tài)強調(diào)動作,重點說明動作由誰完成、怎樣完成;而過去分詞作表語通常用來描寫情景,敘述人或事物的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。試比較:
Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。(被動語態(tài))
2)用法不同:過去分詞作表語時可以被so,very,too等程度副詞修飾,而被動語態(tài)則不能用so,very,too修飾,而需用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch修飾。試比較:
Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他對科學有極大興趣。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidntknowwhattodo.我被那種場面搞得大吃一驚,不知所措。(被動語態(tài))
F.牢記(相關(guān))句型
初中教材中與被動語態(tài)相關(guān)的句型有:
1.becoveredwith被……覆蓋
2.bemadeof由……制作(發(fā)生物理變化)
bemadefrom由……制作(發(fā)生化學變化)
bemadein由(某地)制造
bemadeby被(某人)制造
3.beusedfor被用來……
beusedas被當作(作為)……來使用
beusedtodosth.被用來做某事
4.Itissaidthat...據(jù)說……
Itishopedthat...希望……
Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知……例如:
①—Yourcoatlooksnice.Isit______cotton?
—Yes.ItsShanghai.
A.madeof;madeby
B.madeof;madein
C.madefor;madeby
D.madefor;madein
[B]
②Thismachineisused______theroomwet.
A.forkeeping
B.a(chǎn)skeeping
C.keep
D.tokeeping
[A]
③據(jù)說在南京長江上又在建一座橋。
__________________that____________isbeing______overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing.
(填I(lǐng)tissaid;anotherbridge;built)
單項選擇
I. 選出劃線部分讀音相異的詞
1.A.mindB.dinnerC.bridgeD.happily
2.A.lotB.strongC.doctorD.front
3.A.parkB.startC.largeD.quarter
4.A.bornB.shortC.worldD.north
5.A.footB.moonC.cookD.stood
6.A.southB.thinC.eighthD.either
II.選擇填空
7.LinTaois_______Class2,Grade3.
A.ofB.onC.inD.at
8.Mysister________herhomeworkeveryevening.
A.doB.didC.doesD.doing
9.Carsandbuses_______stopwhenthetrafficlightsturnred.
A.canB.mustC.mayD.need
10.---Imsorrytotroubleyou,MissGao.
---______.
A.Thesametoyou.B.Fine,thanks.C.ThatsallrightD.Itdoesntmatter
11.YoumaycallRobertThomasBrown.
A.Mr.RobertB.Mr.ThomasC.Mr.Brown.D.Mr.RobertThomas
12.Theneweveningdress_______her300yuan.
A.spentB.tookC.payD.cost
13.Jim______atthisschool____twoyearsago.
A.hasbeen...forB.hasbeen...sinceC.havebeen...sinceD.havebeen...for
14.Please____theradio.Itstooloud.
A.turnoffturnonC.turndownD.turnup
15.Mr.Blackcouldntbuy___manythings.
A.heB.hisC.himselfD.himselves
16.Couldyoutellme___thecomputer?
A.howtouseB.tohowuseC.howuseD.howuseto
17.Youdbetter___lateforthemeeting.
A.nottoB.notbeC.nottobeD.not
18.Brucestudies___Dick.
A.sohardasB.asharderasC.ashardasD.ashardyas
19.Myparents___teachersofmaths.
A.allareB.areallC.bothareD.areboth
20.----CouldIspeaktoMr.Smith,please?
----___.Hesgonetothepostoffice.
A.IthinksoB.CertainlyyoucanC.ImafraidnotD.Imnotsure
21.Theshopis____onweekdays.Butits____onweekends(周末).
A.toopen...closedB.opens...closedC.open...closedD.opened...close
22.Mybrotheraskedme___kite___.
A.who...thiswasB.whose...thiswasC.whose...wasthisD.who...wasthis
23.---___doyouwritetoyourmother?
--Onceamonth.
A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowoftenD.Whattime
24.Whosgoingto___careofthegardenwhileyouareaway?
A.haveB.giveC.takeD.look
25.TherearetwoChineseclassesonFriday,___?
A.isthereB.arentthereC.arethereD.isntthere
26.---Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?
---_______.
A.Notatall.B.No,IwouldntC.No,thanksD.Yes,Ilikeit
27.Doyouenjoy____popularmusic?
A.tolistentoB.listeningtoC.tohearD.hearing
28.Beforeyoudecidetobuyanewcoat,youmay___.
A.tryitinB.tryinitC.tryonitD.tryiton
29.Peopleplanttreestostopthesand__towardstherichfarmland.
A.tomoveB.tomovingC.frommoveD.frommoving
30.Thisjacket___cotton.
A.makesofB.aremakeinC.ismadeofD.madein
31.Theworkwas___difficult___ittookusquitealongtimetodoit.
A.such...thatB.so...thatC.too...thatD.too...to
完型填空
AttheentrancetoabigofficeinLondontherewasabook.Allworkershadtowrite(1)when
they(2)eachmorning.Atnineoclock,themanager(經(jīng)理)hadtodrawaredline(線)(3)
thelastnameinthebook,andanyonewhocameafterthathadtowritewhyhewas(4).When
therewasathick(5)inthecity,thefirstpersontoarrivelateusually(6)"Delayed(耽擱)by
fog"undertheredlineinthebook,andtheneverybody(7)whocameafterthetjustwrote"The
same".Butonefoggymorning,the(8)mantoarrivelatewrote"Mywifehadababyearlythis
morning"insteadof(代替)"Delayedbyfog"undertheredlineinthebook.Twenty(9)thirty
peoplewhocameafterwrote"(10)"asusual.
1.A.numbers B.times C.namesD.excuses
2.A.arrivedB.left C.gotup D.met
3.A.on B.beside C.aboveD.under
4.A.out B.lateC.away D.sorry
5.A.rainB.fog C.snowD.traffic
6.A.foundB.understoodC.saidD.wrote
7.A.elseB.onlyC.or D.here
8.A.last B.first C.oldD.young
9.A.withB.of C.or D.but
10.A.NoB.YesC.OKD.Thesame
Passage1
WhenMartinwasalittleboy,helivedinthelittletown---Holthan.Atthattime,hethoughtthetownwasverybig.Well,Martincamebacktothetownlastnight,"Itsasmalltown!"hethought.
Thetownhaschangedverylittleinthepastfortyyears.ButMartinhaschangedalot.He
hasgrownintoaman.Histhought(思維)aremansthoughts.Heseesthingsthroughamans
eyes.Martinstayedinthetownforfivehours.Hewalkedfromstreettostreet,butheknew
nobody.WasHolthan,then,atownofstrangers(陌生人)?
No.Hesuddenlyunderstooditall.Onlyhewasastrangerofthetown.
初中英語(新課標版)中考總復習沖刺材料2
31.______you_______(look)foraball?Yes.Iam.
32.He_______always_______(try)outhisnewideas.
33.Theworldpopulation__________(grow)fasterandfaster.
34.What_______Lucy_________(wear)today?She_______(wear)adarkblueskirt.
35.______you_______(make)acake?No.I__________(make)dumplings.
36.It________(rain)hardnow.Ifit_________(notstop),we________(notgo)tothepark.
37.Thechildren________(go)theparknextweek.They________(have)agoodtimethere.
38.Hewithhisfather_________(play)footballtomorrow.
39.Myfriend_________(come)toseemeintwodays.
40.What______you_______(do)thisSunday?Nothingmuch.______we______(go)shopping?
That’sagoodidea.When______we______(meet)?
41.There__________(be)afootballmatchthedayaftertomorrow.
42.Jim__________(have)aswimthisevening.Afterthat,he________(do)hishomework.
43.ClassThree__________(nothave)anyclassesnextweek.
44.I________(buy)askirtformydaughternextmonth.
45._______you_______(start)yourhomework?Yes,butI_________(notfinish)ityet.
46.What________you________(do)withthelibrarybook?I_____just_______(return)it.
47.Excuseme.I________(lose)mycat._____you______(see)itanywhere?
48.IfI_______(lose)thebook,Imustpayforit.
49.I_______(come)togetmypanback..______you_______(finish)usingit?Notyet.
50._____youever_______(milk)acow?No,never.
51.Howlong_____you______(be)atthisschool?Fortwoyears.
52.He________(teach)inthisschoolfortenyears.I_________(live)heresincelastyear.
53.Morethantwodays________(pass)sinceweleft.
54._______you______(take)hertemperature?Yes,Ihave.I_______(have)acoldforaweek.
55._______you_______(sleep)well?Yes,I______(sleep)wellallnight.
56.I_______never________(hear)ofthatbefore.
56.Chinese_________(speak)bythelargestpeopleintheworld.
57.Thisbike_______(make)inShanghai.Bananas_________(grow)inthesouthofChina.
58.Metal_________(use)formakingmachines.
59.Sheep_________(keep)farmersforproducingwoolandmutton.
60.Thewatch_________(buy)twoyearsago.It_________(buy)fortwoyears.
61.Thebike_________(use)fortenyears.It________(break)downfortwomonths.
62.______you______(wear)italot?Yes.It_______(wear)fortenyears.
63.Theyoungtreemust__________(tie)tothestick.
64.Treesshould__________(plant)inspring.
65.Silk________(produce)inSuzhou.
66.Someofthethings________(show)inthemuseumnow.
67.ThePRC_________(found)onOctober1,1949.
68.Thelostboy_______(find)yesterday.
