小學(xué)教學(xué)教案

ScienceversusNature教學(xué)設(shè)計。

Reading(1)
Teachingobjectives:
1.Toreinforcestudents’comprehensionofthetextandimprovetheirotherskillsbyparticipatinginalltheactivities.
2.Tohelpstudentsknowthewidespreaddiscussionaboutcloningandholdtheirownattitudestowardsit.
3.Toenablestudentstomasterthereadingstrategyandbecomemorecompetentinreadingarticlesrelatedtoscience.
Teachingfocusanddifficulties:
1.Studentscanworkoutthemeaningofdifficultorunfamiliarscientifictermswithreadingstrategy.
2.Studentscanholdtheirownopinionsonthebaseofreadingthearticle.
Teachingaids:
Themultimedia
Briefteachingprocedures:
Step1Lead-in
Checkthehomework.Encouragestudentstosharetheirsourcesrelevanttocloningtechnologywiththewholeclass.Tellstudentsthatcloninghasbeenthesubjectofscientificexperimentsforyears.Therecentsuccessincloninganimalshasresultedinfiercedebatesbetweenscientists,politiciansandpublic.
Step2Readingstrategy
Getstudentstogothroughthereadingstrategy,andmakesurethateveryoneofthemunderstandshowtoworkoutthemeaningofthesescientificterms.
Step1Beginbyreadingthefirstandlastparagraphsforanideaofwhatthearticleisabout.
Step2Circleanywordsyoudonotnow.Questionthingsyoudonotunderstandorthatdonotappeartomakesense.
Step3Readthroughthearticleafewtimes,andmakesenseofthescientifictermsuponfurtherreadings.
Step3Firstreading—Mainidea
Askstudentstorefertothereadingpassageandfindoutthemainidea.
(Thereadingpassageismadeupofanewspaperarticleaboutcloningandtworeaders’letters.Wewillbegiveninformationabouthowcloningisbeingresearchedandthedifferentattitudestowardsit.)
Step4Secondreading—Understandingscientificterms
Askstudentstocircletheunfamiliarwordsorthingstheydonotunderstandwhilesecondreading.(Forexample:embryo,tissuesandorgans,interferewithnature,etc)
Step5Thirdreading—Detailedinformation
Askstudentstoreadonlythearticlecarefully,andfinishthefollowingexercises:
1.Whatarethedifferentattitudestowardsthesuccessofcloningahumanembryo?
Ontheonehand(valuabletissuesandorganscanbeproducedandbeusedtosavehumanlives)
Ontheotherhand(humanbeingsmaybeonthewaytoproducingareal-lifemonster)
Somepeopleconsiderthat(cloninghumanembryoswiththeintentiontodestroythemshowsnorespectforhumanlife.)
2.Whoarethepersonsinthearticlerelatedtocloning?
personsintroductionsrelationstocloning
IanWilumtaScottishscientistwhocreatedDolly,thefirstmammaltobeclonedsuccessfullyfromanadultcellHewasshockedwhenhearingsomescientistswereconsideringcloninghumanbeings.Heneverintendstocreatecopiesofhumans.Instead,hethinkstheeffortsofscientistsshouldbedirectedtowardscreatingnewcellsandorgansthatcouldbeusedtocurediseaseslikecancer.
FayeWilsonawomanof41yearsoldwhocannothaveababy.Sheisdesperatetohaveababyofherown,achildthatisgeneticallyrelatedtoher.
SeverinoAntinorianItaliandoctor,whoisoneoftheleadersinthecloningresearchHehasdeclaredthathewantstobethefirsttocloneahumanbeing.
ChinesescientistswhohavefocusedtheireffortsoncloninganimalsandstemcellstobeusedinmedicalresearchChinahassucceededinproducingclonesofcowsandgoats,andcontinuestoresearchthewaysinwhichcloningcanbenefitmankind.
Askstudentstoreadthetwoletterscarefully,andjudgewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse:
PaulineCarterthinks:
1.thenaturewillpaybackifweinterferewithnature.(T)
2.weshouldclonefewerbabiestoreduceEarth’spopulation.(F)
3.theladywhocannothaveababycanadoptanorphan,butnothaveaclonedbaby.(T)
ColineJakethinks:
1.thenewsthatthefirsthumanembryohasbeclonedsuccessfullyisveryterrible.(F)
2.scientistshavesucceededinchallengingquestionsofmorality.(F)
3.humancloningisagoodwaytosaveherdaughterwhohasdied.(F)
Step6Furtherdiscussion
Understandingthescientifictermsandreinforcingthecomprehensionofthetext,studentsaregottoformgroupsoffourorsixtodiscussthefurtherquestions:
1.Findthereasonswhypeoplearepro-oranti-cloninginthearticleandlettersandwritetheminthetablebelow
Pro-cloningAnti-cloning
1.producevaluabletissuesandorgansthatcouldbeusedtosavehumanlives1.mayproduceareal-lifeFrankenshtein’smonster
2.curediseaselikecancer2.createmorediseaseintheanimalworld
3.helpthosewhoareunabletohavechildren3.cloningshowsnorespectforhumanlife
4.helpthosewhowanttoclonetheirdeadchildren4.humanlifewouldnolongerbeunique
5.weshouldbehavingfewerbabiesinordertoreduceEarth’spopulation,notcloningmore
2.Doyouthinkitwouldbeeasyfortheclonedbabytoaccepthis/hersocialidentityasa‘cloned’humanbeing?
3.Whatwouldthepersonthathadtheoriginalcellfeelabouttheclonedbaby?
4.ThinkabouttherelationshipbetweenthetitleoftheunitScienceversusnatureandcloningtechnology.
Step7Homework
Thinkaboutthedifficultscientifictermsunderlinedbeforeuponthetextlearning

