小學(xué)語文微課教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2020-10-15Unit3manners-grammar學(xué)案。
一名優(yōu)秀的教師在教學(xué)時(shí)都會(huì)提前最好準(zhǔn)備,高中教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案為之后的教學(xué)做準(zhǔn)備。教案可以讓學(xué)生更好地進(jìn)入課堂環(huán)境中來,幫助高中教師有計(jì)劃有步驟有質(zhì)量的完成教學(xué)任務(wù)。您知道高中教案應(yīng)該要怎么下筆嗎?考慮到您的需要,小編特地編輯了“Unit3manners-grammar學(xué)案”,僅供參考,歡迎大家閱讀。
Unit3manners-grammar學(xué)案
TheRelativeClause
一.快捷識(shí)記
·非限制性定于從句
1.1.限制性定語從句不能省略,如果省略了句子就不完整,而限制性定語從句可以省略,因?yàn)樗鼉H僅是對(duì)先行詞的附加說明
Takethestreetthatgoestotheright.
Thelibrary,(whichisnewlybuilt,)willsoonbeopentothepublic.
2.限制性定語從句中,主句與從句之間沒有逗號(hào),非限制性定語從句中主句與從句之間必須用逗號(hào)隔開.
3.限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略,而在非限制性定語從句中則不能省.
4非限制性定語從句不能用關(guān)系代詞that.
5.限制性定語從句的先行詞只能是一個(gè)名詞或代詞,而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞,也可以是一句話
Hedidn’tpasstheexamination,whichdisappointedhisparents.
6.非限制性定語從句所修飾的某人的親屬或某個(gè)東西,某個(gè)地方表示”唯一的,獨(dú)一無二的”,限制性定語從句表示這個(gè)親屬和地方不止一個(gè).
MybrotherwholivesinNewYorkhassixchildren.
我住在紐約的那個(gè)兄弟有六個(gè)孩子.(不止一個(gè)兄弟)
Mybrother,wholivesinNewYork,hassixchildren.
我有一個(gè)兄弟,他住在紐約,有六個(gè)孩子.(只有一個(gè)兄弟)
Shanghai,whichliesintheeastofChina,isahighlyindustrializedcity.
(因?yàn)樯虾V挥幸粋€(gè),必須在關(guān)系代詞前用上逗號(hào).)
特殊的定語從句
I.I.嵌入式定語從句
Sheisatopstudent,whotheysayhaswonfiveprizesinthecontest.
她是個(gè)優(yōu)等生,大家說她已經(jīng)在比賽中獲了五次獎(jiǎng)
“whohaswonfiveprizesinthecontest”既是student的定語從句,又是theysay的賓語,而theysay類似插入語,如果去掉并不影響句子的完整,類似的還有:
IhaveanideawhichI’msurewillinterestyou.
Wewillhaveanewteacher,whoIknowhasjustreturnedfromBritain.
HereadapoemwhichwethoughtwaswrittenbyapoetintheQinDinesty.
II.II.that的特殊用法
Canyoutellmetheway(that)/inwhichyousolvedthedifficultproblem?
Thisisthelasttime(that)I’llgiveyoualesson.
III.在非限制性定語從句中,ofwhich/ofwhom常用于基數(shù)詞some,most,all,none,neither,either等詞后,而不用whose。
Thesebooks,twoofwhichIhaveread,areinteresting.
Theteachersspeakhighlyofthesetofworkbooks,allofwhichhavecomeout.
Theaudience,mostofwhomwerecollegestudents,enjoyedtheconcert.
二.隨堂練習(xí)
I.Fillineachblankwitharelativepronounorarelativeadverb:
(who,whom,which,that,as,where,when,why)
1.Thiswasthebestmodelofaradioset______thefactoryproducedin1979.
2.Doyouknowanyone______knowsaboutthehistoryoftheMingTombs?
3.WehavevisitedtheMuseumofChineseHistory,______PremierZhouslife
anddeedsarebeingshown.
4.Wellneverforgettheday______wejoinedtheLeague.
5.Thisistheman______sondiedintheWarofLiberation.
