小學(xué)語文微課教案

Unit5animals-grammar學(xué)案。

Unit5animals-grammar學(xué)案
一》快捷識(shí)記
動(dòng)詞不定式進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作與句中謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行?！heyseemtobeworkinghard.　
他們好像在努力工作。
AtthemomentoveronemillionpeoplearesaidtobelearningEnglish.
Theyarereportedtobelearning.
HeissaidtobestudyinginNewYork.
ThenumberofpeopleusingChineseontheinternetissaidtobeincreasingatthemoment.
MillionsofpeoplesaidtobelearningEnglishfrompopmusicnow.
ThenumberofEnglishlearnersissaidtobeincreasingthroughouttheworldeveryday.
ApproximatelytwobillionpeoplesaidtobespeakingEnglishasaforeignlanguage.
動(dòng)詞不定式完成時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作在句中謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。
Wearesorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.對(duì)不起，我們讓你久等了。　
Theyseemstohaveknowntheanswers.
他們好像知道了答案。
二．隨堂練習(xí)
1.Theteachertoldthem________makesomuchnoise.
A.don’tB.notC.willnotD.notto
2.Ourmasteroftentoldus_______thingsforgranted.
A.nottohaveB.nottotake
C.didn’ttakeD.nottomake
3.Tellhim_______thewindow.
A.toshutnotB.nottoshut
C.tonotshut　D.notshut
4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.
A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto
5.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter________afterdrinking.
A.nevertodriveB.toneverdrive
C.neverdrivingD.neverdrive
6.Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.
A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating
7.Theworkerswantus________togetherwiththem.
A.workB.workingC.toworkD.worked
8.Theywouldnotallowhim________acrosstheenemyline.
A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogo
C.forrisktogoD.riskgoing
9.Isawhim_______outoftheroom.
A.goB.hadgoneC.hasgoneD.goes
10.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_______upfromchildhood.
A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow
11.I’veheardhim_______aboutyouoften.
A.spokeB.speaksC.speak
12.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_______,todayhewasmade______byhislittlesister.
A.cry；tocryB.crying；crying
C.cry；cryD.tocry；cry
13.Hewasmade_________.
A.goB.goneC.goingD.togo
14.Johnwasmade_______thetruckforaweekasapunishment.
A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing
15.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.
A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning
16.There’resomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymind_______tobuy.
A.whatB.whichC.howD.where
17.Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_________.
A.wheretochooseB.whichtochoose
C.tochoosewhatD.tochoosewhich
18.“Haveyoudecidedwhen________?”
“Yes,tomorrowmorning.”
A.toleave　B.tobeleaving
C.willyouleaveD.areyouleaving
19.LastsummerItookacourseon________.
A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemade
C.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade
20.Hedoesn’tknow______tostayornot.
A.whetherB.ifC.eitherD.ifhewill
21.Shepretended_______mewhenIpassedby.
A.nottoseeB.notseeing
C.tonotseeD.havingnotseen
22.---Thelightintheofficeisstillon.
---Oh,Iforgot_______.
A.turningitoffB.turnitoff