Reading(2)—LanguagePoints
1.Arecentannouncementbyscientiststhattheyhavesuccessfullyclonedthefirsthumanembryo…
announcement(n.)宣告，通知，聲明
(短語)make/issueanannouncement發(fā)表聲明
announce（vt.）宣告，通知，聲明
(短語)announcesth.tosb.(不能用announcesb.sth.)
(比較)announce/declare
announce指對公眾或特定的一群關(guān)心的人進(jìn)行宣布；declare指官方的正式宣告
Everyonewassilentasheannouncedthewinnerofthecompetition.
Thispowerfulcountrydeclaredwaronthatsmallcountry.
2.Ontheonehand,somescientistspointoutthatifyoucloneanembryo,youcan…
①on(the)onehand…ontheotherhand…一方面…另一方面…（單獨使用ontheotherhand時，hand不能省略，但與ontheonehand連用時，可省略）
Ononehand,rapiddevelopmentoftheeconomywillimprovethelivingconditionsofthepeople.Ontheotherhand,itwillspeedupenvironmentaldestruction.
(短語)athand在手邊，在附近byhand親手，手工
inhand手頭現(xiàn)有的，正在進(jìn)行，在處理中
handinhand手拉手
Handsoff!請勿動手！不許干涉Handsup!舉起手來！
②pointout指出Hepointedoutmymistake.他指出我的錯誤。
pointto/pointat指著，指向某人或某物（兩個詞組可互換使用）Hepointedat/toapicture.
pointat對準(zhǔn)，瞄準(zhǔn)(某人用槍對準(zhǔn)某人某物等)
Theypointedatherheadbutshewasnotafraid.
pointto表明，指向(主語為證據(jù)、時針以及賓語為某一方向時)
Theevidencepointstohimasthecriminal.
Thehandsoftheclockpointedtohalfpastthree.
Thecompassneedlepointstothenorth.
3.…theymaybeontheirwaytoproducingareal-lifeFrankensrein’smonster.
onone’s(the)waytodoingsth.“正在做某事的過程中”.to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞短語
(練習(xí))I’vejustheardawarning______theradiothatastormmaybe______itsway.
a.on,onb.over,inc.on,aboved.from,on
(短語)onone’s(the)wayto在去…的途中bytheway順便問問，順便說說
bywayof途經(jīng)inaway在某種意義上，在某種程度上
inone’s(the)way擋路inthisway用這種方式
4.However,ingeneralthescientistswerepraisedfortheirwonderfulscientificbreakthrough.
①ingeneral一般說來，從總體上看，大體上
Ingeneral,redisthemostpopularcolourthisseason.
(短語)inageneralway一般，通常asageneralrule在一般情況下
②praise(vi.vt.n.)表揚，贊揚，表彰
(短語)winhighpraise受到高度贊揚inpraiseof贊揚（某人）
beyondallpraises贊美不盡的，贊不絕口的
beloudinsb.’spraise對某人極力稱贊
praisesb.forsth.因某事而贊美/稱贊某人
（練習(xí)）Hegaveaspeechinpraiseofschoollife.
他做了一個贊美學(xué)校生活的演講。
Heishighlypraisedforhisresearchongenes.
他的基因研究受到了高度贊揚。
5.However,somepeopleconsiderthatcloninghumanembryoswiththeintentionofdestroyingthemshowsnorespectforhumanlife.
withtheintentionof為了，以…為目的或意圖
HehasdecidedtogoabroadtostudywiththeintentionofimprovinghisEnglishandfindingabetterjobwhenhereturns.
intention(n.)目的，打算，意圖
（詞組）withoutintention無意地makeone’sintensionclear說清楚自己的目的
state/announceone’sintention聲明自己的意圖
(練習(xí))Ibeganreadingwiththe___b___offinishingthebook,butIneverdid.
a.interviewb.intentionc.applicationd.consideration
6.Idon’twanttoadoptsomeoneelse’schildandIdon’twanttouseanotherwoman’segg—Iwantachildthatisgenericallyrelatedtome.
①adopt(vt.)收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)；采用，采納（議案、意見等）
Canyouadoptmynewidea?
Theyadoptedaneighbour’sboy.
(詞組)adoptmeasures/newmethods/anidea采取措施/采用新辦法/采納意見
adoptaresolution通過一項議案
anadoptedson養(yǎng)子adoptedwords外來詞
(比較)adopt/adapt
adopt收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)；采用，采納（議案、意見等）；adapt使適合，使適應(yīng)adapt…to…；改編adapt…for…
Shehadtoadaptherselftolocalconditions.她必須使自己適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐那闆r。
ThisEnglishnovelwasadaptedforthestage.這部小說被改編成了劇本。
(練習(xí))Thecoupledecidedto_____aboybecausetheyhadthreegirls.
a.adaptb.adoptc.receiveb.keep
②berelatedto與…有關(guān)聯(lián)；與…有聯(lián)系
Canyourelatewhathappenedinyourchildhoodtoyourpresentstateofmind?
relate(v)和…相關(guān)，把…與…關(guān)聯(lián)起來
relation(n.)關(guān)系，聯(lián)系，家屬，親屬
relative(adj.)有關(guān)系的，相對的；(n.)親戚，親屬
7.Whilecloninghumanembryosisillegalinmanycountries,somescientistsarealreadypushingaheadwithresearchsoastodeliveraclonedhumanbaby.
①while(conj.)當(dāng)…的時候，和…同時（while引導(dǎo)的從句要表示一段時間）
JohncameinwhileIwastypingaletter.當(dāng)我正在用打字機打一封信時，約翰進(jìn)來了。
(conj.)然而，雖然，盡管
Whilehewashatedbyothers,Ilikedhim.他雖受人恨，但我卻喜歡他。
(練習(xí))______Englishcanbedifficulttolearn,itisaveryusefultoolforcommunication.
a.Becauseb.Asc.Onced.While
②pushaheadwith推進(jìn)，推行，毅然繼續(xù)做某事
Itishardtopushaheadwithsuchanunpopularpolicy.
這樣一個不得人心的政策很難推行下去的。
(詞組)pushahead/forward/onwithsth.毅然繼續(xù)做某事
pushsth.forward提出某事，迫使他人考慮或注意某事
pushsb./sth.over使某人/某物倒下；推倒某人/某物
③deliver在這里“接生，使分娩”之意
Herbabywasdeliveredbyanexperienceddoctor.
該詞還有“投遞，傳送，釋放，表達(dá)，解救”等意思
(詞組)deliversb.fromdanger救某人脫險
deliversth.tosb.把某物交付給某人
deliveramessage/aletter傳話/送信
deliveraspeech發(fā)表演說
bedeliveredof生下孩子
8.Chinahassucceededinproducingclonesofcowsandgoats,andcontinuestoresearchwaysinwhichcloningcanbenefitmankind.
①succeedindoingsth.成功地做某事（反義詞組）failtodosth.
Afterpracticingmore,hesucceededinpassingthedrivingtest.
success(n.)successful(adj.)successfully(adv.)
②benefit(n.)利益，好處；(pl.)救濟金
(詞組)beofbenefitto對…有裨益forthebenefitof…為了…的利益
ItissaidYogaisofgreatbenefittohumanhealth.
(vt.vi.)有益于
benefitsb./sth.有益于某人/某物benefitfrom/by從…中獲益
Suchfoolishbehaviorwillnotbenefityou.
Weallbenefitedfromhersuccess.
9.Wecouldproduceamonster,orevenasuperhumanracethatcouldonedayendupreplacingus.
endup以…而告終，后接現(xiàn)在分詞；endupwith/in/as后接名詞
Atfirstherefusedtoacceptanyresponsibilitybutheendedupapologizing.
Thepartyendedupwithasong.
Ifyoucontinuetosteal,youwillendupinprison.
10.Humanlifewouldnolongerbeunique;itwouldjustbeaproductforsale.
forsale待售，出售的
Thelandisnowforsaleatthatpricetoanyone.
現(xiàn)將那塊地按該價出售，任何人都可購買。
onsale（英）出售，（美）廉價出售
Tomatosoupthatisusuallysoldattwelvecentsabowlisnowonsalefortencents.
11.Iwouldliketocommentonyourarticle‘Theperfectcopy’.
comment(n.vi.)評論，評注
(詞組)make(acomment)commentsonsb./sth.同commenton/upon/aboutsb./sth.評論某人（某事）
Hemadeseveralcommentsonthebook.
Wewouldliketheaudiencetocommentonournewplay.
12.Afterall,scientistshavebeenchallengingquestionsofmoralityforcenturies.
afterall畢竟，終究，別忘了
Weallthoughthathewouldfail,buthesucceededafterall.
我們都認(rèn)為他要失敗，可他還是成功了。
(短語)aboveall首要，特別是firstofall首先，首要的是
inall總共，總計not…atall一點兒也不
allthesame仍然，還是notatall一點也不，不用客氣
allthebest萬事如意allthetime一直
13.Whenreadingarticlesrelatedtoscience,weoftencomeacrossdifficultorunfamiliarwords.
comeacross(偶爾)碰到，遇見，發(fā)現(xiàn);同義詞組runacross,runinto,meetwith
(短語)comeabout發(fā)生cometo達(dá)到，總計
comeon加油，快點comeover過來
comeup走上前，走過來
comeout出來，（花）開放，出版，（消息）傳出
(練習(xí))Jimwasveryhappyyesterdaybecausehe__b__thebookthathewanted.
a.cametob.cameacrossc.cameaboutd.cameout