6.Hetoldmeeverything_____hehadseeninthetrafficaccident.
7.LiuMingshowedmeaningeniouswayby______thedifficultycouldbe
overcome.
8.Idontknowthereason______shedidntagreetoourstudyplan.
9.IbegantoworkinBeijingintheyear______NewChinawasfounded.
10.YesterdayImetDr.Li______toldmethegoodnewsofWangsrecovery.
11.Thetwopupils_____youtaughtthreeyearsagohavebecometeachers.
12.Thefirstthing_____mysisterisgoingtodothiseveningistowrite
areportaboutscientificexperiment.
13.Thechild______parentsdiedintheaccidentisnowlivingwithhisaunt.
14.Theplace______youarestandingwasthesiteofanoldchurch.
15.Youcantelephonethepeople______youwanttoinvitetodinner.
16.Didyouknowtheactor______yousawjustnow?
17.Thisistheman_____photoItookyesterday.
18.Thisisthebiggesttiger_____haseverbeenshowninthezoo.
19.Theriver______theycrossedistwomileswide.
20.Thedoctor______istreatingforyourhearttroubleisarelativeofmine.
21.Mary,______dressisallgreen,looksverypretty.
22.ThePLAmanwillvisitthevillage______theoldmanlives.
II.Combinethefollowingsentences:
1.XiaoWangfoundmethekey.Ilostthekeyyesterday.
2.Whereisthebeautifulpicture?YouboughtitlastSunday.
3.Thenurseisverykind.Shelooksaftermylittlesister.
4.WewatchedtheplayTeahouse.TheplayTeahousewaswrittenbyLaoShe.
5.Thebuildingisattheotherendofthestreet.Sheislookingforthebuilding.
6.Thebridgehasbeenrebuiltnow.Itwasbuiltin1956.
7.Thegirlisnowlivingwithhergrandmother.Herparentsdiedintheearthquake.
8.Sheisgoingtothetown.Idontknowthetown.
9.ShejoinedtheLeagueonOctober4,2000.Shewillneverforgettheday.
10.Hedidntattendthemeeting.Hetoldmethereason.
11.Thestudentstudiesveryhard.Herfatherisamodelworker.
12.Thetrainstartedat4:50p.m.LiMingmissedit.
13.Thehotelusedtobeapalace.Professorisstayingatit.
14.Themedicinewasquitehelpful.DrChengaveittohim.
15.Thetelevisionsetisstillgoingwell.Theyhaveuseditforthreeyears.
16.Thosenewrecordsareverynice.Ihavejustheardthem.
17.Thecoatwillkeepmewarm.Mymotherboughtmethecoat.
18.Iamgoingtovisittheoldman.IoncelearnedChinesefromhim.
19.ZhangLinwillpaintapictureoftheoilworkers.Heusedtoworkwiththem.
20.Imgoingtothedepartmentstore.Mymotherworksthere.
21.Hejoinedthearmyin1947.Hishometownwasliberatedthatyear.
22.LastmonthshewenttoQingdao.Sheattendedameetingthere.
23.Helivesinahouse.Thehousehasmodernconveniences.
擴(kuò)展閱讀
Unit3fashion-grammar學(xué)案
Unit3fashion-grammar學(xué)案
一快捷識(shí)記
限制性定語從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)分開,修飾主句中的某一個(gè)名詞或名詞詞組或代詞;非限制性定語從句常用逗號(hào)和主句隔開,可以修飾主句中的某一個(gè)詞,也可修飾整個(gè)句子。非限制性定語從句不能用that引導(dǎo),引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞不能省略。
非限制性定語從句例:LiPingacute;sfather,whoworksinafactory,isanengineer./Hetoreupmyphoto,whichmademeveryangry.(which指代主句內(nèi)容,因前后兩句是因果關(guān)系,此時(shí)which不可換為as。)
Heisgoodatphysics,asisknowntousall.=Asisknowntousall,heisgoodatphysics.(as指代主句內(nèi)容,在asisknown/believed,asweallknow/believe這類結(jié)構(gòu)中as不可換為which)
二.隨堂測(cè)試
一)單句改錯(cuò)。
1.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstcomestomindistheWestLake.