69.Thebook_________(write)inEnglishItcan__________(read)bymanypeople.
70.Oldpeopleshould___________(speak)topolitely.
71.Theteachershould____________(listen)tocarefully.
72.She_________(surprise)atthenewsjustnow.
73.She__________(see)torunintotheroombymefiveminutesago.
74.Theground_________(cover)withsnowinwinter.
75.Fruitshould__________(harvest)attherighttime.
76.Therearetwentymoretreesto___________(plant).
77.He________(mistake)forJimbythemanyesterday.
78.Greatchanges_________(happen)inthevillagesince1985.
79.Thecheapestpen________(choose)byhimatlast.
80.Thecarmust___________(drive)slowlybyoldmen.
綜合練習:
1.Thegirl_____(draw)acoontheblackboardwithchalknow.
2.When_____you______(lose)thebook?
3.Howmanytimes______youruncle____(be)toDalian?Twice
4.Thegirlalways_______(prefer)Chinesetomaths.
5.Thegirl_______(learn)tomilksincelastyear.
6.–What`sthegirlcryingfor?---She______(cut)herfinger.
7.Stop______.(guess).MrsHuhastoldmewhowonthehighjump.
8.Thedogoften____(follow)theyoungmaneverywhere.
9.Canyou_______(guess)itisn`this?
0.Hurryup,oryou(catch)______thetrain.
11.Rechard________(give)youacallassoonasyoucomesback.
12.Thelittleboyhurthishead.He_____(need)anoperationatonce.
13.Don`tworry.We_______(send)forthepolicemen.
14.Myradio_______(break).Ican`tlistentoit.
15.Robertlayquietlywhilethedoctors________(operate)onhim.
16.Don`tworry.They_______(take)goodcareofyoursinifyougotosavethesoldiers.
17.Mostpeople_______(hate)thebadweather.
18.Thespy________(cover)theblankswhilethepolicemencamein.
19.Don`tgotoseehim.He_________(change)hismind.
20.Jim______(make)afewfriendssincehecametoChina.
21.Don`tworry.Theforeignchildren_______(get)onwellonwellwiththeirclassmates.
22.Who_______(wear)thesweateroutsidelastnight?
23.Look.Youbrother________(fight)withJohn.
24._______thedoor______?(lock)
25.Glasses_________(make)ofglass.
26.Silk_______(sell)insomeshopsinthetown..
27.Thefactory_________(produce)machines.
28.DoyouknowtheFrenchman/Yes,I__________(know)himfortwoyears.
29.Thefarmersoften_________(sell)theirvegetablesinthemarket.
30.Howmanytelevisions___________(make)inthefactorylastweek?
31.Athermosisusedfor_________(keep)thewaterhot.
32.Canthemotorbike_________?(ride)
33.Theoldwoman__________(lock)theboxwhenshegoesout.
34.Don’tbeafraid.Thedogmust_________(tie)tothetree.
35.Allthenewwords__________(notlook)upinthedictionaryyet.
36.Howmanybabies__________(bear)intheworldeveryyear”
37.Thewoman_______(have)ababythismorning.
38.Theshoesinyoursize__________(sell)out.
39.Jackfelloverwhilehe______(pass0thestickontothesecondrunner.
40.Sorry,Ikeptyou________(wait)solong.
41.Theboyisalwaysmade________(wash)hisfaceinthemorning.
42.What_______(be)thepopulationintheworldbytheendofthiscentury?
43.MrBrownhasstoppedsmokingsincehe________(operate)on?
44.Tomsaidhe______(be)ateacherwhenhegrewup.
45.Hisjacket_______(wear)out.Hewantstobuyanewone.
46.Thewoman_______(seem)alwaysangry.
47.Willyougotoseethefilm?Thanks,but_________(see)it?
48.MissLi________(be)Washingtonforoneandahalfyears.
49.Whenwillyoufinish______thebook?(write)
50.I______(leave)mypeninthebedroom.Ihavetowritewithapencil.
51.Stoptalking.Theheadmaster_________(come).
52.Thebookcan________(keep)fortwoweeks.
53.Aftersuppershewenton_________(do)herhomework.
54.Itwasacoldnight.Anoldman_______(lie)underachairinthepark.
55.Doctors_________(need)ineverypartoftheworld.
56.She______(say)sheworksinanoffice.
57.Hisfather________(die)fortwomonths.
58.Bytheendofthismonth,Bill________(catch)upwithBruce.
59.Why_______youalways______(follow)me?
60.Thegirl_______(hurry)offjustnow.
61.Howmuch________you_______(spend)onthenexttravel?
62.MrBrown_______(come)intenminutes
63.Allthechildren________(take)goodcareofintheschool.
64.I________(go)withyouifyouagreewithme.
65.What_______(happen)atthecornerofthestreetnow?
66.Theyoungmanwasverylazy,sohe________(send)away.
67.Thewoman________(nothear)fromherhusbandsincelastApril.
68.Theboywassadbecausehisteam_______(beat).
69.Twooftheplayers_____(hurt)whileplayingfootball.
70.Pleasegoandseeafilmwithmewhenyou______(finish)
71.Howsoon_____you______(go)againtoChengdu?
72.Couldyoutellmewhat_______(grow)intheSouth?
73.Hislittlesister______still_____(sleep)whenhe______(get)upyesterday.
74.I`llpassthemessageontoLunyassoonasI________(see)hernextweek.
75.Mum_______(have)supperatsixeveryevening.
76.What______this_____(call)inEnglish?
77.Doyoufeellike______(walk)tothecornerwithme?
78.Eachofthepupils_______anhourtofinishthepaperyesterday.(give)
79.Youruncle_____underthetree,isn`the?(lie)
80.Heaskedmeifit_______(rain)thenextmorning.
81.You`dbetter_______(go)toseeadoctor.
82.We______(learn)overtenEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.
83.Theteam______(choose)yesterdayafternoon.
84.Hedoesn`tletus________(draw)onthewall.
85.Ilike_______(read)inbed.
86.It______(get)late,Imustgohome.
87.Neitherofus_______(have)muchtime.
88.Itgetstoohotfor_______(climb)
89.Hismother______(be)anursefornearlytenyears.
90.Bequite!Thebaby______(sleep).
91.Anewbridge_______(build)intheparklastyear.
92.Lucy______(do)herhomework.You`dbetter_____(turn)offtheTVset.
93.I_____(see)himyesterday.
94.Hersister______(learn)todrawsinceshewasfour.
95.Awoman_______(see)gointotheboy`sroom.
96.I_______(call)youassoonasIgettoBeijing.
97.Idon`tknowwhenshe______(return),butwhenshe_____(return).
98.Ifthere______(be)nowater,there_____(be)nolivingthingsontheearth.
99.I______(receive)aletteryesterday.It(write)bymybrother.He_______(stay)inHainan.He_____(be)therefornearlyayear.Inhisletter,he_____(say)he_____(return)toXuzhouthenextmonth.Ifhe_________(come)back,he______(leave).Andanewtheatre_____(build)nearourhome.It_____(finish)intwoweeks.
100.MyfriendLi_______(get)awatch.He_______(have)itfortwoyears.It_____(make)inatown.He_______(buy)itinastreetmarketand______(wear)ittoschoolalmosteveryday.Buthe________(like)it.It_______(have)often______(break)down.Hewouldlikeabetterone.Nexttimehe______(buy)onefromashop.
賓語從句:賓語從句在復合句中作主句的賓語。由下列詞引導,
1.由that引導(that在口語中可省略)
Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.
Shesaid(that)shewouldleaveamessageonhisdesk.
HewasafraidthathewouldforgethisChinese.
2.接連接代詞或連接副詞引導.(what.who.which.whose/where,when,how……).
Doyouknowwhattimethetrainleaves?
Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein?
Iwantedtoknowwhereweshouldshowourtickets.
3.whether或if引導
Lilywantedtoknowifitwouldrainthenextday.
SheaskediftheywouldgototheparkthisSunday.
*在選擇疑問句中,或與ornot連用時,必須用whether而不能用if。
變賓語從句需要注意以下幾點:
a.時態(tài)變化:主句是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句可以是任何時態(tài)
主句是過去時,從句必須是過去時態(tài)的一種
主句是將來時,從句必須是一般現(xiàn)在時。
B.人稱變化:不常用如:Heaskedme.“Areyouateacher?”
HeaskedmeifIwasateacher。
C.語序變化:WhereisMike?Doyouknow?
DoyouknowwhereMikeis?
Practise:
1.Hesaid.Theboyisacleverboy.
2.Heissure.Histeamcanbeatthem
3.Hewasafraid.Itwillbewindytomorrow.
4.Hesaid.Thelostbookwasfounded.
5.Hehopes….Hewillbeabletopasstheexam.
6.Heasked…..Whenwillthebusarrive?
7.Motheraskedherson….Whosepenareyouusing?
8.Thechildrensaid…..weenjoyourselvesverymuch.
9.Theboyaskedme…..Haveyouheardanynoisefromoutside?
10.Doyouknow….Whichwaymustwetaketo?
11.Idon’tknow…..Whyishelateforthemeeting?
12.Doyouremember…Whendidhedie?
13.Nobodyknows…Whenwillhecomeback?
14.Doyouknow…Whataretheylookingfor?
15.Heaskedme…Howlongdoesittaketowalktoschool?
16.Fatheraskedme…Whatiswrongwithyou?