相關(guān)知識

Unit3Scienceversusnature教學(xué)設(shè)計（表格式）

課題

Unit3Scienceversusnature

課時

9-1

Welcome

主備人

Swan

授課時間

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

Enablethestudentstoknowsomethingaboutcloning,andgivetheirownopinionsaboutcloning.

Helpthestudentslearnhowtodescribetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofhumancloningwiththetargetlanguage.

教學(xué)重、難點

Talkaboutcloningandhumancloning.

Howtodescribetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofhumancloning.

教、學(xué)具

Aprojector.

預(yù)習(xí)要求教師活動內(nèi)容、方式

學(xué)生活動內(nèi)容、方式

旁注

StepILead-in

Walkintotheclassroomwithasadface.

T:Goodmorning,class.

Ss:Goodmorning,MissWang.

T：What’sclone?

S1:Cloningisoneofthemostpopulartechnologiesinthe20thcentury.

T：Whatothertechnologiesdowehaveinrecentyears?

S:Maybethemostinfluentialtechnologyiscomputerscience,whichhascontributedalottooursocietyinmanyfields.Now,formostofus,wecan’tlivewithoutcomputers.

T:Youareright.Justnowyoumentionedcloning.Nowlet’sseesomepictures.

Showthepicturesonthetextbookonthescreen.

StepIIWelcometotheunit

T:Herearesixpictures.Theyareallclones.MaybeallofyouarefamiliarwithDolly,aren’tyou?

Ss:Yeah.

T:WhereandwhenwasDollyborn?Isshestillalive?WhocangiveussomeinformationaboutDolly?

S:DollythesheepwasbornonFebruary24,1997inEdinburghScotland.Shewasclonedfromacellofanothersheep.DollydiedinFebruary,2003,afterdevelopingaprogressivelungdisease.

StepIIIDiscussion

DealwiththequestionsinactivityF.

Severalminuteslater,asksomepairstodemonstratetheirconversations.

Wecan’tattempttochangesomethinginthenature,orwe’llbepunished!Soweshouldtryourbesttobuildasocietyinharmonywithnatureinsteadofagainstnature.

StepIVHomework

PreviewthetextonP42.

SearchtheInternetforinformationaboutcloning

課題

Unit3Scienceversusnature

課時

9-2

Reading

主備人

Swan

授課時間

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

Enablethestudentstolearndifferentopinionsoncloning.

Helpthestudentstolearnhowtounderstandscientifictermsandanalyzethepassageaccordingtothereadingstrategy.

教學(xué)重、難點

Howtounderstandthewriter’spointofview.

Howtounderstandthescientificterms.

教、學(xué)具

Ataperecorder,aprojectorandacomputer.

預(yù)習(xí)要求

workbook

教師活動內(nèi)容、方式

學(xué)生活動內(nèi)容、方式

旁注

StepIRevision

Checkthehomework:AsksomestudentstosharetheirinformationaboutcloningfoundontheInternet.

StepIILead-in

T:Good.Ithinkyoureallydidalotofworkafterclass.Thankyouverymuch.TodayIwouldliketointroduceafamousguytoyoufirst.Lookatthescreenplease.

ShowapictureofFrankensteinmonsteronthescreen.

StepIIIPre-reading

Inthisprocedure,studentswilldofastreadingandanswerthequestionsinactivityA.

After2minutes,askstudentstoreporttheiranswers.

Suggestedanswer:

1.Thearticlegivesboththeanti-andpro-cloningpointofview.

2.ItsnamewasDolly.

3.Obviouslysheisanti-cloning.

StepIVSkimming

Inthisprocedure,encouragethestudentstodeveloptheirpredictiveskillbyreadingthebeginningandtheendingtoguessasmuchastheycanaboutthepassageandunderstandthemeaningofthetextasawhole.

StepVScanning

Whilescanning,theteachershouldplaythetapeforthestudents.Thestudentschecktheirpredictionsandbuildanoutlineofthetextintheirminds.

After3minutes,checktheanswers.Askseveralstudentstotellthemainideaofeachparagraph.

Thenshowthefollowing.

Paragraph

Mainidea

Para1

Anannouncementabouthumanembryocloningwhichhascausedmuchdebate

Para2

ExplaincloningasawonderfulscientificbreakthroughandgivetheexampleofDolly

Para3

Dolly’screator’sopinionabouthumancloning

Para4

Asaleswomansupportscloningverymuchforherpersonalpurpose.

Para5

Somescientistsarepushingaheadwiththeresearchtoclonehuman.

Para6

TheachievementsofChinaoncloning.

3minuteslater,checktheanswer.

T:NowlookatactivityC2,findthereasonswhypeoplearepro-oranti-cloninginthearticleandletters.

Suggestedanswers:

Pro-cloning

Anti-cloning

1.Producevaluabletissuesandorgansthatcouldbeusedtosavehumanlives.

1.Mayproduceareal-lifeFrankenstein’smonster.

2.Createnewtissuesandorgansthatcouldbeusedtocurediseaseslikecancer.

2.Couldcreatemorediseasesintheanimalworld.

3.It’sawonderfulscientificbreakthrough

3.It’simmoralandshowsnorespectforhumanlife.

4.Thosewhocannothavebabycanhaveaclonedbaby.

4.Couldonedayendupreplacinghumanbeings.