C.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff
23.Weagreed_________herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.
A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet
24.LittleJimshouldlove_______tothetheatrethisevening.
A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking
25.Iwouldlove______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone
26.Frankisthekindofpersonwhopeopleliketo________.
A.makefriendwithB.makefriendsof
C.makefriends　D.makefriendswith
27.Goon________theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.
A.todoB.doingC.withD.tobedoing
28.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrockbythesideofthepath.
A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest
29.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident________losehisjob.
A.sonotastoB.soasnotto
C.soastonotD.notsoasto
30.Ineedadayortwo________.
A.tothinkitoverB.tothinkoverC.ofthinking
31.Hewastooexcited_________.
A.speakB.tospeakC.nottospeakD.speaking
32.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered________thefirstcomputer.
A.toinvent　B.inventing
C.tohaveinvented　D.havinginvented
33.Hesaidhewouldrathernot_______itrightnow.
A.doingB.todoC.doD.tobedoing
34.Ratherthan_______onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_______abicycle.
A.ride；ride　B.riding；ride
C.ride；torideD.toride；riding
35.It’sfreezingoutside.You_______putonyourovercoat.
A.hadbettertoB.hadbetter
C.wouldbetter　D.wouldbetterto
36.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_______.
A.sitB.sitonC.besitD.besaton
37.I’mhungry.Getmesomething_________.
A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.foreating
38.---Iusuallygotherebytrain.
---Whynot_______byboatforachange?
A.totrygoingB.tryingtogo
C.totryandgoD.trygoing
39.Shedidnothing_______atthephoto.
A.exceptlookB.buttolook
C.excepttolookD.butlooking
40.Iaskedhimto_______meafewminutessothatwecouldgooveralltheproblems.
A.spendB.spareC.saveD.share
41.Theywon’tlettheirteacher_______inthatway.
A.tobetreatedB.beingtreated
C.treated　D.betreated
42.John,youmustgetyourroom________afterbreakfast.
A.tobecleanedB.toclean
C.cleaning　D.cleaned
43.Theproblem_______attomorrow’smeetingisaverydifficultone.
A.beingdiscussedB.discussed
C.tobediscussedD.todiscuss
44.Hereachedthestation_____only_____thatthetrainhadjustleft.
A.tired；learnedB.tiring；learning
C.totire；tolearnD.tired；tolearn
45.---Didthatbookgivetheinformationyouneeded?
---Yes,but______,wehadtoreaditalmostentirely.
A.forfindingitB.tofindit
C.findingitD.byfindingit
46.I’msorryIforgot______yourdictionary.Let’sborrowonefromLiMing.
A.totakeB.takingC.tobringD.bringing
47.Shecouldn’tdecidewhichrestaurant_______.
A.tohavelunchB.toeat
C.toeatatD.eatingat
48.Thisproblemissaid_____threetimes.
A.tohavebeentalked　B.tohavediscussed
C.havingbeendiscussedD.tohavebeentalkedabout
49.Everybodybelievedtheman______awaythediamondring.
A.betakenB.takingC.totakeD.tohavetaken
50.Iprefer____ratherthan______.
A.read；watch　B.toread；watch
C.reading；towatchD.toread；towatch
答案：
1-5DBBAA　6-10CCAAA11-15CADAB16-20BBAAA21-25ACCAB26-30DACBA31-35BCCCB36-40BBDAB41-45DDCDB46-50CCDDB　