2.Inthedistancethereisahill,onthetopofitstandsawhitetemple.
3.IhaveneverbeentoDalianwhichissaidtobeanattractivecity.
4.Thesungivesofflightandwarmth,thatmakesitpossiblefor
plantstogrow.
5.Inanopenboat,thefourmen,oneofthemwasadoctor,metwithastormonthesea.
二)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。
1.I,________isyourgoodfriend,willofcoursetrymybesttohelp________youout.
2.HereachedLondonin1996,________,sometimelater,hebecameafamousactor.
3.MrGreenwillcometothepartyonSunday,________hepromisedtoeveryoneofus.
4.Theprofessorhastwosons,bothof________areteachinginthesameuniversity.
5.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.
三)把下列漢語翻譯成英語。
1.湯姆努力學(xué)習(xí)并樂于助人,這正是他父母所期盼的。
2.他們將乘飛機(jī)去昆明,在那里他們將呆兩三天。
3.老人有兩個(gè)女兒,其中一個(gè)是醫(yī)生。
參考答案:
一、1.在thefirst后加that。2.it改為which。3.在which前加逗號(hào)。4.that改為which。5.them改為whom。
二、1.who2.where3.which4.whom5.when
三、
1.Tomstudieshardandisreadytohelpothers,ashisparentsexpect.
2.TheywillflytoKunming,wheretheywillstayfortwoorthreedays.
3.Theoldmanhastwodaughters,oneofwhomisadoctor.
Unit3manners教案
Unit3manners-grammar學(xué)案
TheRelativeClause
一.快捷識(shí)記
非限制性定于從句
1.1.限制性定語從句不能省略,如果省略了句子就不完整,而限制性定語從句可以省略,因?yàn)樗鼉H僅是對(duì)先行詞的附加說明
Takethestreetthatgoestotheright.
Thelibrary,(whichisnewlybuilt,)willsoonbeopentothepublic.
2.限制性定語從句中,主句與從句之間沒有逗號(hào),非限制性定語從句中主句與從句之間必須用逗號(hào)隔開.
3.限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略,而在非限制性定語從句中則不能省.
4非限制性定語從句不能用關(guān)系代詞that.
5.限制性定語從句的先行詞只能是一個(gè)名詞或代詞,而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞,也可以是一句話
Hedidn’tpasstheexamination,whichdisappointedhisparents.
6.非限制性定語從句所修飾的某人的親屬或某個(gè)東西,某個(gè)地方表示”唯一的,獨(dú)一無二的”,限制性定語從句表示這個(gè)親屬和地方不止一個(gè).
MybrotherwholivesinNewYorkhassixchildren.
我住在紐約的那個(gè)兄弟有六個(gè)孩子.(不止一個(gè)兄弟)
Mybrother,wholivesinNewYork,hassixchildren.
我有一個(gè)兄弟,他住在紐約,有六個(gè)孩子.(只有一個(gè)兄弟)
Shanghai,whichliesintheeastofChina,isahighlyindustrializedcity.
(因?yàn)樯虾V挥幸粋€(gè),必須在關(guān)系代詞前用上逗號(hào).)
特殊的定語從句
I.I.嵌入式定語從句
Sheisatopstudent,whotheysayhaswonfiveprizesinthecontest.
她是個(gè)優(yōu)等生,大家說她已經(jīng)在比賽中獲了五次獎(jiǎng)
“whohaswonfiveprizesinthecontest”既是student的定語從句,又是theysay的賓語,而theysay類似插入語,如果去掉并不影響句子的完整,類似的還有:
IhaveanideawhichI’msurewillinterestyou.
Wewillhaveanewteacher,whoIknowhasjustreturnedfromBritain.
HereadapoemwhichwethoughtwaswrittenbyapoetintheQinDinesty.
II.II.that的特殊用法
Canyoutellmetheway(that)/inwhichyousolvedthedifficultproblem?
Thisisthelasttime(that)I’llgiveyoualesson.
III.在非限制性定語從句中,ofwhich/ofwhom常用于基數(shù)詞some,most,all,none,neither,either等詞后,而不用whose。
Thesebooks,twoofwhichIhaveread,areinteresting.
