小學英語單元教案
發(fā)表時間:2020-11-09高二英語上冊第五單元知識點:TheBritishIsles。
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高二英語上冊第五單元知識點:TheBritishIsles
1.NamefiveimportantcitiesintheUnitedKingdom.說出聯(lián)合王國(即英國)中五座重要城市的名字。(p.33WarmingUpEx.2)
name動詞,意為“說出……的名稱(名字);給……取名,命名;任命,提名;決定,說定”等。如:①Canyounamealltheplantsandtreesinthisgarden?你能叫得出這個花園的所有花草樹木
的名稱嗎?
②ThecouplenamedthechildDick.這對夫婦給孩子取名迪克。
③Mr.Michaelhasbeennamedasthenewmanager.邁克爾先生被任命為新的經(jīng)理。
④Pleasenamethedayforourwedding.請(你)決定我們婚禮的日子。
name構成的短語:worth(worthyof)thename名副其實的;inthenameof憑……的權威;以……的名義;callsb.names辱罵某人;name...after...以……名字命名;namesb.for提名某人擔任(某職務);knowsb.byname僅僅知道某人的名字(沒有見過面)
2.TheconversationworkshopistaughtonWednesdayafternoon.談話技巧研討會的上課時間是星期三的下午。(p.33ListeningEx.1No.1)
1)上句中workshop的詞義并非“車間;工廠;作坊;工作室”之意,而是“研習會,專題學術討論會”的意思。
2)介詞on表示時間的用法:
(1)用在“日期(date),幾號”和“星期幾”之前。
如:onJuly1st(=onthefirstofJuly)在7月l號(那一天);
onWednesday在星期三;
onSundays每逢星期天
(2)用在“特定”的早、晚、日間、上午、下午等之間。
如:onthemorning/afternoon/nightofOct.1st在10月1日的上午/下午/晚上;
onacoldnightinJanuary在一月的一個寒冷的夜晚;
ontheeveofthewar在戰(zhàn)爭前夕;
onNewYearsDay在新年(那天)
(3)用在某些動名詞之前,作“在……之時”講。
如:①Theygreetedusonourarrival.他們在我們到達時迎接了我們。
②Illshowyouthebookonmyreturn.我一回來就讓你看一下這本書。
③Hegotmarriedimmediatelyonhisgraduation.他一畢業(yè)就結了婚。
(4)用在某些動名詞之前,作“一……就……”講。
如:①Onarrivingatmydestination,Iwenttoseemyfriend.一到目的地,我便去看我的朋友。②Onleavingschool,hewentintobusiness.一畢業(yè),他便經(jīng)起商來。
③Onhearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.一聽到這個好消息,他高興地跳了起來。
(5)和occasion/opportunity等詞連用,表示“在某一特殊的時機或場合”。
如:①Isendyoumybestwishesonthishappyoccasion.值此佳期,我奉上對你最美好的祝愿。②Iwillhaveawordwithhimonthefirstopportunity.一有機會,我要跟他聊聊。
3.Whataretheopeninghoursofthelanguagelab?語言實驗室的開門時間是幾點到幾點?(p.34ListeningEx.3No.3)
上句中opening是形容詞,意為“第一次的,開頭的,開始的,開幕的”。另外,opening亦可用作名詞,意為“開放,開始,口子,通路”等。
如:①Hisopeningremarksareveryattractive.他的開場白很有吸引力。
②Theopeninghoursofthebankstherearedifferent.那兒的銀行的開門營業(yè)時間不一樣。
③Thisistheopeningofthenewplay.這是這部新戲的首場演出。
④Heattendedtheopeningofthenewmuseum.他出席了新博物館的開幕典禮。
⑤Heputagateacrosstheopeninginthefence.他在圍墻的開口處安了一個門。
4.Trytoreachagreementonmainpoints.盡量在主要觀點上達成一致。(p.34Speaking)
上句中的agreement意為“同意,一致,協(xié)議”。常構成如下詞組:
(1)inagreementon/upon/about…在/關于…”意見一致;(語法)相一致,呼應
①Weareinagreementonthatpoint.關于那一點我們意見一致。
②Theyarestillnotinagreementabouttheplan.他們在這個計劃上意見還是不一致。
③Thepredicateshouldbeinagreementwiththesubjectinpersonandnumber.謂語和主語應該在人稱和數(shù)方面保持一致。
(2)cometo(arriveat,reach,make)anagreementwithsb.與某人達成協(xié)議。
①Theyhavemadeanagreementabouttheplan.他們在這個計劃上意見一致了
②Anagreementshouldbereachedimmediatelywiththecompanyonthatpoint.關于那一點應該與那家公司盡快達成協(xié)議。
5.Otherpeoplethinkgeographyisconfusinganddifficulttolearn...其他人認為地理課使人感到混亂無序,很難學……(p.34SpeakingEx.2第二行)
confusing(adj.)令人糊涂的,使人混亂的;confuse(vt.)使混亂,使糊涂;confused(adj.)(某人)糊涂的,搞混亂的;confusesb./sth.withsb./sth.把……和……弄混。
如:①Thatisexactlytoconfuseblackwithwhite.那簡直是混淆黑白。
②Wetriedtoconfusetheenemy.我們試圖迷惑敵人。
③TheyaskedmesomanyquestionsthatIgotconfused.他們問了我許許多多的問題,把我弄糊涂了。
④DontconfuseAustriawithAustralia.不要把奧地利與澳大利亞弄混淆了。
⑤Hewas(became,got)confusedwithhismistake.他因犯了錯誤而不知所措。
延伸閱讀
高二英語上冊第二單元知識點:Newsmedia
作為優(yōu)秀的教學工作者,在教學時能夠胸有成竹,作為高中教師就要精心準備好合適的教案。教案可以保證學生們在上課時能夠更好的聽課,減輕高中教師們在教學時的教學壓力。那么怎么才能寫出優(yōu)秀的高中教案呢?急您所急,小編為朋友們了收集和編輯了“高二英語上冊第二單元知識點:Newsmedia”,供大家參考,希望能幫助到有需要的朋友。
高二英語上冊第二單元知識點:Newsmedia
非謂語動詞在同一成分中用法的辨析
1.做主語:-般來說,不定式和動名詞成份相同時,表示客觀性、一般性行為為多用動名詞表示,而表示一次性、具體性行為則多用不定式。
Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.