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Unit5Lesson1Grammar導(dǎo)學(xué)案

古人云，工欲善其事，必先利其器。高中教師在教學(xué)前就要準(zhǔn)備好教案，做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。教案可以讓學(xué)生更好的吸收課堂上所講的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，幫助高中教師掌握上課時(shí)的教學(xué)節(jié)奏。怎么才能讓高中教案寫的更加全面呢？以下是小編收集整理的“Unit5Lesson1Grammar導(dǎo)學(xué)案”，希望能對(duì)您有所幫助，請(qǐng)收藏。

高二英語必修5Unit1Grammar學(xué)案

俗話說，凡事預(yù)則立，不預(yù)則廢。教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案，這是每個(gè)教師都不可缺少的。教案可以讓學(xué)生們有一個(gè)良好的課堂環(huán)境，有效的提高課堂的教學(xué)效率。那么一篇好的教案要怎么才能寫好呢？急您所急，小編為朋友們了收集和編輯了“高二英語必修5Unit1Grammar學(xué)案”，大家不妨來參考。希望您能喜歡！

Unit1GreatScientists-Grammar學(xué)案
過去分詞作定語和表語
--Lookattheexcitedboy!Why
ishesohappy?
--Hehasgotthefirstprizein
thecontest.
--Nowonderheisexcited!
一、過去分詞作定語
1.前置定語
被動(dòng)意義：
anrespectedguest一位受尊敬的客人
Howmanyfinishedproductshaveyougotuptonow?
=Howmanyproductsthathavebeenfinishedhaveyougotuptonow?
到現(xiàn)在為止，你已經(jīng)得到多少成品？
完成意義：
aretiredworker一位退休的工人
Thechildrenarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.
=Thechildrenarecleaningtheleavesthathavefallenintheyard.
孩子們正在打掃院子里的落葉。
總結(jié)：________的過去分詞作定語，通常放在被修飾的名詞之______,作前置定語。表示________和________的意義。
2.后置定語
Thingsseenarebetterthanthingsheard.
=Thingswhichareseenarebetterthanthingswhichareheard.
眼見最好。
Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten.
=Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindthathaseverbeenwritten.
這將是這類小說中寫得最好的。
總結(jié)：過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，放在被修飾的名詞之______，作后置定語，作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)____________。
注意：
①如被修飾的詞是something,anything,everything,nothing,-one,-body以及those等,分詞放在被修飾詞的后面。
Doyouhaveanythingunfinished?你還有什么沒完成的事嗎？
Heisoneofthosekidnapped.他是那些被綁架的人之一。
②單個(gè)分詞也可以作后置定語,用以強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。?
Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他們決定更換使用的材料。
③不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞僅表示時(shí)間的完成,無被動(dòng)意義?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。?
fallenleaves落葉fallingleaves正在下落的樹葉
adevelopedcountry發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家adevelopingcountry發(fā)展中國(guó)家　
theboiledwater(涼）開水?theboilingwater沸水?
二、過去分詞作表語
Theteacherseemedquitedelightedattheidea.
Whenweheardofthestory,weweredeeplymoved.
Hishairisnearlyallgone.
過去分詞作表語表示主語的_________和_________。
注意：
①作表語的過去分詞，________的意味很弱，主要表示動(dòng)作的_______和某一_______，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。
Theboatisbroken.
Thestreetiscrowded.
②表示______的過去分詞：disappointed,excited,surprised,pleased…
表示______的過去分詞：lost,known,married,dressed,gone,drunk…
Latertheyfoundthattheywerelost.
Thehappytimeisgone.
③過去分詞作表語：強(qiáng)調(diào)____________________
被動(dòng)語態(tài)：強(qiáng)調(diào)____________________
Myglassesarebroken.(________)

Myglasseswerebrokenbymylittledaughter.(________)
Hewassurprisedatthenews.(________)

Iwasgreatlysurprisedbyaknockatthedoor.(________)
Practice:
1.這本書很有趣。
2.他對(duì)這本書很感興趣。
3.這個(gè)窗戶破了。
4.這個(gè)窗戶是被那個(gè)頑皮的男孩兒打破的。
5.站在那兒的男孩兒是我弟弟。
6.他是位高級(jí)教師。
7.穿白色衣服的學(xué)生是我女兒。

答案
一、
1.總結(jié)：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)；前；被動(dòng)；完成
2.總結(jié)：后；定語從句
二、
情緒；狀態(tài)
①被動(dòng)；完成；狀態(tài)
②情緒；狀態(tài)
③主語所處的狀態(tài)
主語所承受的動(dòng)作
Practice:
1.Thebookisveryinteresting.
2.Heisveryinterestedinthebook.
3.Thiswindowisbroken.
4.Thiswindowwasbrokenbuthenaughtyboy.
5.Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.
6.Heisanadvancedteacher.
7.Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.