5.ThehumanraceisusingupEarth’sresources.

T:NowI’msureyouhavegotanideaofthetermsyoudon’tunderstandatfirst,haven’tyou?Nowlet’sdoactivityD.

StepVIIIHomework

Afterclass,please

1.reviewthetext

2.retellthereasonsforpro-andanti-cloninginyourownwords

3.finishactivityB1onPage107

課題

Unit3Scienceversusnature

課時

9-3

Vocabulary

主備人

Swan

授課時間

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

Helpthestudentslearnhowtoguessthemeaningsofwordsbylookingattheirprefixesandsuffixes.

Enablethestudentstounderstandthemeaningsofsomeprefixesandsuffixesandlearntheorgansofhumanbody.

教學(xué)重、難點

Learnwordformationwithprefixesandsuffixes.

Howtousetheseprefixesandsuffixes.

教、學(xué)具

Aslideandacomputer.

預(yù)習(xí)要求教師活動內(nèi)容、方式

學(xué)生活動內(nèi)容、方式

旁注

StepIRevision

ChecktheanswerstoactivityB1onPage107.

Fromtheexercise,weknowthatawordoraphrasecanhaveseveraldifferentmeanings,andtherearemanywordsliketheminEnglishlanguage,sowehavetolearntousetheEnglish-EnglishdictionarytostudyEnglish.Weshouldlearntoparaphrasesomewordsandsentences,namely,weshoulduseEnglishtoexplainEnglish.

Askseveralstudentstoretellthereasons.

StepIILead-in

T:Wetalkedaboutcloningyesterdayandyouallexpressedyouropinionsaboutit.Weknowcloningtechnologyisoneofthescientificachievements.Nowpayattentiontothetwowords.Whocantellmehowthetwowordsareformed?

Write“scientificachievement”ontheBb.

S1:“Scientific”istheadjectiveformof“science”.

S2:“Achievement”isthenounformof“achieve”.

StepIIIPrefixesandsuffixes

T:Now.I’llshowyousomeprefixesandsuffixes.Lookatthescreenplease.

Intheperiod,studentsshouldtrytheirbesttograspthemeaningsofprefixesandsuffixesshowedonthescreenaccordingtotheteacher’sexplanation.

Prefix

Example

Meaning

anti-

anti-cloning

against,opposeto

dis-

disappear

not,oppositeof

in-

incorrect

not,without

il-

illegal

im-

immoral

ir-

irresponsible

pre-

preview

early,before

pro-

pro-cloning

infavorofsupporting

re-

recreate

against

un-

unfair

not,oppositeof

co-

co-operation

together,dotogether

de-

decrease

reduce

mis-

misunderstand

badwrongnot

trans-

transport

acrossbeyondintoanotherplace

tele-

telephone

overalongdistance

fore-

foretell

beforeinadvanceof

ex-

ex-wife

former

sub-

subway

under

over-

overwork

toomuch

under-

underground

below

inter-

international

between

Suffix

Example

Meaning

-able

comfortable

worthyof,abletodo

-ful

cheerful

fullof,characterizedby

-ist

scientist

someonewhodoessomething

-less

hopeless

without

-ment

agreement

indicateastateorcondition

-ness

dryness

indicateaqualitystateorcharacter

-ee

employee

personaffectedby

-er

teacher

personorthingthatdoes

-ation

transportation

actionorconditionof

-ish

foolish

Swedish

languageorpeopleofthenationalityof

-ive

active

explosive

connective

havingthequalitiesorqualityof

-ous

dangerous

poisonous

glorious

havingthequalitiesorcharacterof

-ship

ownership

leadership

professorship

status,office,profession

-ward

homeward

towards

inthedirectionof

StepVHomework

T:Ifyouareinterested,youcanfindoutthenamesofothermajorpartsofthebodyfromyourbiologyteacherandthenchecktheirnamesinyourdictionary.Homeworkfortoday:FinishactivitiesA1andB2inyourWorkbook.

課題

Unit3Scienceversusnature

課時

9-4

Grammar

主備人

Swan

授課時間

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

Helpstudentslearnhowtorewritesentencesusingverb-eds.

Learntheusagesofverb-edform.

教學(xué)重、難點

Learnthedifferencesbetweenverb-edandverb-ingusedasadjectives.

教、學(xué)具

Aprojectorandsomeslides.

預(yù)習(xí)要求

workbook

教師活動內(nèi)容、方式

學(xué)生活動內(nèi)容、方式

旁注

StepIGrammar

Inthisprocedure,givesomeexplanationabouttheusagesoftheverb-edformandaskstudentstoanalyzesomesentencestoconsolidate.

1.Averb-edformisusedasattributeinfrontofanounorbehindanoun,whichcanbereplacedbyanattributiveclause.

e.g.IfIhadachance,Iwouldhaveaclonedbaby.

IfIhadachance,Iwouldhaveababywhoiscloned.

2.Averb-edformisusedaspredictivetoexpressthestateofthesubject.

e.g.Iwaspleasedatthenews.

Thedoorremainedlocked.

3.Averb-edformisusedasobjectcomplement.

過去分詞可以在see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,get,have,feel,want等動詞后與名詞（代詞）構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。

e.g.Shefoundthedoorlocked.

He’sgoingtohavehishaircut.

4.Averb-edphraseisusedasadverbialmodifiertoexpress:

shewrotealettertothenewspaper.

c.條件

e.g.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.

Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.

d.讓步

e.g.Beatenbytheoppositeteam,theplayerswerenotdiscouraged.

Thoughtheplayerswerebeatenbytheoppositeteam,theywerenotdiscouraged.

e.伴隨

e.g.Sheturnedaway,disappointed.(過去分詞可以單獨充當(dāng)狀語)

Showthefollowingonthescreen.

1.Weuseverb-ingtoexpresstheactivevoicewhileweuseverb-edtoexpresspassivevoice.

e.g.theexploitingclasses剝削階級

theexploitedclasses被剝削階級

amovingfilm一部感人的電影

movedaudience受感動的觀眾

StepIIIHomework

FinishC1,C2,D1andD2inWorkbook.

課題

Unit3Scienceversusnature

課時

9-5

ListeningandSpeaking

主備人

Swan

授課時間

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

Enablethestudentschangeorcorrectinformationbylistening.

Helpthestudentstolearnhowtochangeorcorrectatextbylistening.

教學(xué)重、難點

Listentocorrectthetextandconfirminformation.

教、學(xué)具

Ataperecorder,aprojectorandacomputer.

預(yù)習(xí)要求

workbook

教師活動內(nèi)容、方式

學(xué)生活動內(nèi)容、方式

旁注

StepIRevision

Letthestudentsfinishthefollowingexercisestoreviewthegrammar.

用verb-ed或verb-ing形式重新組成句子：

1.Ateacheristalkingintheclassroom.Sheisourteacherofchemistry.

2.Hereisabook.ItwasboughtbySusan.