Tocleantheclassroomishisjobtoday.
2.做賓語:
Ilikeswimming,butIdontliketoswimtodaybecauseIdontfeelwell.
(1).有些動詞只能接不定式做賓語,這些動詞接上不定式,含有明顯的主觀性和將來性意義。如:help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long,(happen,seem),等等。
Herefusedtospeakontheradio.
Hedesiredtoseeyou.
(2)..有些動詞只接動名詞做賓語,這些動詞接上動名詞,含有明顯的"依據(jù)往事或經(jīng)驗來作出理解和判斷"的意思。mind,finish,enjoy,suggest,permit,appreciate,consider,miss,dislike,keep(on),avoid,permit,imagine,risk,escape,admit,stand(忍受),allow,forbid,excuse,等等。
短語動詞:giveup,putoff,lookforwardto,feellike,insiston,objectto,prevent…from,setabout,canthelp,be/getusedto等
短語:beworthdoing,benogooddoing,benousedoing,bebusydoing等
Themotherdidagreetolettheboyriskswimmingacrosstheriver.
Shecantstandhavingnothingtodoathome.
Hiswifedoesntallowsmokinginsidetheroomandoftenadvisedhimtogiveupsmoking.
Allthefamilyinsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger.
Itsnogoodlearningwithoutpracticing.
Imlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.
Shedoesntfeellikeeatinganything,beingillforafewdays.
(3).有些動詞后面既可接不定式,又可接動名詞,其意義基本相同,區(qū)別不大。如;like,love,hate,delay,continue,attempt(企圖),afford(提供),prefer.omit(省略),begin,start.
TheEinsteins,however,couldnotaffordtopayfor(or:payingfor)theadvancededucationthatyoungAlbertneeded.
Ipreferstaying(tostay)athomeonSunday.
注意:begin和start本身為進行時,或后面動詞為心理變化意義的動詞時,須接不定式。
Whenwecamein,theywerebeginningtohavesupper.
Afterhisexplanation,Ibegantounderstandit/realizethatIwaswrong.
(4).有些詞后面既可以接不定式.亦可接動名詞,但其意義有很大區(qū)別,須特別注意:
A.remember,forget,regret接動名詞,表示完成意義(=havingdone),接不定式,表示將來意義:
PleaseremembertobringmethebookIwantnexttime.
Irememberseeingher(=havingseenher)somewherebefore.
Dontforgettowritetomesoon.
Ineverforgetvisiting(=havingvisited)themforthefirsttime.
Iregretmissingthatgoodfilmlastweek.(后悔干……事)
Iregretnottaking(nothavingtaken)youradvice.
IregrettosayIcanttakeyouradvice.(遺憾=besorry)
B.mean:meantodo=wanttodo打算,想要……;meandoing:意味著,就是
Iamsorry,Ididntmeantohurtyourfeelings,
Imeanttocallonyou,butIwassobusy.
Learningaforeignlanguagedoesntmeanjustworkinginclass.
C.stop:stoptodo停下來,要干另一件事,不定式作目的狀語;stopdoing停止干……,動名詞作賓語。
Aftersometime,theystoppedwalkingandhadarest.
Afterwalkingsometime,theystoppedtohavearest.
D.try:trytodo,努力,試圖干……事;trydoing:試著干……事
Hesearchedeverywhereandtriedtofindhiskey.
Hecametothecityfromthecountrysideandtriedtofindajob.
Themotherisoutandtheboyhadtotrycookingforhimself.
Theytriedtosucceedandtrieddoingtheirexperimentsagainandagain.