Theteachersspeakhighlyofthesetofworkbooks,allofwhichhavecomeout.
Theaudience,mostofwhomwerecollegestudents,enjoyedtheconcert.
二.隨堂練習(xí)
I.Fillineachblankwitharelativepronounorarelativeadverb:
(who,whom,which,that,as,where,when,why)
1.Thiswasthebestmodelofaradioset______thefactoryproducedin1979.
2.Doyouknowanyone______knowsaboutthehistoryoftheMingTombs?
3.WehavevisitedtheMuseumofChineseHistory,______PremierZhouslife
anddeedsarebeingshown.
4.Wellneverforgettheday______wejoinedtheLeague.
5.Thisistheman______sondiedintheWarofLiberation.
6.Hetoldmeeverything_____hehadseeninthetrafficaccident.
7.LiuMingshowedmeaningeniouswayby______thedifficultycouldbe
overcome.
8.Idontknowthereason______shedidntagreetoourstudyplan.
9.IbegantoworkinBeijingintheyear______NewChinawasfounded.
10.YesterdayImetDr.Li______toldmethegoodnewsofWangsrecovery.
11.Thetwopupils_____youtaughtthreeyearsagohavebecometeachers.
12.Thefirstthing_____mysisterisgoingtodothiseveningistowrite
areportaboutscientificexperiment.
13.Thechild______parentsdiedintheaccidentisnowlivingwithhisaunt.
14.Theplace______youarestandingwasthesiteofanoldchurch.
15.Youcantelephonethepeople______youwanttoinvitetodinner.
16.Didyouknowtheactor______yousawjustnow?
17.Thisistheman_____photoItookyesterday.
18.Thisisthebiggesttiger_____haseverbeenshowninthezoo.
19.Theriver______theycrossedistwomileswide.
20.Thedoctor______istreatingforyourhearttroubleisarelativeofmine.
21.Mary,______dressisallgreen,looksverypretty.
22.ThePLAmanwillvisitthevillage______theoldmanlives.
II.Combinethefollowingsentences:
1.XiaoWangfoundmethekey.Ilostthekeyyesterday.
2.Whereisthebeautifulpicture?YouboughtitlastSunday.
3.Thenurseisverykind.Shelooksaftermylittlesister.
4.WewatchedtheplayTeahouse.TheplayTeahousewaswrittenbyLaoShe.
5.Thebuildingisattheotherendofthestreet.Sheislookingforthebuilding.
6.Thebridgehasbeenrebuiltnow.Itwasbuiltin1956.
7.Thegirlisnowlivingwithhergrandmother.Herparentsdiedintheearthquake.
8.Sheisgoingtothetown.Idontknowthetown.
9.ShejoinedtheLeagueonOctober4,2000.Shewillneverforgettheday.
10.Hedidntattendthemeeting.Hetoldmethereason.
11.Thestudentstudiesveryhard.Herfatherisamodelworker.
12.Thetrainstartedat4:50p.m.LiMingmissedit.
13.Thehotelusedtobeapalace.Professorisstayingatit.
14.Themedicinewasquitehelpful.DrChengaveittohim.
15.Thetelevisionsetisstillgoingwell.Theyhaveuseditforthreeyears.
16.Thosenewrecordsareverynice.Ihavejustheardthem.
17.Thecoatwillkeepmewarm.Mymotherboughtmethecoat.
18.Iamgoingtovisittheoldman.IoncelearnedChinesefromhim.
19.ZhangLinwillpaintapictureoftheoilworkers.Heusedtoworkwiththem.
20.Imgoingtothedepartmentstore.Mymotherworksthere.
21.Hejoinedthearmyin1947.Hishometownwasliberatedthatyear.
22.LastmonthshewenttoQingdao.Sheattendedameetingthere.
23.Helivesinahouse.Thehousehasmodernconveniences.
Unit 1 Great scientists Period 3 Grammar學(xué)案
Period3Grammar
了解并掌握-ed做定語及表語
★預(yù)習(xí)案PreviewingCasew
Translatethesentenceswiththepastparticiplesfromthereadingpassageandrecitethem.
①DoctorJohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon...
②Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.
③JohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremove...
④Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople.
⑤Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.
⑥Hegotinterestedintwotheories.
過去分詞是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示動(dòng)作的_________和_______。它在句子中可以充當(dāng)________、________、________等成份。本單元僅談其作______和________的用法。
★探究案ExploringCase
探究點(diǎn)一:過去分詞作定語有前置和后置兩種情況。
1、前置定語:
A類:被動(dòng)意義:
an___________guest=a__________guest一位受尊敬的客人
The___________workersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.
受傷的工人現(xiàn)正在醫(yī)院受到良好的照料。
B類:完成意義:
a_________teacher一位退休的教師
Theyarecleaningthe_________leavesintheyard.
他們正在打掃院子里的落葉。
總結(jié):________的過去分詞作定語,通常放在被修飾的名詞之______,作前置定語。表示________和________的意義。
2、后置定語:
Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten(=thathaseverbeenwritten).
Whoweretheguestsinvited(=whohadbeeninvited)toyourpartylastnight?
總結(jié):過去分詞短語作定語時(shí),放在被修飾的名詞之______,作后置定語,作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)____________。
3、注意:①如被修飾的詞是something,anything,everything,nothing,-one,-body以及those等,分詞放在被修飾詞的后面。
Heisoneofthosekidnapped.他是那些被綁架的人之一。
你還有什么沒完成的事嗎?
______________________________________________________________?
②單個(gè)分詞也可以作后置定語,用以強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。?
Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他們決定更換使用的材料。
③不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞僅表示時(shí)間的完成,無被動(dòng)意義?,F(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
_______leaves落葉______leaves正在下落的樹葉
a_________country發(fā)達(dá)國家a________country發(fā)展中國家
the_______water(涼)開水?the_______water沸水?
探究點(diǎn)二:過去分詞作表語
Theteacherseemedquitedelightedattheidea.
Whenweheardofthestory,weweredeeplymoved.
過去分詞作表語表示主語的_________和_________。
注意:①作表語的過去分詞,________的意味很弱,主要表示動(dòng)作的_______和某一_______,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。
Theboatisbroken.Thestreetiscrowded.
②表示______的過去分詞:disappointed,excited,surprised,pleased…
表示______的過去分詞:lost,known,married,dressed,gone,drunk…
Latertheyfoundthattheywerelost.Thehappytimeisgone.
常見的作表語的過去分詞:
amused(愉快的);connected(連接的);broken(碎了的);closed(關(guān)閉的);astonished(吃驚的);covered(覆蓋的);crowded(擁擠的);delighted(高興的);;dressed(穿著的);drunk(喝醉的);experienced(有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的);worried(擔(dān)憂的);interested(感興趣的);tired(疲勞的);satisfied(滿意的);surprised(吃驚的);married(已婚的),等
③過去分詞作表語:強(qiáng)調(diào)____________________
被動(dòng)語態(tài):強(qiáng)調(diào)____________________
Myglassesarebroken.(________)
Myglasseswerebrokenbymylittledaughter.(________)
Hewassurprisedatthenews.(________)
Iwasgreatlysurprisedbyaknockatthedoor.(________)
★練習(xí)PracticeChoosethebestanswers.
1.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAmerica.(MET1990)
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited
2.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget______bythehour.(NMET1998)
A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay
3.Thefirsttextbook______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.
A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written
4.Dontusewords,expressions,orphrases______onlytopeoplewithspecialknowledge.
A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known
5.Hearingloudknocksatthedoor,Samgot______andopenedittofindwhoitwas.
A.dressedB.dressingC.dressD.beingdressed
6.Allpeoplepresentatthemeetingwere______atthesurprisingnews.
A.tosurpriseB.surprisedC.beingsurprisedDsurprise
7.Theynowhaveagovernment,______byallthepeople.
A.havingsupportedB.supportingC.supportedD.tobesupported
8.______in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.(2000)
A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding
PreviewingCase
Task1
Task2.過去分詞是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示完成和被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。它在句子中可以充當(dāng)表語、定語、狀語等成份。下面僅談其作定語和表語的用法。
ExploringCase
探究點(diǎn)一1.
anhonored/respectedguest
Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.
