小學(xué)語文微課教案
發(fā)表時間：2020-11-09AhealthylifePeriod3 Grammar—theUseof“It”(1)。
AhealthylifePeriod3 Grammar—theUseof“It”(1)整體設(shè)計
教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析
Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammar：theuseof“it”．Theimpersonalpronoun“it”isusedfrequentlyinEnglishandhasmanydifferentfunctions.“It”canbeusedinthesubjectorobjectposition，tostandforaninfinitive，－ingformoraclause.Theimpersonalpronoun“it”canbeusedtotalkabouttime，distance，weather，etc.“It”canalsobeusedforemphasis.
Inthisperiodwewillfocusononlypartofitsusages，thatis，theuseof“it”whenthesubjectofasentenceisaclause，aninfinitive，orthe－ingform.
三維目標(biāo)設(shè)計
Knowledgeandskills
1．Toletthestudentslearntheuseof“it”．
2．Toenablethestudentstouse“it”correctlyandproperly.
Processandmethods
1．Toaskthestudentstoreadthereadingpassageagain，pickoutthesentenceswiththeword“it”inthemandwritesomeontheblackboard.
2．Toaskthestudentstodiscoverhow“it”isusedinvariousways.
3．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage21forstudentstomastertheuseof“it”．
4．Toaskthestudentstosummarizetheuseof“it”．
5．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage57andsomeotheradditionalexercisesforconsolidation.
Emotion，attitudeandvalue
1．Togetthestudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.
2．Todevelopthestudentsabilityofcomparingandsummarizing.
教學(xué)重、難點
1．Togetthestudentstomasterthestructureandusagesofthepronoun“it”．
2．Toenablethestudentstolearnhowtouse“it”．
教學(xué)過程
?Step1 Revision
1．Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2．Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.
3．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish：
(1)她對電視入了迷。
(2)雖然有暴風(fēng)雨，我們依舊準(zhǔn)點到達(dá)了火車站。
(3)我每次去訪問他，他都不在。
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Sheisaddictedtotelevision.
(2)Wearrivedatthestationinspiteofthestorm.
(3)EverytimeIcallonhim，heisout.
?Step2 Warmingup
Askthestudentstorereadthepassageandfindoutthesentenceswiththeword“it”inthem.Forexample：
(1)ItisabeautifuldayhereandIamsittingunderthebigtreeattheendofthegarden.
(2)ItseemsamazingthatatmyageIamstillfitenoughtocycle20kilometresinanafternoon.
(3)Yourmothertellsmethatyoustartedsmokingsometimeagoandnowyouarefindingitdifficulttogiveitup.
(4)Itmighthelpyoutostopandstrengthenyourresolve.
Askthestudentstothinkabouttheuseof“it”accordingtotheabovefoursentences.
?Step3 Grammarlearning
Askthestudentstostudythefollowingsentencesandtrytosummarizethestructureandusagesof“it”．
1．Thepersonalpronoun“it”andtheimpersonalpronoun“it”．
(1)Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharderbutitdidnthelp.
(2)—Whoisknockingatthedoor?
—Itsme.
(3)Itsaboutfivekilometersfromheretotherailwaystation.
(4)Itsgettingcolderandcoldereveryday.
2．“It”isusedinthesubjectorobjectposition.
(1)Shethoughtitnousetellinghimaboutthat.
(2)IrememberImadeitcleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming.
(3)Itsimportanttodopropermemoryworkinthestudyofaforeignlanguage.
(4)Itisnouselearningwithoutthinking.
(5)Itisapitythatyoudidntseesuchagoodfilm.
?Step4 Summingup
Trytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.
1．“It”isaveryusefulwordandcanbeusedinmanyways.
2．Thepersonalpronoun“it”cansubstitutesomethingthatismentionedbefore.Insomecertainsituations，“it”canstandforanunidentifiedpersonorababy.
3．Theimpersonalpronoun“it”canbeusedtotalkabouttime，distance，weather，etc.
4．“It”canactasasubjectoranobject，whiletherealsubjectorobjectcanbeputbackwardsintheformofaninfinitive，－ingformoraclause.
?Step5 Grammarpractice
Askstudentstodothefollowingexercises：
1．Rewritethesentencesusing“it”structuresgiven.
(1)Givingupsmokingisdifficult.(Itis...)
(2)Mostpeoplebelievesmokingcausescancer.(Itisbelieved...)
(3)Thenightwasdarkandstormywhentheoldmanstartedhisjourney.(Itwasa．..)
(4)Dontquitonastressfulday.(Itsnouse...)
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Itisdifficulttogiveupsmoking.
(2)Itisbelievedthatsmokingcausescancer.
(3)Itwasadarkandstormynightwhentheoldmanstartedhisjourney.
(4)Itisnousetryingtoquitonastressfulday.
2．DotheremainingexercisesinExercise2inDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage21.
3．Firstaskstudentstodotheexercisesindividually，andthenletthemdiscussandchecktheiranswerswiththeirpartners，andfinallygivethemthecorrectanswersanddealwithanyproblemstheymightmeet.
?Step6 Gettingmoreaboutthegrammar
1．it作形式主語的幾種句型
①It＋be＋形容詞/名詞(difficult/necessary/arule/aduty)＋for/of＋sb.todosth.
②It＋be＋形容詞/名詞(difficult/necessary/arule/aduty)＋thatclause
③It＋be＋過去分詞(said/reported/known)＋thatclause
④It＋be＋形容詞/名詞(useless/nouse/nogood)＋doing
⑤It＋takessb.sometime＋todosth.