E.want,need,require接動名詞表示被動意義,表示"需要、該……";接不定式,表示"想,要干……"
Theroomwantscleaning.
Thebikerequiresrepairing.
Theseyoungtreesrequirelookingafter.
Thematterneedsthinkingover.(=tobethoughtover)
AMr.Wangwantstoseeyou.
Youdontneedtoleavesoearly.
F.goon:goontodo繼續(xù)干和原來不同的另一件事,不定式作目的狀語。
goondoing繼續(xù)干原來同一件事,動名詞作賓語。
Afterasmoke,hewentontellingusthatinterestingstory.
AfterwritinghisEnglishcompositionhewentontoworkouthismathsproblems.
G.動詞advise,allow,permit,forbid后面接單賓語時用動名詞,接復合賓語時用動詞不定式。
Doctorsadvisegivingupsmokingtobenefitoneshealth.
Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmokingsoastoimprovehishealth.
Shedoesntallow(permit)smokinginherroom.=Shedoesntallow(permit)anyonetosmokeinherroom.
Parkingisforbiddenhere.=Anycarsnotpermittedtoparkhere.
3.做賓補:
不定式可以表示一次性、具體性行為,以及將來意義的行為?,F(xiàn)在分詞可以表示當時正在發(fā)生的進行意義的行為,亦可表示-個持續(xù)時間的延續(xù)性的行為動作。過去分詞可以表示完成意義的行為或狀態(tài),及物動詞的過去分詞亦有被動意義,不及物動詞的過去分詞仍是主動意義。
WhenIcamein,Isawherdancinghappily.
IoftenhearhersingsongsinEnglishinherroom.
Theyhadthelightsburningallnightlong.
IsawLiPingpassbyandenterthenextroomjustnow.
Themotherwillhavethedoctorexaminehersonagain.
TomorrowIllhavemyhaircut.
WhenIgothomeIfoundthewindowbrokenandthethiefgoneawayalready.
Whentheyreturnedtotheirhometown,afteranabsenceoftwentyyears,theyfoundeverythingchanged.
4.做表語:
不定式和動名詞做表語解釋主語內(nèi)容,且可以和主語顛倒,意思仍然通順,回答what的問題。它們有時存在經(jīng)常性和一次性行為的區(qū)別,分詞做表語表明主語的性質、特征和狀態(tài),不能和主語顛倒,可以回答how的問題。
Herjobiscleaningoffices.(Whatisherjob?)(Cleaningofficesisherjob.)
Ourjobtodayistocleantheoffice.(=Tocleantheofficeisourjobtoday.)
Thenewsisveryexciting.(Howisthenews?)
Theyareverytiredafteralongwalk.
Thedoorislockednow.
Thechildrenarewelldressedthesedays.
5.做定語:
不定式做定語與先行詞有動賓、主謂和解釋先行詞內(nèi)容等關系。在時態(tài)上常是將來意義,現(xiàn)在分詞做定語是現(xiàn)在時或進行時態(tài)意義;過去分詞做定語則是完成時態(tài)意義。此外,不定式做定語時只能后置,不可前置,而單個分詞做定語可前置,分詞短語做定語則須后置。動名詞做定語,須前置,且要重讀,它表明先行詞的用途。而分詞做定語表明先行詞的性質、特征和狀態(tài)。
aswimmingboy=aboywhoisswimming
aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming
theboilingwater=thewaterthatisboiling
drinkingwater=waterfordrinking
TodayIhavealettertowrite.
Pleasefindamantohelpus.
ItisagoodchancetopractiseyourspokenEnglish.
IlikereadingbookswrittenbyLuXun.
ThewomanstandingoverthereisourEnglishteacher.
Thehousetobebuilt(=whichwillbebuilt/whichistobebuilt)nextyearwillbeournewlibrary.
Thehousebeingbuilt(=whichisbeingbuilt)nowwillbeournewlibrary.
Thehousebuilt(=whichwasbuilt)lastyearisournewlibrarynow.
6.做狀語:
不定式和分詞做狀語各有不同分工。動詞不定式多做目的、結果和原因狀語,且多放在句末;分詞可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式狀語,多置于句首,做伴隨狀語,多放在后面。單獨的動名詞不能做狀語,在介詞后形成介詞短語,從而做狀語。
(1).目的狀語:通常有不定式表示,由于不定式的客觀性和將來性特征。不定式前還可加上inorder,soas來加強說話的口氣。但soasto通常不用于句首。
TheSmithshavegonetoLondontospendtheirholidays.
Icamehere(inorder/soas)tohearthereport.
Inorderto(不用soasto)seebetter,wetookfrontseats.
(2).時間狀語:分詞作時間狀語相當于時間狀語從句?,F(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語一般位于句首,表示的動作和謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生,有時現(xiàn)在分詞前可以加上時間連詞。如果分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成體形式。過去分詞作時間狀語與謂語動詞構成同時性和被動意義。分詞前有時加上時間連詞。
Arriving(=Whenhearrived)atthebusstop,hefoundhissisterthere.