17.Ididn’tknow…Heisgoingtohaveaboy.
18.Theyneverasked…Willitbeaboyoragirl?
19.Hedidn’tknow…populationisabigproblem.
20.Ithought…Hewillcomebacksoon.
21.Heaskedme…WhichTVprogrammewillyouwatch?
22.Idon’tknow…Willitgrowfast?
23.Lilyasked…Canthemanhelpthem
24.MotheraskedDotheyhaveacheaperone?
25.SheaskedLucy…Doyouneedsomemoretea?
26.Theteacheraskedus…Doyouhaveanyquestions?
27.Heasked…WhatdidLucysay?
28.Shedidn’tknow…Whowasintheroom?
29.Theywantedknow…Whatisinthestockings?
30.Heasked…Whatishispresent?
31.Heasked…DidJimhaveagoodjourneyhome?
32.Hewantedtoknow…WasitwarminMoscow?
33.Heasked…WhereisJack?
34.Hewantedtoknow…Whathashappened?
35.Heasked…Isanybodyhurt?
時間狀語從句:常用下列詞語when、after、before、assoonas、(not)until、since
關(guān)于主、從句的時態(tài)關(guān)系與賓語從句一致
1.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenhecamein.
2.IwillwritetoyouassoonasIgetthere.
3.Iwillfinishthecookingbeforemymothercomesback.
4.Ididn`tgotobeduntilmymotherreturnedhome
條件狀語從句:1.Wewon`tgototheparkifitrainstomorrow.
2.Ifyouhavelostthebook,youmustpayforit.
原因狀語從句:常用下列詞語because,for,as,so
1.IamlatebecauseImissedthetrain.
2.Hewaslazysohedidn`tpasstheexam.
綜合練習:用適當?shù)脑~填空
1.Youcannotgototheclassroom_____theyarehavingalesson.
2.______theyarrivedatthetheatre,theplayhadalreadybegun.
3.TomspeaksEnglish____well____anEnglishman.
4._______Iwaswalkinginthepark,ImetTom
5._______Ihaddonemyhomework,Iwenthome.
6.______shegothome,shebegantowashherclothes.
7.Tom`smotherhadbeenateacher_____shewastwenty.
8.Iwaited______hehadfinishedhiswork.
9.Youwillstudy_______youstudyhard.
10.______hehastime,hewillcomeandseeusinChangchun.
11.Idon`tlikewinterthere____itisverycold.
(共19講)
名詞當然是大家都很熟悉的了,我們吃的food,喝的drinks,穿的clothes都是名詞。Itiseasy,right?但是你可能被名詞的單復數(shù)變化、名詞作定語以及名詞所有格等問題搞得糊里糊涂的,到底該怎么用呢?OK,followme。
First,名詞復數(shù)的特殊變化。
普通名詞的復數(shù)我們知道是直接加-s或-es,可是偏偏有一些名詞不聽話,變化不規(guī)則。這些小調(diào)皮是:
a.class,box,watch,brush等詞以s,x,ch,sh,結(jié)尾,復數(shù)要加-es;
b.story,factory等以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的詞復數(shù)要先將-y變成-i再加-es;
c.knife,wife,life等以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞一般先將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v,再加-es;
d.以-o結(jié)尾的名詞,一般來說,末尾是"元音字母+o"的詞加-s,我們學過的有radio,zoo。末尾是"輔音字母+o"的詞,變復數(shù)加-es。如:tomato,hero,potato,當然其中的piano和photo,又是一個例外,他們的結(jié)尾只能加-s。
e.child(children),foot(feet),tooth(teeth),mouse(mice),man(men),woman(women)等詞的復數(shù)變化全不遵循規(guī)則。
注意:與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。如:anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成詞,故復數(shù)形式為Germans;
f.deer,sheep等詞更是懶得可以,竟然單復數(shù)同形。好記好記。people,police,cattle等詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實為復數(shù),所以它們的謂語當然也是復數(shù)形式,這就是集體名詞。theEnglish,theFrench,theChinese等名詞表示國民總稱時,也作復數(shù)用。
注意:maths,politics,physics等學科名詞,雖然以-s結(jié)尾,仍為不可數(shù)名詞。還有theUnitedStates(美國),theUnitedNations(聯(lián)合國)等應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。
別奇怪,名詞有時也可以作定語的。它作定語時一般用單數(shù),但也有以下例外。
a.man,woman等作定語時,它的單復數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復數(shù)而定。如:men workers,womenteachers。
b.數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時,這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式,中間加連字符。如:aten-milewalk十里路,two-hundredtrees兩百棵樹。
哇!這些問題好復雜,我好想輕松一下。那我們就輕輕松松地面對名詞所有格問題。
這里面內(nèi)容可謂少之又少,可也不能小視呦。
名詞所有格:
表示“……的”通常是在名詞的后面加-s,如:Childrensday,fathersshoes。但以-s結(jié)尾的名詞因為已經(jīng)有s了,只需加就OK了。如果兩個名詞并列,并且分別有s,.則表示“分別有”。.如:JohnsandMarysroom(約翰和瑪麗各有一間,共兩間);兩個名詞并列,只有一個s,則表示"共有"。如:JohnandMarysroom(約翰和瑪麗共有一間)。
還有些無生命名詞的所屬要用介詞of來幫助一下,如:amapofChina,theendofthisterm。
好,名詞部分我們已經(jīng)學完,Itsapieceofcake?接下來到了我們趁熱打鐵的時間了,
Areyouready?
練習:
1.Allthe_____teachersand______studentsarehavingameetingthere.
A.women…girls
B.women…girl
C.woman…girls
D.woman…girl
2.MrBlackisafriendof_________.
A.Jacksaunts
B.Jacksaunt
C.Jackaunts
D.auntsofJack
3.Thistoywasmadebya____boy.
A.ten-year-old
B.ten-years-old
C.ten-year-older
D.ten-years-older
4.Thefarmerraisedten_________.
A.sheeps
B.deers
C.horse
D.cows
5.Shelookedatussadlywithhereyesaslargeas_________.
A.hergrandmother
B.hergrandmothers
C.hergrandmothers
D.thatofhergrandmother
6.Wehavemovedintoa________.
A.two-storeyhouse
B.houseoftwostorey
C.two-storeyshouse
D.twostoreyshouse
7.The______wastoomuchforthechildtocarry.
A.boxssteel
B.boxofasteel
C.steelbox
D.boxofthesteel
8.WellgiveourEnglishteacheracardfor_________.
A.theTeachersDay
B.TeachersDay
C.aTeachersDay
D.TeachersDay
9.LiPingmetanoldfriendof_______onatrainyesterday.
A.he
B.him
C.his
D.her
10._________arebigandbright.
A.Theclassroomwindow
B.Thewindowoftheclassroom
C.Thewindowsoftheclassroom
D.Theclassroomswindows
實戰(zhàn):
1.Dontworry.Yoursonwillcomebackin______hour.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
2.Thisniceblouseisntmine.Its______.
A.you
B.your
C.Lucy
D.yours
3.Whats"potato"inChinese??。璉ts_____.
A.香蕉
B.大白菜
C.西紅柿
D.土豆
4.Theninthmonthofayearis_______.
A.December
B.November
C.September
D.October
5.A:MustIleavenow?
B:No,you_______.
A.neednt
B.mustnt
C.dont
D.wont
6.Wehaveahistorylesson______Wednesdayafternoon.
A.on
B.of
C.at
D.to
7.Suanhasmadequite______friendssinceshecametoChina.
A.few
B.afew
C.little
D.alittle
8.A:Haveyouever______totheWestLake?
B:Yes,I______therelastwinter.
A.gone,went
B.been,went
C.gone,havebeen
D.been,have
9.Doyou________English?
A.tell
B.say
C.talk
D.speak
10.A:MayI_______yourruler?
B:OK,Imgladto_______ittoyou.
A.lend,borrow
B.lend,lend
C.borrow,lend
D.borrow,borrow
11.Wellgotothemuseumifit_______tomorrow.
A.cantrain
B.wontrain
C.dontrain
D.doesntrian
12.Doyouknow________?
A.wheredoeshestudy
B.hestudieswhere
C.wherehestudies
D.hewherestudies
13.A:_______doyougotoseeyourgrandparents?
B:Onceamonth
A.Howoften
B.Howlong
C.howmuch
D.howmany
14.A:Wouldyoulikeanothercupoforange?
B:______Imfull.
A.No,thanks
B.Yes,please.
C.Hereitis.
D.Idontlike.
15.Youmustbetired.Whynot________arest?