2.aretiredteacher一位退休的教師
Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.
Doyouhaveanythingunfinished?你還有什么沒完成的事嗎?
fallenleaves落葉fallingleaves正在下落的樹葉
adevelopedcountry發(fā)達(dá)國家adevelopingcountry發(fā)展中國家
theboiledwater(涼)開水?theboilingwater沸水?
二、
情緒;狀態(tài)
①被動(dòng);完成;狀態(tài)
②情緒;狀態(tài)
③主語所處的狀態(tài)
主語所承受的動(dòng)作
Practiceafterclass
Keys:1–8ACDDABCC
Unit3TheComputerandtheInformationAge-grammar教案-
一名優(yōu)秀的教師就要對(duì)每一課堂負(fù)責(zé),作為高中教師就要早早地準(zhǔn)備好適合的教案課件。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠聽懂教師所講的內(nèi)容,使高中教師有一個(gè)簡單易懂的教學(xué)思路。那么怎么才能寫出優(yōu)秀的高中教案呢?為了讓您在使用時(shí)更加簡單方便,下面是小編整理的“Unit3TheComputerandtheInformationAge-grammar教案-”,僅供參考,歡迎大家閱讀。
Unit3TheComputerandtheInformationAge-grammar教案
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)
一、經(jīng)過前幾個(gè)單元的學(xué)習(xí),到這個(gè)單元為止,時(shí)態(tài)已經(jīng)學(xué)完。按照要求,學(xué)生需要掌握下列幾個(gè)重要時(shí)態(tài)。
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
1》概念其基本意義在于表示發(fā)生在包括講話時(shí)間在內(nèi)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
2》理解:本時(shí)態(tài)主要關(guān)注動(dòng)作的經(jīng)常性,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作表現(xiàn)的事實(shí),或者是真理,而且和現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。
〈1〉表示客觀真理,科學(xué)事實(shí),格言,及其它各種不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在狀況。
如:Lighttravelsfasterthansound
Actionspeakslouderthanwords
2表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。
如;Ourartteacherpractisespaintingtwiceaday.
Tomoftenregularlydropinontheprofessor.
3表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。
如:Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.
Tomseldomrisesatsix.
4有when/while/until/before/assoonas/if/evenif等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間,條件,或讓步壯語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
如:whenwegetthere,wellcallyou.
Noonecangothroughwiththetaskontimeifitrains.
IllnotattendherbirthdaypartyevenifIaminvited.
5在新聞標(biāo)題,小說,戲劇,電影,圖片等說明中,也經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
如:TheDelegationofChinagetsawarmwelcomeinRussia.
Thestoryisaboutafamily---.Thehusbandcomeshomefromhisofficeandtellsthewifethathehasinvitedafriendtodinner.
3》標(biāo)志:often/always/usually/seldom./never..對(duì)上述壯語提問時(shí),常用howoften...?肯定句中,動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
如:
---Howoftendoeshevisittheoldman?
—---Never.
2.一般過去時(shí)
1》概念本時(shí)態(tài)主要是表示過去的時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)詞作或者是狀態(tài)。
2》理解強(qiáng)調(diào)過去動(dòng)作的一次性和習(xí)慣性。
1表示過去特定時(shí)間的一次完成的動(dòng)作。
如:Theoldprofessorsteppedintotheclassroom,openedthebook,andbegantoread.
WewenttoBeijingandvisitedHeavenTemple.
2用它表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,往往用一定的時(shí)間狀語或表示頻度的狀語。
如:wewenttoschooltogetherwhenwewereboysandsowesaweachothereveryday.
Thereusedtoatempleinthevillage.
在日常會(huì)話中,我們也用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間。這種用法在講話的口氣上表現(xiàn)出婉轉(zhuǎn),客氣的意味。
如:---Didyouwantme?
----Yes,Ihopedyoucouldgivemeahandwiththepainting.