Waiting(=WhenIwaswaiting)toseethedoctor,Imetwithafriendofmine.
Having(=Whenwehave)madefullpreparations,wearereadyforanexamination.
Having(=Whenhehad)finishedhishomework,hewenttobed.
Afterfinishinghishomework,hewenttobed.
Seen(=Whenthetownisseen)fromthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.
Locked(=Whenhewaslooked)upintheroom,hefoundhimselfisolatedfromtheouterworld.
Whenaskedtomakeaspeech,hesaidhewasgladtodoso.
Oncerecovered,hewentallouttodohiswork.
(3).原因狀語:不定式作原因狀語往往用于形容詞之后,這些形容詞通常是happy,sorry,fortunate,angry,glad,ashamed,discouraged,delighted,frightened,shocked等。分詞作原因狀語相當于原因狀語從句。一般位于句首。
Iamsorrytohearthatyouarenotwell.
Imverysorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.
Wearegreatlydelightedtohaveanativeasourguide.
Being(=Sincehewas)illalllastyear,helivedinasanatorium.
Therebeingnoenoughmoney,hecouldntbuythedictionarythathewanted.
Having(=Sincetheyhad)beenaskedtostay,theycouldntpossiblyleaverightaway.
Moved(=Ashewasmoved)bytheheroicdeedsofthePLAman,heburstintotears.
(4).條件狀語:通常用分詞來表示,相當于條件狀語從句。一般位于句首。
Turning(=Ifyouturn)totheleft,youwillseethepostoffice.
United(=Ifweareunited),westand;divided(=ifwearedivided),wefall.
Given(=Ifhehadbeengiven)moretime,hewouldbeabletodobetter.
(5).結果狀語從句:不定式作結果狀語通常用于so+形容詞或副詞+asto,such+名詞+asto,too…to,enoughto和onlyto等結構。
現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語表示謂語動詞的結果。
Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.
Iworkedlateintothenight,onlytofindIhadnotfinishedhalfofthejob.
Hewassofriendlyastobealwayshelpfultohisneighbours.
Hisissuchasadstoryastoarouseoutsympathy。
Iranfasterthanever,reachingtheschoolyardquiteoutofbreath.
Themandiedyoung,leavingnothingbutdebt.
(6).讓步狀語:通常有過去分詞來表示,而且前面通常有表示讓步意義的though。
Thoughwounded,thesoldiermanagedtogettothevillagesafely.
Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.
(7).伴隨或方式狀語:分詞作伴隨狀語通常位于句尾,表示謂語動詞正在所處主動或被動的狀態(tài)。
Chinesebusinessmen,taxidriversandstudentstalkwiththemusingEnglish.
Shecamerunningtowardsus.
Theywalkedalongthestreets,talkingandlaughing.
Hewentintothehouse,followedbysomechildren.
Hecontinuedtowalkupanddown,lostinthought.
高二英語Thebritishisles教案
高二英語Thebritishisles教案
TeachingPlan
Unit5TheBritishIsles
ReadingTHEBRITISHISLES
Teachingobjectives
1.Knowledgeobjectives:Tohelpthestudentsknowaboutthehistory,geography,climate,languagesandcultureoftheBritishIsles.
2.Abilityobjectives:Enablethestudentstodescribeaplacetoothersintheirclass,usingtargetlanguage.
3.Moralobjectives:ToletStudentshaveabriefunderstandingofcultureoftheBritishIsles.
4.Learningstrategies:Tosomeextend,studentsdeveloptheabilitiesofstudy,effectivecommunication,dealingwithinformationandthinkingandexpressinginEnglish.
Teachingimportantdifficultpoints
1.Toimprovethestudents’readingability.
2.Howtoletthestudentsmastertheknowledgeofnounclause.
3.Todevelopsomebasicskillsofdescribingaplace.
Teachingmethods
Listening,skimming,groupwork,task-basedapproach
Teachingprocedures
Step1:Warmingup
ShowsomepicturesofUK.
Step2:Answeringquestions:
1.WhatdoesUKstandfor?(TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland)
2.DoyouknowhowmanypartstheUKismadeupof?(Scotland/England/Wales-----Britain+NorthernIreland-----theUK+theRepublicofIreland----theBritishIsles)
3.WhatisthenationalflowerofUK?(Rose)
4.WhatisthecapitalofUK?(London)
Step3:Pre-reading
Listentothetapeanddiscussthesequestionswithyourpartnerandreportyourwork.
1.WhatarethemostimportantfactsaboutUK?
2.HowmanycountriesmakeuptheBritishIsles?(Two.Scotland/England/Wales—UK/Ireland)
3.WhatisGreatBritain?GreatBritainisreallyanationofdifferentcountriesheldtogetherbyacommonlanguageandculture.
4.What’stheweatherintheBritishIsleslike?TheclimateoftheBritishIslesismildwithalotofrain.Scotlandiscolderthroughouttheyear.Italsohasplentyofrain.