Unit 5 Music（Grammar and Useful Structures）教案

Unit5Music（GrammarandUsefulStructures）
Aims
TohelpstudentslearnabouttheAttributiveClausewithaprepositioninfront.
Tohelpstudentsdiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulwordsandexpressions.
Tohelpstudentsdiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulstructures.
Procedures
I.Warmingup
Warmingupbydiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressions
Turntopage35anddoexercisesNo.1,2and3first.Checkyouranswersagainstyourclassmates’.
II.Learningaboutgrammar
1.Readingandthinking
Turntopage34andreadwithmethetextofTHEBANDTHATWASN’t.Asyoureadon,payattentiontoTheAttributiveClause(in/for/with/by＋which/whom),thatis,theattributiveclauseswithaprepositionaheadoftherelativepronounshowninthesentences.
Forreference:Themusiciansofwhomthebandwasformedplayedjokesoneachotheraswellasplayedmusic.However,afterayearorsoinwhichtheybecamemoreseriousabouttheirwork,“TheMonkees”startedtoplaytheirowninstrumentsandwritetheirownsongslikearealband.
2.DoingexercisesNo.1and2onpage35
Turntopage34.Lookatthetwosentences:
Themusiciansofwhomthebandwasformedplayedjokesoneachotheraswellasplayedmusic.
However,afterayearorsoinwhichtheybecamemoreseriousabouttheirwork,“TheMonkees”startedtoplaytheirowninstrumentsandwritetheirownsongslikearealband.
Payattentiontothestructure:preposition+relativepronoun.Usuallyonlytworelativepronouns---whichandwhom---canbeusedintheAttributiveClause,withaprepositionputbeforetheclause.Thatcan’tbeused.Lookatthescreen.Herearemoreexamplesonthiskindofstructure.
1.Thisisthereasonforwhichhelefthishometown.(=why)
2.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichwestayedtogether.(=when)
3.ThisisthegirlfromwhomIlearnedthenews.
4.ThepersontowhomIspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.
5.I’llshowyouastoreinwhichyoumaybuyallthatyouneed.(=where)
6.Idon’tlikethewayinwhichyoulaughedather.(=that)
NowgoontodoExerciseNo.2onpage36,thatis,tosortoutthesentences.
III.ReadyusedmaterialsforTheAttributiveClause(in/for/with/by＋which/whom)
Informalstylesweoftenputaprepositionbeforetherelativepronounswhichandwhom:
?Therateatwhichamaterialheatsupdependsonitschemicalcomposition.
?InthenovelbyPeters,onwhichthefilmisbased,themaincharacterisateenager.
?AnactorwithwhomGelsonhadpreviouslyworkedcontactedhimabouttherole.
?Hermanyfriends,amongwhomIliketobeconsidered,gaveherencouragement.
Noticethatafteraprepositionyoucan’tusewhoinplaceofwhom,andyoucan’tusethatorzerorelativepronouneither:
?Isitrightthatpoliticiansshouldmakeimportantdecisionswithoutconsultingthepublictowhomtheyareaccountable?(not---thepublictowhotheyareaccountable.)
?Thevalleyinwhichthetownliesisheavilypolluted.(not---Thevalleyinthatthetown...)
?Arnoldtriedtogaugethespeedatwhichtheyweretraveling.(not---thespeedattheyweretraveling.)
IninformalEnglishweusuallyputtheprepositionattheendinattributiveclausesratherthanatthebeginning:
?TheofficewhichGrahamledthewaytowasfilledwithbooks.
?Jim’sfootballingability,whichhewasnotedfor,hadbeenencouragedbyhisparents.
?Theplaygroundwasn’tusedbythosechildrenwhoitwasbuiltfor.
Inthiscasewepreferwhoratherthanwhom(althoughwhomisusedinformalcontexts).Inrestrictiveattributiveclauseswecanalsousethatorzerorelativepronouninsteadofwhoorwhich(e.g....thechildren(that)itwasbuiltfor).
Iftheverbinattributiveclausesisatwo-or-three-wordverb(e.g.comeacross,fillin,gothrough,lookafter,lookupto,putupwith,takeon)wedon’tusuallyputtheprepositionatthebeginning:
?Youressayisoneofthose(which/that)I’llgothroughtomorrow.(ratherthan...throughwhichI’llgotomorrow.)
?Sheisoneofthefewpeople(who/that)Ilookupto.(not...towhomIlookup.)
InformalwrittenEnglish,weoftenprefertouseofwhichratherthanwhosetotalkaboutthings:
?Ahugeamountofoilwasspilled,theeffectsofwhicharestillbeingfelt.(or...whoseeffectsarestillbeingfelt.)
?Theendofthewar,theanniversaryofwhichisonthe16thofNovember,willbecommemoratedincitiesthroughoutthecountry.(or...whoseanniversaryison...)
Notethatwecan’tuseofwhichinplaceofwhoseinthepatternsdescribedinUnit71B:
?DorothywasabletoswitchbetweenGerman,PolishandRussian,allofwhichshespokefluently.(not..,allwhoseshespoke...)
Wecansometimesusethat...ofinplaceofofwhich.Thisislessformalthanofwhichandwhose,andismainlyusedinspokenEnglish:
?Theschoolthatsheisheadofisclosingdown.(orTheschoolofwhichsheishead...)
Whosecancomeafteraprepositioninattributiveclauses.However,itismorenaturaltoputtheprepositionattheendinlessformalcontextsandinspokenEnglish:
?WeweregratefultoMr.Marks,inwhosecarwehadtraveledhome.(or...whosecarwehadtraveledhomein.)
?InowturntoFreud,fromwhoseworkthefollowingquotationistaken.(or...whoseworkthefollowingquotationistakenfrom.)
IV.Closingdownbydoingexercises:
Jointhesentencehalvesusingwhichorwhomafteranappropriatepreposition.(A)
a.Iwouldneverhavefinishedthework.
b.Itwasprimarilywritten.
c.Weknownothing.
d.Theygotagoodview.
e.Helearnedhowtoplaychess.
f.Dennisscoredthreegoalsinthefinal.
g.Shewasborn.
h.Itwasdiscovered.
1.Theyclimbeduptothetopofalargerock.
2.Iwouldliketothankmytutor.
3.ShehasnowmovedbacktothehouseonLongIsland.
4.ThestaristobenamedafterPatrickJenks.
S.Thisistheball.
6.Heisnowabletobeathisfather.
7.Thebookisenjoyedbyadultsaswellaschildren.
8.Therearestillmanythingsinoursolarsystem.
Keyforreference:
1.Theyclimbeduptothetopofalargerock,fromwhichtheygotagoodview.
2.Iwouldliketothankmytutor,withoutwhomIwouldneverhavefinishedthework.
3.ShehasnowmovedbacktothehouseonLongIsland,inwhichshewasborn.
4.ThestaristobenamedafterPatrickJenks,bywhomitwasdiscovered.
S.Thisistheball.Dennisscoredthreegoalsinthefinal.
6.Heisnowabletobeathisfather,fromwhomhelearnedhowtoplaychess.
7.Thebookisenjoyedbyadultsaswellaschildren,aboutwhomitwasprimarilywritten.
8.Therearestillmanythingsinoursolarsystem,aboutwhichweknownothing.
Arethesecorrectorappropriate?Iftheyare,puta√.Iftheyarenot,giveareason,correctthemandgivealternativesifyoucan.(A)
I.ItsapieceofjewelryacrosswhichIcameinanantiqueshop.---whichIcameacrossinanantiqueshop.(‘cameacross’isatwo-wordverb.)
2.Theextraworkwhichshetookonwasstartingtoaffectherhealth.
3.Mymother,afterwhomIlookedforover20years,diedlastyear.
4.ThepeoplewhomIworkwithareallveryfriendly.
5.Someofthecriticismswithwhichtheyhadtoputupwereveryunfair.
6.Hehadmanyfriendswithwhomhehadaregularcorrespondence.
7.ThewomantowhoheisengagedcomesfromPoland.
8.TheformswhichIhadtofillinwereverycomplicated.
RewritethesesentencessothattheyaremoreappropriateforformalwrittenEnglish.Usepreposition+whichorpreposition+whose,asappropriate.(B)
I.TomSims,whosecartheweaponswerefoundin,hasbeenarrested.TornSims,inwhosecartheweaponswerefound,hasbeenarrested.
2.TomHam,whosenoveltheTVseriesisbasedon,willappearinthefirstepisode.
3.DrJacksonownsthecastlewhosegroundsthemainroadpassesthrough.
4.TessaParsonsisnowmanagingdirectorofSimons,thecompanythatshewasonceasecretaryin.
5.AllowingtheweaponstobesoldisanactionthattheGovernmentshouldbeashamedof.
6.Thedragonflyisaninsectthatweknowverylittleof.