A.tostoptohave
B.stophaving
C.stoptohave
D.tostophaving
我們剛剛講完了名詞,現(xiàn)在再來看看名詞的brother—代詞。它與名詞的作用其實很相似,所擔當?shù)木渲谐煞忠蚕嗖畈欢唷5矂e小看代詞呀!它還有很多的“小個性”呢!只要抓住它的幾個“小脾氣”,那么你就可以牢牢地掌握它了。
代詞中第一個“小個性”就是物主代詞。像my和mine這兩個小冤家總是讓人分不清誰是誰。但你只要記住它們最重要的區(qū)別—my的后面一定要接名詞,不可以單獨出現(xiàn),只能做定語,如:myfather;而mine則是名詞性,只能單獨出現(xiàn),在句中做主語和表語。如:Mineisgreen.Itsmine.記住這兩個句子,凡是名詞性物主代詞(yours,hers,his,its,ours,theirs)就都可以放在mine的位置上了。這樣,通過它們出現(xiàn)的位置不同,我們就可以把它們區(qū)別開了。
代詞的第二個“羅嗦”就是它有一個小跟班-self(selves)—反身代詞,也就是表示“自己、親自”的意思。關(guān)于反身代詞,需要注意的是她不能單獨做主語,但可以放在人稱代詞后面,做同位語。如:Marryherselfsaidso.瑪麗她自己這么說的。(不能說Herselfsaidso.)下面我給你開點小灶,單獨講一講須“特特”注意的地方。
Of+名詞性物主代詞:of+物主代詞構(gòu)成雙重所有格。公式為:a(an,this,that)+名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞。牢記公式,舉一反三。因為物主代詞不可與a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,no,each,every,such,another等詞一起前置,修飾一個名詞,而必須用雙重所有格。如:afriendofmine(我的一個朋友),eachbrotherofhis(他的每一個兄弟).
some,any的用法:我們都知道some用于肯定句中,而any則用于否定句和疑問句中。所以somebody,someone也用于肯定句中,而anybody、anyone則用于否定和疑問句中。
注意:在Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?(要來點咖啡嗎?)這樣的肯定疑問句中,說話人認為對方的答案會是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答時,用some而不用any。
every和each的用法:every強調(diào)全體的概念,指三個以上的人或物(含三個),不可單獨使用;each強調(diào)個體概念。指兩個以上的人或物(含兩個),可單獨使用.。Everystudentinourschoolworkshard.(我們學校的學生都很用功。)Eachstudentmayhaveonebook..(每個學生都可有一本書。)
both,either,neither的用法:
both意為“兩者全都”,與復數(shù)連用。either意為“兩者中間的任何一個”,neither表示“兩者之間一個也不是”,與單數(shù)連用。如:BothofthethemcomefromLondon。他們兩人都是倫敦人。Youmaytakeeitherwithyou。兩個中間你隨便帶哪個都行。Neitheriscorrect。兩個都不對。
Few,afew和little,alittle的用法:
Few,afew用來代替和修飾可數(shù)名詞,little,alittle用來代替和修飾不可數(shù)名詞;afew和alittle著重肯定意思,相當于漢語“有幾個”,“有一點兒”;few和little著重否定意思,相當于漢語“沒有幾個”,“沒有多少”
OK,代詞部分我們已經(jīng)學完,Itsapieceofcake?接下來到了我們趁熱打鐵的時間了,
Areyouready?
練習:
1.Wehadplentyofpaperbut______ink.
A.afew
B.few
C.notmany
D.notmuch
2.Learningaforeignlanguageisespeciallydifficultforthosewhohavehaveneverlearned______before.
A.one
B.it
C.them
D.that
3.Wereverybusybecauseweveso______bookstoreadandso_______homeworktodoeveryday.
A.much...many
B.many...much
C.many...alot
D.alot...much
4.Ithought______ofthematterbutstillcouldntfindoutthereason.
A.every
B.both
C.nothing
D.everything
5.Mycarisnotsoexpensiveas________.
A.him
B.hes
C.he
D.his
6.LilyandLucyhavearrived,but_______studentsarenthereyet.
A.other
B.others
C.theother
D.theothers
7.Therearehighbuildingson______sideofthestreet.
A.both
B.every
C.any
D.either
8.-Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?
-______eggsand______milk.
ALittle...afew
B.Alittle...alittle
C.Afew...alittle
D.Afew...afew
9.______isdifficultintheworldifyouputyourheartintoit.
A.Something
B.Anything
C.Nothing
D.Everything
10.Isthisstorythesameas______inthatbook?
A.theone
B.what
C.that
D.it
實戰(zhàn):
1.Thereis_________oldwomaninthecar.
A.不填
B.the
C.a
D.an
2.Weoftengotothepark_______Sundays.
A.on
B.in
C.at
D.from
3.Mybook________onthedesk.
A.is
B.am
C.are
D.be
4.Whichlanguageis________,English,FrenchorChinese?
A.difficult
B.thedifficult
C.moredifficult
D.themostdifficult
5.-________bookisthis?
-ItsKates.
A.when
B.Why
C.Where
D.whose
6.-CanyouwritealetterinEnglish?
-No,I_____.
A.maynot
B.mustnt
C.cant
D.neednt
7.I________myhomeworkwhenMikecamelastnight.
A.do
B.wasdoing
C.amdoing
D.havedone
8.Hebeganto________Englishthreeyearsago.
A.learn
B.learns
C.learned
D.learning
9.Jimisadriver,_______he?
A.does
B.doesnt
C.is
D.isnt
10."Whatswrong_________you?"thedoctorasked.
A.from
B.with
C.for
D.at
11.Heisrich,________heisnthappy.
A.or
B.so
C.and
D.but
12.-WhereisAlice?
-She__________tothelibrary.
A.goes
B.willgo
C.hasgone
D.hadgone
13."Help_________tosomefish,Mary."Myauntsaidtome.
A.themselves
B.ourselves
C.yourself
D.himself
14.Wellstayathomeifit________tomorrow.
A.rain
B.rains
C.israining
D.willrain
15.Thestudents_________onafarmfortendays.Thenthey_________toafactory.
Thoughthey_______backschool,theystillrememberthosefarmersandworkers.
A.havestayed,went,was
B.hadstayed,go,are
C.havestayed,go,havebeen
D.havestayed,went,were
Springiscoming.Thetreesaregreen,andtheflowersare beautiful.
多么美的季節(jié)??!我們要去郊游,去感受、去描繪我們周圍美好的事物。形容詞會幫你忙。可是形容詞怎么使用起來老出錯呀?不是放錯了位置,搞錯了級別,就是在使用多個形容詞作定語時排錯了順序。當然了,形容詞使用時需要遵循一些規(guī)則的。想知道嗎?接著往下看。
abeautifullittlenewwhitewoodenhouse從這個長長的詞中可以看出多個形容詞作
定語時排列有一定的先后順序。它們往往遵循以下規(guī)律:冠詞或人稱代詞所有格+數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)+大小+形狀+表示老少、新舊+顏色+事物質(zhì)地、人的國籍、用途。其實,你大可不必這樣費神記,只要記住我給你的句子就可以了。
Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike。這句話可能讓你撓撓頭皮,為什么wrong放在
something的后面呢?原來雖然大部分形容詞做定語時的位置是放在名詞之前的,但當形容詞所修飾的詞為something,anything,nothing,everything等以-thing為字尾的詞語時,形容詞要后置。
形容詞級別問題:
a.Ourclassroomistwicelargerthantheirs。(我們的教室是他們的兩倍。)這種表示倍數(shù)的句子用…times+形容詞比較級+than…這樣的格式。你記住了嗎?
b.Imthreeyearsolderthanyou.(我比你大三歲。)表示"大三歲,""高二厘米"等時用"表示數(shù)量詞的詞+比較級"。
c."越來越……"用"比較級+and+比較級"來表示。如:Theearthisgettingwarmerandwarmer。(地球變得越來越暖和。)
d."越……就越……"用"the+比較級…,the+比較級…"來表示。如:Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels。(他越忙,越覺得高興。)
最高級用法的用法就很簡單了,提醒你一點,最高級要用于三者以上。還有幾點是不得不提的:
alone和lonely:Ifeellonely,becauseIamaloneathome.你獨自一人在家用
"alone"表示"單獨的"、"獨自一人的",它表示一個客觀事實,在句中只能做表語。你在家感到寂寞,
用"lonely",表示主觀上感到"孤獨""寂寞",指一種悲傷憂郁的情緒,可作定語和表語。
older和elder:Jackisolderthanme,heismyelderbrother.杰克比我大要用"older",表示"年紀大的,年老的",常用做表語;他是我的長兄用"elder",表示"年老的,年長的",用做定語,只用于比較兩個人的長幼,只能作表語。
接下來又到了我們趁熱打鐵的時間了,你準備好了嗎?
練習:
1.Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.
A.littletwoother
B.twolittleother
C.twootherlittle
D.littleothertwo
2.Whichisthe_______country,JapanorAustralia?
A.moredeveloped
B.moredeveloping
C.mostdeveloped
D.mostdeveloping
3.-HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?
-Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthe___daysattheseaside.
A.fewlastsunny
B.lastfewsunny
C.lastsunnyfew
D.fewsunnylast
4.Thebooksarenot________tobepublished.
A.enoughintersting
B.interestingenough
C.sointeresting
D.toointeresting
5.Whatsyour_______sports?
A.themostfavorite
B.mostfavorite
C.favorite
D.thefavorite
6.Theres________withtherecorder
A.anythingwrong
B.wronganything
C.somethingwrong
D.wrongsomething
7.Hissisteris_______thanhe.
A.youngerfiveyears
B.fiveyearsyounger
C.fiveyearyounge
D.fiveyoungeryears
8.-WeshouldspeakEnglishinandafterclass.
-Yes,_____,________.
A.more,better
B.themore,thebette
C.much,better
D.theoften,thebetter
9.Theoldmanlivesalone,hefeels________.
A.alone
B.lonely
C.lone
D.alonely
10.Ithinkbananasare________ofallthefruits.
A.delicious
B.muchdelicious
C.moredelicious
D.themostdelicious
實戰(zhàn):
1.-WhatsthisinEnglish?