5.FromwheredidthecultureofthepeopleintheBritishIslesreceivemuchinfluence?TheEuropeanmainland
6.WhoconqueredGreatBritainin1066?What’stheresultofitsinfluence?
French.TheresultwasthatthereweremanyFrenchwordsintheEnglishlanguage,suchastable,animalage.
7.WhicharethefirsttwocountriesthatjoinedtheUK?EnglandandWales.
8.WhatlanguagedopeoplethroughouttheBritishIslesspeaknow?English
Step4:While-reading
Getthestudentscomprehendthepassagequicklyandaccurately,andmeanwhiledividethewholepassageintoseveralpartsandfindoutthemainideaofeachpart.
Part1(Para.1-2)GeneralintroductiontotheUK(showthemapandletthestudentspointdoexercise1)
Part2(Para.2)TheclimateoftheBritishIslesismildwithalotofrain.
Part3(Para.4-5)ThecultureofthepeopleintheBritishIsleshasreceivedmuchinfluencefromtheEuropeanmainland.
Part4(Para.6)TheUnitedKingdomhasalonghistory.
Part5(Para.7)SixspokenlanguagesareconsideredtobenativetotheBritishIslesaswellastwolocalaccents.
Step5:Languagefocus:
1.TheideathatEnglandstandsforFishChip,theSpeakers’Corner,BigBenandtheTowerofLondonispast.
“standfor”means“tobeasignorshortformof,represent,mean”
e.g.ThelettersNBCstandforNationalBroadcastingCompanyInc.
2.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomany.
e.g.Ourclassismadeupoftwentygirlsandtwenty-fiveboys.
3.…therehasbeenagrowingmovementtomakethemostofitsculturaldiversity.
“makethemostof”means“putsomethingtothebestpossibleuse”
e.g.Hedoesn’tdowellbecausehedoesn’tmakethemostofhisability.
4.TheBritishIslesisagroupofislandsthatliesoffthewestcoastofEurope.
“l(fā)ieoff”means“tostaynotfarfromtheshoreoranothership”
e.g.Wecouldseetheshiplyingofftheharbor.
5.ThelargestislandiscalledBritain,whichisseparatedfromFrancebytheEnglishChannel,whichareatonepointisonly20mileswide.
e.g.Sheisatthepointofthedeath.
6.TherearesixspokenlanguagesthatareconsideredtobenativetotheBritishIslesplustwolocalaccents.
“beconsideredtobe”means“beregardedas”
e.g.Heisconsideredtobeaweakleader.
7.Theyrealizethatitisofgreatvaluetorecordandteachthemtotheyoungergeneration.
“beofgreatvalue”means“beveryvaluable”
e.g.Acollegeeducationisofgreatvalueinone’slife
Step6Post-reading
TrueorFalse
(F)1.ManypeoplearoundtheworldstudyEnglish,andtheyknowalotaboutBritishculture.
(F)2.GreatBritainismadeupoffourcountries.
(T)3.TheislandofBritainisseparatedfromFrancebytheEnglishChannel.
(F)4.Scotlandiscolderthroughouttheyear,butreceiveslessrain.
(T)5.PeoplefromdifferentpartsofnorthernEuropesettledinEngland,sothecultureofthepeopleoftheBritishIsleswasinfluencedbythem.
(T)6.ThesouthernpartofIrelandisnowanindependentrepublic.
(F)7.Inmoderntime,peoplethroughouttheBritishIslesonlyspeakEnglish.
Readthepassageagainandtrytofillintheblanks.Workingroups..
TheBritishIsles
consistofTwolargeislands:OneiscalledIrelandandtheotherBritain
weatherTheclimateoftheBritishIslesismildwithalotofrain.
cultureThecultureofpeoplehasreceivedmanyinfluencesfromtheEuropeanmainland,suchasinEnglishlanguageyoucanfindmanyFrenchwords.
historyTheUnitedKingdomhasalonghistory.ThefirsttwocountriesformingtheUnionwereEnglandWalesin1536.In1707ScotlandispartoftheUnitedKingdom.
languageInmoderntimes,peoplespeakEnglishthroughouttheBritishIsles.TherearestillpeoplespeaktheolderEuropeanlanguages.
WelshandIrish.TherearesixspokenlanguagesthatareconsideredtobenativetotheBritishIslesplustwolocalaccents.
Checktheanswers,andthenletstudentsfinishanothergroupwork:
ImaginethatyouaregoingonafourweektripthroughtheUK.Makeatravelingplaninwhichyoudescribewhereyouwillgoandwhatclothesandthingsyouwilltake.
Step7Homework
1.Completetheexercises.
2.Findtheclausesledby“that”andanalyzethosesentencesafterclass.
3.Writeacompositionaboutdescribingaplaceandhanditinnextweek.