⑥It＋seems/appears＋thatclause
⑦It＋seems/appears＋asifclause
2．it作形式賓語的特殊用法。某些及物動詞或短語不能加賓語從句，此時須先用it作形式賓語，然后接賓語從句。此種用法常用于like，dislike，hate，appreciate，dependon，seeto等后。如：
Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.
Illappreciateitifyouclosethedoorforme.
Ilikeitintheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.
3．it引起的幾個易混的時間句型
1)Itstimeforsb.todosth.和Its(about/high)timethatsb.didsth.(shoulddosth.)。例如：
Itstimeforustogotobed.
Its(about/high)timethatwewent/shouldgotobed.
注意：Its(about/high)timethat句型中，謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，即用動詞的過去式或“should＋動詞原形”(should不能省略)。
(2)It/This/Thatis＋thefirst/secondtime＋thatsb.has/havedonesth.和It/This/Thatwasthefirst/secondtimethatsb.haddonesth.例如：
Thisisthefourthtimethatshehasrungyoutoday.
ItwasthesecondtimethatIhadvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.
(3)Itwillbelong/hours/days/yearsbeforesb.do/doessth.和Itwaslong/hours/days/yearsbeforesb.didsth.例如：
Itwillbetwoyearsbeforewemeetagain.
ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleepagainlastnight.
(4)Itis/hasbeen＋years/days/weekssincesb.didsth.和Itwasyears/days/weekssincesb.haddonesth.例如：
—Whatwasthepartylike?
—Wonderful.ItsyearssinceIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.
ItwasyearssinceIhadbegantolearnEnglish.
(5)Itis/was＋具體時間點＋whenclause。例如：
Its6oclockwhenIgohomefromschooleveryday.
Itwasfiveoclockwhentheyfinishedthejob.
注意：在本結(jié)構(gòu)中，when引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，具體時間點是先行詞。
?Step7 Summingup
Trytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.
1．TherearemanysentencepatternsinEnglishwith“it”inthem.“It”hasmanyfunctions.
2．When“it”actsasasubjectoranobject，therealsubjectorobjectcanappearintheformofaninfinitive，－ingformoraclause.Theimpersonalpronoun“it”canbeusedtotalkabouttime，distance，weather，etc.
?Step8 Playingagame
1．Getstudentstoformgroupsof6.
2．Letstudentsplaythegame“Whatisit？”．Spendsometimemakingupcluestoidentifyseveralobjects/illnesses/habitsinthisunit.Thenreadyourcluestoyourpartnerandseeifhe/shecanidentifythem.Choosethebestonestoreadtotheclass.
EXAMPLES：
Itisabadhabitforbothmalesandfemales.
Itissomethingyoushouldntstartbecauseyouwillbeaddictedtoit.
Itissomethingwhichisillegal.
Itisaveryexpensivehabitandsoitwillwasteyourmoney.
?Step9 Closingdownbyaquiz
Showstudentsthefollowingonthescreenorgiveouttestpaperstothem.
1．Ittookusoveranhour______alongthestreet.
A．walk B．towalk
C．walking D．walked
2．Ithinkitagreathonor______tovisityourcountry.
A．toinviteB．inviting
C．havinginvitedD．tobeinvited
3．Manypeoplenowmake______aruletobuycardsfortheirfriendsbeforeChristmas.
A．themselvesB．it
C．thatD．this
4．______isverycleartoeveryonethatheisroundandtalllikeatree.
A．ThisB．What
C．ThatD．It
5．IntheUnitedStates，bustraveldoesntcostmuchastraintravel，______？
A．donttheyB．doesit
C．dothey D．doesntit
6．Someoneisatthedoor；whois______？
A．thisB．that
C．it D．he
7．______raininghardforthreehourswithoutstopping.
A．ItisB．Itwas
C．Ithasbeen D．Ithadbeen
8．—Hastheboygothisbicyclenow?
—Yes，thepolicegave______.
A．himtohimB．ittoit
C．ittohim D．himtoit
9．Itisimportant______theiroffer.
A．reject B．rejects
C．toreject D．rejecting
10．Has______beendecidedwhenwearetoholdthesportsmeeting?
A．thatB．this
C．it D．what
11．Willyouseeto______thattheluggageisbroughtback?
A．which B．it
C．thisD．that
12．Whatshesaiddiscouragedyou，______？
A．didit B．didntit
C．didshe D．didntshe
13．____________(已經(jīng)有三年了)sincehisfatherpassedaway.
14．____________(不久)thepolicearrived.
15．____________(已經(jīng)八點了)whenhegothome.
16．____________(應(yīng)該……的時候了)shewrotealettertoherboyfriend.
17．____________(這是第一次)thattheseEuropeanshavevisitedtheGreatWall.
Suggestedanswers：
1～5BDBDB 6～10CCCCC 11～12BB
13．Itis/hasbeenthreeyears
14．Itwasnotlongbefore
15．Itwasalreadyeightoclock
16．Itis(high)timethat
17．Itisthefirsttime
?Step10 Homework
FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.