3》警示:除了表示明顯的過去時(shí)間狀語外,還有usedto/would等暗示性詞語。
如:whenIwasinLondon,often,Iwouldhaveacupofcoffeeafterwork.
注意:上句中的would不能用usedto代替。這兩個(gè)詞雖然都表示"過去常常",但would常和時(shí)間連用,如often,everyday等,而usedto不可以。
3。一般將來時(shí)
1》概念表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
2》理解對(duì)未來事情的預(yù)見性,或者說明意圖,打算。
1用will或shall+動(dòng)詞的形式表示對(duì)未來事情的預(yù)見性,又稱為預(yù)見性將來時(shí)。
如:Tomorrowwillbefine.
Youwillfeelbetteraftertakingthemedicine.
2用begoingtodo表示將來。
用這種形式表示將來主要是說明現(xiàn)在的意圖,打算,即表明眼前最近要去做的事情。又稱之為近期將來。如:Imgoingtoposttwolettersafterclass./Sheisgoingtohaveauniversitydegree.
如果這種結(jié)構(gòu)用物做主語,也是一種預(yù)見,可以用will代替。
如:Itisgoingtorain
Watchout!Thepillofboxesisgoingtofall.
3用be+going表示將來
一般說來,用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來所用的時(shí)間大都是動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞,不適用于狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。用這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示按計(jì)劃要去做的事或發(fā)生的事情。
如:wereinvitingseveralpeopletoaparty.
TheforeignministryiscomingtotheUNthisweek.
Theplaneistakingoffat5:30
一般來說,bedoing/begoingtodo兩種結(jié)構(gòu)均可以表示將來,但有些區(qū)別。
比較:IamtakingMaryoutfordinnertonight.
IamgoingtotakeMaryoutfordinnertonight.
第一句表示計(jì)劃已定不能改變,第二句表示打算未定只是一種想法而已。
4用be+todo表示將來時(shí)間
這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示按計(jì)劃,隨安排將要去做的事情或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
如;Theworkersaretoproduce5000carsnextyear.
ThePrimeMinisteristospeakontelevisiontonight.
ThelineistobeopentotrafficonOctober1.
這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示的將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一般來說受人們意志控制或支配的??梢曰Q,但語意上有區(qū)別。如:
Wearegoingtoplaybasketballthisafternoon.表示目前的意圖
Wearetoplaybasketballthisafternoon.表示計(jì)劃,安排或受人的支配.
我們可以說:Itsgoingtorain/Theyoungmanisgoingtobefat.
但不能說:Itistorain/Theyoungmanistobefat.
5用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
如:NextChristmasfallsonaTuesday
Thetrainleavesat7:30thisevening.
Theplanetakesoffat6:40.
3》警示 除了上述那些之外,也用beaboutto/beonthepointof/beonthemiddleof/表將來。
如:Themeetingisabouttobegin.
Weareonthepointofgoingout...
但值得注意的是這種形式不和將來的時(shí)間用在一起。我們不可以說theyareabouttoleavethisafternoon.
4。進(jìn)行時(shí)
1》概念 表示某時(shí)某刻某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2》理解 進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作包括現(xiàn)在,過去和將來。
一現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
本結(jié)構(gòu)是am/is/are+doing構(gòu)成的形式。這種時(shí)態(tài)表示的動(dòng)作主要與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間有關(guān)系。有如下的用法。
1表示此刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 常伴有時(shí)間狀語。如:now/atpresent/atthemoment
Atpresent,thestaffareholdingameeting.
Wherearetheyhavingthebasketballmatch?
2表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
Iusuallygetupatseven,butImgettingupatsixeverydaythisweektopreparemylessons.
Selectingamobilephoneisdifficult.Thetechnologyischanging.
3如果和表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用,不表示動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行,而表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)性,在語意上帶有感情色彩。如:
Youarecontinuallyfindingfaultwithme.表不滿》
Heisalwaysthinkingofhowhecoulddoforthepeople《表贊揚(yáng)〉
Theoldmanisconstantlycomplainingofhiswatchbeingslow.〈發(fā)牢騷〉
〈二〉過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
本結(jié)構(gòu)是was/were+doing構(gòu)成的形式。它表示的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作主要和過去的時(shí)間有聯(lián)系,所以往往和表示過去的時(shí)間連用。
〈1〉表示過去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:
Whatwereyoudoingattenlastnight?