3.Wecouldseethechildren.Theywereplayingontheplayground.

Suggestedanswers:

1.Theteachertalkingintheclassroomisourteacherofchemistry.

2.HereisabookboughtbySusan.

3.Wecouldseethechildrenplayingontheplayground.

4.Mikeenteredhisclassroom,coveredwithsnow.

StepIILead-in

Presentafunnystorytothestudentstoleadinthetopicofthisperiod.

T:Nowlet’slistenandtrytocorrectthenotes.

Playthetapethesecondtime.Askstudentstogivetheiranswersandcheckthemwiththewholeclass.

StepIVListening(Workbook)

Studentscanhavetheirlisteningabilityimprovedinthisprocedureandconsolidatethestrategieslearnedabove.

LetstudentsreadtheinstructionofA.

T:Nowlet’shelpLiuBincorrectthenotesaboutTech-Help.Firstreadthe9statementsquicklytofindthelisteningpoints.

Playthetape.Studentslistenandcirclethecorrectwordineachpair.

Thenplaythetapeagainandchecktheanswers.

StepVIHomework

SearchtheInternetformoreinformationaboutGMfood(suchasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages).

課題

Unit3Scienceversusnature

課時

9-6

Speaking(II)

主備人

Swan

授課時間

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

EnablethestudentstoimprovetheirspeakingabilitybytalkingaboutGMfood.

Helpthestudentslearnhowtoaskforpeople’sopinionsandintroducetheirownopinions.

教學(xué)重、難點

Discussion,groupwork,andpairwork.

教、學(xué)具

Aprojectorandsomeslides.

預(yù)習(xí)要求教師活動內(nèi)容、方式

學(xué)生活動內(nèi)容、方式

旁注

StepIGreetingandrevision

T:Goodmorning,everyone!

Ss:Goodmorning,MissWang!

T:YouwereaskedtosurftheInternetformoreinformationaboutGMfood,whowouldliketosaysomething?

S:GMhasthepowertosavelivesthroughitsuseofmedicine.

StepIILead-in

Asweallliveinthehumansociety,wehavetocommunicatewitheachothertoliveabetterlife.Therefore,ontheonehand,weneedtoaskforotherpeople’sopinions,ontheotherhand,wehavetointroduceourownopinions.Solearninghowtoaskforpeople’sopinionsandhowtointroduceyourownideasareespeciallyimportant.Todaywe’lllearnsomeusefulexpressionstoaboutthis.Nowlookatthescreen.

StepIIISpeaking

Therearethreestepsinthisprocedure,includingfillinganinterviewform,pairwork,andgroupwork.Thefirststepisusedtoarousethestudents’interestinGMfood.Thesecondisusedforstudentstopracticeaskingforpeople’sopinions.Andthethirdoneisusedtopracticeintroducingnewideasintodiscussion.

Asample:

Ipreferfree-rangefoodtoGMfoodbecauseitisnatural.However,GMtechnologyisagreatbreakthroughinthefieldofscience,anditshouldbepraised.Inspiteofsomequalityproblems,scientistsaretryingeverymeanstomakeitperfect.Inthefuture,GMfoodmaybeverypopularbecauseit’sdelicious,cheapandingoodquality.Anyway,thebuyersshouldhavefreedomofchoice.GMfoodshouldbelabeled.PerhapspeoplewillacceptGMfoodseveralyearslaterwhentheycantakegreatadvantageofGMfood.

T:Yourpresentationiswonderful.

StepIVHomework

PreviewSkillsbuilding3.

課題

Unit3Scienceversusnature

課時

9-7

Writing

主備人

Swan

授課時間

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

Helpthestudentslearnhowtowriteaformalletter.

EnablethestudentstowriteaformalletterandformtheirownopinionaboutGMfood.

教學(xué)重、難點

Howtowriteaformalletterusingtheskills.

教、學(xué)具

Aprojectorandsomeslides.

預(yù)習(xí)要求

workbook

教師活動內(nèi)容、方式

學(xué)生活動內(nèi)容、方式

旁注

StepILead-in

T:Doyouknowhowtowritealetter?

S:Atthebeginning,weshouldwritedown‘Dearandthereceiver’sfamilyname’.

T:Whataboutaformalletter?Canyouwriteaformalletter?Todaywearegoingtolearnsomethingaboutit.

StepIIWriting

Inthisprocedure,studentsaregiventhreetasks.Thefirstoneistolearnthestructureofaformalletter,thesecondoneistodosomeexercisestoconsolidate,andthethirdoneistowriteaformalletterbythemselvesabouttheGMfood.

Let’sdosomeexercises.Checktheanswers.ASampleletter:

HePingStreet

Beijing

21stMarch,2003

JimGreen

(2)8RichardStreet

LondonUK

DearJim,

IamverygladtohearthatyouarecomingtoBeijing.

Beforeyouarrive,IwanttotellyoualittleaboutBeijing.Asyouknow,itusedtobethecapitaloftheMingandQingdynasty;itisaverybigcitywithalonghistory.YouwillfinditconvenienttogoaroundBeijing,fortherearebuseseverywhere;thereareundergroundtrainsaswell.

Beijinghasgotlotsofparks,museumsandplacesofinterest.

Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyousoon.

Yourssincerely,

LiXia

LiXia

StepIIIHomework

Reviewhowtowriteaformalletter.

課題

Unit3Scienceversusnature

課時

9-8

Integratingskills(I)

主備人

Swan

授課時間

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

Helpthestudentslearnhowtoprepareforandhaveadebate.

Enablethestudentstohaveadebatewiththeoutlineprovided.

教學(xué)重、難點

Getthestudentstolearnhowtoseekinformationneededfromapassageandhowtoorganizeandpresentadebate.

Howtogetthestudentslearntohaveadebate.

教、學(xué)具

Aprojectorandamulti-medium.

預(yù)習(xí)要求教師活動內(nèi)容、方式

學(xué)生活動內(nèi)容方式

旁注

StepIGreetingandrevision

T:Goodmorning,boysandgirls.

Ss:Goodmorning,MissWang.

T:Whocantellmehowtowriteaformalletter?

S:Towriteaformalletter,sixpointsshouldbeincluded,theyarethewriter’saddress,thedate,thereceiver’sname,jobtitleandaddress,formalgreeting,formalendingandthewriter’snameandsignature.

StepIILead-in

T:We’velearnedhowtowriteaformalletterinEnglish,anditisreallyagoodwaytoimproveourEnglish.However,thereisanotherwaytomakeyourEnglishimprovedefficiently.Doyouwanttoknowit?

T:Pleasewatchthevideofirst.

LetthestudentswatchashortdebateinEnglish.

T:Whataretheydoing?

S:Theyarehavingadebate.

T:Howmanygroupsareincluded?Whoelseisalsothere?

S:Therearetwogroups;oneisforthetopic,whiletheotherisagainstthetopic.Andthereisalsoahost.