-Its______apple.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D.不填
2.Iwasborn________February18,1981.
A.on
B.in
C.at
D.of
3.Thereisnt______waterintheglass.
A.some
B.lots
C.many
D.any
4.-"________doyouwatchTV?"
-"Twiceaweek."
A.Howlong
B.Howfar
C.Howoften
D.Howmany
5.Ihavetwopencils,oneislong,_______isshort.
A.another
B.other
C.theother
D.others
6.Theyarepoor,_______theyarealwayshappy.
A.and
B.but
C.or
D.so
7._______beautifultheflowersare!
A.How
B.What
C.Howa
D.Whata
8.-"Doyou________English?"
-"Onlyalittle."
A.tell
B.speak
C.say
D.talk
9.Thereareabout_________studentsinourgrade.
A.twohundredsandtwenty-five
B.twohundredsandtwentyfive
C.twohundredandtwenty-five
D.twohundredtwenty-five
10.HisnameisRobertThomasBrown.Thestudentscallhim________.
A.MrRobert
B.MrThomas
C.MrThomasBrown
D.MrBrown
11.Yourbooksarehere,whereare_________?
A.my
B.mine
C.I
D.me
12.Shewillwritetomesasoomasshe_______inParis.
A.willarrive
B.arrive
C.arriving
Darrives
13.-"Itsafineday,______?"
-"Yes,letsgooutforawalk."
A.isit
B.itis
C.isntit
D.itisnt
14.Couldyoutellus________?
A.whenwillthemeetingstart
B.whenthemeetingwillstart
C.themeetingwillstartwhen
D.thenmeetingwhenwillstart
15.-"Mybikeisbroken,canyoumendit?"
-"Sorry,______."
A.Icant
B.Iwont
C.Ican
D.Idont
學完了形容詞,副詞講解起來會更容易一些。一般認為形容詞+ly就變成了副詞,如形容詞quick
加上-ly變成副詞quickly。但是象friendly,lovely雖然以ly結(jié)尾,但實則是形容詞,Sheisfriendlytome(她對我很友好。)可千萬不要誤認為是副詞喲!
副詞可修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞,這些用法相信大家已經(jīng)掌握。那我們挑選一下易混、易用錯的來詳細講解一下。
already和yet:
WhereisTom?Hehasntcomeyet.ButJackisalreadyhere.這句話中又是already,又有yet,是怎么回事嗎?原來already和yet意思雖然相同,但用法有點小區(qū)別。表示事情早已發(fā)生或提前發(fā)生用already,一般放于句中,用于肯定句和疑問句。含有already的肯定句,變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r,要將already變?yōu)閥et,且放在句尾。yet表示預料要發(fā)生的事未發(fā)生,位于句尾,一般用于否定句和疑問句中。
還迷糊嗎?再迷糊,只好再看一看上面的例句嘍。
hard和hardly:
hard,hardly兩者雖然只有-ly之差,意義卻大不相同。hard表示"辛苦,使勁,努力,"如:He
worksveryhard.(他學習非常努力。)而hardly為否定副詞,表示"幾乎不"。如:Theboxissoheavythathecouldhardlycarryit.(這箱子是那么沉,他幾乎搬不動。)
ago和before:
ago不能單獨使用,應(yīng)與threedays(months,weeks)等連用,而且和動詞的過去時連用。如:Imetmyneighbouranhourago.Before之前有"一段時間"時,指"距這段時間以前",和過去完成時連用。如:Hesaidhehadfinishedtheworktwodaysbefore.(他說他兩天前已完成了工作。)如果before單獨使用,是泛指"以前",常常和完成時連用。如:Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.(我以前沒看過這部電影。)
farther和further:
far有兩種比較級,farther,further.在英語中兩者都可指距離。如:Herunsfartherthanshedoes.(他比她跑得遠。)在美語中,farther表示距離,further表示進一步。如:Ihavenothingfurthertosay.(我沒什么要說的了。)
至于副詞的比較級和最高級問題,參照形容詞的就OK了。
試試趁熱打鐵如何?
練習:
1.Theteacherwasveryangryanddecidedtosend______school,sohewasntastudentanylonger.
A.awayhimfrom
B.himawayfromthe
C.awayhimoutof
D.himawayfrom
2._______,hedidntfailintheEnglishexam.
A.Luck
B.Lucky
C.Luckily
D.Luckly
3.-Areyoufeeling____?
-Yes,Imfinenow.
A.anywell
B.anybetter
C.quitegood
D.quitebetter
4.Themorewelookedatthepicture,_________.
A.thelesswelikedit
B.welikeitless
C.betterwelikeit
D.itlookedbetter
5.Afterthenewmachinewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced___shoesin1988astheyearbefore.
A.astwicemany
B.asmanytwice
C.twiceasmany
D.twicemanyas
6.OurEnglishneedstobe______improved.
A.farther
B.farthest
C.further
D.far
7.Whatapity!Lucyran_______moreslowlythanLily.
A.afew
B.much
C.alittle
D.little
8.Heisrunning_______now.
A.moreslowlyandmoreslowly
B.slowlierandslowlier
C.moreandmoreslowly
D.slowlyandslowly
9.Lastnightmyfatherwentback_________laterthanbefore.
A.quite
B.very
C.even
D.muchmore
10.Thesickmanwastoothintogoany_______.
A.far
B.farther
C.further
D.farthest
初中英語(新課標版)中考總復習沖刺材料3
實戰(zhàn):
1.Theanswerisniceandsoft.ShallI______theshopkeeperifIcantryiton?
A.ask
B.answer
C.speak
D.tell
2.Tickets,please.MayI______yourticketplease,madam?
A.show
B.watch
C.find
D.see
3.Itsnotgoodto______whenyouarewaitingforabus.
A.standinline
B.getonwell
C.jumpthequeue
D.waitforyourturn
4.Itshardtocountthemonkeys,theyrerunningandjumping__________.
A.attimes
B.allthetime
C.moreorless
D.rightaway
5.Imsorry,weve_______theshoesinyoursize.
A.paidfor
B.puton
C.soldout
D.putaway
6.Weihuaspenwas________,sosheneededanewone.
A.broken
B.long
C.cheap
D.here
7.Youcanoftenbuythingsfromtheirshop_______home.
A.oftheway
B.bytheway
C.anotherwayof
D.onyourway
8.Theteacherintheschoollibraryisvery________.Youmustreturnyourlibrarybookontime!
A.kind
B.lonely
C.strict
D.polite
9.Thankstoman-makesatellite,theworlditselfisbecomingamuchsmaller_____.
A.space
B.place
C.room
D.universe
10.Ilikethesweater,butit________toomuch.
A.uses
B.takes
C.costs
D.spends
11.FatherChristmaslandsontopof_______houseandclimbsdownthechimneyintothefire-place.
A.each
B.all
C.either
D.both
12.Theiceisverythin.Its_______dangerous_____walkonit.
A.so,that
B.as,as
C.from,to
D.too,to
13.Onedayhismotherwasill.She______adoctor.
A.sentfor
B.sentaway
C.sentup
D.fellbehind
14.He_______theradioandlistenedtothemusic.
A.opened
B.turnedon
C.turnedoff
D.closed
15.Thedoctor_______MrsBrownverycarefullyandthensaid:"Theresnothingmuchwrongwithyou."
A.watched
B.operated
C.lookedover
D.lookedafter
我們步步深入,開始接觸到整個句子的heart--動詞了。掌握了動詞,你學起英語來就會感到駕輕就熟了。告訴你,一定要記牢動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞,過去式,過去分詞,如果在這些小地方丟分,那才討厭呢。比如:catch的過去式和過去分詞(caught,caught)你可能就不知道吧?痛下決心,好好記一記吧。下面呢,我們就各個擊破。先講系動詞。
系動詞:大概是最簡單的動詞了。你只需注意的是系動詞除了be的形式之外,還有become,get,grow,turn,sound,look,smell,taste等,它們不能單獨作謂語,必須和作表語的詞語(如形容詞,名詞等)連用,所以用的時候,可要小心為是呀!如:Itsmellsdelicious.(它聞起來味道很美)。delicious是形容詞,不是副詞。
情態(tài)動詞:首先要記住情態(tài)動詞后必跟動詞原形。must和need幾乎是每年的必考題,這里我們重點講一下。
must的意思是"應(yīng)當,必須",側(cè)重于說話者的主觀看法,沒有時態(tài)變化,其否定式是mustnt,在"MustI(we)...."的疑問句中,須注意的是其否定回答常用neednt。如:MustIgo?(我一定要走嗎?) No,youneednt.(不,不必。)
need意為"需要"。既可作實義動詞,又可作情態(tài)動詞,因此在用法上需要注意。作實義動詞時,need后跟名詞,動名詞,或不定式。如:Ineedtogo.(我得走了。)作情態(tài)動詞時,后跟動詞原形。如:Youneedntcometomorrowifyouarebusy.(如果你忙,明天就不必來了。)
實意動詞:實意動詞可謂家族興旺,人員眾多。我們跑(run),我們跳(jump),我們笑(laugh),這些都得用實意動詞來表達。我們一起來看一看一些特殊的詞吧。它們在接動名詞和不定式時意義有所不同。
stop:這個詞讓好多同學大傷了一番腦筋,到底什么時候加todo,什么時候加
doing呢?兩者意義又有什么不同呢?OK,Comewithme.看下面兩個句子。
Whentheteachercamein,theystoppedtoread.