WhenIgotupthismorning,itwasrainingoutside.
2 表示過去某階段中正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:
Atthattime,hewasworkinginaPLAunit.
Inthoseyearshewashavingahappylife.
3在敘述故事的背景時(shí),為了使故事的語言更加生動(dòng),讓讀者有身臨其境的效果,多用進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:Onemorningthethreesistersweretogetherinthedrawingroom.Marywassewing,Alicewasplayingthepiano,andJanewasdoingnothing,thensuddenlythedooropened...
正如現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣,過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用,也能表示某種情感色彩。
3》警示 進(jìn)行時(shí)還常用在語境中,表示語氣的委婉。如:
---Whatareyougoingtodo?
---Imhopingtoinviteyoutodinner.
5.完成時(shí)。
1》概念 本時(shí)態(tài)是表示某動(dòng)作或某過程在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)處于完成的狀態(tài)。
2》理解 完成時(shí)包括現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。構(gòu)成分別為havehasdone/haddone.
一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。動(dòng)作在過去發(fā)生,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成,或者是繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。
?。币呀?jīng)完成的用法。其表明某動(dòng)作或過程發(fā)生在說話前某個(gè)不明確的過去時(shí)刻,到目前一完成,并對(duì)目前造成影響。如:Hehasnotbeentoshanghai/Haveyoufinishedreadingthestory?
本用法常和不確定時(shí)間狀語連用。如:already/yet/before/recently/lately/just...等
Ihaveseenhimbefore
wehaventbeentherelately
也可以和表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語用在一起。如:ever/never/once---等。
IhaveneverbeentoHongkong.
HaveyouevervisitedtheGreatWall?
2未完成的用法。本用法表示某動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開始于過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且還要繼續(xù)下去,在某種情況下也可能剛剛結(jié)束。常和since/for/時(shí)間狀語連用。如:
Hehasbeeninthearmyfor3years.
Hehaslivedinthebuildingsincehecamehere.
3》警示:如果不過since引導(dǎo)的從句中的動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的,一般認(rèn)為,語意上也表明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的結(jié)束。如:
Ihaventheardfromhimsincehelivedthere.
從他離開那兒以來,我一直未收到他的消息。
HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIwasill.
從我病愈以來,他常給我寫信。
如果since引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),那么表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)就不表示完結(jié)。如:
Ihaventheardfromhimsincehehaslivedthere.
從我住在那里以來,我一直未收到他的來信。
HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIhavebeenill.
從我生病以來,他常給我寫信。
二過去完成時(shí)。本時(shí)態(tài)表示的是動(dòng)作在過去的過去發(fā)生。它也分為“已完成用法”和“未完成用法”。
1已完成用法。表示,當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生或結(jié)束時(shí),在它之前的另一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。這種用法既用于動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞,也用于狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如:
Whenwearrivedthecinema,theticketshavebeensoldout.
Tomflewhome,buthisfatherhadalreadydied.
Iwastoldthattheoldmanhadbeenawayforaweek.
2未完成用法。表明某個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前一直延續(xù)到過去這個(gè)時(shí)間,而且還可能繼續(xù)下去。它也使用于動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。而且常和By+過去時(shí)間或從句 連用。如:
By12,hehadstudiedfor4hours.
Bywegotthere,theyhadendedthemeeting.
Wehadworkedtogetherforalongtimebeforewecametothiscollege.
3警示:在by+過去時(shí)間或從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果主句動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞,用過去完成時(shí),如果是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,用一般過去時(shí)。比較:
Bytheendoflastyear,hewas12.
Bytheendoflastyear,hehadlearned300Englishwords.
另外,在---hardly---when/---nosooner---than---的句中,主句用過去完成時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí)。而且,如果hardly./nosooner提前,主句需要部分倒裝。如:
IhadhardlyrecoganizedhimwhenIsawhim.
HardlyhadIrecoganizedhimwhenIsawhim.