擴展閱讀
ArtPeriod3 Grammar—theSubjunctiveMood(1)
一名優(yōu)秀負(fù)責(zé)的教師就要對每一位學(xué)生盡職盡責(zé)，作為高中教師就要早早地準(zhǔn)備好適合的教案課件。教案可以讓學(xué)生更好的消化課堂內(nèi)容，使高中教師有一個簡單易懂的教學(xué)思路。你知道如何去寫好一份優(yōu)秀的高中教案呢？為了讓您在使用時更加簡單方便，下面是小編整理的“ArtPeriod3 Grammar—theSubjunctiveMood(1)”，大家不妨來參考。希望您能喜歡！
ArtPeriod3 Grammar—theSubjunctiveMood(1)整體設(shè)計
教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析
Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammar：thesubjunctivemood.IntheEnglishlanguageverbsareoftendividedintothreedifferentmoods—theindicativemood，theimperativemoodandthesubjunctivemood.Theindicativemoodisusedtoindicateafactorputforwardaviewpoint.Theimperativemoodisusedtoexpressdirectcommandsorrequests.Ittellsyoutodosomething.Itisalsousedtosignalaprohibition，permissionoranyotherkindofexhortation.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedtoexpressaconditionwhichisdoubtfulornotfactual.Itismostoftenfoundinaclausebeginningwiththeword“if”．Itisalsofoundinnounclauses，followingaverbthatexpressesadoubt，awish，regret，request，demand，orproposal.Thefollowingareverbstypicallyfollowedbyclauseswiththesubjunctivemood：ask，demand，determine，insist，move，order，prefer，recommend，regret，request，require，suggest，wish.
Inthisperiodwewillfocusononlypartoftheusagesofthesubjunctivemood，thatis，thesubjunctivemoodbeginningwiththeword“if”andthatfollowingtheverb“wish”．
三維目標(biāo)設(shè)計
Knowledgeandskills
1．Togetthestudentstoknowthestructureofthesubjunctivemood.
2．Toletthestudentslearntheusagesofthesubjunctivemood.
3．Toenablethestudentstousethesubjunctivemoodcorrectlyandproperly.
Processandmethods
1．Toaskthestudentstoreadthereadingpassageagain，pickoutthesentenceswiththesubjunctivemoodfromthereadingpassageandtranslatethemintoChinese.
2．Toaskthestudentstodiscoverthestructureandusagesofsubjunctivemoodbycomparingalotofexamplesentences.
3．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage5forstudentstomasterthesubjunctivemood.
4．Toaskthestudentstosummarizethesubjunctivemood.
5．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage43andsomeotheradditionalexercisesforconsolidation.
Emotion，attitudeandvalue
1．Togetthestudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.
2．Todevelopthestudentsabilityofcomparingandsummarizing.
教學(xué)重、難點
1．Togetthestudentstomasterthestructureandusagesofthesubjunctivemood.
2．Toenablethestudentstolearnhowtousethesubjunctivemoodcorrectly.
教學(xué)過程
?Step1 Revision
1．Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2．Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.
3．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish：
(1)那個項目花費了大量金錢。
(2)我想開口說幾句，但是有人叫我別作聲。
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Agreatdealofmoneywasspentontheproject.
(2)Iattemptedtospeakbutwastoldtobequiet.
?Step2 Warmingup
AskthestudentstogobacktoPage1andstudythefollowingthreesentencesinWarmingUpandtranslatethemintoChinesepayingspecialattentiontotheirverbforms：
(1)Ifyouwereanartist，whatkindofpictureswouldyoupaint?
(2)Ifyoucould_havethreeofthesepaintingsonthewallsofyourclassroom，whichwouldyouchoose?
(3)Haveyoueverwishedyoucould_paintaswellasaprofessionalartist?
Tellthestudentsthattheabovethreesentencesarewiththesubjunctivemoodandthendiscussitwiththem.Thenaskthestudentstothinkaboutthequestion“Whatisthesubjunctivemood？”
?Step3 Grammarlearning
Askthestudentstostudythefollowingsentencesandtrytosummarizethestructureandmeaningofthesubjunctivemood.
1．Thesubjunctivemoodbeginningwiththeword“if”：
(1)Ifitoftenrained，thecropswould_growwell.如果經(jīng)常下雨的話，莊稼會長得很好。
(Thefactisthatitdoesntoftenrainandthecropsdontgrowwell.)
(2)Ifhewerehere，everythingwould_beallright.如果他在這兒的話，一切都沒有問題。
(Thefactisthatheisnothereandeverythingisnotallright.)
(3)IwouldcertainlygoifIwereyou.我要是你就一定去。
(ThefactisthatIamnotyouandIwontgo.)
2．Thesubjunctivemoodfollowingtheverb“wish”：
(1)IwishIwerenotsobusy.但愿我不那樣忙碌。
(ThefactisthatIamverybusy.)
(2)IwishIhadenoughmoney.但愿我有足夠的錢。
(ThefactisthatIdonthaveenoughmoney.)
(3)IwishIcould_beofsomeusetoyou.我希望我對你能有點用處。
(ThefactmaybethatIamnotofanyusetoyou.)
(4)Iwishyouwouldnt_look_down_onthiskindofwork.我希望你不要看不起這種工作。
(Thefactisthatyouindeedlookdownonthiskindofwork.)
(5)Iwishyouwould_gowithustomorrow.要是你明天同我們一起去就好了。
(Thefactisthatyouwontgowithustomorrow.)
?Step4 Summingup
Trytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.
1．Thesubjunctivemoodisusuallyusedtotalkaboutsituationsthatarenottrueornotlikelytobetrue.Thesituationreferredtointhesubjunctivemoodisnotreal，butitishypothetical.
2．Thesubjunctivemoodisoftenfoundinaclausebeginningwiththeword“if”．Thepasttense(were，did，coulddo)isoftenusedinthe“if”clauseand“would＋v.”isoftenusedinthemainclauseexpressingthesituationcontrarytothepresent.