Whentheteachercamein,theystoppedtalking.
第一句的意思是"當老師進來時,他們停下來開始讀書"。而第二句的意思是"老師進來時,他們停止了說話"。所以stoptodosth表示"停止正在做的事情去干另一件事"。而stopdoing表示"中斷正在做的某事"?,F(xiàn)在明白了嗎?
forget,remember,regret這三個詞用法基本相同,只要記住+doing表示"事情已經(jīng)做過",+todo表示"事情還未做"就可以了。forgettodo忘記要去做某事。(未做) forgetdoing忘記做過某事。(已做)如:Thelightisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.燈還在亮著,他忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動作) Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。(已做過關(guān)燈的動作)
感官動詞:see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel等+do表示動作的完整性,真實性+doing表示動作的連續(xù)性,進行性。如:Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強調(diào)"我看見了"這個事實)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.(強調(diào)"我見他正干活"這個動作)昨天我見他正在花園里干活。
又到了我們趁熱打鐵的時間了,好學的你準備好了嗎?
練習:
1.WangLin_______somehelp.Canyouhelphim?
A.needs
B.want
C.needto
D.ask
2.Allofusenjoy_______footballverymuch.
A.play
B.playing
C.played
D.toplay
3.----Thelightintheclassroomisstillon.
----Oh,Iforgot___.
A.turningitoff
B.turnitoff
C.toturnitoff
D.havingturneditoff
4.Iregret___thewindow.
A.todo
B.tobedoing
C.tohavedone
D.havingbroken
5.Hisgrandparentssawher___upfromchildhood.
A.grow
B.grew
C.wasgrowing
D.togrow
6.---WhatsthisinEnglish?
---Sorry,Icant_____itinEnglish.
A.tell
B.say
C.speak
D.talk
7.---_____Ifinishmyhomworktoday?
---No,youneednt.
A.Can
B.May
C.Must
D.Need
8.InSpring,thedays______longerandlonger,thetrees_______green.
A.get,turn
B.gets,turns
C.got,turned
D.havegot,haveturned
9.Whenthetrafficlightsarered,you________stop.
A.can
B.must
C.wont
D.neednt
10.Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,I________tomydeskmate.
A.stoppedtotalk
B.stoppedtalking
C.stoptotalk
D.stoptalking
實戰(zhàn):
1.---Whosecalculatorisit?
---Its______.
A.shes
B.hers
C.her
D.she
2._______December23,MrandMrsHopkensflewtoLondonforatrip.
A.on
B.in
C.at
D.for
3.TheScienceMuseumislocated________thecentreofthetown.
A.with
B.near
C.beside
D.in
4.Doyouthinkmathsis________importantthanEnglish?
A.very
B.as
C.more
D.quite
5.Thecaptainhasa_______daughter.
A.five-years-old
B.fiveyearsold
C.fiveyearold
D.five-year-old
6.Twofishermensaw______intheskywhiletheywerefishingbyariver.
A.somethingstrange
B.anythingstrange
C.strangesomething
D.strangeanything
7.TheygotaChristmastreeanditwas______ours.
A.sotallas
B.sotalleras
C.astallas
D.astalleras
8.Whos______womanoverthere?
A./
B.the
C.a
D.an
9.A:_______havethescientistsbeenthere?B.Forabouttwoyears.
A.Howmanytimes
B.How
C.Whattime
D.Howlong
10._______thatpairofnew________expensive?
A.Is,shoe
B.Are,shoe
C.Is,shoes
D.Are,shoes
11.Dickjumpedintoalargehole________hesawthebear.
A.while
B.assoonas
C.until
D.if
12._______coldweatheritisattheSouthPole!
A.What
B.Whatan
C.How
D.Whata
13.Idontknow________lastnight.
A.whytheydidntgotothemovies
B.whentheydidntgotothemovies
C.whydidnttheygotothemovies
D.whendidnttheygotothemovies
14.Therearentmanyorangeshere,butyoucantake_______ifyouwantto.
A.few
B.afew
C.alittle
D.little
15.Tomfailedintheexam.Helooked________.
A.happy
B.sadly
C.upset
D.lovely
不定式和動詞象一對姐妹一樣親密,本不該拆開來講,可是篇幅有限,只能讓他們分開了。不定式的構(gòu)成非常簡單,告訴我是什么?對!是to+動詞原形。當然啦,to有時也可以不帶。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,可以擔當除謂語外的任何句子成分。那什么時候可以不帶to呢?Listentomecarefully.
不定式省to有四種情況:
使役動詞let,have,make等后接不定式。如:Lethimgo!讓他走!
wouldrather,hadbetter后。如:Youhadbetterstayathome.你最好呆在家里。
Why.../whynot...后。如:WhynothaveagoodrestonSunday?為什么星期天不好好休息一下呢?
感官動詞see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補,省to。如:Isawhimdance.我看見他跳舞。
注意:這些情況在被動句中可千萬不可省to喲!如:Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.變成被動句:Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.
不定式的特殊用法:
It與不定式:動詞不定式可以做主語,但如果動詞不定式太長,顯得頭重腳輕的,那么我們就可用形式主語it代替,而把真正主語(即不定式)放于句尾。
如:ItisnotdifficultformetostudyEnglishwell.(對我來說學好英語是可能的。)
不定式還可以充當句子的賓語,但有些動詞,如find,think,believe等,在語法上不能接受不定式作賓語,只有用it作形式賓語,從而把動詞不定式置于句尾。這樣的不定式可繼續(xù)充當其賓語的作用。
如:Ifounditdifficulttofallasleep.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。
還有一點:動詞不定式,還可用在how,when,where,what,which等疑問代詞或副詞之后,與其共同作賓語。如:Idontknowhowtouseacomputer.我不知道怎樣使用電腦。Remember?
too...to...和enough...to:too...to表達"太...一致于不能..."。
enough...to表達"足以..."。這兩個詞組的用法用兩個例子就可以說清楚了。
Theboxistooheavyformetolift.這個箱子太沉了,我提不動。
Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上學的年齡了。也就是說,他的年齡足夠上學了。記住這兩個句子就可以舉一反三,應(yīng)用自如。你記住了嗎?
好吧,再試一把趁熱打鐵!
練習:
1.Tellhim___thewindow.
A.toclosenot
B.nottoclose
C.tonotclose
D.notclose
2.Pauldoesnthavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.
A.learn
B.tolearn
C.learned
D.learning
3.Youdbetter_______thestoryinJapanese.
A.say
B.speak
C.tell
D.talk
4.Thepatientwaswarned___oilyfoodaftertheoperation.
A.toeatnot
B.eatingnot
C.nottoeat
D.noteating
5.----Iusuallygotherebytrain.
----Whynot___byboatforachange?
A.totrygoing
B.tryingtogo
C.totryandgo
D.trygoing
6.Therearesomebooksonthefloor,wouldyoulike________?
A.topickthemup
B.topickupthem
C.pickitup
D.pickupit
7.Sheisveryill,lets_______adoctoratonce.
A.towakeup
B.sendfor
C.topayfor
D.payfor
8.Iwant________ateacherwhenIgrowup.
A.tobe
B.to
C.be
D.being
9.Itscoldhere.Youdbetter______yourcoat.
A.nottakeout
B.nottotakedown
C.nottakeoff
D.nottotakeaway
10.Mymothertoldme________morewater.
A.drinking
B.drank
C.todrink
D.drink
實戰(zhàn):
1.Youdbetter_______readinthesun.
A.notto
B.not
C.dont
D.to
2.Youarentanewdriver,areyou?_______.
A.No,Iam
B.Yes,Imnot
C.No,youare
D.Yes,Iam
3.MustIstayherenow?_________.
A.No,youmustnt
B.No,youneednt
C.Yes,youcan
D.Yes,youmay
4.Thereis_______"s"intheword"bus".
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
5.Neithereofus______adoctor.
A.is
B.isnt
C.are
D.arent
6.Whowasthefirstinthegirls_________race?
A.400metre
B.400-metre
C.400metres
D.400-metres
7.Itstoonoisyhere,Icant_______.
A.gotosleep
B.falltosleep
C.sleeping
D.gettosleep
8.Thestoryhappened________theeveningofOctober20,1995.
A.at
B.on
C.in
D.to
9.CouldIspeaktoMrGao,please?________.Hehasgonetothehospital.
A.Ithinkso
B.Certainly,youcan
C.Imafraidnot
D.Imnotsure
10.Imsorrytotroubleyou,MissHu.________.
A.Fine,thankyou.
B.Allright.
C.Itsverykindofyou.
D.Itdoesntmatter.
11.Canyoutellmewhere________?
A.isthepostoffice
B.thepostofficeis
C.doesthepostoffice
D.thepostofficedoes
12.InEngland,thefirstnameis_______name,butinChina,thefirstnameis______name.
A.family,given
B.given,family
C.family,family
D.given,given
13.LiPingmetanoldfriendof_______onatrainyesterday.
A.he
B.him
C.his
D.her
14.Kateis________girl.
A.aeighteen-year-old
B.aeighteen-years-old
C.aneighteen-years-old
D.aneighteen-year-old
15.Ourcityisgetting________.