高二英語上冊第十單元知識點:Frighteningnature
高二英語上冊第十單元知識點:Frighteningnature
1.Howdoesnatureformadangertopeopleintheworldandhowcansciencehelpreducethatthreat.大自然是怎樣對全世界人民形成一種威脅的及科學能如何幫助減少這種威脅。(p.73WarmingUpNo.3)
1)danger此處用作可數(shù)名詞,意為“危害,威脅”,常與介詞to或of連用。如:①Thenarrowbridgeisadangertotraffic.這座狹窄的橋梁對交通造成了危險。②Violentcriminalslikethatareadangertosociety.這種暴力罪犯對社會是一種危害。③Abusystreetisadangertochildren.交通流量大的街道對小孩子很危險。
像danger一樣,還有些抽象名詞可表示具體化的事物。如:surprise,cold,pleasure,pity,failure,success,worry,honour,experience,must,difficulty,youth,beauty,wonder,interest等;但也有些抽象名詞即使沒有形容詞修飾也不能具體化,如:fun,advice,information,health,progress,wealth,news,weather等。如:①Theexperimenthasturnedoutasuccess.實驗終于成功了。②ManypeopleagreethataknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.許多人贊成當今國際貿(mào)易中英語知識是不可缺少的東西。
2)reduce此處用作及物動詞,意為“把(數(shù)量、力量等)減少;縮小(尺寸、程度等);降低(價格等)”,如:①Iboughtthisshirtbecauseitwasreducedfromto.我買了這件襯衣,因為它的價格從12英鎊減到6英鎊。②Shereducedherweightby5kilograms.她的體重減輕了5公斤。③Reducethesaucebyboilingitfortenminutes.煮十分鐘把調味汁熬掉些。④Thenewworkingmethodfurtherreducedproductioncosts.新的操作方法進一步降低了生產(chǎn)成本。
reduce還可意為“使成為(多用于被動語態(tài)且與to連用);使處于某種狀態(tài)(須與to連用)”。如:①Thebombreducedthecitytoruins.炸彈爆炸使得該城鎮(zhèn)化為廢墟。②Thehousewasreducedtoashes.房子被燒成了灰燼。③Hemanagedtoreducedthegroupofchildrentosilence.他設法使這些孩子靜了下來。④Intheoldsocietyhewasreducedtobegging.在舊社會他被逼得討飯。
2.Myfriendsaidhewasscaredtodeath.我的朋友說他嚇得要死。(p.74Speaking倒數(shù)第7行)
1)scared意為“感到害怕(恐懼)的,受驚嚇的”,其后常與介詞of/at,動詞不定式或that從句連用。如:①Areyouscaredofsnakes?你怕蛇嗎?②Whywontyoucomeonthetrip?Areyouscared?你為什么不參加旅行?你害怕嗎?③Shewasscaredtorideonthehorse.她怕
騎馬。④Imscaredtoflyinaplane/scaredthatitmightcrash.我很怕坐飛機旅行/很怕飛機墜毀。
scared;frightened;terrified三者意義相同,只是程度不同:scared語氣最弱,terrified語氣最強。
①Ifeltabitscaredwhentheplanetookoff.飛機起飛時,我有點害怕。②Thechildwasfrightenedbythebigdog.那孩子被狗嚇壞了。③Iwasterrifiedwhenthetigerrantowardsme.那只老虎向我撲來時,我嚇壞了。
2)本句中的介詞to表示某一過程達到的結果,變?yōu)椤俺闪恕?,以至變?yōu)椤?。如:①Hisdebtsamountedto5,000dollars.他的負債額達到了5000美元。②Thecupwasbrokentopieces.那杯子破成了碎片。③Thesnowsoonturnedtowaterundertheraysofthesun.在陽光照射下雪很快變成了水。④ThecakewasburnttoacinderbythetimeMarygotback.瑪麗回來時,點心已烤成焦炭。⑤Hedrankhimselftodeath.他飲酒致死。⑥Toourgreatsurprise,hedidntturnup.使我們很奇怪的是他竟然沒有露面。
3.Somepeoplegotintoatotalpanic,whenthetyphoonpulledtheroofsofftheirhousesandcarswentupintheair.當臺風掀掉屋頂、汽車刮上天時,有些人驚慌起來。(p.74Speaking倒數(shù)第4行)
1)getintoapanic意為“進入恐怖狀態(tài)”,其后與about連用引出原因。如:①Theaudiencegotintoapanicaboutthefireinthetheatre.觀眾因劇院起火而變得慌亂起來。②Shegotintoapanicwhenshethoughtshedforgottenthetickets.她想起忘了帶入場券時,頓時驚慌起來。
panic尤其指沒有明確的理由而傳開于群眾間的恐慌,通常用單數(shù)形式或當作不可數(shù)名詞。如:①Wewerethrownintoapanicwhenthelightssuddenlywentoff.當燈突然熄滅時,我們陷入一片慌亂。②Thecrowdwasinapanic.群眾陷入恐慌狀態(tài)。
2)句中off意為“從原位置或接觸連接處移開,分離或脫落”,即從整體中去掉某一部分。如:①Oneofthebuttonshascomeoffmycoat.我的衣服掉了一個紐扣。②Thebushitatruckandranofftheroad.那輛公共汽車撞上了一輛卡車,沖出了公路。③Shetooksomemeatofftheplate.她從盤子里拿走了一些肉。④Youaregoingoffthesubject,arentyou?你的話離題了,不是嗎?