3．Whentheverb“wish”isfollowedbyanobjectclause，itspredicatemustbewiththesubjunctivemood.Thepasttense(were，did)isoftenusedtoexpressthesituationcontrarytothepresentand“could/would＋v.”isoftenusedtoexpressthesituationcontrarytothefuture.
?Step5 Grammarpractice
Askstudentstodothefollowingexercises：
1．Changethefollowingsentencesintothesubjunctivemood.Puttheverbsintothecorrectform.
(1)Hehasnorighttochoosehisholiday，sohecantgotoShanghai.
(2)IcanteatshellfishbecauseIamallergictothem.
(3)Asthemarblestatueistoolargeforhergarden，thehousewifewontbuyit.
(4)Weknowverylittleaboutthedisease，sowearenotabletotreatthepatientsveryeffectively.
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Ifhehadrighttochoosehisholiday，hewouldgotoShanghai.
(2)IfIwerenotallergictoshellfish，Iwouldenjoyeatingthem.
(3)Ifthemarblestatuewerenottoolargeforhergarden，thehousewifewouldbuyit.
(4)Ifweknowmoreaboutthedisease，wewouldbeabletotreatthepatientsveryeffectively.
2．DoExercise3inDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage5.
3．DotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage43.
Firstaskstudentstodotheexercisesindividually，andthenletthemdiscussandchecktheiranswerswiththeirpartners，andfinallygivethemthecorrectanswersanddealwithanyproblemstheymightmeet.
?Step6 Gettingmoreaboutthegrammar
AskstudentstogobacktoPage1andreadthroughthereadingpassageAShortHistoryofWesternPaintingtopickoutthesentenceswiththesubjunctivemoodandthentranslatethemintoChinese.
Suggestedanswers：
1．Iftherulesofperspectivehad_not_been_discovered，noonewould_have_beenabletopaint_suchrealisticpictures.
如果沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)透視法，人們絕不可能畫出如此逼真的畫。
2．Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique，wewould_not_be_able_to_seethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous.
沒有新的顏料和新的(繪畫)手法，我們就不可能看到很多使這一時代著名的杰作。
3．Therearescoresofmodernartstyles，butwithouttheImpressionists，manyofthesepaintingstylesmight_not_exist.
現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)風(fēng)格有好幾十種，然而如果沒有印象派，那么這許多不同的風(fēng)格就不可能存在。
?Step7 Summingup
Trytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.
1．Whenthesubjunctivemoodisfoundinaclausebeginningwiththeword“if”，“had＋pastparticiples”isusedinthe“if”clause，while“would/couldhave＋pastparticiples”isusedinthemainclausesoastoexpressthesituationcontrarytothepast.
2．Insentenceswiththesubjunctivemood，sometimesaprepositionalphrasebeginningwith“without(＝ifnot)”isusedtotaketheplaceofthe“if”clausetoexpressimpliedcondition.
?Step8 Playingagame
1．Getstudentstoformgroupsof6.
2．Letstudentsplaythegame“IfIwerea．..，Iwould...”．
Askthestudentstotaketurnstoimaginewhattheywoulddoiftheyweresomebodyordidanythingwiththeirpartners.Maketheirownsentencesasinterestingandimaginativeastheycan.Writedownthesixbestonesandsharethemwiththeclass.
?Step9 Closingdownbyaquiz
Showstudentsthefollowingonthescreenorgiveouttestpaperstothem.
1．Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater，itlooksasifit______(break)．
2．Iwisheveryone______(be)richsothattherewouldbenofightforfoodagain.
3．WithoutyoursuggestionthatI______(set)offearly，Iwouldnthavearrivedontime.
4．Iwouldratheryou______(return)thebookyesterday.
5．Theboyinsistedthathe______(notcheat)intheexamand______(notpunish)．
6．______(set)offalittleearlier，Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.
7．Mypartnergotamountainbikeyesterday.HowIwishmyfather______oneformeonmycomingbirthdaynextweek.
A．buys B．willbuy C．couldbuy D．hasbought
8．Theyoungmaninsistedthathe______wrongandthathe______sorrytoanyoneelseatthemeeting.
A．haddone；wouldsay B．haddone；shouldsay
C．shoulddo；wouldsay D．shoulddo；shouldsay
9．IdontthinkthatIshallfail.ButifI______，Iwouldtryagain.
A．fail B．wouldfail
C．shouldfail D．hadfailed
10．—Canyoucometoattendourpartytonight?
—Sorry，butIdowishI______.
A．hadB．canC．willD．could
11．Thoughthegirlhadbeensufferingfromtheblooddisease，sheactedasifnothing______toherwhilefacingherfriendsandrelations.
A．happenedB．wouldhappen
C．washappenedD．hadhappened
12．—Doyoumindifwesetoutearliertomorrowmorning?
—Well，Idratheryou______.
A．dontB．didntC．wontD．wouldnt
Suggestedanswers：1.werebroken 2.were 3.(should)set 4.hadreturned5.hadntcheated；(should)notbepunished 6.HadIset/IfIhadset 7～12CBCDDB
?Step10 Homework
Reviewthestructureandusagesofthesubjunctivemood.
?Step11 Reflectionafterteaching
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Unit 1 Great scientists Period 3 Grammar學(xué)案
Period3Grammar
了解并掌握-ed做定語及表語
★預(yù)習(xí)案PreviewingCasew
Translatethesentenceswiththepastparticiplesfromthereadingpassageandrecitethem.
①DoctorJohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon...
②Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.
③JohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremove...
④Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople.
⑤Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.
⑥Hegotinterestedintwotheories.
過去分詞是非謂語動詞的一種形式,表示動作的_________和_______。它在句子中可以充當(dāng)________、________、________等成份。本單元僅談其作______和________的用法。
★探究案ExploringCase
探究點一：過去分詞作定語有前置和后置兩種情況。
1、前置定語:
A類:被動意義:
an___________guest=a__________guest一位受尊敬的客人
The___________workersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.
受傷的工人現(xiàn)正在醫(yī)院受到良好的照料。
B類:完成意義:
a_________teacher一位退休的教師
Theyarecleaningthe_________leavesintheyard.
他們正在打掃院子里的落葉。
總結(jié)：________的過去分詞作定語，通常放在被修飾的名詞之______,作前置定語。表示________和________的意義。
2、后置定語：
Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten(=thathaseverbeenwritten).
Whoweretheguestsinvited(=whohadbeeninvited)toyourpartylastnight?
總結(jié)：過去分詞短語作定語時，放在被修飾的名詞之______，作后置定語，作用相當(dāng)于一個____________。
3、注意：①如被修飾的詞是something,anything,everything,nothing,-one,-body以及those等,分詞放在被修飾詞的后面。
Heisoneofthosekidnapped.他是那些被綁架的人之一。
你還有什么沒完成的事嗎？
______________________________________________________________?
②單個分詞也可以作后置定語,用以強調(diào)動作。?
Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他們決定更換使用的材料。
③不及物動詞的過去分詞僅表示時間的完成,無被動意義?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進(jìn)行。
_______leaves落葉______leaves正在下落的樹葉
a_________country發(fā)達(dá)國家a________country發(fā)展中國家
the_______water(涼）開水?the_______water沸水?
探究點二:過去分詞作表語
Theteacherseemedquitedelightedattheidea.
Whenweheardofthestory,weweredeeplymoved.
過去分詞作表語表示主語的_________和_________。
注意：①作表語的過去分詞，________的意味很弱，主要表示動作的_______和某一_______，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞。
Theboatisbroken.Thestreetiscrowded.
②表示______的過去分詞：disappointed,excited,surprised,pleased…
表示______的過去分詞：lost,known,married,dressed,gone,drunk…
Latertheyfoundthattheywerelost.Thehappytimeisgone.
常見的作表語的過去分詞：
amused(愉快的)；connected(連接的)；broken(碎了的)；closed(關(guān)閉的)；astonished(吃驚的)；covered(覆蓋的)；crowded(擁擠的)；delighted(高興的)；；dressed(穿著的)；drunk(喝醉的)；experienced(有經(jīng)驗的)；worried(擔(dān)憂的)；interested(感興趣的)；tired(疲勞的)；satisfied(滿意的)；surprised(吃驚的)；married(已婚的)，等
③過去分詞作表語：強調(diào)____________________
被動語態(tài)：強調(diào)____________________
Myglassesarebroken.(________)
Myglasseswerebrokenbymylittledaughter.(________)
Hewassurprisedatthenews.(________)
Iwasgreatlysurprisedbyaknockatthedoor.(________)
★練習(xí)PracticeChoosethebestanswers.
1.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAmerica.(MET1990)
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited
2.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget______bythehour.(NMET1998)
A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay
3.Thefirsttextbook______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.
A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written
4.Dontusewords,expressions,orphrases______onlytopeoplewithspecialknowledge.
A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known
5.Hearingloudknocksatthedoor,Samgot______andopenedittofindwhoitwas.
A.dressedB.dressingC.dressD.beingdressed
6.Allpeoplepresentatthemeetingwere______atthesurprisingnews.
A.tosurpriseB.surprisedC.beingsurprisedDsurprise
7.Theynowhaveagovernment,______byallthepeople.
A.havingsupportedB.supportingC.supportedD.tobesupported
8.______in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.(2000)
A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding
PreviewingCase
Task1
Task2.過去分詞是非謂語動詞的一種形式,表示完成和被動的動作。它在句子中可以充當(dāng)表語、定語、狀語等成份。下面僅談其作定語和表語的用法。
ExploringCase
探究點一1.
anhonored/respectedguest
Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.
2.aretiredteacher一位退休的教師
Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.
Doyouhaveanythingunfinished?你還有什么沒完成的事嗎？
fallenleaves落葉fallingleaves正在下落的樹葉
adevelopedcountry發(fā)達(dá)國家adevelopingcountry發(fā)展中國家
theboiledwater(涼）開水?theboilingwater沸水?
二、
情緒；狀態(tài)
①被動；完成；狀態(tài)
②情緒；狀態(tài)
③主語所處的狀態(tài)
主語所承受的動作
Practiceafterclass
Keys:1–8ACDDABCC
LivingwellPeriod3 Grammar
作為優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)工作者，在教學(xué)時能夠胸有成竹，教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案，這是教師需要精心準(zhǔn)備的。教案可以更好的幫助學(xué)生們打好基礎(chǔ)，幫助教師提高自己的教學(xué)質(zhì)量。所以你在寫教案時要注意些什么呢？經(jīng)過搜索和整理，小編為大家呈現(xiàn)“LivingwellPeriod3 Grammar”，但愿對您的學(xué)習(xí)工作帶來幫助。
LivingwellPeriod3 Grammar
Teachingaims
1．Studentswillbeabletorecognizetheinfinitivesandknowtheexactmeaningsofthem.