Unit2language-Grammar學(xué)案

俗話說，凡事預(yù)則立，不預(yù)則廢。作為教師準(zhǔn)備好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠聽懂教師所講的內(nèi)容，幫助授課經(jīng)驗(yàn)少的教師教學(xué)。怎么才能讓教案寫的更加全面呢？下面是小編幫大家編輯的《Unit2language-Grammar學(xué)案》，僅供參考，希望能為您提供參考！

Unit2language-Grammar學(xué)案

Teachingaim:

TohelpSsknowmoreaboutnounclause

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(NounClauses）。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞

引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：

連接詞：that,whether,if不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分）

連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,

　whose,which.

連接副詞：when,where,how,why

不可省略的連詞：　

　1.介詞后的連詞

2.引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。

　Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.

　Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.

比較：

whether與if均為"是否"的意思。但在下列情況下，whether不能被if取代：

1.whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首

2.引導(dǎo)表語從句

3.whether從句作介詞賓語
4.從句后有"ornot"

Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.

大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以置于句末，用it充當(dāng)形式主語。

Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.

Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.

二.主語從句

作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：
Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。

Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.誰能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不得而知。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英語晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。

有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（1）It+be+名詞+that從句

（2）It+be+形容詞+that從句

（3）It+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+that從句

（4）It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句

另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：
Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…

Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that…

Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…

二、賓語從句

名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。

1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：

HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。

Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。

注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：
Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。

Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。

2.用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：

Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告訴了你什么。

Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。

Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。

3.用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：

a.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時(shí)；b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)；c.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時(shí)；d.從句后有“ornot”時(shí)；e.后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。例如：

Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有沒有生命是個(gè)有趣的問題。

Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?

Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。

Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.我想知道他來還是不來。

Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?你能否告訴我是去還是留？

4.注意賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如：

hestudiesEnglisheveryday.（從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）

hestudiedEnglishlastterm.（從句用一般過去時(shí)）

Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.（從句用一般將來時(shí)）
hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）
當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)（could,would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：

TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．

5.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如?p>Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我們認(rèn)為你不在這。

Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。

三、表語從句

在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用asif引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動(dòng)詞+that從句。例如：

Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。
That’sjustwhatIwant.這正是我想要的。

Thisiswhereourproblemlies.這就是我們的問題所在。

Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。

需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：

Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning

四.同位語從句

同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：

Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.　

我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。

Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。

ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.

他想到可能瑪麗生病了。

同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：

that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。

試比較下面兩個(gè)例句:

Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere．（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略）

Haveyougottheidea（that）thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece？（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）

五、名詞性that-從句

1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：　主語：Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.　他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。

　賓語：JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.　約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。

　表語：Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.　事實(shí)是近來誰也沒有見過他。

　同位語：Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.

　近來誰也沒有見過他，這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安。

　形容詞賓語：Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.

　你對(duì)工作滿意我感到很高興。

2）That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例如：

Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.　很清楚，整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。

Itsapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.　你非走不可真是件憾事。

用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：

a.It+be+形容詞+that-從句

　Itisnecessarythat…　有必要……

　Itisimportantthat…　重要的是……

　Itisobviousthat…很明顯……

　b.It+be+-ed分詞+that-從句　

Itisbelievedthat…　人們相信……

　Itisknowntoallthat…　從所周知……

　Ithasbeendecidedthat…已決定……

　c.It+be+名詞+that-從句

　Itiscommonknowledgethat…　……是常識(shí)
　Itisasurprisethat…令人驚奇的是……
　Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是……
　d.It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that-分句
　Itappearsthat…似乎……
　Ithappensthat…碰巧……
　Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……

六、名詞性wh-從句

1）由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who,whom,.whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等連接代詞和where,when,how,why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語和間接賓語等，例如：

主語：Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.　

書銷售如何取決于作者本人。

直接賓語：Inonesownhomeonecandowhatonelikes.　

在自己家里可以隨心所欲。

間接賓語：Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize.　

俱樂部將給得勝者設(shè)獎(jiǎng)。

表語：MyquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation.　我的問題是誰將接任該基金會(huì)主席職位。

賓語補(bǔ)足語：Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.

她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。

同位語：Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.　

我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。

形容詞賓語：Imnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.　