3)goup的幾種常見意思:a.上漲,提高;b.響起;c.爆炸,被炸,/燒毀;d.拔地而起。如:①Everythingseemstobegoingupthesedays.近來什么東西好像都要漲價。②Whenthefirststreamofclearwaterflowedintothecanal,agreatcheerwentup.當?shù)谝还汕迦魅胨r,頓時一片歡騰。③Thetallbuildingwentupinflames.這座大樓在熊熊烈火中燒毀了。④Newuniversitieswentupatafantasticrateinthe1980s.在80年代,新的大學以極快的速度建造起來。
4.Yeah,man.Nowthatkindofthingwouldreallyfrightenme.嗯,老兄。那種事情確實使我害怕。(p.74Speaking倒數(shù)第4行)
man此處用作不可數(shù)名詞,用于稱呼男性,意為“老兄”。如:①Thispartyisreallygreat,man!老兄,這個聚會真是棒極了!②Wakeup,man,youcantsleepallday!老兄,醒醒,你不能整天睡覺!
有關man的幾種特殊用法:(1)在男人與女人相提并論時,man前不用冠詞,單獨用。如:Manisstrongerthanwoman.男人比女人強壯。(2)用作不可數(shù)名詞,表示“人類”時,不和冠詞連用。如:Manmustfightforhisownexistence.人類必須為自己的生存而奮斗。(3)menandwoman是固定短語,詞序不能顛倒,表示“男女”。如:ThisTVplayissointerestingthatmenandwomen,boysandgirlsliketowatchit.這部電視劇非常有趣,男女老少都愛看。(4)含man的幾條諺語:①Somanymen,somanyminds.人各有志。②Likemaster,likeman.有其主必有其仆。③Deadmantellnotales.死人不會泄露。④Amancandiebutonce.人無二死。⑤Amancandon0morethanhecan.凡事應量力而行。⑥Amancannotspinandreelatthesametime.一心不能二用。⑦Amanhaschoicetobeginlove,butnottoendit.談愛容易擺脫難。⑧Menmaymeetbutmountainsnever.人生何處不相逢。⑨Amanofwordsandnotofdeedsislikeagardenfullofweeds.光說不做的人有如光生長野草的花園。⑩Nomanisbornwiseorlearned.人非生而知之者。#9322;Nomaniswiseatalltimes.智者千慮必有一失。
5.Itmakesmyhairstandonend.這令我毛骨悚然。(p.75Usefulexpressions)
onend意義有二:a.直立;b.連續(xù)的,繼續(xù)地(也可以說right/straightonend)。如:Wehadtostandthetableonendtogetinthroughthedoor.我們只能把桌子豎起才能把它抬進這門。Theterriblesightmadeherhairstandonend.那可怕的景象使她毛骨悚然。Hesatthereforhoursonend.她連續(xù)幾個小時坐在那兒。Ithasbeensnowingonendforaweek.雪連續(xù)下了一周。
高二英語上冊第三單元知識點:Artandarchitecture
高二英語上冊第三單元知識點:Artandarchitecture
一.重點詞匯
1.preferencen.偏愛;優(yōu)先eg:Wineorbeer?whichisyourpreference?要葡萄酒還是啤酒?你比較喜歡哪一樣?
IhaveapreferenceforFrenchfilms.我更喜歡法國電影。
相關鏈接:prefer噸更喜歡preferableadj.更好一些(和to連用)preferablyado.最好是用法拓展.haveapreferencefor偏愛……show/gire(a)preferencefor偏愛……
haveapreferenceofsth.to/over,..寧要某物而不要另一物
inpreferenceto優(yōu)先于……;喜愛甚于……特別提醒;prefer是preference的動詞形式,其搭配為:
prefersth./doingsth.tosth./doingsth.喜歡……而不喜歡
prefertodo…ratherthando…寧愿干……而不愿干……
2.designvn.設計;打算給……用eg:
Heisdesigningahousef6rhisfrl’end.他正給他的朋友設計房子。
Theroadwasnotdesignedforheavylrucks.這公路不是為重型卡車設計的。
用法拓展:design…f0r…為某人設計…….