2．Studentswillbeabletousethesestructurescorrectly.Teachingprocedures
?Step1 Revision
AskseveralstudentstoretellMartysstory.ShowMartysminibiographyonthePowerPoint.
Myminibiography
Name
MartyFielding
Status
Highschoolstudent
Health
Developedamusclediseaseattheageof10，veryweak，cannotdothingslikenormalpeople
InterestsandHobbies
·Enjoyingwritingandcomputerprogramming
·Goingtothemoviesandfootballmatcheswithfriends
·Spendingalotoftimewithmypets—tworabbits，aparrot，atankfulloffishandatortoise
Ambition
Toworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftware
Motto
Liveonedayatatime?Step2 Discoveringusefulstructures
1．基本概念
不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，而且不能單獨用作謂語，但仍舊有動詞的特點，即可有自己的賓語和狀語，構(gòu)成不定式短語，使用頻率較高。是一個考試經(jīng)?？疾榈恼Z法點。
2．基本形式
主動形式
被動形式
一般式
todo
tobedone
完成式
tohavedone
tohavebeendone
進(jìn)行式
tobedoing
/
完成進(jìn)行式
tohavebeendoing
/
否定形式
nottodo
nottobedone
疑問詞＋不定式
wh－todo
wh－tobedone
復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
sb.todo/forsb.todo
/3.句法功能
不定式具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征，在句中可以充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補足語，還可以有自己的邏輯主語，即forsb.todosth.。
Itisgoodto_help_others.(subject)
Itismyambitionto_make_sure_that_the_disabled_people_in_our_neighbourhood_have_
access_to_all_public_buildings.(subject)
Myambitionis_to_work_inthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.(predicative)
Idonthavetimeto_sit_aroundfeelingsorryformyself.(attributive)
Iamtheonlystudentinmyclassto_have_a_pet_snake.(attributive)
Abigcompanyhasdecidedto_buy_it_from_me.(object)
Myfellowstudentshavebegunto_accept_me_for_who_I_am.(object)
Ihavehadtoworkhard_to_live_a_normal_life.(adverbial)
SomedaysIamtootiredto_get_out_of_bed.(adverbial)
Wemustcallonlocalgovernment_to_give_financial_assistance_to_disabled_people.(objectcomplement)
4．不定式的時態(tài)與語態(tài)
根據(jù)需要，不定式可以有一般式(todo)，完成式(tohavedone)，完成進(jìn)行式(tohavebeendoing)，進(jìn)行式(tobedoing)等時態(tài)形式以及被動形式tobedone和tohavebeendone。
Hedidntallowustogohomeearly.
他不允許我們早回家。
Heseemedtohaveseenthefilm.
他好像看過這部電影。
Sheissaidtohavebeenlivinginthecityforsixyears.
據(jù)說她住在該城市六年了。
Theboypretendedtobereadingwhenhismothercamein.
當(dāng)他母親進(jìn)來的時候，小男孩假裝在讀書。
Heissaidtohavestudiedabroadafewyearsago.
據(jù)說他幾年前在國外學(xué)習(xí)過。
Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.
據(jù)說此書已被譯成了多種語言。
[注意]
1．Thefollowingverbsareusuallyfollowedbytheinfinitive.
afford，agree，appear，arrange，ask，attempt，care，choose，claim，come，consent，dare，decide，demand，deserve，determine，elect，endeavor，expect，fail，get，guarantee，hate，help，hesitate，hope，hurry，intend，learn，long，manage，mean，need，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，say，seem，tend，threaten，want，wish
Forexample：
Icantaffordto_gotothepub.
Heagreedto_practice_more.
Youshouldlearnto_express_yourself.
Theymanaged_to_fix_the_problem.
2．Explanationofthegerundandtheinfinitive
Somewordscanbefollowedbyeithertheinfinitiveorthe－ingform.Pleasepayattentionwhenthereisnodifferenceinmeaningandwhenthereisdifference.
(1)Thegerundandtheinfinitive(nodifferenceinmeaning)
Weusethegerundortheinfinitiveafterthefollowingverbs：
begin
Hebegantalking.
Hebegantotalk.
continue
Theycontinuesmoking.
Theycontinuetosmoke.
hate
DoyouhateworkingonSaturdays？
DoyouhatetoworkonSaturdays？
like
Ilikeswimming.
Iliketoswim.
love
Shelovespainting.
Shelovestopaint.
prefer
Patpreferswalkinghome.
Patpreferstowalkhome.
start
Theystartsinging.
Theystarttosing.
Weusethegerundortheinfinitiveafterthefollowingverbs.Therearetwopossiblestructuresaftertheseverbs.Gerund：verb＋－ing
Infinitive：verb＋person＋to－infinitive
advise
Theyadvisewalking_totown.
Theyadviseus_to_walktotown.
allow
Theydonotallowsmokinghere.
Theydonotallow_us_to_smoke_here.
encourage
Theyencourage_doing_thetest.
Theyencourageus_to_do_thetest.
permit
Theydonotpermitsmokinghere.
Theydonotpermitus_to_smokehere.Weusethefollowingstructuresafterthewordrecommend：
recommend
Theyrecommendwalking_totown.
Theyrecommendthat_we_(should)_walk_to_town.(2)Someverbsorverbphraseshavedifferentmeaningswhenusedwiththegerundortheinfinitive.
GERUND
INFINITIVE
forget
Hellneverforgetspending_somuchmoneyonhisfirstcomputer.他永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記在第一臺電腦上花費了這么多錢。
Dontforgetto_spendmoneyonthetickets.