A.beautifulandbeautiful
B.beautifulerandbeautifuler
C.moreandmorebeautiful
D.morebeautiflerandmorebeautifuler
別看介詞是一種虛詞,它在句中的作用卻非常重要。它用來表明名詞與句中其他詞的關(guān)系,
不能單獨使用。常考點包括一些固定搭配和一些近義詞。固定搭配如:ononeswayhome,help...with,sendfor,beinterestedin...,belatefor,beangrywith,begoodat等。當然這需要你好好記憶了。
常用介詞解析及用法比較:
at,on和in:這三個介詞在試卷中的出現(xiàn)頻率極高。對于它們的的分辨只要記住一句話就可以了。at表示點,on表示線,in表示面。什么意思呢?也就是說它們表達的范圍逐漸增大。atsixoclock,atnoon,attheageofsixteen等用at表示時刻或時間的點以及年齡。on具體到一周中的各天,日期及某特定的一天早上,下午,晚上:onSaturday,onJuly1st,onmybirthday,onthemorningofJuly16th,onaspringafternoon。in表達的范圍更大一些。與世紀、年代、季節(jié)、月份以及早上、上午、晚上等連用。如:intheseventhcentury,in1950s,in2000,inthemorning等。
for,since:for表示多長時間。since后接時間起點,其終點往往為現(xiàn)在,常與完成時連用。牢牢記住喲。
after,in:這兩個介詞都可以表示時間"在以后"的意思。其區(qū)別是:after以過去為起點,表示過去一段時間之后,常用于過去時態(tài)的句子;in以現(xiàn)在為起點,表示將來一段時間以后,常用于將來時態(tài)的句子。
by,with,in:by表示"以...的方式,方法,手段"和"乘某種交通工具";with指"借助于具體的手段或工具";in表示"以......方式,用語言,文字等媒介"。
for和of:試比較:ItsimpossibleformetowatchTVafterelevenoclock.Itskindofyoutohelpme.
兩句中介詞的選擇依據(jù)其前形容詞而定,一般來說,of之前的形容詞往往是用于描寫人的品質(zhì)的好壞,人自身的特點,如聰明與否,細心與粗心等;for之前的形容詞用于描寫事物的特點,如可能性,必然性,難易程度等。
好,又到了趁熱打鐵的時間了,來檢測一下你的學習成效如何?
練習:
1.Canyoutellthestory______Russian?
A.with
B.in
C.on
D.by
2.Herearesomebirthdaycards______ourteachers,______ourbestwishes.
A.of,with
B.for,with
C.of,in
D.for,in
3.Thevisitors_______Japanarrived_____BeijingstationlastTuesdaymorning.
A.from,at
B.of,to
C.from,to
D.of,on
4.Hesbadlyhurt,wemustsend_____adoctoratonce.
A.to
B.up
C.on
D.for
5.Doyouusuallycometoschool______footor_____-bike?
A.by...by
B.on...on
C.on...by
D.by...on
6.--whenwasJimborn?
--______July,18,1978.
A.on
B.at
C.in
D.to
7.WeiFangboughtanewpenatashop_____herwayhome.
A.on
B.at
C.in
D.to
8.Donttellanybodyaboutit.Keepitasecret_______youandme.
A.among
B.between
C.in
D.with
9.Theteacherwillbeback______anhour.
A.in
B.after
C.of
D.at
10.--HowlonghaveyoubeeninBeijing?
--Ivebeenhere_____1989.
A.in
B.since
C.on
D.for
實戰(zhàn):
1.______maninbrownis_____friendofmyfatheres.
A.The..the
B.The...a
C.A...a
D.A...the
2.Hereisaletter______you.Its______youraunt.
A.to...for
B.for...to
C.from...to
D.for...from
3.Thetwinsare____interestedinChinesefood.
A.all
B.both
C.neither
D.each
4.Itis______hotinNanjinginsummer.
A.toomuch
B.muchtoo
C.muchmore
D.somuch
5.Thatstoodear.Haveyougot_______?
A.cheapersomething
B.everythingcheaper
C.cheaperanything
D.anythingcheaper
6.--CanIgoouttoplayfootballnow?
--No,you_______.Youmustdoyourhomeworkfirst.
A.wont
B.cant
C.neednt
D.dont
7.Theboydidntgotobed_______hewasaskedto.
A.while
B.since
C.until
D.assoonas
8.LessonTwois______thanLessonOne.
A.muchdifficult
B.muchmoredifficult
C.themostdifficult
D.littledifficult
9.Youdbetter_______hereanylonger.
A.dontstay
B.nottostay
C.tonotstay
D.notstay
10.It_______himhalfanhourtorideabiketogethere.
A.spent
B.used
C.took
D.paid
11.MrsReaddoesntknow______forherdaughter.
A.whatwillshebuy
B.whichwillshebuy
C.tobuywhat
D.whatshewillbuy
12.Thesechildernhaveneverseensnow,_______they?
A.do
B.dont
C.havent
D.have
13.Why_______shoppingatonce?
A.dontgo
B.notgoto
C.didintgo
D.notgo
14.TheGreatWall______allovertheworld.
A.isbeingknown
B.wasknown
C.hasknown
D.isknown
15.Myfriendhasworkedinthathospital_________.
A.sinceitopened
B.foritopened
C.sinceitopens
D.sinceitisopen
好了,現(xiàn)在我們在攻克詞類的最后一個堡壘——連詞。連詞更好對付了,我們只講幾個常考的詞組就可以了。
連詞??嫉降挠幸韵聨讉€詞組:
both...and:表示"兩者都...".注意:當both...and連接主語時,后面動詞一般要用復數(shù)。如:Both
LilyandLucyareright.
notonly...butalso:"不僅...而且..."。注意:后面動詞采用就近原則,與butalso后的詞保持一致。
如:Notonlymyparentsbutalsomybrotherlikesthecat.
either...or:"或者...或者..."。注意謂語動詞采用就近原則。如:EitheryouorIamwrong.
neither...nor:"既不...也不..."是"either...or"的否定形式。謂語動詞采用就近原則,與nor后的
詞保持一致。如:Neitheryounorheisright.
or的用法:意思為"否則"。如:Imustworkhard,orIllfailintheexam.(我必須好好學習,否則
我會考不及格了。)
Soeasy,notdifficultatall!OK!Letscometoour趁熱打鐵。
練習:
1._________John_______Iarepolicemen.
A.Neither...nor
B.Either...or
C.Both...and
D.Notonly...butalso
2.MrSmithteaches______well______hislessonsarenoteasilyforgotten.
A.very...that
B.quite...but
C.so...as
D.so...that
3.Hedidntgotosleep______hefinishedhishomework.
A.till
B.before
C.after
D.until
4.Ididntbuythedictionaryyesterday________myauntwouldgivemeone.
A.until
B.because
C.if
D.before
5.Therunnerfell_______hequicklygotupandwentonrunning.
A.or
B.and
C.but
D.down
6.Waitformeintheroom_______Icomeback.
A.until
B.and
C.so
D.or
7.Illreturnthebookstothelibrary______soonaspossible.
A.as
B.so
C.just
D.but
8.Goalongtheroad,_______youllfindthemarketattheendofit.
A.when
B.and
C.or
D.though
9.Youllbelate______youdontgetupearlytomorrowmorning.
A.if
B.when
C.before
D.until
10.Itwaslate.Shewashedherface______wenttobed.
A.or
B.and
C.so
D.but
實踐:
1.MrLinoftencomestotheparktodomorningexercieseatthistimeof______day.
A.the
B.a
C.不填
D.an
2.Thisis_______business,notmine.
A.MrYangandMrZhangs
B.MrYangandMrZhang
C.MrYangsandMrZhang
D.MrYangsandMrZhangs
3.Ihavegot______newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?
A.averygood
B.any
C.apieceof
D.twopieces
4.She_______athickcoattoday,thoughitisntverycold.
A.iswearing
B.puton
C.dressed
D.isdressing
5.Thatwomanisverytired,soshe________.
A.stoppedtowork
B.stoppedhavingagoodrest
C.stoppedtohavearest
D.stoppedtoworking
6.--Hello,whoareyou________?
--Mymother.
A.waiting
B.waitingfor
C.finding
D.looking
7.MyunclewenttoMoscowtodosomebusinessthreemonths______?
A.before
B.later
C.ago
D.after
8.Edisonwasclevererthan_______studentsinhisclass,buthisteacherdidintknowthis.
A.allthe
B.other
C.another
D.theothers
9.IdontknowwhereJackisnow.________-inthecinema.
A.Maybehe
B.Maybehe
C.Hemightbe
D.Hemaybe
10.Itwas______dark_____wecouldntseeanythingclearly.
A.very,that
B.too,to
C.so,as
D.so,that
11.Therearetwodictionariesonhisdesk,but______ofthemisusefultome.
A.all
B.neither
C.both
D.either
12._______Isawhimdrivingacaracrossthestreet.
A.Rightnow
B.Justamoment
C.Rightaway
D.Justnow
13.Shewillbebackbyairfromshanghai________.
A.inaweek
B.afteraweek
C.aweeklater
D.untilaweek
14.Youmaypayattentiontoyourwriting______nobodycanunderstandwhatyouwanttowrite.
A.but
B.and
C.or
D.that
15.Thetestis______easierand_____interestingthanthatone.