T:Verygood.Todaywe’lllearntohaveadebateinEnglish.

StepIIIReading

Duringthisprocedure,studentsareaskedtoskimthepassagetoformtheiropinionstolaythefoundationofadebateandlearnsomeusefulexpressions.

T:Lookatthesepictures,whatcanlearnfromthem?

S:Wewillbepublishedbynatureifwecontinuedoinglikethis.Onlybyprotectingnaturecanwefinallywin.Thatistosay,wecanenjoyourselvesanddevelopourworldifweconcernmoreaboutournature.

T:Nowlet’sreadapassageaboutmanandnatureandfindoutthemainpoints,andthenfillintheform

Manversusnature

Whathumanshavedone

Theeffectsonnature

Conclusion

Suggestedanswers:

Manversusnature

Whathumanshavedone

Theeffectsonnature

Conclusion

Developagriculture,fishing,huntingandtourism

Earth’sresourcesareoverdeveloped.

Noteverythingthatisbestfornatureisgoodforpeople.

Constructnewwaterchannelsandcreatepollution

Earthisfurtherdamaged.

Peopleenjoyhealthyandproductivelives,withouttheenvironmentaroundthemsuffering.

Humansareusingupnaturalresourcesatafastrate.

Earthwillbedestroyedifhumanscontinuedoinginthisway.

Humancanonlyreallywinbyprotectingnature.

Thousandsofacresofrainforestaredestroyed.

Thechoicestheymakearebadfortheenvironment.

Manydevelopednationsarenowconcernedaboutsavingnature.

StepIVHomework

PreviewtheIntegratingskills(II).

課題

Unit3Scienceversusnature

課時

9-9

Integratingskills(II)

主備人

Swan

授課時間

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

Helpthestudentslearnhowtoskimthepassageforanswersandhowtowriteapersuasiveargument.

Enablethestudentstoreadaboutnanotechology,stemsellresearchandapassageaboutorgantransplanttowriteapersuasiveargument.

教學(xué)重、難點

Howtowriteapersuasiveargument.

Understandthenanotechnologyandstemcellresearchandwriteapersuasiveargument.

教、學(xué)具

Aprojectorandataperecorder.

預(yù)習(xí)要求

workbook

教師活動內(nèi)容、方式

學(xué)生活動內(nèi)容、方式

旁注

StepIGreetingandrevision

T:Goodmorning,boysandgirls.

Ss:Goodmorning,MissWang.

T:Inthisunit,wehavetalkedabouttwonewtechnologies,cloningandGMfood.Todaywearegoingtotalkaboutanothertwonewtechnologies,nanotechnologyandstemcellresearch.Wheneachnewtechnologyismentioned,twosidesmustbeincluded,namelyadvantagesanddisadvantages.SoI’msuretheadvantagesanddisadvantageswillbementionedinthetwopassagesaboutnanotechnologyandstemcellresearch.

StepIIReading

T:Nowlet’sreadthefirstpassageandanswerthefollowingquestions,whileIwillplaythetapeforyoutolisten,eightminutesaregiven.

Aftereightminutes,checktheanswers.

Onenanotubecouldbeputtogetherwithothernanotubestomakeamaterial100timesstrongerandfourtimeslighterthansteel.Wecouldusethismaterialtobuildbettercarsandairplanes.

T:Youdidaverygoodjob.Nowlet’slistenandreadaboutthesecondpassageaboutstemcellresearchandanswerthefollowingquestionsaswell.Eightminutesaregiven.

SuggestedanswerstoReadingB:

Stemcellsaredifferentfromotherkindsofcellsbecausetheyhavetheabilitytochangeintomanydifferentkindsofcelltypessuchasmusclecells,bonecellsorbraincells.

T:Nowwe’lllearnhowtowriteapersuasiveargument

StepIIIWriting

After3to5minutes,askseveralstudentstoexpresstheirideas.

Scienceversusnature“WordPower”

Scienceversusnature(BriefTeachingPlan)Grammarandusage

Unit3Scienceversusnature(BriefTeachingPlan)Grammarandusage
Teachingobjects:
1.Learntheusageofverb-edformandverb-edphrases
2.Learnthedifferenceandusageofverb-ingandverb-edasadjectives
Teachingprocedures:
StepIIntroduction
Verb-edformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoranadverbinasentenceservingas(充當(dāng))attribute(定語),predicative(表語)andobjectcomplement(賓語補足語)

Whentheverb-edformisusedasanattribute,itcanbechangedintoanattributiveclause.Theverb-edformcanalsobeusedasanadverbmodifying(修飾)someverbssuchasstand,sit,lie…etc.toshowthetwoactionshappeningatthesametime.
Pleaseidentifythepartsofspeech(詞性)oftheverb-edformindifferentsentences
1)Thehandwrittennotesarefromjack.
2)Thekidnapperswereusingastolencar.
3)Adark-hairedmanwentintotheroom.
4)Thecakewasleftuntouchedonthetable.
5)Thegirllaytrappedunderthewreckage(船舶殘骸).
StepIItheusageofverb-edform
Thefunctionsofverb-edform
1.attribute(定語)
1)Asingleverb-edcanappearbeforeanounmodifyingthenounlikeanadjective.Itcanbechangedintoanattributiveclause.
Weshoulddrinkboiledwater.=Weshoulddrinkwaterwhichhasbeenboiled
Theytooktheinjuredwomantothenearbyhospitalatonce.
=Theytookthewomanwhowasinjuredtothenearbyhospitalatonce.
2)Generallyspeaking(一般說來),theverb-edformoftransitiveverbs(及物動詞)expressespassivemeaningswhiletheverb-edformofintransitiveverbs(不及物動詞)expressesactiveandpastmeanings.Someverb-edsbeforenounscanexpresspastmeanings,suchasescaped,retiredandfallen.
theescapedcriminal　逃犯past
thedevelopedcountries　發(fā)達(dá)國家past
awidelyusedlanguagepassive
theretiredscientistpast
thehighlypraisedscientistpassive
fallenleaves落葉past
therisensun　升起的太陽past
theexploitedclasses被剝削階級passive
3)Averb-edphrasecanappearafteranountomodifythenounlikeanattributiveclausedoes.
Thenamementionedintheletterwasunknowntome.
=Thenamewhichwasmentionedintheletterwasunknowntome.
Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire.
=Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeoplewhoweretrappedinthefire.
Scientificexperimentscarriedoutbystudentswithouttheteacher’sinstructionscanbedangerous.
=Scientificexperimentswhicharecarriedoutby……
4)Averb-edcanbepartofacompound(復(fù)合詞)withanadverboranounbeforeit.
aso-calledprofessor一個所謂的教授
homemadepizza自制的比薩餅
awell-acceptedidea廣泛接受的想法
ahighly-respectedprofessor極受尊重的教授
awell-paidjob報酬頗豐的工作
underdevelopedregions不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)
handmadefurniture手工制作的家具