我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請(qǐng)。

介詞賓語：　Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.

那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?p>2）Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將wh-從句置于句末，例如：

　Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob.　

　還沒決定誰做這項(xiàng)工作。

　Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried.　他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。

七、if,whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句

1）yes-no型疑問從句
從屬連詞if,whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同，例如：

　主語：Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.這一計(jì)劃是否可行還有等證實(shí)。
　賓語：Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.　請(qǐng)讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。

　表語：Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.　

問題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢給他。
　同位語：Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.　

他們調(diào)查他是否值得信賴。

　形容詞賓語：

Shesdoubtfulwhetherweshallbeabletocome.　

她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。

　介詞賓語：

Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness.我擔(dān)心他是否能度過疾病的危險(xiǎn)期。

2）選擇性疑問從句
　選擇性疑問從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whether…or或whethe…ornot構(gòu)成，例如：
　Pleasetellmewhether/iftheyareSwedishorDanish.請(qǐng)告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。

　Idontcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.

我不在乎你是否喜歡該計(jì)劃。

八、否定轉(zhuǎn)移

1)將think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式。

　IdontthinkIknowyou.　我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。

　Idontbelievehewillcome.　我相信他不回來。

注意：若謂語動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。

　Ihopeyouwerentill.我想你沒有生病吧。

2)將seem,appear等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。

　Itdoesntseemthattheyknowwheretogo.

　看來他們不知道往哪去。

　Itdoesntappearthatwellhaveasunnydaytomorrow.

　看來我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣。

3)有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語動(dòng)詞的否定。

　Idontrememberhavingeverseensuchaman.　

　我記得從未見過這樣一個(gè)人。(not否定動(dòng)名詞短語having…)

　Itsnotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.

　在這里，人們不會(huì)想到在街上會(huì)碰上陌生的人。

　(anyone作主語，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞不能用否定形式。)

4)有時(shí)狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動(dòng)詞前?！

heantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone.　(否定狀語)　螞蟻不只是為自己采食。

　HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.(否定because狀語)他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何，就輕信此事。

　Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatmansyoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty.　(否定狀語manyweeks)　她結(jié)婚還不到幾個(gè)月，這個(gè)人的弟弟就看見她了，并對(duì)她的美貌著了迷。

九、專項(xiàng)考點(diǎn)練習(xí)

1.________thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest.
A.ItissaidB.TheyaresaidC.ItsaidD.Itsays
2._____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.
A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
3.ItworriedMaryalot_____shewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination.
A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how
4.Shanghaihastakenonanewlook.Itisn’tlike_____itusedtobe.
A.whatB.howC.thatD.which
5.____isnopossibility______Bobwillwinthefirstprizeinthematch.
A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,whether
6.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster____hehaddonethedaybefore.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.where
7.Theoldmansmiledwhenhesawhowpretty_____uptobeduringthepastfewyears.
A.hadhisdaughtergrownB.wouldhisdaughtergrow
C.hisdaughterwouldgrowD.hisdaughterhadgrown
8.HaveyouseenMarylately?Mybosswantstoknow_______.
A.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalong
C.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong
9.____surprisedmemostwas_____suchalittlegirlofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.
A.That;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.What;what
10.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo______Icantosavethem.
A.whateverB.whichC.thatD.whichever
11._____helpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Theperson
12.Eat_____youlikeandleavetheothersfor_____comesinlate.
A.any;whoB.every;whoeverC.whichever;whoeverD.either;whoever
13.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas_____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;whyB.That;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that
14.Itwas____hesaid___disappointedme.
A.What;thatB.That;thatC.What;whatD.That;what
15.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers_______tothefront.
A.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.mustgo
16.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin______,but_______.
A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegive
C.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;thatwegive
17.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion_______.
A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istobeputoff
18.Goandgetyourcoat．Its____youleftit．
A.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere
19.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
20.Youcan’timagine______whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
Keys:
1---5AAABA6---10CDABA11----15CCAAC16---20BAACBHomework:

HaveSsfinishtheexerciseaboveafterlearningmoreinformationaboutnounclause