A.more,much
B.much,more
C.more,more
D.much,much
提起時態(tài),當然是指動詞的時態(tài)啦。過去、現(xiàn)在和未來等不同時間段發(fā)生的事情要用不同的時態(tài)來表示。時態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在的時間和方式。閉上眼睛想一想,初中我們學過的時態(tài)有幾個?初中我們共學過八種時態(tài)。本講將這幾個時態(tài)總體介紹一下:
一般現(xiàn)在時:常與always,often,sometimes,everyday連用,表示習慣或經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。提醒你當?shù)谌朔Q單數(shù)做主語時,別忘了動詞的變化。注意:象"地球大,月亮小"等客觀真理、事實一定用一般現(xiàn)在時。
現(xiàn)在進行時:要注意其構(gòu)成:由be+動詞+ing,表示說話時正在進行的動作。如:Werestudyingnow.我們現(xiàn)在正在學習。
一般過去時:表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與yesterday,lastyear,in1949,twoyearsago,等表示過去時間的狀語連用。注意:Weoftenwenttodancelastsummer.有的同學一見到often就想到用一般現(xiàn)在時,其實因為后面有表示過去時間的lastsummer,所以要用過去式,千萬別誤用了,切記,切記。
過去進行時:顯然過去進行時表示過去某一時刻正在做什么,常和特定的時間狀語如atthattime,atsixyesterday,atthatmoment,whenhecamein等連用。如:Whenheknockedatthedoor,hismotherwascooking.
一般將來時:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來時間狀語如nextyear,tomorrow等連用。注意:在Willyou....?問句中,回答必須是Yes,Iwill.或No,Iwont而不能用Yes,Ishall.No,Ishant.來回答過去將來時:過去將來時不可以單獨使用,它一般在賓語從句中作間接引語,表示從過去某一時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如:TheytoldmethattheywouldgotoworkinGuangdong.
現(xiàn)在完成時:顧名思義,現(xiàn)在完成時表示的是已經(jīng)完成的動作,但動作造成的影響還在,常被just,already,yet等副詞修飾。如:HehasalreadygonetoTianjin.對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是他已經(jīng)不在這兒了。現(xiàn)在完成時還可用來表示過去發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,常帶有for或since等表示一段時間的狀語。如:MrWanghaslivedheresince1983.表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作,我們常用"過"來表示,常帶有twice,once,ever,never等時間狀語。如:Iveneverseenthatfilm.
過去完成時:我們可以用"過去的過去"來概括過去完成時,表示過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作,通常與by,before等構(gòu)成的短語或when,before,after引導的從句連用。也可表示過去某一時間開始,一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作,常和for或since構(gòu)成的時間狀語連用。用法和現(xiàn)在完成時大致相同,只不過又向前推了一個時態(tài)。
八個時態(tài)可能得讓你好好對付一陣子,但細細學來,也并不困難。不信嗎?試試趁熱打鐵你就知道了。
練習:
1.Thezoo_______inthenorthofthecity.
A.lies
B.builds
C.seems
D.lying
2.--Tom______out.
--Oh,ishe?Whattime_______he______out?
A.is,did,go
B.went,is,going
C.hasgone,did,go
D.isgoing,does,go
3.--Itmustbeonchannel2.Trythat.
--I______that.ButIstillcantgetanything.
A.havetried
B.tried
C.try
D.willdo
4.Theyusually________TVintheevening.
A.watch
B.willwatch
C.arewatching
D.watches
5.Hehas_______forabouttwelveyears.
A.boughtthehouse
B.lefthere
C.livedhere
D.gonehere
6.Thetwooldman________eachothersince1970.
A.didntseen
B.dontsee
C.haventsee
D.wontsee
7.LucyandLilycanspeakgoodChinese,becausethey______Chinaforsixyears.
A.havebeenin
B.havebeento
C.havecometo
D.havegoneto
8.--Ourcountry______alotsofar.
--Yes,Ihopeitwillbeeven________.
A.haschanged,well
B.changed,good
C.haschanged,better
D.changed,better
9.--IsawAnn_______agreendressatthemeeting.
--Ithinkshelooksbetter_______red.
A.dressed,in
B.puton,wear
C.wearing,in
D.wear,puton
10.--Ididntcometoschoolbecausemymotherwasillyesterday.
--Iamsorry______that.
A.hearing
B.hear
C.hears
D.tohear
實踐:
1.Therewillbe______interestingfilmtomorrowevening.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D.some
2.--Whatsthatoverthere?
--Its______bag.
A.I
B.me
C.my
D.mine
3.ThestudentsofClassOne______ontheplayground.
A.amplaying
B.isplaying
C.areplaying
D.wasplaying
4.Youdbetter_______latenexttime!
A.notbe
B.nottobe
C.wontbe
D.dontbe
5.Healwaysgetsupearly,_______he?
A.is
B.isnthe
C.does
D.doesnt
6.______tallthebuildingis!
A.Howa
B.How
C.What
D.Whata
7.LessonSevenis________oneinthisbook.
A.important
B.moreimportant
C.mostimportant
D.themostimportant
8.Iwillcallyouassoonasshe________back.
A.comes
B.come
C.came
D.willcome
9.Heputonhiscoat______wentout.
A.and
B.but
C.or
D.so
10.--______Igettherebeforesixoclock?
--No,youneednt.
A.Can
B.May
C.Must
D.Shall
11.Theirbabywasborn______April2,1997.
A.in
B.on
C.at
D.by
12.Herfatherisbusy_______thetruck.
A.mend
B.mends
C.mended
D.mending
13.We________thefloorwhensheleft.
A.sweep
B.swept
C.weresweeping
D.aresweeping
14.Hewants________someapplesandoranges.
A.tobuy
B.buys
C.bought
D.buy
15.Doyouunderstand______?
A.whatdidhesay
B.hesaidwhat
C.whatdoeshesay
D.whathesaid
時態(tài)的運用比較復雜,好多同學因為做題時不知應(yīng)用哪種時態(tài)而撓頭皮。其實你只要把易混的時態(tài)掌握好,對你來說時態(tài)就沒有什么難點可言了。而你易混的時態(tài)無非是一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時,一般過去時和過去完成時的比較罷了。這有何難?看看下面的分析,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)一切"aseasyasABC"。
一般過去式和現(xiàn)在完成時:
一般過去式只是表示事情發(fā)生在過去,陳述一個事實,它可以和確定的表示過去的時間狀語如:lastnight,in1999,threedaysago等連用。而現(xiàn)在完成時表示某一完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況,所以它不能和確定的表示過去的時間狀語連用。
如:Wehaveseenthatfilm.我們已看過那部電影。對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是我們對影片已有所了解。Wesawthefilmlastnight.昨天晚上我們看了那部電影。只說明昨天晚上看電影這一事實。
注意:有些時間狀語,如thismorning,tonight,thismonth等,既可用于一般過去時,又可用于現(xiàn)在完成時,但所表達的意義有所不同。用于現(xiàn)在完成時表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi),而用于一般過去式則與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。如:IhavereadthisbookthisApril.(說話時仍然為四月。)IreadthisbookthisApril.(說話時四月份已過。)
一般過去式和過去完成時的比較:
一般過去式表示過去時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),而過去完成時在過去某一時間或動作之前已完成的動作或狀態(tài),即"過去的過去"。當強調(diào)過去某一動作發(fā)生在某一動作之前時,常用此時態(tài)。
如:Hehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforenineoclock. 九點之前他已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。實際上,一般現(xiàn)在時和過去完成時常搭配使用。如:Whenhegothome,hisdaughterhadalreadygonetobed.當他到家的時候,他的女兒早已去睡覺了。
在帶有after和before引導的時間狀語從句的復合句中,由于從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確,所以可以用一般過去時代替過去完成時?!∪纾篐ecalledonmesoonafterhehadfinishedhishomework.他做完作業(yè)后不久便來拜訪我。也可以說:Hecalledonmesoonafterhefinishedhishomework.
哇塞,我們終于學完了所有時態(tài),摩拳擦掌,試試趁熱打鐵!
練習:
1.ZhaoLan____already___inthisschoolfortwoyears.
A.was...studying
B.will...study
C.has...studied
D.arestudying
2.Theyusually_____TVintheevening.
A.watch
B.willwatch
C.arewatching
D.watches
3.Judy_____theGreatWalltwice,andnowshestill______togothere.
A.wentto,wanted
B.goesto,wants
C.hasgone,wants
D.hasbeento,wants
4.Shewillfindhimakindmanwhenshe_______moreabouthim.
A.knows
B.know
C.willknow
D.isgoingtoknow
5.--WhatareyougoingtogiveourteacherforTeachersDay?
--Imnotsure.MaybeI_____himsomeflowers.
A.havegiven
B.willgive
C.gave
D.give
6.--Tom______out.
--Oh,ishe?Whattime_____he_____out?
A.is,did,go
B.went,is,going
C.hasgone,did,go
D.isgoing,does,go
7.Itsnineoclocknow,they______anEnglishclass.
A.have
B.arehaving
C.having
D.willhave
8.--"WhereisLiLei?"
--"He_______hissportsshoesintheroom.He______footballwithhisfriends."
A.isputtingon,isplaying
B.putson,willplay
C.isputtingon,willplay
D.puton,played
9.MissSmithwithherparents______Chinasince_________.
A.havebeenin,twoyearsago
B.hasgoneto,twoyears
C.havebeento,twoyears
D.hasbeenin,twoyearsago
10.WhenIknockedatthedoor,mymother_______.
A.iscooking
B.cooked
C.wascooking
D.cooks