bedem。gnedfor/todo…目的是……,打算給……用一
bydesign故意地havedesignson/against…對……別有用心特別提醒:design當“目的是……;打算給……用”講時,多用于被動結構。
3.belongvi.屬于;是……成員eg:Shebelongstothisschool.她是這個學校的成員。Chinabelongstothethirdworld.中國屬于第三世界。
相關鍵接;belongingsn.(復)所有物,財產(chǎn)用法拓展:belongtosb.屬于某人的特別提醒:
(1)belongto后面接名詞的普通格.不接所有格:后接代詞時用賓格,不用名詞性物主代詞。
(2)beIongto沒有被動語態(tài),不用于進行時態(tài)。
4.impressvt.銘刻,給……極深印象;使感動eg:Whatimpressedmeisthebeautyofthescenerythere.使我印象深刻的是那兒美麗的風景。Thebooktmpressedalotofpeople.那本書在很多人心中留下深刻印象。Myfatherimpressedonmetheimportaflceofwork.父親要我銘記工作的重要性。
相關鏈接:impressionn.印象,感覺impressiveadj.給人留下深刻印象的用法拓展:impresssth.onsth.在……上印……tmpresssth.withsth.用……印…
beimpressedby/at/with被深深打動beimpressedon曲.使某人銘記…makea…impressionon…對……留下…印象
5.despitpeprep.不管,不顧;任憑eg:
Hecametothemeetingdespitehisseriousillness.
他木顧重病還是來出席了會議。
Heisveryactivedespitehisage.他年紀雖大.卻很活躍。
用法拓展:despile=inspiteof盡管though(althougll)盡管.雖然特別提醒:①despiteinspiteof但比inspiteof更正式。②despite(inspiteof)是介詞.后接名詞(動名詞.代詞)而though、although是連詞.連接句子。
③ascon).引導一個讓步狀語從句.句子須部分倒裝。④whikconj“盡管”引導一個讓步狀語從句。
6.tastevt嘗……味道vi.嘗起來.吃起來n情趣。鑒賞力eg;
canyoutasteanythingstrangeinthissoup?你嘗得出這湯有什么怪味嗎?
Thesouptastesdelicious.這湯很可口。
Thegirlhasatasteformusic.這女孩對音樂感興趣。
相關鏈接:tastyadj.美味的,可口的atastymeaI一頓美餐用法拓展:haveatastefor對……喜歡toonestaste按口味.合口味特別提醒;taste作系動詞用后面須接形容詞作表語;無被動語態(tài)和進行時態(tài)。
二、重點短語
7.fillupwith用……裝滿eg:
Birdsfillupthespacesbetweenthebranehesoftheirnestswithsoftmaterials.
鳥用柔軟的材料填滿鳥巢之間的空間。
相關鏈接:fuIl“adj.充滿的用法拓展:fill…with…用……裝滿……一befilledwithbefuIlof裝滿……fillin…填入.填空
特別提醒:befilledwith用……裝滿.befuIlof裝滿……,這兩個短語中特別注意介詞,不要用混。
8.set.一aside把……置于一旁.留出,撥出eg:
Ivesetasidesomemoneyforthisjourney.我為這趟旅行存了一些錢。
Letssetasldeourpersonalfeelings.我們先暫時拋開個人情感。
用法拓展:putaside節(jié)省(錢,時間).儲存……備用
stepaslde避開.退讓.站到一邊takeaside把……叫到一邊
三、重點交際用語
9.Icantstand.”我不能忍受……eg:shecantstartdthepam.她無法忍受那種痛苦。
wecantstandbeingmadefunof.我們無法忍受被別人嘲弄。
用法拓展:cantstand+n/pron不能忍受……cantstand+doing不能忍受……特別提醒:stand當”承受.忍受”講.通常用于否定句和疑問句,不可用于進行時,后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。
四、重點句型
10.with+0+0Cwith的復合結構eg:
withthedooropenhesIeptIastm’ght.昨天晚上他開著門睡覺。
Withtheboyleadmgtheway.wehadnodifficultyfindinghishouse.
有孩子帶路.我們沒費事就找到了他的家。
用法拓展:with+賓語+形容詞with+賓語十副詞with+賓語一介詞短語with十賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞with十賓語+過去分詞with十賓語+不定式
特別提醒:with后面的賓語和賓補之間若是主動關系,用doing或todo;若是被動關系.則用done。
五、詞語辨析
11.create,make.produce,invent四個詞都含有“創(chuàng)造”的意思
(1)create指“有目的地把原材料制成新產(chǎn)品”;也指“創(chuàng)造出原來不存在或與眾不同的事物”。eg:
Wevecreatedanewbuildingoutofanoldruin.我們從舊廢墟上創(chuàng)建了一幢新樓。
(2)invent指“通過想像,研究,勞動,創(chuàng)造出前所未有的東西”,尤指“科技上的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造”。eg:
Edisoninventedthelightbulb.愛迪生發(fā)明了電燈泡。
(3)make是最常用詞,指“用勞動創(chuàng)造、生產(chǎn)、形成或組成”某事物。eg:
AIlkindsofmachinetoolsaremadeinthisfactory.這家工廠制造各種機床。
(4)produce指“通過勞動加工而生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品”,尤指“工農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品”。eg:
Wemustproducemorefoodforourselvesandimportless.我們必須增產(chǎn)食品,減少進口。