5)Averb-edcanalsobeusedasanon-restrictiveattribute(非限定性定語)whichisseparatedfromthenounitmodifiesbyacomma(逗號).
Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.
=Thebooks,whichwerewrittenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.
Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.
=Themeeting,whichwasattendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.
2.predicative(表語)Itcanbeputaftersomelink-verbs(系動詞)suchas:be,seem,appear,look,sound,feel,remain,stay,become…
1)Edisonbecameinterestedinsciencewhenhewasveryyoung.
2)Thelittleboywasveryexcitedwhenheheardthathecouldgototheparty.
3.Objectcomplement(賓語補足語)Itcanbeusedaftersomeverbssuchas:see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep…
1)AsheknowslittleEnglish,hefindsitdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood.
2)Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.
3)Shefoundthedoorlocked.
4.Averb-edcanbeusedafterverbslikestand,sitandlietoshowthatthetwoactionsarehappeningatthesametime.
Thegirllayinbedlostinthought.=Thegirllayinbedandwaslostinthought.
Theboysatatthetableburiedinhishomework.
=Theboysatatthetableandwasburiedinhishomework.
KeyforExerciseA:(1)disappointed(2)puzzled(3)excited(4)thrilled(5)interested(6)bored
KeyforExerciseB:
2.Theproblemscreatedbycloningwillsoonbeclear.
3.Wedon’twantbeastsproducedbyscientiststoreplaceusoneday.
4.Thetechnologyusedisamazing.
5.Theonlythingneededisjustacellfromyouroldpet.
StepIIITheusageofverb-edphrases
Averb-edphraseisactuallyaverb-edfollowedbyanobjector/andadverbial.Theverb-edphrasescanbeusedastheadverbial　(狀語)toexpressthetime,thereasonandcondition
1.Averb-edphrasecanbeaverb-edonitsown.Itcanalsobefollowedbyanobjectand/oradverbial.
1)Shelefttherestaurant,disappointed.
2)Shelefttherestaurant,disappointedwiththebadservice.
3)Heated,waterchangesintosteam.
4)Thegirlwassenttothehospital,seriouslyinjured.
5)Thegirlwassenttothehospital,seriouslyinjuredinthecaraccident.

2.Passiveverb-edphrasescanexpresstime,reasonandcondition.Wecanuseadverbialclauses(狀語從句)torewritethephrases.
1)time
Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.
=Whentheparkisseenfromthehill,itlooksverybeautiful.
Whencompleted,themuseumwillbeopentothepublic.
=Whenitiscompleted,themuseumwillbeopentothepublic.
Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.=Onceitisseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.
2)reason
Frightenedbythethunderandlightninginthenight,thegirldidnotdaresleepaloneinherownroom.
=Becauseshewasfrightenedbythethunderandlightninginthenight,thegirldidnotdaresleepaloneinherownroom.
Lostinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.
=Becausehewaslostinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.
3)condition
Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.
=Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.
Unlessinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.
=Unlessyouareinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.
Comparedwithotherprofessors,shewasanexcellentspeaker.
=Ifshewascomparedwithotherprofessors…
3.Understoodsubject(邏輯主語)
1)Theunderstoodsubjectisusuallythesameasthesubjectofthemainclause.(refertotheabovesentences)
2)Whenverb-edisusedasadverbial(狀語)orpredicative(表語),itsunderstoodsubjectisthesubjectofthemainsentence.
Shebecamediscouragedatthenews.
3)動詞－ed形式作定語時,它的邏輯主語是被它修飾的名詞，它和名詞之間是被動關(guān)系。
ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.
4)verb－ed形式在句中作賓語補足語或主語補足語時，它的邏輯主語是句子的主語或賓語,它們之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。
Viviengotherfingerstrappedinthebicyclechain.
(trapped的邏輯主語是句子的賓語fingers)
Thevaluablevasewasfoundstolen.(stolen的邏輯主語是句子的主語vase)
Wegothomeonlytofindthewholehouseturnedupsidedown.Thievesobviouslyhadbrokenin.(turnedupsidedown的邏輯主語是句子的賓語house)

KeyforExerciseA
2.Encouragedbyherteachers,Suziedidwellatschool.
3.Inspiredbyhisgrandfather,thechildwrotemorepoems.
4.Boredbythegame,thedogwillnotplayanymore.
StepIVVerb-ingandverb-edusedasadjectives
Readtheinstructionsonthebookandfinishthefollowingexercisestochoosethecorrectwordsfromthebrackets.
Peoplehavealwaysbeen_________(interested/interesting)infindingoutaboutworldrecords.
HughBeaverwenttointerviewthetwobrothersandfoundtheirknowledge______(amazed/amazing)
Afterbeingtoldseveraltimes,MrSmithstillfelt________(puzzled/puzzling)anddidnotknowwhattodo.
Thefilm‘PearlHarbor’isreally_______(excited/exciting).
Hisresponsetothequestionwasquite__________(disappointed/disappointing).
KeyforExerciseB
(1)tired(2)burnt(3)bored(4)disappointing(5)pleased(6)challenging
(7)relaxed
StepVHomework
FinishPartsC1andC2onpage108inWorkbook.

高二英語Scienceversusnature教案

高二英語Scienceversusnature教案
Verb-edform
一、V-ed分詞具有形容詞和副詞性質(zhì)，在句中可充當(dāng)定語、表語、賓語補語、狀語。
1．作定語
過去分詞作定語，表示已經(jīng)完成的被動的動作或狀態(tài),但不及物動詞構(gòu)成的過去分詞只表示完成，而不表示被動意義。
例如：完成+被動：apollutedriveralockedroomawell-educatedman
只有完成：aretiredworkerafallenleafboiledwater
作定語的V-ed分詞也有前置和后置兩種情況。單個過去分詞作定語，常常位于被修飾的名詞前；而過去分詞短語作定語時，常常位于被修飾的名詞后面，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。
Eg.1).Youshouldimproveyourspoken(speak)English.
2).What’sthelanguagespoken(speak)inthatarea?
=.What’sthelanguagewhich/thatisspoken(speak)inthatarea?
3).Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire.
=Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeoplewhowastrappedinthefire.
4).Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.
=Themeeting,whichwasattendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.
2．作表語
作表語的V-ed分詞大多轉(zhuǎn)化成為形容詞，通常用于聯(lián)系動詞之后（例如be,seem,appear,look,sound,feel,remain,stay,become,get等），表示主語所處的狀態(tài)
1).Edisonbecameinterested(interest)insciencewhenhewasveryyoung.
2).Shelooksveryexcited(excite)atthenews.
3).WhenIwascleaningthewindow,myfingergotcut(cut)unexpectedly.
3．作賓語補足語
如果賓語與后面作賓補的動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，則使用V-ed分詞作賓補?？梢詭-ed分詞作賓補的詞有：with,see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel,sense,find,leave,keep,get,have,make.
1).Ihadmymoneystolen(steal)onthebus.
2).AsheknowslittleEnglish,hefindsitdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood(understand).
3).Inthemorning,peoplewokeupandfoundtheworldoutsidetheirhousescompletelychanged(change).
4．作狀語
作狀語的V-ed分詞與主句之間常有逗號隔開,在句中可表示時間,原因,條件,讓步,伴隨等情況,并可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀語從句。作狀語的V-ed和主句的主語常有被動關(guān)系。
1)時間狀語
Seenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.
=Whentheearthisseenfromspace,itlooksblue.

Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.
=Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.
2)原因狀語
Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.
=Ashewasbornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.
Becausetheyweremovedbythestory,theydecidedtohelpher.
=Movedbythestory,theydecidedtohelpher.
3)條件狀語
Givenmoretime,wearesuretofinishit.
=Ifwearegivenmoretime,wearesuretofinishit.
Comparedwithotherprofessors,sheisanexcellentspeaker.
=.
4)讓步狀語
Laughedatbyeverybody,hehadmysympathy.
=Thoughhewaslaughedatbyeverybody,hehadmysympathy.
Eventhoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,hestillisaheroinmyheart.
=Defeatedbyhisopponent,hestillisaheroinmyheart.
5)伴隨狀語
Theboysatatthetableburiedinhishomework.
=Theboysatatthetableandhewasburiedinhishomework.
Thegirllayinbedlostinthought.
=Thegirllayinbedandshewaslostinthought.
Iwillspendthenightlocked(lock)inyourroom.
Shelefttherestaurant,disappointed(disappoint)withthebadservice.
二、轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的V-ed
有一些過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,失去被動意義,僅表狀態(tài)。如:hidden,dressed,lost,seated,determined,absorbed,injured,based,surprised,satisfied,bored,tired…
e.gWhatmadeyousofrightened?
Thedog,boredwiththegame,willnotplayanymore.
=Thedog,whichisboredwiththegame,willnotplayanymore.
Muchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.
=Ashewasmuchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.
Seatedinthecar,thePresidentwavedtothecrowd.
=Whilehewasseatedinthecar,thePresidentwavedtothecrowd.
三、連詞+V-ed
過去分詞有時和連詞(when,while,whenever,until,if,unless,once,though,
although，eventhough/if)一起用，相當(dāng)于狀語從句的緊縮式。
（注意：before/after后不直接跟V-ed分詞，而用before/after＋beingdone,因為此時分詞前的before/after是介詞。）
Ifaccepted(accept)forthispost,youwillbeinformedbyMay1st.
Unlesschanged(change),thislawwillmakelifedifficultforfarmers.
Iwillnotgiveupmyplaneveniftold(tell)to.
Thesemachinesmustbecheckedbeforebeingused(use).

四、tobedone,beingdone,done,havingbeendone作定語的區(qū)別：
以上四種形式都表示被動，都可作定語。tobedone表示即將被…;beingdone表示正在被…;done表示被做過了…;havingbeendone作非限制性定語，和被修飾詞用逗號隔開,強調(diào)在謂語動詞的動作之前完成。
Thequestiontobediscussed(discuss)tomorrowinvolvespollution.
Thequestiondiscussed(discuss)yesterdayinvolvespollution.
Thequestionbeingdiscussed(discuss)nowinvolvespollution.
Thequestion,havingbeendiscussed(discuss)foryears,involvespollution.
五、done,havingbeendone作狀語的區(qū)別：
beingdone一般在句中不作狀語,而用done代替之。havingbeendone強調(diào)動作在謂語動作之前完成,或已經(jīng)持續(xù)一段時間的動作,常用作時間和原因狀語,done則不強調(diào)時間先后和持續(xù)一段時間。
Led(lead)bythelocalguide,wewentfurtherintotheforest.
Havingbeentaken(take)goodcareofforhalfayear,thepatientbecamefarbetter.
Havingbeentranslated(translate)intomanylanguages,thenoveliswell-knownthroughouttheworld.

練習(xí)：
1.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_______thenextyear.
A．carryoutB．carryingoutC．carriedoutD．tocarryout
2.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_________frommyfriends.
A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed
3.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen______atthemeetingbymyboss.
A.questioningB.havequestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned
4.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit____oftenenough.
A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained
5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.
A．beginsB．havingbegun　?C．beginningD．begun
6._____inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythepolice.
A.HavingbeenlostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing
7.______inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.
A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed
8.Isatbeforethedeskuntilaftermid-night,_____inwriting.
A.beingabsorbedB.absorbedC.tobeabsorbedD.absorbing
9.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents________.
A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry
10.______withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall
A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared
11.When______differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.
A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared
12.______intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.
A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingbeenputD.Beingput
13._________bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.
A．AttractingB．AttractedC．TobeattractedD．Havingattracted
14.Whenfirst______tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess
A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced
15.____andhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.
A.SurprisingB.SurprisedC.BeingsurprisedD.Tobesurprising
16.Isthisthewatchyouwish_____?
A.tohaverepairedB.torepairitC.tohaveitrepairedD.willberepaired
17._____manytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.
A.HavingbeentoldB.Thoughhehadbeentold
C.HewastoldD.Havingtold
18.______behindthedoor,Iwasn’tfoundbythefellow.
A.HiddenB.TohideC.HideD.Havinghidden
19.Helenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundofthemusic.
A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhear
C.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard
20.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain___astheplanewasmakingalanding.
A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating
21.You’dbetterhaveyoursportsjacket_____.It’stoodirty.
A.towashB.washedC.washingD.wash
22.Mostoftheguests_____totheChristmaspartywerecollegestudentsfromforeigncountries.
A.beinginvitedB.invitingC.invitedD.tobeinvited
23.Thecar_______inGermanyinthe1960slooksoldnow.
A.producedB.producingC.toproduceD.whichproduced
24.Iwillgototheparty________.
A.ifinvitedB.ifhavinginvitedC.ifIwasinvitedD.ifIwillbeinvited
25.Thestudents,____atthewaythequestionwasput,didn’tknowhowtoanswerit.
A.beingsurprisedB.surprisedC.surprisingD.havingsurprised
26._____theirstudy,manyChinesestudentsoverseasreturntoChina.
A.HavingbeencompletedB.CompletedC.HavingcompletedD.Completing
27.SwanLakeisafamousballetinfouracts,_____onaGermanfairytale.
A.basingB.basedC.tobaseD.bases
28.______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanycountryintheworld.
A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated
29._____suchheavypollution,theriverisunlikelytobecleanedupinsuchashorttime.
A.SufferB.HavingsufferedC.BeingsufferedD.Tosuffer
Keys:1-5CACDD6-10AABAD11-15CABBB16-20ACADC21-25BCAAB
26-29CBCB