不要忘記用錢去買票。
goon
Goonreadingthetext.
繼續(xù)讀這篇文章。(繼續(xù)做同一件事)
Goonto_read_thetext.
繼續(xù)讀這篇文章。(繼續(xù)做另一件事)
mean
Youhaveforgottenyourhomeworkagain.Thatmeansphoning_yourmother.
你又忘記做家庭作業(yè)了，這意味著我要打電話給你媽媽。
Imeantto_phoneyourmother，butmymobiledidntwork.
我本打算打電話給你媽媽，但是我的手機壞了。
remember
Irememberswitching_offthelightswhenIwentonholiday.
我記得我去度假時把燈都關(guān)掉了。
Rememberto_switch_offthelightswhenyougoonholiday.
當(dāng)你去度假時，記得把燈關(guān)掉。
stop
Stopreading_thetext.
停止讀這篇文章。
Stopto_read_thetext.
停下來讀這篇文章。
try
Whydontyoutryrunning_afterthedog？
你為什么不嘗試跟著狗跑呢？
Itriedto_runafterthedog，butI．..
我竭盡全力跟著狗跑，但是……?Step3 Drilling
AskstudentstodoExercise2onPage5andcheckwiththeirpartnersthenchecktogether.
Keys：tohavekeptyouwaiting；tohaveforgotten；tohavefinished；
AskstudentstodoExercise3andsharetheirpastexperienceinagroup.
Keys：tohavespent；Tofree；tosee；totreat；tohelppass；toabolish
?Step4 Usingtheinfinitive
AskstudentstotranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandpayattentiontotheuseoftheinfinitive.
1．我忘了讓你去社區(qū)服務(wù)中心了。
2．在檢查機器之前關(guān)掉電源是很重要的。
3．我不知道哪兒能找到這種紐扣。
4．幸運的是，我們沒有更多的活兒要做。
5．海倫很高興到過中國20多個省、市。
6．她事業(yè)有成，現(xiàn)在最大的愿望就是結(jié)婚生子。
Suggestedanswers：
1．Iforgottoaskyoutogotothecommunityservicecenter.
2．Itsveryimportanttoturnofftheelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.
3．Idontknowwheretofindsuchakindofbutton.
4．Luckily，wedonthavemuchmoreworktodo.
5．Helenisverypleasedtohavetravelledinmorethan20provincesandcitiesinChina.
6．Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork，andnowhergreatestwishistogetmarriedandhavesomechildren.
?Step5 Homework
FinishoffExercises2and3onP49.
RobotsPeriod3 Grammar
一位優(yōu)秀的教師不打無準(zhǔn)備之仗，會提前做好準(zhǔn)備，作為高中教師就要精心準(zhǔn)備好合適的教案。教案可以讓學(xué)生更好地進(jìn)入課堂環(huán)境中來，幫助高中教師提高自己的教學(xué)質(zhì)量。那么，你知道高中教案要怎么寫呢？下面是小編精心收集整理，為您帶來的《RobotsPeriod3 Grammar》，希望能對您有所幫助，請收藏。
Period3 GrammarTeachingaims
1．Revisethepassivevoice(includingtheinfinitive)andknowtheexactmeaningofthestructure.
2．Beabletousetheusefulwords，expressionsandstructurescorrectly.
Teachingprocedures
?Step1 Revision
Askstudentstoanswerthefollowingquestionswithoutreferringtothetextbook.
1．WhatwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarryswife，Claire?
2．HowdidLarryBelmontfinallypersuadehiswifetoaccepttheexperiment?
3．HowdidClairefeelwhenshewasofferedsympathybyarobot?
4．WhatdidTonyexpecttodoaboutthehousebeforehewastoleaveandLarrywastoreturn?
5．HowdidClairefeelwhenshewasenviedbythosewomen?
6．WhathappenedtoTonyatlast?
Suggestedanswers：
1．TherobotwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarryswife，Claire.
2．Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldntharmherorallowhertobeharmed.
3．Shethoughtitwasridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.
4．Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.
5．Shefeltitasweetvictorytobeenviedbythosewomen.
6．Tonyhadtoberebuilt.
?Step2 Grammarlearning
1．不定式的被動形式
當(dāng)不定式與邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系時，即不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示動作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動形式。其被動式可以分為兩種：一般式和完成式。
(1)一般式：tobedone，表示不定式動作在謂語動詞之后或者同時發(fā)生。
Itisagreathonor_to_be_invited_tospeakhere.
很榮幸被邀請在這里講話。
Thenovelissaid_to_be_published_nextmonth.
據(jù)說這本小說下月要出版。
(2)完成式：tohavebeendone，表示不定式動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。
Thebookissaidto_have_been_translated_intosixlanguages.
這本書據(jù)說已經(jīng)被翻譯成六種語言。
Thebosspreferred_to_have_been_given_moreworktodo.
老板寧愿被分給更多的工作做。
被動
一般式
tobedone
完成式
tohavebeendone2.不定式被動形式的作用
(1)作主語
Itsanhonorto_be_invitedtotheceremony.
很榮幸被邀請赴宴。
Itsapityto_be_keptinthehouseinsuchfineweather.
在這樣好的天氣被關(guān)在家里真是遺憾。
(2)作表語
Theletteris_to_be_sent_byairmail.
這封信箋要空郵。
(3)作賓語
Shedidntliketo_be_treatedasachild.
她不喜歡被當(dāng)成孩子。
Theboyaskedto_be_givenanopportunitytotryagain.
那男孩要求給他再試一次的機會。
(4)作賓語補足語
Idlikemybedroomto_be_cleaned.
我想整理一下我的臥室。
(5)作定語
Hewasthelastone_to_be_askedtospeakatthemeeting.
他是最后一個在會上被邀請發(fā)言的人。
(6)作狀語
Hismotherleftthesmallvillage，never_to_be_seenagain.
他母親離開了那個小山村，再也沒有人見過她。
3．不定式有些要注意的地方
(1)感官動詞和一些使役動詞的不定式的主動形式要省去to，但在變成被動語態(tài)后需要加上to，能這樣用的動詞或動詞詞組有：make，have，let，see，hear，notice，listento，watch等。如：
Weoftenseehimactlikethat.＝Heisoftenseentoactlikethat.
我們常常看到他那樣做。
(2)在canthelpbut，havenothingtodobut結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞but后的不定式省去to。如：
Icant_help_butsuspecthismotive.
我不禁懷疑起他的動機。
Ihave_nothing_to_do_but_watchTV.
我沒什么事情可做，除了看電視。
(3)不定式有時要用主動形式表示被動意義
①形容詞以及含有形容詞的名詞后的不定式，一般用主動形式表示被動意義，其中形容詞常見的有easy，difficult，important，impossible等。如：
Theworkisimpossible_to_finishintwodays.
工作不可能兩天之內(nèi)完成。
Englishisnotsoeasy_to_learn.
英語并不好學(xué)。
②一些固定用法，如“挨罵，受責(zé)備，受批評”用betoblame；“(東西等)出租”用tolet。
Heistoblameforwhathehasdone.
他應(yīng)為他所做的受責(zé)備。
Thehouseistolet.房子要出租。
?Step3 Exercises
1．ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang，whowasreported______theworldrecordinthe110－meterhurdlerace.
A．breaking B．havingbroken
C．tohavebroken D．tobreak
2．Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood______.
A．tobebreathedB．tobreathe
C．breathing D．beingbreathed
3．______theprojectasplanned，wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.
A．Completing B．Complete
C．Completed D．Tocomplete
4．Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple，butitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.
A．tosee B．tobeseen
C．seeing D．seen
5．Ihurriedtothemeetinghall，only______thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.
A．totell B．tobetold
C．telling D．told
6．Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth；sheappears______everything.
A．totell B．tobetold
C．tobetelling D．tohavebeentold
7．LittleTomshouldlove______tothetheaterthisevening.
A．tobetaken B．totake
C．beingtaken D．taking
8．Itissaidthatplasticscanbeusedto______manythings.Nowpeopleareusedto______plasticsproducts.
A．make；usingB．making；using
C．making；useD．make；use
9．Withalotofproblems______，thenewly－electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
A．settled B．settlingC．tosettle D．beingsettled
Keys：1～5CBDBB 6～9DAAC?Step4 Drilling
AskstudentstodoExercise1onPage14andthenchecktheanswerstogether.
Keys：
Exercise1
betestedout，beharmed，beoffered，wasamazed，wasnotallowed，bediscovered，becompletelytransformed，wereimpressed，beenvied，berebuilt
AskstudentstodoExercise2andthenchecktheanswerstogether.
Keys：
Exercise2
1．tobedesigned 2.toberebuilt 3.tobeaccompanied 4.tobeknownas 5.tobefilledwith 6.tobetestedout 7.tobeenvied 8.tobesetaside
?Step5 Usingthepassiveinfinitive
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthepassiveinfinitive.
1．那本關(guān)于《圣經(jīng)》的書需要在這個周末之前還給圖書館。
2．下周末前，這個舊扶手椅將由一個沙發(fā)代替。
3．不要著急，你有足夠的時間把那個傳真發(fā)到你的公司。
4．你同妻子離婚的決定必須要得到她的同意。
5．剛剛出了一起事故，不過沒有必要驚慌，沒有人受傷。
6．雖然她考得不錯，但是她預(yù)料父母還是會對考試的結(jié)果感到失望。
7．當(dāng)在醫(yī)院進(jìn)行大手術(shù)的時候，她得到了家人的關(guān)愛和支持，為此她感到非常高興。
8．他為自己被宣布成為智力競賽冠軍得主的事感到十分興奮。
9．他把他們已經(jīng)得到的2000元與將提供的1500元加在一起，總共3500元。
10．沒有主力隊員的參與，他們一定會在即將到來的比賽中被打敗。
Suggestedanswers：
1．ThatbookontheHolyBibleneedstobereturnedtothelibraryby/beforetheendoftheweek.
2．Thatoldarmchairistobereplacedbyasofanextweek.
3．Dontworry—youstillhaveplentyoftimeforthatfaxtobesenttoyourcompany.
4．Yourdecisiontodivorceyourwifehastobemadewithheragreement.
5．Therehasbeenanaccidentbutthereisnoneedtobealarmed.Nobodyhasbeenhurt.
6．Althoughshehaddonewell，sheexpectedherparentstobedisappointedbyherexamresults.
7．Shewashappytobesupportedbytheaffectionofherfamilywhenshehadaseriousoperationinhospital.
8．Hewassoexcitedtobedeclaredthewinnerofthetalentcompetition.
9．Headdedthe2000yuantheyhadreceivedtothe1500yuantobeoffered，making3500yuaninall.
10．Withouttheirkey/leadingplayer，theyreboundtobebeateninthecomingcompetition.
?Step6 Homework
FinishoffExercises1and2onPage56.
